MAJKA IIPMHQA I,IEMA- CPIICKA POEMffiA

Y XAPEMY MEXME,[(A OCBAJA~

AJIEKCAH,lJ.AP <1>OTIIl't

ArrCTpaKT. - lIHqeK-xaT}'H, MajKa npHHua UeMa, no CBeMY cy,n,ehH fiHlla

je POfiHfba rmeMeHHTOr nopeKlla KOjy cy OCMaHllHje yxBaTHlle H3Me~y 1454. H
1458. ro,[Ume npHllHKoM rrOXO,11;a Ha CpncKY ,11;eCnoTOBHHY. 3asplllHlla je y xapeMy
MeXMe,11;a OCBajaqa. AKTHBHO je yqecTBOBaJIa y UeMoBoj fiopfiH 3a npecTO, a nOTOM
y HanopHMa ,11;a ce OH oCllofio,1J;H H3 3apofiJbeHHlllTBa. AHaJIH3HpaHH cy H3BOPH KOjH
CBe,11;Oqe 0 EbeHOM nopeKllY, )f<HBOOY H YTHuajy KOjH je HMaJIa Ha nOllHTHqKe npHllHKe
Ha Me,11;HTepaHY CKpaja XV BeKa.
K!bywle pe'lu: OCMaHcKo ~PCTBO, XV BeK, lJ.HqeK-XaryH, npHHU UeM,
BHTe30BH CPO,11;oca, MaMenyqKH cYllTaHaT.

,l1,a JIIf je HeKIf OCMaHCKIf CYJITaH IfMao cpnCKe KPBIf? To nlfTalbe Hlfje
nOCTaBJbaHO 6e3 OCHOBa. Blflle n03HaTlfX IfCToplforpa.pcKJfX .1l.eJIa HaCTaJIlfX
O.1l. XV .1l.0 XIX BeKa 06aBellTaBajy Hac .1l.a je MeXMe.1l. OCBajalJ BO.1l,JfO nopeKJIO
O.1l. cpncKe nplfHue3e, He YKa3yjYlllf yseK npeUJf3Ho Ha Mapy BpaHKOBlfll. Meljy
ayroplfMa BPMIf IfCTalllf HajYTlfuajHlfje, a TO cy)l(e.ppoa, CaHCOBlfHO, Carpe.1l.o...
TaKaB ce nO.1l.aTaK MOlKe npOHalllf If KO.1l. Hen03HaTor cpnCKor JIeTOnlfcua.
Ha JIereH.1l,y je KOHalJHO CTaBlfO TalJKY TeK <1>paHu Ba6lfHrep, .1l.0Ka3aBlllf .1l.a
je MeXMe.1l.a II Ha CBeT .1l.0HeJIa po6lflba 1f3 xapeMa.! Ta.1l.a je KOHalJHO .1l.aTO If

1 F. Babinger, "Mehmeds II., des Eroberers, Mutter", y: HCTH, Aujsiitze und Abhand­
lungen zur Geschichte Siidosteuropas und der Levante, I, Miinchen: Siidosteuropa-Verlags­
gesellschaft m.b.H, 1962, 158-166; Hcm, "Ein FreibriefMehmeds II., des Eroberers, fUr das
Kloster Hagia Sophia zu Saloniki, Eigentum der Sultanin Mara (1459)", y: ucmo, 97-106 (06a
pa.na cy npBH IIYT ofijaBJbeHa ,11;eUeHHjy paHHje). Te pe3YllTaTe je HeKOJlHKO TO,11;HHa ,11;OUHHje
cpncKOj HaYUH rrpe,11;O"lHO r. Ene30BHh (r. Elle30BHh, "HelllTO lllTO ,11;Oca,11; HHCMO 3HaJIH",
[fcmopucKu '1aconuc V (1954-1955), 85-109). PalBOj llereH,lJ;e liafiHHrep HHje HH rroMeHYo
y qYBeHoj fiHorpacpHjH MeXMe,11;a OCBajaqa, allH je 3aTO ,11;OCTa npocropa nOCBeTHO nereH,1J;H 0
nopeKllY 0,11; je,11;He cppaHIJ;yCKe IIpHHue3e, IIITO je H caM CYllTaH y noqeTKY nO,11;CTH~O (HCTH,
Mex,weo OC6aja'l u 1be2060 006a, HOBH Ca.n: MaTHua cpncKa, 1968, 12-13).0 TOMe KaKO cy
Mapy OCllOBJbaBaJIH MeXMe,11; OCBajaq, ,11;OIJ;HHje liajalHT II H .npym BH,IJ;. B. DOlllKOB, "Mapa
IipaHKoBHh y rypCKHM ,11;oKYMeHTHMa H3 CBeTe rope", Xu.Ha1l0apCKU 360plluK 5 (1983),195­
196, H A. !Pomh, C6ema ropa u XUHG110ap y Oc.MallCKOM l{apcm6JI (XV-XVII6eK), Deorpa,11;:
322 AJIeKCaHJl.ap <l>OTHn

06jaililbelbe ,lJ;a H3pa3 "Moja MajKa", YIl(rrpe6JbeH Y OpHrHHaJIHHM OCMaHCKHM

cPepMaHHMa MeXMe,lJ;a OCBaja'la, He YKa3yje Ha CPO,ll.CTBO, Hero Ha yqmBo
06panalbe C rryHHM rrOiliTOBalbeM.
CprrCKe rrpHHue3e CJIaTe cy Ha OCMaHCKH MOP, IlITO je 6HJIO caCBHM y
cKJIa,lJ;y ca cpe,lJ;IbOBeKoBHHM 06H'lajHMa. CYJITaHH cy y rro'leTKy CKJIarraJIH
rrOJIHTH'lKe 6paKOBe C xpHIlInaHCKHM rrpHHue3aMa (BH3aHTHjcKHM, cprrCKOM,
6yrapcKoM H jOili HeKHM), Kao H C rrpHHue3aMa H3 HeKHX BIDKHHjHX aHa.n.OJICKHX
6emYKa. MeljYTHM, 0,lJ; XV BeKa, rra CBe ,ll.OK CYJIejMaH BeJIH'laHCTBeHH HHje
HarrpaBHO H3Y3eTaK CP06HlbOM POKcenaHOM, IlIepHjaTcKH 6pa'lHH yroBOPH BHIlIe
HHCY CKJIarraHH. CBpxa 6paKOBa CxpHIlInaHCKHM rrpHHue3aMa HJIH cBpxa IbHXOBor
,lJ;OBoljelba Ha ,lJ;BOP 6e3 CKJIarralba 6paKa, HHje 6HJIa y TOMe ,lJ;a ce 06e36e,lJ;H
HaCJIe,lJ;HHK. IIlTaBHIlIe, BenHHa TaKBHX 6paKoBa HHje 6HJIa KOH3YMHpaHa. OHe
rraK rrpHHue3e KOje cy Ha ,lJ;BOP CTHme Kao HeKa BpCTa TaJIaua HHKa,lJ;a HHCY
TPeTHpaHe Kao p06Hlbe H3 xapeMa HHTH cy C IbHMa XmBeJIe. CMHcao TaKBHX
rrOJIHTH'lKHX 'lHHOBa rrpB06HTHO ce cacTOjao y 06e36eljHBalbY caBe3HHiliTBa H
,lJ;06Hja1bY O,lJ;peljeHHx TepHTOpHja, a rrOTOM y rrOTBpljHBaIbY, rapaHUHjH Ba3aJIHOr
CTaTYca. 2 EpaK OJIHBepe, KnepKe KHe3a JIa3apa, H Eaja3HTa I O'lHme,ll.aH je
rrpHMep TaKBe rrOJIHTHKe, Kao IlITO je TO H ,lJ;OUHHje CJIalbe Mape, KnepKe nyplja
EpaHKoBHna, MypaTY II, 6e3 CKJIarralba IlIepHjaTcKor 6paKa.
OCMaHcKH CyJITaHH 06e36eljHBaJIH cy rrOTOMCTBO C p06HlbaMa Koje cy y
xapeM ,ll.OCrreBaJIe Ha Hajpa3JIH'lHTHje Ha'lHHe. Meljy IbHMa je Momo 6HTH H OHHX
cprrcKor rropeKJIa, HapO'lHTO y pa3,lJ;06JbY oCBajalba eBporrcKHX TepHTopHja, aJIH
o TOMe He rrocTOje HHKaKBe BepO,lJ;OCTojHe BeCTH. Y TYPCKOj JIHTeparypH TY H
TaMO ce, 6e3 OCJIOHua Ha H3Bope, HaBO,lJ;H ,lJ;a cy cprrCKor rropeKJIa 6HJIe p06Hlbe
MaXcPHPY3, MajKa OCMaHa II (1618-1622), .n;HJIaIlIy6, MajKa CYJIejMaHa II (1687­
1691), CaJIHXa, MajKa MaxMY,ll.a I (1730-1754), H llIexcYBap, MajKa OCMaHa III
(1754-1757). I10peKJIy TaKBHX rrpH'la TeiliKO je ynH y Tpar. MHore cy HaKHa,lJ;HO
CMHIlIJbaHe rrpeMa Ta.n.a YBpe)KeHHM KJIHIlIeHMa H BepoBalbHMa ,ll.a JIerrOTHue
,lJ;OJIa3e caMO H3 O,lJ;peljeHHx KpajeBa, rra ce Ha TaKBe BeCTH He TPe6a OCJIalbaTH.
llaKo ce HH 3a je,lJ;HOr CYJITaHa He MO)Ke ca CHrypHoiliny TBP,lJ;HTH ,lJ;a je 6HO
cprrCKor rropeKJIa, H3BeCHO je ,lJ;a ce TO MO)Ke peliH 3a ijeMa, rrpHHua, KOjH caMO
360r cTHuaja rrOJIHTH'lKHX OKOJIHOCTH HHje ,ll.OIlIaO Ha rrpecTO. 3a )KHBOTa lberOBor
oua MeXMe,lJ;a OCBaja'la rrpHHUy ijeMY cy, C 063HPOM Ha 06paJOBalbe, KyJITYPY,
aJIH H BojHo-yrrpaBHe crroc06HOCTH, H IlITO je jOili BIDKHHje, yme,ll. KOjH je }?KHBao
y BOjCUH, MHorH ,lJ;aBaJIH rrpe,lJ;HOCT y O,lJ;HOCy Ha lberoBor rrony6paTa EajaJHTa.
llrraK, rro O'leBoj CMPTH, Eaja3HT ce .60Jbe CHaIlIao, rrpH,ll.06HO je jaHH'lape H
06e36e,ll.HO rrpeCTO y IJ;apHrpa.n.y. To IlITO ce ijeM rrpomacHo 3a cYJITaHa Y EYPCH,
rra 'laK H KOBao HOBau ca CBOjHM HMeHOM, OCTaJIO je 6e3 YTHuaja Ha ,ll.aJbH CJIe,ll.

EaJIKaHOJIOillKfI flHCTH'ryT CAHY, MaHacTHp XflJIaH):J.ap, CBeTH apxfljepejcKfI CflHO)l, CpncKe

npaBOCJIaBHe upKBe, 2000, 184-188.
2 0 TOj BpCTH nOJIflTflKe BH):J.. L. P. Peirce, The Imperial Harem. Women and Sovereig­

nity in the Ottoman Empire, New York Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993,28-56; C.
Imber, The Ottoman Empire 1300-1650. The Structure ofPower, Houndmills, Basingstoke:
Palgrave Macmillan, 2002, 87-96.
MajKa npHHua I,leMa cpncKa p06HIM y xapeMy MeXMeJl:a OCBajaqa 323

,n:oragaja. Y ,n:HpeKTHOM cYK06y ,n:Be BojcKe KO,n: JeHHmeXHpa 1481. ro,n:HHe, 1)eM
je noryqeH. To je 6HO npeJIOMHH MOMeHaT y H>eroBoM )KHBOTY. Hape,n:HH nOKYmaj
,n:a OCBOjH BJIaCT ,n:OBeo ra je y jom Te)KH nOJIo)Kaj. IIocTajao je CBe 3aBHcHHjH
o,n: ,n:pymx, ,n:OK HanOCJIeTKY HHje npeTBopeH y npe,n:MeT H>HXOBe nOJIHTHqKe
TprOBHHe. Y 3aTOqeHHmTBY je H npeMHHyo, y TpH.D:eCeT neTOj ro,n:HHH, cJIa6
yCJIe,n: 60JIecTH HJIH MO)K.IJ:a qaK OTpOBaH. 3
HecpenHa cy,n:6HHa npHHn;a 1)eMa npenyHa je 3aHHMJbHBHX 06pTa,
aBaHTYPHCTHqKHX nOTe3a H CKpHBeHHx nOJIHTHqKHX Hrapa, qHjH cy ce KOHn;H
npellJIHTaJIH no qHTaBOM Me,n:HTepauy, o,n: MCTaH6YJIa, npeKo Po,n:oca, KaHpa H
BaTHKaHa, CBe )1.0 jY)l{He <l>paH:U:YCKe. Ta TeMa je O)J.yBeK 3aHHMaJIa H HCTopuqape
H pOMaHOnHCn;e. IIOTOH>H cy, ,n:ajynH MamTH Ha BOJbY, mHpHJIH pOMaHTHquy
CJIHKY 0 npaBOM nycTOJIOBHOM peHecaHCHOM npHH:U:Y, 06,n:apeHOM rrHc:u:y, npH
TOM MYCJIHMauy, qeCTO 3aMarJbyjyhH HCTOpHjcKe qHH>eHHn;e. PeTKH cy OHH KOjH
cy, nonyT MBa AH.D:pHna, BH.D:eJIH ~ cTpauy )KHBOTa HecpenHor H YCaMJbeHOr
MJIa,n:or qOBeKa mTO je TpeliHUY )KHBOTa npoBeo Kao TaJIan;, H30JIOBaH, no,n: jaKoM
CTpa)KOM, 6e3 063Hpa Ha qHH>eHHn;y ,n:a cy My KaTKa,n: H nana H q.aH:U:YCKH KPaJb
YKa3HBMH BJIa)1.apCKe nOqaCTH. 4
KOJIHKO ce MO)Ke BepOBaTH BeCTHMa )1.a je MajKa CYJITaHa 1)eMa, y xapeMY
Ha3BaHa QHqeK-XaTYH, cpnCKor pO)1.a, H TO KHe)KeBCKOr nopeKJIa? Matrem,
inclyta regum Servire famillia natam, 3a6eJIe)KHO je fHjOM KaypceH (Guillaume
Caoursin), CeKpeTap BHTe30Ba pe)1.a CB. JOBaHa ca PO)1.0ca, qOBeK KOjH je, C
063HPOM Ha q.YHK:QHjy, H3BaHpe,lJ.H0 n03HaBao nOJIHTHqKe npHJIHKe Ha JIeBaHTY
H KOjH je, Tpe6a TO HarnaCHTH, pa3roBapao C 1)eMOM. 5 KaypceHa je npOCJIaBHO
OITHC HeycrreJIe onca,n:e Po,n:oca 1480, npeBe)1.eH Ha MHOre je3HKe H mTaMnaH Ben
Hape,lJ.He ro,lJ.HHe mHpOM 3ana,n:He EBpone. lberoB MeMoapCKO-HCTopHorpaq.CKH
onyc qHHe, nope,n: nOMeUYTOr cnHCa, onHCH PO)1.0ca, npeHoca MOmTHjy CBeTor
JOBaHa KpCTHTeJba H3 IJ;apHrpa,n:a Ha PO)1.0C, YJ6YAJbHB onHC 3eMJbOTpeca 1481,

3 OCHOSHH nOJJ:aQH 0 npHHQY I,leMY, YKJ1)yqyjyl'm H nHTeparypy Jl:O 1959, MOry ce

npoHanM y: H. inalclk, "Djem", The Encyclopaedia ofIslam, CD-ROM Edition v. 1.0, Konin­
klijke Brill NV, Leiden, 1999. HajnomYHMja I,leMoBa 6Morpaqmja jOlll YBeK je oHa JI. TMjaHa
(L. Thuasne, Djem-Sultan. Fils de Mohammed II,frere du Bayezid II (1459-1495) d'apres les
documents originaux en grande partie imMits. Etude sur la question d'Orient lafin a au XVe
sii~cle. Paris: Ernest Leroux editeur, 1892). HOBMjM nomeJl: Ha IlOJIHTMqKe Hrpe Tor Jl:06a HYJl:M
H. inalclk, "A Case Study in Renaissance Diplomacy: The Aggrement between Innocent VIII
and Bayezid II regarding Djem Sultan", y: MCTM, The Middle East am! the Balkans under the
Ottoman Empire. Essays on Economy and Society, Bloomington: Indiana University Turkish
Studies, 1993,342-368. CaspeMeHe M3BOpe 0 'lKMBoTy npHHua I,leMa, oCMaHcKY 6Morpa(jmjy
(1514) HJl:eJIose cnMca r. KaypceHa (1496), npalieHe M3BaHpeJl:HO SpeJl:HMM KOMeHTapMMa H
YBOJl:HOM CTy.ll.MjOM, o6jasHo je H. BaTeH (N. Vatin, Sultan Djem. Un prince ottoman dans
au
I 'Europe X1'e siecle d'apres deux sources contemporaines: Vilki'ilt-i Sultan Cern, (Euvres
de Guillaume Caoursin, Ankara: TTK, 1997).
4 H. AHnPHfl, npo/G~ema a611uja, HOSM Ca.n;: MaTMQa cpncKa, 1954 (npso M3Jl:aIbe).
BM.!l:. aHaJIMlY HeKOJIMKO KIbM'lKeSHHX Jl:ena qMja je TeMa cYJITaH I,leM: N. Taglzade-Karaca,
"BahlI Dr; Eserde 'Romantik Kurbam' Cern Sultan" Bilig 36 (KI~ 2006),167-186.
5 Vatin, 15,301.
324 ArreKCaH)l,ap <l>OTHfi

HeKOJlHKO JlY)KHX Bpe)J,HHX cnHca 0 UeMY H O)J,HOCY C Baja3HTOM, H jOlII HeKH

MafbH TeCTOBH. IJ,eJlOKYnHa KaypceHoBa .lleJla npBH nYT cy lIITaMnaHa y YJlMY
Ben 1496. ro.llHHe. 6
KaypceHoB nO)J,aTaK HajpaHHjH je H HajnoY3)J,aHHjH H3BOp. lha Te BeCTH,
npHTOM, He CTOjH HHKaKaB npen03HaTJhHB nOJlHTHqKH MOTHB. Y npHJlOr fberoBoj
TBp)J,fbH rOBopH jOlII .ie.llHa qHfbeHHIJ,a, Ma)J.a ce OHa He MO)l(e npHXBaTHTH Kao
.llOKa3. l:I3BecHH HCMaHJl-6er, CJlyra IIoPTe H Baja3HTOB nOY3)J,aHHK, npeTxo)J,Ho
y )J,HnJlOMaTcKoj MHCHjH KO.ll JIopeHIJ,a )J,e Me)J,HqHja, Her.lle KpajeM 1486. HJlH
nOqeTKOM Hape)J,He ro)J,HHe nOCJlao je CPO)J,oca BeJlHKOM Be3Hpy TajHY nopYKY Ha
"cpncKoM je3HKY" (Slrpt;a bir kiigzt ugrulaym yazdzm). C 063HPOM Ha 6POjHOCT
cpncKor p06Jha Ha IIopTH THX )J,eIJ,eHHja, n03HaBafbe cpncKor je3HKa HHje 6HJlO
HHMaJIO Heyo6HqajeHo. HnaK, je)J,Ho nHCMO ynyneHo Baja3HTY II 1483. ro)J,HHe
caCBHM jacHo rOBopH 0 TOMe 3alIITO je HCMaHJl TaKO )J,06po 3Hao cpnCKH. IIaoJlo
.lla KOJle, ayrop TOr nHCMa, qmpeHTHHCKH TProBaIJ, H lIInHjYH KOjH je Pa)J.HO 3a CBe
CTpaHe, na H 3a qHqeK-xaTYH, TBP)J,H )J,a je HCMaHJl "pol)aK UeMOBe MajKe" (el
quale disse essere parente della madre di Giemme).1
Y UeMoBoj CBHTH 3HaqajHo MeCTO 3aY3HMao je ).l;ajH MH-6er, fberOB yjaK,
6paT qHqeK-xaTYH. UeM ra je 1482. ro)J,HHe nOCJlao y nOBepJhHBY MHcHjy CBOM
KJhYlfHOM caBe3HHKY KacHM-6ery, npeTeH)J.eHTY Ha KapaMaHcKH npecTo. s
AKO Y3MeMo y 063HP 3Haqaj MHcHja H nHCMO, caCBHM je BepoBaTHo .lla
UeMoB yjaK ).l;ajH AJlH-6er H pol)aK HCMaHJl-6er HHCY 6e3HaqajHor nopeKJIa H )J,a
cy 6HJlH cpnCKH KOHBePTHTH. Cnoco6HoCTH H )J,eJlOBafbe qHqeK-xaTYH nOTnYHO
cy y CKJIa)J.y CTOM npeTnOCTaBKOM.
KaypceHOB nO.llaTaK .D.Ym je 6HO npHxsaneH y HaYIJ,H. J03e.p .pOH XaMep ra
je npey3eo He H3pa3HBlIIH HHKaKBY CYMfbY y fberosy BepO.llOcTOjHOCT (Dschem,
ne d'une mere servienne),9 BHlIIe O)J, CTO ro.llHHa aKTYeJlHa, fberoBa Hcmopuja
OCMancKo2 lfapcm6a yMHoroMe je )J,onpHHeJla .llaJheM lIIHpefby TOr HaBO.lla.
).l;pym HCTOpHqap KOjH je 3HaTHO )J,onpHHeo npHxBaTafbY KaypceHoBor nO)J,aTKa
jecTe JIyj THjaH, nHCaIJ, HayqHe 6Horpa.pHje npHHIJ,a UeMa, H )J,aHac Haj60Jhe,
HaKO je H3alIIJla )J,aJIeKe 1892. rO.llHHe. OH je BeCT npey3eo 6e3 pe3epBe, )J,o)J,ajynH
)J,a caBpeMeHH HCTOpHqapH nYTe 0 OKOJIHOCTHMa no.ll KojHMa je MajKa npHHua
UeMa CTHrna y xapeM. IIpeTIIOCTaBHO je )J,a je 3ap06JheHa npHJlHKOM HeKor O.ll
npo)J,opa TypCKHX TPyna y Cp6Hjy H )J,a jy je MeXMe)J, OCBajaq, ,,3aBe)J,eH KOJlHKO
fbeHOM JlenOTOM TOJlHKO H )J.yXOM", H3)J,BojHO O)J, OCTaJIHX H yqHHHO CBOjOM
MHJheHHUOM. 1O

6 Vatin, 89-96.
7 Vatin, IS, 144-145; i. H. Uzun9a~1l1, "Cern Sultan'a dair Be~ Orijinal Vesika", Be­
lleten XXIV, 95 (1960), 462, 476; F. Babinger, Spatmittelalterlichefrankische Brieftchaften
aus dem grosherrlichen Seraj zu Stambul, Munchen: Verlag R. Oldenbourg, 1963,30-36; 1.
Lefort, Documents grecs dans les Archives de Topkapi Sarayi. Contribution a l'histoire de
Cern Sultan, Ankara: TTK, 1981,62-64.
S Vatin, IS, 144-145.

9 Hammer, Histoire de I' Empire Ottoman, I, Paris, 1844 (.npyro H3)l,aH>e), 360.
10 Thuasne, 2.
MajKa npHHIl,a ijeMa - cpnCKa p06HIM y xapeMy MexMe,ll,a Ocsajaqa 325

BecTH 0 nopeKJIy MajKe npHHua l,IeMa nponmpHJIe cy ce H KO,ll Hac Ka,lla

je I1B0 AH,llpHn, HeCYMIbHBO yn03HaT C nOMeHYTOM llHTepaTYPOM, y JIpoKllemoj
a611uju HamaCHO ,lla je ,,6HJIa O,ll KHe)l(eBCKOr pO,lla H3 Cp6Hje." II
qYBeHH <l>paHU Ea6HHrep, nOTOM je, He H3HocenH HayqHe pa:more,
O,ll6aUHO OBY BeCT ("He MO)l(e ce ,llOKa3aTH ,lla llH je IberOBa MajKa, KaKO ce
,lloca,lla CKOPO YBeK TBP,llHJIO, 6HJIa cpnCKa npHHue3a"). .l1.0,llao je KaKO je Ha
OCHOBY Bep0,llOCTojHHX H3Bopa ,llOKa3aHO ,lla je OHa "MYCllHMaHKa C TYPCKHM
HMeHOM qHqeK-xaTYH".12 To HHKO HHKa,lla HHje HH cnopHo, allH ce Ha OCHOBY THX
nO,llaTaKa HHKaKO He MO)l(e TBp,llHTH ,lla je qHqeK-xaTYH 6Hlla TYPCKor nopeKJIa.
l:beroBo HenOTKpeIIJbeHO MHrnJbeIbe HHCY npHXBaTHJIH HH XallHll IiHalll,IHK HH
HHKolla BaTeH, HCTOpHqapH KOjH cy y HOBHje BpeMe ,lleTaJbHHje npoyqaBallH
l,IeMoBY nOllHTHqKY Yllory.13
HayUH je O,llaBHO n03HaTa TBp,llIba yrapcKor KPaJba MaTHje KopBHHa ,lla je
l,IeM "CHH je,llHe IberOBe poljaKe". Y OBOM cllyqajy MOTHB je OqHme,llaH: Tpe6allo
je y6e,llHTH QlpaHUYCKor KpaJba,lla npe,lla l,IeMa, KaKO 6H ce llaKrne opraHH30Bao
KpCTarnKH nOXO,ll npOTHB OCMaHllHja. 14
OKOllHOCTHHac OqHme,llHO ynynyjy Ha TO ,lla ce ,llP)l(HMO KaypceHoBor
Tpara. IinaK, qwqeK-xaTYH rOTOBO caCBHM CHryPHO HHje Moma npHna,llaTH
cpncKoj Blla,llapcKoj nOpO,llHUH, KaKO je OH TO 3anHcao. TaKBa npeTepHBaIba HHCY
6Hlla peTKa HBpllO ce llaKO MOry 06jacHHTH -l,IeM je )l(elleO ,lla HCTaKHe Blla,llapCKO
nopeKJIO H no MajqHHoj llMHHjM. .l1.a je 3aHCTa 6Hlla Blla,llapCKOr nopeKJIa He 6H
3aBprnHJIa Kao 06HqHa p06MIba y xapeMy. Ka,lla je CTHma y <l>aTMxoB xapeM?
MeXMe,ll II je Ha BllaCT ,llornao 1451, allH je ,lleCnOTOBa ,llp)l(aBa npomarneHa
nOnpHlliTeM pam TeK O,ll lleTa 1454. ro,llHHe. ll03HaT je H TaqaH ,llaTYM l,IeMoBor
poljeIba y Je,llpeHY 22. ,lleueM6ap 1459. ro,llHHe. THMe je O,llpeljeH BpeMeHcKH
pacnoH y KojeM je p06HIba, ,llOUHHje Ha3BaHa qHqeK (UBeT), Moma 6MTH ,llOBe,lleHa
y capaj.'5
OBOM npHJIHKOM Mopa ce HamaCHTH ,llaje 1454. M 1455. ro,llHHe, y BpeMe
nOXO,lla Ha CpncKY ,lleCnOToBHHY, H3 Ibe O,llBe,lleHO H3Y3eTHo MHOro 3ap06JbeHOr
Hap0,lla. O,llaBHO n03HaTe BeCTM OqeBHua KOHCTaHTHHa MMXaHJIOBHna nOTBpljeHe
cy nO,llaUHMa H3 CHl,IHJIa Ka,llHje Eypce. CaMo TOKOM nOMeHYTe ,llBe ro,llMHe
perHcTPoBaHo je 119 TpaHcaKUHja qHjH cy npe,llMeT 6HJIH p060BH nOpeKJIOM
H3 Cp6Hje (Laz iii), y3 jorn 57 Koje cy ce O,llHOCHJIe Ha po6Jbe H3 EocHe. To
je y6e,llJbHBO HajBenH 6poj y O,llHOCY Ha CBe ,llpyre KpajeBe H3 KOjHX je po6Jbe
CTH3aJIO (YKYnHO OKO 500). Ii ,lleCeTaK rO,llHHa ,llOUHHje, 1465/66, Ha HCTOM cY,lly

11 AH,ll,pHn, 59. .
12 Iia6HHrep, MeXMeo Oceaja'l, 148,374.
13 inalcIk, "Djem"; Vatin, 15.

14 Thuasne, 2. 0 HanopHMa Mamje KopBHHa ,ll,a ,ll,06lfje UeMa, Blf.U. inalclk, "'A Case

Study in Renaissance Diplomacy", 346-348.

15 inalclk, "Djem"; M. CnpeMlfn, J. KaJJHn, "MeXMe,ll, II Ocsajaq If Cp6Ifja", y:
Hcmopuja cpncKo2 Hapooa II, yp. J. Karmn, Iieorpa,1l: CK3, 1982, 289-302; M. CnpeMlfn,
"IIponacT Cpe,ll,lbeBeKOBHe ,ll,p:lKaBe", 303-313; M. CnpeMlfn,l(ecnom 1Jypalj EpaHKoeun u
fbe2oeo oo6a, Iieorpa,!l,: Clio, 1999,492-505, 559-570, 609--630.
326 ArreKcaH)J;ap Cl>ondi

pemCTpOBaHO je 48 TpaHcaKU;Hja Y Be3H C p060BHMa rrOpeKJIOM H3 Cp6Hje. Ta~a

cy 3aY3HMaJIH ~pyro MeCTO, O~Max Hcrro~ EocaHau;a (58), qHHenH H ~a.rr,e rOTOBO
qeTBpTHHy YKYrrHor 6poja y6eJIe)l(eHHX p060Ba. 16
KaKaB je 6HO ~a.rr,H )l(HBOTHH rryT qHqeK-xaryH? OHa je HeCYMIbHBO
6HJIa y3 CHHa ~O lberoBe ~eceTe ro~HHe.· HajBepoBaTHHje je HIIIJIa C IbHM H Y
KacTaMoHY, Ka~aje, cpe~HHoMjaHYapa 1469. rO~HHe, HaHMeHOBaH 3a TaMOIlIlber
CaHI,IaK-6era, KaKO 6H ce, rrpeMa Ta~aIlIIbHM 06HqajHMa, yqHO BJla~alby. IIocJIe
HerrYHe ~Be ro~HHe (1470171) BpaneH je y rrpecToHHU;y ~a 6H ce 06aBHJIa CBeqaHa
u;epeMoHHja 06pe3HBalba. Ka~a je lberoB OTau; KpeHyo Ha Y3YH-XacaHa, UeM je
OCTao y Je~peHY ~a qYBa PYMeJIHjy. IIoy3~aHo ce 3Ha ~aje MajKa 6HJIa C IbHM H Y
KOIbH Ka~aje ~eu;eM6pa 1474. rO~HHe rrOCTaBJbeH 3a CaHI,IaK-6era KapaMaHa. Ty
je CaqeKaJIa H HCXO~ UeMoBor HeycrreJIor rroKYIIIaja ~a ce HaMeTHe 3a cYJITaHa.
Y )l(yp6H, CBera rreT ~aHa rrOCJIe rropa3a KO~ JeHHIIIexHpa 20. jYHa 1481. rO~HHe,
UeMje C xapeMoM, MajKoM, 6JIH)I(OM pO~6HHOM H BeJIHKOM rrpaTlboM o~ HeKOJIHKO
XHJba~a Jb y~H KpeHYo H3 KOlbe Ka Tapcycy, TMa y MaMeJIyqKoM rroce~. Y3 MHOro
Harrop a, KapaBaH je rrOCJIe BHIIIe O~ ~Ba Meceu;a CTHrao y KaHpO. Ha TOM rryry
HeKa TeIlIKa 60JIeCT rroTrryHo je HCu;prreJIa UeMa H qHqeK-xaTYH. MaMeJIyqKH
cYJITaH KajHT-6ej rrpHpe~Ho HM je 25. cerrTeM6pa BeJIHqaHCTBeH ~OqeK, ~OqeK
KaKaB 6H rrpHJIHqHO BJIa~apy.
He qeKajynH ~ro, UeM je C MajKoM H xapeMoM KpeHYo Ha xaI,IMJIYK. Y
MeKH cy rrpOBeJIH qHTaBHX Meceu; ~aHa. Taj qHH OqHrJIe~HO je HMao H CBOjy
~06po oCMHIIIJbeHY rrOJIHTHqKY ~HMeH3Hjy. Tpe6aJIo je yqBpCTHTH UeMoB yrJIe~
y HCJIaMCKOM cBery. 3aTO ce y UeMoBoj rrpaTIbH HaJIa3HO H ~apOBHT rrHcau;. Y
lberOBOM ~eJIY, aJIH H Y je~Hoj MaMeJIyqKoj XpOHHU;H, UeMOB 60paBaK y MeKH
orrHcaH je Kao rrpaBH CrreKTaKJI, rrpaneH BJla~apCKHM CBeqaHOCTHMa. TeIlIKO
je rrOMHCJIHTH ~a je je~aH ~Ba~eceTorO~HIIIlbaK Morao TaKO ~aJIeKOCe)l(HO
rrOJIHTHqKH MHCJIHTH 6e3 ~06PHX CaBeTHHKa y CBOjOj rrpaTIbH, a Me~y IbHMa Ha
Ba)l(HO MeCTO MopaMO CTaBHTH H qHqeK-xaryH. IIoHOBHH rroKYIIIaj oCBajalba
BJIaCTH y AHa~OJIHjH, y3 rro~pIlIKY MaMeJIyqKOr cYJITaHa H rrOTOMKa Her~aIlIIbHX
KapaMaHcKHx BJIa~apa, KacHM-6era, y JIeTO 1482. rO~HHe, rrpoIlIao je HeCJIaBHO.
UeM je, ca CBera TpH~eceTaK rrpaTHJIau;a, H36erao Ha Po~oc 30. jYJIa 1482.
ro~HHe. MajKa H xapeM y3aJIy~ cy ra qeKaJIH y KaHpy.
O~ TMa UeM BHIIIe HHje caM yrrpaBJbaO CBOjOM Cy~6HHOM. ffieroBo
rrpeMeIlITalbe H3 je~HHx pyKy y ~pyre, CTaJIHO ceJbelbe H 6e3ycrreIlIHH rrOKYIIIajH

16 KOHCTaHTHH MHXaHJIOBHll H3 OCTpOBHI.(e, Jal-IU'lap06e ycnoMelle UJ/U mypcl<.a

XpOIIUl<.a, oeorpa.a.: IIpocBeTa - CK3, 1986, 12~ 123; CrrpeMHll, KaJIHll, 298; H. Sahilliog1u,
"Slaves in the Social and Economic Life of Bursa in the Late 15 th and Early 16th Century",
Turcica XVII (1985), 66, 98-99. HaBe)J,eHe TpaHCaKl.(Hje rro)J,pa3)'MeBajy KYrrorrpo)J,ajy, 6er,
aJIH H pa3He BpcTe oCJI06a1:jaIha, IIITO 3HaqH )J,a Ha OBe rro)J,aTKe He Tpe6a rJIe)J,aTH Kao Ha
perHCTap HOBorrpHCTHrJIHX po60Ba. TaKOlje, rrHTaIhe eTHHqKOr rropeKJIa oCTaje oTBopeHo,
6Y)J,YllH )J,a ce HaBO)J,H o)J,Hoce Ha )J,p)l(aBY HJIH 06JIacT. OHJIa 6H UITeTa He HaBeCTH OB)J,e H
rrO)J,aTKe H3 OCTaJIHX CHuHJIa. KaKo ce rr030pHHl.(a paTOBa rrOMepaJIa, TaKO ce H 6poj po60Ba
cprrCKor rropeKJIa CMaIhHBao: 1472. rD)J,HHe 18, 1479. rD)J,HHe rreT, 1484. ro)J,HHe 25, a rrOTOM
ce )J,paCTHqHO cMaIhyje, 1489. H 1511/12. CBera rro TpH (Sahilliog1u, 66, 1O~104).
MajKa npllHll,a l,IeMa - cpnCKa po6l1lba y xapeMy MeXMe.L\a OCBajaqa 327

)la ce OCJI060)lH, O)laBHO cy rr03HaTH. To HHje rrpeKHHYJIO ijeMoBe KOHTaKTe c

MajKoM. OHa ce rrOKa3aJIa KaO BPJIO aKTHBaH cy.ueOHHK y u;eJIOM crrJIeTY YOqJl>HBHX
rrOJIHTHqKHX Hrapa, aJIH H Y Hepa3MpCHBOM KJIYrrKY )l06po CKpHBaHHX rrOTe3a
KOjH cy rrpaTHJIH ijeMoB Herrpe)lBH)lHBH >KHBOT.
MajKa H CHH KOPHCTHJIH cy cBaKY rrpHJIHKY )la pa3MeHe rrHCMa. 0 TOMe
CBe)lOqe MHorH TParoBH. Ca ijeMoM ce BHgao rrOMeHYTH IlaoJIo )la KOJIe,
qmpeHTHHCKH TPrOBau; H areHT pa3HHX )lBOpOBa, KOjH MY je H3 KaHpa 1484.
ro)lHHe )lOHeO )lHBaH rrpHMepaK EepJIHHmjepHjeBe TeozpafjJuje C rrOCBeTOM
aYTopa. )l,pyror TProBll,a, HHKOny H3 HHK03Hje, BeHell,HjaHWf cy HCTe ro)lHHe
3a)lp>KaJIH y MO)lOHY Y3eBmH MY HeKOJIHKO rrHcaMa. rO)lHHY )laHa )lOU;HHje, orreT
cy BeHell,HjaHU;H YXBaTHJIH je)lHOr ijeMoBor cnyry ca qeTHpH rrHCMa HaMelbeHa
Majll,H. Bp>Ke-60Jl>e rrpe)laJIH cy HX Baja3HTY, 6Y)lYl"iH )la cy y MHPy ca OCMaHCKHM
ll,apCTBOM rrperr03HaBaJIH CBOj rrpBH HHTepec. Il03HaTO je H TO )la cy 1487. rO)lHHe
KajHT-6ej H qHqeK-XaTYH )lBa rrYTa CJIaJIH cBoje Jl>Y)le ijeMY. HeKa O)l rrHcaMa
caqyBaHa cy H y APXHBY TorrKarrH capaja.
qHqeK-XaTYH je BpJIO )l06po 3HaJIa )la )l0 cHrypHe rrpHJIHKe 3a ijeMoBo
H36aBJI>elbe MO>Ke )lOliH caMO aKO cBoje )leJIOBalbe yCKJIa)lH ca HHTepeCHMa
MaMenyqKor CYJITaHa KajHT-6eja, qHje je rocTOrrpHMCTBO Y>KHBaJIa. ijeM je
Eaja3HTY Bpe)leO qHTaBHX 45.000 .lJYKaTa rO)lHmlbe, mTO je )lOll,HHje, Ka)la je
oBaj rrpemao y rrarrHHe pYKe, CrrymTeHO Ha 40.000.0 TOMe KOJIHKO je YJIor 6HO
BHCOK, roBOPH H Baja3HTOBa rroHY)la)la $paHIJ;yCKOM KpaJl>y rrpe)la JepyCaJIHM,
Ka)la ra 6Y)le OCBOjHO. 3aTO je 6HJIO MaJIO BepOBaTHO )la je)lHOKpaTHa cYMa O)l
100.000 3JIaTHHKa KOjy je KajHT-6ej 1487. rrOHy)lHO rrpeKo CBor aM6aca)lopa,
Y3 rrOCpe)lcTBO nOpeHll,a )le Me)lHqHja MO>Ke 3a)lOBOJl>HTH $paHU;YCKor KpaJl>a.
IlpeMa H3BemTajHMa Eaja3HTOBHX )loymHHKa caqyBaHHM y APXHBY TorrKarrH
capaja, qHqeK-xaTYH je THX ro)lHHa HerrpeCTaHO rrpHTHCKaJIa KajHT-6eja )la joj
OCJI060)lH CHHa. YMemao ce H yrapcKH KpaJl> MaTHja KOPBHH, rrO)lH>KYl"iH u;eHY
Ha 200.000 )lyKaTa. YCJIe)lHO je qaK H rrOJIHTHqKH qy)lHOBaT rrpe)lJIor, ca CYMOM
TOJIHKO BHCOKOM )la je TemKO rrOBepOBaTH KaKO 6H 3aHCTa 6HJIa HcrrJIalieHa.
MaTHja KOPBHH je y HMe KajHT-6eja rrOHY)lHO HeBepOBaTHHX 600.000 3JIaTHHKa,
y3 jom 60.000 rroce6Ho O)l qHqeK-XaTYH. Ka)la je ijeM rrpemao y rrarrHHe pYKe,
1489. ro)lHHe, rrOqeTHa u;eHa 6HJIa je 200.000 )lyKaTa. MegYTHM, rrarra je y6p30
CXB3THO )la je ijeM MHOro Bpe)lHHjH. H>eroB rrOCJIaHHK <l>HJIHrr )la KaHoBa rrOCJIaT
je Te ro)lHHe y KaHpo c ijeMOBHM CnyroM. To )la je H rrarra cMaTPao qHqeK-xaryH
H3Y3eTHO Ba>KHHM qHHHOu;eM rrperoBopa rrOKa3yje H qHlbeHHu;a )la je KaHoBa,
rrOCJIe ay)lHjeHU;Hje KO)l KajHT-6eja, Iboj YKa3aO rroce6HY rrOqaCT rrpHxBaTHBmH
rr03HB 3a rroBepJl>HB Pa3roBOp. PO)lOCKH BHTe30BH 3HaJIH cy MajqHHY >KeJl>Y )lo6po
)la HCKopHCTe. BeJIHKH MajcTOp )l,'06HCOH H3HY)lHO je 20.000 )lyKaTa O)l qHqeK­
-xaTYH, To6o>Ke)la 6H orrpeMHO je)lHY raJIHjy Koja 6H ijeMa )lOBeJIa y KaHpo.
IlpHHU; ijeMje yMpO 25. $e6pyapa 1495. OCTaBHo je TeCTaMeHT YKojeMje
3aMOJIHO 6paTa ~a3HTa)la ra caxpaHH y )lOMOBHHH H )la ce rro6pHHe )la lberOBa
MajKa, KliepKa, H OCTaJIH pO~all,H H rrocnyra 6Y)lY )lOCTOjHO 36pHHYTH, jep OH
HHKa)la HHje CTao Ha qeJIO KpCTamKe BojcKe rrpOTHB Ibera.
328 ArIeKCaH)lap <l>OTHn

qHqeK-XaTYH je Ha,ruKHBeJIa CHHa. YMpJIa je y KaHpy TOKOM enHAeMHje

Kyre 1497/98. roAHHe. 17
CYJITaH Eaja3HT HCnyHHO je CBe I,IeMoBe )KeJbe Koje cy OAfOBapaJIe
TaAallIEbHM nOJIHTHqKHM 06HqajHMa. IToCJIe AyrHx nperoBopa, qerHpH roAHHe
no npH~eBoj CMPTH, OJIOBHH KOBqer C EberoBHM nOCMpTHHM OCTaUHMa Haj3aA
je cmrao y Eypcy. I,IeM je caXpaEbeH 1499. roAHHe y ryp6ery KOA MypaAHje
I,IaMHje, nopeA 6pane MycTacpe, A6AYJIaxa H AJIeMllIaxa. 18
KaKBa je 6HJIa cYA6HHa EberoBHX nOTOMaKa? To cy H nOCJIe I,IeMoBe
CMpTH 6HJIe 3aHHMJbHBe BeCTH, HapoqHTO 3a BeHeUHjy. CaHYAO HX je y CBOjHM
,lI,fle6f1Ul/UMa npaTHo qaK AO 1522. roAHHe. MYllIKH nOTOMUH MOPaJIH cy Aa 6my
CMaKHYTH,jep je TaKaB 06wIaj BJIaAao y caMOM U.apHrp~. HH I,IeM HHje MHCJIHO
APyraqHje, jep CHHOBe HHje nOMeHYO y TecTaMemy. llIex3aAe Ory3, npHHqeB
rporOAHllIEbH CHH, KOjH je HrpOM cJIyqaja OCTao y U.apHrp~, y TajHocTH je
YAaBJbeH jOllI AeueM6pa 1482. rOAHHe. OCTaJIH cy cmmH 6e36eAHo y KaHpO. 0
AJIHjy, ApyrOM I,IeMoBoM CHHY, nocTOje BeCTH y jeAHoj MaMeJIyqKoj XpOHHUH.
ffieroBa )KeHH)l6a je npOCJIaBJbeHa Maja 1490, HCToBpeMeHo ca )KeHHA60M KajHT­
-6ejoBor CHHa MaxMY));a. HH OH HHje H~HBeo oua - yMpO je cemeM6pa 1492.
ro));HHe. ITo I,IeMoBoj CMpTH Eaja3HT je BHllIe nyra TPa)KHO 0)); KajHT-6eja Aa MY
nOllIaJbe je));HHOr npeOCTaJIOr CHHa, MypaTa. OBaj ce ynJIallIHO Moryne TproBHHe
na je TOKOM 1502. HJIM HellITO KacHHje, norpa)KHO 3allITHTY Ha PO));ocy. ITO)KHBeO
je TOJIHKO ));a BH));H KaKO CYJIejMaH BeJIHqaHCTBeHH oCBaja OCrpBO. YXBaneH je
Ben 27. ));eueM6pa 1522. ro));HHe. Y6HjeHH cy H OH H EberoB CHH. TaKo je OKOHqaHa
I,IeMoBa JI03a no MYllIKOj JIHHHjH.
MCTa nOJIHTHKa HHje Ba)KHJIa H 3a )KeHCKe nOTOMKe. MypaTOBa )KeHa H
));Be KliepKe nOCJIaTe cy 3a MCTaH6YJI. I,IeMOBa KliepKa I,IeBxep MaJIHK YAaTa je 3a
KajHT-6ejoBor HaCJIeAHHKa MyxaMe));a II 1496. ro));HHe. Ka));aje MyxaMe)); YMPo
));Be roAHHe ));OUHHje, Eaja3HT je H Eby 3arpa)KHo. ITpHJIHKe cy ce H3MeHHJIe 1503.
roAHHe H MaJIHKje cBojeBOJbHO HJIH nOA npHTHCKOM KpeHYJIa y MCTaH6YJI. Eaja3HT
jy je 60raTO 06));apHO npHJIHKOM maje 3a CHHaH-narny, aHa,n,OJICKOr 6emep­
6era. KOJIaJIe cy BeCTH ));a je I,IeM HMao BaH6paqHe CHHOBe, y <I>paHuycKoj, na
MO)KAa H y PHMY, aJIH cy Te maCHHe BHllIe nyra onoBpraBaHe. OHe cnaAajy y));eo
peHecaHCHe CBaKOAHeBHue, npenyHe H3MHllIJbeHHX PO));OCJIosa, aM6HUH03HHX
aBaHrypHcTa H JIa)KHHX npereH)];eHaTa Ha npeCTOJIe. 19

l7 inalcdc, "Djem"; HCTH, "A Case Study in Renaissance Diplomacy", 346-348,360­

364; Vatin, 124-129, 174,206,236-237,242-243; Thuasne, 3,117,193,217-218,254,387;
Sh. Har-El, Struggle for Domination in the Middle East. The Ottoman-Mamluk War, 1485-91,
Leiden New York - KOln: E. 1. Brill, 1995, 108, 137, 199; V. Lamansky, Secrets d'Etat de
Venice, New York: Burt Franklin, 1968 (peupHHT H3,llalba H3 1884),207,210-211; Peirce, 47.
TPH UHCMa H3 upeuHcKe cYJITaHa I,IeMa HqHtIeK-xaryH caqymlHa y TOUKaUH capajy upHKa3aHa
cy y: i. H. Ertaylan, Sultan Cem, istanbul: Milli Egitim Baslmevi, 1951,226-227.
18 S. Eyice, "Cern Sultan Tiirbesi", Tiirkiye Diyanet Valifi jslam Ansikiopedisi, 7,
istanbul: iSAM, 1993,286.
19 inalclk, "Djem"; Thuasne, 387-389; Har-EI, 137; BHJl. H F. Babinger, "'Bajezid
Osman' (Calixtus Ottomanus), ein Vorlaufer und Gegenspieler Dschem-Sultans", y: HCTH,
MajKa npHHll,a LIeMa cpncKa p06HJba y xapeMy MexMe,na OCBajaqa 329

Cnoc06HOCTH qH'leK-xaryH, IbeHa 'lBpCTHHa H nOTnyHa npe,llaHOCT H,llejH

cnacaBaIba CHHa H3 3aTO'leHHmTBa, YO'leHH cy Y HayqHoj JIHTeparypH, aJIH H
Y JIenoj KIbH)KeBHOCTH. MBO AH,llpHn je HCTaKao ry IbeHY Upry: ,,l13Y3eTaK je
IberoBa MajKa HenOKOJIe6JhHBa, ,llHBHa )l(eHa, CTBopeIbe Ha.ll CTBopeIbHMa, aJIH
OHa CBOjHM HeMonHHM HanopHMa caMO YBenaBa TepeT IberoBor nOHH)I(eIba."20
qH'leK-xaryH je HeCYMIbHBO 3aCJIy*HJIa ,lla npH'la 0 IbeHOM )l(HBOry
KOHa'lHO 6Y,lle HCnpH'laHa. 3a Hac je qH'leK-xaryH Ba)l(Ha jep je 6HJIa cpnCKor
nopeKJIa, BepoBaTHO nJIeMeHIITOr, H 3aTO mTO je pO,llHJIa OCMaHCKor npHHll,a
'lHjH je OTau 6HO MexMe,ll OCBaja'l. C ,llpyre CTpaHe, IbeHa cY,ll6HHa, nyHa
,llpaMaTH'lHHX o6PTa, caCBHM ce YKJIana Y peHecaHcHo ,ll06a Ha Me,llHTepaHY,
r,lle je nOJIHTHKa JIaKO 6pHCaJIa CBaKY .llPymTBeHY nO,lleJIY Ha xpHmnaHCKH H
MYCJIHMaHCKH CBeT. qH'leK-xaTYH CBaKaKO HHje 6HJIa 06H'lHa p06HIba, nOByqeHa
Y 3aTBopeHH CBeT xapeMa. MCTO'lHH H xpHmnaHCKH BJIa,llapH, na H caM nana,
YKa3HBaJIH cy joj nomTOBaIbe H ,llOCTOjHY na)l(IbY. IbeHa JIH'lHa ,llpaMa, KOjy
MO)l(eMO caMO ,lla HaCnyTHMO, H 6PH)l(JhHBO nJIaHHpaHH nOJIHTH'lKH nOTe3H, 0
KojHMa nocTOje CBe,llO'laHCTBa, 'lHHe IbeHY )l(HBOTHY npHqy YHHBep3aJIHHjOM H
jom npHBJIa'lHHjoM.

Aleksandar Fotic

THE MOTHER OF PRINCE CEM SERBIAN SLAVE

IN THE HAREM OF MEHMED THE CONQUEROR

Summary

<;i~ek Hatun, the mother of Prince Cern, by all accounts was a slave girl of noble
origin who was captured by the Ottomans between 1454 and 1458 during their raids on
the Serbian Despotate. She ended in the harem of Mehmed the Conqueror. She actively
supported Cern's struggle for the throne and also helped him in his attempts to escape
captivity. Analysed are the sources which offer evidence regarding her background, life
and her influence on political events in the Mediterranean towards the end of the 15 th
century. She was greatly respected at the Court of the Mamluk Sultan Kait Bey, where
she lived in exile. The Sultan even married his son to Cern's daughter. <;i~ek Hatun was
an unavoidable political factor in power battles fought amongst Sultan Bayezid II, knights
of Rhodes, the Kings of France and Hungary, the Pope and the Mamluk Sultan for control
over her son until his death in 1495.

AuJsatze, I, 297-325. ,lqJ HeHa,n $HmmOBtili Jby6a3HO MH je yCrynHO npeIIHc Hapel)efba 0

,naBJbelbY meX3a,ne Ory3a H3 ApxHBa TOIIKaIIH capaja (TSA E 11983), Ha qeMY My HCKpeHO
3aXBaJbyjeM.
20 Peirce, 48; AH,npHn, 72.
 ISSN 0352-6194
CPIICKA ~MHJA HAYKA II YMETHOCTII
HA yqHll CKYIIOBIi

ICIbHra CXXXlV

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 SERBIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES AND ARTS

SCIENTIFIC MEETINGS

Volume CXXXIV

DEPARTMENT OF HISTORICAL SCIENCES

Book 32

THE FALL OF THE SERBIAN

DESPOTATE IN 1459

PROCEEDINGS OF THE SCIENTIFIC MEETING

held on November 12-14,2009

Accepted at the VI Meeting of the Department of Historical Sciences, June 30, 2010

Editor

Academician

MOMCILO SPREMIC

BELGRADE 2011
IIPE,nTOBOP

MHpjaHa CTe<PaHOBCKH, Te.Ma Y30PHOc nopemKa Op:JfCa6e y KOHcmaHmUH060M

:JfCU60monucy oecnoma Cme<jJaHa JIa3ape6uha .............................................................. I

Mirjana Stefanovski, An example ofa model state order in

Konstantin's biography C!f Despot Stefan Lazarevic ....................................................... 14

fop.lJ.aHa JOBaHoBHh, "CKa3aHuje 0 nUCMeHex" (.jl06ecm 0 CJl06UMa")

KOHcmaHmuHa (/)WlOCO<jJa (KoHcmaHmuHa KOCmeHe'lKoc) - 6a:JfCaH U360p

3a u3yt/a6albe cpnCKe ucmopuje 15. 6eKa ....................................................................... 15

Gordana Jovanovic, Skazanije 0 pismeneh (A history on the Letters)

Constantine the Philosopher (Konstantin Kostenechki) the important

source for the researching ofthe Serbian history ofthe 15th century ............................ 24

~~I<~l.l~,L\ilP~~]:l~FI~~~ HeKe oc06uHeje3uKa y n06elbaMa UOPYCUM

oOl<yMeHmUMa BYKa EpaHK06ulia UlbeZ06UX HaCJleoHuKa .............................................. 25

~leksandar MladenovlS Some language aspects in charters and other

documents of Vuk Brankovic and his successors ........... ............................ ............ ...... 32

MHJlOID IiJIarojeBHll, jJecnom nypalj BYK06Uh u cpnCKa Op:JfCa6Hocm .......................... 33

Milos Blagojevic, Despot Djura4j Brankovic and the Serbian statehood ..................... 54

MHpjaHa )KHBOjHHOBHll, C6ema ropa y C6emnocmu aKama 6eJlUKOZ '1eJlHUKa

PaOu'la MaHacmupuva KaCmaMOHumy UBamonei>y ......... .......................................... 57

Mirjana Zivojinovic, Le Mont Athos dans les actes du Grand celnik Radic aux

monasteres de Kastamonitou et de Vatopedi ................................................................. 62

CHHHIDa MHIDHll, 06H06a jJecnom06uHe UlbeHe ZpaHuije (1444-1459) .................... 63

Sinisa Misic, Restoration ofthe Despotate and its boundaries (1444-1459) ............... 73

Ha)J.a MHJIOIDeBHll- nop~eBHll, HcmopujcKa u KYllmYPHoucmopujcKa

npeoalba 0 npo!{''lemoj JepuHu ....................................................................................... 75

Nada MiloseviC-Djordjevic, Historical and cultural legends surrounding

Jerina the Cursed ........................................................................................................... 85

J(aHHua neTpOBHll, l(pK6eHu M)I3U'lapU y o06a CpncKe oecnom06uHe ......................... 87

Danica Petrovic, Church musicians in the times ofSerbian Despotate ......................... 97

TaTjaHa Cy60THH-fony60BHll, flapaKlluc C6emoM JIYKU .............................................. 99

Tatjana Subotin-Golubovic, The Parecclesion dedicated to St. Luke .......................... 116

}J,aHlIua TIonoBHn, flycmuFbcKO M01WWm60 y 006a 5paHK06Una ............................... 117

Danica Popovic, Desert monasticism in the times ofthe Brankovic dynasty .............. 134

JacMHHa He)J,elbKoBHn, 0 cpncKOM pyKonucHo.~ C1y.JICa6HUK)I

nucaHoMyJIecK06lfY 1453. 200uHe ............................................................................. 137

Jasmina Nedeljkovic, The manuscript ofthe Serbian Service-book

handwritten in Leskovac in 1453 ................................................................................. 146

TaTjaHa CTapo)J,)'6neB, 0 6peMeHY :JICU60nUCaFba IjpK6e y PaManu ............................. 147

Tatjana Starodubcev, On the time ofthe painting offrescoes in the

Church in Ramaca ....................................................................................................... 168

CMHlba MapjaHoBHn-}J,YIllaHHn, J(OJlQ3aK "cKp6HUX 200uHa". 0 ynompe6u u

3Ha'leFby monoca "nOC'leOFbU poo " U"noc,1eoFba 6peMeHa" y cpncKoj

mpaoul{Uju 15. cmo,1ena .............................................................................................. 173

Smilja Marjanovic-Du~anic, On the use and meaning ofthe Topoi ofthe "Last

generation" and the" End ofdays" in the Serbian late medieval tradition ................ 184

nypo TOIllHn, 50caHcKa Ha306U "KpU6Ulja" 3a nao CpncKe oecnom06uHe ............... 185

Djuro To~ic, Bosnia:S alleged" cUlpability" for the fall ofthe Serbian Despotate .... 192

JeJIeHa Mpmn, floc.TteOFba 06a KompoMaHuna UJ(ecnom06uHa ................................. 195

Jelena Mrgic, The last two members ofthe house ofKotromanic and the Despotate .. 201

HeBeH MCaHJIOBHn, 5pa'lHU nJIaH06U Kompo.~aHuna UOp:JICa6Ha nOJlUmUKa

50cHe nOJl06WIO,ll XV 6eKa .......... ........... ..................................................................... 203

Neven Isailovic, Marriage plans ofthe Kotromanic dynasty and the mid-15lh

century state politics ofBosnia .................................................................................... 213

MOMqHJIO CnpeMHn, 50p6e 3a C~eoepe60 1458-1459. 200uHe ................................. 215

Momcilo Spremic, The battle ofSmederevo 1458-1459 ............................................. 227

nopije Fiy6arro, floceou cpncKux oecnoma y 006pa)l.t6eHUM nJIaH06UMa

Kparbe6UHe Y2apcKe 1458. U1459. 200uHe ................................................................. 229

Djordje Bubalo, The Hungarian estates ofSerbian despots in the defence

plans ofthe Kingdom ofHungary 1458 and 1459 ....................................................... 242

Maja HHKOJIHn, BU3aHmujcKu ucmopu'lapu XV 6eKa Unao

C'Ueoepe6a 1459. 200uHe ............................................................................................ 245

Maja Nikolic, Byzantine historians ofthe ;rvth century and the fall

ofSmederevo 1459 ....................................................................................................... 255

}J,ecaHKa KOBaqeBHn-KojHn, C~eoepe60 Kao npu6peoHu ljeHmap ............................... 257

Desanka Kovacevic-Kojic, Smederevo as a centre oftrade ........................................ 262

MapKo lllYRna, flao Cp6uje y ucmopujcKoj nepcneKmU6U ......................................... 263

Marko Suica, The col/apse ofSerbian medieval state within a historical perspective .. 285

CHMa-liHpKOBHh,1 CMeoepe6cKa m6pIJa6a Ha nO'lemK)l mypCKe 6.'laCmU ..................... 287

SimlL¢irkovt~,! Smederevo fortress and the beginning ofTurkish rule ....................... 290

EMa MHlbKoBHn, flao CMeoepe6a UOCHU6aFbe Cweoepe6cK02 caH7JaKa ..................... 291

Ema Miljkovic, The fall ofSmederevo and the formation ofthe Smederevo Sanjak ... 301

AneKcaH)),ap KpCTHn, JIaO Cp6uje U3 Y211a oCfJajalJa: Aw.uKnaw.a3aOe U/{ypcYH-6ec 303

Aleksandar Krstic, The fall ofSerbia from the perspective ofthe Conqueror:

A#kpa~azlide and Tursun bey ...................................................................................... 320

AneKcaH))'ap <l>OTHn, MajKa npuwlla 1Je.~ta- cpncKa p06ufba y xapeMY

Mex.ll1eOa OCfJaja'la ..................................................................................................... 321

Aleksandar Fotic, The mother ofPrince Cem - Serbian slave in the harem

ofMehmed the Conqueror ........................................................................................... 329

He60jrua C. llIyneTHn, CpncKa 'IIpKea nOClle 1459. coOuHe. 0 uHmezpalluju

~:;~~~ ~~1~~i~:~~:us~r~~:':~~~~~:fte; 'j'45'9 ~~·i~;~;~~i;~·;jih~·S~;b·i~~ ...... 331

clergy into the Turkishjiscal system ............................................................................ 348

fop))'aHa TOMoBHn, CMeoepeeo Ha KapmOJt.1a XVeeKa ................................................ 351

Gordana Tomovic, Smederevo on the maps ofthe XV century .................................... 362

Pa)l.HBOj Pa)),Hn, JIao opJICafJe cpnclaiX oecnoma y eU3aHmOJlOcuju ............................ 365

Radivoj Radic, Byzantology and the fall ofthe Serbian Despotate .............................. 371

MapKo IToIloBHn, CweoepeecKu cpao - emane zpaljefba u 3Ha'lefbe ........................... 373

Marko Popovic, The town ofSmederevo the construction phases

and historical significance ........................................................................................... 390

EpaHHcnaB lJ,BeTKoBHn, AHmu'lKe CnOJluje Ha 3uOuHa:wa CweoepeecKoC

3a:WKa Ucpaoa ...... ............ ................. ............ ................. .............. ............... .......... ...... 393

Branislav Cvetkovic, Antique Spolia in the Castle and Fortress walls ofSmederevo 406

BecHa EHKHn, Tpne3Ha KepalfUKa U3 CMeoepeecKoc 30Jt.1Ka ........................................ 409

Vesna Bikic, Ceramic Tableware from Smederevo Castle ........................................... 415

Byja))'HH MBaHHrueBHn, Hoeall Oecnoma 'Byplja 5paHKoeuha .................................... 417

Vujadin Ivanisevic, The money ofDespot Djuradj Brankovic .................................... 428

ITeTap POKaH, TpacoM nymeea KpyHe cpnCKUX oecnoma ............................................ 429

Petar Rokai, Tracing the route ofthe Serbian despots' Crown .................................... 439