2.28 Consider a piston-cylinder assembly that contains 1 mole of ideal gas, A. The system is well insulated. Its intial volume is 10 Land initial pressure, 2 bar. The gas is allowed to expand against a constant external pressure of 1 bar until it reaches mechanical equilibrium. Is thisa reversible process? ‘What is the final temperature of the system? How much work was obtained? For gas A:cy = (5/2) R. 2.32 A well-insulated rigid container contains two 10 L compartments initially at 300 K. Each compartment contains argon gas. The compartments are separated by a well-insulated piston that is held in place by a restraining pin. One compartment is initially at a pressure of 1 bar and the other is at 5 bar. After the pin is removed, the piston moves, but no heat is transferred through the piston. Determine the final temperature, pressure and volumes of each compartment. (Thanks to Prof. Frank Foulkes for providing the idea for this problem.) 2.52 Methane vapor enters a valve at 3 bar and 25°C and leaves at 1 bar. Ifthe methane under- goes a throttling process, what is the exit temperature, in °C? Under these conditions, you may assume methane is an ideal gas.3.18 Develop a general expression for As,, for an ideal gas that goes from (P), T;) to (Ps, Ts) where heat capacity is given by: cp =A+BI+CT? 3.34 Consider the well-insulated container shown below. Two gases, gas A and gas B, are sepa- rated by a metallic piston. The piston is initially held in place by a latch 10 em from the left of the container. Well-insulated wall Gas A, which is located in the left compartment, is intially at 10 bar and 500°C. The heat capacity of gas A is constant: (¢,4/R) = 3/2. Gas B is located in the right compartment and is initially at 1 bar and 100°C. The heat capacity of gas B is given by (¢,,»/R) = 5/2 — 15 x 10°° T where Tis in Kelvin, You may use the ideal gas model for both gases. (a) The latch is removed and the piston moves until the pressure and temperature in the two compartments become equal. What are the final pressure and temperature? State any assumptions that you make. (b) Calculate the entropy change of the universe. Is this process possible?3.38 Propane at 350°C and 600 cm°/mol is expanded in a turbine. The exhaust pressure is atmos- pheric, What is the lowest possible exhaust temperature? How much work is obtained? You may assume ideal gas behavior and that heat transfer to the surroundings is negligible. 4.12 Table 4.3 compares the van der Waals (1873), Redlich-Kwong (1949), and Peng-Robinson (1976) equations of state in similar forms. Based on intermolecular interactions, qualitatively ana- Iyze how the progression of equations may have given more accurate results.5.22 Verify that: 5.24 Develop a general relationship for the change in temperature with respect to pressure at constant entropy: (a) ap}, (a) Evaluate the expression for an ideal gas. (b) From the result in part (a), show that for an ideal gas with constant cp, an isentropic expansion from state 1 and state 2 yields Equation (2.49). (c) Evaluate the expression for a gas that obeys the van der Waals equation of state.