UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE PIURA

1-1-2014

Bipolar
Disorder

-FLORES AGURTO FRANK

-LOPEZ SILVA ROSA

-ORTIZ AQUINO BRYANT

-VELA FLORES KIMBERLY

-VIDAURRE FACUNDO JHON

-YOVERA RIVAS FELIPE

ENGLISH Facultad Medicina Humana

Bipolar Disorder

What Is Bipolar Disorder?

Bipolar disorder, also known as manic-

depressive illness, it´s a brain disorder that
causes unusual shifts in mood, energy,
activity levels, and the ability to carry out
day-to-day tasks. Symptoms of bipolar
disorder are severe. They are different
from the normal ups and downs that
everyone goes through from time to time.
(The National Institute of Mental Health,
Transforming the understanding and treatment of
mental illnesses.)

The introduction of the term

On January 31, 1854, Jules Baillarger described to the French Imperial Academy
of Medicine a biphasic mental illness causing recurrent oscillations between
mania and depression. Two weeks later, on February 14, 1854, Jean-Pierre
Falret presented a description to the Academy on what was essentially the same
disorder.

Signs & Symptoms

People with bipolar disorder experience unusually intense emotional states that
occur in distinct periods called "mood episodes." Each mood episode represents
a drastic change from a person’s usual mood and behaviour. (Depression and
Bipolar Support Alliance (DBSA))

Symptoms of mania or a Symptoms of depression

manic episode include: or a depressive episode
include:

Mood Changes Mood Changes

  An overly long period of

A long period of feeling "high," or
an overly happy or outgoing feeling sad or hopeless
mood  Loss of interest in activities
 once enjoyed, including sex.
ENGLISH Facultad Medicina Humana
 Extreme irritability Behavioral Changes

Behavioral Changes Feeling tired or "slowed

down"
Talking very fast, jumping from
 Being restless or irritable
one idea to another  Changing eating, sleeping, or
other habits
Behaving impulsively and
 Thinking of death or suicide,
engaging in pleasurable, high- or attempting suicide.
risk behaviours

How often happens?

According to the British Association of Psychiatry One of 100 adults has bipolar disorder at
some point in their lives. It usually starts during or after adolescence. It is rare that begins after
40 years. Sometimes this disorder develops in early stages of our life. It affects both men and
women. (The National Institute of Mental Health, Transforming the understanding and treatment of mental
illnesses.)

Causes

Scientists are studying the possible causes of bipolar disorder. Most scientists agree that there
is no single cause. Rather, many factors likely act together to produce the illness or increase
risk. The main factor are genetic and the environment´s influence (Depression and Bipolar Support
Alliance (DBSA))

Criteria and subtypes

The DSM-IV-TR lists three specific subtypes and one for non-specified

_ Bipolar I disorder: At least one manic episode is necessary to make the diagnosis; depressive
episodes are common in bipolar disorder I, but are unnecessary for the diagnosis.

_ Bipolar II disorder: No manic episodes, but one or more hypomanic episodes and one or
more major depressive episode.

_ Cyclothymia: A history of hypomanic episodes with periods of depression that do not meet
criteria for major depressive episodes.

_ Bipolar disorder NOS (not otherwise specified):

This is a catchall category, diagnosed when the 6 5 MANAGEMENT disorder does not fall
within a specific subtype.
ENGLISH Facultad Medicina Humana

Bibliography

 http://www.nimh.nih.gov%2Fhealth%2Ftopics%2Fbipolar-
disorder%2Findex.shtml&h=0AQGiprNO

 http://www.dbsalliance.org%2Fsite%2FPageServer%3Fpagena
me%3Dwellness_trials_bipolar&h=0AQGiprNO

 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bipolar_disorder