Trung tâm Luyện thi Đại học CLC QSC-45 Giảng viên: LÝ SIÊU HẢI

PART 2: SOME KEY GRAMMAR POINTS

CHAPTER 2: THE PROBLEMS OF VERB
UNIT 5: THE AGREEMENT OF SUBJECT AND VERB
Rule 1: Hai chủ ngữ số ít được liên kết bởi: (n)or, động từ phụ thuộc vào chủ từ sau (n)or.
My aunt (n)or my uncle is arriving by train today.
The serving bowl (n)or the plates go on that shelf.
Neither she nor I am going to the festival.
Rule 2: Hai chủ ngữ số ít hoặc nhiều được liên kết bởi: either/or or neither/nor, động từ phụ thuộc vào chủ từ sau (n)or.
Neither Juan nor Carmen is available.
Either Kiana or Casey is helping today with stage decorations.
Neither Jenny nor the others are available.
Neither she nor I am going to the festival.
Neither of them is available to speak right now.
Either of us is capable of doing the job.
Rule 3: Nếu chủ ngữ là các cụm từ: the majority, the majority of, a couple, the couple, động từ phụ thuộc vào danh từ sau đó.
The majority believes that we are in no danger.
The majority of the students believe him to be innocent.
A couple is walking on the path
The couple are racing their horses through the meadow.
Rule 4: Chủ ngữ là các danh từ: scissors, trousers, shorts, eyeglasses, pants, pliers, jeans, tweezers, tongs, luôn ở số nhiều,
động từ sau nó cũng ở số nhiều.
The pants are in the drawer.
Note: Nếu muốn chúng thành ngôi số ít phải dùng a pair of...
A pair of pants is in the drawer.
Rule 5: Nếu chủ ngữ là những danh từ sau đây the police/sheep/fish (luôn số nhiều, không có s / es), động từ cũng luôn số nhiều.
The sheep are breaking away
The police come only to see the dead bodies and a ruin in the bank
Rule 6: Nếu chủ ngữ là hai hoặc nhiều danh từ kết hợp nhau bởi and, động từ ở số nhiều.
A car and a bike are my means of transportation.
Note: Nếu chủ ngữ là hai danh từ kết hợp nhau bởi and, mà hai danh từ đó chỉ về là một vấn đề, động từ ở số ít.
The bread and cheese is my favorite breakfast.
Rule 7: Nếu chủ từ là hai hoặc nhiều danh từ được kết nối bởi: along with, accompanied by, together with, as well as,
besides, no less than, or, preposition (of, with, by, …) or not, động từ hòa hợp theo danh từ trước các liên từ này.
The politician, along with the newsmen, is expected shortly.
Excitement, as well as nervousness, is the cause of her shaking.
The actress, together with her manager and some friends, is going to a party tonight.
The actress or her manager is going to answer the interview.
Rule 8: Chủ ngữ là các đại từ: each, each of, everyone, every one, every one of, everybody, everything, anyone, anybody,
anything, no one, nothing, nobody, someone, something and somebody, động từ luôn ở số ít (cho dù có of)
Each of the girls sings well.
Every one of the cakes is gone.
NOTE: Everyone là một từ có nghĩa là everybody. Every one là hai từ có nghĩa là is each one.
Rule 9: Chủ từ là các từ chỉ phân từ / phân số / số chia: percent, fraction, part, some, all, none, no, remainder, động từ hòa
hợp theo danh từ sau giới từ of.
Fifty percent of the pie has disappeared. (Pie is the object of the preposition of).
Fifty percent of the pies have disappeared. (Pies is the object of the preposition).
One-third of the city is unemployed.
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One-third of the people are unemployed.
NOTE: Hyphenate all spelled-out fractions.
All of the pie is gone.
All of the pies are gone.
Some of the pie is missing.
Some of the pies are missing.
None of the garbage was picked up.
None of the sentences were punctuated correctly.
No example is relevant to this case.
Of all her books, none have sold as well as the first one.
Rule 10: Chủ từ là the number + danh từ số nhiều, động từ số ít; a number + danh từ số nhiều, động từ số nhiều
The number of people we need to hire is thirteen.
The number of days in a week is seven.
A number of people have written in about this subject.
A number of students are going to the class picnic (a number of = many).
Rule 11: Chủ từ là những danh từ thuộc hình thức V-ing hoặc nguyên mẫu (có To hoặc không To), động từ luôn ở số ít.
Dieting is very popular today.
Diet is for those who suffer from a certain disease.
To find the book is necessary for him = It is necessary for him to find the book.
Rule 12: Chủ từ là các từ: here and there chỉ nơi chốn ở đầu câu, động từ được hòa hợp theo danh từ đứng sau động từ chính
trong câu.
There are four hurdles to jump.
There is a high hurdle to jump.
Một số chú ý:
 Thành ngữ này chỉ sự tồn tại của người hoặc vật tại một nơi nào đó. Chủ ngữ thật của thành ngữ này là danh từ đi sau.
Nếu nó là danh từ số ít thì động từ to be chia ở số ít và ngược lại. (Mọi biến đổi về thời và thể đều nằm ở to be còn there
giữ nguyên)
There has been an increase in the importation of foreign cars.
There have been a number of telephone calls today.
 Các cấu trúc: there is certain/ sure/ likely/ bound to be: Chắc chắn là sẽ có
There is sure to be trouble when she gets his letter. (Chắc chắn là sẽ có rắc rối khi cô ấy nhận được thư anh ta)
Do you think there is likely to be snow? (Anh cho rằng chắc chắn sẽ có tuyết chứ)
 Trong tiếng Anh quy chuẩn hoặc văn chương một số các động từ khác ngoài to be cũng được sử dụng với there.
 Động từ trạng thái: Stand/ lie/ remain/ exist/ live
 Động từ chỉ sự đến: enter/ go/ come/ follow
There remains nothing more to be done. (Chả còn có gì ở đó nữa mà làm)
Suddenly there entered a strange figure dressed all in black. (Bỗng có một hình bóng kì lạ đi vào mặc toàn đồ đen)
There followed an uncomfortable silence. (Một sự im lặng đến bất tiện tiếp theo sau đó)
 There + subject pronoun + go/ come/ be: kìa/ thế là/ rồi thì
There he comes. (Anh ta đã đến rồi kia kìa)
There you are, I have been waiting for you for over an hour. (Anh đây rồi, tôi đang chờ anh đến hơn một tiếng rồi đấy)
 There + be + name of people: Thì có .. .. đấy thôi, nhằm để gợi ta sự chú ý đến
 There + be + always + noun: Thì lúc nào chả có .., chỉ về một giải pháp khả dĩ cho 1 vấn đề
Whom could we ask?- Well, there is James, or Miranda, or Ann, or Sue...
Where can he sleep/- Well, there is always the attic
 There was this + noun: Chính là cái ... này đấy (để mở đầu cho một câu chuyện)
There was this man, see, and he could not get up in the morning. So he ...
(Này, chính là cái anh chàng này đấy, anh ta không dậy được buổi sáng. Thế là anh ta...
 There (làm tính từ): chính cái/ con/ người ấy
Give that book there, please (Làm ơn đưa cho tôi chính cuốn sách ấy)
That there dog: Chính con chó ấy đấy

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That there girl, she broke two records of speed. (Chính cô gái ấy đấy, cô ta đã phá hai kỉ lục về tốc độ)
Rule 13: Chủ ngữ là các danh từ chỉ về: thời gian, tiền bạc, khoảng cách, trọng lượng, tên bài báo, tựa sách, quốc gia, các
loại bệnh, … (mặc dù từ đó có s / es), động từ luôn ở số ít.
Five years is a long time that he has been waiting her return.
Ten dollars is a high price to pay.
Five kilometers is a far long routine for marathon.
0ne pound of this package is 30 USD.
A War of Stars is the best book for everybody to enjoy.
United Nations consists of many countries
The Philippines has a lot of islands to combination into a country.
Cancer is difficult to treat for the old.
Rule 14: Trong một mệnh đề tính ngữ có các đại từ quan hệ như: who, that, or which làm chủ ngữ cho động từ đứng sau nó,
động từ sẽ được hòa hợp theo danh từ đứng trước các đại từ quan hệ này.
Salma is the scientist who writes/write the reports. (The word in front of who is scientist, which is singular.
Therefore, use the singular verb writes).
He is one of the men who does/do the work. (The word in front of who is men, which is plural. Therefore, use the
plural verb do).
Rule 15: Chủ từ là những danh từ chỉ tập hợp như: team, congress, organization, government, family, jury, group, army,
committee, club, minority, class, crowd, public and staff, động từ được hòa hợp ở số ít hay nhiều tùy thuộc vào nội dung
(ngữ cảnh) của từng câu..
The staff is in a meeting. (Staff is acting as a unit here).
The staff are in disagreement about the findings. (The staff are acting as separate individuals in this example).
The committee has met, and it has rejected the proposal.
Congress votes for the bill.
Congress are discussing about the bill
The sentence would read even better as:
The staff members are in disagreement about the findings.
Rule 16: Các cụm từ sau flock of birds, sheep, school of fish, herd of cattle, pride of lions, pack of dogs chỉ về một nhóm
động vật hoặc gia súc cho dù sau giới từ of là danh từ số nhiều thì động từ vẫn chia theo ngôi chủ ngữ chính.
The flock of birds is circling overhead.
The flocks of birds are circling overhead.
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A. Supply the correct form of the verb that agrees with the subject.
1. „Walking meditation‟ ......................... (be) something which you can do every day on your way to or from school.
2. Diet drinks are acidic, which ......................... (mean) that they can cause tooth decay.
3. It‟s not what you eat but when you eat that really ......................... (matter).
4. Make sure that your diet ............. (include) food with the protein, vitamins and minerals you normally get from meat.
5. In fact, in the USA it‟s believed that 25-30% of bottled water ................ (come) from tap water.
6. Neither fruit juice nor diet drinks ......................... (be) bad for you teeth.
7. A three-minute wind of this mobile phone ......................... (give) you about eight minutes of talking time.
8. Walking 10,000 steps a day (as recommended by experts) ................ (be) a great fun when using this talking pedometer.
9. Herbal medicine, treating illness and pain with natural remedies, .............. (be) the oldest system of medicine in the world.
10. Herbalists ............... (be) prepared to spend more time than modern doctors with patients so they can treat them as individuals.
11. People believe that fewer raindrops .................... (land) on them if they run because they spend less time in the rain.
12. I think the society in the East ......................... (be) essentially more conservative – look at the position of woman.
13. When you are a film extra, most of the time ......................... (spend) waiting for things to happen, so be prepared to get
cold, hungry and bored.
14. Philip Pullman found that the amount he could write comfortably every day ......................... (be) about three pages.
15. The speed of light ......................... (be) an amazing 300,000 kilometers a second.
16. At 6,380 kilometers, the distance from the surface of the Earth to the center ......................... (be) nearly as far as from
New York to Moscow.
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17. A kilometer below the sea bed the water ......................... (meet) molten rock, ......................... (heat) and .........................
(come) back up again.
18. Louis Pasteur discovered that there ................. (be) germs called bacteria in the air which caused liquids to turn sour.
19. A recent survey shows that the British ......................... (see) as the world‟s worst tourists.
20. Traditional African culture, with its emphasis on oral storytelling, ......................... (encourage) phone use as a means of
social and family contact.
21. The average Nigerian ......................... (use) his or her mobile for 200 minutes a week, compared to 154 minutes per
week in France and 88 in Germany.
22. About half of the world‟s languages ............... (die) out during the next century: that‟s 3,000 languages in 1,200 months.
23. For people in Britain today, the chief significance of the prehistoric period (for which no written records exist)
......................... (be) its sense of mystery.
24. The sense of mystery finds its focus most easily in the astonishing monumental architecture of the prehistoric period, the
remains of which ......................... (exist) throughout the country of Britain.
25. The significant changes that took place in the twentieth century in Britain ......................... (mention) in many books
about British Culture.
B. Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed in order to make the sentence correct.
1. (A) Neither his parents (B) nor his teacher (C) are satisfied (D) with his result when he was at high school.
2. Daisy was the (A) only one (B) of those girls (C) that (D) get the scholarship.
3. (A) Working (B) provide people (C) with personal satisfaction (D) as well as money.
4. (A) Either the doctor or the nurses (B) takes care of (C) changing the (D) patients‟ bandages.
5. (A) Every student who (B) majors in English (C) are ready to participate (D) in the oratorical contest.
6. One (A) hundreds eight (B) thousand miles (C) is the speed (D) of light.
7. The guest of honors, along with (A) his wife and children, (B) were sitting (C) at the first table (D) when we had a party
yesterday.
8. (A) The audience (B) was enjoying (C) every minute of the (D) performance.
9. (A) All the books (B) on the top shelf (C) belongs to (D) me.
10. (A) Five thousand pounds (B) were stolen (C) from (D) the bank.
11. (A) Happiness and success (B) depends (C) on (D) yourself.
12. (A) The loss (B) of her husband and (C) two of her sons (D) were too much for her.
13. David (A) and his brother was indicted (B) yesterday (C) on charges of (D) grand theft.
14. Current (A) research on AIDS, in spite of the best (B) efforts of hundreds of scientists, (C) leave serious questions (D)
unanswered.
15. Everyone (A) have to plan a program that (B) fits into the day‟s schedule and that (C) allows for good (D) exercise and
appropriate rest.
C. Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed in order to make the sentence correct.
1. Not only the child, but also the grandparents ............................
A. is joining B. joins C. were joining D. has joined
2. The number of people at the exhibit ............................ amazing.
A. are B. were C. was D. has
3. Either of my parents or my brother ............................
A. has coming B. have come C. are coming D. is coming
4. None of the information ............................ made public.
A. was B. were C. are D. have
5. How many musical notes of the 11,000 tones that the human ear can distinguish ............................ in the musical scale.
A. it is B. is it C. are there D. there are
6. The teacher, along with his students, ............................ the procession.
A. are watching B. is watching C. have watched D. were watching
7. The Japanese ............................ famous for their beautiful gardens.
A. are B. is C. it D. there
8. The new manager, accompanied by his wife, ............................ arriving today.
A. are B. is C. were D. was
9. French ............................ in parts of Cananda.
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A. is speaking B. are spoken C. is spoken D. speaks
10. The team ............................ going back to their homes.
A. is B. do C. has D. are
11. Every man and a woman ............................ the right to vote.
A. have B. has C. are D. is
12. Most of our furniture ............................ in storage.
A. is B. are C. has D. does
13. Nine of every ten people in the world ............................ in the country in which they were born.
A. living B. they are living C. lives D. live
14. The average temperature of rocks on the surface of the earth ............................ 550F.
A. be B. been C. is D. are
15. In the ocea, ............................ more salt in the deeper water.
A. is there B. there is C. are there D. there are
16. There ............................ ten people in line already when we arrived.
A. is B. was C. were D. are
17. More than half of the pollution in this river ............................ from industrial waste.
A. comes B. come C. have come D. are coming
18. The smallest flying dinosaurs ............................ about the size of a robin.
A. was B. are C. have D. been
19. My new pair of pants ............................ at the cleaners.
A. be B. have been C. are D. is
20. The police ............................ on the alert for the escaped convict.
A. can B. been C. are D. be
21. Everyone who ............................ into the woods should recognize common poisonous plants such as poison ivy and
poison oak.
A. goes B. go C. went D. gone
22. The number of chromosomes in a cell ............................ from species to species.
A. vary B. varies C. varying D. to vary
23. Neither Mary nor her friends ............................ going to the party.
A. is B. was C. are D. A or B
24. The battery, along with the alternator and starter, ............................ up the eclectrical system of a car.
A. have made B. made C. make D. makes
25. Your are right when you suggested I ............................ my intuition in this business deal. I did, It worked.
A. follow B. followed C. were to follow D. had followed
26. Each of the Ice Ages ............................ more than a million years long.
A. is B. was C. are D. were
27. The production of different kinds of artificial materials ................... essential to the conservation of our natural resources.
A. are B. were C. is D. have been
28. His knowledge of languages and international relations ............................ him in his present work.
A. aids B. aid C. have aided D. had aided
29. There ............................ never been an environmental disaster of this magnitude.
A. has B. have C. are D. is
30. I‟m happy that everything ............................ in its place.
A. are B. is C. been D. have
31. One of my best friends ............................ five credit cards.
A. have B. does C. has D. do
32. Far too few of us ............................ financial discipline.
A. have B. be C. are D. has
33. Both viruses and genes ............................ made from nucleoproteins.
A. is B. has been C. were D. are
34. Mary, accompanied by her brother on the piano, ............................ very well received at the talent show yesterday.
A. were B. was C. have been D. has been
35. Much of what you were told ............................ inaccurate.
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A. are B. did C. done D. was
36. None of the work ............................ completed.
A. have been B. have done C. has been D. are be
37. Both the whale and the manatee ............................ federal protection.
A. needs B. need C. is needed D. needing
38. Three swimmers, Paul, Ed, and Jim, ............................ now in competition for medals.
A. is B. has been C. had been D. are
39. It ............................ these questions that are difficult.
A. are B. was C. is D. has
40. The facilities at the new research library, including an excellent microfilm file .................. among the best in the country.
A. are B. is C. has been D. was
41. Fruit and vegetables ............................ good for you.
A. is B. are C. does D. done
42. The staff ............................ in the conference room at the moment.
A. were meeting B. is meeting C. are meeting D. meet
43. Many parts of our once beautiful city ............................ to look like mini garbage dumps.
A. is starting B. do started C. has started D. are starting
44. The radiation levels from a computer display terminal ............................ well below presently accepted.
A. is B. are C. has been D. was
45. The first two problems are very difficult, but the rest ............................ easy.
A. are B. was C. were D. is
46. The news ............................ quite alarming.
A. are B. was C. have D. were
47. Four miles ............................ on the odometer.
A. have been recorded B. has been recorded C. have recorded D. has recorded
48. Thirty – five dollars ............................ too much for this shirt.
A. is B. are C. were D. will
49. Neither the local environmentalists nor the mayor ............................ a plan that will satisfy everyone.
A. have B. are C. is D. has
50. A number of graduates ............................ scholarships from this department.
A. have received B. has received C. are received D. receives
51. Most of the rooms in the hotel ............................ air – conditioning.
A. has B. have C. having D. are
52. Mathematics ............................ very interesting to me.
A. are B. have been C. is D. were
53. Twenty dollars ............................ the price.
A. are B. is C. being D. were
54. Pollution together with water erosion ............................ its toll on the building.
A. are taking B. is taking C. have taking D. have taken
55. Several pets, two dogs and a cat ............................ to be taken care of while we are gone.
A. need B. needing C. neede D. needs
56. Miss White.................... her parents is going to pay a visit to the Great Wall.
A. and B both C. as well as D. or
57. The manager or his secretary .................... to give you an interview.
A. is B. are C. were D. have
58. Those who .................... to go with me, please raise your hand.
A. want B. wants C. wanting D. are wanting
59. The United States .................. between Canada and Mexico.
A. lying B. lies C. lain D. lie
60. Writing a lot of letters .................. her tired.
A. makes B. make C. have made D. are making
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