COMPOSITES €POKY RESIN, HARDENER G REACTIVE DILUENTS Energizing Possibilities... Stimulating Growth...Atul Ltd is a member of Lalbhal Group, one of the oldest business houses of India. Atul provides innovative chemistry and manufacturing solutions to Agriculture, Construction, Cosmetics, Food & Beverages, Fragrance, Marine, Packaging Paper, Pharmaceuticals, Textile and other industries. ‘Atul Ltd. has six Business Divisions- Crop Protection, Aromatics, Bulk Chemicals & Intermediates, Colour, Pharmaceuticals & Intermediates and Polymers ‘Atul td- incorporated in 1947 is spread overa total manufacturing unitof 1400 acres of land. The company is listed on the bourses in india and has over 35,000 shareholders. The Group is also strongly committed to serve the society in the fields of education, andhealth. Atul Lid (formerly Atul Products Ltd) was founded by Shri. Kasturbhai Lalbhai who saw a dream to make India self reliant in chemicals, to generate large scale employment and to create wealth for the society. Apart from having its operations in India, Atul Limited also has wider global presence with its offices in the USA, UK, and China, catering toits international customers. We are a chemical company committed to create wealth for all our stakeholders. We will strive for leadership in our chosen products and markets by providing high quality products and services to our customers, We will seek profitable growth by innovative application of science and technology. We will pursue excellence in allthat we undertake and take steps to continuously improve. We will take responsible care of the environment around us and improve the quality of life in the communities wo operate. Epoxy Resin, Reactive diluents and Hardener are manufactured, marketed, and sold in the name of ‘Lapox” by Polymers division of Atul Limited. Manufacturing of Epoxy systems began in 1968 in a company established as a joint venture between Atul and Ciba, Switzerland. In 1899, on the merger of the JV with the parent company, the Epoxy operations became @ part of Atul Limited. The current state of the art manufacturing facility with total production capacity of 25000 MTA is located 200 km from north of Mumbai at Valsad in Gujrat. Currently the division is awarded ISO 9001- 2008 and ISO-14000. ‘Apart from an intensive network of branch offices and dealers in India, the company has established ‘marketing subsidiaries (offices) in the UK (Manchester), USA (Charlotte), and China (Shanghal). Besides, it has enterprising agents/ dealers in the UK, France, Germany, USA and China. These dealers stock Lapox to cater to the needs of their regular customers. Having achieved a leadership position in the domestic market of Epoxy resins and allied products, the company also exports large quantity ofits products in the global market. The major part of export goes to Europe and North America ‘The company is able to sustain leadership position in India and in global market due to customized solutions supported by well equipped R&D and Application Development Center located at site. A team of 35 scientists and technologists are dedicated for R&D, ADC, and Quality Control. This strength is nearly 15% of total ‘employees working for polymer business. epost regitres vaderar of As LinesBisphenol-Abased resins Modified resins Tetrafunetionalresins Reactivediluents Trifunctionalresins Phenalkamine hardeners Cycloaliphatic epoxy resins ‘Aromatic amine hardeners and theiradducts Epoxy Phenol Novolacs Polyamides and polyamidoamine hardeners, Bisphenol-F resins Cycloaliphaticamine adducts Brominated epoxy resins Carboxylicanhydride hardeners Paint & Coatings Construction Adhesives Power Transmission & Distribution Electronics Aerospace Wind Energy Automotives Sports & Leisure Marine Defence ‘Atul epoxy products are designed to perform in almostall process techniques practiced globally including Filamentwinding Pultusion Resin Infusion (Rl) Resin Transfer Molding (RTM) Prepregging Compression Molding ContactMolding Hand MoldingLapox” offers several epoxy systems for pultrusion and filament winding applications. Suitable epoxy system can be selected as per the process and performance requirements. These systems can be processed with variety of reinforcements at ambient and elevated temperature. The components manufactured with the epoxy systems offer excellent mechanical, electrical, chemical, thermal, and physical properties for various applications. ‘Optimum, ropartion xing Ratio | Mix Viscosity'| —Pot-lfe* Glass, Propert Mixing Ratio |" @ 25°C @urc Transition Tomp (Tg) Recommendations. Unit By weit Ps Minutes = “Test Standard ‘ASTM D 5478 | ASTM D 2471 | _1S011375-2 ARL-135LV/AH-335 | 100:32 500 - 700 50-60 75-85 ARL-135LV/AH-336 | — 100:32 400 - 650 80-100 75-85 | Low viscosity resin system with four ARL-135LV/AH-337 | 100:32 200-300 | 300-380 75-85 | hardeners offering variable pot Iie, ARL-135LV/AH-338 | — 100:32 200-300 | 600-700 75-85 (12 1AH-335 peer) 100:32 | 800-1200 50-60 90-105 Li2/AH-336 (ARL-12) t0092 | 800-1200 | 80-100 90-405 | Higher Tg can be obtained with variable L12/AHn-337 pote, ree 100:32 400-700 | 300-380 90-105 La2/AH-338 fang) 100:32 400-700 | 600-700 90-105 Recommended for very high fc 100:22 | 800-1200 | 90-120 140-155 | glass transition temperature and moderate viscosity wane 100132 | 1500-2500 | 200-300 | 130-140 | Offers tong pot ite with high Tg L12/AH-315 Low viscosity and long pot lfe system (aRL2) 10:32 400-700 7h-sh 85-90 | for manufacture of large components. Offers high Tg. Hogher Productivity due ARL-138 / AH-417 100:30 200-300 | 120-180 100-120 | 10 low initial mix viscosity. Superior wetting of fiber. Recommended for high chemical L421 K-24 (anLagianet7) 10:34 | 3500-5000 | Sh- 10h 145-155 | & abrasion resistance with low visoosity and longer pat life 1+ Brookteid vacoaty 2: Pot te of 100 gma mix (new produ coseOptimum Wie , Pot-life® ‘Glass Properties Mixing Ratio) Viscosty’ | asec | tranaion Temp (Tg) Unit. By weight Ps Minutes: ae >| asmmo [asmo | iso Test Standard ‘5478 2471 11375-2 Recommendations Offers higher production rate due to superior fiber wetting property. Optimum (ARCH-11AH213 AC-13) AARL196 /AH-120 10030 | 300-600 | >an | 115-125. |eurng of th systom devvers excelent tmochenial and clecteal” properles with good surface fish, eee ya) | to0s:1-3 | 500-800 | > an | 130-40. | Recommended for general pupose seni Ieertziaers) | 1009013 | 300-s00 | >ah | 130-140 | Ni proved enema estar serzrmazitets | oosops-a| on-s000 | >a | 100-110. | sandr oytom wth fst racy. fanesotacees7) 10027 | 9000-5000 | >en | 145-155 [Recommended or igh chemical and Lire 1K 66/K19 | yoossi05-2| 1900-2100 | an | 105-185 cine sae Sones (ARON airs 19) | 0091-8 | 2000-3000 | > 8m | 170-188 | rtertute ater optimum cue. aReCisvanraacrs) | 100881-3) + >on) 105-115. |revetadart preperog fancies) 00:24 | 4000-6000 | 23days | 170-180 | Offers very high Ta with long pot fe Aas 40086:1-8 | 200-500 | >sh | 105-118. [recommended for ouldoorappcatons and UV resistance. 1+ Brook vacoaty 2. Pot fe of 100 grea mic ‘Grnaw prouet codeWe offer a wide range of resin systems for manufacture of B staged prepregs and laminates which meet process and performance requirements. Lapox" lamination systems offer good impregnation and compatibility with variety of reinforcements, excellent mechanical strength, high thermal resistance, and variable shelf life of prepregs. Poti Optimum Glass Properties Mixing Ratio i Transition @asrc Temp (Tg) Unit By weight Minutes °c Recommendations Tost Standard - AsTMp2471| 18011375 -2 ‘System delivers stable prepregs after L412) K-10/ K-86 B:staging with a shelf life of up to (ARL-127AH-610/,AC-15) 100:95:1-3 | 6-8 weeks 150-160 | months. Recommended for G = 11 laminates LA2/K-5 . Recommended for prepregs with shorter (ARL12 70H 612) 00:27 man 190-160 | sheiflife for G - 10 and G- 11 laminates. L871 K-66 / K-13 . Recommended for manufacture of B-stage (ARL-t03/AH-323/ac-1a) | 100:23:0.5-3 | 2-3woeks prepregs and there after G-10 laminates. L168 / K-66 / K-13 Recommended for manufacture of B-stage (ARH-14 AH.323 /AC-13) 100:92:1-3 | 2-3 weeks 195-160 | prepregs and there after FR - 4 laminates. Delivers stable B-stage prepregs with L238 /K-10/ K-86 Very high glass transition temperature. (ARPN-35 /AHs10/AC-15) | 100°9240:1-3) 8h 170-185 | Recommended for MICA paper impregnation. L238 / K-86 1003-6 sth tes-1g0 | Recommended for MICA paper (ARP 36 /AC-15) impregnation. 1+ Brooktels vacoaty 2. Pot Hoof 100 gs mic (Grnow produ coseHAND MOLDING RTM AND INFUSION SYSTEMS Lapox” offers an exhaustive product range of epoxy resin systems with variable pot life, cure time, glass transition temperature and physical properties. Suitable for various processes including hand molding RTM andinfusion. The variable pot life of these resin systems make them ideal for manufacturing of small to very large component such as. Wind Turbine Blades. Ourrange includes GL approved epoxy systems for composite applications. HAND MOLDING RTM AND INFUSION SYSTEMS ‘Optimum Properties Mixing Ratio) MM Viscosity | Ce trantition Temp (T3), Recommendations Unit By weight oPs Minutes °C Teal Standard - ‘ASTM D 5476_| ASTM D 247% | ISO 11375.2 ARL1S5LV/AH-332 | 100;32 | 600-800 8-14 80-90 ARLASLV/AH-333 | 100;32 | 600-750 14-20 30-90 ULTaeLV Tanase | toes | eerree } ao Low viscosity systems with variable ARL-135LV /AH-335 ARL-135LV / AH-336 ‘ARL-135LV /AH-337 ARL-135LV /AH-338 200-300, pot life. Recommended for RTM and Resins infusion processes for small to large components such as Wind Turbine Blades 700 - 1200 ‘ARL-135 /AH-337 ‘ARL-135 / AH-338 400 - 600 180-240 Moderate viscosity systems recom- mended for Hand Molding and RTM for small to large components ARL-A35LV/AH-411 | 100:24 300 - 500 600-700 | 125-135 Very low viscosity system with high glass transition temperature. Recom- mended for infusion and Hand Molding. ARL-135LV/AH-422 | 100:35 250-400 90-120 110-120 Fully cured components made using this systems offer long pot lfe and high Tg temperature. Recommended for Hand Molding and Infusion of large components, ARL-143 / AH-330 600 - 1200 ARL-143 / AH-331 600 - 1200 Moderate viscosity bisphenol-A based epoxy resin & two hardeners with varying pot life to suit different processing techniques. Recommended for Hand Molding compents. L852 /K-552 (ARPN-521 AH-412) 600 - 700 220-260 | 130-140 Low viscosity system with high Ta. 2 Pattee 100 gre (now peduct codeLapox’ offers various gel coats and laminating systems for manufacturing of prototypes and molds. Laminating systems are available in variable pot life and viscosity to manufacture small to large molds. Variable pot life of these epoxy ‘systems make them suitable for Hand Molding and Resin Infusion processes. Optimum ixing Ratio| MixViscosity’ | Pot-lfe* Glass Properties Mixing Rati @c @2rc Transition ‘Temp (Tg) Recommendation Unit By weight Ps Minutes: °C Test Standard =| ASTD S478 | ASTD 2471 | 180119752 $73) 651 . Paste General purpose gel coats for al ypes TUE 00:14 fess 25-90 75-05 | Genera purpose ye ‘T-94 K-51 Paste Gel coat with high thermal conductivity) (ART-22 | AH-326) 1006 (Color) 15-20 85-98 and excellent hardness & surface finish, Ge. coat with exceptionally high 7.96 4-51 Paste 100:10 18-20 75-85 | hardness and abrasion resbtance (ar29 90229) (ois coupled with good fish ART 24/51 Paste Colorless gol coat which can be (ART-24 / AH-326) 100:20 (Coloriess) 15-20 95-115 ‘suitably tinted. L6h2 / K-652 100:38 600-700 220 - 260 130-140 | Low viscosity system with high Tg, {ARPN.S2/ AH-412) Very low viscosity system with high ARL-A95LV/AH-A11] 10:24 250 - 400 90-120 425-130 | glass transition temperature. Recom- ‘mended for Infusion and Hand Molding arLv4s/at-s30 | 10025 | 600-1200 10-20 70-80 | Moderate viscosity bisphenol -Abased fpoxy resin & two hardoners with varying pot life to. suit. cifferent processing techniques. Recommended aRLvassatsat | 00:25 | 600-1200 45-60 70-80 | for Hand Molding compents, ‘Standard tooling system with excellent Tg, Suitable to make tools with hand molding and Infusion processes of varying sizes. Suitable to make tools with Hand ARL-138/AH-417 | 10:30 200 - 300 120-180 100-120 | Molding and infusion processes of varying sizes. ARL-138/AH-339 | 10:30 400 - 600 150-180 135-145, Low viscosity system with good Tg ARPN-55/AH-355 | 10:20 . 15-25 100-120. | even at room temperature 7 Offers high Ta for dimensional stability ARL-140/AH-419 | 10:42 400 - 600 360 - 480 190-210 | Yonat igh wmperstares 4. Brookfeldvisosty 2: Botte of 100 ge ix (now product cose ————ti(ité:SLapox” range of adhesives are suitable to join similar and dissimilar substrates for high performance applications, using different processes Properties Mixing Ratio M>iscosity’ | ot te unit By weight oPs Minutes Recommendations Test Standard - ASTM 5478 | ASTMD2471 ASHIK | soo00 | asngo-40000 | 190-160. Sint adhesive stm forges, RAPID&CLEAR | 100100 Thixorape 3-7 | Geeimiarsubstates which cares win 7 mites Rak 88 | open shore asas_Sersamane win toton ropes ASSSUSSS sano | 7son-rasn0o |e. 10_ Seta ast deinen XRAOX88 sono 3000-4000 «25-35 | Spi adhesive used for onl cabot, 4. Brookfald visas (now provet coseEpoxide equivalent ‘The term epoxide equivalent (or epoxy equivalent weight) is defined as the weight of resin in grams which contains one ‘gram equivalent of epoxy. The term epoxy value is also employed and represents the fractional number of epoxy ‘groups contained in 100gms of resin, Two terms are convertible. Dividing the epoxy value into 100 gives the epoxide ‘equivalent Viscosity Viscosity s a measure ofthe resistance of a fluid which is being deformed by either shear stress or extensional stress. Viscosity describes a fluids internal resistance to flow and may be thought of as a measure of fluid friction. Dynamic ‘osily is measured with various types of rheometer. Units: Dynamic viscosity 1 P=0.1 Pa's, 1cP=1mPa's Potlife ‘The period of time during which a thermosetting plastic retains a viscosity low enough to be used in processing or intended use after mixing with a reaction initiating agent usualy hardener or catalyst or both Geltime (Gelation time) ‘The interval of time required fora liquid mixture to become a solid or semisolid jelly or gel. Crosslinking Cross-linking usually involves formation of three dimensional molecular network by bonding of resin & hardener king starts as soon as resin & hardener is mixed depending on the reactivity of system & mixing Bestage ‘An intermediate stage in the reaction of certain thermosetting resins in which the material softens when heated and ‘swells when in contact wth certain liquids, but may not entirely fuse or dissolve. The resin in an uncured thermosetting system, is usually in this stage. Curetime ‘The schedule of time periods at specified temperatures to which a reacting thermosetting plastic is subjected in order to reach certain specified properties. To change the physical properties of an epoxy by chemical reaction through polymerization, usually accomplished in the presence of heat and catalyst, alone orin combination. Postcuring Post curing at certain temperature is required in order to increase cross linking and thus increase mechanical properties of composite. Resin hardener mixture reacts at processing temperature due to which 3 dimensional cross linking happens up to certain extent but not fully. Though mixture is converted to physically hard or solid, ithas not yet achieved its full potential strength. For that post curing a elevated temperature is required for complete conversion of ‘rosslinking and getting high mechanical strength ‘Shrinkage ‘Shrinkage isthe dimensional change that occurs in a material over a stated period ofime. Volume shrinkage is usually ‘expressed as percent change in volume. Linear shrinkage is expressed as the inch change in length, perinch. Glass transition temperature ‘The glass transition temperature (Tg) of a non-crystalline material isthe critical temperature at which the material changes its behavior from being ‘glassy’ to being ‘tubbery’. ‘Glassy’ in this context means hard and brite (and therefore relatively easy to break), while rubbery’ means elastic and flexible Elongation ‘Change in length of specimen when loads applied under tension, bending or any other type. Elasticmodulus Object or substance's tendency to be deformed elastically (e., non-permanently) when a force is applied to it. The ¢lastic modulus of an objectis defined as the slope ofits stress-strain curve inthe elastic deformation region. Modulus ives measure of materials’ stiffness or toughness, Stiffness (Brittle) ‘The stiffness of a Body is a measure ofthe resistance offered by an elastic body to deformation (bending, stretching or compression). Higher the stifiness, higher the britieness of specimen & higher the modulus. Toughness ‘Toughness is the resistance to fracture of a material when stressed. Itis defined as the amount of energy per volume that a material can absorb before rupturing. Toughness can be found by taking the area (i.e. by taking the integral) ‘underneath the stress-strain curve. I's energy per unit volume priorto fracture, ————— Sti‘ COTypes of Resin Special feature Bisphenol-A based resin General purpose basic resin in liquid & solid forms to achieve combination of physical, electrical, mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties Bisphenol-F based resin Relatively low viscosity, high chemical resistance & low crystallization tendency at lower temperature Phenol and Crysol Novolac epoxy resins: Relatively high viscosity, reactivity, thermal stability & chemical resistance Tetrafunctional epoxy resin High heat resistance, glass transition temperature & stiffness Cycloaliphatic epoxy resin Low viscosity and UV resistant Brominated epoxy resin ‘Available in semi solid and solid forms, used for flame retardancy Reactive Diluent modified resin Low viscosity, high elongation and easy processbilty, Rubber (CTEN) modified resin Higher viscosity, fracture toughness & impact resistance Silicone modified resin High heat & thermal shock resistance Fatty acid modified resin High flexibility, low shrinkage & good adhesion properties Polyurethane modified resin High flexibility, low shrinkage & excellent adhesion properties, Epoxy Acrylates Quick curing by UV light for faster production ‘Types of Hardener (curing agents) ‘Special feature Available in liquid & solid forms slow reactivity, elevated temperature curing and ‘Aromatic Amines high performance properties. Available in liquid & solid forms, elevated temperature curing and high anhydrides electrical resistance. Polyamides Liquid, ambient curing, good adhesion, & high flexibility Phenalkamines Liquid, low temperature curing, sea (saline) water resistant with good fim forming character. Available in liquid & solid forms elevated temperature curing, high heat & chemical Phenolics resistant properties. ‘Amino resins Fast curing in presence of accelerators, Mercaptans ‘Ambient curing, quick setting, high elongation. ee