10 ‘hip 7» Ont compression Goaina Type Basie Technique anv lenh Coding Entropy Coving Hatimin Coding “ilmatc Coding Prsdicion DRM Dw "Taalinmtion ar Source Cong Der Bic Postion Layered Coding according. | Sobsnpling ‘o importance) Subba Cig ‘Vecor Quantization TEC Hybrid Coding MPEG Hass Many propreary ms Table 7-1 Overview of some coding and compression techniques. 7.3 Source, Entropy, and Hybrid Coding Compression techniques can be categorized as shown in Table 7-1. We distinguish among three types of coding: entropy, source, and hybrid coding. Entropy coding is a lossless process, while source coding is often lossy. Most multimedia systems. use hybrid techniques; most are only combinations of entropy and source coding, without any new processing algorithms. 7.3.1 Entropy Coding Entropy coding can be used for different media regardless of the medium’ spe- cific characteristics. The data to be compressed are viewed as a sequence of digital data values, and their semantics are ignored. It is lossless because the data prior to encoding identical tothe data after decoding; no information is ost. Thus run-length encoding, for example, can be used for compression of any type of data in a file system, for ‘example, text, still images for facsimile, or as part of motioa picture or audio coding.