SADDLEBACK EDUCATIONAL PUBLISHING Three Watson Invine, CA 92618-2767 Web site: www.sdlback.com First published in the United States by Saddleback Educational Publishing, 3 Watson, Irvine, CA92618 by arrangement with Leamers Publishing Pte Ltd, Singapore Copyright ©2007 by Saddleback Educational Publishing. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without the written permission of the publisher. ISBN 1-59905-201-6 Printed in the United States of America 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 987654321Introduction Grammaris a very old field of study. Did you know that the sentence was first divided into subject and verb by Plato, the famed philosopher from ancient Greece? That was about 2,400 years ago! Ever since then, students all over the world have found it worthwhile to study the structure of words and sentences. Why? Because skill in speaking and writing is the hallmark of all educated people. Lesson by lesson, this book provides basic instruction in the eight parts of speech—nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections—as well as the standard patterns of English sentences. All students of English, be they native speakers or those who are studying English as a second language, will profit from the fundamental introduction and review of grammar provided by SADDLEBACK’S BASIC ENGLISH GRAMMAR 1 and 2. Helpful marginal notes throughout the books have been provided to reinforce existing skills and call attention fo common problem areas. We wish you every success in your pursuit of English proficiency.What You'll Find in this Book 41) Whatis Grammar? (2) The Capital Letter 3) Nouns Common Nouns. Proper Nouns. Singular Nouns Plural Nouns. Collective Nouns Masculine and Feminine Nouns 4) Pronouns Personal Pronouns Reflexive Pronouns Interrogative Pronouns Demonstrative Pronouns 5) Adjectives Adjective Endings Kinds of Adjectives ‘Comparison of Adjectives 6 Determiners The Articles Demonstrative Determiners Interrogative Determiners Possessive Determiners. 7) Verbs and Tenses The Simple Present Tense Am, Is and Are The Present Progressive Tense Have and Has The Present Perfect Tense 13 val 23 34 44 44 47 48 49 52 54 58 65 71 71 73 74 78 79 80 83 89 93. 96 10. 41 Az 13 14 The Simple Past Tense Regular and irregular Verbs Was and Were The Past Progressive Tense The Future Tense Can and Could May and Might Do, Does and Did Would and Should Subject-Verb Agreement Adverbs Prepositions Conjunctions Interjections Sentences What is a Sentence? Kinds of Sentences The Imperative The Subject and the Object Direct and Indirect Objects 98 99 104 106 108 2 13 mS 120 123 127 132 135 138 139 139 140 141 143 144 Positive and Negative Sentences 146 Questions Punctuation Period Comma Exclamation Point Question Mark Apostrophe 147 150 150 151 152 152 153