ŶĂůŝƐŝƐ WƵƐŚŽǀĞƌƵŶƚƵŬ DĞŵƉĞƌŬŝƌĂŬĂŶ

<ŝŶĞƌũĂ ĂŶŐƵŶĂŶ WĂƐĐĂ 'ĞŵƉĂ

WĞƌĂŶĐĂŶŐĂŶ ďĂŶŐƵŶĂŶ ƚĞƌŚĂĚĂƉ

ďĞďĂŶ ŐĞŵƉĂ ƐĞďĞůƵŵ ƚĂŚƵŶ ϮϬϬϬĂŶ
• /ƐƚŝůĂŚ ƵŵƵŵ LJĂŶŐďĂŶLJĂŬ ĚŝŐƵŶĂŬĂŶ ĂĚĂůĂŚ
ďĂŶŐƵŶĂŶ ƚĂŚĂŶ ŐĞŵƉĂ
• dĞƚĂƉŝ ĂƉĂ LJĂŶŐĚŝŵĂŬƐƵĚ ĚĞŶŐĂŶ ďĂŶŐƵŶĂŶ
ƚĂŚĂŶ ŐĞŵƉĂ͍
• ĂŶŐƵŶĂŶ ƚĂŚĂŶ ŐĞŵƉĂ ĂĚĂůĂŚ͗ďĂŶŐƵŶĂŶ LJĂŶŐ
ƚŝĚĂŬ ƌƵƐĂŬ ƉĂĚĂ ŐĞŵƉĂ ŬĞĐŝů͕ƚĞƌũĂĚŝ
ŬĞƌƵƐĂŬĂŶ ŶŽŶƐƚƌƵŬƚƵƌ ƉĂĚĂ ŐĞŵƉĂ ƐĞĚĂŶŐ͕
ĚĂŶ ďŝƐĂ ƚĞƌũĂĚŝ ŬĞƌƵƐĂŬĂŶ ƐƚƌƵŬƚƵƌ ƉĂĚĂ
ŐĞŵƉĂ ďĞƐĂƌ ĂƐĂůŬĂŶ ďĂŶŐƵŶĂŶ ƚŝĚĂŬ ƌŽďŽŚ
WĞƌĂŶĐĂŶŐĂŶ ďĂŶŐƵŶĂŶ ƚĞƌŚĂĚĂƉ
ďĞďĂŶ ŐĞŵƉĂ ƐĞďĞůƵŵ ƚĂŚƵŶ ϮϬϬϬĂŶ
• 'ĂLJĂŐĞŵƉĂ LJĂŶŐĚŝŐƵŶĂŬĂŶ ĚĂůĂŵ ĚĞƐŝŐŶ
ďĂŶŐƵŶĂŶ ƵŵƵŵŶLJĂ ƌĞůĂƚŝĨ ŬĞĐŝů ĚĞŶŐĂŶ
ŵĞŶŐŐƵŶĂŬĂŶ ŶŝůĂŝ ƌĞĚƵŬƐŝ ďĞďĂŶ ŐĞŵƉĂ Z
LJĂŶŐĐƵŬƵƉ ďĞƐĂƌ ;ŵĂŬƐŝŵƵŵ ϴ͘ϱͿ
• WĞƌĂŶĐĂŶŐĂŶ ĚŝĨŽŬƵƐŬĂŶ ƉĂĚĂ ƐƚƌƵŬƚƵƌ ĚĂŶ
ŬƵƌĂŶŐ ŵĞŵƉĞƌŚĂƚŝŬĂŶ ĚĞƐŝŐŶŶŽŶƐƚƌƵŬƚƵƌ
• ĞƐŝŐŶƐƚƌƵŬƚƵƌ ďĞƌďĂƐŝƐ ĚƵĐƚŝůĞĚĞƐŝŐŶ
ĚĞŶŐĂŶ ĨŝůŽƐŽĨŝ LJĂŶŐƉĞŶƚŝŶŐ ƐƚƌƵŬƚƵƌ ƚŝĚĂŬ
ƌŽďŽŚ ǁĂůĂƵƉƵŶ ƚĞƌũĂĚŝ ŬĞƌƵƐĂŬĂŶ ƉĂĚĂ
ďĂŐŝĂŶ ŶŽŶƐƚƌƵŬƚƵƌ ŵĂƵƉƵŶ ƐƚƌƵŬƚƵƌ

WĞƌĂŶĐĂŶŐĂŶ ďĂŶŐƵŶĂŶ ƚĞƌŚĂĚĂƉ

ďĞďĂŶ ŐĞŵƉĂ ƐĞďĞůƵŵ ƚĂŚƵŶ ϮϬϬϬĂŶ
• ĞƐŝŐŶďĂŶŐƵŶĂŶ ĚĞŶŐĂŶ ƉĞŶĚĞŬĂƚĂŶ ŝŶŝ
ĚŝƌĂƐĂ ƚŝĚĂŬ ƚĞƉĂƚ ƚĞƌƵƚĂŵĂ ƵŶƚƵŬ ďĂŶŐƵŶĂŶ
ƉĞŶƚŝŶŐ ƐĞƉĞƌƚŝ ƌƵŵĂŚ ƐĂŬŝƚ ŬĂƌĞŶĂ
ƐĞŚĂƌƵƐŶLJĂ͗
Ͳ ƌƵŵĂŚ ƐĂŬŝƚ ƚĞƚĂƉ ďĞƌŽƉĞƌĂƐŝ ƉĂƐĐĂ ŐĞŵƉĂ
Ͳ ŬŽŵƉŽŶĞŶ ŶŽŶƐƚƌƵŬƚƵƌ ƐĂŵĂ ƉĞŶƚŝŶŐŶLJĂ
ĚĞŶŐĂŶ ŬŽŵƉŽŶĞŶ ƐƚƌƵŬƚƵƌ
 ŽŶƚŽŚ <ĞƌƵƐĂŬĂŶ EŽŶ^ƚƌƵŬƚƵƌ
^ĞŚŝŶŐŐĂ ZƵŵĂŚ
Z ŵĂŚ ^ĂŬŝƚ dŝĚĂŬ ĂƉĂƚ
ĞƌŽƉĞƌĂƐŝ WĂƐĐĂ 'ĞŵƉĂ

<ĞƌƵƐĂŬĂŶ ĚŝŶĚŝŶŐ ;zŽŐLJĂŬĂƌƚĂϮϬϬϲͿ

<ĞƌƵƐĂŬĂŶ ĚŝŶĚŝŶŐ ;zŽŐLJĂŬĂƌƚĂϮϬϬϲͿ

<ĞƌƵƐĂŬĂŶ ƉĞƌĂůĂƚĂŶ ;ĞŶŐŬƵůƵϮϬϬϳͿ

 <ĞƌƵƐĂŬĂŶ ƉůĂĨŽŶ ;WĂĚĂŶŐϮϬϬϵͿ

<ĞƌƵƐĂŬĂŶ ŵĞŬĂŶŝŬĂů ĚĂŶ ĞůĞŬƚƌŝŬĂů ;WĂĚĂŶŐϮϬϬϵͿ

WĞƌĂŶĐĂŶŐĂŶ ďĂŶŐƵŶĂŶ ƚĞƌŚĂĚĂƉ
ďĞďĂŶ ŐĞŵƉĂ ƐĞƚĞůĂŚ ƚĂŚƵŶ ϮϬϬϬĂŶ
• ^ĞũĂŬ ĂǁĂů ƚĂŚƵŶ ϮϬϬϬĂŶŵƵůĂŝ ĚŝŐƵŶĂŬĂŶ
ƉĞƌĂŶĐĂŶŐĂŶ ďĂŶŐƵŶĂŶ ďĞƌďĂƐŝƐ ŬŝŶĞƌũĂ
• WĂĚĂ ƉĞƌĂŶĐĂŶŐĂŶ ĚĞŶŐĂŶ ĐĂƌĂ ŝŶŝ ƚŝĚĂŬ ŚĂŶLJĂ
Ɖ
ŬŽŵƉŽŶĞŶ ƐƚƌƵŬƚƵƌ ƐĂũĂ
ũ LJLJĂŶŐĚŝĚĞƐŝŐŶ
Ő Ő ƚĞƚĂƉŝ
Ɖ
ĚĞŵŝŬŝĂŶ ũƵŐĂ ĚĞŶŐĂŶ ŬŽŵƉŽŶĞŶ ŶŽŶƐƚƌƵŬƚƵƌ
• WĞƌĂŶĐĂŶŐĂŶ ƚŝĚĂŬ ŚĂŶLJĂ ďĞƌĚĂƐĂƌŬĂŶ ŐĂLJĂͲ
ŐĂLJĂ LJĂŶŐďĞŬĞƌũĂ ƚĞƚĂƉŝ ũƵŐĂ ŵĞŵƉĞƌŚĂƚŝŬĂŶ
ďĞƐĂƌŶLJĂ ĚĞĨŽƌŵĂƐŝ LJĂŶŐƚĞƌũĂĚŝ ƵŶƚƵŬ
ŵĞŶŐƵƌĂŶŐŝ ŬĞƌƵƐĂŬĂŶ ƉĂĚĂ ŬŽŵƉŽŶĞŶ ŶŽŶ
ƐƚƌƵŬƚƵƌ

WĞƌĂŶĐĂŶŐĂŶ ďĂŶŐƵŶĂŶ ƚĞƌŚĂĚĂƉ

ďĞďĂŶ ŐĞŵƉĂ ƐĞƚĞůĂŚ ƚĂŚƵŶ ϮϬϬϬĂŶ
• ĚĂ ϰƚŝŶŐŬĂƚ ŬŝŶĞƌũĂ LJĂŶŐĚĂƉĂƚ ĚŝƉŝůŝŚ ƉĂĚĂ
ƉĞƌĂŶĐĂŶŐĂŶ ďĂŶŐƵŶĂŶ ďĞƌďĂƐŝƐ ŬŝŶĞƌũĂ͗
Ͳ KƉĞƌĂƐŝŽŶĂů
Ͳ /ŵŵĞĚŝĂƚĞKĐĐƵƉĂŶĐLJ
/ Ěŝ K
Ͳ >ŝĨĞ^ĂĨĞƚLJ
Ͳ ŽůůĂƉƐĞWƌĞǀĞŶƚŝŽŶ
• WĞŵŝůŝŚĂŶ ƚŝŶŐŬĂƚ ŬŝŶĞƌũĂ LJĂŶŐĚŝŐƵŶĂŬĂŶ
ĚŝĚĂƐĂƌŬĂŶ ƉĂĚĂ ĨƵŶŐƐŝ ĚĂƌŝ ďĂŶŐƵŶĂŶ LJĂŶŐ
ĂŬĂŶ ĚŝĚĞƐŝŐŶ
 WŝůŝŚĂŶ ŬŝŶĞƌũĂ ďĂŶŐƵŶĂŶ ƉĂƐĐĂ ŐĞŵƉĂ ƌĞŶĐĂŶĂ

ĂƐĂƌͲĚĂƐĂƌ ĚĞƐŝŐŶďĂŶŐƵŶĂŶ ďĞƌďĂƐŝƐ ŬŝŶĞƌũĂ

Designed performance level
Component Operational Immediate Life Safety Collapse
Occupancy Prevention
Structural Designed Designed Designed Designed
μ”2 2<μ”3 3<μ”4 μ>4
R ” 3.2 3.2 < R ” 4.8 4.8 < R ” 6.4 R > 6.4
I • 1.5 I • 1.25 I •1.1 I=1
Architectural Very small Small Large Very large
deformation deformation deformation deformation
i ” 0.75% 0.75 < i ” 1.50% 1.50 < i ” 2.50% i > 2.5 %
Mechanical Fully designed Partly designed Mostly not Not designed
designed
Electrical Fully designed Partly designed Mostly not Not designed
designed
Equipment Fully designed Partly designed Mostly not Not designed
designed
ĂƐĂƌͲĚĂƐĂƌ ĚĞƐŝŐŶďĂŶŐƵŶĂŶ ďĞƌďĂƐŝƐ ŬŝŶĞƌũĂ
Designed performance level
Component Operational Immediate Life Safety Collapse
Occupancy Prevention
Structural Designed Designed Designed Designed
μ”2 2<μ”3 3<μ”4 μ>4
R ” 3.2 3.2 < R ” 4.8 4.8 < R ” 6.4 R > 6.4
I • 1.5 I • 1.25 I •1.1 I=1
Architectural Very small Small Large Very large
deformation deformation deformation deformation
i ” 0.75% 0.75 < i ” 1.50% 1.50 < i ” 2.50% i > 2.5 %
Mechanical Fully designed Partly designed Mostly not Not designed
designed
Electrical Fully designed Partly designed Mostly not Not designed
designed
Equipment Fully designed Partly designed Mostly not Not designed
designed

/ŶƐƚĂůĂƐŝ ŐĂƐƌƵŵĂŚ ƐĂŬŝƚ Ěŝ WĂĚĂŶŐ

 ĞƐŝŐŶďĞƌďĂƐŝƐ ŬŝŶĞƌũĂ

/ŶƐƚĂůĂƐŝ ŐĂƐƌƵŵĂŚ ƐĂŬŝƚ Ěŝ EĞǁĞĂůĂŶĚ

ƉĂ ďĞĚĂŶLJĂ͍
 'ĂLJĂŐĞŵƉĂ

KƉĞƌĂƚŝŽŶĂů͗WĂƐĐĂ ŐĞŵƉĂ ďĂŶŐƵŶĂŶ ĚĂƉĂƚ

ƚĞƚĂƉ ďĞƌŽƉĞƌĂƐŝ ĚĂŶ ŵĞůĂŬƵŬĂŶ ƉĞůĂLJĂŶĂŶ

΀&Dϯϴϵ;ϮϬϬϰͿ΁

,ŽƐƉŝƚĂů
ŽŵƉŽŶĞŶƚ KƉĞƌĂƚŝŽŶĂů

^ƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĂů /ŶĐŝƉŝĞŶƚ
ĚĂŵĂŐĞĚ
EŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĂů͗ /ŶĐŝƉŝĞŶƚ
ƌĐŚŝƚĞĐƚƵƌĂů ĚĂŵĂŐĞĚ
DĞĐŚĂŶŝĐĂů &ƵŶĐƚŝŽŶĂů

ůĞĐƚƌŝĐĂů &ƵŶĐƚŝŽŶĂů

ƋƵŝƉŵĞŶƚ &ƵŶĐƚŝŽŶĂů
/ŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚ
ďƵŝůĚŝŶŐƐ

<ŝŶĞƌũĂ ďĂŶŐƵŶĂŶ ƐĞƚĞůĂŚ ĚŝůĂŶĚĂ ŐĞŵƉĂ

 'ĂLJĂŐĞŵƉĂ

/ŵŵĞĚŝĂƚĞKĐĐƵƉĂŶĐLJ͗ƉĂƐĐĂ ŐĞŵƉĂ ďĂŶŐƵŶĂŶ

ďŝƐĂ ĚŝŚƵŶŝ ŬĞŵďĂůŝ ƚĞƚĂƉŝ ƚŝĚĂŬ ĚĂƉĂƚ
ŵĞůĂŬƵŬĂŶ ƉĞůĂLJĂŶĂŶ LJĂŶŐŵĂŬƐŝŵĂů

΀&Dϯϴϵ;ϮϬϬϰͿ΁

KĨĨŝĐĞ
ŽŵƉŽŶĞŶƚ /ŵŵĞĚŝĂƚĞ
KĐĐƵƉĂŶĐLJ
^ƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĂů ^ůŝŐŚƚůLJ
ĚĂŵĂŐĞĚ
EŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĂů͗ ^ůŝŐŚƚůLJ
ƌĐŚŝƚĞĐƚƵƌĂů ĚĂŵĂŐĞĚ
DĞĐŚĂŶŝĐĂů WĂƌƚůLJ
LJ
ĨƵŶĐƚŝŽŶĂů
ůĞĐƚƌŝĐĂů WĂƌƚůLJ
ĨƵŶĐƚŝŽŶĂů
WƵďůŝĐ ƋƵŝƉŵĞŶƚ WĂƌƚůLJ
ƵŝůĚŝŶŐƐ ĨƵŶĐƚŝŽŶĂů

<ŝŶĞƌũĂ ďĂŶŐƵŶĂŶ ƐĞƚĞůĂŚ ĚŝůĂŶĚĂ ŐĞŵƉĂ

 'ĂLJĂŐĞŵƉĂ

>ŝĨĞ^ĂĨĞƚLJ͗ƉĂƐĐĂ ŐĞŵƉĂ ďĂŶŐƵŶĂŶ ƚŝĚĂŬ ĚĂƉĂƚ

ĚŝŚƵŶŝ ŬĞŵďĂůŝ ƐĞĐĂƌĂ ůĂŶƐƵŶŐ ŬĂƌĞŶĂ ŚĂƌƵƐ
ĚŝƉĞƌďĂŝŬŝ ĚƵůƵ ƚĞƚĂƉŝ ƚŝĚĂŬ ĂĚĂ ŬŽƌďĂŶ ũŝǁĂ

΀&Dϯϴϵ;ϮϬϬϰͿ΁

&ůĂƚƐ
ŽŵƉŽŶĞŶƚ >ŝĨĞ^ĂĨĞƚLJ
^ƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĂů DŽĚĞƌĂƚĞůLJ
ĚĂŵĂŐĞĚ
EŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĂů͗ DŽĚĞƌĂƚĞůLJ
ƌĐŚŝƚĞĐƚƵƌĂů ĚĂŵĂŐĞĚ
DĞĐŚĂŶŝĐĂů DŽƐƚůLJŶŽƚ
& ƚŝ
&ƵŶĐƚŝŽŶĂůů
ůĞĐƚƌŝĐĂů DŽƐƚůLJŶŽƚ
&ƵŶĐƚŝŽŶĂů
ƋƵŝƉŵĞŶƚ DŽƐƚůLJŶŽƚ
ŽŵŵŽŶ &ƵŶĐƚŝŽŶĂů
ƵŝůĚŝŶŐƐ
<ŝŶĞƌũĂ ďĂŶŐƵŶĂŶ ƐĞƚĞůĂŚ ĚŝůĂŶĚĂ ŐĞŵƉĂ
 'ĂLJĂŐĞŵƉĂ

ŽůůĂƉƐĞWƌĞǀĞŶƚŝŽŶ͗ƉĂƐĐĂ ŐĞŵƉĂ ďĂŶŐƵŶĂŶ

ƚŝĚĂŬ ĚĂƉĂƚ ĚŝŚƵŶŝ ;ƚŝĚĂŬ ĞŬŽŶŽŵŝƐ ƵŶƚƵŬ
ĚŝƉĞƌďĂŝŬŝͿĚĂŶ ŬĞŵƵŶŐŬŝŶĂŶ ĂĚĂ ŬŽƌďĂŶ ũŝǁĂ

΀&Dϯϴϵ;ϮϬϬϰͿ΁

tĂƌĞŚŽƵƐĞ ŽŵƉŽŶĞŶƚ ŽůůĂƉƐĞ

WƌĞǀĞŶƚŝŽŶ
^ƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĂů ,ĞĂǀŝůLJ
ĚĂŵĂŐĞĚ
EŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĂů͗ ,ĞĂǀŝůLJ
ƌĐŚŝƚĞĐƚƵƌĂů ĚĂŵĂŐĞĚ
DĞĐŚĂŶŝĐĂů EŽƚ
&ƵŶĐƚŝŽŶĂů
ůĞĐƚƌŝĐĂů EŽƚ
&ƵŶĐƚŝŽŶĂů
hŶŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚ ƋƵŝƉŵĞŶƚ EŽƚ
ƵŝůĚŝŶŐƐ &ƵŶĐƚŝŽŶĂů

<ŝŶĞƌũĂ ďĂŶŐƵŶĂŶ ƐĞƚĞůĂŚ ĚŝůĂŶĚĂ ŐĞŵƉĂ

 'ĂLJĂŐĞŵƉĂ

ŽůůĂƉƐĞ͗ƉĂƐĐĂ ŐĞŵƉĂ ďĂŶŐƵŶĂŶ ƌŽďŽŚ ĚĞŶŐĂŶ

ŬĞŵƵŶŐŬŝŶĂŶ ƚŝŶŐŬĂƚ ŬĞŚŝůĂŶŐĂŶ LJĂŶŐďĞƐĂƌ
;ŚĂƌƚĂ ĚĂŶ ũŝǁĂͿ

<ŝŶĞƌũĂ ďĂŶŐƵŶĂŶ ƐĞƚĞůĂŚ ĚŝůĂŶĚĂ ŐĞŵƉĂ

 ĞƌďĂŐĂŝ ŬŝŶĞƌũĂ LJĂŶŐ ĚĂƉĂƚ ĚŝĐĂƉĂŝ ƐƵĂƚƵ
ďĂŶŐƵŶĂŶ ƉĂƐĐĂ ŐĞŵƉĂ ƐĞďĂŐĂŝŵĂŶĂ
ĚŝƉĞƌůŝŚĂƚŬĂŶ Ěŝ ĂƚĂƐ ƐĂůĂŚ ƐĂƚƵŶLJĂ ĂĚĂůĂŚ
ƐĞďĂŐĂŝ ŬŽŶƐĞŬƵĞŶƐŝ ĚĂƌŝ ƉĞŶŐĂŵďŝůĂŶ ŶŝůĂŝ Z
ƉĂĚĂ ƐĂĂƚ ŵĞŶĞŶƚƵŬĂŶ ďĞďĂŶ ŐĞŵƉĂ ĚĞƐŝŐŶ LJĂŶŐ
ƚŝĚĂŬ ƐĞĐĂƌĂ ĞŬƐƉůŝƐŝƚ
Ɖ ĚŝũĞůĂƐŬĂŶ
ũ ĚĂůĂŵ Ɖ
ƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĂŶ
hŶƚƵŬ ŵĞŵƉĞƌŬŝƌĂŬĂŶ ŬŝŶĞƌũĂ LJĂŶŐ ĚĂƉĂƚ ĚŝĐĂƉĂŝ
ƉĂƐĐĂ ŐĞŵƉĂ ŵĂŬĂ ƉĞƌůƵ ĚŝůĂŬƵŬĂŶ ĞǀĂůƵĂƐŝ
ƚĞƌƵƚĂŵĂ ũŝŬĂ ĚĂůĂŵ ŵĞŶĚĞƐŝŐŶ ĚŝŐƵŶĂŬĂŶ ŶŝůĂŝ Z
LJĂŶŐ ŵĂŬƐŝŵƵŵ

ĞďĂŶ 'ĞŵƉĂ ĞƐŝŐŶ;^E/ͲϭϳϮϴͲϮϬϬϮͿ

94 o 96 o 98 o 100 o 102 o 104 o 106 o 108 o 110 o 112 o 114 o 116 o 118 o 120 o 122 o 124 o 126 o 128 o 130 o 132 o 134 o 136 o 138 o 140 o

CI 10 o 10 o

V= Wt 8o
0 80 200

Kilometer
400
8o

R 6

4o
o

Banda Aceh

1
2
3 4 5 6 5 4 3 2 1
6o

4o

Wi zi
Fi =
2o 2o

V
Manado

¦ ii
Ternate
Pekanbaru

1
0o 0o

W z
Samarinda 2
1
Palu Manokwari 3
Padang 2
3 Sorong
4 Jambi Biak 4
5
6
o
2 4
5 Palangkaraya 5 2o
3
2 Jayapura
6
1
Palembang Banjarmasin
5
Bengkulu Kendari Ambon
4o 4 4o
1 Makasar 3
Bandarlampung
Tual 2

6o Jakarta 2 6o
1
Bandung
Garut Semarang
Sukabumi Surabaya
Tasikmalaya Solo
Jogjakarta 3
Blitar Malang
8o Cilacap
Banyuwangi 4
8o
Denpasar Mataram
Merauke
5

6
o
10 5 Kupang
10 o
4
3
Wilayah 1 : 0,03 g
2
12 o
Wilayah 2 : 0,10 g 1
12 o
Wilayah 3 : 0,15 g
Wilayah 4 : 0,20 g
14 o 14 o
Wilayah 5 : 0,25 g
Wilayah 6 : 0,30 g
16 o 16 o
94 o 96 o 98 o 100 o 102 o 104 o 106 o 108 o 110 o 112 o 114 o 116 o 118 o 120 o 122 o 124 o 126 o 128 o 130 o 132 o 134 o 136 o 138 o 140 o

Gambar 2.1. Wilayah Gempa Indonesia dengan percepatan puncak batuan dasar dengan perioda ulang 500 tahun
ĞďĂŶ 'ĞŵƉĂ :LOD\DK*HPSD 

&=
:LOD\DK*HPSD

7
7DQDKOXQDN

ĞƐŝŐŶ

 &= 7DQDKVHGDQJ
7

&= 7DQDKOXQDN 
7  &= 7DQDKNHUDV
7

& &= 7 DQDK VHGDQJ &
7
 

&= 7DQDKNHUDV 
 7


CI 


V=


Wt 

             

R 7 7

Wi zi :LOD\DK*HPSD  :LOD\DK*HPSD

Fi = V 
 &=

7DQDKOXQDN

¦ ii
&= 7DQDKOXQDN  7
7


W z 
&=

&=

7


7DQDK VHGDQJ

7DQDKNHUDV
 &=

&=
7
7DQDKVHGDQJ


7
7DQDKNHUDV
 7
& &

 




             
7 7


:LOD\DK*HPSD 
:LOD\DK*HPSD

 
&= 7DQDKOXQ DN  
7 &= 7DQDKOXQ DN
7
  
&= 7DQDKVHGDQJ &= 7DQDKVHGDQJ
7 7

 &= 7DQDKNHUDV
& &=
7
7DQDKNHUDV & 7

 
 



      

      
7 7

ĞďĂŶ 'ĞŵƉĂ ĞƐŝŐŶ

CI
V= Wt
R
Wi zi
Fi = V
¦ ii
W z
ĞďĂŶ 'ĞŵƉĂ ĞƐŝŐŶ
CI
V= Wt
R
Wi zi
Fi = V
¦ ii
W z

ŶĂůŝƐŝƐ ƐƚƌƵŬƚƵƌ ĂŬŝďĂƚ ŐĂLJĂ ŐĞŵƉĂ

• ^ƚĂƚŝŬ
• ŝŶĂŵŝŬ
• WƵƐŚŽǀĞƌ͕ďŝƐĂ ĚŝŐƵŶĂŬĂŶ ƵŶƚƵŬ ŵĞŶŐĞǀĂůƵĂƐŝ
Ŭŝ ũ ďĂŶŐƵŶĂŶ
ŬŝŶĞƌũĂ ď ƉĂƐĐĂ ŐĞŵƉĂ
ĂƐĂƌͲĚĂƐĂƌ ĂŶĂůŝƐŝƐ ƉƵƐŚŽǀĞƌ
• ŶĂůŝƐŝƐ ŵŝƌŝƉ ĚĞŶŐĂŶ ĂŶĂůŝƐŝƐ ƐƚĂƚŝŬ ĞŬŝǀĂůĞŶ
ĚŝŵĂŶĂ ƉĂĚĂ ƐĞƚŝĂƉ ůĂŶƚĂŝ ĚŝŬĞƌũĂŬĂŶ ŐĂLJĂ
ŐĞŵƉĂ ůĂƚĞƌĂů
• 'ĂLJĂŐĞŵƉĂ ůĂƚĞƌĂůŝŶŝ ďĞƐĂƌŶLJĂ ŬĞŵƵĚŝĂŶ
ĚŝƚŝŶŐŬĂƚŬĂŶ
Ő ƐĂŵƉĂŝ
Ɖ ĚĞĨŽƌŵĂƐŝ ůĂƚĞƌĂů
ŵĂŬƐŝŵƵŵ LJĂŶŐƚĞƌũĂĚŝ ƐĂŵĂ ĚĞŶŐĂŶ
ƉĞƌŬŝƌĂĂŶ ĚĞĨŽƌŵĂƐŝ ŵĂŬƐŝŵƵŵ LJĂŶŐĂŬĂŶ
ƚĞƌũĂĚŝ ƐĞƐƵĂŝ ĚĞŶŐĂŶ ŐĞŵƉĂ ƌĞŶĐĂŶĂ
• <ŽŵƉŽŶĞŶ ƐƚƌƵŬƚƵƌ ĚŝŵŽĚĞůŬĂŶ ƵŶƚƵŬ ĚĂƉĂƚ
ŵĞŶŐĂůĂŵŝ ŬĞƌƵƐĂŬĂŶ͕ŵŝƐĂů ŬĞƌƵƐĂŬĂŶ ůĞŶƚƵƌ

ĂƐĂƌͲĚĂƐĂƌ ĂŶĂůŝƐŝƐ ƉƵƐŚŽǀĞƌ

• ^ĞũĂůĂŶ ĚĞŶŐĂŶ ŶĂŝŬŶLJĂ ŐĂLJĂ ůĂƚĞƌĂůLJĂŶŐ
ďĞŬĞƌũĂ ĚĞĨŽƌŵĂƐŝ ůĂƚĞƌĂůƐƚƌƵŬƚƵƌ ďĞƌƚĂŵďĂŚ
ďĞƐĂƌ
• ĞŶŐĂŶ ďĞƌƚĂŵďĂŚŶLJĂ ĚĞĨŽƌŵĂƐŝ ůĂƚĞƌĂů
ŬĞƌƵƐĂŬĂŶ ƉƉĂĚĂ ŬŽŵƉŽŶĞŶ
Ɖ ƐƚƌƵŬƚƵƌ LJLJĂŶŐ
Ő
ĚŝƐĞďƵƚ ĚĞŶŐĂŶ ƐĞŶĚŝ ƉůĂƐƚŝƐ ;ƵŵƵŵŶLJĂ
ŬĞƌƵƐĂŬĂŶ ůĞŶƚƵƌͿŵƵůĂŝ ƚĞƌũĂĚŝ
• dŝŶŐŬĂƚŬĞƌƵƐĂŬĂŶ ĚĂŶ ũƵŵůĂŚ ƐĞŶĚŝ ƉůĂƐƚŝƐ
ƚĞƌƵƐ ďĞƌƚĂŵďĂŚ ƐĞŝƌŝŶŐ ĚĞŶŐĂŶ
ďĞƌƚĂŵďĂŚŶLJĂ ĚĞĨŽƌŵĂƐŝ
ǀĂůƵĂƐŝ ŬŝŶĞƌũĂ ďĂŶŐƵŶĂŶ ƉĂƐĐĂ ŐĞŵƉĂ
ĚĂƌŝ ŚĂƐŝů ĂŶĂůŝƐŝƐ ƉƵƐŚŽǀĞƌ
• ǀĂůƵĂƐŝ ŬŝŶĞƌũĂ ďĂŶŐƵŶĂŶ ƉĂƐĐĂ ŐĞŵƉĂ
ĚŝůĂŬƵŬĂŶ ĚĞŶŐĂŶ ŵĞŶŐŐƵŶĂŬĂŶ ŐƌĂĨŝŬ
ĐĂƉĂĐŝƚLJƐƉĞĐƚƌƵŵLJĂŶŐŵĞŶŐŐĂŵďĂƌŬĂŶ
ŬƵƌǀĂ ƐƉĞŬƚƌƵŵ ĚĂŶ ŬƵƌǀĂ ŬĂƉĂƐŝƚĂƐ ƐƚƌƵŬƚƵƌ
ŚĂƐŝů ƉƵƐŚŽǀĞƌĂŶĂůŝƐŝƐ
ƉƵƐŚŽǀĞƌ ĂŶĂůŝƐŝƐ
• WĂĚĂ ŐƌĂĨŝŬ ĐĂƉĂĐƚLJ ƐƉĞĐƚƌƵŵƐƵŵďƵ yĂĚĂůĂŚ
ĚŝƐƉůĂĐĞŵĞŶƚĂƌĂŚ ůĂƚĞƌĂů;ƐƉĞĐƚƌĂů
ĚŝƐƉůĂĐĞŵĞŶƚͿƐĞĚĂŶŐŬĂŶ ƐƵŵďƵ zĂĚĂůĂŚ
ŐĂLJĂ ŐĞƐĞƌ ĚĂƐĂƌ ĚĂůĂŵ Ő ;ƐƉĞĐƚƌĂů
ĂĐĐĞůĞƌĂƚŝŽŶͿ
<ƵƌǀĂ ƐƉĞĐƚƌƵŵLJĂŶŐƚĞƌŐĂŶƚƵŶŐ ĚĂƌŝ
ǁŝůĂLJĂŚ ŐĞŵƉĂ ĚĂŶ ũĞŶŝƐ ƚĂŶĂŚ

<ƵƌǀĂ ŬĂƉĂƐŝƚĂƐ ƐƚƌƵŬƚƵƌ ŚĂƐŝů

ĂŶĂůŝƐŝƐ ƉƵƐŚŽǀĞƌLJĂŶŐƚĞƌŐĂŶƚƵŶŐ
ĚĂƌŝ ĚĞƐŝŐŶƐƚƌƵŬƚƵƌ
 'ƌĂĨŝŬ ĐĂƉĂĐŝƚLJƐƉĞĐƚƌƵŵ

dŝƚŝŬ ŬƌŝƚŝƐ ĞǀĂůƵĂƐŝ

ĂƌŝŐƌĂĨŝŬ ĐĂƉĂĐŝƚLJƐƉĞĐƚƌƵŵĚĂƉĂƚ
ĚŝůŝŚĂƚ
• ƉĂŬĂŚ ŬƵƌǀĂ ŬĂƉĂƐŝƚĂƐ ŵĂŵƉƵ ŵĞŶLJĞŶƚƵŚ
ŬƵƌǀĂ ƐƉĞĐƚƌƵŵĂƚĂƵ ƚŝĚĂŬ ;ƚŝƚŝŬ ŬƌŝƚŝƐ ĞǀĂůƵĂƐŝͿ
• ƉĂďŝůĂ ŬƵƌǀĂ ŬĂƉĂƐŝƚĂƐ ŵĂŵƉƵ ŵĞŶĐĂƉĂŝ ŬƵƌǀĂ
Ɖ
ƐƉĞĐƚƌƵŵŵĂŬĂ ŬŝŶĞƌũĂ
ũ ďĂŶŐƵŶĂŶ
Ő ƉĂƐĐĂ ŐŐĞŵƉĂ
Ɖ Ɖ
ĚĂƉĂƚ ĚŝƉĞƌŬŝƌĂŬĂŶ ďĞƌĚĂƐĂƌŬĂŶ ŬĞƌƵƐĂŬĂŶ LJĂŶŐ
ƚĞƌũĂĚŝ ƐĂĂƚ ďĂŶŐƵŶĂŶ ďĞƌĚĞĨŽƌŵĂƐŝ ƐĂŵƉĂŝ ƚŝƚŝŬ
ŬƌŝƚŝƐ
• ƉĂďŝůĂ ŬƵƌǀĂ ŬĂƉĂƐŝƚĂƐ ƚŝĚĂŬ ŵĂŵƉƵ ŵĞŶLJĞŶƚƵŚ
ŬƵƌǀĂ ƐƉĞĐƚƌƵŵŵĂŬĂ ĂĚĂ ŬĞŵƵŶŐŬŝŶĂŶ ƐƚƌƵŬƚƵƌ
ĂŬĂŶ ƌŽďŽŚ
 ŽŶƚŽŚ ĂƉůŝŬĂƐŝ ƉƵƐŚŽǀĞƌƵŶƚƵŬ
ŵĞŵƉĞƌŬŝƌĂŬĂŶ ŬŝŶĞƌũĂ ďĂŶŐƵŶĂŶ
LJĂŶŐ ĚŝĚĞƐŝŐŶ ĚĞŶŐĂŶ ďĞƌďĂŐĂŝ ŶŝůĂŝ Z
LJĂŶŐĚŝĚĞƐŝŐŶ
ƉĂĚĂ ǁŝůĂLJĂŚ ϰƚĂŶĂŚ ƐĞĚĂŶŐ
ϱdžϯ͘ϱŵ
 Zсϭ͘ϲ
ϯ
ůĞŵĞŶ ůĞďĂƌ;ŵͿ ƚŝŶŐŐŝ;ŵͿ WĂŶũĂŶŐ;ŵͿ sŽůƵŵĞ;ŵ Ϳ
ĂůŽŬ Ϭ͘ϱϬ Ϭ͘ϴϬ ϭϴϮϬ͘ϬϬ ϳϮϴ͘ϬϬ
<ŽůŽŵ Ϭ͘ϴϬ Ϭ͘ϴϬ ϮϮϰ͘ϬϬ ϭϰϯ͘ϯϲ
<ŽůŽŵ Ϭ͘ϴϱ Ϭ͘ϴϱ ϮϮϰ͘ϬϬ ϭϲϭ͘ϴϰ
<ŽůŽŵ Ϭ͘ϵϬ Ϭ͘ϵϬ ϭϭϮ͘ϬϬ ϵϬ͘ϳϮ
ϭϭϮϯ͘ϵϮ
sŽůďĞƚŽŶ с Ϯ͘ϭϮ ŬĂůŝsŽůďĞƚŽŶZсϴ͘ϱ

Zсϰ͘ϴ
ůĞŵĞŶ ůĞďĂƌ ƚŝŶŐŐŝ WĂŶũĂŶŐ sŽůƵŵĞ
ĂůŽŬ Ϭ͘ϰϬ Ϭ͘ϳϬ ϭϴϮϬ͘ϬϬ ϱϬϵ͘ϲϬ
<ŽůŽŵ Ϭ͘ϲϬ Ϭ͘ϲϬ ϯϯϲ͘ϬϬ ϭϮϬ͘ϵϲ
<ŽůŽŵ Ϭ͘ϳϬ Ϭ͘ϳϬ ϮϮϰ͘ϬϬ ϭϬϵ͘ϳϲ
ϳϰϬ͘ϯϮ
sŽůďĞƚŽŶ с ϭ͘ϰϬ ŬĂůŝsŽůďĞƚŽŶZсϴ͘ϱ

Zсϴ͘ϱ
ůĞŵĞŶ ůĞďĂƌ ƚŝŶŐŐŝ WĂŶũĂŶŐ sŽůƵŵĞ
ĂůŽŬ Ϭ͘ϯϬ Ϭ͘ϲϬ ϭϴϮϬ͘ϬϬ ϯϮϳ͘ϲϬ
<ŽůŽŵ Ϭ͘ϲϬ Ϭ͘ϲϬ ϱϲϬ͘ϬϬ ϮϬϭ͘ϲϬ
ϱϮϵ͘ϮϬ

ŶĂůŝƐŝƐ WƵƐŚŽǀĞƌ
^ƚƌƵŬƚƵƌĚĞŶŐĂŶ Zсϭ͘ϲ
Zсϭ͘ϲ
ϯ
ůĞŵĞŶ ůĞďĂƌ;ŵͿ ƚŝŶŐŐŝ;ŵͿ WĂŶũĂŶŐ;ŵͿ sŽůƵŵĞ;ŵ Ϳ
ĂůŽŬ Ϭ͘ϱϬ Ϭ͘ϴϬ ϭϴϮϬ͘ϬϬ ϳϮϴ͘ϬϬ
<ŽůŽŵ Ϭ͘ϴϬ Ϭ͘ϴϬ ϮϮϰ͘ϬϬ ϭϰϯ͘ϯϲ
<ŽůŽŵ Ϭ͘ϴϱ Ϭ͘ϴϱ ϮϮϰ͘ϬϬ ϭϲϭ͘ϴϰ
<ŽůŽŵ Ϭ͘ϵϬ Ϭ͘ϵϬ ϭϭϮ͘ϬϬ ϵϬ͘ϳϮ
ϭϭϮϯ͘ϵϮ
sŽůďĞƚŽŶ с Ϯ͘ϭϮ ŬĂůŝsŽůďĞƚŽŶZсϴ͘ϱ

<ƵƌǀĂ ƐƉĞĐƚƌƵŵ
;ƐĞƐƵĂŝ ĚĞŶŐĂŶ ƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĂŶͿ
<ƵƌǀĂ ŬĂƉĂƐŝƚĂƐ ƐƚƌƵŬƚƵƌ
 ŝ с Ϭ͘ϯϵй

ŶĂůŝƐŝƐ WƵƐŚŽǀĞƌ
^ƚƌƵŬƚƵƌĚĞŶŐĂŶ Zсϰ͘ϴ
Zсϰ͘ϴ
ůĞŵĞŶ ůĞďĂƌ ƚŝŶŐŐŝ WĂŶũĂŶŐ sŽůƵŵĞ
ĂůŽŬ Ϭ͘ϰϬ Ϭ͘ϳϬ ϭϴϮϬ͘ϬϬ ϱϬϵ͘ϲϬ
<ŽůŽŵ Ϭ͘ϲϬ Ϭ͘ϲϬ ϯϯϲ͘ϬϬ ϭϮϬ͘ϵϲ
<ŽůŽŵ Ϭ͘ϳϬ Ϭ͘ϳϬ ϮϮϰ͘ϬϬ ϭϬϵ͘ϳϲ
ϳϰϬ͘ϯϮ
sŽůďĞƚŽŶ с ϭ͘ϰϬ ŬĂůŝsŽůďĞƚŽŶZсϴ͘ϱ
 ŝ с ϭ͘ϯϱй

ŶĂůŝƐŝƐ WƵƐŚŽǀĞƌ
^ƚƌƵŬƚƵƌĚĞŶŐĂŶ Zсϴ͘ϱ
Zсϴ͘ϱ
ůĞŵĞŶ ůĞďĂƌ ƚŝŶŐŐŝ WĂŶũĂŶŐ sŽůƵŵĞ
ĂůŽŬ Ϭ͘ϯϬ Ϭ͘ϲϬ ϭϴϮϬ͘ϬϬ ϯϮϳ͘ϲϬ
<ŽůŽŵ Ϭ͘ϲϬ Ϭ͘ϲϬ ϱϲϬ͘ϬϬ ϮϬϭ͘ϲϬ
ϱϮϵ͘ϮϬ
 ŝ с Ϯ͘ϱϲй

Zсϭ͘ϲ
ϯ
ůĞŵĞŶ ůĞďĂƌ;ŵͿ ƚŝŶŐŐŝ;ŵͿ WĂŶũĂŶŐ;ŵͿ sŽůƵŵĞ;ŵ Ϳ
ĂůŽŬ Ϭ͘ϱϬ Ϭ͘ϴϬ ϭϴϮϬ͘ϬϬ ϳϮϴ͘ϬϬ
<ŽůŽŵ Ϭ͘ϴϬ Ϭ͘ϴϬ ϮϮϰ͘ϬϬ ϭϰϯ͘ϯϲ
<ŽůŽŵ Ϭ͘ϴϱ Ϭ͘ϴϱ ϮϮϰ͘ϬϬ ϭϲϭ͘ϴϰ
<ŽůŽŵ Ϭ͘ϵϬ Ϭ͘ϵϬ ϭϭϮ͘ϬϬ ϵϬ͘ϳϮ
ϭϭϮϯ͘ϵϮ
sŽůďĞƚŽŶ с Ϯ͘ϭϮ ŬĂůŝsŽůďĞƚŽŶZсϴ͘ϱ

Zсϰ͘ϴ
ůĞŵĞŶ ůĞďĂƌ ƚŝŶŐŐŝ WĂŶũĂŶŐ sŽůƵŵĞ
ĂůŽŬ Ϭ͘ϰϬ Ϭ͘ϳϬ ϭϴϮϬ͘ϬϬ ϱϬϵ͘ϲϬ
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ϳϰϬ͘ϯϮ
sŽůďĞƚŽŶ с ϭ͘ϰϬ ŬĂůŝsŽůďĞƚŽŶZсϴ͘ϱ

Zсϴ͘ϱ
ůĞŵĞŶ ůĞďĂƌ ƚŝŶŐŐŝ WĂŶũĂŶŐ sŽůƵŵĞ
ĂůŽŬ Ϭ͘ϯϬ Ϭ͘ϲϬ ϭϴϮϬ͘ϬϬ ϯϮϳ͘ϲϬ
<ŽůŽŵ Ϭ͘ϲϬ Ϭ͘ϲϬ ϱϲϬ͘ϬϬ ϮϬϭ͘ϲϬ
ϱϮϵ͘ϮϬ
 /ŵƉůŝŬĂƐŝ ĚĂƌŝ ƉĞŶŐŐƵŶĂĂŶ ZƚĞƌŚĂĚĂƉ ŬŝŶĞƌũĂ ďĂŶŐƵŶĂŶ

Design method Structural Seismic

ductility (µ) reduction
factor (R)
Elastic design 1.0 1.6
1.5 2.4
Partially ductile design 2.0 3.2
2.5 4.0
3.0 4.8
3.5 5.6
4.0 6.4
4.5 7.2
5.0 8.0
Fully ductile design 5.3 8.5

:ŝŬĂ ŬƵƌǀĂ ŬĂƉĂƐŝƚĂƐ ƐƚƌƵŬƚƵƌ ƚŝĚĂŬ

ŵĂŵƉƵ ŵĞŶLJĞŶƚƵŚ ŬƵƌǀĂ ƐƉĞŬƚƌƵŵ ĂĚĂ
ŬĞĐĞŶĚĞƌƵŶŐĂŶ ƐƚƌƵŬƚƵƌ ĂŬĂŶ ƌŽďŽŚ