5/1196 v3 DEFINITIONS “THE DATUM shall be taken as the elevation ofthat surface 3m which the weight of the pump Is supported. This is normally the elevation of the underside of the discharge head or head base plate. THE SETTING is the nominal vertical distance in feet (meters) from the datum to the column pipe connection at the bowl asembly. ‘THE STATIC WATER LEVEL is the vertical distance in feet (meters) from the datum to the level of the atmospheric, surface while no water is being drawn from the pool ‘THE PUMPING WATER LEVEL is the vertical distance in feet (meters) from the datum to the level af the atmospheric surface while the specified fluid flow is being drawn from the pool, DRAWDOWN isthe difference in feet (meters) between the pumping water level and the static water level SPECIFIC YIELD, expresed in US gallons per minute per foot of drawdown (liters per second per meter of drawdown) is the rate of flow being pumped from the well divided by the total drawdown as measured during the metered flow rate. ‘THE CAPACITY OF THE PUMPis the volume rate of flow, Q, expressed in gpm (m*sh) produced by the pump, calculated for specified conditions. ‘THE PUMP SPEED OF ROTATION, n, isthe rate of rotation ofthe pump shaft, expressed in revolutions per minute (rom) “ar revolutions per second (rps). AEADis quantity used to express the energy content of the liquid per unit weight of the liquid, referred to any arbitrary datum. Interms of foot-pounds (meter-kilograms) of energy Per pound (kilogram) being pumped. all head quantities have the dimension of feet (meters) of liquid. HEAD BELOW DATUM, h,, is the vertical distance in feet (meters) between the datum and the pumping water level HEAD ABOVE DATUM, h,, is the head measured above the datum, expressed in feet (meters) of liquid, plus the velocity head at the point of measurement. VELOCITY HEAD, h,, is the kinetic energy per unit weight of the liquid at a given section expressed in feet (meters) Of liquid, Velocity head is specifically defined by the expressionh, = v? + 2ginwhich gis 2.17 fUs* (9.81 mis? and v is velocity in fis (m’s). SUCTIONHEAD, h,, (closed system) isthe algebraic sum of the pressure in feet (meters) of liquid (measured at the ump suction connection) and the velocity head at that point. Pump suction connection is that point at which the suction piping is attached to the pump bow! assembly or its enclosing vessel. Note that a negative suction head will {add to the vertical distance from the datum due to the algebraic subtraction of a negative quantity, PUMP TOTAL HEAD, H, is the bow! assembly head (Sec. ‘A2.12.6) minus the column loss (Sec. A2.12.7) and _discharge head loss (Sec. A2.12.8). This is the head yenerally called for in pump specifications. ONWETPIT INSTALLATIONS, pump total head, H, is the sum ofthe head below datum and the head above datum, ON DRY PIT INSTALLATIONS, pump total head, H, is the above datum ,n,, plus the vertical distance in feet (meters) from the datum to the pump suction connection minus the suction head, h, BOWL ASSEMBLY HEAD, h,, is the energy imparted to the liquid by the pump bow! assembly, expressed in feet (meters) of liquid, tis the head developed atthe discharge Connection of the bow! assembly and is an integral multiple ofthe head per stage as shown on the catalog rating chart, depending on the number of stages in the bowl assembly, ‘THE COLUMN LOSS, h,, is the value of the head loss, expressed in feet (meters), caused by the tlow friction in the column pipe. DISCHARGE HEADLOSS, h,, isthe value of the head loss expressed in feet (meters), caused by the flow friction in the discharge head assembly. THE LINE SHAFT LOSS is the power, expressed in horsepower, (kW), required due to the rotation friction ofthe line shatt. This vaiue is added to the bow! assembly input to predict the pump input POWER is expressed in units of horsepower, (kW). One horsepower is equivalent to 550 ft-lb per second, 33,000 ft-lb per minute, 2545 Btu per hour, of 0.746 (kW). PUMP POWER INPUT is the power delivered to the top shaft by the driver, expressed in horsepower, (kW). DRIVER POWER INPUT is the power input to the driver, expressed in horsepower, (kW). BOWL ASSEMBLY POWER INPUT the power delivered tothe bowl assembly shait, expressed in horsepower, (kW). PUMP POWER OUTPUT is defined as QH +3960 for water having a specific weight of 62.4 Ib per cubic foot (relative density of 1.0). It is expressed in horsepower (hp x 0.746 = kW) when Q is in gallons per minute and H is in feet, a | water, BOWL OUTPUT is defined asQh, + 3960 or water having a specific weight of 62.4 Ib per cubic foot (relative density of 1.0). itis expressed in horsepower (hp x 0.746 = KW) when Q is in gallons per minute and h, is in feet of water. PUMPEFFICIENCY, E,, is the ratio of pump power output to pump input, expressed in per cent OVERALL EFFICIENCY, E, is ratio of pump power output to prime mover power input, expressed in per cent DRIVER EFFICIENCY, E,, is the ratio of the driver power output of the driver power input, expressed in per cent. BOWL ASSEMBLY EFFICIENCY, E,, isthe ratio of the bow! Output to the bow! assembly input, expressed in per cent Thisis the efficiency that is usually shown on catalog rating chan.IV-4 S116 USEFUL FORMULAS (GPM x 833 x Head __GPM x Head Eoctcal ter Horsepower = GPM * 833 x Head __GPM x Heag “S080 one impute = BHP _ 4826 x KxMxA _ 1.782 xE x1 x PF were Wr T 746 (GPM = Galons Per Minute 13.39 = Pounds of water per gallon woeRe 33,000 Head Lbs. per minute in one Hp. erence in energy head i eet (eld head) som ap Hex GPM Se. 0 = El wntere. GPM = Gallons Per Minute Head = Lab. Head {including column oss) Fl = Lab Ett of Pump Bows (trom perlormance curves) Fold BHP aboratory BHP + Shalt Loss ‘Shaft Loss = HP loss due to mechanical ction of line shaft bearings Total BHP = Bowl BHP + Thrust Bearng Loss + Shalt Loss| Trwust Bearing Loss = Horsepower Loss in Onver Thrust Bearings (See NOTE 1.) Total Bt ‘Motor Ei Input Horsepower = Motor elticiency rom motor manutacturer (decal) Water Horsepower Total BHP Water HP as determined above Total HP as determined above Field ciency = we Input Water Hp as determined above Input Hp as determined above (See NOTE 2) Overall Plant Etfciency [BHP ~ Brake Horsepower as determined above Mtr Ett = Rated Motor Elfeiency K = Power Company Meter Constant ¥ = Power Company Meter Mutt. ‘oF Ratio of Current and Potential Transformers Connected with Meter evolutions of Meter Disk mein See. lor R E = Voltage per Leg Applied to Motor imperes per Leg Applied to Motor PF = Power Factor of Motor 1.732 = Factor fo 3-phase Motors (This reduces 101 lor single phase motors) 1792 E x1 x PF Kicowatt Input to Motor = 746 x Input HP = a " 7.000 KW:Hies Per 1,000 Gallons _HG. (t) x 0.00815, lof Cola Waler Pumped Per Hr“ Pump Ef. x Motor Et Mis, Discharge Pressute (PSI) x 2:31 charge Head (io! uid pumpea) ~ Discharge Pressure (PS!) x 231 Seas pumped) « Sp. Gr of Fd Pumped a V = Velocity of Water (Ft Sec.) 26 G = Acceleration Due to Gravity 92.17 Weee” Velocity Head = Torque oot pounds) HP = Horsepower Hp « 5.250 N N= RPM NoTES: 1. Thrust bearing losses in HP per 100 RPM per 1,000 Ibe. thru FR, 182TP.215TP- 0050 FR. 2547P ort 2861P-258TP - 0085 S247? -s06rP - 0132 ‘a6aTP-365TP - 0148 4047 -4251P- 0165, ‘444TP-505TP - 0170 Stacked. Brg Spherical roller and Kinsgbury bearing - refer o factory. 2. Overall plant officiency sometimes referred to as “wir 1 water” ecioncy. ‘3. Add 4% to bow otal BHP to cover right angle gear and faible shaft ‘mechanical losses, SHAFT ELONGATION FOR WELL PUMP APPLICATIONS Line shatts on deep well pumps will stretch when the pump is in operation due to the hydraulic thrust generated by the impellers. When adjusting the pump It is necessary to raise the impellers sufficiently to compensate for the elongation. The folowing formula can be used to caloulate the elongation and the required axial clearance n the bowl assembly. Note thatthe “dead weight" does noteffect the required axial clearance since once the impellers are ‘2 off their Seat the “dead weight" will have no further effect. Al, _aft adjustments for elongation should be made after the ipellers clear their seat. If the shaft elongation exceeds the standard axial clearance indicated on the bows performance curve page, it is necessary to furnish the pump with “extra lateral” by machining, SHAFT ELONGATION FORMULA, BHxSxKx12 ° = Ax29,000,000 © = Elongation due to Hydraulic Thrust ninches BH = BowiHead infect 'S = Setting infect k = Thrust Factor for pump (see curve) ‘A = Shaft Areain square inches511196 CONVERSION TABLES UNITS OF FLOW UNITS OF LENGTH Us. JMILLION] CUBIC T CUBIC (1) Inch = 0893 Ft. = .0278 Ya. |caLions} US. | FEET |METERS | uTeRS | | (1) Ft = 12 Inches Pen |aalions per | PER | PER | |) vara = 36 Inches UNITS: MINUTE |PERDAY|SECOND| HOUR |secoND} | {1 Vite! = soso Ft, 1760 Vas. = 1.61 km (US. Gallons (1) Meter = 3.281 Ft. = 39.97 In, = .000622 Miles = .001 km| PerNinute 1 | oor440 | oozes | 2270 | .0681_| | (1) Kilometor = 1000m = 1093.61 Yds. = 62137 Miles = 3281 Ft. ()Miion PerDay | 6045 | 1 | 1547 | 19773 | 498 (CuFLPerSecond | 4488 | oe | 1 | tia | zeae (7)OuMeterPerHow | 4.405 | 0064 | coset [1 | 2770 (‘puterPerSecord | 1585 | coe | osss [360 [1 UNITS OF PRESSURE AND HEAD LBS. PER FEET METERS INCHES KILOGRAMS SQUARE OF ‘OF OF PER UNIT INCH WATER, WATER MERCURY | ATMOSPHERES | SQUARE CM (LB. Per Square inch 1 231 704 2.04 0681 0703 (1) Footof Water 433 1 305 882 92047, 0305 (1) Meter of Water 1.421 328 1 2.89) 0967, 4 (inch of Mercury 491 1.134 3456 1 0334 0345) (1) Atmosphere {atSeaLevel) 14.70 33.93 10.34 29.92 1 1.033 (Kilogram Per Sa. GM 14.22 32.8 10 28.98 968 1 Equivalent units are based on densily of fresh wator atom 2 to 62° F quivalent units are based on density of mercury a from 32 to 62° F. (sufficient accuracy). ‘ach 1000 feet of ascent decreases pressure about /4 pound per square inch. UNITS OF VOLUME AND WEIGHT us IMPERIAL | CUBIC. CUBIC “AGRE ‘CUBIC, UNITS GALLONS | GALLONS | INCHES FEET FEET |Pounos:| MeTeRS | LITERS (US Gallon 1 833 231 1337 | 00000307 | 835 0378s [3.785 (imperial Gation | 1.201 1 2774 1605 | 00000369 | 10.02 | .0os546 | 4.546 (1) Cubicinch (00493 (00360 1 (000579 ~ 0361 164 (1) Cubic Foot 7.48 6.23, 1728 1 ‘00000230 | 62.4 ‘oasae | 28.32 (1)AcreFoot | 325,850 | 271,395 43,560 1 - 1233.5 (1) Pound* 120 0998 277 0160 1 454 ()CubicMeter_ [264.2 220 61,028 35,314 ‘cost | 2205 1 1000 (Liter 2642, 220) 61,023 0353 2.205 1 Weights shown based on maximum density of fresh water at 35°F.V-6 5/1/96 FORMULA FOR CHANGING PUMP SPEED CHANGES IN PERFORMANCE, Pump curves are generally based on standard motor speeds. For performance of pumps at speeds other than those published, itis necessary to calculate new capacity, head, and BHP. The following Affinity Laws are used in speed variation calculations: 1. The capacity of a turbine pump varies in direct proportion to the speed. 2. The head of aturbine pump varies in proportion tothe square of the speed. 3. The horsepower varies in proportion to the cube of the speed In general, it is good engineering practice not to increase the speed of a turbine pump designed for 1770 RPM to ‘more than 2200 RPM. At higher RPM harmonic or shaft vibration may occur causing excessive wear in the pump. FORMULAS: a = age N23 HP, = BHP, [=] : e ) Brake Horsepower ‘Speed in RPM (published) Speed in RPM (required) NOTE: Do not exceed minimum tim diameter indicated on standard catalog curve, IMPELLER DIAMETER TRIM PROCEDURE CHANGES IN PERFORMANCE ‘The effect of changing the outer diameter is to decrease the peripheral speed of the impeller which has exactly the same effect asreducing the rotative speed without altering the diameter. The effect is to change the head generated in proportion to the square of the speed, or the square of the diameter, according to the fundamental formula: 2GH Gravity (32.17 feet per second) Head (in feet) When the peripheral speed is changed, however, the velocity of the water flowing through the impeller is changed indirect proportion. Since this changes the quantity of water dlivered, both changes must be considered when trimming an impeller. There's stilla third factorto be considered. Assuming there is nomajor change in the speed (with the quantity in direct proportion to the diameter, and the head in proportion to the square) the work done (or power required) will be as the product of the two which is proportional to the cube of the diameter. EXAMPLE: ‘Animpelier of 8inch outside diameter (of vanes) is rated to deliver 1000 GPMat 40 feethead, and requires a driver of 15 BHP. (Data taken from a published curve.) What will be the effect of changing the diameter to 7% inches? ‘SOLUTION: The direct ratio of diameters will be: 7.50 + 8.125 = .923 So the new Quantity will be: .923 x 1000 = 923 GPM The square of the ratio will be: .923 x.923 = 852 So the new Head will be: .852 x 40 = 34.08 Ft The cube of the ratio will be: 923 x .923 x .923 = .786 So the new power will be: .786 x 15 = 11.79 BHP The efficiency is stil another factor to be considered. It is ‘not seriously altered for small changes in diameter. Refer tobow! performance curves for actual changein efficiency. Since a pump is made of several bowls with impellers, itis only necessary to figure one impeller. The new head is multiplied by the number of stages forthe whole pump. The quantity and efficiency, however, will be as calculated for the single impeller, as all will perform the same in series, This procedure applies in the same way to open and enclosed impellers TRIM ANGLE: ‘TRIM DIA + Alimpotors require lower shroud removal for iltim diameters. Semi-open impellar tim diameters are measured the same Way.