TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER NO. TITLE PAGE NO.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iii
ABSTRACT iv
LIST OF TABLES viii
LIST OF FIGURES ix
LIST OF SYMBOLS x
1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 BIO DIESEL 1
1.1.1History of punnai oil 2
1.1.2 Experience of farmer about 3
Punnai oil
1.1.3Benefits of biodiesel 6
1.2 ALTERNATIVE FUELS 8
1.3 PERFORMANCE MEASURES AND 10
EMISSION MEASURES
1.3.1 CI Engine Performance Measures 10
1.3.2 CI Engine Emission Measures 13
2 LITERATURE REVIEW 18
3 PROBLEM BACKGROUND 21
4 PROBLEM DESCRIPTION 22
5 MATERIALS 23
5.1 XXXXXXX 23
5.2 XXXXXXXX 24
5.3 METXXXXL 24
5.4 CATALYST 25

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 5.5 ETHANOL 27
6 PROCESSING AND TESTING 28
6.1 PROCESSING OF BIODIESEL 28
6.2 TESTING OF PROCESSED OIL 31
6.2.1 XXXXXXX 31
6.2.2 XXXXXXX 32
7 EXPERIMENTATION 34
7.1 EXPERIMENTAL SETUP 34
7.2 PERFORMANCE TEST AND 36
RESULTS
8 ANALYSIS OF RESULTS 41
9 COMPARISON OF RESULTS 53
10 CONCLUSION 60
REFERENCES 61
PUBLICATION 63

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 LIST OF TABLES

TABLE NO. TITLE PAGE NO.

1.1 Fatty acid percentage 2
1.2 Disease caused by auto exhaust 17
7.1 Diesel performance result 36
7.2 B20 performance result 37

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 LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE NO. TITLE PAGE NO.

1.1 Energy loss diagram 12
6.1 Processing of biodiesel 29
6.2 Biodiesel preparation setup 30
6.3 Water washing 30
7.1 Experimental setup 34
8.1 Load vs it for Diesel 41
8.2 Load vs bt for Diesel 41
8.3 Load vs mech for Diesel 42
8.4 Load vs sfc for Diesel 42
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8.5 Load vs vol for Diesel 43
9.1 Load vs mech for Diesel,B20,M20.E20 53
9.2 Load vs it for Diesel,B20,M20,E20 54
9.3 Load vs bt for Diesel,B20,M20E20 55

LIST OF SYMBOLS

N Speed, rpm

A Area of piston, mm2

SL Stroke Length, mm

CV Calorific value, kJ/kg

FC Fuel Consumption, kg/hr

T Torque, N-m

BP Brake Power, kw

ix