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    Vijay Kumar Singh
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    Performance estimation of Centrifugal Compressor and its calculation

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    Performance estimation of Centrifugal Compressor and its calculation

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    18 views8 pages

    Performance of Centrifugal Compressor

    Uploaded by

    Vijay Kumar Singh
    Performance estimation of Centrifugal Compressor and its calculation

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 8
    | FEATURE Centrifugal Compressor Performance Estimation Thea nicle ra prouites some invoductory materele on compreccor2 ca presents the methad developed bythe authay spacisea yes ‘mums ge compressor perarmarce esimmelianbesec on cata abiained 0m selesteaaporceue ns. Oli Gas intustaes. Nomenclature K Isentopic extonentor rts of speci heat cp ‘Spente neatcepacityatconstem: pressure ce Specifo heateepacityatconsten:whms T Absolute tempersie ° Speci volume Hp Pobre head igs = Univeral gas constant R Specific gasconstant Tr ‘Temperature Te Criteal te mpereture Te. Boing temperature The = Reduood boiing tom percture Tr Reduced temperature P Pressure Pe Citeal we mperture Pr = Reauoes pressure » Phzer acenttis factor ” Reduced volume op Pobtropis effconsy Zz Compress bitty factor v Volume Polytm pe expcnent c Constant Hp. Polytm pc head ow Polyte pic volume exponent ab Polytw pc temre ture exsonent te Polytwpec eficency ueq = Eubalentimpetlerin speed Deq = Equnatentimpeteraemeter Work nput face vp Polytm pc head coefiient . Inlet vol me ow ote g cp Hest capacity et consist pressure cy Heat capacity at con sigat volunte 2 mass tow me = Foweoeffice mt Note: subserpisf en¢ 2 used inthe cartentdenste conthionset suction and cischorge Menges, respectively, SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION TO COMPRESSOR A compressor is ratating machnery that increasas the pressure of compracsible fic by radusing ts volume, Campressors exist in numerous forms. The exact configuration denends on tie sp ecficapplication. Ingeneral the dierent typas ef compracsors can be catagatioad into ‘wo main groups, namely ‘a. Pastive cleplacerment Fositve cienlacement machines work by mechanically reducing the volume of the working fluid, These machines can be civclad into two subgroups: Ratary and Recipmcating, b. Dynamic: Dynamic machines work by mechanically changing the velecity cf working fluid, whish ean be canviced inta Aatal ena Centriugal Fig. 1 curmmaricas the compraceor family in term of ‘compression ratlo end actual inet yolurne flow rate, Flow 20 | SURUTERA O-ib0° 2015 ‘end compression ratio limits are indicated In Fig. 4, it can be seen thal positive dispiacement machines are nat suitable for harcing lat volumefiow higher than 1700 mF br fapproximately). It should be noted thet the left end of dynamic machine ‘Goes not reach ze10 fhw. The threshold af minimurn het ‘volume flow rate is defined by the surge limit of cynarnic machine, ‘This article focuses on the application of multi-stage ccontifugal comprescian system, which fe cornmonly used (oh offshore platforms transporting natural gas trom offshore: facilties to onshore plants A typical cross-sectional view cf mut-stege centifugal campressar can be sean in Fig 2. A centifugal siage cansists of 3besic components (1g, 3} Rotor assembly (impeller) difuser ard return channel. Gas flows along chaft circumference towards impale lot eye, and kinetic energy is mechanically exerted by mpelier blades. The ges then leaves the irroeller anc enters the iy. 1: yea apaleaton anges feoupressar pin tom efcampresson a> wih emoectto tv Howat (6) aimuser (static part of compressor), aituser is used to reduce ges velocity (after leaving impeller) anc increese the static pressure, Cerroressed gas fram the iffuser i routed Into the subsequent mpeler va‘a return chamel ig. Sito of womerocer tage dipolos efisr and tum hae) FEATURE Zz ‘The campressar performance curve consist of plots of compraccar discharge pracsure (or palytropic head) fl various constant rotational speed conditions (Fig. 5). Minimum and rrasimum allowable inlet volume flaw rates at conetant rotational speed are called “Surge' and "Choke" limits, respectively. Centrifugal compressors are volumetric machinery so when there is insufficient gas to replace what is baing pushed forward (i.e towards the left end of performance, curve}, discharge gas will flow backwards through the camprescar towaris the suction side. The gas flowing backwards increases the volume on the suction si¢e ard ‘he compressor picks up end begins ta push the gas forward again, This phenamenan is called "Surge" This ceeurs very quickly and the backward and forward gas tlw causes rap flictuations in the flow, pressure and terrpercture af the compression system Prolanges operetian in surge: mode can seriously damage the compressor ac wel as assovieted upsiream and cownstreem equipment que ta high vibrations in the compression loop. Surge can be prevented by irrplementing anti-ourge system and cantiol vave, which recycles discharged ges Deck to the suction flange in orcer to maintain minimum volume flow rateto the camprescor Operating compressors in the nigh volume ‘low region (towerds the right end of perforrance curve) is often roferred to ac “Choke’. Chake occurs whan the internal yas low veluclies are close Lo Machi 1, and generates rapid increese in pressure losses, Prolonged operaticn in the cheke limit chou ba avaided, because afficienay of cumpreseor Is very low, Efficiency islands (of constant efficiency) are contours ranging flom 74% te £2% in example praviied in Fig. 5 The addivan of efficency Islends on performance curves dfecively provdes © 2dimensional topology to this 2ecimensional curva. \Wih inlet conditions spesfied (3, sudtion pressure, sudion lemperature, inet volume flaw rate and cas compositions}, compression power can ‘herefarebe estimated. Compressors are often required to operate acioss @ range of flows anc pressures, the design point is typicaly Ianeled atthe peak efficency ragian cf performance curves. Integy of impellers may be last (Justa excessive shear forces Detween impeller shroud and blades) if maximum, allowable tip speed Is excesriac whan the campressar operates atove ihe maximum continuaus speed Combining first and second ‘aw of themacyramics fas wall as ‘ew dozens of algebraic stops, the thecretical compressor wark (or cerrpressar head) is derived as fallow. * leuite Eq.t 2) i Jie FD Centrifugal compressors donot develop constant camprescian rata at a given inlet volurne flow rate; rether ‘Mey develop 2 constant polytropic head at a dethed niet, volimeflow rate. DDetober a022 WURUTERA | 24 a FEATURE Rearranging Ey. 1 compressor discharge pressure (P2) can be calclsted. n wennl tof Hel) ,,),( 6 Vly 1 Eq? r oft WD) tla cenin® Es Comprecsitily factar (2) ie-@ meacure of aviation of roel gas behaviour from ides! gas behaviour. Gas behaved Ufferently at a given lenpereture end pressure, However they behave

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