Percentage

1. Two candidates contested the election. At the election 10%
votes were rejected as invalid. The margin of the successful
candidate was 308 and it was found that he had been sup-
ported by 47% of the whole number on the voters’ list. What
is the number of valid votes recorded by each candidate?
2. At a party 40% of the people have only orange juice and
snacks, 10% have only food and 80% have snacks. If no-
body has all three and everybody has something, how many
have at least food?
3. In a certain community consisting of ‘p’ persons, x% can
read and write. Among the males alone y% and of the fe-
males alone m% can read and write. Find the number of males
and females in the community.
4. A man spends 80% of his income. With the increase in the
1
cost of living his expenses also increase by 37 % and his
2
2 only one question out of six. Of the rest 100% were unable to
income increases by 16 % . Find his present percentage
3 solve any question out of the given six questions. There
saving.
30% of the unskilled workers are temporary, find the total
number of employees when the toal number of permanent
employees is 456.
10. Entry fee in an exhibition was Re 1. Later this was reduced
by 25%, which increased the sale by 20%. Find the percent-
age increase in the number of visitors.
11. Total population of a country is 98 × 107, out of which 48 ×
107 are females and the rest are males. Out of every 1000
males 98 can read and write but only 7.5% of the total popu-
lation can do so. Find what percentage of women in the
whole women population of the country can read and write.
12. In an examination paper of 6 questions, 5% of the candi-
dates answered all the questions. Of the rest 10% answered
only five questions out of six. Of the rest 20% answered
only four questions out of six. Of the rest 25% answered
only three questions out of six. Of the rest 33 1 3 % answered
only two questions out of six. Of the rest 50% answered
were 171 such students. Then what was the total number of

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1
candidates who appeared in the examination?
5. If the price of sugar falls by 2 % a person can buy 9 kg 13. In a certain community consisting of ‘P’ persons, ‘a’ per cent
2 can read and write. Of the males ‘b’ percent and of the fe-
more of sugar for Rs 126 than before. If the price had risen by males ‘c’ percent can read and write. Find the number of
1 males and females in the community.
12 % , how much sugar could he have bought for the same 14. In an examination paper of 6 questions, 4% of the candi-
2
sum? dates answered all of them and 6% none. Of the rest 20%
6. In an examination paper of 5 questions, 5% of the candi- answered only 1 question and 25% answered only 4. 15% of
dates answered all of them and 5% none. Of the rest, 25% the entire candidates answered only 2 questions and 12½%
answered only 1 question and 20% answered only 4. If only 3 questions. If 220 candidates answered only 5, how

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many candidates appeared at the examination?
1 15. The salaries of A, B and C together amount to Rs 25500. If
24 % of the entire candidates answered only 2 questions
2
2
and 200 answered only 3, how many candidates appeared at they spend 85%, 80% and 78 % of their respective sala-
3
the examination?
7. A sum of Rs 2368 was divided among 8 men, 10 women and ries, their savings are in the ratio 3 : 5 : 4. Find their respec-
12 children in such a way that each man got 25% more than tive salaries.
a woman and each woman got 25% more than a child. How 16. There are two candidates in an election. 11% of the voters
much did each woman get? did not vote. 500 votes were declared invalid. The elected
8. In a school 20% of the students are below 5 years of age and candidate got 3300 votes more than his opponent. If the
elected candidate got 48% of the total votes, how many
2 votes did each candidate get?
the number of girls above 5 is of the number of boys above
3 17. A man spends 75% of his income. With an increase in the
5 and equal to 64. How many students are there in the school?
1
2 cost of living his expenditure increases by 33 % and his
9. 66 % of the employees of a company are skilled workers 3
3 income by 25%. Find his percentage of present saving.
and the rest are unskilled. If 40% of the skilled workers and
 Answers and explanation
1. Let x be the total voters.
50 x 7
9x New income = x  x   x  = Rs x
300 6 6
 No. of votes cast =
10
4 4 75
New expenditure = x  x
9x 5 5 200
Winner votes + Loser votes + 60 =
10
4 3 8 x  3 x 11
 Loser votes = x x   x
5 10 10 10
9 47 43 x  6000
= x  60  x 7 11 x
10 100 100  New saving = 6 x  10 x = Rs 15
According to the question,
Winner – Loser = 308 x 6 5
% saving =   100  5 %
47 x 43 x  6000 15 7 x 7
or,   308
100 100 5 63
1
or, 47 x  43 x  6000  30800 5. 2 % of 126   126 = Rs
2 200 20
or, 4 x  24800  x  6200
63
 Winner candidate’s valid votes  Reduced price of 9 kg of sugar = Rs
= 47% of 6200 = 2914 20
 Loser candidate’s valid votes

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63 1
43  6200  6000  Reduced price of 1 kg of sugar = 20  9
  2606
100
7
2. = Re
Juice Snacks (80) 20
Let the original price of sugar be Rs 100.
40
1 195
x
0
y  Reduced price = 100  2 = Rs
2 2
10 195
If reduced price is Rs , then original price

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Food 2
Maximum value of y = 80 – 40 = 40% = Rs 100
Then maximum value of x = 100 – (10 + 80) = 10%
7
 Maximum = 40 + 10 + 10 = 60% have food.  If reduced price is Re 20 , then original price
3. Let the number of males and females in the community be ‘A’
and ‘B’ respectively. 100  2  7 14
A+B=p ....(i) = Re = Re
195  20 39
From the question,
y% of A + m% of B = x% of p 1
Now, increased in the price = 100  12
or, yA  mB  xp ....(ii) 2
Multiply by ‘y’ in equation (i), we get 225
yA  yB  yp ....(iii) = Rs
2
(ii) – (iii) If original price is Rs 100, then increased price
yA  mB  yA  yB  p x  y  225
= Rs
or, B m  y   p x  y  2

p x  y  14
 B  m y  If original price is Re , then increased price
39
Putting the value of ‘B’ in equation (i), we get 225 1 14 21
=   = Re
px  y  pm  x  2 100 39 52
A pB  p = m y
m y 52
 Sugar bought for Rs 126 = 126 = 312 kg
4. Let the income of man be Rs x. 21
4 6. Let the total no. of candidates = x
Expenditure of man = 80% of x = Rs x Candidate who answered 5 questions
5
x
 4x  x = 5% of x 
20
 saving =  x  5   Rs 5
  Candidates who did not answer any question
 160  5
x  x= = 200
= 5% of x  4
20 9. Let the total no. of the employees in the company be x.
 x x  2 2
 Remaining candidates = x   20  20  No. of skilled workers = 66 % of x = x
  3 3

x 9 2x x
= x  x  unskilled workers = x - 
10 10 3 3
Candidates who answered 1 question 2 x
 temporary workers = 40% of x + 30% of
 9   9  3 3
= 25% of  x     x 4 x 8 x  3x 11
 10   40 
= x   x
Candidates who answered 4 questions 15 10 30 30
 9  9  11 19
= 20% of   x    x  permanent workers = x - x x
 10   50  30 30
Candidates who answered 2 questions only From the question,
19
1 49 x = 456
= 24 % of x  x 30
2 200
Number of candidates who answered 3 questions 456  30
 x= = 720
 x x 9 9 49  19

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= x   x x x 10. Let 100 persons visit the exhibition daily.
 20 20 40 50 200  Reduction in entry fee = 25% of Re 1 = Re 1/4
150 x 1 3
= x x  Reduced entry fee = 1 - = Re
200 4 4 4
 Total no. of candidates = (x) = 4 × 200 = 800 Increase in sale of tickets due to reduction in entry fee = 20%
7. Suppose a child gets Rs x.  total sale = 100 + 20% of 100 = Rs 120
3
 x  25  5 If entry fee is Re , then no. of visitors = 1
A woman gets = Rs  x   = Rs x 4
 100  4
If entry fee is Rs 120, then no. of visitors
 5x 5 

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A man gets = Rs   25% of x  1  4  120
 4 4  = = 160
3
5 5  25
= Rs  x  x   Rs x  increase in daily no. of visitors
 4 16  16 = 160 – 100 = 60%
25 25 11. Total population = 980000000
 8 men get = Rs x  8 = Rs x Number of males = 500000000
16 2
Number of females = 480000000
5 25 Number of persons who can read and write
10 women get = Rs 10 = Rs x
4 2 980000000  7.5
12 children get = Rs x × 12 = Rs 12x =  73500000
100
25 25 No. of literate males
 x x  12 x  2368
2 2 98
= 500000000   49000000
1000
2368
or, 37x = 2368  x  = Rs 64  No. of literate females = 73500000 - 49000000
37 = 24500000
5  Percentage of literate females
 Each woman gets =  64 = Rs 80
4 24500000  100 245
=  = 5.104%
8. Let the no, of students in the school = x 480000000 48
 no. of students below 5 years 12. Number of those students who answered zero question =
= 20% of x = x/5
171
No. of girls who are above 5 years = 64
Suppose total number of students is T.
 no. of boys who are above 5 years
= 64 × 3/2 = 96 Then,
x 4 T
100  5  100  10  100  20  100  25
No. of students above 5 years = x -  x ..... (i) 100 100 100 100
5 5
No. of students in the school who are above
5 years = 64 + 96 = 160 .... (ii) 100  100 
 3  100  50
4   = 171
From (i) and (ii), x = 160 100 100
5
 15. Let the salaries of A, B and C be Rs x, Rs y and Rs z respec-
95 90 80 75 200 50
or, T        171 tively.
100 100 100 100 300 100
Expenditure of A = 85% of x
171 3000000000000
or, T   1000 3x
95  90  80  75  200  50 Savings of A = 15% of x = Rs
20
13. Let the number of males and females be M and F respec- Expenditure of B = 80% of y
tively Savings of B = 20% of y = Rs y/5
Then M + F = P
Since, of the males b per cent can read and write, then num- 2
Expenditure of C = 78 % of z
3
b
ber of literate males = M 1
100 Savings of C = 21 % of z = Rs 16 z 75
3
c From the question,
Similarly, number of literate females = F
100
3x y 16z
a : : = 3:5:4
But total number of literate people = P 20 5 75
100
3  20 75  4
b c a  x : y: z = : 5  5:
 M  F  P 3 16
100 100 100
bM + cF = aP 75
= 20 : 25 : = 80 : 100 : 75 = 16 : 20 : 15
or, bM + c(P - M) = aP 4
or, bM + cP - cM = aP 16
Salary of A =  25500 = Rs 8000

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or, M(b - c) = P(a - c) 51
Pa  c  20
or, M  b  c  males Salary of B =  25500 = Rs 10000
51
Also bM + cF = aP 15
or, b(P - F) + cF = aP Salary of C =  25500 = Rs 7500
51
or, bP - bF + cF = aP
or, F(c - b) = P(a - b) 16. Let the total no. of votes = x
% of voters who did not vote = 11%
Pa  b
or, F = c  b  females x  11 89 x
 no. of votes polled = x  
100 100

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14. Suppose total number of candidates = 100 Number of invalid votes = 500
Candidates who answered 6 questions  no. of valid votes = (0.89x - 500) .... (i)
= 4% of 100 = 4 Elected candidate gets 0.48x votes. Therefore
Candidates who didn’t answer any question 0.48x + (0.48x – 3300) = 0.89x – 500
= 6% of 100 = 6 or, 0.07x + 500 = 3300
Remaining candidates = 100 - 10 = 90 or, 0.07x = 2800
No. of candidates who answered only 1 question = 20% of or, x = 2800/0.07 = 40000
90 = 18  no. of votes secured by elected candidate
No. of candidates who answered only 4 questions = 25% of = 0.48x = 19200.
1 No. of votes secured by loser candidate
90 = 22 = 19200 – 3300 = 15900
2
Candidates who answered only 2 questions 17. Let his income be Rs 100.
= 15% of 100 = 15  expenses = 75% of 100 = Rs 75.
Candidates who answered only 3 questions  savings = 100 – 75 = Rs 25.

1 1 100
= 12 % of 100 = 12 Increased expenditure = 75 + 75 ×
2 2 300
No. of candidates who answered 5 questions = 75 + 25 = Rs 100.

1 1 100  25
= 100   4  6  18  22  15  12   22 Increased income = 100 
100
 Rs 125
 2 2
New savings = 125 – 100 = Rs 25.
If 5 questions are answered by 22 candidates then total no.
of candidates =100 25
% savings =  100  20%
125
100
 total no. of candidates = 22  220  1000