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Biaxial bending (rectangular cross‐section)   Ref. EN 1992-1-1

– Doubly reinforced section –   Sec. 9.5
Sec. 5.8.9 – Exp. (5.39)
Sec. 6.1 – Figure 6.1
Geometry cross‐section 
Rectangular shape: Cl. 9.5.1(1): b/h ≥ 0,25
Width b = 400 mm (width in respect of minor axis x-x)
Height h = 650 mm (depth in respect of major axis y-y)

Analysis ‐ (biaxial bending with a ≠ 0)  See “a” in Exp. (5.39)

2nd order effects in each direction (x-x and y-y) taken into account:
– bending moment about x-x axis (ULS): MEdx = 370 kNm ( > 0)
– bending moment about y-y axis (ULS): MEdy = 70 kNm ( > 0)
– axial load on column (ULS): NEd = 700 kN (compressive).

Materials – characteristic/design strengths 
Concrete 
Strength class for concrete:
fck = 30 N/mm2 = 30 MPa Table 3.1
fcd = accfck/gc = 1,00fck/1,50 = 20,00 N/mm2

Steel 
Strength of reinforcement (Class C): uk = 7,50%  ud = 0,9uk = 6,75% Table C.1 – Annex C

fyk = 500 N/mm2 = 500 MPa

fyd = fyk/s = fyk/1,15 = 0,87fyk = 435 N/mm2 = constant Cl. 3.2.7(2) b)
Es = 200 GPa; yd = fyd/Es = 0,002174 [-].

Stress‐strain diagrams  Figure 3.5 – modified

Grade of concrete C30/37 with cu3 = 3,5/103, c3 = 1,75/103
 = 1,00,  = 0,80.
 

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03/06/2014 Calculation sheet Page 1 of 4
BiaxialBending(2).xls
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Durability and cover to reinforcement 
Nominal cover to enclosing link:
cnom = cmin + cdev = 30 mm Exp. (4.1)

Geometry 
Maximum size of aggregate: dg = 25 mm Cl. 8.2(2) – Note
Diameter of enclosing link: link = 10 mm (shear requirements)

Main longitudinal reinforcement (provided)  [@section being

Top steel: 5H18 considered]
vertical bars on the right side: 3H18
vertical bars on the left side: 3H18
Bottom steel: 5H18

Areas of reinforcement – BRESLER Method  Sec. 5.8.9(4)

■ For bending moment about x-x axis :
Top: As2x = 5H18 = 1272 mm² (d2 = 49 mm)
Bottom: Asx = 5H18 = 1272 mm²
(d1 = 49 mm  d = h – d1 = 601 mm). Effective depth  x-x

■ For bending moment about y-y axis:

Top: As2y = 3H18 + (1H18 + 1H18) = 1272 mm² (d2 = 49 mm)
Bottom: Asy = 3H18 + (1H18 + 1H18) = 1272 mm²
Effective depth  y-y
(d1 = 49 mm  d = h – d1 = 351 mm).

Reference file:
03/06/2014 Calculation sheet Page 2 of 4
BiaxialBending(2).xls
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800
IJ MRd,x: NRd interaction
700 H
K chart for b = 400 mm x
L h = 650 mm
600 G

MRdx M
500
Moment, MEdx [kNm]

400 F N
700; 370

300

200

Mmin
100 E

D
LEGENDA
0 C B O
A) s2   0,01;   0 @ x  h
-100 A B) s  s2   ud
C) s   ud; c  0
-200 D) s   ud; c  c3
-2000 -1000 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 E) s   ud; c  cu3
Axial compression, NEd [kN] F) s   0,01; c  c3
Note: (biaxial bending with a ≠ 0). G) s   0,01; c  cu3
450 H) s   0,005; c  cu3
IJ I) s   0,0025; c  cu3
K
400 H J) s    yd   Es / fyd; c  cu3
L
K) s   ( yd  0,0001); c  cu3
350 L) s   0,0012; c  cu3
G M M) s   0,0002; c  cu3
300 MRdy
N) c  cu3 ; x  h
O) s  s2  c  c3
250
Moment, MEdy [kNm]

200 F

150
Mmin
100

700; 70
50 E

D
0 C B O
A MRd,y: NRd interaction
-50 chart for b = 650 mm x
h = 400 mm
-100
-2000 -1000 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000
Axial compression, NEd [kN]

Reference file:
03/06/2014 Calculation sheet Page 3 of 4
BiaxialBending(2).xls
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Reinforcement details 
As,tot = 5H18 + 5H18 + 3H18 + 3H18 = 4072 mm².
As,min = MAX[0,10NEd/fyd; 0,002bh] = 575 mm2 ≤ As,tot (satisfactory) Cl. 9.5.2(2) – Note
Cl. 9.5.2(3) – Note
As,max = 0,04bh = 10400 mm2 ≥ As,tot (satisfactory).

BRESLER Method 
NEd = 700 kN (compressive).
NRd = bhfcd + As,totfyd = Cl. 5.8.9(4)
= [(400)(650)(20,00) + (4072)(434,8)]/1000 = 6970 kN.

Biaxial bending for 0,1 < NEd/NRd < 1,0 (rectangular sections).
In this case:
NEd/NRd = 0,10  a = 1,00 (biaxial bending with a ≠ 0). Cl. 5.8.9 – Exp. (5.39)

With NEd = 700 kN (compressive):

MRd,x = 493 kNm (ULS)

MRd,y = 285 kNm (ULS)

MEdx = 370 kNm (ULS)

MEdy = 70 kNm (ULS)

a a
 MEdx   MEdy  1,00 Exp. (5.39)
      (370/493) + (70/285)1,00 =
M M
 Rd,x   Rd,y 
= 0,750 + 0,245 = 0,995 ≤ 1 (satisfactory)
(biaxial bending with a ≠ 0).

Note 
NEd N
d   Ed  0,135.
A c fcd bhfcd

Reference file:
03/06/2014 Calculation sheet Page 4 of 4
BiaxialBending(2).xls