EJERCICIOS PROPUESTOS

1. Dados los vectores 𝑢=3𝑖−5𝑗+3𝑘 y 𝑣=−2𝑖+9𝑗−𝑘 determine el resultado al operar:

a).3𝑢−5𝑣
b). (𝑢−𝑣)∙(5𝑢+𝑣)
𝑐).|3/5𝑢−𝑣|

a). 𝟑𝒖 − 𝟓𝒗
𝑢 = 3𝑖 − 5𝑗 + 3𝑘 𝑣 = −2𝑖 + 9𝑗 − 𝑘
𝟑𝒖 − 𝟓𝒗 = 3(3𝑖 − 5𝑗 + 3𝑘) − 5(−2𝑖 + 9𝑗 − 𝑘)
𝟑𝒖 − 𝟓𝒗 = (9𝑖 − 15𝑗 + 9𝑘) − (−10𝑖 + 45𝑗 − 5𝑘)

𝟑𝒖 − 𝟓𝒗 = ((9𝑖) − (−10𝑖)(−15𝑗) − (45𝑗)(9𝑘) − (−5𝑘))

𝟑𝒖 − 𝟓𝒗 = (19𝑖 − 60𝑗 + 14𝑘)

𝟑𝒖 − 𝟓𝒗 = (19 − 60 + 14) = −27

b). (𝒖 − 𝒗). (𝟓𝒖 + 𝒗)

(𝒖 − 𝒗) = (3𝑖 − 5𝑗 + 3𝑘) − (−2𝑖 + 9𝑗 − 𝑘)
(𝒖 − 𝒗) = ((3𝑖) − (−2𝑖))((−5𝑗) − (9𝑗))(3𝑘 − (−𝑘))
(𝒖 − 𝒗) = ((5𝑖))((−14𝑗))(4𝑘)
(𝒖 − 𝒗) = 5𝑖 − 14𝑗 + 4𝑘
(𝟓𝒖 + 𝒗) = 𝟓(3𝑖 − 5𝑗 + 3𝑘) + (−2𝑖 + 9𝑗 − 𝑘)
(𝟓𝒖 + 𝒗) = (15𝑖 − 25𝑗 + 15𝑘) + (−2𝑖 + 9𝑗 − 𝑘)
(𝟓𝒖 + 𝒗) = (15𝑖) + (−2𝑖)(−25𝑗 + 9𝑗)(15𝑘 + (−𝑘))
(𝟓𝒖 + 𝒗) = (13𝑖 − 16𝑗 + 14𝑘)
(𝒖 − 𝒗). (𝟓𝒖 + 𝒗) = (5𝑖 − 14𝑗 + 4𝑘). (13𝑖 − 16𝑗 + 14𝑘)
(𝒖 − 𝒗). (𝟓𝒖 + 𝒗) = ((5𝑖)(13𝑖) + (−14𝑗)(−16𝑗) + (4𝑘)(14𝐾)
(𝒖 − 𝒗). (𝟓𝒖 + 𝒗) = (𝟔𝟓 + (𝟐𝟐𝟒) + 𝟓𝟔) = 𝟑𝟒𝟓
𝑐).|3/5𝑢−𝑣|
𝟑
| 𝒖 − 𝒗|
𝟓
𝟑
( 𝒖 − 𝒗) = 𝟑/𝟓(3𝑖 − 5𝑗 + 3𝑘) − (−2𝑖 + 9𝑗 − 𝑘)
𝟓
𝟑 9 9
( 𝒖 − 𝒗) = ( 𝑖 − 3𝑗 + 𝑘) − (−2𝑖 + 9𝑗 − 𝑘)
𝟓 5 5

𝟑 9 2 9
| 𝒖 − 𝒗| = √(((−2) − ( ))2 𝑖 + ((9) − (−3)) 𝑗 + ((−1)( ))2 𝑘)
𝟓 5 5

𝟑 81 81
| 𝒖 − 𝒗| = √(((4) − ( )) + ((81) − (9)) + (1) − ( ))
𝟓 25 25

𝟑 4 81 1 81
| 𝒖 − 𝒗| = √( − ) + (81 − 9) + ( − )
𝟓 1 25 1 25

𝟑 100 − 81 25 − 81
| 𝒖 − 𝒗| = √( ) + (72) + ( )
𝟓 25 25

𝟑 19 −56 𝟏𝟕𝟔𝟑
| 𝒖 − 𝒗| = √ + 72 + ( )=√
𝟓 25 25 𝟐𝟓

𝟑
| 𝒖 − 𝒗| = √𝟕𝟎, 𝟓𝟐 = 𝟖, 𝟑𝟗𝟕𝟔𝟏𝟖𝟕𝟏
𝟓

2. Sean 𝑢=3𝑖+4𝑗 𝑦 𝑣=𝛼𝑖−2𝑗 Encuentre 𝛼 tal que:

𝑢 = 3𝑖 + 4𝑗
𝑣 =∝ 𝑖 − 2𝑗

𝑎). 𝑢 𝑦 𝑣 sean ortogonales.

𝑢 ⊥ 𝑣 = 𝑢1 . 𝑣1 + 𝑢2 . 𝑣2 = 0

𝑢 ⊥ 𝑣 = 3. ∝ + 4. −2 = 0

𝑢 ⊥ 𝑣 = 3 ∝ +(−8) = 0

3 ∝ −8 = 0
8
3 ∝= 8 ∝= 3

8
𝑢 ⊥ 𝑣 = 3. + (4. −2) = 0
3
24
𝑢⊥𝑣= + (−8) = 0
3

𝑢 ⊥ 𝑣 = 8 + (−8) = 0

𝑏). 𝑢 𝑦 𝑣 sean paralelos.

𝑢1 𝑢2
𝑢∥𝑣= =
𝑣1 𝑣2
3 4
𝑢 ∥ 𝑣 = ∝ = −2

3 4 3
𝑢 ∥ 𝑣 = ∝ = −2 𝑢 ∥ 𝑣 = ∝ = −2 𝑢 ∥ 𝑣 = 3 = −2 ∝
3
𝑢 ∥ 𝑣 = −2 =∝ 𝑢 ∥ 𝑣 = −1,5 =∝

3 4 3 4
𝑢∥𝑣= 3 = −2 𝑢∥𝑣= 3 = −2 𝑢 ∥ 𝑣 = −2 = −2
−2 −2

c). El ángulo entre 𝑢 𝑦 𝑣 sea 2𝜋/3

𝑢 = 3𝑖 + 4𝑗
𝑣 =∝ 𝑖 − 2𝑗
∧ 2𝜋
𝑢. 𝑣 = |𝑢||𝑣| cos 𝑢 → 𝑣 3 ∝ −8 = √32 + 42 √∝2 − 22 cos 3
 2(180)
3 ∝ −8 = √9 + 16 √∝2 + 4 cos
3
360
3 ∝ −8 = √25 √∝2 + 4 cos 3 ∝ −8 = 5 √∝2 + 4 cos 120°
3
1
3 ∝ −8 = 5 √∝2 + 4 − 2 (2)3 ∝ −8(2) = 5 √∝2 + 4 − 1

6 ∝ −16 = 5 √∝2 + 4 − 1 1 + 6 ∝ −16 + 1 = 5 √∝2 + 4

2
6 ∝ −15 + 1 = 5 √∝2 + 4 (−14 + 6 ∝)2 = (5 √∝2 + 4 )

196 + 36 ∝2 − 168 ∝= 25(∝2 + 4) 196 + 36 ∝2 − 168 ∝= 25 ∝2 + 100

196 + 36 ∝2 − 168 ∝ −25 ∝2 − 100 = 0 196 + 36 ∝2 − 168 ∝ −25 ∝2 − 100 = 0
−𝑏±√𝑏 2 −4𝑎.𝑐
11 ∝2 − 168 ∝ +96 = 0 𝑥= 2𝑎

−(−168)±√−1682 −4(11).96 168±√28224−4224

𝑥= 𝑥=
2(−168) −336

168±√24000 168±154,919333848297
𝑥= 𝑥=
−336 −336

13.08066615
𝑥= = −0.03893055402
−336
322.919334
𝑥= = −0.9610694464
−336

c). El ángulo entre 𝑢 𝑦 𝑣 sea 2𝜋/3

𝑢 = 3𝑖 + 4𝑗
𝑣 =∝ 𝑖 − 2𝑗

2𝜋 2(180) 360 1
cos = cos cos = cos 120 cos 120 = − 2
3 3 3

𝑢. 𝑣 = 𝑢1 . 𝑣1 + 𝑢2 . 𝑣2 𝑢. 𝑣 = 3. ∝ + 4. −2 𝑢. 𝑣 = 3 ∝ −8

|𝑢||𝑣| = √32 + 42 √∝2 − 22 |𝑢||𝑣| = √9 + 16 √∝2 + 4

|𝑢||𝑣| = √25 √∝2 + 4 |𝑢||𝑣| = 5 √∝2 + 4

3∝−8 1 1(5 √∝2 +4) 5 √∝2 +4
=− 3 ∝ −8 = − 3 ∝ −8 = −
5 √∝2 +4 2 2 2

−2(3 ∝ −8) = −5 √∝2 + 4 −6 ∝ +16 = −5 √∝2 + 4

(−6 ∝ +16)2 = (−5 √∝2 + 4)2 36 ∝2 − 192 ∝ +256 = 25(∝2 + 4)

36 ∝2 − 192 ∝ +256 = 25 ∝2 + 100
36 ∝2 − 192 ∝ +256 − 25 ∝2 − 100 = 0
−𝑏±√𝑏 2 −4𝑎.𝑐
11 ∝2 − 192 ∝ +156 = 0 𝑥= 2𝑎

−(−192)±√−1922 −4(11).192 192±√36864−8448

𝑥= 𝑥=
2(−192) −384
1684
192±√28416 192± 192+168,570460045644
7
𝑥= 𝑥= 𝑥=
−384 −384 −384

360.57046
𝑥= = −0.938985573
−384
192 − 168,570460045644
𝑥=
−384
23.42953995
𝑥= = −0.0610144269
−384

3. Calcule 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑦𝑣𝑢 sabiendo que:

𝑎). u = 2i + j; v = i − 2j

𝑢. 𝑣
𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑦𝑣 𝑢 = ( 2 ) 𝑣̂
|𝑣|

(2 + 1). (1 − 2)
𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑦𝑣 𝑢 = ( ) (1 − 2)
|1 − 2|2

(2−2) (0)
𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑦𝑣 𝑢 = ( 1+2 ) (1 − 2) 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑦𝑣 𝑢 = ( 3 ) (1 − 2)

𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑦𝑣 𝑢 = (0)(1 − 2) 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑦𝑣 𝑢 = 0

𝑏). 𝑢=𝛼𝑖−𝛽𝑗; 𝑣=𝑖+𝑗; 𝛼 𝑦 𝛽 reales y positivos, con 𝛼<𝛽

𝑐). u = 2i − 3j + 4k; v = −2i − 3j + 5k

𝑢. 𝑣
𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑦𝑣 𝑢 = ( 2 ) 𝑣̂
|𝑣|
 (2 − 3 + 4). (−2 − 3 + 5)
𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑦𝑣 𝑢 = ( ) (−2, −3, +5)
|−2 − 3 + 5|2

(−4 + 9 + 20)
𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑦𝑣 𝑢 = ( ) (−2, −3, +5)
4 + 9 + 25
25 50 75 125
𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑦𝑣 𝑢 = (38) (−2, −3, +5) 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑦𝑣 𝑢 = (− 38 𝑖, − 38 𝑗, + 𝑘)
38

4. Un triángulo tiene como vértices a (1,3), (4, −2)𝑦 (−3,6). Dibuje en un plano
cartesiano la situación y encuentre el coseno de cada uno de sus ángulos.

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐵 = (1,3) ∗ (4, −2)
AB = (3,-5) = 3i -5j

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = (1,3) ∗ (−3,6)

𝐴𝐶
AC=(-4,3) = -4i+3j

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = (4, −2) ∗ (−3,6)

𝐵𝐶
𝐵𝐶 = (−7,8) = −7𝑖 + 8𝐽
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = (3, −5)
𝐴𝐵
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐶 = (−4,3)
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = (−7,8)
𝐵𝐶
𝑣1∗𝑣2
Cosn = |𝑣1‖𝑣2|

𝑢 = 𝐴𝐵 ∗ 𝐴𝐶
𝐴𝐵 = 3, −2 ∗ 𝐴𝐶 = −4,3 = −12 − 15 = −27

|𝐴𝐵| = √(3)2 + (−5)2 = √9 + 25 = √34 = 5.8

|𝐴𝐶| = √(−4)2 + (3)2 = √16 + 9 = √25 = 5

−27 −27
=
5.8 ∗ 5 29
−𝟐𝟕
Cosn = 𝟐𝟗
= −𝟎. 𝟗𝟑 y Angulo = 21.56
𝑢 = 𝐴𝐵 ∗ 𝐵𝐶
𝐴𝐵 = 3, −5 ∗ 𝐴𝐶 = −7,8 = −21 − 40 = −61

|𝐴𝐵| = √(3)2 + (−5)2 = √9 + 25 = √34 = 5.8

|𝐵𝐶| = √(−7)2 + (8)2 = √49 + 64 = √113 = 10.6

−61 −61
=
5.8 ∗ 10.6 61.48
−𝟔𝟏
Cosn = 𝟔𝟏.𝟒𝟖 = −𝟎. 𝟗𝟗 y Angulo = 172.8

𝑢 = 𝐴𝐶 ∗ 𝐵𝐶
𝐴𝐵 = −4,3 ∗ 𝐴𝐶 = −7,8 = 28 + 24 = 52

|𝐴𝐵| = √(−4)2 + (3)2 = √16 + 9 = √25 = 5

|𝐵𝐶| = √(−7)2 + (8)2 = √49 + 64 = √113 = 10.6

52 52
=
5 ∗ 10.6 53
𝟓𝟐
Cosn = 𝟓𝟑 = −𝟎. 𝟗𝟖 y Angulo = 11.48

2. Determine el producto cruz 𝑢 × 𝑣 sabiendo que :

𝑎). 𝑢 = 10𝑖 + 7𝑗 − 3𝑘; 𝑣 = −3𝑖 + 4𝑗 − 3𝑘
𝑢 = 10𝑖 + 7𝑗 − 3𝑘;
𝑣 = −3𝑖 + 4𝑗 − 3𝑘
𝑖 𝑗 𝑘
| 10 7 −3|
−3 4 −3
7 −3 10 −3 10 7
| |𝑖 − | |𝑗 + | |𝑘
4 −3 −3 −3 −3 4
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
[−21 − 8 − 129]𝑖 − ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
[−30 − 9]𝑗 + ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
[(40) − (−21)]𝑘
[−9] 𝑖 + 39 𝑗 + 61 𝑘

𝑏). 𝑢 = 𝑎𝑖 + 𝑏𝑗 + 𝑐𝑘; 𝑣 = 𝑎𝑖 + 𝑏𝑗 − 𝑐𝑘
𝑢 = 𝑎𝑖 + 𝑏𝑗 + 𝑐𝑘;
𝑣 = 𝑎𝑖 + 𝑏𝑗 − 𝑐𝑘
𝑖 𝑗 𝑘
𝑎 𝑏 −𝑐
𝑎 𝑏 −𝑐
𝑖 𝑗 𝑘
|𝑎 𝑏 𝑐|
𝑎 𝑏 −𝑐
𝑎 𝑐 𝑎 𝑐 𝑎 𝑏
| |𝑖 − | |𝑗 + | |𝑘
𝑏 −𝑐 𝑎 −𝑐 𝑎 𝑏
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
[−𝑏𝑐 − 𝑐𝑏]𝑖 − [−𝑎𝑐 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
− 𝑎𝑐]𝑗 + [𝑎𝑏⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
− 𝑎𝑏]𝑘
−2𝑐𝑏 𝑖 + 2𝑎𝑐 𝑗 + 0 𝑘