Robert Phillipson’s publications

Books
Articles etc in anthologies, encyclopedias, and journals
Publications in press or forthcoming
Working papers
Book reviews
Popularisation
Translations

NB. Each section is in reverse chronological order

Last update: April 2010

BOOKS

Phillipson, Robert 2009. Linguistic imperialism continued. New York and London: Routledge.
Also published in Hyderabad, India for seven South Asian countries by Orient Blackswan.

Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove, Robert Phillipson, Ajit Mohanty and Minati Panda (eds.) 2009.
Social justice through multilingual education. Bristol: Multilingual Matters.

Mohanty, Ajit, Minati Panda, Robert Phillipson and Tove Skutnabb-Kangas (eds.) 2009.
Multilingual education for social justice: Globalising the local. Hyderabad, India: Orient
Blackswan (for seven South Asian countries).

Phillipson, Robert 2003. English-only Europe? Challenging language policy. London: Routledge.
• Also published in a translation into Esperanto by István Ertl as Ĉu nur-angla Eŭropo? Defio
al lingva politiko, in Europo de posedantoj. Rotterdam: Universala Esperanto-Asocio, 2004.
• To be published in a translation into Lithuanian by the Science & Encyclopedia Publishing
Institute.
• There is a 5-page summary of the book elsewhere on the website.

Phillipson, Robert (ed.) 2000. Rights to language: equity, power and education, New York:
Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Miklós Kontra, Robert Phillipson, Tove Skutnabb-Kangas and Tibor Váradi (eds.) 1999. Language, a
right and a resource. Approaching linguistic human rights. Budapest: Central European
University Press.

Tove Skutnabb-Kangas and Phillipson, Robert (eds., in collaboration with Mart Rannut) 1994.
Linguistic human rights: overcoming linguistic discrimination. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.

Holmen, Anne, Robert Phillipson and Tove Skutnabb-Kangas (eds.) 1993. Minoriteter og
uddannelse. Københavnerstudier i tosprogethed 18. Copenhagen: Danmarks Lærerhøjskole,
Center for multikulturelle studier, 1993.

1
Phillipson, Robert 1992. Linguistic imperialism. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
• Also published in China from 2001 by the Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
• Also published in Delhi from 2007 in an edition for sale in India, Nepal, Sri Lanka,
Bangladesh and Bhutan.
• Also published in an Arabic translation in 2009, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia.

Phillipson, Robert, Eric Kellerman, Larry Selinker, Michael Sharwood-Smith and Merrill Swain
(eds.) 1991. Foreign/second language pedagogy research, Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.

Robert Phillipson 1990. English language teaching and imperialism, doctoral dissertation,
University of Amsterdam. Trønninge: Transcultura.

Robert Phillipson and Tove Skutnabb-Kangas 1986. Linguicism rules in education. Roskilde:
Roskilde University Centre, Institute VI, (3 volumes).

Færch, Claus, Kirsten Haastrup and Robert Phillipson 1984. Learner language and language
learning. Copenhagen: Gyldendal and Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.

Phillipson, Robert and Hanne Lauridsen 1982. Danish learning of English obstruents. Copenhagen:
University of Copenhagen Department of English, Anglica et Americana 16, 1982.

Phillipson, Robert 1973. Spare Time. London: Longman.

ARTICLES ETC IN ANTHOLOGIES, ENCYCLOPEDIAS, AND JOURNALS

Phillipson, Robert 2010. The politics and the personal in language education: the state of which art?
Review article on The politics of language education. Individuals and institutions, edited by J.
Charles Alderson. Language and education, 24/2, 151-166. Alderson’s response, pp. 167-168.
Robert Phillipson’s Final comment, p. 169.
Phillipson, Robert 2010. Epilogue: querying language in ‘English-medium’ education. Language
and Education, 24/1, 75–79.
Phillipson, Robert 2009. Disciplines of English and disciplining by English, Asian EFL Journal
(electronic), December 2009. http://www.asian-efl-journal.com/December_2009_rp.php.
Phillipson, Robert 2009. The tension between linguistic diversity and dominant English. In
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove, Ajit Mohanty, Minati Panda and Robert Phillipson (eds.). Social justice
through multilingual education. Bristol: Multilingual Matters, 85-102.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove, Robert Phillipson, Ajit Mohanty and Minati Panda. Multilingual education
concepts, goals, needs and expense: English for all or achieving justice? In Tove Skutnabb-
Kangas, Robert Phillipson, Ajit Mohanty and Minati Panda (eds.), Multilingual education for
social justice: Globalising the local. Bristol: Multilingual Matters, 313-334.
Phillipson, Robert 2009. The tension between linguistic diversity and dominant English. In
Mohanty, Ajit, Minati Panda, Robert Phillipson and Tove Skutnabb-Kangas (eds.) Multilingual
education for social justice: Globalising the local. Hyderabad: Orient Blackswan, 79-94.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove, Robert Phillipson, Ajit Mohanty and Minati Panda. MLE concepts, goals,
needs and expense: English for all or achieving justice? In Ajit Mohanty, Minati Panda, Robert
Phillipson and Tove Skutnabb-Kangas (eds.) Multilingual education for social justice:

2
 Globalising the local. Hyderabad: Orient Blackswan, 313-334.
Phillipson, Robert 2009. English in globalization, a lingua franca or a lingua frankensteinia?.
TESOL Quarterly 43/2, Symposium: Imaging multilingual TESOL, 335-339.
Robert Phillipson and Tove Skutnabb-Kangas 2009. The politics and policies of language and
language teaching. In The handbook of language teaching, ed. Mike Long and Catherine
Doughty. Malden, MA and Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 26-41.
Phillipson, Robert 2009. English in higher education, panacea or pandemic? In English in
Denmark: Language policy, internationalization and university teaching, volume 9 of Angles of
the English-speaking world, ed. Peter Harder. Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press and the
University of Copenhagen, 29-57.
Robert Phillipson 2009. Dialogue and Discourse. In Christian and Critical English Language
Educators in Dialogue: Pedagogical and Ethical Dilemmas, ed. Mary S. Wong and A. Suresh
Canagarajah. London & New York: Routledge, 66-71.
Phillipson, Robert 2009. Is there any unity in diversity in language policies national and
supranational? English as an EU lingua franca or lingua frankensteinia? In National and
European Language Policies. Contributions to the Annual Conference 2008 of EFNIL in Riga,
ed. Gerhard Stickel. Bern: Peter Lang Verlag, 145- 154. (Duisburger Arbeiten zur Sprach- und
Kulturwissenschaft, 73).
Phillipson, Robert 2008. The new linguistic imperial order: English as a European Union lingua
franca or lingua frankensteinia? In ‘Unions: past-present-future’, Journal of Irish and Scottish
Studies, Vol. 1: Issue 2, 189-2003.
Phillipson, Robert 2008. Point de vue anglophone sur l’avenir du français. In L’avenir du français,
ed. Jacques Maurais et al. Paris: Éditions des archives contemporaines, en partenariat avec
l’Agence universitaire de la francophonie, 229-233.
Phillipson, Robert 2008. Lingua franca or lingua frankensteinia? English in European integration
and globalisation. World Englishes, 27/2, 250-284, a ‘Forum’ consisting of the article, responses
by seven scholars and a closing word by Robert Phillipson.
Phillipson, Robert 2008. The new linguistic imperial order: Lessons from Europe of worldwide
relevance. In Towards equitable language policy in Asia, ed. Goro Christoph Kimura. Tokyo:
European Institute, Sophia University and Japana Esperanto-Instituto.
Phillipson, Robert 2008. The linguistic imperialism of neoliberal empire. Critical Inquiry in
Language Studies, 5/1, 2008, 1-43.
Phillipson, Robert 2008. English as threat or resource in continental Europe. In Language and
politics, ed. Wayne H. Finke and Leonard R. N. Ashley. New York: The American Society of
Geolinguistics, 1-13.
Phillipson, Robert 2008. Language policy and education in the European Union. In Language
policy and political issues in education, volume 1 of Encyclopedia of Language and Education,
2nd edition, ed. Stephen May and Nancy H. Hornberger. New York: Springer, 255-265.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove and Robert Phillipson 2008. A human rights perspective on language
ecology. In Ecology of Language, volume 9 of Encyclopedia of Language and Education, 2nd
edition, ed. Angela Creese, Peter Martin and Nancy H. Hornberger. New York: Springer, 3-14.
Phillipson, Robert 2007. Multilingual universities in Europe - criteria for success. In Let 2007 truly
be the year of equal opportunities at the Babeş-Bolyai University. Public hearing in the
European Parliament, Brussels, 9 October 2007. ed. Emese Medgyesi. Cluj-Napoca/Kolozsár:
Stúdium, 12-19. Also in Hungarian in the same publication, pp. 154-162, and in Romanian, pp.
294-302.
Phillipson, Robert 2007. English in Europe: threat or promise? In Language, power and identity
politics, ed. Máiréad Nic Craith. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 65-82.

3
Phillipson, Robert 2007. Linguistic imperialism: a conspiracy, or a conspiracy of silence? Language
policy, 6/3-4, 377-383.
Tove Skutnabb-Kangas and Robert Phillipson 2007. ‘Language ecology’ in the electronic Handbook
of Pragmatics, eds. Jef Verschueren and Jan-Ola Östman, in collaboration with Eline Versluys.
Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 25 pp (revision of a 2001 publication).
Phillipson, Robert 2007. Kakukkfióka-e az angol az európai felsőoktatás nyelvi fészkében?
(Hungarian translation of ‘English, a cuckoo in the European higher education nest of
languages?’ European Journal of English Studies, 10/1, 2006). Jel-Kép: Kommunikáció,
közvélemény, média (Sign and Picture: communication, public opinion, media), 2007/2: 79-97
(Journal of The Foundation for Hungarian Media and the Communication Theory Research
Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest).
Phillipson, Robert and Tove Skutnabb-Kangas 2007. Review Article: Reviewing a book and how it
relates to ‘global’ English, Wizard of the crow by Ngŭgĭ wa Thiong’o. The European English
Messenger, 16/1, 50-54.
Phillipson, Robert 2007. English, no longer a foreign language in Europe? In International
Handbook of English Language Teaching, Part 1, ed. Jim Cummins and Chris Davison. New
York: Springer, 123-136.
Eduardo Mendieta, Robert Phillipson and Tove Skutnabb-Kangas 2006. English in the geopolitics
of knowledge. Revista Canaria de Estudios Ingleses, 53, 15-26.
Phillipson, Robert 2006. Colonization and decolonization / Kolonisation und Dekolonisation. Entry
226 in Sociolinguistics / Soziolinguistik. An International Handbook of the Science of Language
and Society. Ein Internationales Handbuch zur Wissenschaft von Sprache und Gesellschaft,
second completely revised and extended edition, volume 3. Edited by Ulrich Ammon, Norbert
Dittmar, Klaus J. Mattheier & Peter Trudgill. Berlin: de Gruyter, 2233-2240.
Phillipson, Robert 2006. Language spread / Sprachverbreitung. Entry 231 i Sociolinguistics /
Soziolinguistik. An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society. Ein
Internationales Handbuch zur Wissenschaft von Sprache und Gesellschaft, second completely
revised and extended edition, volume 3. Edited by Ulrich Ammon, Norbert Dittmar, Klaus J.
Mattheier & Peter Trudgill. Berlin: de Gruyter, 2299-2306.
Phillipson, Robert 2006. ”It’s the economy, stupid” (President Clinton) - eller har den sproglige
mangfoldighed en chance? Kronik, Sprogforum 36, 4-7.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove, Miklós Kontra and Robert Phillipson 2006. Getting linguistic human
rights right: a trio respond to Wee (2005). Applied Linguistics 27/2: 318-324.
Phillipson, Robert 2006. English, a cuckoo in the European higher education nest of languages?
European Journal of English Studies, 10/1, 13-32.
Phillipson, Robert 2006. Language policy and linguistic imperialism. In Ricento, Thomas (ed.). An
introduction to language policy. Theory and method. Oxford: Blackwell, 346-361.
Phillipson, Robert 2006. Figuring out the Englishisation of Europe. In Leung, Constant & Jenkins,
Jennifer (eds). Reconfiguring Europe: The Contribution of Applied Linguistics. London:
Equinox, and British Association for Applied Linguistics, 65-86.
Phillipson, Robert 2005. L’anglais, un impérialisme linguistique qui ne date pas d’aujourd’hui. In
Impérialismes linguistiques hier et aujourd’hui, ed. Louis-Jean Calvet and Pascal Griolet. Aix-
en-provence : INALCO / ÉDISUD, 159-171.
Phillipson, Robert 2005. Linguistic imperialism. Entry in Encyclopedia of Language and
Linguistics, Second edition. Keith Brown (ed.), volume 10, 44-47 (under ‘Linguistic
pragmatics’, ms 4309). Oxford: Elsevier.
Phillipson, Robert 2005. Europejczycy właśicielami języka angielsko? Are Europeans the owners of
English? In Europa właśicieli, ed. Zbigniew Galor. Poznan: Department of Social Sciences,

4
 Agricultural University in Poznan, 107-126. Translation into Polish of 22 pages from Ču nur-
angla Eŭropo? Defio al lingva politico (Engish-only Europe? Challenging language policy).
Phillipson, Robert 2004. English as threat or resource in continental Europe. In Globalization and
the future of German, ed. Andreas Gardt and Bernd Hüppauf, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 47-64.
Phillipson, Robert 2003 English for the globe, or only for globe-trotters? In Die Kosten der
Mehrsprachigkeit. Globalisierung und sprachliche Vielfalt, The cost of multilingualism.
Gobalisation and linguistic diversity, ed. Rudolf de Cillia, Hans-Jürgen Krumm and Ruth
Wodak. Vienna: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 93-100.
Phillipson, Robert 2003. English for or against linguistic diversity, European evidence. In a CD Rom
edited by Stephen May, M. Franken, & Richard Barnard. LED 2003: Refereed Conference
Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Language, Education and Diversity.
Hamilton: Wilf Malcolm Institute of Educational Research, University of Waikato, New
Zealand.
Phillipson, Robert 2003. English for the globe, or only for globe-trotters? The world of the EU. In
The politics of English as a world language. New horizons in postcolonial cultural studies, ed.
Christian Mair. Amsterdam & New York: Rodopi, 19-30.
Phillipson, Robert 2003. Reprint of 1) "Linguistic imperialism re-visited - or re-invented. A
rejoinder to a review essay." International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 9/1, 1998, 135-137;
and "A closing word", 142; 2) "Voice in global English: unheard chords in Crystal loud and
clear", Review article on 'English as a global language' by David Crystal, Applied Linguistics
20/2, 1999, 265-276; 3) Closing word: response to Crystal, The European English Messenger,
VIII/1, 1999, 65-66. In Controversies in applied linguistics, ed. Barbara Seidlhofer, Oxford:
Oxford University Press, 33-75.
Phillipson, Robert 2002. Global English and local language policies. In Andy Kirkpatrick (ed.)
English in Asia: Communication, identity, power and education, Melbourne: Language
Australia, 7-28.
Phillipson, Robert 2002. English for emerging or submerging multiple European identities? In
Language planning and education: Linguistic issues in Northern Ireland, the Republic of
Ireland, and Scotland, ed. John Kirk and Dónall P. Ó Baoill, Belfast: Belfast Studies in
Language, Culture and Politics, Queen’s University Belfast, 267-278.
Phillipson, Robert 2002. Internaciaj lingvoy kaj internaciaj homaj rajtoj. Esperanto-Dokumentoj
37E, Rotterdam: Universal Esperanto-Asocio. Translation into Esperanto of ‘International
languages and international human rights”, originally published in Language: a right and a
resource. Approaching linguistic human rights, ed. Miklós Kontra, Robert Phillipson, Tove
Skutnabb-Kangas & Tibor Várady, Budapest: Central European University Press, 1999, 25-46.
This text has subsequently been translated for the Esperanto Associations of Brazil, Italy and
Mexico into Portuguese, Italian, and Spanish.
Phillipson, Robert and Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove 2002. Englishisation: one dimension of globalisation.
In Gerardo Mazzaferro (ed) The English language and power. Alessandria, Italy: Edizioni
dell’Orso, 149-168. (reprint of Phillipson, Robert & Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove 1999.
Englishisation: one dimension of globalisation. In Graddol, David & Meinhof, Ulrike H. (eds).
English in a changing world. AILA Review 13, 19-36).
Phillipson, Robert 2001. Global English and local language policies: what Denmark needs.
Language Problems and Language Planning, 25/1, 1-24.
Phillipson, Robert 2001. English for globalisation or for the world’s people. International Review of
Education, special issue on Globalization, Language and Education, ed. Birgit Brock-Utne, 47/3-
4, 185-200.
Phillipson, Robert 2001. English, or no to English in Scandinavia? English Today, 17/2, 22-28.

5
Phillipson, Robert & Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove 2001. Linguistic imperialism. In Mesthrie, Rajend (ed.).
Concise Encyclopedia of Sociolinguistics. Oxford: Elsevier Science, 570-574.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove & Phillipson, Robert 2001. Linguicide. In Mesthrie, Rajend (ed). Concise
Encyclopedia of Sociolinguistics. Oxford: Elsevier Science, 567-570.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove & Phillipson, Robert 2001. Discrimination and Minority Languages. In
Mesthrie, Rajend (ed). Concise Encyclopedia of Sociolinguistics. Oxford: Elsevier Science, 545-
550.
Phillipson, Robert & Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove 2000. Drepturi si nedreptati lingvistice. Altera 14, 5-21.
(Translation into Romanian of ‘Linguistic rights and wrongs’. Applied Linguistics 1995, 16(4),
483-504).
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove & Phillipson, Robert, with inserts by Miklós Kontra 2001. Reflections on
scholarship and linguistic rights. A rejoinder to Jan Blommaert. Journal of Sociolinguistics 5:1,
2001, 143-155.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove & Phillipson, Robert 2001. Language ecology. In Handbook of Pragmatics,
eds. Jef Verschueren, Jan-Ola Östman, Jan Blommaert & Chris Bulcaen. Amsterdam &
Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 1-18.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove & Phillipson, Robert 2001. When the world came to Sweden. Special
volume, Current Issues in Language in Society 7: 1. In Boyd, Sally & Huss, Leena (eds.).
Managing Multilingualism in a European Nation-state. Challenges for Sweden. Clevedon, UK:
Multilingual Matters, 70-86.
Phillipson, Robert 2000. English in the new world order: variations on a theme of linguistic
imperialism and ‘world’ English. In Ideology, politics and language policies: Focus on English,
ed. Thomas Ricento, Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 87-106.
Phillipson, Robert 2000. English as an exclusionary language. In The semiotics of racism.
Aproaches in critical discourse analysis, ed. Martin Reisigl & Ruth Wodak. Vienna: Passagen
Verlag, 157-176.
Phillipson, Robert 2000. European language policy: an unmet sociolinguistic challenge.
Sociolinguistica 14, The Future of European Sociolinguistics, 197-204.
Phillipson, Robert 2000. Angelsächsische Sprachförderungspolitik. In Ammon, Ulrich (ed.)
Sprachförderung. Schlüssel auswärtiger Kulturpolitik. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, 121-134.
Phillipson, Robert 2000. Living with vision and commitment. Editor’s Integrative Comment in
Rights to language: equity, power and education, ed. Robert Phillipson, Mahwah, NJ: New
York: Lawrence Erlbaum, 264-278.
Phillipson, Robert 2000. English, or no to English in Scandinavia? In Sprogs status i Danmark år
2001, ed. Anne Holmen & J. Normann Jørgensen. Copenhagen: Danmarks Pædagogiske
Universitet, (Copenhagen Studies in Bilingualism volume 32) 139-152.
Phillipson, Robert 1999. Political science. In Handbook of language and ethnic identity, ed. Joshua
Fishman, New York & Oxford: Oxford University Press, 94-108.
Phillipson, Robert & Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove 1999. Japanese translation of ‘Linguistic rights and
wrongs’. In Research group on linguistic rights (ed.). Kotoba e no Kenri (Rights towards
Languages). Tokyo: Sangensya Publishers, 95-128 (translation from Applied Linguistics 16:4,
1995, 483-504).
Phillipson, Robert & Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove 1999. Englishisation: one dimension of globalisation.
In Graddol, David & Meinhof, Ulrike H. (eds) English in a changing world. AILA Review 13,
19-36.
Phillipson, Robert & Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove 1999. Linguicide. In Spolsky, Bernard (ed). Concise
Encyclopedia of Educational Linguistics. Oxford: Pergamon, for Elsevier Science, 48-49.
Phillipson, Robert & Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove 1999. Minority language rights. In Spolsky, Bernard

6
 (ed). Concise Encyclopedia of Educational Linguistics. Oxford: Pergamon, for Elsevier Science,
51-54.
Phillipson, Robert 1999. International languages and international human rights. In Kontra, Miklós,
Phillipson, Robert, Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove & Várady, Tibor (eds.). Language: A Right and a
Resource. Approaches to Linguistic Human Rights. Budapest: Central European University
Press, 25-46.
Kontra, Miklós, Robert Phillipson, Tove Skutnabb-Kangas and Tibor Varadi 1999. Conceptualising
and implementing linguistic human rights. In Miklós Kontra, Robert Phillipson, Tove Skutnabb-
Kangas and Tibor Várady (eds) 1999. Language, a right and a resource. Approaching linguistic
human rights. Budapest: Central European University Press, 1-21.
Phillipson, Robert 1998. Globalizing English: are linguistic human rights an alternative to linguistic
imperialism? In Benson, Phil, Grundy, Peter & Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (eds). Language rights.
Special volume. Language Sciences 20:1, 101-112.
Phillipson, Robert & Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove 1998. Discrimination and Minority Languages. In
Mey, Jacob L. (ed) Concise Encyclopedia of Pragmatics. Oxford, UK: Pergamon Press, for
Elsevier Science, 263-266.
Phillipson, Robert & Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove 1998. Linguistic human rights and English in Europe.
In Albrechtsen, Dorte, Henriksen, Birgit, Mees, Inger M. & Poulsen, Erik (eds) Perspectives on
Foreign and Second Language Pedagogy. Odense: Odense University Press, 279-299.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove & Phillipson, Robert 1998. Linguicide. In Mey, Jacob L. (ed). Concise
Encyclopedia of Pragmatics. Oxford, UK: Pergamon, for Elsevier Science.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove & Phillipson, Robert 1998. Linguistic Imperialism. In Mey, Jacob L. (ed).
Concise Encyclopedia of Pragmatics. Oxford, UK: Pergamon, for Elsevier Science.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove & Phillipson, Robert 1998. Language in human rights. Gazette. The
International Journal for Communication Studies, Special volume on Human Rights, 60:1,
1998, ed. Cees Hamelink, 27-46.
Phillipson, Robert 1997. Geschichte der britischen Sprachpolitik. In Sporrer, Susanne & Weber,
Mirjam (red.). Sprachenpolitik in Europa - Sprachenpolitik für Europa. Materialen zum
Internationalen Kulturaustausch. Stuttgart: Institut für Auslandsbeziehungen, 46-52.
Phillipson, Robert 1997. Realities and myths of linguistic imperialism. Journal of Multilingual and
Multicultural Development, 18/3, 238-247.
Phillipson, Robert 1997. The politics of English Language Teaching. In Language Policy and
Political Issues in Education, Volume 1 of Encyclopedia of Language and Education, ed. Ruth
Wodak & David Corson. Dordrecht/Boston/London: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 201-210.
Phillipson, Robert & Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove 1997. Nyelvi jogok és jogsértések. Valóság 1, 1997,
12-30 (translation into Hungarian of ‘Linguistic rights and wrongs’. Applied Linguistics 16:4,
1995, 483-504).
Phillipson, Robert and Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove 1997. Linguistic human rights and English in
Europe. World Englishes 16:1, 1997, Special issue, English in Europe, ed. Marc G. Deneire &
Michaël Goethals, 27-43.
Phillipson, Robert and Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove 1997. Lessons for Europe from language policy in
Australia. In Pütz, Martin (ed.). 1997. Language Choices. Conditions, constraints and
consequences. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 115-159.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove & Phillipson, Robert 1997. Linguistic Human Rights and Development. In
Hamelink, C.J. (ed). Ethics and Development. On making moral choices in development co-
operation. Kampen, The Netherlands: Kok, 56-69.
Phillipson, Robert 1996. The UN agenda for development: The role of language. In Vers un agenda
linguistique: regard futuriste sur les nations unies, Towards a language agenda: futurist outlook

7
 on the United Nations, ed. Sylvie Léger, Ottawa: Canadian Centre for Linguistic Rights,
University of Ottawa, 399-422.
Phillipson, Robert 1996. Linguistic imperialism - African perspectives. English Language Teaching
Journal 50/2, 160-167.
Phillipson, Robert 1996. ELT: the native speaker's burden. In Power pedagogy and practice, ed.
Tricia Hedge and Norman Whitney. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 23-30.
Phillipson, Robert and Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove 1996. English only worldwide, or language ecology.
TESOL Quarterly 30:3, Special-Topic Issue: Language Planning and Policy, Thomas Ricento &
Nancy Hornberger (eds), 429-452.
Phillipson, Robert and Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove 1996. Colonial language legacies: the prospects for
Kurdish. In Clark, Donald & Williamson, Robert (eds) Self-Determination: International
Perspectives. London: Macmillan and New York: St.Martin's Press, 200-213.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove & Phillipson, Robert 1996. Minority workers or minority human beings? A
European dilemma. International Review of Education, Special issue, 'The Education of
Minorities', eds. Normand Labrie and Stacy Churchill, 291-307.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove & Phillipson, Robert 1996. Linguicide and Linguicism. Kontaktlinguistik.
Contact Linguistics. Linguistique de contact. Ein Internationales Handbuch zeitgenössiger
Forschung. An International Handbook of Contemporary Research. Manuel international des
recherches contemporaines. Volume 1. Goebl, Hans, Nelde, Peter H., Starý, Zden_k & Wölck,
Wolfgang (eds), Berlin: de Gruyter, 667-675.
Phillipson, Robert and Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove 1995. Linguistic rights and wrongs. Applied
Linguistics 16:4, 483-504.
Phillipson, Robert 1994. English language spread policy. International Journal of the Sociology of
Language, 107, 7-24.
Phillipson, Robert, Rannut, Mart & Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove 1994. Introduction. In Skutnabb-
Kangas, Tove & Phillipson, Robert (eds) Linguistic Human Rights. Overcoming Linguistic
Discrimination. Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 1-22.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove & Phillipson, Robert 1994. Linguistic human rights, past and present. In
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove & Phillipson, Robert (eds). Linguistic Human Rights. Overcoming
Linguistic Discrimination. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 71-110.
Phillipson, Robert & Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove 1994. Language rights in postcolonial Africa. In
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove & Phillipson, Robert (eds.), Linguistic Human Rights. Overcoming
Linguistic Discrimination. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 335-345.
Phillipson, Robert & Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove 1994. Discrimination and Minority Languages. In The
Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics, Pergamon & Aberdeen University Press, 993-995.
Phillipson, Robert & Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove 1994. Linguistic Genocide. In Valodas politika
Baltijas Valstīs/Language Policy in the Baltic States. Rīga: Krājumu sagatavojis. Latvijas
Republikas Valsts valodas centrs, 140-150.
Filipsons, Robert & Skutnaba-Kangasa, Tuve 1994. Lingvistiskais genocīds. In Valodas politika
Baltijas Valstīs/Language Policy in the Baltic States. Rīga: Krājumu sagatavojis. Latvijas
Republikas Valsts valodas centrs, 23-32.
Phillipson, Robert & Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove 1994. English, panacea or pandemic. Sociolinguistica
8. English only? in Europa/in Europe/en Europe, 73-87.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove & Phillipson, Robert 1994. Linguicide. In The Encyclopedia of Language
and Linguistics, Pergamon & Aberdeen University Press, 2211-2212.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove & Phillipson, Robert 1994. Linguistic imperialism. In The Encyclopedia of
Language and Linguistics, Pergamon & Aberdeen University Press, 2223-2226.
Phillipson, Robert 1993. Human rights and foreign languages. In National foreign language

8
 planning: practices and problems, ed. K.Sajavaara, S.Takala, R.D.Lambert & C.Morfit,
Jyväskylä: Institute for Education Research, University of Jyväskylä.
Phillipson, Robert 1993. Language and identity, national and transnational.In Watching Europe: A
Media and Cultural Studies Reader, ed. Ute Bechdorf et al, Tübingen: Tübinger Vereinigung für
Volkskunde e.v., and Amsterdam Cultural Studies Foundation, 185-196 (Annual Publication of
the European Network for Media and Cultural Studies, volume 2 & 3); also available on the
electronic network XS2CS@ACSi.nl (Access to Cultural Studies, University of Amsterdam).
Holmen, Anne, Robert Phillipson & Tove Skutnabb-Kangas 1993. Forord, in Minoriteter og
uddannelse. Københavnerstudier i tosprogethed 18. Copenhagen: Danmarks Lærerhøjskole,
Center for multikulturelle studier, 3-6.
Phillipson, Robert & Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove 1993. Sproglige menneskerettigheder, in Holmen,
Anne, Robert Phillipson & Tove Skutnabb-Kangas (eds), Minoriteter og uddannelse.
Københavnerstudier i tosprogethed 18. Copenhagen: Danmarks Lærerhøjskole, Center for
multikulturelle studier, 8-19.
Phillipson, Robert 1992. ELT: the native speaker's burden? ELT Journal 46:1, 12-18.
Phillipson, Robert & Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove 1992. Linguizismus: Kontrolle durch Sprache. In
Rassismus und Migration in Europa, ed. A.Kalpaka & N.Räthzel, Das Argument - Sonderband
AS 201, 204-215.
Phillipson, Robert 1992. Linguicismus - strukturer und ideologier des linguistischen imperialismus.
Deutsch lernen 1/92, 21-37.
Phillipson, Robert 1991. Some items on the hidden agenda of second/foreign language acquisition.
In Foreign/second language pedagogy research: a commemorative volume for Claus Færch, ed.
Phillipson et al, 38-51.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove & Phillipson, Robert 1990. Linguicism: A Tool for Analyzing Linguistic
Inequality and Promoting Linguistic Human Rights. International Journal of Group Tensions
20:2, 109-122.
Phillipson, Robert 1989. Fra fonologi til fonetiske tommelfingerregler. In Bogen om
fremmedsprogspædagogik, ed. Gabriele Kasper & Johannes Wagner, København: Gyldendal,
201-212.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove & Phillipson, Robert 1989. ‘Mother tongue’: the theoretical and
sociopolitical construction of a concept. In Status and function of languages and language
varieties, Ulrich Ammon (ed), Berlin: de Gruyter, 450-477.
Phillipson, Robert 1988. Linguicism: structures and ideologies in linguistic imperialism. In
Minority education: from shame to struggle, ed. Tove Skutnabb-Kangas & Jim Cummins,
Clevedon: Multilingual Matters, 339-358.
Phillipson, Robert & Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove 1985. Can increased metacommunicative awareness
solve inter- cultural communication difficulties? In Methods in Contact Linguistic Research, ed.
Peter H Nelde, Bonn: Dümmler, 299-308.
Phillipson, Robert and Tove Skutnabb-Kangas 1985. Applied linguists as agents of wider
colonisation: the gospel of International English. Osnabrücker Beiträge zur Sprachtheorie 31
(Sprachenkonkurrenz und gesellschaftliche Planung: das Erbe des Kolonialismus, ed. Jochen
Pleines), 159-179.
Phillipson, Robert & Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove & Africa, Hugh 1985. Namibian educational
language planning: English for liberation or neocolonialism? In Linguistic liberation and unity
of Africa, Kampala: Organisation for African Unity, Inter-African Bureau of Languages, 42-59.
Phillipson, Robert, & Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove & Africa, Hugh 1985. La planification linguistique
de l'enseignement en Namibie: l'anglais pour la liberation ou le neo-colonialisme?. dans
Libération et unité linguistiques de l'Afrique, Kampala: l'Organisation de l'Unite Africaine,

9
 Bureau Linguistique Inter-Africain, 45-64.
Phillipson, Robert, Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove & Africa, Hugh 1985. Namibian educational language
planning: English for liberation or neocolonialism? In Language and education in multilingual
settings, ed. B. Spolsky, Clevedon: Multilingual Matters, 77-95.
Phillipson, Robert and Kirsten Haastrup 1983. Achievement strategies in learner/native speaker
interaction. In Strategies in Interlanguage Communication, ed. Claus Færch & Gabriele Kasper,
Harlow: Longman, 140-158.
Phillipson, Robert 1982. Danish-English phonology: a study of obstruent learning, Scandinavian
Working Papers on Bilingualism 1, 73-88.

PUBLICATIONS IN PRESS AND FORTHCOMING

Robert Phillipson in press. The empire of scientific English. Robert Phillipson responds to
Humphrey Tonkin ‘Language and the ingenuity gap in science’. Critical Inquiry in Language
Studies, 2010.
Phillipson, Robert in press. The EU and languages: diversity in what unity? In Language, rights,
and European democracy, Papers from the international conference, University of Copenhagen,
3-4 June 2009, edited by Anne Lise Kjær. Ashgate.
Phillipson, Robert in press. English: from British empire to corporate empire. Sociolinguistic
Studies.
Robert Phillipson forthcoming. A response to the article ‘English as an international language:
Challenges and possibilities’, by Michael Clyne and Farzad Sharifian. Australian Review of
Applied Linguistics, International Forum on English as an International Language, edited by
Farzad Sharifian and Michael Clyne, 31/3, 29.1-29.9.
Phillipson, Robert in press. Some partner languages are more equal than others. Paper Presented at
the Bamako International Forum on Multilingualism, organized by the African Academy of
Languages (www.acalan.org), Bamako, Mali, 19-21 January 2009, to be published in the
Conference Proceedings.
Robert Phillipson, in press. Foreword to The hegemony of English by Donaldo Macedo, Bessie
Dendrinos and Panayota Gounari, (Second edition), Boulder, CO: Paradigm Publishers. Also to
appear in translation into Greek.
Tove Skutnabb-Kangas and Robert Phillipson. The politics of language in globalisation:
maintenance, marginalisation, or murder. In Handbook of Language and Globalisation, ed.
Nikolas Coupland. Oxford: Blackwell.

WORKING PAPERS, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS ETC

Robert Phillipson, 2006. L’expansion de l’anglais menace-t-elle la diversité linguistique?

Dans : Langue française et diversité linguistique», Actes du séminaire international – Bruxelles,
Belgique, 30 novembre et 1er décembre 2005, Conseil de la langue française et Service de la
langue française de la Communauté française de Belgique (Eds). Bruxelles : Boeck, collection
« Champs linguistiques », 31-40.
Phillipson, Robert 2005. New contexts of English use in globalization – new learning norms?. In
Culture, context, and communication in English Language Teaching, ed. Zafar Syed. Military

10
 Language Institute, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, 3-34.
Phillipson, Robert 2004. English as a threat or resource in continental Europe. In Copenhagen
Working Papers in LSP 3/2004, ed. Heribert Picht, 63-79.
Phillipson, Robert 2004. Hegemonic English as the language of Europeanisation: Old colonial wine
in vintage nation-state bottles? In Multiple languages, literacies and technologies. Mapping out
concepts, analysing practices and defining positions, ed. Patrick Dias, New Delhi: Books for
Change, and Frankfurt am Main: Multilingualism network, 226-240. (Also to appear in a
publication in Yemen, ed. Murari Prasad.)
Phillipson, Robert 2004. If language policy issues are explosive, how should they best be handled?
Lecture at II Mercator Symposium: Europa 2004: A new framework for ALL languages?
Tarragona, 27-28 February 2004, posted on the website www.ciemen.org.
Phillipson, Robert 2003. English in Europe: a catalyst for multilingualism or monoculturalism and
monolingualism?. Lecture at Glendon College, University of York, Toronto, 15 October 2003.
Phillipson, Robert 2003. English for whose purposes in the new world order: going beyond national
and corporate linguistic imperialism. In Wessen Sprache – lernen. Beiträge zu Autonomie und
Sprachpolitik, ed. Thomas Fritz. Wien: Edition Volkshochschule, 173-187.
Phillipson, Robert 2003. The globalization of English. In Asia Munhwa (Asian Culture), vol. 17
(August 2001), thematic number on Globalization and Linguistic Imperialism in Asia, ed. Kim
Yung-Myung, 311-330. Also in translation into Korean, 331-344.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove & Phillipson, Robert 2003. Can languages other than English benefit from
globalisation and Europeanisation? Language policy and language rights challenges. In
Vielberth, Johann & Drexel, Guideo (eds). Linguistic Cultural Identity and International
Communication. Maintaining Language Diversity in the Face of Globalization. Saarbrücken:
AQ-Verlag, 79-92. [www.AQ-Verlag.de]
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove & Phillipson, Robert 1999. Linguistic Diversity, Linguistic Human Rights,
and Ethnolinguistic Conflict? In Marketing linguistic human rights. A Workshop held at the
Human Sciences Research Council on 4 November 1997. Language Planning Report No. 5.7, July
1999. Pretoria: Department of Arts, Culture, Science and TechnologyNational Language Service,
language Planning Section, Pretoria, South Africa. TSK's & RP's paper, pp. 7-32; Question &
Answer Session, pp. 33-56; Bibliography & Annexures, pp. 83-91.
Phillipson, Robert 1999. The globalization of dominant languages. In Globalization - on whose
terms, ed. Birgit Brock-Utne & Gunnar Garbo, Oslo: Institute for Educational Research
(Education in Africa, vol. 8), 199-216.
Phillipson, Robert 1999. The promise and threat of English as a ‘European’ language. In "Strong"
and "weak" languages in the European Union: Aspects of linguistic hegemonism. Papers from a
conference in Thessaloniki, 26-28 March 1997, ed. A.-F.Christides, volume 1, 297-303, also in
Greek translation, 304-311.
Phillipson, Robert and Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove 1996. Facteurs sociopolitiques et langues de la
communication scientifique. In Actes du colloque Le français et les langues scientifiques de
demain, Montréal, 19-21 mars 1996. Available at http://www.acfas.ca
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove & Phillipson, Robert 1996. The possible role of donors in a language
policy for all. In Brock-Utne, Birgit & Nagel, Tove (eds) The role of aid in the development of
Education for All. Report no 8. Oslo: University of Oslo, Institute for Educational Research,
161-201.
Phillipson, Robert & Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove 1995. Papers in European language policy. Roskilde:
University of Roskilde ROLIG-papir 53, 1995.
- Lessons for Europe from language policy in Australia, 3-37 (with Tove Skutnabb-Kangas),
- English only worldwide, or language ecology, 38-54 (with Tove Skutnabb-Kangas),

11
 - Minority workers or minority human beings? A European dilemma", (with Tove Skutnabb-
Kangas),
- Linguicide and linguicism, 83-91 (with Tove Skutnabb-Kangas)
- A historical outline of British policy for the spread of English, 92-98,
- Is India throwing away its language resources?, 99-102 (with Tove Skutnabb-Kangas)
- Review of Normand Labrie 'La construction linguistique de la Communauté européenne',
103-106,
- Forslag til nyt satsningsområde, Statens Humanistiske Forskningsråds ny strategiplan,
Sprogpolitik, 112-115.
Bakmand, Bente, Phillipson, Robert & Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (eds) 1994. Papers from the Round
Table on Language Policy in Europe, 22 April 1994. Roskilde: Roskilde Universtetscenter,
ROLIG-papir 52, 1994.).
Introduction, with Bente Bakmand and Tove Skutnabb-Kangas, 2-3.
The spread of dominant languages (English, French and German) in multilingual Europe, 18-22.
Danish scholars and languages of scientific communication, with Tove Skutnabb-Kangas, 33-
42.
Phillipson, Robert 1993. On being linguistically aware: brief notes, in Sproglig mangfoldighed - om
sproglig viden og bevidsthed, ed. Karen Risager, Anne Holmen & Anne Trosborg Copenhagen:
Danish Applied Linguistics Association, 17-21.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove & Phillipson, Robert 1991. Linguicism: a tool for analysing linguistic
inequality and promoting linguistic human rights. North Atlantic Studies 1:2, Greenland.
Nationalism and Cultural Identity in Comparative Perspective, Aarhus, 57-63.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove & Phillipson, Robert 1991. Linguicism. In Humanistisk Årbog, 4,
Roskilde: Roskilde Universitetscenter, 259-276.
Haberland, Hartmut, Carol Henriksen, Robert Phillipson and Tove Skutnabb-Kangas 1991. ’Tak for
mad! Om sprogæderi med dansk som livret’. In Det danske sprogs status år 2001, er dansk et
truet sprog? ed. J.Normann Jørgensen, Copenhagen: Danmarks Lærerhøjskole, 111-138.
Reprinted in Årsberetning 1992 (Annual Report 1992), Department of Languages and Culture,
University of Roskilde, 3-27.
Phillipson, Robert & Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove 1990. Language Rights as Human Rights;
Perspectives from Sociology and Education. In Droits Linguistiques/Droits de l'Homme;
Language Rights/Human Rights; Sprachenrechte/Menschenrechte, Colloque International,
Conseil de l'Europe, Strasbourg, 15-17 November 1990, 1-21.
Phillipson, Robert & Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove 1989. Wanted! Linguistic human rights. Roskilde:
Roskilde Universitetscenter, ROLIG-papir 44. On microfiche from ERIC Clearinghouse on
Languages and Linguistics, Center for Applied Linguistics, Washington, D.C.
Phillipson, Robert & Karen Sonne Jakobsen (eds) 1988. Student foreign language projects at RUC,
Roskilde: Roskilde Universitetscenter, ROLIG-papir 42, 1988.
Introduction to student foreign language projects at RUC, 1-15.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove & Phillipson, Robert 1987. Interculturalism, or from racism to ethnicism
and linguicism. In Intercultural education, Olga Murdzeva- Skaric (ed), Ohrid: OMEP
(Organisation Mondiale pour l'Education Prescolaire), 127-150.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove & Phillipson, Robert 1987. Cultilinguistic imperialism - what can
Scandinavia learn from the Second and Third Worlds. In Aspects of Multilingualism,
Proceedings from the Fourth Nordic Symposium on Bilingualism (1984), Erling Wande, Jan
Anward, Bengt Nordberg, Lars Steensland & Mats Thelander (eds), Uppsala: Acta Universitatis
Upsaliensis, Studia Multietnica Upsaliensia 2, 167-190.
Phillipson, Robert & Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove 1986. Linguicism rules in education, with Tove

12
 Skutnabb-Kangas. Roskilde: Roskilde University Centre, Institute VI, 1986 (3 volumes, 687
pp).
Namibian educational language planning: English for liberation or neocolonialism? with Tove
Skutnabb-Kangas and High Africa (article reprint).
Cultilinguistic imperialism - what can Scandinavia learn from the Second and Third Worlds?
with Tove Skutnabb-Kangas (article reprint).
Applied linguists as agents of wider colonisation - the Gospel of International English, with
Tove Skutnabb-Kangas, 103-123.
English rules: a study of language pedagogy and imperialism, 124-343.
English: the language of wider colonisation, with Tove Skutnabb-Kangas, 344-377.
The legitimacy of the arguments for the spread of English, with Tove Skutnabb-Kangas,
378-415.
Denial of linguistic rights: the new mental slavery, with Tove Skutnabb-Kangas, 416-465.
Phillipson, Robert & Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove 1983. Cultilingualism - papers in cultural and
communicative (in)-competence. Roskilde: Roskilde Universitetscenter, ROLIG-papir 28, 1983.
Good learning strategies in foreign and second language learning - the case of English in
Denmark, 1-16.
Intercommunicative and intercultural competence, with Tove Skutnabb-Kangas, 43-77.
Phillipson, Robert & Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove 1985. Educational strategies in multilingual contexts,
with Tove Skutnabb-Kangas. Roskilde: Roskilde Universitetscenter, ROLIG-papir 35, 1985.
Available on microfiche, ED 345566 from CAL/ERIC.
Namibian educational language planning: English for liberation or neocolonialism? with Tove
Skutnabb-Kangas & Hugh Africa, 4-26.
Cultilinguistic imperialism - what can Scandinavia learn from the Second and Third Worlds?
with Tove Skutnabb-Kangas, 27-55.
Can increased metacommunicative awareness solve inter-cultural communication difficulties?
with Tove Skutnabb-Kangas, 56-64).
How to analyse communicative competence in the integration process, with Tove
Skutnabb-Kangas, 65-78.
Phillipson, Robert 1980. Can a foreign language, even Danish, be learnt? in Hverdagsskrift,
Roskilde: Roskilde Universitetscenter, ROLIG-papir 20, 39-50.
Phillipson, Robert 1980, Analysis of the PIF spoken corpus, Copenhagen: University of
Copenhagen Department of English, PIF Working Paper 6.
Phillipson, Robert 1979. Tolerance tests - measuring the linguistic and communicative content of
samples of learners' language. Helm von Faber, Hubert Eichheim & Thelma Howell (eds),
Munich: Goethe Institut/British Council Werkstattgespräche, 117-129.
Phillipson, Robert 1978. Project-oriented studies, in Fremmedsprogsundervisning på RUC, ed.
Karen Risager. Roskilde: Roskilde Universitetscenter, ROLIG-papir 15, 1-10.
Phillipson, Robert 1978. Prosody errors in English spoken by Danes. In Nordic Prosody, ed. Eva
Gårding, Gösta Bruce & Robert Bannert, Lund: University of Lund Department of Linguistics,
271-278.
Phillipson, Robert, 1977. Diagnostic testing of spoken English. In Papers on English Language
Testing in Scandinavia, ed. Arne Zettersten, Copenhagen: University of Copenhagen
Department of English, Anglica et Americana 1, 67-78.
Phillipson, Robert 1977. English as spoken by Danes. SELF, Meddelelsesblad for Seminariernes
Engelsklærerforening, februar, 4-21.
Phillipson, Robert 1977. Dansk talt engelsk, in Kontrastiv lingvistik i Danmark, Copenhagen:
Statens Humanistiske Forskningsråd, 57-67.

13
 BOOK REVIEWS

Phillipson, Robert 2009. Review of (Re-)Locating TESOL in an age of empire, (ed.) Julian Edge.
TESOL Quarterly, 43/1, 163-166.
Phillipson, Robert 2009. Review of Cultures, Contexts, and World Englishes by Yamuna Kachru
and Larry E. Smith. World Englishes, 38/1, 136-138.
Phillipson, Robert 2009. Review of (Re-)Locating TESOL in an age of empire, (ed.) Julian Edge,
Language in education, 23/2, 191-194.
Phillipson, Robert 2008. Review of Interpreting studies and beyond. A tribute to Miriam
Shlesinger, ed. Franz Pöchhacker, Arnt Lykke Jakobsen and Inger M. Mees. Language in
Society, 37/5, 766-767.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove and Robert Phillipson 2008. Review of Kaplan, Robert B. and Baldauf Jr.,
Richard B. (eds). Language Planning and Policy in Europe, Vol. 1. Hungary, Finland and
Sweden. Language Policy 7, 175-177.
Phillipson, Robert 2007. Review of Vartiainen 2004. ‘The legitimacy of evaluation. A comparison
of Finnish and English institutional evaluations of higher education’. Language and Education,
21/4: 360-361.
Phillipson, Robert 2007. Review of Angel M.Y. Lin and Peter W. Martin (eds.) 2005
‘Decolonisation, globalisation: Language-in-education policy and practice’. Studies in Second
Language Acquisition, 29:1, 139-141.
Phillipson, Robert 2006. Review of Michael Cronin, ‘Translation and globalization’, Language
policy, 5: 227-232.
Phillipson, Robert 2005. Review of Dendrinos and Mitsikopoulou (eds.) 2004 ‘Policies of linguistic
pluralism and the teaching of languages in Europe’, and Grenfell, Kelly and Jones 2003 ‘The
European language teacher. Recent trends and future developments in teacher education’.
Review of Education (UNESCO, Hamburg), 51: 551-554.
Phillipson, Robert 2005. Review of ‘Multilingualism in the English-speaking world. Pedigree of
nations’, by Viv Edwards. World Englishes, 24/3, 395-397.
Phillipson, Robert 2004. ‘Response’ to a Comment by Janina Brutt-Griffler. World Englishes 23/2,
333-4.
Phillipson, Robert 2004. Review article, English in globalization: three approaches (books by de
Swaan, Block and Cameron, and Brutt-Griffler). Journal of Language, Identity, and Education,
Vol. 3/1, 73-84.
Phillipson, Robert 2003. Point-Counterpoint. “World English” or “World Englishes”? On negating
polyphony and multicanonicity of Englishes. Perspective 2 (Review of Brutt-Griffler: World
English: A study of its development), World Englishes 22/3, 324-326.
Phillipson, Robert 2002. Book review of ‘The dominance of English as a language of science.
Effects on other languages and language communities’, Ulrich Ammon (ed.) 2001. Journal of
Language, Identity, and Education, Vol. 1, no. 2, 163-169.
Phillipson, Robert 2002. Book review of ‘The writings of Harold E. Palmer: An Overview, by
Richard Smith. English Language Teaching Journal, vol. 56/1, 89-91.
Phillipson, Robert 2001. Book review of ‘Adult ESOL learners in Britain’, A.L.Khanna, Mahendra
K. Verma, R.K. Agnihotri & S.K. Sinha, 1998, Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural
Development, 22/5, 454-456.
Phillipson, Robert 1999. Voice in global English: unheard chords in Crystal loud and clear. Review
article on 'English as a global language' by David Crystal. Applied Linguistics 20:2, 288-299.

14
Phillipson, Robert 1999. Voices in the portrayal of contemporary English. Review article (on
Crystal 1997, Fishman et al 1996, Graddol 1997) in Language and development in Africa,
volume 25/1 of Social Dynamics, The Journal of the Centre for African Studies, University of
Cape Town, edited by Neville Alexander, 179-190.
Phillipson, Robert 1999. Review of 'Die Amtssprachen in den Organen der Europäischen
Gemeinschaft', by Michael Schlossmacher, Sociolinguistica 12, 38-41.
Phillipson, Robert 1999. Review of 'Post-imperial English: Status change in former British and
American colonies, 1940-1990', ed. Joshua Fishman, Andrew W. Conrad & Alma Rubal-Lopez,
Mouton de Gruyter. Language, Journal of the Linguistic Society of America, 75/2, 375-378.
Phillipson, Robert 1999. A rejoinder to David Crystal's ‘On trying to be Crystal-clear: A response to
Phillipson’. The European English Messenger, VIII/1, 65-66.
Phillipson, Robert 1999. Linguistic imperialism re-visited - or re-invented. A rejoinder to a review
essay. International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 9/1, 135-137; and "A closing word", 142.
Phillipson, Robert 1998. Review of 'English as a global language' by David Crystal. The European
English Messenger. Newsletter of the European Society for the Study of English VII:1, 53-56.
Phillipson, Robert 1998. Review of 'Linguistic culture and language policy', by Harold Schiffman,
World Englishes 17/3, 427-429.
Phillipson, Robert 1997. Review of Claude Piron 'Le défi des langues: du gâchis au bon sens' (The
languages challenge: from waste to common sense). Language in Society, 26:1, 143-147.
Phillipson, Robert 1997. Review of Normand Labrie ‘La construction linguistique de la
Communauté européenne’. International Journal of the Sociology of Language 127, 208-214.
Phillipson, Robert 1997. Construcción lingüística de la Comunidad Europea: reseña de Labrie 'La
construction linguistique de la Communauté européenne', Alteridades (Department of
Anthropology, Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana, Mexico City) 10, 137-138
Phillipson, Robert 1995. Review of Probal Dasgupta 'The otherness of English: India's auntie
tongue syndrome' (Sage 1993), Applied Linguistics, 16/2, 257-259.
Phillipson, Robert 1995. Response to John Honey's review of Linguistic Imperialism., RASK 3, 137-
140.
Phillipson, Robert and Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove 1995. Review of Michael Clyne: Community
Languages. The Australian Experience. World Englishes 14:3, November 1995, 409-413.
Phillipson, Robert 1993. Reply to five book reviews, Symposium on Linguistic Imperialism, World
Englishes 12:3, 365-373.
Phillipson, Robert 1992. Review of Casmir M.Rubagumya (ed.) 'Language in education in Africa: a
Tanzanian perspective'. Applied Linguistics, 13/4, 432-434.
Phillipson, Robert 1990. Glottopolitics and linguistic warfare. Review article on Louis-Jean Calvet
‘La guerre des langues et les politiques linguistiques’ and Ronald Wardhaugh ‘Languages in
competition: Dominance, diversity and decline’. World Englishes, 9/1, 85-94.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove, Peura, Markku & Phillipson, Robert 1987. Review of Chris Mullard:
Race, power and resistance. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 8:3, 307-
309.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove, Peura, Markku & Phillipson, Robert 1986. Ras, makt och motstånd,
recension av Chris Mullard: Race, power and resistance. Invandrare och minoriteter, 6, 34-35.
Phillipson, Robert 1986. Review of Gabriele Kasper, ’Pragmatische Aspekte in der Interimsprache:
Eine Untersuchung des Englischen fortgeschrittener deutscher Lerner’, Journal of Pragmatics,
10/1, 149-152.

POPULARISATION

15
Alain Ah-Vee, Lindsey Collen, Robert Phillipson and Tove Skutnabb-Kangas 2009. Mauritius calls
for Kreol. Guardian Weekly 9 December 2009.
http://www.guardianweekly.co.uk/?page=editorial&id=1381&catID=18
Tove Skutnabb-Kangas and Phillipson, Robert 2009. Nu er det nok! Danmark er sunket til barbari.
Kronik, Politiken, , 31 January 2009.
Robert Phillipson 2009. ‘Er dansk reelt et truet sprog? Kronik, Information, 22 January 2009.
Hansen, Lisbeth Verstraete og Robert Phillipson (red.) 2008. Fremmedsprog til fremtiden.
Sprogpolitiske udfordringer for Danmark. Copenhagen: Institut for Internationale Sprogstudier
og Vidensteknologi.
Phillipson, Robert 2006. Engelsk som verdenssprog. Interview with Rasmus Kjærgaard Rasmussen.
KOM Magasinet 16, 24-27.
Phillipson, Robert 2006. Europe du tout-anglais: À qui la faute? Communication équitable.
Entretien avec Robert Phillipson, propos receuillis par Etsuo Myoshi, président de la societé
Swany au Japon. Full-page advertisement in Le Figaro, 12 May 2006.
Sohail Karmani and Robert Phillipson 2006. Correspondence, a rejoinder to H G Widdowson. ELT
Journal, 60/1, January 2006, 99-100.
Phillipson, Robert 2006. English: A lingua franca or an Anglo-American Frankenstein? Transcript
of a talk at the Think Tank on First Nation Immersion Education for Critically Endangered
Languages, St. Thomas University, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada, 3-6 October 2005.
Accessible on <educatorsforimmersion.org>.
Phillipson, Robert 2005. Linguistic imperialism 10 years on. Sohail Karmani interviews Robert
Phillipson. ELT Journal, 59/3, 244-249.
Phillipson, Robert 2005. If language policy issues are explosive, how should they best be handled?.
Paper at the Conference on United Europe and its languages, College of Europe, Warsaw, 8
May 2005, www.chair.coleurop.pl/conferences/konf/languages/phillipson.ppt.
Phillipson, Robert 2005. More attention to detail? Reader’s letter in English Today, 83, 21/3, 63-64.
Phillipson, Robert 2005. Two official languages, one nation: Languages for official, national and
international communication. Paper at the Kurdish, Turkish and International PEN Seminar on
Cultural Diversity, Diyarbakir/Amed, 20-25 March 2005, on the website www.pen-kurd.org.
Phillipson, Robert 2005. L'inglese: minaccia o risorsa per il continente europeo? www.disvastigo.it,
Translation into Italian by Georgio Bronzetti of L’anglais : menace ou chance pour le continent
européen ?’
Phillipson, Robert 2005. La angla por transformi la studentaran tutan mondan. L’anglais pour
transformer l’univers des étudiants. Une clarification du rapport de la conference anglo-
américaine de 1961. La Sago, February 2005, 3-5.
Phillipson, Robert 2004. L’anglais : menace ou chance pour le continent européen ? L’avenir s’écrit
aussi en français, ed. Marc Favre d’Echallens. Panoramiques, 69, 86-96.
Phillipson, Robert 2004. Precisa-se de lingüistas nationalmente responsáveis. Translation into
Portuguese of ‘National languages v. English: a false dichotomy?’ In A lingüística que nos faz
falhar: investigação crítica, ed Fábio Lopes de Silva and Kanavillil Rajagopalan, São Paolo:
Parábola Editorial, 141-144.
Phillipson, Robert 2003. English in balance with other languages”. The Guardian Weekly, Learning
English Supplement, 11 November 2003.
Phillipson, Robert 2003. Behovet for en mere aktiv sprogpolitik. Sprog og Samfund 21/2, 9-10.
Phillipson, Robert 2003. Global English, local challenges. In Fokus på engelsk – en debathæfte om
kernefaglighed 2003, Engelsklærerforeningen for Gymnasiet & HF), 36-46.
Phillipson, Robert 2003. Union in need of language equality. The Guardian Weekly, Learning

16
 English supplement, January 30 – February 5 2003, 3.
Phillipson, Robert 2002. English for the globe, or only for globe-trotters? The world of the EU.
AngloFiles, Journal of the Danish Association of Teachers of English, 123, 48-56.
Phillipson, Robert 2002. Big neighbours, big languages, big brother? Beiträge zur Tagung
‚Deutschland-Dänemark: eine europäische Nachbarschaft. Eine sprachpolitische Perspektive’,
Goethe-Institut, Copenhagen, 14 September 2001 (14 pp, volume unnumbered).
Phillipson, Robert 2001. Principles for a supranational EU language policy. In L’Europe parlera-t-
elle l’anglais demain?, Actes du colloque international de Bordeaux organisé par le Goethe
Institut et l’INTIF (3 mars 2001), ed. Robert Chaudenson, Paris: Institut de la Francophonie,
l’Harmattan, 103-118.
Phillipson, Robert 2001. Principes pour une politique linguistique supranationale européenne. In
L’Europe parlera-t-elle l’anglais demain? Actes du colloque international de Bordeaux organisé
par le Goethe Institut et l’INTIF (3 mars 2001), ed. Robert Chaudenson, Paris: Institut de la
Francophonie, l’Harmattan, 119-133.
Phillipson, Robert 2001. English is taking over in Europe. The Guardian, 18 April 2001, 18.
Phillipson, Robert 2001. English, yes, but equality first. Learning English supplement. The
Guardian Weekly, April 19-25, 2000, 1.
Phillipson, Robert 2001. English and the world’s languages. Humanising Language Teaching,
November 2001, http://www.hltmag.co.uk/nov01/sart1.htm, originally a paper at the
WorldSpeak conference, Royal Society of Arts, London, 23 March 2001.
Phillipson, Robert 2001 “Dragons, language fascists and like myths” IATEFL Issues, Number 160,
2.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove & Phillipson, Robert 2001. Language ecology. Dominance, minorisation,
linguistic genocide and linguistic rights. In Østergaard, Marianne (ed.). Images of the World.
Globalisation and Cultural Diversity. Copenhagen: Center for kultursamarbejde med
udviklingslandene, 32-47 & 206-208.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove & Phillipson, Robert 2001. Sprogøkologi. Dominans, minorisering, sprogligt
folkedrab og sprogrettigheder. (translation of 'Language ecology. Dominance, Minorisation,
Linguistic Genocide and Linguistic Rights'). In Østergaard, Marianne (ed.). Images of the World.
Globalisering og kulturel mangfoldighed. Copenhagen: The Danish Center for Culture and
Development. 32-47 & 206-208.
Phillipson, Robert 2000. En sprogpolitik for Danmark. In Sprogs status i Danmark år 2001, ed.
Anne Holmen & J. Normann Jørgensen. Copenhagen: Danmarks Pædagogiske Universitet,
(Copenhagen Studies in Bilingualism volume 32) 153-161. Reprint of a feature article in the
newspaper Politiken, 6 October 2000.
Phillipson, Robert 2000. English linguistic imperialism, past and present (in Japanese). In Miura
Nobutaka & Kasuya Keisuke (eds.) Les impérialismes linguistiques/ Linguistic imperialism,.
Tokyo: Fujiwara-Schoten, 95-110.
Phillipson, Robert 1999. Engelsk i globaliseringens tidsalder. Sprogforum, 13, 45-51.
Phillipson, Robert 1999. Polyglossic, polycentric reality. English Today 15/3, 59, 64.
Phillipson, Robert 1999. Simply incorrect? Reader's letter. English Today 15/3, 59, 62-64
Phillipson, Robert & Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove 1999. Mother tongue or other tongue? European
Cultural Foundation Newsletter. Special Theme: Cultural Rights, XXII:2, 10-12.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove & Phillipson, Robert 1999. Linguistic Genocide and Human Rights - Kurdish
Considerations. In Sundqvist, Petra (ed). The Kurds. Perspectives on a Unique Culture. Helsinki:
Suomen Rauhanliitto YK-Yhdistys, 25-48.
Phillipson, Robert 1998. Language policies: towards a multidisciplinary approach. In Al lingva
demokratio; Towards linguistic democracy; Vers la démocratie linguistique. Proceedings of the

17
 Nitobe Symposium of International Organizations, Prague, 20-23 July 1996, ed. Mark Fettes &
Suzanne Bolduc, Rotterdam: Universala Esperanto-Asocio, 95-97.
Phillipson, Robert 1996. On English in Europe. English Today, 48, (12/4), 58-59.
Phillipson, Robert 1996. Spørgsmål om sprogpolitik. Sprogforum, special number on ’Sprog -
kvalitet & kompetence’, 10-12.
Phillipson, Robert and Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove 1996. Is India throwing away its language
resources? English Today 12:1, 23-27.
Phillipson, Robert and Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove 1995. English, panacea or pandemic. Anglo files,
Journal of the Danish Association of Teachers of English, 91, 46-51.
Phillipson, Robert and Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove 1995. Is India throwing away its language
resources? Anglofiles. The Journal of The Danish Association of Teachers of English. Tema:
India Today, nr. 94, Dec. 1995, 37-41.
Phillipson, Robert 1994. Dansk tornerosesøvn. Den sprogpolitiske kronik, Sprogforum, 1, 4-6.
Phillipson, Robert 1992. Linguistic imperialism. In Dunford House Seminar Report 1991: the social
and economic impact of ELT in development. Manchester: The British Council, 27-28.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove & Phillipson, Robert 1990. Kurdisch - eine verbotene Sprache. Wie die
Kurden in der Türkei sprachlicher Menschenrechte beraubt werden. Informationsbulletin
Kurdistan 30-31, 3-8.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove & Phillipson, Robert 1990. Vers une declaration universelle des droits
humains linguistiques, "Langues et droits de l'homme". Les Langues Modernes 2, 27-36.
Phillipson, Robert & Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove 1990. Keeleliste inimoiguste ulddeklaratsiooni poole.
Keel ja Kirjandus 2, Eesti Teaduste Akadeemia ja Eesti Kirjanike Liidu Ajakiri XXXIII, 79-83.
Phillipson, Robert 1990. English at RUC. Engelsk Meddelelser, 63, 12-14.
Phillipson, Robert 1989. English rules OK? Rakesh Bhanot interviews Tove Skutnabb-Kangas and
Robert Phillipson. Language Issues, 3/1, 2-5.
Phillipson, Robert 1989. Towards a Universal Declaration of Linguistic Human Rights.
Sproglæreren, 5/89, 4-11.
Phillipson, Robert 1989. Verdenserklæring om språklige menneskerettigheter. Nordic Journal on
Human Rights, 7/3, 40-44
Phillipson, Robert & Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove 1989. Internasjonal konferanse om
menneskerettigheter i Kurdistan, Mennesker og Rettigheter, Nordic Journal on Human Rights 3,
48-51.
Phillipson, Robert & Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove 1989. Linguistic Human Rights and the Kurdish
Language. In Human Rights in Kurdistan, Documentation of the International Conference on
Human Rights in Kurdistan. Bremen: The Initiative for Human Rights in Kurdistan, 60-68.
Phillipson, Robert & Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove 1989. Sprachliche Menschenrechte und die kurdische
Sprache. In Meschenrechte in Kurdistan, Dokumentation zur Internationalen Konferenz
Menschenrechte in Kurdistan. Bremen: Initiative Menschenrechte in Kurdistan, 63-72.
Phillipson, Robert & Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove 1987. Sprog og magt: English rules the waves.
Fructus 6, 20-21.
Phillipson, Robert, & Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove 1988. Language and liberation. In Namibia - landet
uden overgivelse, Flemming Gjedde-Nielsen (ed.). Copenhagen: World University Service,
67-71.
Phillipson, Robert & Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove 1987. Support for bilingualism in the family. Språk
og Språkundervisning, 1987:1.
Phillipson, Robert & Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove 1985. Support for bilingualism in the family.
Sproglæreren 7, 10-13.
Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove & Phillipson, Robert 1985. Four languages round the dinner table, part 1.

18
 The Bilingual Family Newsletter, 2:3, 3-5.
Phillipson, Robert & Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove 1985. Four languages round the dinner table, part 2.
The Bilingual Family Newsletter, 2:4, 3-4.
Phillipson, Robert 1982. Communication strategies. Sproglæreren 6, 12-19.
Phillipson, Robert 1976. English at RUC. Meddelelser fra Gymnasieskolernes
Engelsklærerforening, 76, 3-9.
Phillipson, Robert 1975. Questions. Meddelelser fra Gymnasieskolernes Engelsklærerforening, 72,
34-43.

TRANSLATIONS

Young Children in China, Clevedon: Multilingual Matters, 1984. Translation from the Swedish of
Kinas barn och våra, Rita Liljestrom et al, as (with Tove Skutnabb-Kangas).

extract from "La France juive" by Edouard Drumont, in The French Right (from de Maistre to
Maurras), ed. J.S.McClelland, London: Cape, 87-116, 1970.

19