ELECTROLYTES As a nurse you are expected to know about electrolytes, their normal levels, and what effect. they have on the body if they fall outside of their usual range. ELECTROLYTE POE DEFICIENCY HYPOCALCEMIA + Hypoparathyroidism * Acute pancrei + Hyperphosphatemia * Thyroid carcinoma * Vitamin D deficiency HYPOKALEMIA * Excessive loss through vomiting, re) CesT cco) erry | ose of crus * Poor intake of potassium * Hyperaldosteronism HYPONATREMIA * Excessive loss through diarrhea, sweating, vomiting, or use of diuretics * Excessive water intake Head injury Ep (335-145 mEq/L) HYPOCHLOREMIA, + Addison's disease * Diarrhea * Metabolicalkalosis * Respiratory acidosis = Vomiting HYPOMAGNESEMIA * Excessive loss from Gl tract *Use of drugs * Chronic alcoholism * Diabetic ketoacidosis + Hyperparathyro HYPOPHOSPHATEMIA * Alkalosis “Diabetes * Chronic alcoholism * Recovery from malnutrition = Severe diarrhea CHLORIDE (95-108 mEq/L) WC ste) (2.5-2.5 mEq/t) und (25-4.5 mEq/L) urination, perspiration, or diarrhea RASONS FOR ABNORMAL FINDINGS. EXCESS HYPERCALCEMIA Prolonged immobilization + Hyperparathyroidism + Malignancy of bone HYPERKALEMIA *Renal failure + Hyporaldosteranism + Use of drugs * Excessive intake of potassium * Condition where potassium moves out of tissue ceils into plasma HYPERNATREMIA + Lass of fluids through diarrhea * Deprivation of water + Excessive salt intake *Diabetesinsipidus Heat stroke HYPERCHLOREMIA * Cardiacdecompensation ‘*Metabolicacidosis * Respiratory alkalosis * Corticosteroid therapy © Uremia HYPERMAGNESEMIA ‘Renal disease and renal re © Treatment with magnesium and magnesium-containing medications HYPERPHOSPHATEMIA +Renal failure + Hypoparathyroidism © Excessive ingestion of phosphorus Trauma + Heat stroke