Daniela Alvarez

ISM- Period 7

The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. “Too Many Vaccines? What You Should Know.”

Vaccine Chop, 2015

 Vaccines contain part of the virus or bacteria that induce protective immune response.
 They are called immunological components
 They are made from inactivated bacterial proteins or bacterial sugars called
polysaccharides.
 Each ingredient evokes a distinct immune response
 Those vaccines that protect from bacteria have bacterial proteins, and those that protect
from viral diseases are made from viral proteins.
 They both induce an immune response.
 Children handle immunological challenges every day, and receiving several vaccines is
no big deal.
 They begin this process at birth.
 Babies grow antibodies to the bacteria on their skin as well as the ones passed on from
their mother’s breast milk.
 They are colonized by trillion of bacteria, each bacterium contains between 2,000 and
6,000 immunological components. A vaccine contains only about 150.
 There have been studies conducted by the FDA to suggest that giving multiple vaccines
to children is safe.
 By separating the vaccines or delaying them increases the time that children are exposed
to these diseases, which some are still common.
 Chickenpox, whopping cough and others can still be seen today.
 This will also require the child to visit the doctor more than once which is not convenient.
 Studies have shown that children experience the same amount of stress when they receive
one shot or two.
 Separating this will only increase the stress and trauma of the child, as well as increase
the cost.
 Breastfeeding is not an alternative to vaccines. A child should still receive their
vaccinations if they are breastfeeding. The immunization is stored in immunological
memory, which is known as active immunity. While the antibodies in breast milk were
made by the maternal immune system which only provide short term protection.
 With any medicine vaccines have side effects. They are usually mild and will go away on
its own. Each depends on the vaccines and its additives.
 You should get vaccinated because when fewer people get vaccinated more people get
sick. Not vaccinating put the public at greater risk for diseases that were thought to be
eradicated to come back.
 Some of the disease that vaccines prevent are Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis, Polio,
Hepatis and many more.
This source was very well written and has very useful information on the questions that
parents might have when vaccinating their children; which is a critical part of my
presentation.
 Daniela Alvarez
ISM- Period 7

Bushak, Lecia. “A Brief History of Vaccines: From Medieval Chinese 'Variolation' To Modern

Vaccination.” Medical Daily, 21 Mar. 2016, www.medicaldaily.com/history-vaccines-

variolation-378738.

 Immunization dates back hundreds of years. When Buddhist monks in 17th century China
drank snake venom to gain immunity to snake bites. Or smearing of a skin tear or injury
with cowpox to gain immunity to smallpox.
 There was a smallpox epidemic in Indian in 1545.
 There was a whooping cough epidemic in Paris in 1575.
 1613 was known in Spain as the year of strangulations for its epidemic of diphtheria.
 Early colonies were bringing diseases over when they moved from Europe; such as
measles, yellow fever, and smallpox.
 Edward Jenner is considered the founder of vaccinations, when in 1796 he treated a 13-
year-old boy with vaccinia virus or cowpox, which demonstrated immunity to smallpox.
 In 1798 the first smallpox vaccine was created. And smallpox was eradicated in 1979
 Louis Pasteur experimented with live weakened cholera vaccine, and he inactivated
anthrax vaccines in humans. This happened between 1897 and 1904.
 The plague vaccine was also invented in the late 19th century.
 Sometime between 1890 and 1950 bacterial vaccines were developed. This included the
Bacillis-Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine, which is still used today.
 In 1923 Alexander Glenny created and perfected a tetanus vaccine. And in 1926 the same
methods were used to create a vaccine for diphtheria.
 Pertussis vaccine was developed in 1948.
 During the 50’s there was a polio outbreak in the United States and Jonas Salk and his
research team at the University of Pittsburg developed the first effective polio vaccine.
 The creation on new vaccines has saved many lives since they were created.
 If we every stopped immunizing child against preventable diseases the chance of serious
outbreaks happening again will increases
 Recently a study has been done that a large amount of people with measles and whooping
cough cases have recently come up. They believe that this is a cause of the Anti-Vaxxers,
people that have chosen to not get vaccinated.
 These people believe that vaccinations are harmful and unnecessary.
 In 2014 the Center for Disease Control reported that the highest number of measles cases
in the United States since measles was eradicated in 200.
 Researches are still working to develop vaccines that will treat some of the diseases that
have not been cured yet, such as; malaria, gonorrhea, HIV, ebola, and Zika.
 There has been a decrease in the amount of people getting vaccinated over the last few
years, which is a good explanation for the outbreaks of diseases that have been
eradicated.
 This shows why children especially should be vaccinated.
This source was very in depth about the history of vaccines, while providing good information
about the safety of vaccines.
 Daniela Alvarez
ISM- Period 7

Offit, Paul A., and Charlotte A. Moser. Vaccines & Your Child: Separating Fact from Fiction.

Columbia University Press, 2011.

 The question on the safety of vaccines has always been questioned.

 All vaccines that are given as shots can cause pain, redness, or tenderness at the site on
injection.
 Some vaccines have side effects, for example the measles vaccines can cause a decrease
in platelets. Yet this only happens in 1 in evert 25,000 children who receive the vaccine.
 Some people can have an allergic reaction to the ingredients of the vaccines. Yet nothing
is risk free, everything you do has some risk. The same thing is true about vaccines.
 Before vaccines are administered to the public, there has been a lot of testing done to
ensure they are safe. Living a healthy lifestyle does not guarantee not getting infected by
the bacteria or virus.
 The only way to have immunity to a certain disease of bacteria is to have vaccines or to
have natural (genetic) immunization.
 Today children get vaccines to prevent 14 different vaccines
 One of the many reasons that people choose to not get vaccinated is because they are
afraid that it will cause an autoimmune disease. While some do react against one’s self, it
is mostly because of allergic reactions to the ingredients in the vaccine. Therefore, a
patient must tell the doctor of any allergies they might have.
 Vaccines do not have what it takes to cause the autoimmune diseases occasionally found
after infection such as Guillan-Barre.
 There is no prove in any study that has been done that says that vaccines cause diseases.
The virus is not live; therefore, it does not reproduce. Therefore, it does not have nearly
the intensity of the immune response necessary for the body to react against itself.
 The notion that vaccines started autism started in 1998 when researches in England
posted a paper saying that the MMR (measles-mumps-rubella) caused autism.
 They said the vaccine damaged your intestines and allowed the brain damaged proteins to
travel to the brain. Yet other scientist tried to find similar results yet could not replicate
the study. Twelve studies have showed no evidence that children who receive MMR are
at risk of having autism.
 In 1999 when the American Academy of Pediatrics asked for thimerosal (a ethyl
mercury-containing preservative) be removed from all vaccines given to children, parents
thought this was because it caused Autism. When in fact it was because they were
worried about giving too much mercury. This was proven to not be true by many more
studies.
 A few years went by and parents were now worried that too many vaccines caused
autism. A study was conducted where they compared the neurodevelopmental disorders
in children who were vaccinated according to the recommended schedule with children
whose parents choose to not get them vaccinated and there was no difference. Delaying
the vaccines did not lessen the risk of autism.
This is an excellent source because it is very detailed and well explained, it will be something
I can use to explain to my audience about the myths of vaccines.