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    Владимир Гибнуть Абс
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    Intel 80186

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    80186 Pentium

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    Intel 80186

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    37 views8 pages

    Pentium

    Uploaded by

    Владимир Гибнуть Абс
    Intel 80186

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 8
    os a - coe B80 13 & Chapter 3; Advanced vrei 2 “The 80186 GPU isa high pétformance 8 MHz procsssor and can address one mega byte oh ofp rial inemor, Tei more powerful than 8086 and completely software compatible with 8086, In 80184, aos: ofthe 4086 instructions execute ina fever clock cycles, because ofthe hardware enhancement in the exec 0 wait andthe bus interface unit. The 80186 bus interface unit and execution uit operate in similar maaaes 1 ih ability. The integration of various peripherals it de the fm designed using 80186 and hence it can be ter ne4.a5 of the 8086 processor units with advanced hardware cap processor chip decreases the complexity of the subsyst a microcontroller. : rane mgome , M sane nagirt : oi eons Can tn NT ye =| | | Li | T T 2. Wit mie eee a Ts, | oe ee tn jo ABS ick AD x at apis Aas Figure 9.2 Intel 80186 CPU intemal block diagram (Intel Cerp. ) | Softwaro Enhancements: The 80186 micror-ocessor has 16 additional insizctions as compared to the 8086 microproces:: ~. They are, ENTER Snter a Procedure LEAVE Leave a Procedure ° orm Check for an a:-.y index validity PUSH: Push all registers cnto the stack OPA Pop all registers fr.4 the stack PUSH inncdiate Push immediate numeric value onto the stack ms tuput ptring byte or vere es a Output curing byte or word IMUL dest, source, instructions simplify asszinuly programming and faci‘izae the impl ion OF Programtning with improved performance, ‘ac implementation of : fate dest €sc.:72 * immediate Microprocessor x86 Programming 9,3 INTEL 80286 PROCESSOR “The Intel 80286 is a 16-bit, high performance microprocessor which supports multitasking. It has 24 ad- dress lines and is capable of directly addressing 16 Mb (2) of physical memory. thas memory management capobility wit four levels of memory protection. It supports implementation of virtual memory and operating system, The assignment of privilege to the software module allows the processor to enforce the hierarchial Pee relationship among the software modules at run time, The code segments which are more privileged than ‘ontrol of the 80286 hardware, It prevents the application those of the operating system tasks, takes programs from performing V/O, responding to interrupts, and calling the system services directly except through pre-established entry points. The 8086, 80186, and 80286 CPU family contains same basic set of registers, instructions, and the addressing modes. . LF “The overall organisation of the 80286 microprocessor is shown in Figure 9.3. ‘ADDRESS UNIT (AU) REGISTERS| € : - : Figuré 9:3 "Intel 60286 C. (' Internal Block diagram ( Intel Goi; ) Functional Units: The 80286 processor consists of four functional units. They are, ‘© Bus Interface Unit (BIU) + ‘Instruction Unit (IU) ® sution Unit (EU) + Address Unit (AU) ‘All the four units work fn parallel within the CPU. us Interface Unit (BIU): The :emory or peripheral device Ke" Write operations are perforaied tun?t The BIU prefetches the instructions and places them in a 6-by‘e instruction buffer while execvting the _ gurree + instruction. 7 Instruction Unit (IU): The instruction unit decodes the instructions prefetched by the BIU and maintains a queue of three deco:!e4 instructions for execution. a c Execution Unit (LU): Tie execution unit execute, instructions. : ‘ » Reh SSE ictions from the queue “Address Unit (AU): The address unit is responsible for computation of the address of the memory cr VO devices which is sent by the bus interface unit for read and write operation. e Operating Modes ‘The 80286 processor operates in two modes: Real mode and Protected Virtual mode. Initially, the CPU will be in real mode. It can be switched to the protected mode by setting the protection enable (PE) bit of a new system register, in the machine status word. Real Mode: In real mode, the CPU of 80286 operates as high performance 8086 compatible processor. It ‘emulates 8086 as a high performance CPU and will be able to address 1 Mb of physical memory. Protected Virtual Mode: In virtual address mode, the memory management unit of 80286 can address the physical memory of 16 Mb directly and can support 1 Gb (Giga Byte) of virtual memory. The virtual memory ‘segments are swapped in fromv/to disk storage with to/from 16 Mb of physical memory. Protected virtual mode is useful for implementing the multiuser and multitasking system. The CPU supports a four-level memory protection such that the user programs cannot modify or interfere with the other user's data and code. It can protect the operating system from the user programs. 9.4 INTEL 80386 PROCESSOR The Intel 80386 is the first 32-bit CPU in x86 family of processors. It has 32-bit data bus and 32-bit nonmultiplexed address bus. It is capable of directly addressing 4 gigabyte ( 2") of physical memory and supports 64 terabyte ( 2") of virtual memory. The overall organisation of 80386 microprocessor is shown in Figure 9.4. we Sey SEGMENT UN scour negusren PSRBOR CACHE, SEGMENT ‘UNIT [BARREL SHIFTER INSTRUCTION (QUEUE = QUEUE} UNIT | ‘CODE PREFE “Ht 1 UNIT Figure 9.4 Inte! 60386 CPU Internal block diagram ( Intel Corp. ) ‘The 80386 consists of «i functional units. They are, * Bus Interface Unis Execution Unit Segment Unit E ging Unit 3 4 Inst-uetion Decode Unit Code Prefetch Unit © rf Microprocessor x86 Programming Operating Modes ‘The 80386 CPU can operate in three modes. They are, {* Real Mode +: 8086 compatible mode ( + Protected Mode: 80286 compatible protected mode + Virtual Mode: 8086 environment created wi tected mode the protected mode and delivers full 32-bit addressing. The x ‘ 2 ‘Che processor executes 32-bit Code segment three operating modes are shown in Figure 9.5. 16-81 Operation x 2006-8083 —> Persenal Computer (PC) REAL Mode protecreo wee | (toto [+ PTET] Lt -———— 80288 ——__—> PCIAT Rist Mode #°OTECTED Mode ‘ 2 a) 18- Bit 22- Bit | (access) |procensoreavie | es — 80986 PCIAT Figure 9.5 8086, 80286, and 20380 CPU Operating Mode Development The 80386 processei always stests execution in the }._AL mode which runs in the 8C -» compai.le mode. The 8086 microprocessor is a 16-bit processor supporting only REAL mode and can address 1 Mb (2) of physical me:. . The 80386's 8086 compati' «de allows the 808€ softwa: n without modification at the speed of 80380 CPU. ‘The 80286 CPU is an advanced 16-bit processor, which operates in both the REAL and the PROTECTED. ater mode and can address 16 iS of physical memory. The aciiscssing capability of 80286 is sixteen times ared to the 8086 process. The compufer system built ith 8086/8048 is called as Personal SPC) TRE FCS built with £2724 or higher version precess..“* aré called as PC-AT. The 33% sai z cai address 4 Gb of physic! .. The 80386 supports © more operating mode known as subordinate VIRTUAL mode. It is fully compatible with 8086 processor and CTED ory. links the existing software. the complete operation of the it hardware is provided in the * ROTECTED mode. In the PRO? mode ‘cither in-16-bit or 32-bit), the 80386 can enable its paging unit for full support of the VIRTUAL m: relies. ‘> programmer from the lic: tation Of addressing of the pii:

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