Profit and Loss
1. A man sold two tape-recorders for Rs 1000 each, thereby
losing 4% in the whole transaction. If he gains 20% on the
first, find his % gain or loss on the second.
2. A shopkeeper marks his goods at 20% above his cost price.
He sells three-fourths of his goods at the marked price. The
remaining goods he sells at 50% of the marked price. Deter-
mine his profit per cent on the whole transaction.
3. By how much above the cost should the goods be marked
for sale, so that after allowing a trade discount of 20% and a
cash discount of 6.25%, a net gain of 20% on the cost can be
made?
4. A manufacturing firm gives its customers a discount of 15%
on the list price. This gives a profit of 19% to the manufac-
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turers. The cost of manufacturer goes up by 12% and the
firm issues a fresh list price, with all prices increased by 10%.
If the firm continues to give a discount of 15% on the list
price, what percentage of profit will it make now on the cost
of the manufacturer?
5. A wholesaler marks the price of a commodity Rs 1200 and
gives a discount of 15% to a retailer. The retailer wants to
mark it at such a price that he can give a discount of 15% on
the marked price and make a profit of 25%. By what per cent
has the retailer increased the marked price?
6. A man sells each of his two computers for Rs 72000. The first
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one is sold at 60% profit and the other one at 10% loss.
What is the % loss or gain in this deal?
7. A person purchases one car and one motorcycle in Rs 200000.
He sold the car at 20% profit and motorcycle at 30% profit.
Total benefits on both the items together was 23%. Then
what are the cost prices of the car and the motorcycle re-
spectively?
8. A shopkeeper buys 8 kg of rice at Rs 10 per kg and some
extra rice at Rs 20 per kg. He marks the sale price (the rate at
which the shopkeeper sells the rice) so as to make a 20%
profit. His assistant takes over the shop in his absence and
sells 10 kg at a price which is equal to the total amount of rice
bought. The next day the shopkeeper sells the remaining
rice at the right price and makes a 5% loss overall. How much
rice did he buy in all and what amount of loss does he incur?
9. A man sells an article at a profit of 20% of the cost. Had he
sold it at a loss of 8% of the selling price, his profit would
have decreased by 10% of the cost price plus Rs 48. Find the
cost price of the article.
10. By selling oranges at 16 a hundred rupees a man lost 20%.
How many for a hundred rupees must he sell so as to gain
60%?
11. A man buys goods and finds that the cost of carriage is 4%
of the cost of goods. He is compelled to sell at a loss of 5%
of his total outlay. If he had received Rs 32.50 more than he
did, he would have gained 2½%. What was the original cost
of the goods?
12. Mohini bought a pen. She sold it for Rs 31.25, making a
percentage profit equal to the cost price in rupees. What is
her cost price?
13. A dealer sold a machine to a shopkeeper at 15% profit. The
shopkeeper sold the machine to a customer so as to get 20%
profit for himself. The customer sold the machine to his friend
so as to incur 10% loss. The selling prices of the shopkeeper
and the customer together is Rs 1472 more than the selling
price of the dealer. Find the initial price of the machine.
14. A man sold his watch at a loss of 8%. Had he sold it for Rs
336 more he would have gained 13%. Find the cost price of
the watch.
 Answers and explanation
1. Cost price of both tape-recorders Selling price of the manufacturer
6250 3x 17
 100  =x-  Rs x
= 2000    = Rs 20 20
 100  4  3
 cost price of the manufacturer
Cost price of the first tape-recorder 17 x 100 5
=  = Rs x
100 2500 20 119 7
= 1000  = Rs
120 3 5 112 4
 Cost price of the second tape-recorder
New cost price = x  = Rs x
7 100 5
6250 2500 3750 110 11
=   New list price = x × = Rs x
3 3 3 100 10
Now, discount given on the new list price

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3750 11x 33x
 1000
3 = 15% of  Rs
 % loss =  100 10 200
3750
11x 33x 220x  33x
3 New selling price =  
10 200 200
750 187 x
=  100  20% = Rs
3750 200
2. Let the CP of goods = Rs x  New profit
120 6 187 x 4 x 187 x  160x 27 x
 marked price = x  = Rs x =   
100 5 200 5 200 200

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3 6 9 27 x 5
SP of three fourth goods =  x = Rs x  % profit =   100 = 16.875%
4 5 10 200 4x
5. Cost price of the retailer = 85% of 1200 = Rs 1020
3 1 Let the marked price of the retailer be Rs x.
Remaining goods = 1  
4 4 According to the question,
1 1 6 3 85 125
Marked price of goods =  x = Rs x x×  1020 
4 4 5 10 100 100
or, x × 85 = 1020 × 125
1 3 3
SP of goods = 50% of x = Rs x 1020  125
4 10 20 or, x = = Rs 1500
85
9 3 21
 SP of total goods = x x = Rs x  % increase in the marked price
10 20 20 1500  1200
=  100 = 25%
21 21x  20 x x 1200
Profit = SP – CP = x x  
20 20 20 6. Sum of the selling price of two computers
= 72000 × 2 = Rs 144000
x Cost price (CP) of first computer
% profit =  100  5%
20  x
100
3. Let the marked price of the goods = Rs x = 72000   Rs 45000
SP of the goods after trade discount 160
4 CP of second computer
= 80% of x = Rs x
5 100
SP of the goods after cash discount  72000   Rs 80000
90
4 3 Sum of the cost price of the two computers
= 93.75% of x = Rs x
5 4 = 45000 + 80000 = Rs 125000
Let the CP of the goods = Rs y Therefore, profit = Rs (144000 - 125000) = Rs 19000
From the question,
19000  100
3 120 3 6 x 8  % profit =  15.2%
x  y  x y  y 5 125000
4 100 4 5
% above the CP that the goods be marked Hence % profit = 15.2%
7. Suppose cost price of the car is Rs x. Then CP of motorcycle
85
=  100 = 60% = Rs (200000 - x)
5
4. Let the list price marked by manufacturer = Rs x 100  20  6x
Discount given by the manufacturer = 15% of x Then SP of car = x  Rs .... (i)
100 5
3
= Rs x 100  30
20 SP of motorcycle = 200000  x  
100
  13x  or, 3x 2  4x  32  0
 Rs  260000   .... (ii)
 10  or, 3x 2  12x  8x  32  0
SP of car and motorcycle or, 3x (x - 4) + 8 (x - 4) = 0
or, (3x + 8) (x - 4) = 0
100  23  Rs 246000
= Rs 200000  ... (iii) or, x = 4 or, 8 3
100
Now, from (i), (ii) and (iii) But the amount of rice would not be negative. Therefore x =
4 kg. So, he bought total 8 + 4 = 12 kg rice.
6x  13x  Cost price = 8 × 10 + 20 × 4 = Rs 160
  260000    246000
5  10   Loss = 5% of 160 = Rs 8
9. Let the cost price of the article be Rs x.
or, x  140000
 CP of car = Rs 140000  Pr ofit 
CP of motorcycle = Rs 200000 – Rs 140000 SP of the article = CP 1  
 100 
= Rs 60000

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 20  6
8. Let the shopkeeper buy ‘x’ kg rice at Rs 20 per kg. = x 1   x
Cost price of the shopkeeper  100  5
= 8 × 10 + 20 × x = Rs (80 + 20x) New profit % = 20 - 10 = 10%
Selling price of the shopkeeper Now, the CP after selling the article at a loss of 8% =
 Pr ofit  6 92 138
= CP1   x  x ......(i)
 100  5 100 125
 20  And the CP for the second case
= (80  20x )1  
 10   11 
 100 
= x 1    48   x  48  ..... (ii)
 100   10 

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6 Now, from equations (i) and (ii), we have
= (80  20 x ) 
5 138 x 11x 276 x  275x
  48 or,  48
= Rs (16 + 4x)6 = Rs (96 + 24x) 125 10 250
 Price per kg at which the shopkeeper sells or, x = 48 × 250 = Rs 12,000
96  24x
= 100
x 8 10. SP of each Orange =  Rs 6.25
16
Assistant sells 10 kg at Rs (x + 8) per kg
 sale value = Rs (10x + 80) ....(i) 
6.25  100 SP 100 
Remaining amount of rice = 8 + x - 10 CP of each orange =
100  20  CP  100  %loss 
= (x - 2) kg To gain 60% profit new SP of each orange
96  24x 6.25  100 100  60
Shopkeeper sells remaining at right price= (x - 2) = 100  20  100
x 8
........... (ii)
Now, on the overall transaction, there is a loss of 5%, i.e.  CP  100  % Pr ofit 
 SP  100 
10 x  80 
x  2 (96  24x )
Now number of oranges he will sell in 100 rupees
x 8
19 100 100  100  80
 (80  20 x ) = = =8
20 6.25 100 100  60  625  160

100  20 100
x2
or, 10 x  80  (96  24 x )  76  19 x Hence, the man will sell 8 oranges in 100 rupees.
x 8
11. Suppose CP of the goods = Rs 100
or, 10(x  8) 2  ( x  2)(96  24x ) Cost of carriage = Rs 4
Total outlay = 100 + 4 = Rs 104
 (76  19x )( x  8)
5  104 26
or, 10( x 2  16x  64) Loss on Rs 104 =  Rs
100 5
 96x  192  24x 2  48x  SP = 104 - 26/5 = Rs 494/5
In other condition,
 76x  608  19x 2  152x
104  5 13
or, 34x 2  208x  448  228x  608  19x 2 Profit on Rs 104 =  Rs
2  100 5
or, 34 x 2  19 x 2  208x  SP = 104 + 13/5 = Rs 533/5
 228x  448  608  0 Difference in two SPs = 533/5 - 494/5 = Rs 39/5
If difference is Rs 39/5, then CP = Rs 100
or, 15x 2  20x  160  0 If difference is Rs 65/2, then CP
 From the question,
5 65
= 100   = Rs 416.67 (1.38x + 1.242x) - (1.15x) = 1472
39 2
or, 2.622x - 1.15x = 1472
12. Let the CP be Rs P. or, 1.472x = 1472
Then profit is P%.
Profit on Rs 100 = Rs P. 1472
or, x = = Rs 1000
1.472
P P2  initial price of the machine = Rs 1000.
Profit on Rs P   P  Rs
100 100
14. Let the CP of the watch be Rs x.
 2
 Loss = 8%
Now, SP  Rs  P  P 
 100   loss 
SP of the watch = CP 1  100 
 
P2
Hence,  P  31.25
100  8  23
= x 1  100   Rs 25 x
or, P  100P  3125
2  

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or, P 2  100P  3125  0 In the second case, gain = 13%

or, P  502  752  profit 

SP of the watch = CP  1  100 
 
or, P + 50 = 75 or, P = Rs 25
13. Let the initial price of the machine be Rs x.  13  113x
= x 1  100   Rs 100
 15   
SP of the dealer = x1  100  = Rs 1.15x
  Difference between two SPs is
113x 92 x 21x
 20    Rs
SP of the shopkeeper = 1.15x 1  100  100 100 100

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 
= Rs 1.38x 21x
Now, from the question,  336
100
 10 
SP of the customer = 1.38x 1  100  = Rs 1.242x 100  336
  or, x = = Rs 1600
21
Hence, CP of the watch = Rs 1600