STUDENT CODE OF ETHIC

(SCE)
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

CENTRE FOR DIPLOMA STUDIES

UTHM

I, hereby confess that I have prepared this report on my own effort. I also admit not to receive or
give any help during the preparation of this report and pledge that everything mentioned in the
report is true.

______________________
Student Signature

Name : …………………………………………

Matric No. : …………………………………………

Date : …………………………………………
 CENTRE FOR DIPLOMA STUDIES
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING LABORATORY

REPORT

SUBJECT CODE

TEST CODE & TITLE MMB 04/ DISCHARGE OVER WEIRS

COURSE CODE
TESTING DATE
STUDENT NAME
GROUP
1.

2.

GROUP MEMBER NAMES 3.

4.

5.

LECTURER/ INSTRUCTOR/
TUTOR NAME

REPORT RECEIVED DATE

ATTENDANCE/ DISCIPLINE
MARKS /15%
& INVOLVEMENT
DATA ANALYSIS /20%

RESULT /20%

DISCUSSION /25%

CONCLUSION /20%

TOTAL /100%
EXAMINER COMMENT RECEIVED STAMP
 CENTRE FOR DIPLOMA STUDIES PAGE: 1/7
EDITION: 1
DEPT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
REVIEW NO.: 03
EFFECTIVE DATE: 1/7/10
EXPERIMENT: DISCHARGE OVER WEIRS AMENDMENT
1/7/10
DATE:

1.0 OBJECTIVE

To study the relation between flowrate and total head above the cress level of the rectangular notch
and V notch.

2.0 LEARNING OUTCOME

At the end of this experiment, students are able to:
 Calculate the flowrate in difference notch.
 Identify the relationship between flowrate and total head.
 Identify the velocity and the magnitude of the flowrate in notch.

3.0 THEORY OF THE EXPERIMENT

THEORY OF RECTANGULAR NOTCH AND V NOTCH

The notch is similar to that observed at a sharp edged orifice, and has the same effect of reducing the
discharge rate. Therefore rewrite the equation from sharp edged weirs as :
 2  3
Q  C d B 2 g 
 H
2
 3
Where,
Cd  Flowrate Coefficient
B  Breadth of notch
H  Head or depth of the point below the undisturbed surface level.

8  5
Q  Cd 2g tan
15 2 H 2

Where,
Cd = Flowrate Cofficient

= Half angle of the V notch
2
H = Head or depth of the point below the undisturbed surface level.

CENTRE FOR DIPLOMA STUDIES PAGE: 2/7

 EDITION: 1
DEPT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
REVIEW NO.: 03
EFFECTIVE DATE: 1/7/10
EXPERIMENT: DISCHARGE OVER WEIRS AMENDMENT
1/7/10
DATE:

4.0 EQUIPMENT
1.Hydraulic Bench

2.Rectangular & V notch

3.Stop Watch

Figure 1: Rectangular Notch in Hydraulic Bench

Figure 2: V Notch in Hydraulic Bench

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5.0 PROCEDURE

5.1 PROCEDURE OF RECTANGULAR NOTCH

1. The apparatus is first connected to the supply and then levelled.

Then, admit water from the bench supply until the level is
approximately correct.
2. The point gauge is then read or set to zero when it is exactly at
the level of the crest of the notch.
3. When the correct level has been obtained, the point gauge is also
brought exactly to the water surface, and the calibrated dial
either read or, if adjustment is possible, set to zero
4. Read the level at the gauge. (h1 = …………….mm).
5. Close the bench hole and take the time refer to the volume.
(V = …….. liter, s1 = ……….)
4. 6. Open the bench hole at the hydraulic bench.
7. Repeat step 4 to 6 for different water level, h s ( h2 = h1 –s )

5.2 PROCEDURE OF V NOTCH

1. The apparatus is first connected to the supply and then levelled. Then, admit water from the bench
supply until the level is approximately correct..
2. The point gauge is then read or set to zero when it is exactly at the level of the crest of the notch.
3. When the correct level has been obtained, the point gauge is also brought exactly to the water
surface, and the calibrated dial either read or, if adjustment is possible, set to zero.
4. Read the level at the gauge.
5. Close the bench hole and take the time refer to the volume.
(V = …….. liter, s1 = ……….)
6. Open the bench hole at the hydraulic bench.
7. Repeat step 4 to 6 for different water level, hs ( h2 = h1 –s )

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 AMENDMENT
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DATE:

6.0 RESULT & ANALYSIS

6.1 Rectangular Notch
1. Note the breadth of weir (B = ……30……………mm)
2. Write down the volume (V), time (T) dan head (H) in table 1.
3. Calculate the flowrate Q,h3/2,Cd dan QTheory in table1.
4. Plot graph Q versus h3/2 and calculate the Cd value from slope of the graph.
5. Compare the value of QTheory using the Cd value from the table.

Table 1
Theory
H V T Q(m3/s)x10-4 H5/2(m)x10-3 Q
 m m 
3
 s Cd
m s 
3

0.07 5L 12 4.17 1.296 7.279351 8.359x10-4

0.06 5L 10 5 0.881 7.279351 5.682 x10-4
0.05 5L 9 5.56 0.559 7.279351 3.605 x10-4
0.04 5L 6 8.33 0.320 7.279351 2.064 x10-4
0.03 5L 4 12.5 0.156 7.279351 1.006 x10-4

6.2 V Notch
Write down the breadth of notch.
1. Note that the value of h and data refer to the volume in table 2.
2. Plot graph Q versus H5/2 and calculate the Cd value from slope of the graph.
3. Calculate the value in the table 2.
4. Calculate the value of QTheory using Cd value from table 2.

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 EFFECTIVE DATE: 1/7/10
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1/7/10
DATE:

Table 2:
Theory
H V T Q(m3/s)x10-4 H5/2(m)x10-6 Q
 m m 
3
 s Cd
m s 
3

0.015 5L 102 0.49 27.56 0.023198 4.046x10-7

0.02 5L 46 1.09 56.57 0.023198 8.260 x10-7
0.025 5L 16 3.13 98.82 0.023198 1.451 x10-6
0.03 5L 12 4.17 155.84 0.023198 2.288 x10-6
0.035 5L 10 5 229.18 0.023198 3.364 x10-6

7.0 QUESTION

1. Compare the differential value of QExperiment with Qtheory for rectangular and show one calculation of
QTeori for rectangular and V notch
2. Discuss the result for rectangular and V notch in this experiment.
3. As an engineer, what the theory using in this experiment. Conclude clearly about this theory and
the using of notch or weir.
4. Question by lecturer

5. Question by lecturer

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EDITION: 1
DEPT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
REVIEW NO.: 03
EXPERIMENT: DISCHARGE OVER WEIRS EFFECTIVE DATE: 1/7/10
 AMENDMENT
1/7/10
DATE:
9.0 Answers
1. the different between the value of Q experiment and Q theory must be not too far
 2  3
Q  C d B 2 g 
 H
2
 3

 2 
Q  (7.279351) (0,03) 2(9.81)  [1.296x10-3 ]
 3 

= 8.359x10-4 m3/s
Calculation of V notch

8  5
Q  Cd 2g tan
15 2 H 2

8
Q  (0.023198) ( 4.43) (tan 15) ( 27.56)
15

=4.046x10-7

2. The results of rectangular and V notch are different. this is due to v notch has higher rate of flow
compared to rectangular notch.

3. A notch is an opening in the side of a measuring tank or reservoir extending above the
freesurface. A weir is a notch on large scale. Weirs are structures consisting of an
obstruction such as adam or bulkhead placed across the open channel with a specially
shaped opening or notch. The weirresults an increase in the water level, or head, which is
measured upstream of the structure.For rectangular weir, when the flow approaches the
edge of the notch, there is acontraction because the velocity at the edge is not normal
to the plane of the notch. This produces areduction in the cross section and some friction in the
flow

CENTRE FOR DIPLOMA STUDIES PAGE: 7/7

EDITION: 1
DEPT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
REVIEW NO.: 03
EFFECTIVE DATE: 1/7/10
EXPERIMENT: DISCHARGE OVER WEIRS AMENDMENT
1/7/10
DATE:
Slope from excel = 7.279351

CENTRE FOR DIPLOMA STUDIES PAGE: 7/7

EDITION: 1
DEPT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
REVIEW NO.: 03
EFFECTIVE DATE: 1/7/10
EXPERIMENT: DISCHARGE OVER WEIRS AMENDMENT
1/7/10
DATE:
Slope from excel = 0.023198