Design a 20 kVA ,10000/400 V,50 Hz 3 phase delta/star core type oil immersed

natural cooled distribution transformer provided with tappings ± 2 ½ ± 5 %

from the h.v winding. Maximum temperature rise not to exceed 43 ℃ with
mean temperature rise of oil 33 ℃.

Solution :

Core Design

K=0.45 for three phase core type distribution transformers

Voltage per turn Et =K√𝑄 = 0.45√20=2.01V

Flux in the core 𝜑m = Et/(4.44 *f)= 2.01/(4.44*50) = 0.00905 Wb

Hot rolled silicon steel grade 92 is used.The value of flux density Bm is assumed as
1.0 Wb/m2.

Net iron area Ai= 0.00905 m2=9050 mm2.

Using a cruciform core, Ai = 0.56 d2.

Diameter of circumscribing circle d= √(9050/0.56) = 127.12 mm

Widths of laminations :

a=0.85 d =0.85 * 127.12 = 108.05 mm

b= 0.53 d= 0.53*127.12= 67.37 mm

The laminations are punched from 750 mm wide plates and the nearest standard
dimensions are a= 108mm and b= 70mm

Window dimensions:

The window space factor for a small rating transformer is Kw = 8/(30 + kV)

Kw= 8/(30+10) .

Kw= 0.2
The current density in the windings, 𝛿 is 2.3 A/mm2

Output of transformer

Q= 3.33fBmKw𝛿AwAi * 10-3

20=3.33*50*1*0.2*2.3*106*Aw*0.00905*10-3

or window area Aw =0.02885 m2 =28.85 * 103 mm2

Taking the ratio height to width of window as 2.5

Hw * Ww =28.85*103 or , 2.5Ww2= 28.85*103

Width of window Ww=107.42 ≈ 107 mm , Height of window = 267.5 ≈268 mm

Area of window provided Aw =107 * 268 =28676 mm2 =0.028676 m2

Distance between adjacent core centres D= Ww +d= 107+ 127= 234 mm

Yoke Design

The area of the yoke is taken as 1.2 times that of limb

Flux density in yoke= 1/1.2 = 0.0833 Wb/m2

Net area of yoke =1.2* 9050 = 10860 =(10.86* 103 )mm2

Gross area of yoke = (10.86 *103)/0.9 = (12.066 * 103 )mm2

Taking the section of yoke as rectangular ,Depth of yoke Dy= a= 108 mm

Height of yoke Hy= (12.066 * 103)/108 = 112 mm

Overall Dimensions of Frame

Height of frame H= Hw +2Hy=268 +2*112 =492 mm

Width of frame W=2D +a =2*234 +108 = 576 mm

Depth of frame= Dy = a= 108 mm