The mp(micro processor) and its Architecture

Microprocessor (MP) is an integrated circuit that contains the entire central

processing unit (CPU) of a computer on a single chip. In 1978, Intel introduced a
16-bit microprocessor, the 8086.

Fig: 8086 External Bus

Bus Operation
Bus is group of conducting lines which carry binary information.
Internal Bus: connects two minor components within a major component (or IC), such
as the connection between the control unit and internal registers of the MPU.
External Bus: connects two major components, such as MPU and an interface (Memory
or input/output). Although some systems include more than one external bus, 8086
and 8088 processors contain only one external bus called system-bus.
Typical system-bus includes: Address-bus (carries physical address of memory or
input/output locations), Data-bus (carries data to be read or written into MPU
registers) and Control-bus(carries information to control the read or write
operation).
Address Bus
� Address bus is used by the �P to select a memory location, from where data
can be read or written.
� The number of address lines varies from one processor to the other processor
and are unidirectional.
� The number of memory locations that the �P can address is determined by
number of address lines. A �P with �N� address lines can address upto 2N locations.
i.e. if a �P contains 16 address lines, it can address 216 memory locations.
Data Bus
� The data bus is a bidirectional bus which carries data between the �P and
other units of microprocessor based system(ie. Memory or I/O devices)
� The number of data lines varies from processor to processor.
� Many devices in a system will have their outputs connected to the data bus,
but only one device at a time will have its outputs enabled
Control bus
The �P issues proper timing and bus control signals to memory and I/O device. It is
unidirectional.