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‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
١
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬
Induction Motors
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
 K
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬     ‫א‬  ‫א‬   W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٦
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.٧
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.٨
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.٩
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.١٠
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .١١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .١٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .١٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.١٤
K
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .١٥
-١-
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 K٢٦W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K٢ J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 
-٢-
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
Induction Motors
Three Phase Indution Motors: W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٨٨٦‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
K •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬ •
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬ •
E‫א‬‫א‬E٧ J٥F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،
 ‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(Induction)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
-٣-
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١ J١
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Stator‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١ J١F‫א‬،Rotor
 
 
 ‫א‬W١ J١
 W‫א‬‫א‬١ J١ J١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E٢ J١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬٠{٦٠{٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٢ J١F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
١٢٠،
 ‫א‬‫א‬
-٤-
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
، 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 ‫א‬W٢ J١‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢ J١ J١
  
  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، 
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(Slip-ring motors)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

(Squirrel cage motors) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(Wound rotor motors)
 (Wound Rotor)      W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K ،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K١٢٠‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K(Wound rotor)‫א‬
-٥-
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬(Slip Rings)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE٣ J١F‫א‬،
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
‫א‬W٣ J١‫א‬
 ‫א‬:EaF‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬EbF
(Squirrel-cage rotor)     W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،E٤ J١FE٣ J١F (Squirrel cage)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
-٦-
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 

‫א‬‫א‬W٤ J١‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢ J١
، ١٢٠ ، ‫א‬ 
،١٢٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،١٢٠‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E٥ J١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬Synchronous speed‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
120 ⋅ f s
ns = E١ J١F‫א‬
P
 W
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Wns
 ‫א‬‫א‬Wfs
 WP
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٥ J١F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،
-٧-
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٦٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   
 ١٢٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٨٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
-٨-
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
   
٢٤٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٣٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   
 ٣٦٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٤٢٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٥ J١F‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E٥ J١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،  ‫א‬‫א‬
٣٦٠‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬٦٠
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬،
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
-٩-
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣ J١
‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
١٢٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬EnsF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬n،‫א‬‫א‬Ens JnF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬EnsF‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ،E٦ J١F‫א‬
 WE٢ J١F
 
T ∝ Fs ⋅ Fr ⋅ Sin(δ sr ) E٢ J١F‫א‬
 W
 K‫א‬WT
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WFs
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WFr
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Wδsr
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
n f = ns − n E٣ J١F‫א‬
 W
 KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Wnf
- ١٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٦ J١
 W‫א‬٤ J١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬n‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،(Slip speed)‫א‬(ns-n)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ns‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬(Slip)‫א‬، ‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬(s)،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ١١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
‫א‬‫א‬٪٠{٥٪٢٪١‫א‬‫א‬
 W،٪٥٪٣‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
Slip Speed = nslip = ns − n

n −n
Slip = s = s
ns E٤ J١F‫א‬
n −n
% Slip = s = s × 100 %
ns
(n=ns)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K(n=0)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 WE٤ J١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Rotor speed = n = ns (1 − s ) E٥ J١F‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٥ J١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
s   ‫א‬،n‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،ns‫א‬‫א‬
(ns-n)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٥ J١F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،ns،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬(s=1)‫א‬(n=0) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KEfr=fsF‫א‬‫א‬
- ١٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(s=0)(n=ns)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KEfr=0F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ،(ns-n)‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E٤ J١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
fr = s ⋅ fs E٦ J١F‫א‬
 
 WE١ J١F
‫א‬،٦٠٢٤٠،‫א‬
 W‫א‬٪٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E

 W‫א‬
 
120 ⋅ f s 120 × 60
ns = = = 1200 rpm
P 6
n = ns ( 1 − s ) = 1200 × ( 1 − 0.05 ) = 1140 rpm
f r = s ⋅ f s = 0.05 × 60 = 3 Hz
 
 WE٢ J١F
‫א‬‫א‬، ٥٠ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬١٤٥٥
 W‫א‬
 
120 ⋅ f s 120 × 50
ns = = = 1500 rpm
P 4
nslip = ns − n = 1500 − 1455 = 45 rpm
- ١٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
ns − n 1500 − 1455
s= = = 0.03 p.u.
ns 1500
 
 WE٣ J١F
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،٥٠
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،٢{٥
 W‫א‬
 
f r 2.5
s= = = 0.05
f s 50
120 ⋅ f s 120 × 50
ns = = = 1000 rpm
p 6
n = ns ⋅ (1 − s ) = 1000 × (1 − 0.05) = 950 rpm
 
- ١٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 W
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J١
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٣
>‫א‬K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٤
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٦
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬
٤‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٧
K
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٨
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٩
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١٠
K‫א‬  J١١
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E

K‫א‬‫א‬ E

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E

K‫א‬KKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬ E
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E

 K‫א‬‫א‬ E

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١٤
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
- ١٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬ E
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E

 K‫א‬‫א‬ E

 K E

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١٥
 K E
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E

 K‫א‬ E

W،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J١٦
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E
 K E

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١٧
 K‫א‬ E
K‫א‬ E

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E

K‫א‬ E

 ‫א‬ E
، ‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J١٨
W
 KKKKKKKKK E
KKKKKKKKK‫א‬ E

KKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E

KKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E

KKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬ E
- ١٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 KKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E
‫א‬‫א‬، ٦٠ ‫א‬  J١٩
K٢‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،٥ ‫א‬  J٢٠
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬٧١٦‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،٦٠‫א‬  J٢١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،٢{٧‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬  J٢٢
W‫ א‬٪٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،٦٠٢٢٠
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E

K
 ٠{٠٥‫א‬،
 ٨٦٠‫א‬  J٢٣
W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E
 EF  ٩٠٠EF  ٤٥EF  ٤٥EF  ٨٥٥EF  W‫א‬
 
‫א‬EF٦٠٦‫א‬  J٢٤
K‫א‬١٠٩٢‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬١١٦٠
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K٥{٤،٪٩EF  ٢،٪٣{٤EF  W‫א‬
 
- ١٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 The Equivalent Circuit W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٦ J١

 J١F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬I2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٧
s ⋅ E2
I2 =  E٧ J١F‫א‬
R22 + (sX 2 )
2
X2، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E2
 (sE2)، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬R2، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬(sX2)،s‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
sE٧ J١F  ‫א‬  ،s‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 WE٨ J١F‫א‬
E2
I2 =
 WE٨ J١F‫א‬
2
⎛ R2 ⎞
⎜ ⎟ + X2
2
⎝ s ⎠
 E٧ J١F‫א‬E٨ J١F‫א‬E٧ J١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٧ J١‫א‬
‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ، ‫א‬
F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Xm‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 WE٨ J١F‫א‬،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ١٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٨ J١F‫א‬
W
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WR1, R2
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WX1, X2
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬WRc
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬WXm
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WN1, N2
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 WE٩ J١F
 
E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٩ J١F‫א‬
 W
⎡N ⎤
E2' = E2 ⋅ ⎢ 1 ⎥ = a ⋅ E2 WE٩ J١F‫א‬
⎣ N2 ⎦
2
⎡ N ⎤
R2' = R2 ⋅ ⎢ 1 ⎥ = a 2 ⋅ R2 WE١٠ J١F‫א‬
⎣ N2 ⎦
- ١٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
2
⎡N ⎤
X 2' = X 2 ⋅ ⎢ 1 ⎥ = a 2 ⋅ X 2 WE١١ J١F‫א‬
⎣ N2 ⎦
⎡N ⎤
I 2' = I 2 ⋅ ⎢ 2 ⎥ = I 2 / a E١٢ J١F‫א‬
⎣ N1 ⎦
R2'
،E١٣ J١F ‫א‬
 } {‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
s
 WE١٠ J١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
R2' ⎡1 − s ⎤
= R2' + R2' ⋅ ⎢  E١٣ J١F‫א‬
s ⎣ s ⎥⎦
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١٠ J١‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ R2' 
،
R2' ⋅ (1 − s )
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
s
E١٠ J١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
Rc ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١١ J١‫א‬
- ٢٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
E١٠ J١F ‫א‬‫א‬E١١ J١F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬FRc‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١ J٦ J١
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 (Io)‫א‬ ،
 ‫א‬‫א‬E١٠ J١F‫א‬
 KE١٢ J١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،(I1)‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١٢ J١‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
Req = R1 + R2'  ١٤ J١
X eq = X 1 + X 2'  ١٥ J١
 WE١٣ J١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١٣ J١‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
⎡ ⎛ 1 − s ⎞⎤
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ⎢ R2' ⋅ ⎜ ⎟⎥ ‫א‬،‫א‬
⎣ ⎝ s ⎠⎦
- ٢١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،(R1 ,R2 ,X1 ,X2 ,Rc ,Xm)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 No Load Test or Open Circuit Test WE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ J

E١٤ J١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
P = W1 + W2  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١٤ J١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬s‫א‬
⎡ ⎛ 1 − s ⎞⎤
‫א‬‫א‬، ⎢ R2' ⋅ ⎜ ⎟⎥ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
⎣ ⎝ s ⎠⎦
 ‫א‬‫א‬،
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٢٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
،
 Rc,Xm‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬، Rc,Xm ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 WE١١ J١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
V1 V1
Rc = Xm =
Ic Im
 ‫א‬V1
IoIm , Ic  E١٥ J١F‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 W
I c = I o ⋅ Cosφo I m = I o ⋅ Sinφo  E١٦ J١F‫א‬
 W
P
Cosφo =  E١٧ J١F‫א‬
3 ⋅ V1 ⋅ I o
⎛ P ⎞
φo = Cos −1 ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟  E١٨ J١F‫א‬
⎝ 3 ⋅ V1
⋅ I o ⎠
 W‫א‬‫א‬ Rc , Xm‫א‬
V1 V1 V1 V1
Rc = = Xm = =  E١٩ J١F‫א‬
I c I o ⋅ Cosφo I m I o ⋅ Sinφo
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١٥ J١‫א‬
 
- ٢٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 WE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ J
 Locked Rotor Test (or Short Circuit Test)W
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E١٦ J١F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬EF‫א‬
 
P = W1 + W2  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬E‫א‬
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١٦ J١‫א‬
 
‫א‬Es=1F‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
⎡ ⎛1 −1⎞ ⎤ ⎡ ' ⎛ 1 − s ⎞⎤
 ⎢ R2' ⋅ ⎜ ⎟ = 0⎥    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ⎢ R2 ⋅ ⎜ ⎟⎥ ‫א‬
⎣ ⎝ 1 ⎠ ⎦ ⎣ ⎝ s ⎠⎦
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬(Io)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،Req,Xeq‫א‬،) I1 ≅ I 2' (‫א‬، ‫א‬
‫א‬،Req,Xeq ‫א‬‫א‬
 WE١١ J١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٢٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 
P
Req =  E٢٠ J١F‫א‬
3 ⋅ I12
V
Z eq = sc  E٢١ J١F‫א‬
I1
X eq = Z eq2 − Req2  E٢٢ J١F‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Vsc
 Dc Test:         W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J

‫א‬R1
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٧ J١F‫א‬
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١٧ J١‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(Vdc)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 WE٢٣ J١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 
Vdc
2 ⋅ R1 =  
I dc
V
R1 = dc E٢٣ J١F‫א‬
2 ⋅ I dc
 
(skin effect)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٪١٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٢٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 
 WE٤ J١F
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W
 
VL=220 V IL=20 A P=600 W  ‫א‬

VL =30 V IL =50 A P=1500 W  ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 W Rc , Xm‫א‬
 W،‫א‬
 
VL
V1 = = 127 V
3
I o = I L = 20 A
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Rc , Xm
 
P 600
Cosφo = = = 0.0787
3 ⋅ V1 ⋅ I o 3 × 127 × 20
φo = Cos −1 (0.0787 ) = 85.48o
V1 127
Rc = = = 80.68 Ω
I o ⋅ Cosφo 20 × 0.0787
V1 127
Xm = = = 6.37 Ω
I o ⋅ Sinφo 20 × Sin(85.48)
 WReq , Xeq‫א‬
 W،‫א‬
VL 30
V1 = = = 17.32 V
3 3
I1 = I L = 50 A
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Req , Xeq
- ٢٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
P 1500
Req = = = 0.2 Ω
3 ⋅ I 2' 2 3 × 50 2
V 17.32
Z eq = 1 = = 0.3464 Ω
I1 50
X eq = Z eq2 − Req2 = (0.3464) − (0.2)
2 2
= 0.2828 Ω
 
 WE٥ J١F
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
VL=127 V IL=7.53 A P=179 W  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

VL =39.3 V IL =34.64 A P=1265 W  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Vdc=19 V Idc=20 A  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  X 1 = X 2' ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 WE٢١ J١F‫א‬R1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
Vdc 19
R1 = = = 0.475 Ω
2 ⋅ I dc 3 × 20
 
 WRc, XmE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W،‫א‬
 
V1 = VL = 127 V
I 7.53
Io = L = = 4.347 A
3 3
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Rc&Xm
P 179
Cosφo = = = 0.108
3 ⋅ V1 ⋅ I o 3 × 127 × 4.347
φo = Cos −1 (0.108) = 83.8o
- ٢٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
V1 127
Rc = = = 270.78 Ω
I o ⋅ Cosφo 4.347 × 0.108
V1 127
Xm = = = 29.435 Ω
I o ⋅ Sinφo 4.347 × Sin(83.8)
 WReq, XeqE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W،‫א‬
 
V1 = VL = 39.3 V
I 34.64
I1 = I 2' = L = = 20 A
3 3
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(R1,R2,X1,X2)
 
P 1265
Req = = = 1.054 Ω
3 ⋅ I 2 3 × 20
'2 2
V 39.3
Z eq = 1 = = 1.965 Ω
I1 20
X eq = Z eq2 − Req2 = (1.965) − (1.054)
2 2
= 1.658 Ω
 
Req = R1 + R2 '
 W
R1 = 0.475 Ω
W
R2' = Req − R1 = 1.054 − 0.475 = 0.579 Ω
 
X eq = X 1 + X 2'  W
X 1 = X 2'
:‫إذن‬
X eq 1.658
X 1 = X 2' = = = 0.859 Ω
2 2
- ٢٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 
 
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٢
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٣
KKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٤
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬E
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬E

K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬E

 
KKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٥
K‫א‬ E
K‫ א‬E

K‫א‬ E

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٦
 K‫א‬ E
K‫א‬‫א‬ E

K‫א‬‫א‬ E

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٧
 K‫א‬‫א‬ E
K‫א‬‫א‬ E

K‫א‬‫א‬ E

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E

- ٢٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،٥‫א‬  J٨
W‫א‬‫א‬
220 V 3.86 A 550 W  ‫א‬

35 V 12.9 A 490 W ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬٢٩{٨٤‫א‬  J٩
W‫א‬‫א‬
415 V 21 A 1250 W  ‫א‬

100 V 45 A 2730 W ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬Y٢٠‫א‬  J١٠
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
380 V 16.5 A 1050 W  ‫א‬

86 V 32 A 1854 W  ‫א‬
 X1 = X2` & R1 = R2` ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٣٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٧ J١
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١ J٧ J١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E١٨ J١F،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬P2،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬P1‫א‬
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١٨ J١F‫א‬
 W،‫א‬P1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
P1 = 3 ⋅ V1 ⋅ I1 ⋅ Cosφ E٢٤ J١F‫א‬
 
 W
 K‫א‬‫א‬WV1
 K‫א‬‫א‬WI1
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Wф
R1‫א‬‫א‬Pcu1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E٢٥ J١F‫א‬،‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Pcore
،
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٣١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،PcorePcu1،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Rc‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE٢١ J١F‫א‬Pst
 
Pcu1 = 3 ⋅ I1 ⋅ R1
2
WE٢٥ J١F‫א‬
Pst = Pcu1 + Pcore  E٢٦ J١F‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬PstP1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
P12KPg(air gap power)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 
Pg = P12 = P1 − Pst WE٢٧ J١F‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 
R2 '
Pg = 3 ⋅ I 2' 2 ⋅ WE٢٨ J١F‫א‬

s
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Pg‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬ Pcu2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Pcu 2 = 3 ⋅ I 2' 2 ⋅ R2' WE٢٩ J١F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬Pm‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Pm = Pg − Pcu 2 WE٣٠ J١F‫א‬
⎡ ⎛ 1 − s ⎞⎤
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ⎢ R2' ⋅ ⎜ ⎟⎥ ‫א‬
⎣ ⎝ s ⎠⎦
 WE٣١ J١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
⎛1 − s ⎞
Pm = 3 ⋅ I 2' 2 ⋅ R2' ⋅ ⎜ ⎟ WE٣١ J١F‫א‬
⎝ s ⎠
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Pm‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،Pf‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Euseful mechanical power‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬FP2‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٣٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 
P2 = Pm − Pf WE٣٢ J١F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٨ J١F‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣١ J١FE٢٩ J١FE٢٨ J١F‫א‬

 
Pg Pm Pcu2
⎛1⎞ ⎛1 − s ⎞
3 ⋅ I 2' 2 ⋅ R2' ⋅ ⎜ ⎟ 3 ⋅ I 2' 2 ⋅ R2' ⋅ ⎜ ⎟ 3 ⋅ I 2' 2 ⋅ R2'
⎝s⎠ ⎝ s ⎠
 Pcu2s Pg‫א‬
 W،KPm(1-s)Pg
 
Pcu 2 = s ⋅ Pg  WE٣٣ J١F‫א‬

Pm = (1 − s ) ⋅ Pg  E٣٤ J١F‫א‬
Pg : Pm : Pcu 2 = 1 : (1 − s ) : s  W‫א‬
 
،Pm‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Pg‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
s‫א‬‫א‬Ks(1-s)Pcu2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Pcu2‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
 WE٦ J١F
،
 ٤ ٦٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W،٣‫א‬‫א‬١٢٠
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E

 
- ٣٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 W‫א‬
 
fr 3
s= = = 0.05
f s 60
120 ⋅ f s 120 × 60
ns = = = 1800 rpm
P 4
n = (1 − s ) ⋅ ns = (1 − 0.05) × 1800 = 1710 rpm
Pcu 2 = s ⋅ Pg = 0.05 × 120 = 6 kw
Pm = (1 − s ) ⋅ Pg = (1 − 0.05) × 120 = 114 kw
 
 WE٧ J١F
،
 ‫א‬٣ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
١{٧‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬٢‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W،‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E
K‫א‬ E

 W‫א‬
 
P2 = Pg − Pcu 2 − Pf = 120 − 6 − 2 = 112 kw

112000
P2 = = 150 hp
746
P1 = Pg + Pcu1 + Pcore = 120 + 3 + 1.7 = 124.7 kw
P 112
η = 2 × 100 = × 100 = 89.7%
P1 124.7
 
 WE٨ J١F
‫א‬٤٨،٦٠٦‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،
 ‫א‬١{٤‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬١١٤٠
 K‫א‬،‫א‬١‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬١{٦
 W‫א‬
- ٣٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
120 ⋅ f s 120 × 60
ns = = = 1200 rpm
P 6
n − n 1200 − 1140
s= s = = 0.05 p.u.
ns 1200
Pg = P1 − Pst = P1 − (Pcu1 + Pcorw )
Pg = 48 − (1.4 + 1.6 ) = 45 kw
Pm = (1 − s ) ⋅ Pg = (1 − 0.05) × 45 = 42.74 kw
P2 = Pm − Pf = 42.75 − 1 = 41.75 kw
P 41.75
η = 2 × 100 = × 100 = 87%
P1 48
 
 WE٩ J١F
‫א‬ ٦٠
 ٤٤٠ ‫א‬
 ١{٦٧‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٨٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 K‫א‬ E
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E

 K٦٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E
 W‫א‬
f r 1.67
s= = = 0.0334
fs 50
120 ⋅ f s 120 × 50
ns = = = 1000 rpm
P 6
n = (1 − s ) ⋅ ns = (1 − 0.0334) ⋅ 1000 = 966.6 rpm
Pm = (1 − s ) ⋅ Pg = (1 − 0.0334 ) × 80 = 77.33 kw
Pcu 2 = s ⋅ Pg = 0.0334 × 80 = 2.67 kw
P 2670
R2' = cu 2' 2 = 2 = 0.21 Ω
3 ⋅ I 2 3 × (65)
- ٣٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 
- ٣٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 WE١٠ J١F
٧٣٢٥٠‫א‬
‫א‬١‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬٢‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬E
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
‫א‬E
 W‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
 
120 f s 120 × 50
ns = = = 750 rpm
p 8
n − n 750 − 732
s= s = = 0.024
ns 750
 
 WP2E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
 
Pg = P1 − Pst = 40 − 11 = 39
Pm = (1 − s ) ⋅ Pg = (1 − 0.024 ) × 39 = 38.064 kw
P2 = Pm − Pf = 38.064 − 2 = 36.064 kw
36064
P2 = = 48.343 hp
746
 
 WPcu2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
Pcu 2 = s ⋅ Pg = 0.024 × 39 = 0.936 kw
P 36.640
η = 2 × 100 = × 100 = 90.16%  W‫א‬E
P1 40
- ٣٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٧ J١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ETorqueF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KNm،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(total developed torque)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE٢٨ J١F‫א‬ωsPgns‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،Pm ‫א‬‫א‬n‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٢٩ J١F‫א‬ωPm
 
Pg
T= Nm E٣٥ J١F‫א‬
ωs
Pm
T= Nm E٣٦ J١F‫א‬
ω
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ω ωs
 WE٣٧ J١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
2 ⋅ π ⋅ ns
ωs = rad/sec. E٣٧ J١F‫א‬
60
2 ⋅π ⋅ n
ω= rad/sec. E٣٨ J١F‫א‬
60
 W‫א‬E٣٣ J١F‫א‬E٣٥ J١F‫א‬E٢٦ J١F
Pg ⎛ R ⎞ ⎛ 2 ⋅ π ⋅ ns ⎞
'
T= = ⎜ 3 ⋅ I 2' 2 ⋅ 2 ⎟ ÷ ⎜ ⎟ Nm
ωs ⎝ s ⎠ ⎝ 60 ⎠
R2'
T = K ⋅ I2 ⋅
'2
Nm E٣٩ J١F‫א‬
s
 
⎛ 3 × 60 ⎞
K = ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ E٤٠ J١F‫א‬
⎝ 2 ⋅ π ⋅ n s ⎠
 WE١٣ J١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ I 2' ‫א‬

 
- ٣٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
V1 V1
I 2' = =
Z eq ⎛ R2' ⎞
2
E٤١ J١F‫א‬
⎜ R1 + ⎟ + ( X eq )
2
⎝ s ⎠
 W‫א‬E٤١ J١F‫א‬ I 2' ‫א‬
 
V1 2
R2 '
T =K⋅ ⋅ E٤٢ J١F‫א‬

(R1 + R2' / s )2 + (X eq )2 s
 
‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤٢ J١F‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،
 WE١٩ J١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤٢ J١F‫א‬
 
E‫א‬L‫א‬FE‫א‬L‫א‬F‫א‬WE١٩ J١F‫א‬
،
 E١٩ J١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬s=sms=0
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬s=1s=sm
‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
- ٣٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬(useful torque)Tu‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬T‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KTf‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ωP2 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬Pf
 W‫א‬‫א‬
P2 P2
Tu = = Nm. WE٤٣ J١F‫א‬
ω 2 ⋅ π ⋅ n / 60
 W) sm (‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١ J٢ J٧ J١
(Tmax)‫א‬‫א‬،(s)‫א‬‫א‬E٤٢ J١F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
R2' R
sm = ' = 2  WE٤٤ J١F‫א‬
X2 X2
، R2' / X 2'  ‫א‬ (Tmax)
 ‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 WE٢٠ J١F‫א‬sm‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٢٠ J١F‫א‬
 
- ٤٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤٢ J١F‫א‬
 W‫א‬ sm = 1 & R2' = X 2' ‫א‬‫א‬
 
V1 2
Tmax =K⋅  E٤٥ J١F‫א‬
2 ⋅ X 2'
 
 W‫א‬٢ J٢ J٧
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢٠ J١F‫א‬
R2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،E٢٠ J١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W) s = 1(E٤٢ J١F‫א‬‫א‬
 
V1 2
Tstarting = K ⋅ ⋅ R2' E٤٦ J١F‫א‬

(R1 + R2 ) + X eq
' 2 2
 
 WE١١ J١F

 ٢٤٠‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
R1 = 0.4Ω R2' = 0.6Ω X 1 = 1.0Ω X 2' = 1.0Ω
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬١٨٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬،‫א‬١٧١٠‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ E
 K‫א‬‫א‬ E

 K‫א‬ E

 K‫א‬ E

 K‫א‬ E
 W‫א‬
 W‫א‬
- ٤١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
V1 = VL = 240 V
 
‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E

 W‫א‬
ns − n 1800 − 1710
s= = = 0.05
ns 1800
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ I1 ≈ I 2' 
 W
V1 V1
I1 ≈ I 2' = =
Z eq (R + R2' / s ) + ( X eq )
2 2
1
V1 240
I1 ≈ I 2' = = = 19.11 A
Z eq (0.4 + 0.6 / 0.05) + (1 + 1) 2 2
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E

 
3 × 50 3 × 60
K= = = 0.0159
2 ⋅ π ⋅ ns 2 × π × 1800
R2'
T = K ⋅ I2 ⋅
'2
s
0.6
T = 0.0159 ⋅ (19.11) × = 69.74
2
Nm
0.05
 Ws=1I1‫א‬ E

 
V1 V1
I1 ≈ I 2' = =
Z eq (R + R2' / s ) + ( X eq )
2 2
1
240
I1 ≈ I 2' = = 107.33 A
(0.4 + 0.6 / 1) + (1 + 1)
2 2
 
 ‫א‬ ،EF ‫א‬  ‫א‬      Tstarting ‫א‬  E

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 
- ٤٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
R2
'
Tstarting = K ⋅ I 2' 2 ⋅
s
0.6
Tstarting = 0.0159 × (107.33) × = 109.9
2
Nm
1
 
Wsmax‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Tmax‫א‬‫א‬ E
 
V1 2
Tmax = K ⋅
2 ⋅ X 2'
Tmax = 0.0159 ×
(240) 2
= 457.92 Nm
2 ×1
R2 0.6
'
smax = = = 0.6
X 2' 1
 
 WE١٢ J١F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬٩٠٠‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
٠{٢‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K١٩٣{٦‫א‬٤٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E٢F‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E
K‫א‬ E

 W‫א‬
2
⎛N ⎞
Req = R1 + R2' = R1 + ⎜⎜ 1 ⎟⎟ ⋅ R2
⎝ N2 ⎠
Req = 0.2 + (2 ) × R2 = 0.2 + 4 × R2
2
P 45 × 103
Req = = 2 = 0.4 Ω
3 ⋅ I 2' 2 3 × (193.6 )
R2 = 0.05 Ω
R2' = Req − R1 = 0.4 − 0.2 = 0.2 Ω
2 ⋅ π ⋅ ns 2 × π × 900
ωs = = = 94.25 rad/sec
60 60
- ٤٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
3 × (193.6 ) × 0.2
2
R2'
Tst = 3 ⋅ I1 ⋅ 2
= = 238.6 Nm
ωs 94.25
 
 WE١٣ J١F
٤٠٠E١١ J١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W،،٦٠
 
R1 = 2 ⋅ R2' = 0.2Ω X 1 = 0.5Ω X 2' = 0.2Ω X m = 20Ω

‫א‬٨٠٠‫א‬١٧٥٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E

K‫א‬‫א‬ E

K‫א‬‫א‬ E

K‫א‬ E
 W‫א‬
120 ⋅ f s 120 × 60
ns = = = 1800 rpm
P 4
n − n 1800 − 1755
s= s = = 0.025
ns 1800
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Ze = (R + jX ) +
[(R / s ) + jX ]× ( jX )
'
2 2
'
m
1
[(R / s ) + jX ] + ( jX )
1
2
' '
2 m
Ze = (0.2 + j 0.5) +
[(0.1 / 0.025) + j 0.2]× ( j 20)
[(0.1 / 0.025) + j 0.2] + ( j 20)
Ze = (0.2 + j 0.5) +
[4 + j 0.2]× ( j 20)
4 + j 0.2 + j 20
Z e = (0.2 + j 0.5) + (3.77 + j 0.944) = 3.97 + j1.444 Ω
Z e = 4.223∠20 o Ω
- ٤٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 W‫א‬
V ph = VL / 3 = 400 / 3 = 231 V
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E
231
I ph = I L = = 54.65∠ − 20 ِA
4.223∠20
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E

Pinp = P1 = 3 ⋅ VL ⋅ I L ⋅ Cosφ
Pinp = P1 = 3 × 400 × 54.65 × Cos (− 20 ) = 35.58 kw
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
Pg = P1 − Pcu1 = P1 − 3 ⋅ I12 ⋅ R1
Pg = P1 − Pcu1 = 53580 − 3 × (54.65) × (0.2) = 33.788
2
kw
 W‫א‬‫א‬
Pg = 3 ⋅ I 22 ⋅ R2' / s
Pg = 3 × (54.65) × (3.77 ) = 33.789
2
kw
 W‫א‬‫א‬
Pm = (1 − s ) ⋅ Pg = (1 − 0.025) × 33.79 = 32.94 kw
 W‫א‬‫א‬ E

P2 = Pm − Pf = 32940 − 800 = 32.14 kw
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E

P2
Tu =
ωm
2 ⋅ π ⋅ n 2 × π × 1755
ωm = = = 183.8 rad/sec.
60 60
P 32140
Tu = 2 = = 174.9 Nm
ωm 183.8
- ٤٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
W‫א‬ E
P2 32.14
η= = = 90.3%
P1 35.58
 
- ٤٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 W
 ‫؟‬‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٢
‫؟‬‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٣
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٤
‫؟‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  J٥
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٦
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٧
‫؟‬‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٨
 
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬  J٩
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١٠
K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ E
K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ E

K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E

K‫א‬
 
‫א‬،٦٠٦‫א‬  J١١
K‫א‬KKKKKKKK‫א‬،‫א‬٩٥٠‫א‬
١٠٠٠E ٩٧٥E ٥٠٠E ٤٧٥E
 
،٪١٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١٢
K‫א‬KKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٤٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
٨٠E ٩٩E ٩٠E ١٠E
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١٣
KKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬
٠{٥E ٠{٨٦٦E ٠{٧٠٧E ‫א‬E
 
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١٤

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬
3 / 2 E 1 / 2 E E E
 
،٪١٢‫א‬‫א‬١٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١٥
KKKKKKKKKKK٪٦‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٤٠E ٥٠E ١٦٠E ١٠٠E
 
KKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١٦
K‫א‬ E
K‫א‬‫א‬ E

K‫א‬‫א‬ E

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E

 
KKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١٧
K ‫א‬‫א‬ E
K ‫א‬ E

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E

K ‫א‬‫א‬ E

 

 ‫א‬١٠٠٠ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  J١٨
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬،‫א‬٩٣٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٥
‫א‬٤٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٤٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
٥٠٠‫א‬  J١٩
،‫א‬١١٤٠٢٠،٦٠
 W‫א‬،١‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬ E
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E

K‫א‬١٥٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E

 ٠{٨٦‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E

 
٤،٢٠‫א‬  J٢٠
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٪٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،٦٠،٤٠٠
W‫א‬٤٠٠
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬
 
٤،١٠‫א‬  J٢١
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K٪٣‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،٤٠٠،١٥٠
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢٠٠
K‫א‬EKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EK‫א‬‫א‬E
 K‫א‬‫א‬EK‫א‬‫א‬E
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٢٢
٤٥٠‫א‬١٧١٠‫א‬٢٠٠
،‫א‬٦‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٦٠
W‫א‬
 K‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬ J
 
- ٤٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
٢٢٠‫א‬  J٢٣
‫א‬‫א‬،٠{٨‫א‬١٤٤٠‫א‬،٥٠
‫א‬،‫א‬٣٩٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٠٦٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬١٠{٨
 W
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E

 K‫א‬ E

 K‫א‬ E

 
٢٢٠‫א‬  J٢٤
‫א‬‫א‬،
 ‫א‬١١‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬١٧١٠،٦٠
 W‫א‬٠{٨٣‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬٤٢٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١١٠٠‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E

 K‫א‬ E

 
٣٨٠‫א‬  J٢٥
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬٨٦٤‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،٦٠
 W‫א‬‫א‬٣٥٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٦٠٠‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬١٠
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E
 K‫א‬ E

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E

 
٣٨٠‫א‬  J٢٦
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،٦٠
R1=0.12 Ω R2`= 0.16 Ω X1 = 0.45 Ω X2`= 0.52 Ω

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٥٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 K‫א‬ E
 K‫א‬ E

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1 Ω‫א‬ E

 
‫א‬   J٢٧
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،٢٢٠
R1= 0.4 Ω R2`= 0.6 Ω X1 = 0.82 Ω X2`= 0.86 Ω

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٥٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬،‫א‬١٤٤٠‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ E
 K‫א‬ E

 
٣٨٠‫א‬  J٢٨
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،٦٠
 
R1= 0.12 Ω R2`= 0.16 Ω X1 = 0.45 Ω X2`= 0.52 Ω

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬ E
 K‫א‬ E

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E

 
،
 ٦٠٠ ٤،  ‫א‬  J٢٩
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE١١ J١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،٦٠
 
R1 = 0.75Ω R2' = 0.8Ω X 1 = X 2 = 2Ω'

X m = 50Ω
‫א‬٨٠٠‫א‬١٧٢٨‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
- ٥١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
K‫א‬‫א‬EK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
 K‫א‬‫א‬EKK‫א‬‫א‬E
 
- ٥٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٨ J١
 
 W‫א‬١ J٨ J١
،‫א‬
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
١{٥‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬٧٥‫א‬‫א‬
s=1‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬٢{٥
⎛1 − s ⎞
،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ R2' ⎜ ⎟ ‫א‬
⎝ s ⎠
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F، ‫א‬،‫א‬
KE ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ -١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬ -٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬٢٥‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

 ‫א‬، ‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١ J١ J٨ J١
،E٢١ J١F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
- ٥٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬W٢١ J١‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 (Auto-Transformer)W     W‫א‬‫א‬٢ J١ J٨ J١

 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٢٢ J١‫א‬
 
E٢٢ J١F‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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‫ א‬1 / 3 ½‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،
 K
 WL‫א‬٣ J١ J٨ J١

،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬٪٥٧ 1 : 3 ( )
،‫א‬E٢٣ J١F‫א‬K
‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 \‫א‬‫א‬W٢٣ J١‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤ J١ J٨ J١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E٢٤ J١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E٤٤ J١F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(Tmax)
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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KEKsmax=1)
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٢٤ J١‫א‬
 W‫א‬٥ J٢ J٨ J١

، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٨ J١
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K،‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٥ J١F‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 W ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
- ٥٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١ J٢ J٨ J١
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬٪١٥
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 W‫א‬٢ J٢ J٨ J١
‫א‬‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
، ، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE٢٥ J١F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE٢٦ J١F‫א‬،
(Dahlander connection)‫א‬
، ‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،  ‫א‬
 ،
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K٦٠‫א‬‫א‬١٨٠٠{١٢٠٠{٩٠٠{٦٠٠
‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٥٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
KE
 ‫א‬F‫א‬
 
‫א‬W٢٥ J١‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٢٦ J١‫א‬
 W‫א‬٣ J٢ J٨ J١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
- ٥٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 W
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٢
‫؟‬‫א‬
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٣
‫؟‬E∆LYF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٤
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٦
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫؟‬‫א‬  J٧
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٨
 KELF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E
 KEL‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E

 KE‫א‬LF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E

 KEL‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E

 KE‫א‬LF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E
 KE‫א‬LF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E
 KEL‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E
KE‫א‬LF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E
 
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٩
 K‫א‬ E
K‫א‬ E

K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬E

K‫ א‬E

K‫א‬ E
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E
 
- ٥٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 ‫א‬E  ‫א‬E  E  E  E  ‫א‬E  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ٦٠٦،‫א‬  J١٠


 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٤‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬٣٠٠ E
K‫א‬١٠٠٠ E

K‫א‬١٥٠٠ E

 
١ JE ٠{٦٧E  ٣E  ‫א‬

 
‫א‬‫א‬K٦٠٦،‫א‬  J١١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٢٤٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬٦٠٠ E
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬٩٠٠ E

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬٣٦٠٠ E

 
٢٤٠،٩٦٠E  ١٥،٦٠E  ٣٠،١٢٠E  ‫א‬

 
- ٦٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
Single Phase Induction Motors W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٩ J١

 W‫א‬١ J٩ J١
‫א‬ ،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E٢٧ J١F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬E٢٧ J١F‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٩ J١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ، ‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬
WE٤٧ J١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
F1 = F1max cos(ω s ⋅ t ) . cos(θ ) WE٤٧ J١F‫א‬

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
WE٤٨ J١F،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
B1 = B1max cos(ω s ⋅ t ) . cos(θ ) WE٤٨ J١F‫א‬

 
- ٦١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬E٤٩ J١F‫א‬،E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
1 1
B1 = B1max cos(θ - ωs ⋅ t ) + B1max cos(θ + ω s ⋅ t ) WE٤٩ J١F‫א‬
2 2
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬
،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬،½B1max
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ωs ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ωs‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬Bb‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Bf‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E٢٨ J١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬B‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Bb&Bf
 
B = B f + Bb WE٥٠ J١F‫א‬
- ٦٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢٨ J١‫א‬

  ‫א‬‫א‬،  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬(Superposition)
،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E٢٩ J١F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢٩ J١F‫א‬
- ٦٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬n‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،sf = s = (ns-n)/ns ‫א‬‫א‬،ns‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬(ns+n)،ns‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W  sb ‫א‬‫א‬
 
nS + n
sb = =2−s WE٥١ J١F‫א‬
nS
  ،‫א‬ (s=0.05) ٪٥ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W١٤ J١
‫א‬‫א‬  ،٦٠،٢٣٠،‫א‬
W‫א‬٪٤‫א‬
sb‫א‬‫א‬ Ki
ns‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Kii
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Kiii
W‫א‬
i - Slip for the backward field ≡ sb = 2 - s = 2 - 0.04 = 1.96
120 × f 120 × 60
ii - The synchronous speed ≡ ns = = =1800 rpm
p 4
iii - The motor speed ≡ n = ( 1 - s ) ns = 0.96 ×1800 = 1728 rpm
 
- ٦٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣ J٩ J١
،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
(Split-Phase Motor)     W‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬١ J٣ J٩ J١
‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
  ، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E٣٠ J١F‫א‬، 
 ‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬  
، ‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
Ia‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬Im،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
E٣٠ J١F‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬، ‫א‬ ‫א‬K ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣٠ J١F‫א‬
 
- ٦٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 
KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬L‫א‬WE٣١ J١F‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬E٪٧٥F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE٣١ J١F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬
- ٦٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
W١٥ J١
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٥٠،١١٠،‫א‬
W‫א‬
Zm = 1.2 + j 25 Ω‫א‬‫א‬
Za = 12 + j 5 Ω‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
V1 110 ∠0 110 ∠0
Im = = = ‫א‬‫א‬
Z m 1.2 + j 25 25.03∠87.252
I m = 4 ∠ − 87.252 A
V 110 ∠0 110 ∠0
Ia = 1 = =  ‫א‬‫א‬
Z a 12 + j 5 13∠22.62
I a = 8.46∠ − 22.62 A
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
It = Im + Ia
I t = 4 ∠ − 87 . 25 + 8 . 46 ∠ − 22 . 62 o
I t = (0.192 − j 3.995) + (7.81 − j 3.254)

I t = 8.02 − j 7.25 = 10.8∠ − 42.11o A
Cos (− 42.11) = 0.742 ‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
θ = φm − φa = −87.25 − (− 22.62) = −64.63o
I m lags I a by 64.62 o
 
- ٦٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
(Capacitor Motors)      W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٣ J٩ J١

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،،‫א‬‫א‬
 
  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
Capacitor –Start Motor    W‫א‬‫א‬ K

،‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬،
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E٣٢ J١F ‫א‬،‫א‬
،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ، 
‫א‬‫א‬K، 
 
‫א‬،Ia‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
،E٣٣ J١F ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬FIm‫א‬
 K‫א‬K
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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE٣٢ J١F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬L‫א‬KE٣٣ J١F‫א‬
، ‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬KE٣٣ J١F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬ ‫א‬
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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 
Permanent-Capacitor Motor   :‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K


‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬    ،‫א‬    ،
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE٣٤ J١F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣٤ J١F‫א‬
  ‫א‬   ،‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،  
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ،‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
Two-Values Capacitor Motor   W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣٥ J١F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬،
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬E٣٥ J١F‫א‬
،E ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
، 
 E ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬
- ٧١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
W١٦ J١
،٦٠١٢٧،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
Z m = 4.2 + j 3.8 Ω Z a = 8.8 + j 3.3 Ω

     ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
⎛ 3.8 ⎞
φm = tan −1 ⎜ ⎟ = 42.14
o
⎝ 4.2 ⎠
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
φa = 90 − φm = 47.86 o
 W‫א‬Xc‫א‬
⎛ X − 3 .2 ⎞ X c − 3 .2
tan −1 ⎜ c ⎟ = 47 . 86 = tan (47 . 86 ) = 1 . 1
⎝ 8 . 8 ⎠ 8 .8
X c = 1 . 1 × ( 8 . 8 ) + 3 . 2 = 12 . 93 Ω
 W‫א‬
1 1
Xc = =
ω ⋅ c 2 ⋅π ⋅ f ⋅ c
1 1
c= = = 205 µF
ω ⋅ X c 377 × 12.93
 
- ٧٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
Shaded-Pole motor    W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣ J٣ J٩ J١

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
       EF     ،  ‫א‬  
 KE٣٦ J١F‫א‬، (Shading Coil)‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣٦ J١F‫א‬
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
،‫א‬E٣٦ J١F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٧٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٧٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KKKK،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ -١
‫א‬‫ א‬K
‫ א‬K
‫ א‬K
‫ א‬K
KKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٢
K K
K K
K‫א‬ K
K‫א‬‫א‬ K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٣
KKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫ א‬K
‫ א‬K
‫ א‬K
‫ א‬K
KKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٤
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
K‫א‬ K
K‫א‬ K
K‫א‬ K
KKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٥
K‫א‬ K
- ٧٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
K‫א‬‫א‬ K
K K
KKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ -٦
K‫ א‬K
K‫ א‬K
K‫א‬‫ א‬K
K‫ א‬K
KKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٧
K‫א‬‫א‬ K
K‫א‬ K
K‫א‬‫ א‬K
K‫א‬‫ א‬K
KKKKKKK‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٨
K‫א‬‫א‬ K
K‫א‬‫א‬ K
K‫א‬‫א‬ K
K‫א‬‫א‬ K 
 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٩
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
K‫א‬‫א‬ K
K‫א‬ K
K‫א‬ K
- ٧٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ آﻬﺮ‬٢١٨  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 W
K‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    J٢
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٣
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٤
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٥
‫א‬‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٦
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬(2p = 6) ٥٠،٢٣٠ ‫א‬  J٧

W‫א‬٪٥‫א‬‫א‬
K( sb )‫א‬‫ א‬Ki
ns‫א‬‫א‬ Kii
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Kiii
١٢٠،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٨
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،٦٠
 
Z m = 4.2 + j 3.6 Ω  Z a = 8.4 + j 3.0 Ω
 
( 80˚ )‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٧٧ -

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‫א‬‫א‬

(Squirrel-cage rotor)     W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J

Slip Speed = nslip = ns − n

 The Equivalent Circuit W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٦ J١

 No Load Test or Open Circuit Test WE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ J

 Dc Test:         W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J

VL=220 V IL=20 A P=600 W  ‫א‬

VL=127 V IL=7.53 A P=179 W  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

220 V 3.86 A 550 W  ‫א‬

415 V 21 A 1250 W  ‫א‬

380 V 16.5 A 1050 W  ‫א‬

Pg = P12 = P1 − Pst WE٢٧ J١F‫א‬

Pg = 3 ⋅ I 2' 2 ⋅ WE٢٨ J١F‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣١ J١FE٢٩ J١FE٢٨ J١F‫א‬

Pcu 2 = s ⋅ Pg  WE٣٣ J١F‫א‬

P2 = Pg − Pcu 2 − Pf = 120 − 6 − 2 = 112 kw

 WE١٣ J١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ I 2' ‫א‬

T =K⋅ ⋅ E٤٢ J١F‫א‬

Tstarting = K ⋅ ⋅ R2' E٤٦ J١F‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E

R1 = 2 ⋅ R2' = 0.2Ω X 1 = 0.5Ω X 2' = 0.2Ω X m = 20Ω

R1=0.12 Ω R2`= 0.16 Ω X1 = 0.45 Ω X2`= 0.52 Ω

R1= 0.4 Ω R2`= 0.6 Ω X1 = 0.82 Ω X2`= 0.86 Ω

R1= 0.12 Ω R2`= 0.16 Ω X1 = 0.45 Ω X2`= 0.52 Ω

R1 = 0.75Ω R2' = 0.8Ω X 1 = X 2 = 2Ω'

 (Auto-Transformer)W     W‫א‬‫א‬٢ J١ J٨ J١

E٢٢ J١F‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 WL‫א‬٣ J١ J٨ J١

 W‫א‬٥ J٢ J٨ J١

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ٦٠٦،‫א‬  J١٠

١ JE ٠{٦٧E  ٣E  ‫א‬

٢٤٠،٩٦٠E  ١٥،٦٠E  ٣٠،١٢٠E  ‫א‬

Single Phase Induction Motors W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٩ J١

F1 = F1max cos(ω s ⋅ t ) . cos(θ ) WE٤٧ J١F‫א‬

B1 = B1max cos(ω s ⋅ t ) . cos(θ ) WE٤٨ J١F‫א‬

  ،‫א‬ (s=0.05) ٪٥ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

I t = (0.192 − j 3.995) + (7.81 − j 3.254)

(Capacitor Motors)      W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٣ J٩ J١

Capacitor –Start Motor    W‫א‬‫א‬ K

Permanent-Capacitor Motor   :‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K

Z m = 4.2 + j 3.8 Ω Z a = 8.8 + j 3.3 Ω

Shaded-Pole motor    W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣ J٣ J٩ J١

 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬(2p = 6) ٥٠،٢٣٠ ‫א‬  J٧

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