AFDELINGEN FOR BASRENDE KONSTRUKTIONER DANMARKS TEKNISKE H@JSKOLE STRUCTURAL RESEARCH LABORATORY TECHNICA. UNIVERSITY OF DENMARK Trocls Brondum-Nielsen OPTIMUM DESIGN OF REINFORCED CONCRETE SHELLS AND SLABS RAPPORT NR. R 44 1974(OPTIMUM DESIGN OF REINFORCED CONCRETE SHELLS ANDSLABS ‘Toole BedndumNakes Sct Reach Laborstory Teco Uiveriy of Dena, ‘Copenhagen, Denna avstact In this pera med presented for optimization ofthe reinforcement ruled to rest abitrary era Fores rnfnced conte sel As the dengh prince spe ae apples to sels fabian shape, ncn bs sce foal typ of lading, th med Ir f+ pencal atte. The proce alo indenter tute he hick andstenth ofthe cont sel are scent to emsurea tly mds ble res il in These. The ten forces Indde nol ane shea frees bening and wising motents. The deg itera corespoed othe uit Lit state. syNorsis The pape ds withthe optimam design of reinforced concrete sls of abitrary shape sojected to an spiral. The shape ofthe shel sastmes tobe gen, Te nvetpation thx api to bells, fled Plt and bs The Wicks he shel, ich muy be nabuforn, ase Tbe eR Toe of he hl iat oe gn the gota ct, the nonce seamed to canst of one or two pall Iyer of orthogonal serfrcing nt. Te Seto ofthe bass refered 10 he Xan etion neat a Wo byes, ese ‘Gvcton il be sae tobe conan fr eyes The poston ofthe enforcement rele tothe mide sie ofthe shell stud to be wwe. This poston is tual governed y the regareens a conele ove ‘he internal frei any section of these ae sumed oe known Tes ince he px ces sat Ny: best foce Ney henge My at My. sa eng ome Hg 2 ‘hereto san inte int dasa method. The beg eget ofthese tha ben adopted athe base daigs cteon. The poem of buekling of the sel ra dace in he pope ‘he tele sent ofthe cont it meted. The poral scons af the concrete a atumed to be rand except whee compress sues ec ‘Te cone stone eased ob uniformly isthe inthe compression zane Comprsive informant ha not been conte Te rth cn ey be extended onde this, bain tha athe pele of uc fhe compre ecg ar wave toe ken no scm ‘The dig stents, 0, inthe inowement and. in he cops sumed tobe spied ‘The probe to bese toms: 1. Chaka he tikes strength ofthe concrete uc al pins ofthe bl 2. Cael the minim neces coset ares of the tinfrcemeot a any pnt the shell sfice. In the pnelese, tha cow for ques careponiag to to eer wih to ects Inevch yeree constpoding inftement pd, will pl tdi tty ale te Bld nthe ‘The poblom i of ene cancer. The method was fst adopted for epi shall clon or Hak san aor, eta (Fue appl fo slr srverresa Ae oo Unite Kegon Fig. 1 Cason in Hostholm Harbor, Denmark SANDWICH SHELL MODEL these at ben aed btween cmc te. sections panel to the X- andj Secon: The ents dx and dy ofthe Sie of ths clement re akon arena 0 A noc fore a noma eer tre taken a potnesoresponding to Ten: Son le Fgh 2 te interes) ores nd ‘moments per unt length of the sel re Ineted. Toe bpm ead yest at g.2 Ine Forces Toeted ln the mie suace ofthe sh, tn the tans f pependcls To the ic, Fr the poten ayia coesponding madvich element ‘abaltsted forthe ll lament proper. Th ment shown i ig (2d). The sndiveh dent coms of thre lyers Ifthe knees ent gomtyofthe neh shel ements krown. The ue he fmety ofthe sandwich shel wil be duced Ins Int ton of hi ape or the peat discussion, he omy i sanumed to be known Al fore ad moments a the sleet (2) may tus be read to Fembrine ere load atthe hae traces of the Yop and botom samen semen, ousted i i Hes) LIMIT ANALYSIS OF MEMBRANE SHELLS ‘Att aay of ach of the ove sand eyes af hel (Fl 3) my be cred ona speed a 0 v1—1 Big on eles of nan sl Aa ees Soe. Te vo hes ae pre fo the rho 3nd syeony Yyaiectons The thd se pees cack ithe el. ie {Tetengno tha ie hasbeen hen ea o oy. THe shake elween the ead an the vi detel. The ination of the cick neat in Fig 4 coment May 20 In Fig 5, thecosesponding station iawn or & | __ Nyy ad Nyy denote the fess nthe oor 1 Iayeore rent ithe x al yslections per wi lth of thse “recto, respecte. 1 ena In both css, equlbrum in the x-er y Ahecions y B= Net Na tr ty Fed 6 teres prin Nya = Ny [Sef 80 e AE oth Ny nN pate tes sion Baprtontic Nes eM Conequenty Naa = Me? Mo) o Nye = 897 [Nay o uations (3) and (4) a ony vid ne both tigg 308 Nye pote Th ges cat ea oe Dieciem Nye ‘he shoe mann (648) arated in Fa 6. The pn, compete memae feet Ny i the ‘concrete acts nsectoe perpen th cro, orient, athe ction alone he of eet of Fs, {The pr below siete era nla in Pi 7. Eqabbvom of talent segues N21 sl] 0 ‘Assim cs ke pti consponding tein, Ny engl quan (3 hough (9) a oo nye al wen Ny, nee Len Nyc Th saton suc Py 8 wh crepnds the eaten M2. enforces ton ad teen yale teva roe 3Cm ig. 6 Cas 1: Optimum Inctmation of Crack © Equiion (8) se rafor Nyg0, Le for 7a = 19m = 0482 = 219 Nin mes = 82Ninm [AS NCMy Bes Bad (10) apply (Case 21a Fg, 12) 2 82 219411 = 20Nom Nya 29+ Ny = 619-11» 630Niewm uation 17) c= 2-000 No coeton af he cmatdwlof ¢ thirequed Membrane oe in the op snd ayer Ny 2619-120 = 499Nmm Nye = (00-137)-82 = 81 Nim Ngye® (170-7)-5 = 88 New ‘This coesponds oC I In i. 12. Bguaion (2) 10 (5) Nee = 499085 = SBN Nye SIE = 169Ninm Ny os 288 = -176Ninm ‘als principal membrane fre lesa 58 am below he op sue ofthe bl (Fg 14). 1 eased by no concreteness compan sono, the depth a th soe wil be 2°58 116m a he se 6 «anna? ‘The compresine ste i thor mich sow hexane.aque cosseton ara of renforeent inthe xiecton pert gt of he tection nthe top yer sn ge 28 = 207 Inthe ota: No elaforcement sud Therein oF Nyy ay INyg + 109422099 Nin Hstotedat 2-11-2200 — gam 39 ‘The covespondig ye of renorcent i the ydueton eed at = 53. and =-23 mm, respect Requred ros scion area cafercament thes aot per unit kath f the xn se B18 comm san me ate Ay on SED sorarion aye Rectinea eoordaates (Fs 2) NN Nyo:MayorNyxo Nota a see force per un lnth of el sethon (Fie 2) MiMgeMy Mayr My, Hendin; snd ising mt pe tng f sel ct. 2) NN Nay Mp Nev esr fores er uate ater ert of nicks ‘Gg. 3) Addon "ies # andre ttop and bottom yrs NaN Fores i elaforcaret yr ust ent of sevon (4) : ‘eg between cack and xan (Fie. 4 an 5) % neil comoresave mentran foc er nt gh of emeesion toe. Ar al oral fore se ake uve coespondng feauon, eae, : zeny often enforcament (Fig 13) age Elective cept of tee eefroiment (Fi 13) . Depth of recent sve block (i. 13) 4 Moment wih eset tne reframe (E919) . ‘Nondimenson parameter (9.20) * Suesseh Design strong of el nd conte as) ‘x-and y-tirections, Additional suffices + and refer to wp and ‘oto ssatiocrariy ‘ele ML, Lint Analyst of Renfree Cone Shel, IASS Symposia on Nop lta Shel Probes,ane te. 13. ab. 45. 48. a7. 18. 49. 20. ai. 22. 2. 2h. 2. 26. er. 28. 29. 30. ae ARDELINGEN FOR REAENDE KONSTRUXTIONER DANKARKS TEKUISKE HPATSKOLE Svructurel flesearch Laboratory ‘Technical University of Denmark, Dk-2800 Lyngby RAPPORTER (Reports: (ag7o ~ Brestrup, Mikael W.: The Cosserat ‘veCace and Snell Theory. 1970. Askegaard, Yagn: Anveridelse ar mans + adyes. L970. Solnes, Julius: The Spectral cnava. . of Bartnquake Motions. 1970. Brustrup, Mikeel W.: Yield Lines i. 'soe, Plates and Shelis. 1970. Mellmann, 72: Beregning af hongeko hjaip at ‘daformasionsmetoden: 23/0. Byskov, Esben: The calculation of rvess Intensity Factor® Using che Finite #lemait Hethod wish Cracked Elenents. 1970. Askegaard, V.: Trundlaget tor adivesian. 1970. Sumaries of Lecture Notes on Experimental Stress mnalysis. 1970. Sorensen, Hans Christian: Forekyde ag i jernbevon- bimtker.'1977 Sorensen, Hans christian: Focskydningsroreee mes AB jernbcronbiielker med D-twmrsnis. 197. Mslimann, H.: Analysis of Hanging Yoofs Using une Displacement Nethod. L972. Haurbmk, Poul £.: Dampede svingninger ¢ spendbevon- bjelker. Svingningsferseg med sinpelt understgerede bjelker Brastrup, M.W.: Yield-line Theory and Limit Analysis of Plates and Slabe. 1971+ Dyrbye, Claus: Pendulum Vibration. 1971. Mplimann, H.: Analytical Solution for a Cable Wet over @ Rectangular Plan. i971. Nielsen, J.: Silotryk. 1972. Askegaard, V., M. Bergholdt and J. Nielsen: Problems An connection’with pressure cell measurements. in silos. 1972. Ramirez, H. Daniel: Buckling of plates by the Ritz me- thods using piecewise-derined functiors. 1972. Thonsen, Kjeld & Kenning Agerskov: Betaviour of bul Plate joinls in rolled beans assembled with preatres. sed hizh tensile bolts. 1972. slulius Solnes and Ragnar Sigh jéensson: sponse 10 stoonastie wind loading. 2972. H. J. Larsen og H. Alberholt: Forse med uklasei fice rat ieonstmilet fangtcw. 2970. us mules Loner ved puetural out or print aut of print our o print out ofca a we. oe an 45. 46. ar. 48. 49. 50. st. aT Vagn Askegaard: Progranme and methods of teaching of out of ocbevimental mechantes- 1972+ print Jatfus Solnes and Ole Holst: Weight optimization of franed structures under earthquake loads. 1972. Rostam, Steen and Esben Byskoy: cracks in Concrete Structures. A Beacture Mechanics Approach. 1975. Sarensen, Hans Ohr.: Efficieney of Eent-up ars as Shear Reinforeenent. 1973. Keenk, Steen: Singular integral formlering af nogle plane friktconsfri Kontaktproblener. 1973+ Pail:peen, Claus: An investigation cf the stability of column’ with thin-walled open cross-section. 1373. TMetlgaard, Bsko: Inteuralligningsmetoder anvendt ph provlenér inden for bygningsstatsklen. 1975. Honpichsen, Lars: Linearly viscoelastic finite elements. 1973. Bryndum, Mads: Litteraturstudium vedrrende let konstruktionsbeton. 1973. Holst, Ole: Beregning af plane rammekonstruktioner med geonetrisk ikelineariiet- 2975+ Krenchel, Herber vials. 1975. Borchersen, Egil: Noire pattern deformation theory and optical filtering techniques. 1978. Brpedur-Nielsen, Troels: Optimum design of reinfor- eed concrete shells and slabs. 1974. Pedersen, Flemming Bligaard: Dynamic properties of anvivvsbration mountines. 297M. Philipgen, Claus: Interferensholograrisk pestenmel~ ge af legemers form og fiytningerel'. 197%. Larsen, H.J. 0g H. Riberholt: Tvartareeyne at sem ob avkkere i span- og trefiberplader. 197%. Poulsen, P.E-+ The photo-elastic effect in three- sdirensiond) states of stress. 1974. Nielsen, J,: Ngdeliove for kornede medion med sar Uige’Rehelik pa siloncdetler. 1974. Krenk, Steen: The problem of an inclined erack in anelastie sirip. 1974, Brondum-Wielsen, Troels: Effect of prestress on the dampins of concrete, sffert af Broutiss on the Falieue wtrencth of port-tenesoned concrete Beant. 1978 Egerup, Arne Ryden, H. 1. Larsen, H. Riberholt and irik Sdrensen: Papers presented et TUSRO-V, 'ernat ional Union ef Forestry Mesearch Organ! Gation, Division V, Congress 1973. 1978+ mupture oriteria for FRC-mate-