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Sadiku * RUR ASA PMB BE Fundamentals of Electric Circuits Hewes = Fifth Edition CG) i I ae tH Wi it China Machine PressBABE (CIP) BGR FEBS HEA (F598 5 Riz) / (38) WG ( Alexander, C. K.) $4; ROR. dt: PUT, 2014.7 (SbF SHS LEAR AAS) $408: Fundamentals of Electric Circuits, Fifth Edition ISBN 978-7-111-47088-5 Lt: IL Dil QB IL Hake IV. TM13 PERISH CIP BSE ( 2014 ) $8 131094 ABMALBIS: BF: 01-2012-8917 Charles K. Alexander, Matthew N. 0. Sadiku: Fundamentals of Electric Circuits, Fifth Edition (ISBN: 978-0-07-338057-5 ). Copyright © 2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including without limitation photocopying, recording, taping, or any database, information or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. 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SUSE ABH, RAS Pearson, McGraw-Hill, Elsevier, John Wiley & Sons, CRC, Springer % ih RH % HMA 5) BI T RAS EK A, MATL A ES Ar ‘BLUE tt] Thomas L. Floyd, Charles K. Alexander, Behzad Razavi, John G. Proakis, Stephen Brown, Allan R. Hambley, Albert Malvino, Mark I. Montrose, David A. Johns , Peter Wilson , H. Vincent Poor, Dik- shitulu K. Kalluri , Bhag Singh Guru, Stephane Mallat SAVES RMBMAH , LL “EVN F SBA TERMS” OPAL, ORB, RRR. KAMER SIT RAO, HE SE RIBERA ADS G59 «HORE “HERE N AS RE” Pe Aa ck At a SW He A BE BT RA. uBR Ee. BSA. OAS. PRAT: MITRE, CHA RATTAN TM RIE. MeBT Se ELAR SLA ARNT 5 A RAC, BOR Oh SF BAIA BE AT, BUTT LAR IS TT ETE ER AT FR — HbR MCSE AP). EE a] MD A HT RT Pe Re PTE. 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KFA RAILS ANTAL VANE www. megrawhilleonnect. com /engineering. RM SAEMIG EER www. mbhe. com /alexander B]/ #5485745 A036 APF & BUI MONT SH Ae EUR. LIST AS MH >] FORA BAER. PSpice A MultiSim [a]. EF URE. PNR. US a LAR a SF, LWA. hide, WR PSpice, MultiSim, MATLAB #1 KCIDE 8931 ff). i& 7S USS. COSMOS 25, SEA SEMENICEAR IED Ts SEA AEE FE AIT AC AY BE A >I AL feu. ANmuBRANASi. BSS MIRA KCIDE KCIDE Sch NASA PB), SEAIAMMIASE (Cleveland State University) FPR, AA ASA OAS SRR AAs HE PB AF 5) RGD. KOIDE 84K PE 50 HEME ALIA] PSpice M1 MATLAB ARae PSG. PRERNAR IE MMM SY. Ih, WRAP EATDL El ayti me Word 5CHELLR Power Point SHARKS. KCIDE HAE ATLL EH FM HDA BAN IE ETRE BUTE A LEE OT HS OAL, Ew S-HR HB (McGraw-Hill Create™) RE POURS E Hl EATS DLAC A BER! AT EA A OR AE, PRET LISSA ARE, AE HASREMHMS, ELC CRORAAMRERS Zid, EMRALH, PRTUERLTTE F ZICHWRBEMNS, HHA ALGEMENE REE Ci OEE IHR OZ F. PRAREAG. TUR BRE, MEE I~S SLA ASA AMA, MAEDA FIMUIAA FH. ER www. megrawhillereate. com FE Ht HHS 9-H KABA, HSE RE BR Bit EAD ZIR, WCBAR RATT (Hannah 45 Kikelomo), JL (Christina, Tamara, Jennifer, Motunrayo, Ann fil Joyce), JLF (Baixi) (ARH HME MINN SHE. Hoh, FRA TUS BERRI Baixi (SLES Baixi Su Alexander HQ) Mucsteee KET ASAI >, HER > BLAM NE, AERA FEAR. TERN SAAR, BOTA REAR AN CL FAL YEA BA: Raghu Srinivasan, HSM RH. UR EAD A 4H; Lora Kalb-Neyens, JFMi4it; Curt Reynolds, iiH5468E; Joyce Watters, P*SR88HE; iS4T Margarite Reynolds, Bit#. 5S 5 RAB RF HME 25 4 HRCA AC TRIAS HH IFIC SFT A 5a! Sh, DLE ASDA AYRD EAR AH TEA TR EE RITE HEB) s Alok Berry, #iGHEAE (George Mason University) Vahe Caliskan, (AGA ZINE HE (University of Illinois-Chicago) Archie Holmes, #823/€MZX*# (University of Virginia) Anton Kruger, 324442X% (University of Iowa) Arnost Neugroschel, 63 Hi A*# (University of Florida) Arun Ravindran, 46-6 9 AA Dis) BE (University of North Carolina-Charlotte) SIG, PA TSE RR EF ZT AG A BY I AH A THE AY AA RES OOO. STM GRRE, AAAS HINER A. Charles Alexander (IK AHA c. alexander@ ieee. org, Matthew Sadiku #)9# HAUL sadiku@ieee. org. C.K. Alexander 5 M. N. O. SadikuATER BLA. REBTL BETO AN SHR A EMEA (LTR ATRAEMRA. HTHRARP RAO, RNS TB. KORA RMARERS XTRA ALA MERE]. MUR AEMPICEE PLR, MER ETT ALG FS © RHARREASMBTLARAOEM, MUMBA RARE SH AS A OMELETTE —TORMD, MYRTESHEM AAG, PERRET AE OHA, RERORREE SNAG, SOR TEREMD. Wh, ESARA-EREMIE. © 25M HAH) PSpice fl MultiSim FRAT PALER DATE. PSpice e+ Ait PALA AHN Spice, f PREAFBRATIOE RR DTA. ERAN EIBT Windows hiARY PSpice #1 MultiSim, ABLES] PSpice A (BL) MultiSizn, APR] Ll (8 PAIK 26 A Be CE fe 5] HE OR A TE OMAR. © MATLAB 25 —T REST HAE AE, SAU SAB). CERT I LTR BI—MaiH) MATLAB #2, >] MATLAB RHE, —BRMTRA GS, RIA elt. © F—-HNKEDDRANBREASH MAL. KE PATS AT REBT BROOK A, (ORES ERED ERA KC BS a. RATE BA ET BORK ES AY TOF ot —- KER RUHR AG, CMPD RM— MERE LARA BHAT A “BT. ORK, REKTHESSHHD, RARMAABHSRORAMVEA DMN. II, HAW HR AEBOMTD BORSA YBAREKEMLERET AMMA. AN, ADH SET OE REMLHLL, CAMAKLF TAKAEKS CURT IHITRAG, MARA WHERA, AT, RONMBNVAAEM SMH LAB! HAE FAB, (AE AITE RR ARB 20 Hide 60 ERMKWBHE LEAR. KHL, CARE BM. RI, DAWLABRRAMEWAA. YRRA-TEEM, RAKE LR A, HARRKERLA! RAREROR VALE, KSRRAKRRAA © FRASER A. CK AS MNOSfeS RS ~~ Charles K. Alexander i 3 15 ( % (RIN 53 FAMINE KEE (Fenn) L# RBCS RA LERAE, HER TESMEMRRADT bo EE. 2002~2006 4, {hf Fenn L#BEBEK. 2004~2007 HF, HERA RICE FAEHOEE, ALS. Bil, STE SERB HO (AIKEN WA, Case KF, Akron KAMA AML Ah MHS TE). 1998~ 2002 2, (HEHE BE th SACHA AT NHB: CE (2000 4 AN 2001 2) ALAR A RAS AT EG PL AF RAN Stocker HF Ie] MH. 1994~1996 $F, HREM AAEM eA Cw 5} eT Sit LAS REE. 1989~1994 &, fHiH{E Temple KF CREM BK, HE 1986~ 1989 4 Temple AY BALA AM RRA REE. 1980~1986 , fhtE WR A AAR ERR fir. 1972~ 1980, fh sy BMT IN AE SL A AY BH AH, 1977 EE “AREAL” RAT Aa. 1971~1972 F, hARARAeETL BAN MMB. Hh 1965 ERGRARAHAFELALEL HU, MBIT 1967 Ao 1971 ERG RARAPEO EAL * Alexander SLE 23 15) BAO], ESE. GEMMA AS). MARR 8500 FAAMARAA RRS, THA GM ARHE NL API CA. ALE HM 40 aba, B14 — AO APPR RR, (ALE I-AA MAM LE) (Fundamentals of Electric Circuits, Problem Solving Made Almost Easy) #1 (Standard Handbook of Electronic Engineering) (35 5 (Si) SHBAOSWH. WHR T 500 Fei ie CAITR AE EF Alexander ($-Jé IEEE #4) 4 fe tk (Et Al Ze 1997 FAH 4E IEE PR AI CEO, 1993 4F Al 1994 *F, {EE TEEE 41450), HELA (USAB) EMG. 1991~1992 4%, AL EEE BORA EE, ATWAMMEAR (RAB) A USAB, (HREM AMS AAS HL. hi ieat USAB 2S ALM A SpE FAL USAB TREE WAL SAVANE, WT RAB AE HLS BZA USAB EE lh Be FF HE BA AtEm 1998, hak AS TAS Hh Ze Hh Aa RRR, FFP 1996 Te) PA TK. 1994 HE, HL “HE LT BAT BRE Ee RI ASA He” WEY WEEE tk A. 1984 SEHR T TERE BEE, 1983 LH TT IEEE (RAB ae MRD) AA MARY RAB A) RAE 3 FH 9 TE, Matthew N. O. Sadiku i ¢(8) i LM TAP HHE. CERI T PROM IAE LM. HCE Be EW he MLS UE AE A POR (Temple) AEA. Abt Me BAIR AIL Se WA AD te DS HET ft Sadiku (4: Rit 170 RHEAIC L, MME 30 AB. 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Phares 2 te Eee AES, KEEFE, PRAESL ETOH Jo, St ELAM BDL ROR OY Jo AR AR AER AL. A ROU AL a Jo RAI IIB MLE — AH. BB AA He ARR BCR A AL HE? RAH EE RT HS Ae ER PR RTT, EMR AA. ALL AE A fot, dh, AAA, MAH IE Bl Me PURI FR. ARIAL RL BAR AE BY ABB AFT ALA Hh BTAEDRGTAAEARLM ER. KEERRAS BAAN ATOR A. LRA MA RS RRA Charles Alexander $a APE TR MTA, BTR AR HRW RAR MM ERE APR. BRAVE TR HHEPHSERERAAR. ASHR, RATURARHRBEARHROHAR HEMT, EAR CEARAKEORMAM MN ATR. RARRSEER BH HAWKER, HHURLIBASTMAS, THRSRPLALAR, PURASH TA-AEEABE. HRAEAARS, BRAS RIBRHRESH FR BE AE AOR AB A HOR aE Zk 1 A a a a HM, RAMESRARARBH, ERMA -HB, RANK-SPMEARK A Atk, HERA ARIAT A, 1.1 518 es Bf SL VG A, SG ed A ACH HH I AB CAE be BALI, ANAL LL. HEH RE LS AM eT DA A od FA AE BE gy Seo PAH Es Bie RG AE a CT BE BER Vd HB Ey ARP A: A HB AER A BL PS te BT eB AE AP Bit — AES EH AR IEC ee ME AS BAR. PELL, BRAT HE BEERS — AFA BUS A tA AS TT SEU Hp ARE AG BOE AEF a TCA A Ee AG 5S Ha SC A TTY BE POW 3B Clectric circuit) » FEL AE 14H ARAB 5) Bk Wy #4 (element),H1e RbM SG FORE ATH Bee — 7 fa FA os BAA 1-1 Bipasha TAPS ARs HAE AT AVES. A a BAT DI a a7 FF HE, AT UL ARE, Ee fi. PRT A. A RE AR HY SE A HB PRD 1-2 aR, eB CHE BL WY Dk SE. SRR A LOR AL Ae. (LSE FD PAT SY BE AS Dr 3 RATT A a BE TT. Fe) EN a RAR BT OBL BL FAIR. Fe 1-1) 4° 00 oa TEASED. ANTAL HY Hi BA EAR PALES. AY EL PRANAB A A HB NRL DT Ae DP OT, SRL ee BS PRT HAG «B.S Es BG 2PM A TS a A AY TE BB A J fd HL LD B92 +9V (DC) ‘Heh EE REM B12 KARE ARH FEF LTA: AT MU. FR. HER. RARER. CEE a FERERZ A» FERS AAR TR ATE ALL. 1.20 tha rfl Hh FL BE is BE Ah AE eT PE, PE CH ET PAL LE A BE EY ABN FFARR SX EAB OS a MEO Be a8 HS A EG A FB A ‘i international System of Unit, SD, ¥ 1960 4F A APR AER Siw ER. Bab RE ELF AEE 5 AL HT HES Hs At As OS A, AE 1-1 A TAN a A Ai ALA GABAA A EP, a 9 GB RI ATBASUS—TMABAAO SH MM ROAR anak anne RmaR ae ra Ke x m Ua FH kg af a | 3 wk UH A aoremm | UR) K wrt wel co er aL) d ed Bak PAE td OY — ES LE FT A A DAE F101 Oi SR BK PE 8 A 5 EA AD WR FR HR «BG 1-2 TR APA lO SEES BA, BAR JL ak4 8-ee ROS 7n APES 600 000 000mm = 600 000m = 600km_ Ri2 Awa we RH WME wees RRO BM Wee mans 10" SHI E 107 a d 10 we] P 10? HE € 108 LHI T 10 % m 10° Com] G 10 ‘i pl 108 8 M 10? aCe] B 10° ¥ k 10? ‘eT P lot a h lo" “RLAHE] f 10 + da 10-* PLE] a 1.30 Fay SFB Bit 859 Ee AA BS ETL A SE AE Celectric charge). “4 AMBRE 6 9 mk & EHH EE THE AUNT OR. WY AEE SL hats, RIE area. GLAM RORF OBE, MOLEC). RATT CE A WO ILA fs 2 3D sk FAT My BI WF WY «EAS FRE MPF AAD. AE AE ATH cE HLAY, JEML APE 1.602% 10-"C, THR FAG YY JR a a A TE AS RA. KPH MERU: 1. PAT. FE EAP IY A LA, 1C fH A BE L&T 1/1. 602 x 107) =6. 24X10" HF. A» SE HS FLA AEE AEA pC, nC ak CHEE 5 2. RE MO SE «SI oe Ht Fo AE = — 1. 602 X 10>" C fy MBA 3. & #% F ts @ # (law of conservation of charge) HAA, Ha AT BE AAEM Ole, th ARE RE THR, ABR. BLL At RS Ho PE RATE ARE A A Ga A 5a A EAR I 5 AT Bk — i a FS ALB, SATE — AERIS. ARPA Ce ADF A HB Ho DD Basan, BRAS leo 3 ah. TE HLA As BT ALAR Ba, OR A OG RP TM. AR LATE Hs ek a Ar eo a OD OE EAT NAL» APL 1-3. eas, a eh 9 FAN B}AE RAK WI BE Benjamin Franklin(1706—1790) $é tht fA), LAR FRA SUE UI 5 OG SEA me A eS Ej 9 ee TT PA ELS AR FAD eA EA Pa a 9 Al, AVA oe CE TE LA. ARI, — 4 Ae et a FE HH 0. SCH1e RAMS 5 an 151" 2 ib BEANE Ah 5 — ky RH, BAAD AEB RTL HALES, APMAM IEEE MMARHMRG, Kee 24% (Andre-Marie Ampere, 1775—1836), ik Hl & # Rf ty B FR, GHAAEHAHA, PF IVER OFRAHT RH XH AMER. RERETEOEH, PBATRE, MYHESEAAKES HAART RS RH. HUIS HR, RAS ERE BT TX. FBR—-LRRMABFR, BA-LTAMBAHER. BR HTS RREE. RAT RMR. RR ORE * S18 IN 2 ANS SoSH. HER FATIMA, BLA dB(A). TERE Ly Wi i. HBA g AIBA] e [HM KAN: ia Sf ay a JEP, AMAL A, JF ALA: 1A=1C/s APEC. 1) PY ASS BEE AOE Zl to Bc Z Ted He AoE, Be a.2) SRL. DAL BE EAE SAT SR HE A FA PR, AA EE AH EAD PAE, LTRS AT AP BU fa AP BRAS Pf Ja XB Td A GR HE THE AS BE Ti] EA, TTI RAP A E.R ay iA direct current, de). AR BRA AMM EL ARE RT HEC FR OL, RAVES TR 28 ot 9 7 Dl Va] LE eS HDG NE iE Ae as UE BE ‘i LY SA J TE HK tL wR AR RAB ww Caltermating current, — [| ac). o| 2 fe EA UA TE 3 AA EL TE 2) OR AT. Ae MLA Be Sf FT B15 3 IR SEM he. FRA AB ART So EL A EMBL. ASME FH JAIL SA ALF sie A ik 5 tM ATA (9G Jad AO AR A MA i a Hy A CN DT Ud, HEH BL, HO AY WR IE A I AS 5 «OL 1-5 Fis Bee PA L-Sb HAR AE Ae i BH — 5 AY + sei 15 HY Aa We HE NY + SAY Eo ik — PE PRL Lea pk Lo6 Re Hi eR safy AY a) TEN b> site BS BRT 4 600 Aha FAS > i it? fs — AHF 0 He FG 1. 602 X 107" C, He 4600 4 eta F Ay Ha fay HE WW — 1. 602 x 10-" CX 4600=—7. 369X10-¥C, < 2 MSI 1-1 HSE 6 000 000 4 iF OT Hr HO He HH SR: +9.612X10-8C TEAM AEN HL APRIE ¢=50 sindxe mC, HSE 1=0. 5s Wf HLT i= 41 = S654 sindatymC/s = Gsinkxt + 20x¢ costnt)mA dt 4 1=0.5 Bt, i = Ssin2x+ 10x cos2x = 0+ 10x = 31. 42(mA) < YM V-2 L2H, MI ¢=C10—10e*) mC, HIE = 1. Os BHAT HE. ER: 2.707mMA D WRT RE =P —DA, HB i=1s 5 1=2s ZAMA RHA tT. iB: =f ide = fae oa = (?-$)| = @-=-(1-F)=5.50 < R13 MRE TTC HE AY He BE 4A, o1 HH t=0s 5 t= 2s ZUMA TELE AY HE SR: 13.333C 14° BE MPH, BEPAAN RFRA Mish, BROMA MATER. TA eth 15 Sb BH (external electromotive force, emf) MY HE SY, He HY AY Ha oh He AE kn FY 1-3 SRA AT. HoH PRY & AK (voltage) aK 44 ¥ (potential difference). HARE a, b Bi FR ZT AY FS ag HBT APA AE DA OG BEY ACT AD. AC AURA: dw Ms Ba (1.3) UH, w ZRH, AERC g Wit, MIRE ECC): HER ve SW v. MA FEARAE CV) ALARA JE Dy 28 Be WL RAT HE, AD AC FA SH BEAR AY Alessandro Antonio Volta, 1745—1827) iii LA (ti 4% ir % HH. SKC. 3) AT LAF 1WV = 1J/C = 1N+m/C FEAR ( FRADE) IB BAM TT NORE, BARRHe RAMS 7 Azeem {K4$ (Alessandro Antonio Volta, 1745—1827), &X #l #3 FR, CRATHPRERS RRA ROEAB, ‘ay KRPHETEAAAR A-TRAK, 18 9 RRA SR, HT 1796 4 RA ah eH HE, (EF 1800 4 te A ER A A HH JE, RAR . PROTASRE, RERAAEN RORY REDENAE — eetnz gee SH. FEMA HRM 1-6 RARE a, 6 MIO ERM) FOE, ES (+A SC — FF aE MBA Hy Ti BE FR ARE + FT LAFF Be SR RE CDR BA HR LR vos DMMP S, Ka ievs. HA PRE, Yay = Ve ; (4) flan, PS 1-7 th Te — AR ed eR. A -7a Ra BF AO(+9)Vs Al-7b', RoMFAa—-OV, HAH, Bla, We WA A OV eR (voltage drop); RA AGHBL, Mak 6 BI a A OV Ie RAH (voltage rise). MAZ, M a Bak b A EMEP WOR b Bl ai a AHIR TY. oa oa l ° ov “sv oy - + > > L—ss a b) P16 HIE va RHE 17 AGE uo EMR AR Hc AF BA «MA AS A ee Ore Psy ia SV Da «i GO Td fe TE GA EA A RF OK BE «A CHL AE Hi wi wea FAS 5 a ot Bz LF RR: CALAABEDAM, MURERFRARPAH AMAA. 1.5 W#Stee FER, A DJ HB BS ASE A PL FS IR GE AR 5 HE SE BL Fad, RACY Ay BEL os “CB EW hI ACH 3h A Cpower), HLA ZEKE AT A, 100W AY AT HL BE LG GOW MULT HUE A Se JE EL QUIT AVI RE He AE, AC BE a ia ZS SA BRL BN) A AE CYT Gk BD A A BE Hy FARE BAA Bt HFA oe ZT) A «FO HEAR RUA MOAT, BT (W)o TE RAR BOF RUN8 Re RREB A, pA, AGE RCW); w WARK, BARD: ¢ OMT, BCs). HAA. DY, KA. 3) AKC. 5B: dw _ dw , dq = wwe = 1.6 Pa aq a ate pau (7) RCL. 7) HAYS p B— APH BE Ht, AK 9 BE RY oh A Cinstantaneous power), Ait, 70 PE IB MSC BRE BE HAY Dh SL TF Sa A HE ELK TA A He A TRA. OR A TEAL, GEE SERRCWR, RZ, MRR A HA, WTC A. AEE EA Be BE DBT A A He. fat Ay TEE? Wa ED FE TE Hh He A A HP HE. A, i i A l8a Pw SKY SMR AEN RR. Wie wIE Ae ° fi) HAR ES MET AZM KR AG A 18a — BH. BE JEXRAA ZF A (passive sign convention), #MKXKSHH I, He iAH FE AY TEAR DH A GE, PER AR HALE +i Kui > 0, RAT RCHK, REM 1-8b MAR, p=—vi, Mvi< 0, RRM MMRE MR. pow oe HRRRATHORE ERM LARS SAG, B p= 9 Blow b) Rina +i; DRBRRKATEHREAR, WA p=—vio 18 RARKSSH A PRR, ABM KIRS Ay 1 ENE. eR Bete AGN, AEP 1-9 rz He BH, RL TE a HY A TE A SRA TCA AB Be + 12W AYR s (AERA 1-10 Pf as EA AA OEP Ty TE os De BY AA HF SMTA FLAT AB AH + 12W A. AE WR UE — 2 W AE eH +12 ay We. —MMA : Bc Eh R= RW HY Hh oh 3A 3A — —_— — — + : 9 io av av | av av - + - + a) p=4x3=12(W) b) p=4x3=12(W) a) p=-4x3=-12(W) b) p=—4x3=-12(W) FH 1-9 FEAR Dy 12 A A FE 1-10 FoF BH RY LW AY RHEE, WEL, EBT Hs BED ILME SY He GF 4 AR Claw of conservation of energy). Putts A a a so A TW de =9 a.8) RCL. 8) FE WHEE + BEE AE SB A Rs HT UU HG, BSR CL. 6) ATA» IA to BE ZAN Bo Wa Za Te HRH1e RAMS 9 (9) BSAA, ARE. Fi PAVABEAS + sty CW + by fie BE ERE TE. HP 1W + h=3600J SH MAR A 2A Of HE HTH AT HL 10s, RAT HO DASE EAA AE AE Sh RE FASE HEE Ay 2. 3h), FECT He 9 HH Re: BA: Aq = idt = 2X 10 = 20(C) HB FE BEA vn ew BS IO = sev) < SSA HET @ Moa MGR OAT TE HY AE HE 9 — 30), ESLER HE FEBE vy. (@qg=6C, (b\g=—3C, BR. (a)—5V (b)10V SOFAS TE ETE BE EC He i = 5cos60nt A AiG TC 1 Hi AY HE: (a) u=3i Vy (b)u=3di/de V. TP ALE t= 3ms RICE A AY NH. Bs (AEN: v = 3i = 15cos60nt(V) TA aR p= vi = 75cos*60xt(W) fE (= 3ms BY, RR: p = 75cos? (60x X 3X 10°) = 75cos’0. 18x = 53. 48(W) Cb) HS FADD FE AY HESS UHR di de p = vi =—4500xsin60xt cos60nt(W) 46 t= 3ms I, PORWR A: p=—4500xsin0. 18x cos0. 18x 3(— 60x)5sin60xt =— 900x sin60xt(V) =~ 141 37. 167sin32. 4° cos32. 4° =— 6. 396(kW) < BIS L151, MINEOLA, LEI. (v= 2i VeCbyo= (10+5] ide) V TEST (= Sins ATCA A AE BR: (a)17.27W, (b)29.7W 4 1OOW HAHA ATHY 2h HP RE a fl J & o>? fw = pe = 100W X 2h X 60(min/h) X 60(s/min) = 720 000) = 720k) 0 w = pt = 100W X 2h = 200W +h < BSG 7a HEHE E 240V LEAN Ey ISA, TPL CTE 180K) ft Sie hs DEEL Ti) BR: 50s10 Fe He Besa Oe eon Hi Se EW BR SB 1884 RS 1884 4 EK BH HH BK A A Mf (International Electrical Exhibition) tRARA WE EAMES HM. RASA ER, NRA MAREE, AUST. HSPSZSPAHLRATAAHR. ERA-SHRE, 1884 F RMSE HH, 5M + Rie (Thomas Edison) A AKARS HEM, HRM ATR RRA Pr ee BH. RG © HH (Edward Weston) HKBMARTLADRARAATSRHRA, SMART KERMA ERSLERARE RH. Hib eS NS HH HE + EB HR CFrank Sprague), X41 + 5 # R(Elihu Thompson) Uk K ¥, 4] K 4% BA] (Brush Electric Company of Cleveland), ZAK RK S Mil, OA LIS (American Institute of Electrical Engineers, AIEE)F 10 A 7 HESHBATHERARSMNASR. 1964, AIEE 4 HAW LE Ii # 2 (Institute of Radio Engineers, IRE) @ 3 KL 7% A 4B FL Ih ¥ S Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, IEEE). 1.6 RRC TE AU 1. 1 Se RSL A» A A ASL BT A RAED AAR a 7 Co 7) Be AT PA TEM; ALAR Cpassive) ALA A (active) TEE. AT WELT MAE METH fe RITE FEW TEA WA Me» FT Ao LA LI A FA AL RH, MOREE. ACH HY AMET TE RIL A AAT LE. CE 45 Wo ART 5 A BE SLAP A AB A A SW CALL SERED AL 7 A 9 7 TS A mE TTT ere ih AML EC WR J A eA ST A AS 28 We UO BR LA a AOA J AL, GL PRE 1-11 a a#1% RAMS 11 WARES. TER. Al l-lla AA 1-11 b ES YT ea Hh, RA FAL L-La Sf AO A545 HAE Be as 3 HL SAL St, LAL A Mr J EB ESC Sau HT 56 FY A ESM AR, FEM AH AE ea BE EAD FE A J ORAS aE Ya EE. EFS Ze A A 1-12 AR. SK eR HB Hi fA DT FAL. lee = . —o v ve i@ Lo a) FAP terre tid ve w b) PRR BR (do) Alll RYARRHRRAS Bll? brennan as A AE HT (HS) HAA BI TH. SEE AC PE A BE FS eR A 1-13 BRAS ee PS EB TS FEB ECF 9 HG De HE SC 5 AL SES RE Tw FT SL. AMMEKWZER, AA: 1. He RHE Ail ba PEW CVCVS) 5 2. ot aL Mi EE CCCVS) 5 3. HS FR HE ti HA DHE CVCCS) 5 4. Hes SE fal He ML CCCCS) . SEE UR TE EST GRE | GEA A A Be GW BE EB TF. He mE Ed a oa BS 1-14 faa, SE a PRY a FS 10d PAE TEE CY He RAMA ARA BH. VE EMA 101 VGA 101 AD, RRAWER—TH FEW. MEIC E WOE. APE RE HERE MEY TZ Ha FUR EE SAB ARE C+ PEA UY 5 TT FL RE PA AB SK Ae A AY sv c *> 101 a) SEAM) RHE W113 SMARTS D1 ets — SEE AY BRAM 19) Za 7 A RS, FAS OD + TA, MEAP ICH. VA. DG DR. ALAR Um HE a HE OK 2G 9 A fe cH. Ai Wa TEM AR ALS Hy Be BE BE ST EL A Be 5 ARATE IE a FE «AS Sait Ee BE aR SCH Ee > SE Fis ve ry “RA suit CE MEAG A Hes hk 5G AS a AEE 1) HL PEEP 1-15 A CAE ez tH BRR a A A = AEH, BORIS 1-8 AER 1-9 Sip ARH RF OO ERNE OE pT E+ SA HL ORDA EAE FT DA HE HY CORP BE SA Tbe HE AREA EY HD» DL py = 20X (—5) =— 1000W) RW Hh MEF po Al py WET + ASME BIE HLA A 1 CF APY IE Ss PE: =12xX5=60(W) Rk #Rae eR Ps =8X6=48CW) Rik sh aR WF po A) PSN Oa FORCE PAE, PTFE py 9 He A HAIL, Py SVCUEAR EL TAT) © COCR 5 Fe, FE MARL J ABD Wot oe Bi 7 FBS i EB A 5) BH BALTES HE AY, ELA: pe = 8X (—0.2D = 8X (—0.2X5) =—8(W) RH HWE FY PARRA B) » HB HE 20V fH 2h ae wea FR WR A O. 20 AA SEH oa Pik UR AB yk Bit Bt A SE th PRD, TP TOUTE EI, HEAL pit pot ps tp =—100+60+48—8 =0 ERB AG ECL. 8) — BE, BY Ae HH HH A A EH < SE RSD 1-7 HELPS 1-16 19 Ba A I HM 3 wR eB SR: 1 =—45W, p.=18W, pr=12W, p.=15W 9A 1=5A += |} ea + 2ov (4) a Ps} lev pa <4> 0.27 1-15 p17 i643 1-7 B 11.7 MARBIS GOST ORT ASE. — TE LR. BE rH, BBL OF 17.1 BRE BLE SO 2 AWA T ts Fz oh — BE FD. PR, BIE SHAY HPAP AH eS, Hew SRR oA Hs FE SE Th ALR A HSH. A Hs BA 9 Fes BLA. 4 BY A 2 AE CCRT) © He HES SH LI. CRT ASN HY MRT 1-17 Bae. 5p AA HL ES Eo FH BEA AE AR TA, CORT a EY EAA SB 8 TE wre F117 RAS ER AF Ot ARATE OLE Ch eR BESTT VLBA | HLT CL RE AP IG te. SO BUFR AR AR ARIAL CRT BEAHit RAMA 13 Te. Pale Wet eRe oF A HF A A OL PR, ALK AE A, BEST BIGE IE DRAENOR ME EFA BH. PRT SENET. MM RRS RE. BORE, BRAT DAA FAL ELF “He” A Gee FR: GHB HH RMBMEKR - AMS RRS SH tt BA FH (University of Strasbourg) WA + Rik HM + HB (Karl Ferdinand Braun, 18501918) + 1879 #RATH#FSARHRT. RARE SEERARMEREHEAARHD, RRPREPARRRAR, CEMEES OR RRARHB HE. EHF RARHRPRAZLE, LAM TREKS AHS RRR (Vladimir K. Zworykin, 1889—1982) FF % EB MRE HOLE RR, RAFAT OR ARAM. ALARETHRAAEHAREPREHRAL, AMERTRROR, HARRATRASEREKMAES, BARRE T. UFR Fe AE AQ EH BY HR A DEAE 10" LE IR He EH SK BY AW BY DR Br a HL FEV BR — 4 FS a HE e=—1.6X10"C i DU nS FAH A Eg = ney IPL: A = je _dg_ dn _ a 15 Li 4 = ot oar S 1.6 X 10°") x 10! Ye =~ 1.6X 10" (A) 1-18 BIRR R A JOP, SAAT SF HT A. M118 DAS + PEL Pf as ye A AB AA AA ORE AY CRT AM. PE A RO p=Vii D7 V, = 2 = As = 25 0000V) FA. Pirate hn fa FRY 25kV. < BRS] 8 UR ta HE A EE 1 a PR Be AHF 10" iF. Sek — Ae 2 30kKV AF mH, HH. ER: 48mW 1.7.2 Bee SBA Di FDL He FAB ZS wa FD TCH eS BY Be Ae A AE CG HS AH eH te RA A, GA). EE AE SE, BE AS TREAT Amy HL AE 5 V5 A AG ESR AP AED oa TE TPE SRA SL TH ET BLUE Bir i SA HY HEL BRAS DOT PEATE 5 AR 1-3 SPEAR A RR a PS Ri-3 RABBSAMTHRES anes HM KW- 1 xAee eamGW-D ke 500 BEAR BL 120 te 100) PE ~_100) ~ 0 _ 100 BEF OL 80 eit, 3 cr 25 rE 15 EAE IEDL 12 Z BOL 10, ra 8 i OL 4 uF oh 21 h-8 L OD SERIE — A PYF HL EW 7O0KW + hy He RGN obs Sb ME aE TEE AB SKA 45 FL A EAR Ee MH BRS 12. 00. 45 B—* LOOKW « h He 16 ZE4P/KW + h PB, ZJGHY 200kW + h He 10 385}/kW + hit Be. IBRL 300KW + h H 6 EA/KW + hit. BRK TA OR 45 FAY EAR BE He RH BE = $F 12. 00 S— 100kW + hX $0. 16/kW + h= $16. 00 Ja Hy 200kW + hX $0, 10/kW + h= $ 20. 00 AA 400kW « hX $0. 06/kW + h= $ 24. 00 — A thd HH = $72. 00 EL tht = $72. 00/(100+ 200+400) = 10. 2 4b/kW +h < LSID SSM 1-9 PMA, MRR A BE A Ta Sb AH AB, FAY 350kW + h frit, HSK AT LA A a. BR: 14.571 ZeSt/kW eh 71.8 (BAK EBA (BLS 3 2 EBB EAS HD, Vd SY SRT) BS. Ta Bl) T — 2 fk Ue A a AA a A OE TT SERB WN . EE BE HF tT Aa BR, Jes PE BE + BPW Fr BE AE Df a] Ls Bi HY Fa A AB AR +E FL a ARR SR HEEL A PBR HY BO A HS AC — BG SS - PORNO FRAY IT AEB A A IH HE HE 5 = PEARL AS HL? AF, RCE AP LAR 3 TTA AP EAB 1, ARERR AG. L-FTCRAEMEP REM S, Ae TE TA A RAY A. — ALT TRH ee LAN TE HE. PE LA Ps ALIS pF Ae 5) BL ts SIS fe BS ETT RK — eb Ee FST) 5 Hy Fs He 5 8 A OT FH SA AT OR Bh UR RB i op Tae (Si) LS AF 3 BAA 5 FH 9 dT FE EK ART. PERK AB 5 AE Be BE AE ER Di EA A FL, SF Fd SY AF HA a HK Bay WAT LAGE BAK BE WR A BD] LY AS. DE — A RT De YT) BL, HR AR APR 9 dE 2 Fi WOR SY 2. Bi 4 FB A) A AA BA AT LH i) BS A BI A 0 RH SR EPP OR, BORE, MERE AT mt Ta] FF He 3. iE A EE SS Sa RT A HER — BRL AP Tad RELA AE FF AT AE Def eT Ss AS A OH HR AS. EET IX FTA A BE A 5 A RG BE A is FR AL AE Zo AY TS 5 A A A TE EAE A Pf IE HY PSpice, MATLAB LAB SE fth— Bei PF 5 RE BEFE UC SHR DL AAD A SS — Ae yf aE IX — BFE Ae BL) ei A 2 EB TD TG JF A A AB AC AT ERK eaofeneHI RAMS 15 FEY HB Fw sé — RT FF A A CB EA «ELA UR LTE ot tH CRE A, BUR PH CH FAN 9 Dy RIC, BE AAT DAT 3 — A 4 ei SPR fia) MBE Pe BL LT LA TP Wea APE Ts A LY ARIS RO, UR A EA «BT PSA PRA 5 MSR eS i i SLL A BC A KA AT DAE HH Te) EH LA 2H TE 5 BAT 98 9 fe tL Be — OR A TE ES. — ABO Bk PAY A (ARS A AG EF SFR A AS RZ ERA. ROPE AT BF Re SU AT GES ACSIA, ED, BCRP ERE AAO, 6. PARAL AFM RE 7 AU RLM RE. USS CAEO IR AP, GE LE 9 Tak — at FE, HIE WE EAR — A. IRR TER, LE AE TMi. HERG ROLE EA LL, RA ER, TT eit) Si 8 mG FS HE SLT Ee PA 8 Ry RL GR — Me A (PES FDP USP. P AL RG. IRS LA TAT, EL A A Ee KGB JL ASA SR AF TaD LL — 1 P HSER 1-19 it 8 Hs LA 20 40 1-19 fi] 1-10 B 1-20 fale HOR 1. BAY Ay Tay, ae A 4 FS A A A Bi AD TL, SV HE ACS «FEU AE Die SP 5 yA a oF RR AF) A BEAR PR AAR EA A. URAL HL Fe. WAT DA 3 V ee HO A TE HB PE ALTE A EP PATE RP OR A Hk LAB aE A FD HY HEA 1-20 has, TEBE Fe 2. i 5 (RL AY A A A 5 TA eH BE A ic, AAT Siz BER APE HA AE. LANES Bip RA 1-20 BRAS. ROR too. NEL ARE. AT DA a ER SE IA] Hi ae AY Ta] NY SE De HE 3. BEES fH MT RIE A iE — I SRA TE ET DAR = BU AS BARS 2a St 2H A HB A A OR A ER HE HE MIE AD A TS A iy HOR AE PRL 1-21 Peas 8 > A 4a HE is BENS APR IG fi — A ATMs JS 7 2 it vn yt + +)3V “QO () 90 an (om) G A. AES HOR A ton PL 21 RAID a AP BG RAR A OeBnd Rie FRA DOR vy: Sit 48 BI: To =H V, y =+2V, in = =F = 0.250) Be PE DT 4 B25 SS IF He SOL ME HE FY AR FADS A Re HE CK VL) Ei 4 BR: nas 28-3 15a) . 258 epee teeta et eee i T= 1 250A) ip = isn = iy +i, +i, =— 1,540.25 +1. 25 = OCHIE) #6 KVL AF Le 1: 5+ vq + tea =— 5+ (— iy X 2) + Cin X 8) =—5+[—(—1.5) X 2] + (0. 25 X 8) =—S4+342 = 0CIED ¥ KVL JAF LB 2: — via + ta —3 =— Ci X 8) + i XH) — 3. (0. 25 X 8) + (1. 25 x 4) —3 2+5-—3 = 0(RIE) Bs, BATES Oh fe TAG AS AY TE HE 6. LMR? MRE, WRRER, HUES) MTR. KR AEH. we. RE SQ BANBHA 025A, REM PRGRB. SO BEST 1-10 Al FALL BR LR AS I 1.9 RHE Leek Bitola 5 A Be Ei = El ak AAR fl (SUD Je BR ASA AEE AD 3 EGS as PA 9 aE iL A HR St St A = FLT A A 9B ETA) TF 3 EA AS ing 4, HA PE AE HS Bh 1C He if TG BE AY AE Hs _ dw ar Se SR EH APA EF JO HR Rs A Hk 4h aT Fs FE aD AR BR 8 dw pa fa dt 6. BEMIS AGT 1A, MRE TOPE FE ATE BREA. WU YAP ON TEHie RAMS 17 7. 4S SHAE OY AS UR 5 EH SE BBE AT ZG A RR Ae HAR Ew As 5 — FA WER. FOVC EMME EAT A CE. Eka AE EA A 8. FEL A AA DAC RT LA A SER 5 YL i A SAE RY A dy Bi ft Heth. 9. LE AE AR EE AAT, Be SA HE SHAE AS SA Se BP FS £38 1 RATS RE. (ay at (b) 2 WH AER (a) 10° (b) 10° (c)10~? (d)10-* 3 2.000 OOOV fy HL HE A 10 A MEK Hem. ATLA BA: (a)2mV (b)2kV. (c)2MV (d)2GV RO A Bb a at SE AO a MY CI 2A, (oat (by ft 5S LIE A iC AE: Ore (by 43% CoS (aye 6 MPR AYE BELLE (oh (b) eH CORE (dE /B 7 4A YH ERT — Sh EHS 6s Jak. PRA A Je 24C,, Aa 38 VFB HLF BE Hit Sb SH Ae a Be OE eB HE? (a)6. 482 10" (by. 24% 10" (o)2. 46 10” (a) 1. 628 10” 2 oR Ae OO SC AR BME Cag ) = t+ 8)mC (by q() = (BE + 40—29C (o)g(t) = Bet —5e “nC (d)q(0)=10sin1 20x pC (edge) =20e "cos50t wC 3 MUR ARLE Te CE A Be MOF Bm Ra OR LTC A A 1 FG HBL gC) (iD =3A, g(0)=1C (bi) = (e+ 5)MA, q(0)=0 ()i(0)=20cos10r+ x/6)pAy GO) =24C (d)i() = 10e sindor Ay q(0)=0 4 HOSP i TE ABH HS EON 7A EPR 208 i oat tt 8 MAR 1. LW ft 5 i £0. OL 7 AE A HB HE 1A, ‘i HDs 9 (kv 15s Bitty O<0< 20 9 TE A HA FE HE, fH B 13 ASR IGP TEAR HEA BY HF = Ssindxe mC ALR TC AE PM HY HEHE v= 3costnt V. COTTE HE ¢= 0. 38 Bt fle 388 AY BE TG HF AY OR 4 (Cb) HH TE O~0. 6s WH fl 48 ab He HK 70 FF AY fem. UR SR TEA 9 A HS SB A WEA H A: v(t) = 10cos2e V.i(4) = 2001 — mA. HH: (t= Is Bt, BCRP MTs (b= 1s BY, TCM. HART EBM HW 1 =6e mA, HK St 9 A Hy ED uC) = Lodi/de Ve +E: (a) #E (= 0 Bi t= 2s Z fi 4 iw TE A BY hs DRI BM Hs (co) RICE 3s BC a At. 1.6% 16 -27 Sie TTC A A FE BIE | (a) 0 OFFER TCH 9 TH oh Cb) HEB TEE LE O 0 2 41) > o 2 41) a LO 127 3816 we BH 1-28 Sh — ho PE AA JR p, =— 205W. p: = 6OW, pe = 45Wi ps = 30W . HLTA 3 Mae Sec Hh 128 317 8 HA 1-29 Pe PTC RR, Leo 73 18 FL19° SEPM 1-30 Braet Beep AY I ps V i130 3m 19 20 +H 1-31 PAV, UR BTC RHE. hya2A a 28v 1-31 3 20 7 21 — FA GOW AY ERAT Lf te 120V A EF HE — KY BL BAT Oe a A BUBRED. 22 AOkA 6 FA) ets fs 8 47 8 A FJ 1. 7ms, if ROREK TE LO RASDEL, 23) — 1. 8kW MPA 7K BEG BE 15min He Pe fit HK, MIR KeE— Werk, FFL HL By 10 8 Se/KW +h, HHL 30 RAG BHR 24 MAS A) Ha PR BR HR HE DY 8. 2 ESP /KW + hy MUIR — A HE — KALA — FA GOW fT W, THHERAS SBR. 25 — 6 1. SkW YH HR EL HLCM 3. Smin HAE 4 Reaea 32 MAAR UE 20pA, HM tt (5 Fa A BGs 15 PE eg EY Tt] , 33 KAHL NAF 2A AY Ht OE IFAS T Sms. it REAM T Be eH A. 34 SEALIT ts BE — FN HE 9 9 MAT 1-32 if iH: (a) BTS FE A LAF BC ty fie) A ABs (Cb) i ASE TA FE 1 FI He RAMS WL, WR KA — ee HR AL HE AP AA C30 FR) IF FAB oa eS AB FH BO 8.2 HSE /kW hy 26 ANA KT os HO OBL se HE JB 0. BA + CHE B+ NBS), SCAR ATI LOH, Ht: Ca) HE TO HE EA 8 HE Os Cb) AIR SE HLF GV, WW ILRR HEY DH BB A? (0) BH HR FE eT 2 fH AB Ey kW +h)? 27 FA SA 9 FB a 8 OE 3 BE th HBR ARLE Ey 10+ £/2) Vy BY ALE I Aly Bt, HE: Co Fema, Fe A me A He WEIES >? (b) FELT FE AN HA AEE A>? Co) MN BRAY SA/EW sh, FMB RES? 28 — A GOW MU ELIAKT, #& 120V Aya MR, ease TEA I FEE TT Ca) BL IAAT fv Be 5 Cb) A a BRIG 9. 5 SAP/EW +h, BEIUT LAE 4 (365 KD BY Hs HIE Se >? 29 — ANH BP RE AO a A — 4 THE HURL 5 2 HR As A OA PHB 1: 20 56h HER 2; 40 5h SHR 3: 15 S}BP APER A: 45 Oho HOA. 30 56h MO FR HPO A AOE ED H.W, A SHE 1. 8kW, He $12 SEAP/KW oh EE SS ORT HB 30 FERRI Ph Wr Be Hes Hy ZS ad wt Ae PO a mF: 45 EA hte MRS 6 BR — AP 250kW + h # $0. 02/KW + h HB IEA HY kW + h He $0. 07/kW + hit MRAP — 4 ea, 2 436KW + hy HSE AAT MS OA. 31 RAKE 120W MTSE OL A ACHE 4h, GOW A KV HG KL fe Sh, HO OR FA aa We BE A $0. 12/kW + hy HILAR HME — AF Hy BE RIE RMATMLNE DR. 1200W 4p s00w 200W 8 1012 2 4 6 8 10 12¥) EF F132 SA PA 34 1224 620 HH He 35 MISH 8: 00~8; 30 Zi M WPMD ANAL 1-33 eA. HHT Bk Te ff) Ts Le i p(Mw) 8 PL 3 3 800 805 810 815 820 825 8307 1-33 AR 35 36 37 38 39 es Wh AY BE Bh AT LA A bh Rea, — HE NE AY ERE DH 160A +h, HSE: (a) HEHE MHL HE 40h ir fi 82 GE AY Hk es (Co) MFR BH ML Dim AY HH BABS DR? SE 12V ees Hi FE He AS Ge BE AOA + h AY SS HEE EAA i He NO BE A & “bf HS 1Ohp( 3 A) HY HHH ALTE 30min KT SD Het hp=746W). — Ft 60OW FE A WEA ft) Hs BL BL HE BE 4h FF HL. WOR Hh HO $O.10/kWe hy HAM RT S DB.82% JE OK SE TE KSHAHHEBAMR L-HODR, AMMHKHREP RH HA, —k4 HRRESHRBL ABET EC 2000 #R2E(3.b), “iit MIM AMAA, WLR STARE ARE” LEMAE EGR KR, ERA, LEGA, MERE. BASRA PEAAKFEMELERHYSHHAARLE, FARE REAMRLBRAE. B he FEAT RAL CER BRA, RHBVNA, SHERARHHNET, BERES HAO, MAK ATA WH E. KETAR ER? EMRLE-#A, RH-RERAHSR-RAHRH, MREBAARA? RD BREE? SHRPWBREE-K? SMONERRE RELA? WRE, RA £2 2K, MOREL BRE LRH KA DAK. WRERFSAHRKS HR TREO TERI RRATFIREB HRI, RAR Fy Motta fe BE On ak HE IE? ERL, ELPHRERRFLAREARARR AMAR, KKB EMRE BLADE. HERA AR GRA RMD, ALEMMSRA ESM TH HK HEH, RAW GTRARHAZAA AT AOR, RRARHERAOK, CREB LRP, LtHHERHRSH-AwR, 21 318 BL ESP Tee Ba 9 He. HLS ADD A EAS ABE BE eS a SUSE » i Tg BEF — HE He BASIE AS EE, UOC i RE A A A AAV AS TE Jee ES HB A 9 eB E ARTE DRSY LGR AEA EAR SD RETTIG ALBA OP OTS BRIT Ah a FD — Be Dk AH AY IGE FER. AP HE. SPOIL BRA- Y ALY — 2 e Be. AROG b AD ko BEL te Jey I ts Bl Be OPS Bt Ya UB WH A a8 A Be iA. 2.2 KBEE PPR HS AB FLAT BEL os 87 DC PP GS BELA BE 0» PR oe Cresistance) » EES R QAR « HY SIAR TEI] A ty CE — 8 A obs BL De FAR HT TT BRA DE ERIE 0, AVE) 2D BOT AS 5 BEL APE A BCP: es Sy CSE HE R=py StH, p Bey PLA (resistivity). FAI Iy +m, BEAR AY HLL Rly. MG, Es Tl ete aR Ppt HA LE WZ AIK. Be 1 AH TE I FEL ELS oH a NT BIB OB Je SEA 5 OBE BE OS JE i BR UA Ne SA Q)22 RH LO R21 RASA BES ARS MRC + m) aot BAER eee(a+m | Ae cy 1.64x10-* Stk cy 1. 72X10-* Stk ® 2.8X10-* Stk & 2.45X10- Stk wm 4x10“ eK fit a7x10-# ERE ca 6.410% ee sk 1x10 saat ae 5x10" Ret cI 1x10# satel ROM 3X10 Bet Fe Bg Pe ea DH AS a FP EB 7 EA YH BR Cresistor). 2 TAAL BR. Ha BEI SARC A Wil . HBAL AY He APS hn 2-1b pas. PHA R ea Ke BLY ee BEAL. He BEL Bis PA ih BA OR TE E A " \C . RL - tees a) b> RUBLA HR AES 21 BRS EMBER + HS + WHE (Georg Simon Ohm, 1787—1854) i A SE Me Lt HB BELAY os Bai SF EL HY HL HU) eH DHF Ht, A TE FE AR A A A AE CO’ s law). REE: BAARHAE » SROARE MBI ME aD: vei (2. 2) BBE HEB BCE SC HBL RC BE — BE EE 9 BR Ob BB A TERT, ARNE RA AL, AE). FH, RC DANS: lv = iR (2.3) FR C2. 3) Ay ARH se A ME RTL, OP R AAEM, ie THMBERRTHARARRAMMAEN, BSR. Hast (2. 32): (2.4) RUA: 19 =1V/A IBF SR C2. 3) A WAHAB SE ARNE oR A we HE A A ASH A ES RE eS, Fu A HE AE AS IRSA Hy Ay MPD 2-1 BAR. v= aR MLS He OA ARG AL EE HAAN BR Mu — AR Ut HL SA ARGH Ew HA AL.BLeR FF + BAR + HH (Georg Simon Ohm, 1787—1854), #€ Hl BER, T1826 FHUKBARTRRERHRE-RRARH AEE A. AL eH Re BR. KSHETERALNRRARH-ARERE, H-42K ATREAR, RAI FAHKM EE, 141, RHSKE RF fh BH Al ht HE (Copley Medal), 1849 #, RE RAFRT R2e RARE 23 hMESRRRER HE. BAT RAH BH ft 4% FH © SSPL via Genty Images Ke. HFS BELA PRT DA DAE AE BI CR, IT LAS A a APL HELL RBA R=0 fy Hi Bt Bi 42% & 3% (short circuit), MFA 2-2a HA. TERRA F v=iR=0 (2.5) RUG EAS, HAT ERA. CEST RHR, oh Be ‘oD i 1) Se GS FB HB SBM SAT AS FAW Hh, Ha BAL AA R = co FAY FL Bh PK WY FPS & 3 Copen circuit), QUA 2-2b Stax. MF AP RARE TT: i= limp =0 (2.6) Ae] PR 9 Ha ET WEE RL. (AS FF He Fe Be #2 a OB A FAA AY EL BAL BA WY AR UB wz OA) tH DY A) BB (Laz 1)» SEBEL EL Ay C.D a SL EBC Es BS SATO) AN 2-3 ta. “MERKEL, ATRL Hea BEL. Fd siz a BEL A os BF HAL 2-1 Pp as. AY BE a BEL ALTE BY VA EA, SCHL BES RU 2-40 Ph as Ae A A BELPK AY & 42 % (potentiometer), HHL RAFT MA 2-4b ita. a) ABeHEBE (R=0) >) FFBR HR (R=o) Pl 2-2 Bis i 5 a Ba HE — STE SOS HE. Bea SK Mt, Hb -S N i 4 Z UAL A He BLAZED EMAAR, A AR AY LEO, tT LA JEL 471, MNP 2-5 Dims. BR TE BLT PAT LAR MO 2-3 5 oN 2-5 ra AHAB, ELA 414 8 ELBE A 9 Be A AS FI AR A, SL 2-6 IF AS a) seein b> met AL PA 2-3 fala PYF Tech America a8 a) —Aeeygerm —b) HE Fe 2-4 Me BEL Yo ae RE2 R-H LOD a) ereRAPSE MB b> Heeb itas z sae 25 Bae eae FR 2-6 Se are i ae fo BL PA yrth Tech America #2 6 ©Eric Tomey/Alamy RF SULTS A HAAR» PSE TAT 9H BEL BB BRE SF He ARE A es BEL PG linear) Fa BA, Seer PAA te aE AB, PAI, Ea Re PPE MAR Civ He) Je — ARs RAM, $A 2-7a Peas, a A (nonlinear) Hf BAAS EF IK WEEE, FUCA BME ELE A He BE TE A, SAE HR GOEL 2-7b Pf aay. FLAPAR SR HE re LAE 9 Bah 7 PF a I TH POLARS. BRITA AS as BH SEM AR FF Be AER ERP AE , (LARS ABR Te DG B70 FS Oy 2 RRP A — A AE EB RY, Pe (conductance), FA##S G #7 a) Ree (2.7) 5B SP FAL BE HEIR Pe AF fe SD A GR BS RE, (LEME Cho), FAIR ANE S(O) 2878, PR TPB HE ABE FFL BAS CHE Ds SAS BA ie, LAS 5 I ld WAI CS): 18=10=1A/V (2.8) » RM BSARARSRRHEA, RAMARIFRBK. BT LA FA a PTF Ae RA — LL, IM, 100 MBF OS, sk. A: 2-7 Ha Es FE i=G (2.9) es BELT JPG 9 3) > A LA FB RK AeA, we. 7) aC 2. 3) ATE: paw=FR=¥ (2.10) PADRE, He BL FE AAD 3 th TL Fea SF G eRe powavG=t (1D 1 (2, 10) 4538 (2. 11) AT 49 5 gE BASIE 1, se BEL EP 02 BH IE Re, ALL FR AER HE BB 2. By RAG ABATE, RULE AY SH AE TE AY. PAE BEL Ook RUBE, RULTESE Toe BILGE. ARE AE A 7h ri BEI BE 120V obs WRN PAE a 2A. RCE AOL AL. WR: lA ERAT A R= 2 = 120 _ go) < i 2HOe RAR 25 © SES] 2-1 6 THEOL BEA A — AO RE ME LTO ERROR BELL 150 SH TL LAE LL OV es a FA HB. ER: 7.3330 FASE UN A 2-8 Stas, BRP SL I ME i, HL G AID p, Ay BEL es A By F 5 A EF Hs FRAY HA HE30V), Bik, iE: \ i=B= S55 #y © ed WEA: G= R= er 28 2-2 AYALA. 7), C2, 10) aK (2. 11) BABI HALA PL p = vi = 30X 6X 10° = 180(mW) a p=@R=(6X10*)? X5 X 10? = 180(mW) a b= VG = 30° X 0.2 X10 = 180(mW) < Ba) 2-2 HRW 2-9 Pa, TRIPE v, EG AIR pp. 2B: 30V, 100pS, 90mW \ HR 9 20sinmeV ft eb FR UIE Be BI —4 5k. de SELL GR iC ct EL sc BC ama aol iB: ~ R ~ ee pine) 29 22 RVs - 80sin’® xt(mW) < Bd 2-3 Her ER Scost V Pasi. LUC HY BENT D138 Wy 30cos*t mW. iGR. SR: 2cost mA, 7.5k0 12.3 TR. MRSER ELF BiG AE WY A FAD AS dB) BE FR A AS ie SPO BE REA HERS © INT KAP HL a SS 5 TES 8 A AT PC a A EO A EBT HEL Bae Je HG SLA — Ae BR A A AL OS ET eh dt, HR ARABS HSE FM TAS BM 5 OE A OO ED AS ABR PD HT BL. ELE ED SEH RE EE SG DU Se HP cE ANE VA DB) J fe BD TE, AR. ALR KMRTMADODT TH, WEIR, BMS RAL, —KXMRAAMER— PoE. PA 2-10 Di 7 AS HB eS A. BU OV Ha HE. 2A HE Bh BUST aM. PRERARRSREMMEER. HEL ae Pte AT A 2 IR HEED AW i UG DAA AE Bk A IE — PA 2-LOPIR AS BAP LHR Sc SAN iy PRPC ak Ot a SAL SP HE26 Fe HER MATRA. FL, FR MR ASE TE RA. ATL Sh FAL 2-10, a BH Wy BL 2-11 FAH Be. LAR PL 2-10 5 2-11 eh A A. Ti, WT WRAL, 210 HWA OANA A cL ABP RAD GE BE IK. BRR RM TOE AAME. AGM PM PHAM R, BELA Ae ZAG PELBALM A BH AA — Ae OBE RIL. Sk By 3 >A oe — AR I HH 4037. Bl BM PB Be Ak 3. independent) TAB 1 3 Br 0 a BAL. Eee HT-AABM A, MRI — 4+ Ree FSH EEA 7. SE tL Rk — A A LB. 2-11 oh, SB ALAR 200 LSB ABO aca, 9 — A BA Ae 3.0 Ls B.S PAS AAR Hh 20. LA 30 oa BL PIR FA. GK EH wT EIB. AE ASB EWE AAT C8 LB MF a em. b=l+n-1 (2.12) OR A ae Se yaa BAG Eh SA FE le 9 PA Be 2B HE MRATRMSETHHRSE-—PPAR, HEBA-BR, MRRMERAAA BR. MRATMSTCHSRANAHATS GAL, FACNHARAA-BE, War HERDAAHR. BARAT SRR OU FEAT, BE TC ERR AL IK. BIN, MR EE FEM PR, ABA STC ERTL . MUA TIC EE AY. FEE AY TE Pr EBB PR — ee A Bi A HE SK tT ABE BR, LAE IFIR. TERM 2-10 A 7s A Bae, FR A S01) oh Le I DAN a ATT BL AT — Bs 20H BA, 300 HSL AH Dic DRE IFAS, EA a HE BAP ke by MAT ‘ATT BD FS s TT SC ofa BEL AD 201 es Hl FY Ee J FA A HK tHE SR ED i saz FA 2-12 iF HB A Se BS, A OB Me TE BB HE TEIER fH: FH LERCH, UAL AR SEB: OV HE UR 5.0 HEB SEB. OO MERA 2A RE. AS A. MOM 2-13 Bim. 50 HS LOV os FR UR ERIK, Py Bieta ATA] , TA 6 HL BA Ha IIB, Py th AT SU 2 A 3 HE. < 5Q. 1 52 2 w Sea Ma lov ° = 6a 2 . 3 (A 2-12 fi 2-4 A213 E212 A= Py CEST 2-4 PL 2-14 SAMBA AT Bb BA SD WALSHE I API TEBle RAZ 27 SR: WA 2-15 Mm, SARNIA. 10 BAL 20 FARE AR IER AY, 40 BAS LOV HL EUR JE SE AD 30 1 m2 [ ANN | ———— => 1a = S20 Sov = 4a 12 3 | J ¢ 2-14 HU 24 2-15 2 2-4 HOARE 2.4 BRERER DRAM, AKERS. HKMERSRRRAERAAEK, MART A HE Bit A — GR A. BE AR FR a HS By BEBE IR EK (Gustav Robert Kirchhoff, 1824—1887) F 1847 4F $2 ih AY, 0 THE AK HE HB Bi EE (Kirchhoff’s current law, KCL) #la& A #8 XH FES #8 (Kirchhoff’s voltage law, KVL). FEAR BA NG YE AE BE Fe Boh HE GE, BR BE BPRS A EY BREABREE(KCL)SERAL-—PA(ME-AAHH) HARKMMAS, KCL fF RIN (2.13) SO. N WSR AA IN BBL, i, NTA CACHE BARI AS A ARH REE, TWA ARATAORRBEA, MAAR MEM, RI. BLee 3£ RB XK (Gustav Robert Kirchhoff, 1824—1887), @ Hl BERK, FMT FRAT RHAS PRES RRA ARE ARE. EREA REPKE REAM AKT ERO BIE Bw. EREAUEERERL MAME PER RB. 18 Ho REAMAMEAFEH, PUEEHRBERW. BIKA 4 H&A (Robert Bunsen) SE AE LHE A GH HR, F 1860F RANT RLR, FIGLERAT HHH. EKER HARE ERER. ERRAELER, KER HERH FRRE. © Pixtal/age Fotostock RF Wy THER KCL, (BEA AL HE i, R=1s 25 oor) HEART. Re EEE ARIE AR BON i) =O +h) + +o (2.14) AER (2. 14) I ARSY 4B: gr) =a +n tq + (2,15) SP, gO= fade, ar dip Co) de, F4 JR We aj HEL i TEBE OR aA A A FAA HE BEA AE RAG 5 OS AA OL I. ALG. gr (= O-rir (=O AAMT HE HAT KCL fy ik ite.28 RH He BA 2-16 PH, WL KCL AI: tat tit(is) =0 (2.16) BRAWN A. 2. i BRART AMAR, Ti, is RHHKAT AOR, BOM 83: ata ti =i tis (2.17) 3K (2. 17) A DME KCL 155 —-ABK RAPAMBRLMNSTRABTAMBRZ A. TER. KCL hia FEA AHR. BY KCL AHO TL tk RASH RT. ORS. A TRAM AE. TEMA 2-17 ‘AEA AY A wa Biya PRL FN 2a A, SH A KCL 7165 2 A SH DR AS A a RB THE BEM TEAR BCAL. WN 2-180 fra AY He ET LA AE 2-18b PARR. FEW Mob ML FL KCL BY PAG 38) 2B 9 Bs +h=h+h R =h-h+h (2.18) SPB Hs Bie AN HT £9 HAD Te) RAE I) = Te SSM BR PY AE A HR LE A. Ir aoe oo " bs os 1 6 i 2) iy i ay ao H) r=h-hth bo—] b) SPRL 2-16 AA KCL i 217 KCL MALE AS FE 218 FER A HEIR HE RR: ACR AAAS EB) AMIRAAMMARKRRAAR, MHEMRFE RH, TEAR EA He UR ee PH Ff PDAS 3H SREAB KER (KVL) LHEMAGKS (ROM) LSMBEMKAMAS, KVL WF IER De =) (2.19) SPH, My Tie 9 He Sak 3 BH A SCO oy WS me PLT TP WA FAR) 2-19 or as FA oa BAR BL KVL, HP AYE 6 A Be TB TG A 3) DB HP Mi PAH SR BE TL BAT LE Aa — ARS A. SEAT TAL AT IU et, AY LAF WE Gt 5 ABLE DA, HEE th AE i Ph od RE TL Be SZ, AR UE — oy Huy tony Sa, tus 5 BIR, BANGLE Et Or re Be SE SE, A GRU AY J Vy IEHOR RAZ 29 Rs PFLAG BYTE Vy WIE, MMP EI BAI Vy AOR. OFLA BIE RE V, AG. Att, HE KVL eH oe —Uututu ut =0 (2.20) bi wy AGE: a +) % ututesutu (2.21) oO t (2. 21) AT LAR RE : a BEMRZA = REAL! (2,22) , KVL BAB AES. REM ar my RoE] PT APR KVL ORL Be UABR tor, Susy bu Uy. Suey BRIE APS ALE Ib, SMUT RED rR Be THOLHIIAL. PAK, 20 (2. 20) 530 (2. 21) RANI AY. Sal eh WAAL, TLS KVL oR ah at HE, IL iy PE Ae FY ABA. EF 2" 2200 RAL. A KVL TULSA yy yy, 8S Fal 2-20 bi 7 fH) 2c He HE —Va +Vi +V2-—V; =0 =) v, ‘Ww t) Vg=Y+Vy-Vy a ian Va =VitVi-Vs (2.23) © bo nT I KVL, a Be Ray RIE a) De Se (b) SCHL AlRADLEE V, #IVe, BRAEV\=Ve Le LN! BR: AASP, KVL AAHAAAA: MHF ORBHHAH, ALERT RR, BS Pw Kah RM Fo HE AN 2-21a ARAB AY ELBE, ROR ALTE vy Al ve 5 WR Ay TOR oy FM ve 5 HAGLER ae AP A RD FR eA Lo Fy to] MU 2-21 b BRAS 6 Ha OHI a EA 4 wy =i, =—3i (2.5.1) ERE A KVL 8D 49: —20+u—w =0 (2.5.2) HERZ. 5. DARAKC. 5. 2)48 8: —20+2%+3i=0 Rh Si=2—0 > F=4A Sila, Mera ME TRASK (2. 5. DAB: u=8V, %=-12V < 5) 2-5 RIA 2-22 PARAL BE PHY vy Al v2. 20 2a, 4a eye “ny rhe 2ov (+ ” 3Q 20V G) ": 3a wv © he +) -v 20 a) bw i221 p25 (2-22 KAY 2-5 FAL RR: 16V, —8V HSEEA 2-230 SAR MLB TTI v, Ai ie30 He ie $R: HINA 2-23b PHARMA AMA KVL, 2): —12+4i+2v,—4+6i=0 (2.6.1) Het 6. Hs BEL Me FY BCH v, =— 6i (2.6.2) HERZ. 6. 24ALARK (2. 6. 14GB: —16+10i-128=0 => i=-8A Alt, v=48V. < 2 5) 2-6 OR 2-24 PARRA v. Se. i 2 2 aa ane ot i tym w@ aw @ nw ©) v@ w ® oy 6a 0 50 4% ae ty a ») 2-23 i 2-6 224 #926 R: 20V, —10V SRR 2-25 fA BP AIL i, HLT, $: TET a MMA KCL, #2): 34+0.54=i, > i, =6A EF 4.0 LB, ARE CH aE AE AT 4 U, = 4i, = 24(V) < 2 M5) 2-7 RAW 2-26 PRATHER AY i. Hv. a fio 7 . [ke . Osi,

[fy + + sov (f % S30 ws 6a ov (f a »> 227 p28 $s FAL JTL ACAI ae AR AL A FAG AR «DCA EET A uy = 8h, ty = 3iny vn = bis (2.8.1)Hoe RAAH 31 ARTE CG ae AE A HELIO SO SLA LR ERC, AU. ABER IEC tee WRG. by i). WA a th, AU KCL OLS. iis = 0 (2.8.2) APPA 2-27b Br zR AY (BL 1 EA KVL 68: —30+u +u =0 AAR. 8. DP i, ir BREA uv Mo, BB: — 30+ 8%, + 3%, =0 a _ G0= 88) (2.8.3) i APB 2 AEA KVL #2: -—utu=0 > w= (2.8.4) SEBEL WG PA ot BLS on AS AY APSR (2. 8. LAY i, Gt, RATHER vA vss SUSE (2. 8. 4) 28 ¢ : 6,=32 > 5-3 (2.8.5) 2 HERZ. 8. 3) GHK(2. 8. SAAR (2. 8.2), BH: 30-32 _, ik Sprain Fo BD ip = 2A, th is HOME, HEME HK (2. 8.1) ~ 5h (2.8.5) 1 t 4 40 mi: Mone ‘ i =3A, iy =1A, wae yet a uy =24V, w=6V, w=6V «we » = 8a a) ov 5) 2-8 RA 2-28 Bh a Ha Bi PY Be - FEA BR: vy =6V, w=4V, w=10V, i =3A, i =500mA, 4 =2.5A 2-28 3) 2-8 2.5 BBB RESE EHS SPA BS BE La I BLA SAA A A A 3 SH AH BE TL BE SC LA INO BL AE. ARB APPR 2-29 has (0 ts PRG A+ LA IB AD «Lb ak + Td — CE #4 BL FE SUA m= iRi, um =iR, (2.24) SO FAT LB CIOL FI LEAL KVL a8 -otutu=0 (2.25) FIER (2. 24) GRK(2. 25) HG: , v=utu =iR +R) (2, 26) Rg v ‘RR (227) a-09 ex de-N RL TERE, S0(2, 26) TLL AR 0 v=iR,, (2, 28) Ae) AH BL TF HHL RAR SEL Ra = Ri +R: (2,29)32 8-HF Hk ee SF HE, PA 2-29 irae foe Ba VA FPL 2-30 Hf OY) Re Hs OR CA. PA 2-29 5 A 2-30 Hf BB FBZ TASER, FLA DTK BE a, i TA BL i Ra AY ia Fs 18 Dt FA A 9G AD. PAR NA 2-30 GRR A — ae FBC Bit Ff 16 HB 9 HAE FY ERSTRBRREMSRRRAST ASE Zh. SEF ON 4+ He A He BL, SE I Rr BLY FR 2-30 Pl 2-29 fir Basis SPR Ba (2. 30) RK: FROMHHRS MAF TSE MMAL HH HAS MH LAA aT Wire A 2-29 it as ee Bie 4% os BE A A PR, BE aR C2. 26) EAR C2. 24), Bl: vy = —*_y, n= _e RR R+R AYA aA 5 He Ui oa Fe oa BL Ud 9 He FR SP SG 2% HBL BEL APE CTE HC, ELC, BL EMEA, XPD KRW (principle of voltage division) , ij 2-29 Pras hy Ha BRK HF Fi & 3% (voltage divider), —ALHTUL F , MAR HA URAL FEY v ANSP RR Be N Pe BACRi» Rey vy Ry) ABI, JUSS m HHA BCR, ) 9 HL FEW: (2.31) ¥, (2.32) =, k __ "RFR FO FRS 2.6 FRBBRE ST BSN 2-31 FAS BA SASL SR a as A SA ES BH E AE TT 49 ae ka v=iR, =iR, = a ay ay a-g~. az (2.33) a =f FEW re a MEM KCL, 9B UE i ——— s isiti (2. 34) Bab HER (2. 33) RAK (2. 34) AG: Pa 2-31 He AY IIB i= =r(24+2)- ise tea tm)= FE, Rega PAS SFI He BEL AY 3 He BELA: (2. 35) (2. 36) R, x 1 _R+R Ra RR: iy Re = eee (2. 37) Bia HER A) 9 Re FF A PY RAR SB Mo ABI ATE» A AA ACE FP vs BELA IER. MER = Rey My sh C2. 37) AyHO RARH 33 #8 Ra=Ri/2. BY LOHE SR (2. 36)" AB) N “Sees BI — A He «HE et AY Re BEL EL (2.38) ES 5 5 9B Ha BEL Rg A Is SF SE SB AY Ha BELL. 24 2, = Ry =Ry=R At, As _R Ra =H (2.39) GAN, PU 4 LOO Fy Ha BEL IE I He Hm AY ER BELLE 250, ES So, BL FH i) RP a SB OR os BB DB. C2. 38) HY SL, N 483 BEL HR 19 2 HF G. = Gi +G, FG; + + Gy (2. 40) SER, Ga=1/Rar Gi=1/Ris Gz=1/Rz, Gi=1/Rs» y= 1/Ry > C2. 40) 320A FRBEMSRRSSFSTESZA. RR: HKROPHHESEEMETELEL HMPA YEOH waa, Fal 2-31 Si 7s 9 os BAT A FE 2-32 OAs AA BAAR AE th Sh C2. 30) 55K (2. 40) AY AELADLAE 5 DH wea BAL ie wa SF A Hy Sg AIR Hs BEL R.A SRA BE SB HL SP Th PE Ho a: OH os BP Ro BL a). tN 1 a BL BR CHE 2-29 TAS) AY HF Gos iat 1 ma Gta TEN ABLE DEA PAL 2-31 PFE AR HA HEL BRE Ey OAT RRA Dy Gi 7 PRATT UB IE A RH BAL AS ALTA A HELE vB (2.41) _ ap. — iRiRe v= Re Re (2.42) AHR (2. 33) GK(2. 42), HB: Ri __Ri PT RR ORR C4) ei oa Bk Be Hs BL eB LS i Oc ps BELA A BH NS i RI (principle of current division) , Al 2-31 Sia Ht BEAK Iv A iA & 28 (current divider). BY LAG tH BE ye BELAY 3 ee SE BE A TH HE — AB 9 TR AE BLE A 2-31 DN PS, BAR, =0, BI Re KiB WPA 2-33a im. HH SK(2. 43) ATA, R,=O0 BORA =O, =i, MAMI ARAR» i FURL Re =O (1 5 Be SCP BD ELL HB 71s A) 3B PALE, Ha TE aE a 81 BL Rey = OCB Ra =0 BY HH (2. 37). 2. AE ABEL DHE A MA FL Bat Bes HL Py Sb— 7 Bsa ME OLAE Re =o, BY Re FFB. APR 2-33 fifa + i At HEL OA A 8 BA ry BAL B AIRE Ry Hist. Mae (2. 37) HARM Roo, HB) ° FAV RiRe HMI PRA (2. 43) 15 FASE AE WA: (2. 44a) (2. 4b)34 FHS a v VE Reg BGeq ’ a) SB > FFB 2-32 2-31 AH 2-33 RABE STE Ae, ATT, WR WR DHE FTL PLN PE CG,, Gay or, Gy) SER, WTA n 4 SCG, ) HY LTE i (2. 45) Ge EFL BRAY BT HL BE 5 BL a BE AH BE AF HE A BL AA TT os BEL iy A #k% [A (equivalent resistance) Req « PH 7 FE BEL BM Az Pod 5 Sit 1 ZF EA) BL» 2 DR PSs BL et AT 29 ARES GED £E 2-34 RBH RR... . Hi: ARH Re» BMRA BRM RY A. AP 60 HBAS 30 BIR, SEA FB FES“ || "ARIF: 6x3 60 || 30 = e437 2m) 10 HABA 5 50 HBR IN), BT LASER Ha BL 1n+sa=60 FHE, A 2-34 Hi 7 BEL ey 2-350 PRA. HA 2-350 Bh BS 20 AY BEAL ASIDE AS , FLA FLEA He BEL 20+20 = 40 SEAT, 1% 40 APG 60 HABA IEIR, SEER HL: 4x6 4a || 6a = 7g = 240 SORE, FA 2-352 fora AH a BA ST A fi AG 9 2-35 Pas HB. EP 2-35b ft 4S BL SAY» PALE Bie BA) 98 BL Ry = 4042.40 +80 = 14.40) < 40 J Em | oo a = fo 60 Ba 4] aaa ee » »> 2-34 29 A FR 2-35 fA) 2-9 A AB a By CT 2-9 AIF 2-36 PRAM BEAD, OR HS BAY Re SR: 100 HY SLPR 2-37 iis (10 oe Bie FH HB Rs. HR: 3.0. He BLS 6.0. Hy BEL SSS) SEA Ac ALTAR OF DAG So BEL IDE AY POE IE AY BELA +HOR RAR 35 3a|| 60 = 3¥8 — xa) (2.10. Fe]. 1200 Fe BS 4.01 Hy BEL 9 De Hd Ab, AG a LP A, BHA: —12x4_ 129 |) 49 = 7S = 3) (2,10. 2) (i) LO Fa BAAS S01 FE MLA IDEA, SLR Ha BE 10 +52 = 60 (2. 10. 3) 40 4a Ra 4 ae 42 S50 3a 30 2-36 3) 2-9 237 2-108 BERS WAI a» Pl 2-37 Pia A se Bie BE TRY Ln FA 2-380 Pr EAB. THE 2-380 Hh, SHBGE BEN 30 HABA S 60 HABLA 3ty 20 HUB, HAA SRC2. 10. DMM. K 20 HH 45 10 BRI, SATA LA 9¢ 10+20=30 WB. FE, A 2-38a Bra HBA TAY 1G PA 2-38 Pr as A He BA. CH A AY 20 HBS 30 HBR AT LA EY 2x3 20 || 30 = 3437 1.2(9) i% 1. 20, HEBEL SL 10.0 oe BEL EPID, A 9 Bo BL Ry = 1041.2 =11.2(a) < 5] 2-10 AR MIA 2-39 AFA BRA Ro. 00 2 rr 102 ¢ 12 q WW | ow =20 S30 epg 180 b 6 90 > 6 6 > - 20 a » e Wn FA 2-38 Gi] 2-10 AYER HB 2-39 HJ 2-10 SR: 190 PD RA 2-400 Ji rr He Bh HY HS Ga WR: 8S LBS 12S oy BALE Bi PIEDRA 5 RA Pr A SPR SPN 8S+ 12S = 20S 5X 20S Ha LAG 5S HBA, ANAL 2-40b ras, FAR A IE ea AY A SPN: 2X5 _ 4s) 2045 AAS HMA 6S BIER, Ae Ga = 6+4 = 10(S) TEAR, PA 2-400 BRA AY HE BA 5 FA 2-40 Ji oe J ATTY » SLE PAT 2-400 8 EL AM IVDGLT + GR) 2-40 FA) Hs BL AO 5 BEE SG A> WB AT 9 OR36 R-HF AREB PEL 2-4 0c itr Hes Bf) 2 a BL 1 1 dyad om =| fe = 6 401 «= F1(3 #| T1710 6 4 ss 3s ja An wy G, = G, = R “Ses ss oss Ss El 2 530 a) AaB b> acrtaae ©) fila, WRMbdem 2-40 pi 2-118 SLBA ERGM Co. < 2 BS 2-11 ILAMAR 2-41 RAR HL BEAY Gus SR: 4S SRAM] 2-420 HAH PHAY i, Ml ve» FFT 30 Ha TTA PEI. —T—_ 1 « = a 7s Ge | G, +3 + fa, Et we Son 4230 nv) %= 20 32s s 6S { ~ ~ | ot iy + > a> se b> Sea M241 3 211 2-42 i212 fH: 60 HES 30 MIR, AIA: 6x3 sali 3a = 3 = 2m) fai He Fes BA 2-42b PAS. TERE, vs ARSE BB AH AY A PB BA OS, Ue Ly HT HH EARP 2-42b, PRATER Av, AKER AE, ABI: i = ew BRA, vo=2i=2X2=4V, H— MP RIL FA FED FG, eh FL 2-42b Hy 12V 40 SAAN 20 HUE PR, FLA: w= phx =4) PRASAD RAS AY i, BOT REAR TE ORE vy Jt MEA 2-42 hy 3.0, A BEL Se BA ni PC ae ESTA: i, = 4(V) > = Fi— BRR BAR ie. SR 2-420 SAREE. Si 2 x2= 4c A B= epg a 3.0. HES BEL OTE HHI 2 KYR2e RAR MH BT 4 Po = tio = 4X F = 5. 333(W) «< 3] 212 OR 243 PARR Ss IRE fr pa $120, BELA 40.0 Hs BLS PE ww SR: vu =10V. 1, =833.3mA, p,=8.333W, a w:=20V, i,=500mA, p.=10W Wi ; GERD etn 2440 eA. OR. Cad ; | Cb) Hs eH BE OE Co A A LAT AE AY VS zim = 00 WR: (a) 6kO LBA 12Kk0 Ha BRO. AF a Ag M19 6-+12—=18kO, FILA 24a Bae Ha Be mT LA AL Bese Fl 2-44b PAR. RAST HERE AT WOR i, 5 ie 18 000 4 = 5000 F 18.000 * 30mA = 20mA re is = gpqp + Ta 000 % 30MA = 10mA soma (f eo TER, 9kO ALBA 1810 a BL Pe A HE AE AT A. BP LL, v%=9000i =18 000i, =180V. Cb) Fe Sit Be HE A DE Po = wis = 180 X 30mW = 5.4W (o)12KO He BAL STI REMI DEW : 3 p= tv = i,(,R) = 8R = 0 X 10°)? x 12000 = 1.2CW) 30ma . = 18k 61 He BELVO TA PE 3h Ry b = &R = (10 X 10°)? x 6000 = 0. 6CW) b> SPORE ok Ae OE A244 213 b= B= sooo 7 OCW) & P= wi = 180 X 20mW = 3.6W Ko TEAR, HL WLER AEA D4 (5. AW) EF Bi 7 . + Wile CHE) ANH. 2+0.6+3.6=5.4W). 9 =e P)soma 5k MS 20K DER ALT ARIE HSB — BI. - ~ © 5) 2-13 (ER 2-45 Bean, BOR. (au, ms (b)3KO 45 20K0 HAL FEM, Hs (OMI ER: (1)45V, GOV; (b)675mW, 180mW; (c)1. 8W 2-45 #2) 2-13 42.7 Y-ASK EB HY i Bt LG A EIS Af IB HAR NFRD 2-46 a HHL BEL R,~Ry BEAR FRADE SCAR EIDE 5G Be MOOS 4 2 AN PS A BS = 4S 2-47 WO GAY YE a2 ATE Pe MRL 2-48 ea AY ATE ATL SEPM. GSE AM ELE | OT HE AL BAR APS UE J EW eB ft AC HSS BEAT AY Bf) BRAG = 5D Be ULB AP BT OLY 22 eA38 R-4F RREB Rs Vs a) YB bd) TB DAS BFE 247 RUS ASR 2.7.1 A-Y BiB R ABBAS A 2 HY HB ee YE A kB Oh i REA OY FB EAN ik Bib RY SF BEL. Ay TR ae Y wea BiH Oy ee HB, BE Dt a BE AT He BE, HF BATRA, COD Ht Bag 11) RE — RFT os BELA EY CT Be Wi 9 HAA ZU AY HELE. GAP 2-47 AUP 2-48 PE 1 ALA RB 2A, A: Ru(Y) = Ri +Rs (2. 46) Ru(A) = R, || (R. +R Ra =Ri (AA: — RAR. +R) Re =R +R = RoR aR (2. 47a) fe. _ — RAR, +R,) Ru = Ri +R = RRR (2. 47b) _ — R(R,+R) Ru = Ri +R = BTR ER (2.47¢) KCL. 47a) BAER (2. 470) WG: _p, — RAR—R.) ROR = R.+R, +R SXC2. 47) 5K (2. 48) AMAT Es Rk RR. C2. 47d) Be (2. 48) ATA: C2. 47a) BAK (2. 49) AG: R.Ry Rs = RFR ER, WM 3 % BR 4 b> 1 248 Reet ER (2. 48) (2.49) (2.50) (2.51) HL(2. 49) ~K(2. SD) TEAGTEIL» HEA RRR Y HABE, ATS — AE my MIP 2-49 DUAR + eH ARCA EB IE AT YY Fs BA 2 Fe BELL SE AA a Bl A 0 Se SB LAY SE AR BR LL A FB = YF 2 A, HARA 8 5 IY BA oh FAY 2-49 4 BSN C2. 49) ~SKC2. 51).H2e RAR 39 2.7.2 Y-AtR Da TOR HE YH Bie ie Hy AA BAPE RR ASR, FEHR (2. 49) ~5K(2. SL ATA Bl: _ RRR(R+R+R) _ RRR RR, +R2Rs +RsR, = RFR ERY? RRA (2.52) FAR (2. 49) ~SR (2. 51) SPS BR LAZK (2. 52948 Bl r, = RR +R +RR, (2.53) R, = RR TERR TBR, 58) p — BR +R FRR (2.55) Hak (2. 53) ~HK (2. 55) AR 2-49 YEAS Hh SFY - AEB. « ABM tS BBS F Y it ire FZ AAR LLAAT MAY Y Se eB MORALE ARP. UR Ye Ba Sy AA ek Bt dP ‘OH: R=R=R = Ry, R,=R,=R.=Ra (2. 56) TELIBARIEE » ERARIEW: IR ad Be x Roy = 3Ry| (2.57) 2-49 Y a Be 5 Ars Bm a Ry BAF Ro We? ALA Y FE REA A AR oe BLA RHE BT TR SR ER. HERR, CERES EIN, HEAT THT A ABE (020 5 FD SO = PAK DA AY «BATT $B) — 7+ BL A a A A HB, EPH Re 4 2-500 PORE A REBT Y HB CT Seo a) ith Ot b) PRY Ha 2-50 i) 2-14 WH: (2. 49)~HK (2.51), AG RR. _ 10X25 __ 250 _ gay R= R>R, TR ~ F10+e ~ 50%40 FHP Hie R RO RERER 50 ___RR, _ 15X10 _ R= RRTR 50 BR Y Ha BANA 2-50b Pras. < R Ry 2 2-14 HE 2-51 SAN Y EW A re HB RR: R.=1400, R,=700, R.=350 GRID 2K 18 2-52 es Bh OH ROL RA meee aH i. | fm: 1. SLR, AUB Ee HC ‘ A, BEES, eLR—SaRSER MOOT mes Rl 2, Bi A oe So oo ER SB — ho eB. LPR BEL A LH Y MLB TE OF A SE. HOWE ALRA Y-A BIR ME TAU, HBO 4 YEP el Bob AAT Y eB SRE nH Hc) ALA HR BPE = ALB can abn #fl cnb) AU{Z 3 WE RHR. AUR ARAMAURMA soy Oc BS, AF 2.7 HiheW SRAM Y-ABR, HLL 5a SR FAVE HT RAE. RAE A A EL 3 — Py A isa: PATA ME, ORI ab ZIMA, BUTE 698 4 DMI. ; REALE SORA Y ~A 208 18 Jr AOR RIK mea ZEBRAA- Y PRR OAR HEME. 4. ROR. KBE PADIS Y LBA — TABLE, FREESE — 4h a BE GT BRAT VA fay AHP. WRG HH SO, 100 Al 200 HPA HY ALY Y LRT ER. HERR =102, R,=209, R,=50 FR, HC. 53)~s0 (2. 55) R — RR. +RRs+RsRi _ = WX204+20XET5X10 - ae = 350) — RR. +ReRs+RsRi _ 350 _ R= R =F = 17.5) a Rafe + RRs + RR _ Bag aca 7 AY ia Bi Be yA By a 9 a eC Ot FE ADD 2-530 ho. AIF AP AY SXPR BL, BI. 0X 3 70 || 30 = pe = 21(0) 12.5 X17.5 12.5 ]17.5 = FBS = 7. 292(0) _ 15X35 _ 15 || 35 = Fer ge = 10.50) FHL BAN 2-53b Pra PR. AG 17.792 X 21 Ry = (7.292 + 10. 5) |] 21 = = 9, 632(2) 17.792 +21HOR RAR MH 41 sy 7 ghaty = 12. 458(4) SORE BE RL DH AS TTL TF TR ETE Se PE GP ARIE. 5X — AE Ws Ai HE TAB 9 AE A TE IE A PA EOE. MRABHSRAMAD, FM A- Y BORA BIE TE RR. OF HEA He can $¢4% 2) Y 1 Bh. WR =100, R.=50, disk AB OH d dam Y BBD): _— RR, 10K 125 Ra= ER, 54104128 ~ * 486a) _5X12.5 _ Ra = 27.5 27.5.7 2. 273(9) _R Ry = RR = 1.8182(a) FEA BWM ES 2-53 PRA AHL + BES PRL $5 Rd 5 TRL ob EL Bos SAFER, BD — (2.273 +15) (1. 8182 + 20) _ 376.9 __ Ro = 9273 +15 + 1.818220 ~ 39.09 ~ * 42M) = 72020 ae wipe ! 159 = = 200 = 10,52 | = ; , vot ro | a ») © Pal 2-53 PQ 2-52 Bip aac ve Bie eM FB a 1 PKU LAG 4. 5450 HOH AIR, AG 5 300 AHL BIER, BoP AEB Bi He BL R, = (9-842 +4. 545) X 30 _ 425.6 _ 9 63 1¢g) 9.642-F 4.545430 44.19 Fit 120. f 139 i aaa ~ 12460) ae Ay SHY SAL 5 RFD Y ~Z\ 795 et OA Da Bs 2 8 3A Td NOB BILE aE Re A. 6. J AS RE 2 aL ak OR BL OR TV BL AE HE REA TR De a 1 FLUKA REY, WET RR OT ABA CRT < © 3] 2-15 OR 2-54 Sra RY Ro SR: 400, 6A 2-54 Hi} 2-15 100 240V = son beS 12.8 MAS SEL FS SF EL 15 eo BN tT SR 9 HR A, GE PRR. ATM, UA UP AUR RE. ATA SASK AY SW LF) — FF A HHH WR: NAW AL, HRRFARABREA( EMAL), OR, AAMWRARY, FAH UMA TEMS A, BL, ARHRCRLMEEM, Beem 3M + MARR + Rib (Thomas Alva Edison, 1847— IBDAKHRHANRARL—, fH A 1093 ARH A, BEARTH. PERMURS-BAVAEMSRARKRELH RR. RBEBRT RAN, EREGPKEPRTRA, fh KEKER, RELTESAH ERK, RHARERLE RHGAKA, FARARTURTAR, 18684, RHFE TRUS A-AG, ATRATRS SARA. 1876 #, CEERRHNANBHK, BEA -HHRAKERRARA Ait ee AHS OA a, HA HE CR er erst am oe ARRARARHRG, HT LBEKMP LAAAAKEAR APSA, LIPRLALATRARMRAA PR, RTT E-TRA RARE 3k, URMA HARROP ASA HERBAL LARA 19 20FKE TBR. 2.8.1 IROBAME VAT HRA EAA AT HAP AA STL ohh NNR AT HOLA, I 2-55 AR le AAT MO REBEL. ELE AT AT LAB PEA, IR EL VHB 2, SORA HM Ys EV» BR HS - Vo/N. ARERR KHL, (ASR ERD, HR & 7 mm) HAR. 8, came, Ae—RATMMT, 3 YD] HTS MATE: Bo. MAME, — RATHER \ ABN Ds Re At ate A AT HL EB TAL AT a SEAT LM 2-560 Bim 5 —7P OV HAL 8) TRIER 3, BOHR, Ca) ei LAE EMM A es Cb) WERE ASAT I 1 AHR so) ESET Ha y BR (a) RL MARE A RPE AAT Hm x, BD. . p=15+10+ 20 = 45(W) Vo DVI, LH Ma BEI A HE Coy RT BLE AT HO ESE He BL, SLAB Bt IR) 2-5 6b BAR. a F Ry (2OW HVAT WL) 3 BG Re A Ry HR RUBE © ATRRIEE BESS MIE, ORLA FA 2-55 AT HUA JERKS HIHOP RAR 43 Vi =Ve+V, = 90V) TLR. HA: 1sw ov 20w h= a = B= 2.22000) low HKCL U1, iit Re Al Ry SIS BA He BEY: ©) SATHORN RB I, = 1-1, =5—2. 222 = 2.778(A) + 4+ (Om F p=ER, HLL: 20 = es R —go9F = 4 05(Q) nek, hoo. wt ER, =P __*) _ _ 7 R= = Dare 1 4) Vy = Ry = Ps = 10 - Ri =e = aaqqe = 1297) 3) 2-16 ML 2-55 Bea, BREA 10 FLAT HOIEM, 10 niall FAT HO I, B PLAT HO SEH AR 9 AW, So Sean FE 9 0 CRY SE AOR AB A: LLOV 5 St SP-C IER FILME AT HO 9 #8 Bt. BR: 364mAGER), 3. 64 ACHR) 2.8.2 BRBRAVRIt ALOE S kL JEFF «Re AT GR — I, SL 2-57 Hy a (88, 42% (potentiometer, pot)— iA KF & 4 (potential) M+ #4 S (meter) WH ie) fy 20-5 AO oa a A A i 8 — = AL HE AR ML ALBUS oa oF BB oS 4 HEM. deed 257 ° Vou = Va = BEV (2,58) JE Re Ro +Rieo Pits, pila fc BS ME aby © Ma zt. aia ARRAN, SH HL HE Vo AVL OBE OR TES Ven 7A os L875 — 1 BL | Vie 5 2, USP SAFE Ut Me, AL HL he ALF AR A Le, A Leh ABE AT ML 2-58 A Bee ee (19 UGH BRAK Ca? Arsonval) BY ARE ah BE. Bee ah He HE BE eh — 0 A RA A Bec SRM SL Ah Le mE ER HS, PEE EEL UE Ek RA) see TH GSE YALE hE AY ed ea Hk. La, ty ee a ME EH HE AEE YY IMA, 500 inh» RG ek LA. ee wa Be He a EE Be A 0 ES 208 SAS a A AE AE Is BEB 5 TAD Ao, aw me. AT: KOMECK, CAPEMMRAHAD TAL, Sith 4 AEA (volt-ohm meter» VOM). . Fel 2-59 ty 7H Bh AF he He AL Ae an 288 SHR ES4 R-He RR OER HLM BSA) yt a FR de A BR, A RH URE. FE 2-600) aR HS FR Ae A HAAR ARE oe BES — LAL meee 1 AR, HR, BUHL, BR, SB — = HAAR A CLG LI FEIT AC) 5 LATE A tL Bie PE + Hei AS TH oF Ae A FA ui (V) v ait Re His FR 2 5 WA A a BA EI, PA 2-60b Pra. - 4REH KRG R,. KR. RR: HY, A 2-60b Hrawwy ont SHAE Hs FAT VAI AE A ESP SHOW O~1V. O~ aso mM 10V Bko~100V. Te PE A BHT HR: ARABLEEHAAMERKS), E SRAMREGREM MBER AL, AARRMHRSHERLAIIG. FRR 2-60a mR REE PRT ER, RRA 2-60b Mra oH HRP RR, Re RRs, HR R, SHR ABA R, BRM. TELE ALLY PAB Fig BEA BAG AR 5 TARA RH DT, = Ton BE SE Ae A TU EK FHRMNMAREEM, WMHRRDAV, HP RED RR, SAM R, BR. PRU: Vis = 14€R, + Rm) (2.59) He Bs = Ve Ts PR ADL Hea it Be FAD WAY BH HL HR A EA ES RR. NP 2-6 la PF TR, AYER A Ae oe BS — BLA R,, A ER HM. BELA RS RE AS AR Mv CRIE EAT) 5 WAAR AA Hes Bi HP SH 49 BE) a Fs Hk ly Ay TH a A A 5 BE Sy MEAG Re, FER, MNP 2-61b Ha. ESP HIF AAAI Ri, Ro MR H, RAE SHA O~10mA, 0~100mA Be O~IA, R, Ra (2. 60) a) UIE PA 2-60 HAR AE TB ia BPR 2-6 Lea fOr a A A LW 2S A PE HBL,» SARL 2-61 b Ph as AR A a HE A R,=R., R: MR. ER, Ro SR, HR, HAMMAM, I=1,=In +1. Fe 1, PawL TY Mi BR, AE ALA AT R, n= RR, ay (2.61)a) aR 2-61 aH HOR RAR 45 . 10mA Re 100mA NFR i Ry _ /f Ls ade ae b) Site HE MELLEL RYU ARO AT — PP) EB P.M 2-62 Pay FA Bae ARS HAH LSE, URE Dk ak EAD DER JTDebs e e I w L d« E Vy ATS BI: R=> (2. 62) ‘WM EL 9) LB Ha J oa BL eSB 2S SHAR AR Be. TBS ey BEL os fe A BM A He, WNP 2-62b Ras. FPA 2-62b Pitas AY) HB ON, FD KVL&@: E=(R+Ra+RIn cy R= P—R+R,) (2.63) i Hk YL BEL RE 44 a Ae aa ad IE eB R.=08f, In=lne KER: E=(R+R,)In (2. 64) HER (2. 64) LAK (2. 63) 45H: = (Ie R= (¢ 1)R+R,) (2.65) Wi HG AA TPO PH 2 ip Hy HE AL a) RA He Be Re A i FE Ae alee . (BS : Lmia—}—hr ie gE ‘ b) RAKE 2-62. aks EL AP BP HAR, HVAT AC oe Hi Wy SE HM.) — ARH BRN a Fe AK (digital meter), Vk Ai WE he TEA BO DE AC A a «5 SC TL BOD A FS WCF 8 LT EHF. AL hE BA De os BL APE TAR ASA Be SE Le a YE FH Ae WTEC HAS. PEMA IE Be Tee, OCH Ae mY EER FLA Cw de BT TA Be My He.46 FHF RAED LSA ApH (Samuel F.B. Morse, 1791—1872), ¥HiWw BR, K ATR, HAART RAGUSA. RARKEFSERENAERH HA, RET MEAS HH RERERER, ZERA-FERK. WHKIOER, HHR We RP AT XM, F 1836 HH ARTEL, HFT 1838 4 WIA, RASRRARKMREKS, ATHRE RRS eZ RR. 184A, RRR TH —REGMERER: SLR T HA”. RARMEHRART ATRRRRGRAFEPH FAURE. RRARRERT A Ps BeBHRH. sh S-BEAR EA ARAB 2-60 rae Reena MD, GRU ET F & we AE HR RR: (a)0~1V_ (b)0~5V_ (c)0~50V_ (d)0~100V BGLABAR,=2k0, WEA I, =100pA. WH: ALASC(2. 60) IBLE Ri. Riv Re MR, SHR O~1V, O~SV, 0~50V O~100V ANF FRA, AIAG (a) {RBH O~1V it, = 1 - = = = Ri = roy cao ~ 2000 = 10 000 — 2000 = 8¢ka) (b) 4A O~SV BT, ——— = - = Rs = TopsrTo® ~ 2000 = 50 000 — 2000 = 48¢kM) (c) 4B 0~SOV AY, = 50 — = = = Rs = Top scao* ~ 2000 = 500 000 — 2000 = 498(k) (d) 4B 0~100V BY, — 100 - _ = Re = Tox 197 ~ 2000 = 1.000 000 — 2000 = 998(kA) ER, MPR, HEBCR, +R) SRA BEV ZH, AP W/ Tig CAEL HEAL Fa CMB / RAE» / V) Bb A FH AY RAE AR (sensitivity) , He AIK a. Hes Fi 28 RF, < % RS] 2-17 AREA 2-61 SAHA MEARS HM, GRIT MNP eH AH BE He: (a)0~1A; (b)0~100mA; (c)0~10mA (RBC EH Ht T.=1mA BB HEY PLEA R,, =500., MSR: AMAL: SOMA; 505m; 5. 556mn 2.9 RHE 1, a BE of A TA: + SE 9k A ARTE He 5 a tase A AEE v=iR See Rye ABELL. Bas FE Bt Je: BEL {BL 9 ECR = 0) fH HE BEL COSA SPAR) 6 FP BA HS ML PL 99 FEY ACR = co)HOR RAR AT fy HBL 3. FEL BEL AYS aS Gy 1% He BAL BEL (FE 9 (83 = CHR SC HB AAS AS 8 A iy A ek TB PAAR. BHT Sb Aen 5 BL RIN PRA: b=l+n-1 ERER GHEE KCL RA, E-PABRMO RANE. RAZ. HAW A HHL RZASTHHAT R ZA. | REAR KVL RH, ASHE ERM REM S, RAS, FBP AL KAZ AG FE REZ A +E FRO AEE 99 DP PF Py A 5 Daca AHR YH AFD Cis = in), BE EB AA FA] BOB ASF SRE AYP PC PR SR, ER a He FE ABT Co, = 02) {PATHS Ri (=1/G,) 5 Re(=1/G,) BRAT, FLAP RCH Ro 5 PRS Gu: = — GG: Re=RtRy Ga= Ge 9. SPATE BAR (=1/G,) 5 Re(=1/G, IPRA, GR Ro PRS CH: = ik = Re= REE Ga = GatG 10, Bi HP Bee BL A A FD TL AAR I -_R __R "RFR RAR 1 BU IER BELA SP SE v =p Bi p= BG VR FR' 8 RFR 12. A- Y¥ BRERA: _ RR. ___ RR, ___ RRs BRR tR’ & OR FRER’ © RRR 13. Y-AERAKA: RiR, + RRs + RR: — RR: +RRs +RsRi R,=BRtRR RR, pp, Ret +R Ri Ry Rp — RR + RR + RR = Be 14, AIRE SY HEY HEA aE TO HR HR EBL A FA ga 1 EL A £8) 3829 ()120V (d)10. 42V Cay HE bE 4K 2W, BOK foe BLE eT. OA I A Co) a DEE i: 2 SRA BEA 120V ts FE BEA HE I LOA, Ns (2) 160kA (b)40kA 2 fH bs BL (c)5mA (d)25pA (12000 1200 5 AP NM aH 12 ASE 8 Ae (oi2a (12a BRIA HAIL? 3 65 1. 5kW 9 HEL HL HE 2A, I JE (9 (7 Fe: (5 a4 (a) 18kV. (b)125V 6 FR 2-63 faces ie me BET48 Ree RROD (a)—0. 8A (b)— 0.24 9 A 2-66 A — 4 ee BAY Vas = 72 (0.24 (0.8 wwe +) sv 3y 60 AW a 5 2-63 SO W wv 7 2-64 ANH HE TO a i) It sv Sv 10a a a | Oe Ge — I we we ow WW z “Qe Qs lr v Vv © a W264 BUT W266 SUG9w Ws tA SS BA 10 EDR 2-67 ARAL BH, Ry Wish FRU (aa (@16A FAR. 8 TER 2-65 Pra HA PE. VET. lov re p>—t}+—_ f we SR we *) av Bw 267 Lael vis Cada Re AVL — CDRs PAE HL FE OR, MMAR — DR, WRIT Bees SIMS COLL EIRIEA (@)30V (uv MR: 16) Ces 3Cb)s ACe)s 5Ce)s 6b); (lov (ev T(a); 8(d); 9¢d)s 10¢b, dd aa 225 Loon Vy TAR Bae A BG te A HE AE, BE BEALL, FFE RUE TT SE. A HE 2 BH ti £ A ER. AE A oa aor = 2500 HEA TE. 2 REAL GOW, 120 Ay LT He YA He BEL. 3 SIR RAR RHE dem, LR mE He noe 3e48 WCF A A BILAL 9 2400, at OR Bk we A A a WE, 23% 4 CHER 2-68 PIF IST LE LATA i. 5 ZEN 2-69 ARAYA, BOR IEA A. 3k CO) ATE LLE 2 BY, BOR HSE i JECT BB.2-69 3eS © EPR 2-70 ira By Si . W270 Smee 7 RUB 2-71 BA BO Ra CRT A 12 4Q. we sa } 24 2 3878 24% By TARA Ae WE EA KCL, Bit — 7h (PLN. SFE AMR SR. AMIR 2-72 Ba SAE WE ia ins ic OULU BL SOR MAHAL Mi, =D ish ie 272 3m8 we *9 RM 2-73 RPM i. i. 4A tu fe af( «2 |p fu ® |Ine tA 39 2-73 He RAR 10 RAH 2-74 RAHA BRAY i, AL i ay wn 2-74 3a 10 ww V1 72H 2-75 Brae, HEV, AVE. 2-75 311 12 ER 2-76 Pa, Ru. ue. we +30v— = 50V + 2-76 3M12 13° SME 2-77 Pf aR eB. AUF KCL oR 3 Bi L~k. {e 277 313 14 Ze 2-78 PR ARBRE. AL KVL it eB HR V~Vi. 2-78 9M 1450 F-#F LAER 15 HSER 2-79 Bra ra Be AY v Ais 129 +16v—~ A279 3158 16 RAM 2-80 Bra BRE AY Ve. 162 149 - + tov (+ Vo +) 2sv A280 3a 16 w 17 SREB 2-81 AFAR HY oy ~ es. 281 38178 18 REM 2-82 Brae BabA TA Va. tov 20 WER 2-84 Pra a Beh AY i. fo 20 AW svt Si, 284 3208 21 SRE 2-85 STAHL BEHAV. 2V, 12 WW <> iv We 20 285 a 21 22 RH 5: 286 B22 8 23 EM 2-87 Pra. WE v. R120 BiH. 3a 2 5a € M as " av iO 2) 6 38a Srna b 2-82 3M ise 19 ER 2-83 Bra He Beh, oT, BLN 9G A 3h M287 M23 BURG RET. 24 AFA 2-88 BRAVE BOR AD a, Ri: 10V Ry MR, RAHM V./V,. MRR, = €} 1 Re Ra MMB, | V/V, | ' eR we 330 AW V(r R= aly RS Q = : =v 283 M198 2-88 Ym 425 108 2-89 PF aH PE, oR 2OkO He AHL toy Wi. HR, URGE ADR, smA (p) 10k 2v, oo, =ska = 20K0 2-89 3 25 2.5 FM 2.6 7 26 TER 2-90 PRA BE. 3A, Hi Bia Pha FE BR. “109 —— ian Hoe RARH 51 25 1800. Wr Rg—> 2-94 38308 31 OFA 2-95 PRA, WE A ~ is 3a a 2oov (+ 42 1a S| on [4 T 2-90 3 26 27 HAE 2-91 Bra BPAY i. 8Q Mi 1, ov Sx 260 A291 3278 20 Ay TB oe oA AUR 2-92 eit — 1 BL. © x aaa + o “GE % ER 292 3H 28 we 29 2-93 PATA IY SO, RRa. eV WA Ry os s = 82-93 3 29 30 RAM 2-94 PRAHA PE PAY Rog. 295 3m 32 RH 2-96 am PHD A ~i, oon 2 2002 cw 5 400. 50a [ Ly Wi 296 332 33 RA 2-97 PRAHA REPAY vA, Las 6s 9a (p) v E18 2s 538 297 38338 34 ALMA / SERA. RAH AM 2-98 Brac ‘Ph BA Ot At BY Rw LOR HB BO. 200 22 600 AM ial 200v 10a = 80a = AN M 320 200 FA 2-98 2) Mi 3452 Ree HER 35 HES 2-99 Brass PAN V. A. 209 3m 35 36 RAH 2-100 BraHa Beh AY i AV. i, 800 240 50a AW 250 + rv 202 30 zh 2-100 3m36 A 37 RA 2-101 Bra REPAY Re R 100 + 10v - 2-101 337 8 38 RAM 2-102 Pravea wei i, 5 R,. 602 129 Lows, b, 250 6a 800 ave 150 = 200 \ 40 Ze) 2-104 RRM MP, RIMR,. . 80 20 19 wv ] sv & son 520 Reg 2-104 Yi 40 41 MRE 2-105 Bravia BA Ry =50, RR. 2105 341 42 HGP 2-106 4 vis BA TRY A bP SH BAe Be sa ao aa 200 pee v Mi 308 » 20 4a sa ow iv wv b sa 3a | 0a Law ww 80 40 NW WM » 2-106 ii 42 43° HSE 2-107 BRA AB a, b tA Re BRo. Tie, 2-102 338 A 39 HOA 2-103 Brame BPR, oa WW 2a, 1a 4k 12k 2a 10 12K0 5 » ») PA 2-103 >) A 39 Pa 2-107 UL 43HOR RAR 53 44 RAR 2-108 HAR HEB a,b MH APH BH. sa 5a 6a WW 5 Pk |< Sm 30 a ab 6 {__] moa s 2108 Ba i 45 REL 2-109 tax 4 vis BP AY a,b BH AY 8a “30 BH 2111 347 Ne 27% 400 48 HEA 2-112 BrAR HN TA Y SESE HA WW a 100 20 aaa eines a = 10a wae sa $ 500 a) bo 302-200 . sow —-WW—0b 302 - c ») 3a 2-112 3a 48 49 HEEL 2-113 Bi AR AD AA PSE BR Y PS. 120 a mM b 15a va \, ») 20% S20 FA 2-109 > 45 46 RPA 2-110 Brae eh AY T © 200 15a ® 1 pg PM Ow won | — WW > 52 15 “ Lom LAS Bat ¢ 240 iio! 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D4. 2.3) 5 RGMABK: 3 0-2 -1)[™ 12 —4 7 —1/|u|=}0 2 -3 Idly 0 at = & ma, met aad SEH A. Ons Be ALO, WHAT IK, I 3X3 MENTE II ROL 1 SS (3. 2.6) He 4864 Fe LEB PERRI ITT, FCA, AKRON F ita: -2 3-2 -1 A L: 7 -1f=_ 4, wal e+4+—-9-8 = 10 2-3 1 7 FB, GE: A= 4 7 84+0+0—0— 36-0 = 48 = =0+0—24—0—-0+4+ 48 = 24 - + - o a - + 2 b= = 0+144+0—168—-0—-0 =— 24 = + - 7 + = + Feel: = 2 BL or = 7 a aBa Bata, w= = Bara, n= B= sH=—24y GRAB 1 HBR. AKZ A MATLAB RMB, KG. 2.0 TUS: AV=B => V=A"B HH, AW3X3 TH, BAARR, VAARERH 1. ue Muy ARMM. AAD MATLAB it # V fF M0 F >>A=[3 -2 -1;-4 7 -1; 2 -3 1 >>B=[12 0 0]'; >>V=inv(A) * B 4. 8000 V= 2.4000 r Fa a —2, 4000 FR) w= 48V, w=24Ve w= 24V. SR aw 340 S60 FET A Ar A A < y ) CBS 3-2 RA 3-6 MARRS ESA RY HR. SR: v= 32V, w=—25.6V, a vy) =62.4V 3-6 53-2RI PHAR 65 3.3 SRRERBBAN TAS TP BRUT HE os ER RAY AP A VL RL 3-7 as AY Bn Bd, DF HE Titit. SAR WRECMEEES TR SESS VASA, MASS AER SF BAAR. 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REP 3-100 Bir Bo A pow 7 RUA KCL, 48 al ey 2=i+i4+7 cy AVARBERA 1 Mi, A: a) Z20 ant Ga pane pene t7 Batu tu t28 if a = m% =—20—2y, G.3.D wis 33H AT WA) v5 ve ZUMGIR, RA 3-1ob HAR Ae ee BE RUA KVL, Sl Be— JA: —u—2+un=0 > wy=ut2 (3. 3. 2) 3 2) a AIKCL > atmo 3-10 3-3 De Hash (3. 3. 1) 5X03. 3. 2) AG: wy = uy +2 =—20—2y, a 3u=—-22 > v, =—7.333V SHEL y= a, +2=—5. 333(V), HERE, 100 HBL RE BRAS A we EB HE IO, RET ABM. < © 313-3 RA 3-11 MARE MY oS, R: —400mV, 2.8A SRR 3-12 Bip as Ha BP A AY A EE 3-11 53-3 Pa 3-12° fi 3-4 1 A 2 RR 3 A RRSRI RM aR 67 AW PSMA KCL, QF 3-130 Bia, MRT 2b. Ai i +10=4 +h ST ak Aa Ae a ST aw Hutu eo tio +3 3 ay Su +u,—v; —2u, = 60 3.4.) ER 3, AT Sm i = =u uy aaatiti > ; poth+s a 4u, + 2u, — Sv, — 164 = 0 (3. 4,2) 30 AMM ane ic) 20v 4 3y > Wi é> a) RY ha AU IKCL b) XtLBEAEAIKVL 3-13 fil 3-4 STR F iit FR SCBA KVL, a 3-13 ita. SFB 1, —u+20+y=0 > w-w=20 (3.4.3) FRR 2, As —u+3u,+%=0 (ib, HF uuu, Bs (3.4.4) 3u— uy —2u = AF PLB 3. Ais v, — 3u, + 64; —20 = 0 BI 6i,=v—v Hunn» Bs —2u, —v + +20 = 20 (3.4.5) TERRES IAT TE OL. tes 0s Ml oes ASRS. 4. D~ RG. 4. 5) WT Py Bef BB UAH OR YR SIS TAS Dv RIE Be AY «ELD SE te. TIDE AIH MATLAB RARHE(3. 4. 1 ~ 3003. 4. 4), LA EAI SEH FE RARER BE. Hh 3.4. 3) BTR v= 11 — 20, HEAP HARA SKS. 4. DK (3.4.2), 4B: 6u, — vy — 24, = 80 (3.4.6) Al 6u, —5v, — 16, = 40 (3.4.7) KAA, OG. 4. 6) 5K. 4. 75 TEM +68 FHF HARD bo Ieee PUFA SESE. ATG: 3-1 -2 o -1 -2 A=|6 —-1 —2/=-18, a,=/80 —1 —2/=—480, 6 -5 —16 40 —5 —16 30 -2 3-1 0 4,=|6 80 -—2/=—3120, a,=|6 —1 80/= 840 6 40 —16 6 —5 40 Hi, SPW AH EM oa a: _ —480 a t= B= Lag = 26. 67¢V), wi ye — 4s _ = 3210 _ Te 7 . w= B= Sp = 173.330), U . 20 240. 30 — Ar 840 = w= = Tag = 46 67(V) HA v. =v. —20=6.667(V), BIA fH AK C3. 4.5), a Hi E < TABU RATE OE . mou gyom % 3) 3-4 AURA ROTI OR A 3-14 AR HB PAY 1 u Su. MR: vi =7. 608V, v.=—17.39V, w=1. 6305V 1A 3.4 PLS ae ©) POUFL SY Air DAs Hee HF FU FL os ky i SE A 20 EUG Fa — FA BBE Dr Bas 5 AUF MAB 7 FH We Me Fa Ue BE PT AR AR EL VA i > aK RTH. HIT EITM. BRIE — A HP in 50 0 S399 TB AOA ACE A Fs UI A T\ua/T Phe, SE ELIE A FE oH 8 ae “WARDHA AE FAL KCL: P20 6 8 opi 9 Be «UTR I ER AL KV LR A ADT PEL AD OT AN ART 8 PT HB Ps PL EMG FAT + Gi (planar) ALB. RAAF iii a Be RA WIEN Pie AE He A HB, Se BO om. B69 AE FH (nonplanar) th Be. A HE HB AP RL A BEM SCP, (A Fe Wn SR We I Ul FG BEAT AE, AB TREE TH BE. Bl, FA 3-150 SpA BRAT AR eR Re, HE SRF A 3-15b Br mR mY He. FA 3-15 afi as Ha Bit OF THs Ba. AR TT, PA 3-16 it a HL Bea AF im Hee Po Bk AE Aa OT HE im BAT BE Bt A HEL» he SA TB A RD A APT EET OT» HAN PAE. WR: MLD ROH ORD AM MILD b) MRAM, HAR eR thik. WY S-15 ERE a) ASE SCRE OF THRRit BHA 69 FV SEES SB PLDT GL ett — 2 PL A BE ALR E SETH Hh — FH, GAN, ZEKL 3-17 fh, BETS abe fa Ml bcdeb Kw RIFL. (ARK abcde fa RATE RITL. We PEEL AY 8 BE Ps FAL we i (mesh current). RUFL SPOT REAR EI KVL oR obs oa oh Bi a FL HA HEAT HK. HR: RR abcdefa RABGRAAMIL, KVL GREM, MEAELEM, OB PHRF AF ALP ME, 19 4Q = 72 22 a hk bok | Ba — " {5 SA ; / i L G) 102 f € a A 3-16 te OF me 3-17 #4 AL A ARTIS HE AR 2 HA UE TD TH ag FL AT as a LT Te ELA mn TTL AY BRETT ALP TL 5 MEHL Se RAFAL Se RR 1. Fyn PALSY SSE FE PIFL HHL Hs de voy ine 2. Rf mA FL AY SLD VL 5 ABR BHP FIL 3 8 8 HH RR mn a AE FEAL i FF if EA 3-17 OF a8 HB A a tA A A iz SL ANY OF ESN ID iy AD io 5 FBP PLL HOGS Ao Td J A AE) ELD AB AL He i HEB BR: ALEAHAM TALES MHA OREM AAG), FRAY OMA aie. Bo, MEAL KVL. XFL 1 WE KVL Oye —Vi +R +R —) =0 x (R) +Ry)i — Reis = Vi (3.13) APMIFL 2 KVL, #95: Reis + V2 + Rye — i) = 0 a Rui, + (Ri +R ir =— Ve 3.14) TERE, AER. 13) i ROMS — PAL LZ AG is 9 AR SRC AL AL 2 Se AT HABA BELAPL PY HSI. GX PALAIS C3. LA PAE NAG) UIE DA PE S975 OAL Ts EY PET Ws. 3.6 HREM PEE Ab Te. BR: PR-PALGAMZAMMA A 1, HH PAL DAME Wik OAH HI, A RRA EKABEMT.10 BHF Kit ee RES, RRMA. KRG 1DHRZIOBPRMABR, BA. Ri +R, —R; iy Vv . eee perl ale eal GI SEZ BNA 4 BY PY FL Ha Bie i AN ia A A ae A AE fm) — pe BOR A ER SH (2.12) 5 AOS Be PO 6 ASAD A SY LB CEU) » SY C= 6—n +1. DBs RFE POU-FL ST RAS ORR Eek Bs SS SBC ag BEL A Se A SR TER, MIMS MILA, RAE ILA, A ATA AY. ARAMA i, FN i AIL. AT RA. TA TL. Te. Ts HLH ARCA. EPA 3-17 5 =i, I, = ins 1, =i -i, (3. 16) FAFA PSL A) TR A 3-18 PTA Ha Be Pe HHT. Te ATs 6 2 MEAT KVL ORI USL. MERI, A sa 4 62 =15+5i +10 — 2) +10 =0 wy a {5 3 — 2%, = 1 (3.5.1) = 100 MFRS 2, A: S Giz + din + 10Cé, — i) —10 = 0 v@ G) G) =s0 BD *) 10v i) = 2-1 (3.5.2) BH RRA, HKG. 5. 24RARG5.D, Beis wee 85: 6i, —3—2i, = 1 > i, =1A FSR (3.5.2), ip =2i2 -1=2—-1=1(A), Alt: I, =1A, I, =i, =1A, 1 =i - =0 FIR 2 AVATMHAM, HR. 5. DGG. 5. 2) BT: En alir ti] BAA: RUA: BRS LAA. < 2 BEST 3-5 HSLAN 3-19 Pipa BP AY PTL He a 5 ie. MR: =2WwSA, =O ALFA FL AD PER A 3-20 ras He Bie hy HPAL T . MSIL ACK KVL. XE RIEL 1, 49 — 24+ 104, —i2) +1244, —i:) = 0 a Mla, — Siz — is = 12 (3.6.1) MT RIAL 2, #: 244i, + 4G: — is) +10 — i.) = 083% Phe ae 20 90 ts ; 40 wv 2) wv w® CG) Lom 129 @) * do A 3-20 a0 —5i + 19% — 2%, = 0 (3.6.2) MFRFL 3, A: 41, +12 — i) +4 — i) =0 (ARETEW AR AMMA Io=i in» LALA: 4G — 2) +12 — 4) +4 — 2) = 0 ey ib +2, =0 (3.6. 3) XG. 6. 1) ~R(3. 6. 3) 5 BRN i 12 Al - | iy 0 BETA WED n -5 -6 -5 19 -2 5 A= | = #18—30—10— 114 ~ 22 ~ 50 = 192 - 19 >ale+ -1-1 2 + 5 = = 456 — 24 = 432 a pa. : ; ; I li = 244120 = 144 + 19 12 0 5 9 “8, a= = 60 + 228 = 288 - + - 1 + - +2 he Lhe Mw FA JA Be HEA HH 9 PL oc = a= B= 22500), a= =H = 0.75), a= B= Bais PRA, I= =1.5(A). < S36 AILSA 3-21 PARP AY I SR. 4A 3.5 Ay A Dit UR a AY LD a HEAL SPOT IF CL a oe MR A A SEE A BT SPAR HC BEBE AR. IE FRE, FMR FE TE, BD TORENT RC, SRR RR Ae. AF AHR MR: BRM ET— TAL, A 3-22 Pra. BALI IE i= — 5A, FEM — ALE TS UL +4 +6G,—-2)=0 > i, =-2A (3.17) 6a WV nt) 40 G) sa 4a 3a Wiis an il wove G) “® +> lig lov G) = 6a Cds {___d 3-21 3-6 Pal 3-22 AE DO AY HB SAAR: BRMEETATMILZ I, WA 3-230 Ma, HR AS SK MTC APRIG » 4E)—4+28 MAL (supermesh), Mi] 3-23b Him. SATMAAA-THRR (MURR), REE-TMTL 6a 10a EMT a) AAA TMT TL, by) AeA SRE AP a BTL, FR 3-23 a FL He Bt ‘MR 3-23 FORA 5 FA) AE REPL on SFL 9 Sb PR SS ASU SSS FR — 4S Bit dR LEE AE — TLD ft BENG AB PAL EF AB 9 Sch 2 PL 2 FAK Lf os a a eB LFS ELE UP DG 9 He J AR A. RTT. FL SIL RE. SRE KVL ny WLR. Flt, XPEA 3-23b Sra MAE RIFLE KVL 4: — 20+ 6i, + 10i, + 4%, = 0 a 6i, + 14i, = 20 (3.18) FELD FL SEAT ee EAM KCL. XbA 3-230 ay ONLI KCL 8;RIe PMH 13 =a +6 (3.19) fi Fy FAK (3. 18) 5K(3.19), HS: i =-3.2A, ip =2.8A (3. 20) BML FST RE: 1, EE FO-FL 9 Fe Sk RARE BE TOR A FL ML 9 2 2. ARIAL AS AH ie. 3. RYE PAL BE Fed mt AY KVL i KCL AUF AL SY OAR A 3-24 PAR HRP I i ~i, 20 a FA 3-24 fil 3-7 FL 8: FLL SAL 2A TR. HUE HR — TRS. RE. FFL 2 ‘SIAL 3 SEAR — PSHE ML THER, ELA EAT C—O LH 3 AR ARAL, WP HR TAS. — A EFL KVL, Ais 2i, + diy + BC, — i.) + 67, = 0 a i, +3i, + 61, — 4%, = 0 G.7.D ALP STI, CET P REA KCL, #7: &=its 3.7.2) MPM, TE QUEM KCL, 4: =i, +3], (1IL=—i. MU: i: =i —3i, ASMIFL 4 WAL KVL, Ais 2i, +8Ci, — i) +10 = 0 ey oot] Si, —4i, =—5 20 a) = Hk (3.7.1) ~C3. 7.4), HEB: i =-7.5A, ip =—2.5A, wv G) yy iy =3.93A, iy = 2.143 < 6) 80 Be) 3-7 AALS) BE OR A 3-25. a HB A) 18, j iy ip Mise Rs i —4.632A, i= 631.6A, i =1.4736A (43-25 2) 3-74 R-e RR OR 13.6 ZFRRAN PADS MALS ATER AAT SPT 5 UAL SPB A — AAR RC — A FH BT Tk. HO Ba A AT Hs WS RSE hb 18 3. 2 AREER 4 15 LID KCL 10 B45 i Ha FE r-O-7 LA a EE BS AHL. TT PL 9-2 »| @ TRA BEN Ol, Fr HAS I, HE HC HF FAL 3-260, wn RR MESA, 3.2 THES AT BA: G+G —-G Jfuj_[h—-h bes atalal=[ i ] aan i WSLS. 21) ATS, EAHA AY A TD BEE SR en LAVA 2 AEH EZ A TARE PR A R, R FERTPAZAR SOM RM, KO. 2D FSA we “ > @) Ov AHMAD AHS EA A “u® G) te, ALTA FR HE A @) 7 ANAS AAA UAT Re AE PEAT LA ea AMPK: b) PA3-1788) Gu Goo Gy] fa iy FH 3-26 Ha BA Ea Gu Gao Gw iia) _ lis) (3 oy Gm Gye + Gywd Loy. in Be fi HEN: Gai (3. 23) EH, Guo SW Kk MERW ARES A Gy =Gu= HRS ik, 7 MER FZ MA, He kj: Ue ARB Ab HY AR FA LK = ARS bE REA TA A RRO, AOA EE. G PH & $46 (conductance matrix), v LARA, TAMAR. Rh C3. 22) BRT AAS BAS AAW aR AF WMCP ACAE C3, 22) ML RP ALA We HD UR AV HE BY BR. Fey, 4 Se tk ot BAL ota Be HAC a eae A PL (BEELIL, HEPA 3-17 Pr aN HH Be BT MFA 3-26b, BAT SFL 3.4 HE SE A LARA: R+R —Ry fis uy [ -R, neni [7] tom HSRC. 24) A UAE, ARETE ANSE OTL HAG HZ A, TE PR TE POUFL 1 GPU FL 2 SEA Ha BELO AT BBR C3. 24) Fs TE ANT DL AS TE FER RO ABSA, AR A BN NEL 5 SUSE FL ET J BeBIG BHR R 15 iy U Ra Re iz We : =|. (3. 25) m Ree + Revd Lind low Bk FLD Rav (3, 26) JEP, Ru = BLA PSS As Ry = Ra= BALA SMFLF MSA MAH, Se RASS ig = PUL FP MBL EEA TBS AS Fa PL Bs = PEL Ae PPE ULE tO TAS A RA, PTE AL. RAH & L4H (resistance matrix), i VHRR, v OMAR. RAHKK C3. 25) Be HY LAA 3 As 9 POF Gi RFE IR TSS HH PRL 3-27 At as BB OY a AD. 2a 19 4 52 »| 8 wn 2 ly 3A wa GIA 4a 20 p) 4a 3-27 B38 WR: 3-27 POTS A, OAS BE. HL SEG Wi AX 4 FE, REE G AYRE A RTC NF CHL TFs Le Hlytyde Gu=P4+h=038 Gea P+ Ett = 1325, -14141 vein Go =Z4+E4+4=05, Guat ptt = 1.625 TEX ARIK A: Gy =- 4 =—0.2, . 1 Gy =- 0.2, Gy =-h=-1 Gy =0 Gy =- 4+ =—0.125 Gn = 0+ mang Gu =0, , Gy =— 0.125 i AH BR HR i 9 SG CPE Dy eH =3, &=-1-2=-3, 4=0, 4 =2+4=6 PA, Wi Aha HEAT BY16 BHF ROB 0.3 —0.2 0 0 w 3 —0.2 1.325 0.125 -1 ||w|_ |-3 0 0.125 0.5 —0.125]Ju]) | 0 0 —1 0.125 1.625 | ly 6 FULAA MATLAB RAPER, BAWABA 1. wy wy Mu. < 2 513-8 AIRS A 9-28 Pram HA eA A 1.25 -0.2 —1 o 7fe 0 0.2 0.2 0 0 | lu 5 BR) 49.25 0.25] ]a,|~|—3 0 o -o25 1.25 }lu) Le] Al FREES th PL 3-29 Pras oes Be 9 PTL Dt BB. abn 1a @2a 20 leet 200 4a = (i) 30 = Ga) *) ov 2) pv aL | 3-28 #438 H 13-29 fi] 3-9 $s TARA BAT S TS PUFL, TVA RAE SxS, RE TC MR CH Ae aD Ry =5+24+2=9, Ry =2+44+141+4+2=10, Ry =2+34+4=9, Ry =14+34+4=8, Ry =1+3=4 AEM RICH A « Ry =—2, Ryn =—4, Ru =—4, Re =—1, Re =—-1, SBA HS FR RE A HB CA RD u=4, w=10-4=6, wy =—12+6=—6, w=0, w=—6 SUA. PSL HE Dit 7B 9 -2 -2 0 o7ff 4 —2 10 —4 -1 —-1/lié: 6 -2-4 9 0 0 |i} = |-6 0 -1 0 8 =—3/li 0 0 -1 0 —3 451i, 6.RIe RMA 17 He AT LAA] MATLAB RG FLY i ta. iy Ais. < RP) 3-9 AWE IS tH FL 3-30 ira ee By POL oe eR. 150 —20 0 80 0 7fi 30 —20 65 —30 —15 0 |lir 0 SR: | 0 -30 50 0 —20//i| = |—12 —80 -15 0 9 oOo }la 20 0 0 20 0 80 J |i, — 20. 3-30 3-9 3.7 FRR TT PO FL So A TK A BE FSD T TAS RAL SP AT Ds 3D BT SA BP HET REE. HAAS (is CED Br ses BO Stems 5 SE A aL RP — i HEAP SAE A HEI EBB THK 9 Hl 24 SEAS RRA HE PEAS ATE © LCL URGE SF FL Bi EGG AAA MO SL SP TTA 5 TT EL BE HEH TC AE SEs UR eR Pt, GAP PEAR SP TAS 5 HGS 5 AE gi BAS PAL BBY 245 ER A SP TP FL 2 FAS 8 Be ERTL AT I «SA IBC BD AT a A a EH A WTF ENE. AA RE OR BE,. AURORALHE, AP AB DY PTD BE AAs FRA Se Bt Te BO FL HDi» RAL FL a 2 SE ep POT SHE AD Te I RA Ae. 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