722010 | de Stancardizare din Romania, MC-BAUCHEMIE S Asoc ICS 01.040.91; 91.080.40 SR EN 1504-9 STANDARD ROMAN Februarie 2009 APROBARE CORESPONDENTA Produse gi sisteme pentru protectia si repararea structurilor de beton Definitii, conditii, controlul calitatii si evaluarea conformitatii Partea 9: Principii generale pentru utilizarea produselor si sistemelor Products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete structures. Definitions, requirements, quality control and evaluation of conformity. Part 9: General principles for the use of products and systems Produits et systémes pour la protection et la reparation de structures en béton. Definitions, exigences et maitrise de la qualité et évaluation de la conformité. Partie 9: Principes généreux d'utlisation des produits et systémes Acrobat de Directorul General al ASRO la 27 februario 2009 Standardul european EN 1504-9:2008 a fost acoptat prin metoda notei de confirmare si are statutul unui standard roman Inlocuieste SR ENV 1504-9:2003 Acest standard este identic cu standardul european EN 1504-9:2008, This stendard is identical with the European Standard EN 1504-92008 La présente norme est identique A la Norme Européenne EN 1504-9:2008, ASOCIATIA DE STANDARDIZARE DIN ROMANIA (ASRO) ‘Str, Merdteleev ny, 21-25, cod 010362, Bucuresti Divector Genera: Tel: +40 21 316 32 96, Fax: +4021 316 08 70 Directia De Standerdzare: Tel +40 21 510 17 30, +40 21 310 4308, +4021 312 47 44, Fox: +40 21 318.58 70 Direciia Pubicati - Serv. VAnzéribonamente: Te, +40 21.316 77 25, Fax + 40.21 317 25 14, +4021 312 84 00 Seni icul Recacie - Marketing, Drepiut de Autor + 40 21 315.9874 OASRO Reoroskcores sau ullanroa integra aaa parla prezentld Siandara tone publealT aT pri ace DOSeaSO (Clectronie, mecanis,otocepiere, miciofimare & | este nies cach nu exsle acordU sets g ABO. Ref. SREN 1804-9:2009 Edita 1‘Asociatla de Standardizare din Romania, MC-BAUCHEMIE SRL, 07/12/2010 EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 1504-9 NORME EUROPEENNE EUROPAISCHE NORM Septembgy 2008 168 01.040.91; 91,080.40 Supersedes ENV 1504-9:1987 Engish Version Products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete structures - Definitions, requirements, quality control and evaluation of conformity - Part 9: General principles for the use Of products and systems Produits et eystemes pour le protecton eta réearaion do Produkte ung Systeme for den Sehute une dis _stustures en béten« Dethitons, exigeces at mailise oe Inatandoctzung vor Betontatgwerkan- Dotniionen, ‘qualité ct evaluation oo & contomnte- Parle & Precies Anferdenangen, Queltitsibersactung urd Seuneluny Cor ‘énovaux futlsation Ges procuts et systamon Konfermitat- Tel 8: Allgomehie Grunieatae re ‘Anwendung ven Precukten und Sysiemen This European Standard was aporoved by CEN on 27 uly 2008, Sanaa in tana ra ae et the CEXICENELEG Ital Reultons whch stpulte fe condone fer yg is Europoon Sancta may oe aoe SNR! wou 2m ation Upo-dn Ins and Sutphen Siena eae ee “Sandie may be ebteinedon appication 9 fe GEN Alanagernor’Gartreoriouny Gen ree Peer re capone og REEL to2 ofl versons(Erolth Frereh, Gomme). Aversionin ary other anguage made by translation chica eons iY AGEN member itis cum languane and votes the GEN Manager ce stalusas the ‘fal versione, aren Gomant resulena Sandards bodes usta, algun, Sugar, Cyrus, Cach Regt, Cermak, Extn Finan, Fomnia Sreny rence, Hungan,teand, Fann, tay Lawl, ituaa, nsboun ene Recon Nomay, Poland, Poruga, Romaria, Sovak, Slovenia, pain, Sweden, Switzerland and United ntons ae EUROPEAN COMMITTEE For STANDARDIZATION COMITE EUROPEEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPAISCHES KOMITEE SOR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue do Stassart. 93 6.1050 brussels (©2000 CEN At gms of explctaton in any fom and by any masns reeorved Fel, No. EN 150a-0:20¢8, ~wovdnie for GEN natoral Meron,o7n2a010 go pape ‘a de Stancardizare din Romania, MC-BAUCHEMIE § Asoc EN 1504-9:2008 (E) Contents Page Foreword.. Introduction .. 1 Scope Normative reference: Terms and definitions .. en safety... Assessment of defects and their causes... : Protection and repeir within a structure management strategy General Options . Factors. Choice of appropriate strategy. Basis for the ch General Principles an 1ods of protection and repair. Properties of products and systems required for compliance with the principlos of protection and repair. ¥ General Methods which do not make use of specific products and systern Maintenance following completion of protection and repair Health, safety and the environment... 10 Competence of personnel. Annex A (informative) Introduction Ad A2 A3 AA AS Ag for the choice of protection and repair principl AT Properties of products and systems required for compliance protection and repair A8 Maintenance followin. AQ Health, safety and e1 A10 Competence of parsonnel Bibliography...‘Asoclatia de Standercizare din Romania, MC-BAUCHENIE SRL, 07/12/2010 EN 1504-9:2008 (E) Foreword ralsctaument (EN 1504-9:2008) has been prepared by Technical Commitee CEWre 104 “Concrete ana ‘lated products’ the seoretarat of whichis held by DIN, I has been prepared by Sub-commitee 8 "Products and sysiame for the protection and repair of concrate Structures’ (Secretariat AFNOR), This document supersedes ENV (504.0: 1907, Modifications to ENV 1504-9:1987 are: ®) Slatus of document changed form neexstandard to standerd; 5) Editorial and technical modifications in those cases where necessary, documents one part ofthe Eurozean Standard on “Produels and ‘SySlems for the protection and repeir of are listed bole e® — Detitons, requirements, qually contol and evekntn co conformity”. The other parts are listed below: — Part t: Definitions — Part 2: Surface protection systems for concrete — Past 3; Stuctural and non-structural repair — Part 4: Structural bonding — Part 5: Conerete injection — Part 6: Anchoring of reinforcing steel par — Part 7: Reintorcement corrosion pretection — Fart 8: Quality cenirel and evaluation of contormity ~~ Part 10: Ste anpkcation of produete and systems and quality control oF the works According to the Tesmaltetnal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following Countries are bound to in Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Geoee Republic, Denmark, Estonia, many. Steece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, llaly, Latvia Lithuania, Luxembourg, Mi ‘ Poland, Porugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain’| arn2i2010 '@ de Standardizare din Romania, MC-BAUCHEMIE£ Aso EN 1504-9:2008 (E) Introduction Protection and repair of concrete structures require complex design work. This European Standard defines the Seterbratng rolection and repair of concrete siructures which have eutforod or may suffer damage or Terese ion aNd Gives quidanca on the selection of products end systems which are eppropriate ter the intenced use. This European Stendard identities key stages in the repair process. — assessment of the condition of the structure; identification of the causes of deterioration; — deciding the options for protection and repatr; — selection of the aparopriate principle(s) of protection and repair — selection of methods; — definiton of properties of products and systeme; — specification of maintenance requirements folloving protection and repair. arma rea Standard contains an Annex A (Informative) which provides guidance and background information on the Normative textNC-BAUCHEMIE SRL, 07/12/2010 de Standardizare ein Rom Asozia EN 1504.9:2008 (E) 1 Scope This Part of EN 1504 sets out basic considerations for ppeciication of protection and repzir of reinforced and sreenteced concrete structures (incuding, for example, pavements Tunways, floor slabs and pre-stressed Sitictres) vsing products and systems spectiad in oher Pore vr we EN 1504 series or any cther relevant European Standard or European Technical Approval, The European Standaré covers atmesphericaly exposed, buried and submerged structures, This European Standard includes: ®) the need for inspection, testing and assessment before and ater repair, 5) protection from causes of defecis and their repair in concrete Structures, Causes of such defects May include: 1 iymechanical actons, e.g, impact, overioacing, movement caused by settioment, blast, vibration and ssiemic actions; 9) Physical actions, 0.9, freeze-thaw, thermal cracking, moisture movement, salt crystallisation and erosion; 4) fire damage: 5) reinforcement corrosion resulting from, py) Physical loss of tho protective concrete cover; ereimical lass of alkalinity in the protective conerate cover as a vesuit Of reaction with almospherc carbon dioxide (carbonation), iy chloride (or other chemical) contamination of the concrete: iv) Stay electrical currents conducted or induced in the Feinforcement from neighbouring electrical installatons ©) epi of defects caused by inadequate esign, specication or Construction of use of unsuitable ‘construction materials, ©) providing the required structural capacity by 1) replacement or aaition of embedded or external reinforcement, 2) filing of cracks ane voids within or between elements to ensure structural continuity 9) feplacement or adition of concrete or whele elemer ©) waterproofing as an integral part of protection and repair, 1) principles and methods of protection and repair, tor ‘exampie these listed in Table 1 Site application is covered in Part 10 ofthis European Standard Further background information onthe scope ofthis European Standard is Given in Annex A (Informative)EN 1504-9:2008 (E) 2 Normative references re, cOlowing referenced documents ere incispensable for the application of this document. For dated ipferences, only the edlton cited applies. For undated references, the latest ediion of tre. relerereed document (including any amerdmenis) applies. EN 206-1, Concrete — Part 1: Specification, performance, production and conformiy Feuipot-1:2005, Products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete structures — Detntions, requirements, quality control and evaluation of conformity — Part 1: Definitions EN 1504-2:2008, Products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete structures — Defntions, requirements, quality control and evaluation of conformity — Part 2: Surface protection systems for concrete EN 1804-3:2005, Products and systems for the protectian and repair of concrete structures — Definitions, requirements, quality control and evaluation of conformity — Part & Structural and non structural repair FN [804-4:2004, Products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete structures — Deftntions, requirements, quality contro! and evaluation of conformity — Part 4: Structural bonding A penk:$:2004, Products and systems for the orotecion and repair of conerete structures’ — Defintions, requirements, quality control and evaluation of conformity — Part &: Concrete injection EN 1 804-6:2006, Procuete and systems for the protection and repair of concrete structures — Demnttens, requirements, quality contro} and avalistion of conformity — Part 6: Anchoring of reinforcing stoel bar Ra T:2008. Products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete structures — Defintions, requirements, qualty control and evaluation of conformity — Part 7: Remnforcement corrosion protection Fe i2008, Products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete structures — Definitions, fequirements, quality contro! and evaluation of conformity — Pert 8: Qually control and evaluation cf conformity FEN nod: 10:2008, Products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete siructures — Definiéons, art ronet®, quality conirel and evaluation of conforrity — Part 10: Site application of products and systems and quality control of the works , a g a 2 2 a 5 z 4 = ‘ 3 3 Terms and definitions Aso ‘ot the Purposes of this document, the terms and definions given in EN 1604-4, EN 15042, EN 1604-3, EN 1804-4, EN 1904-5, EN 1504-6, EN 1504-7, EN 1504-8, EN 1504-10 ond the fallowing apply. 34 dofect unacceptable condition that may be in-built the result of dotarioraton or demage 32 design lite intended useful period of service under expected conditions of use of the conerate structure 33 maintenance recurrent or continuous measures that provide repair andlor protection 34 passivity state in wh steel in concrete does not spontaneously corrode due to a protective oxide ‘im1 MC-BAUCHEMIE SRL, 07112/2010 Asoclatia do Standardizare cin Romania, EN 1504.9:2008 (E) NOTE See A, 35 Protection ‘meafure tats intended to prevent or reduce the development of defects inthe structure 36 repair measure that is intended to rectfy defects in the structure Period over which the intended perfermance is achiaved NOTE See as, 38 substrate Surface on which a protection of reneir material isto be apalieg NOTE Seen, 4 Minimum requirements before protection and repair 4.1 General Gause 4 outlines procedures that shal De undertaken to assees the currant concition of a concrete structure before protection and repair, General guidance is given in Annex A (informative, 4.2 Health and Safety ooneiderec to be unsate, appropriate action shall be specified to make it safe Petre other protection or repair work Is undertaken iakng into acount any addtional risks that may ance from the repair work iself. Such action may incinag one Protection or repairs, the installation of support or other temporary works, or partial or even complete dencimen 4.3 Assessment of defects and their causes 2a assessment shall be made of the dofacts in the concrete Structure, their causes, and of the abiity of ine ‘conerete structure to perfarm its function The Process of assessment of the structure shall include but nol be limited to the following: 8) the Visible condlion ofthe existing concrete structure; ») testing to determine the concition of the concrete and reinforeng steel ©) the original design approach; 9) the envirorment, inciuaing exposure to contamination;Ade Standardizare din Romania, MC-BAUCHEMIES ) 67/12/2010 Aso EN 1504-9:2008 (E) ©) the history of the concrete structure, inckiding environmental exposure} 1) the conditions of use, (0.0. loading or other actions); 9) requirements for fuiure use. (8, ature and causes of detects, including combinetlons of causes, shall be identfied and recorded (see Figure 1), Azg __ Futher guidance on the effect of cesign and conettion emors on ihe durablly of the skustre is given in Aas Tag, Sbproximato extent and likely rate of increase of defects shall then ba assessed. An esimato shall be eat crater the member or concrete structure would no longer partorm ae Intended, wih ne prevent oo ‘repair measures (other than maintenance of existing systoms) appliog, Fee feSulls of the compietod assessment shall be valid at the time thal the protection and repair worke aro snares, and certed oul If, as a result of passage of ime or for any oihar reacon, there are Geatta noe tay validity of the assessment, a new assessment shall be made. Mechanica Overload Rainfall = = : = ey, | eae Chemcal_-—p Aggressive sgl e9 Hokies —y sullates, salts, eoft water) oo Fieemaltne ‘Stay currents eee Prien Lp” Sat cyeatatan Figure 1 — Common causes of defects‘Asorialla de Standercizare din Romania, MC-BAUCHENIE SRL, 07/122040 EN 1504.9:2008 (E) 5 Protection and repair within a structure managemont strategy 5.1 General Gisuse $ identifies options and factors to be considered when choosing a sirategy for tha management of the stucture, 5.2 Options ‘The following structure management options shall be takon into ‘ccount in deciding the appropriate action to ‘meet the future requirements for the life of tho structure, 8) do nothing for a cortain time but monitor: ©) revanaiyee the structural capacity, pessibly loading to downgrading in function; ©) prevent or reduce further deterieration; ©) strengthen or repair and protect allor part of the concrete structure; ©) reconstruct or replace al or part ofthe concrete structure; f) demolish all or part of the concrete structure. 5.3 Factors Factors to be considered when choosing a management Srategy mclude but are not limited to the folowing categones: a) Basic 1 2) Nove 3) 4) §) 6) 7 The intended use anc remaining service life of the structure the required pertormance of the structure ‘This may include for example fro resistance und waterightnoss the likely service Ife ofthe protection and repair works: aOR eS ,avellabiity of the atucture, permissible intemugtion to its use ane Spportunities for adetional protection, repair and montorng work Se tumber and cost of repeir cycles acceptable during the esign lite of the conerste structure; the comparative whole life cost of tne altemative Management strategies, insluging ‘eture inspection and manterance or further repair eyuer Properties and possible methods of preparation cf ne existing substrate the appearance of the protected and repaired structure. ral actions dung and aftor implementation of ine strateay:o7i2n010 ‘ade Standardizare din Romania, MC-SAUCHEMIE Aso. 2) actions how they will be resisted. ¢) Health and safety 1) The consequences of structural failure; 2) health and safety requirements; 3) the effect on occupiers or users of the structure and on thd parties, €) Environmental 1) __The exposure environment of the structure and whether it can be changed locally (check In accardance with EN 206-1); 2) the need or opportunity to protect part or all of the concrete structure, from weather, pollution, salt Spray, e’c, including protection of the substrate during the ropair work 5.4 Choice of appropriate strategy he choice of strategy for the structure shall be besed on the above assessment of the structure cliant Teapirements, and relevant provisions (e.g. sefety requltemients) valid in the place of execution. All protection Sorceng Works undertaken as part of a structure management strategy shall comply with this European Standard, A protection and repair principle or principles shall be chosen according to Clause 6, that i ) appropriate to the type, cause or combination of causes and to the oxtent of the defects; ©) appropriate to the futuro service conditions, 6 Basis for the choice of protection and repair principles and methods 6.1 General Clause 8 specifies the basie principles which shall be used, separately or in combination, to protect or repair concrete structures, NOTE Methods which do net vee products and systams covered by EN 15041 10-7 are adiressed in 7.2 6.2 Principles and methods of protection and repair 62.1 General 126 zincipls of protection ard repair are based on chemical, electrochemical or physical principles that can be weed to prevent or stabilise the deterioration of concrete or electiochemical corrosfen on the veel cane, 0" {0 strengthen the concrete structure. Table 4 containg examples of protection and repair methods which apply the principles. Only methnds whieh Seney wth the principles shall be selected, taking into account any possible undesirable consequences of applying @ Pantcular method or combination of methods under the specific eonitions ofthe individuel repai- Cther methods not described in this European Standard may be used i there is documented evidence that they comply with one or more principles, 10‘Ascciatla do Standardizare din Romanie, RC-BAUCHENIE SRL, 07/12/2040 EN 1504.9:2008 (E) ©22 Principles and methods related to defects in concrete ageiples 1 10 6 in Table + cover cefects in the concrete or concrete Structures that may be caused by the folowing actons, that may act either singly or hn combinevore 2) mechanical: 9. impact, overoading, movement caused by settlement, and blast; 5) chemical end biological €.9, sulphate attack alkali aggregete reaction; ©) physica: €.g freeze-thaw action, thermal cracking, moisture Movement, salt crystallization and erosion: 4) fire, 623 Principles and methods related to reinforcement corrosion Principles 7 to 11 in Table 1 cover reinforcement corrosion caused by: 42) physical ose of the protective concrete cover: 5) chemical loss of alkalinity in tho ¢}._ contamination of the protective ©) stray electical curents conducted or induced in the reinforcoment from neighbounng electrical installations, Where thete is existing corrosion of relnforcoment of a anger that corrosion will occur in the future, ona or "ere Principles of corrosion protection and repair (Principles to Ta is Table 1) shall be seleciee, 'n addition, the concrete itself shall be repaired, where necessary, according to Principles 1 106 "0711272010 ‘Aso. lade Standardizare din Romania, MC-BAUCHEMIE EN 1504-9:2008 (E) Table 1 — Principles and Methods for protection and repair of concrete structures Relevant partof Principle Examples of methods based on the principles: ENO bars 4.1 Hydrophobic imoregnation 1. Protection against 2 ingress 4.2 impregnation 2 4.3 Coating 2 4.4 Surface bandaging of Cracks: 4.5 Filing of cracks, 3 4.8 Transfering cracks io joints [4.7 Erecting extemal panels ¢ 1.8 Applying monibranes * 2. Moisture contro! [2.1 Hycrophobis mpregnaion 22 impregnation 2.3 Coating) 2 24 Ereciing exiemal panels 25 Electrochemical treatment 3. Concrete 3.4 Hand-opplied mortar restoration 3.2 Resesting with concrele or monar 2.3 Spraying concreje or mortar 3.4 Replacing elements 4 Stucural 4.1 Adding of replacing embaddad or extemal ranforsing bars strengthening 42 Adding reinforsoment anchored in pre-fornied or dited TOTS E ‘4.3 Bonding plato reinforcement a 44 Adding martar or conerete 3.4 = = 4.5 injecting cracks, vos or mtersicas 4.6 Filing cracks, vods or interstices 4.7 Prestessing - (post tensioning) [S_inereasing 5.1 Coating 2 Physical resistance ['5.> Impreqnation 2 5.3 Adding mortar or concrete 3 /6. Resistance to [8.1 Coating, 2 2 3. chemicals ‘8.2 impregnation mortar Of cOncrale: Preserving or | 7.1 Increasing cover with additonal mortar ar concrete restoring passivity 7.2 Replacing contarninated or carboriaied concrete ikallsation of carbonated concrete by illusion 7.5 Electrochemical chloride extraction 8 tneveaang Bi He impregnation fae | resistivity 8.2 impregnation er 8.3 Costing iz ] 8. Cathodle control [8.1 Limiting oxygen Content {al the cathode) by saturation or surface coatng 70, Catedie ] 10.7 Appiving an elBG¥ical potentat protection Ti. Control of anodic [Tit Adive coating of tha ralnfercorront z arees 111.2 Bamer coating of tha renforeement Z “11.3 Applying corrosion inhibilors in or to 8 COTES. “Those metheds inay also be opplsablato ole pinalples. Ber ce rotection and repair of concrete and reinforcement by methods not mentioned in this European Standard TRE, A2seNC8 from this European Standard of a specie method, or the application of a method te a new seaare ns Stal not be taken to mean that such a method or application Is necessanly unsaistactory, The application of methods to situations unforeseen in this European Standard, or the use of methods which do 12Asoriatin de Standordizare in Roman, MC-BAUCHEMIE SRL, o7/12:2040 EN 1504-9:2008 (E) be satstacor mental Nsiry of successtul perfomance and are rot specie in this European Standard, may be satisfactory in appropriate circumstances 7 Properties of products and systems required for compliance with the principles of protection and repair 7.4 General proacne aaghroprale methods have been chosen in accorusnee with the principles given in Clause 6, the Bo a Tees Obs ured ell be selected accordance wi eon of EN 1504-2 0-7, 88 Shown in Table 1, or otnr relevant European Slandard or aporonrene gers Technical Approvals. BA aIoes ans ascectance values cf properies in relation to specio Products and systems aro epecitied in react 2 0 -. Care shall be ‘akan that products and systems aes Undergo adversa physical or chemical ‘eactions with each other and withthe concrete struck Repair products that are part of @ system for repair shell not normally be tested indvidualy unless one or mere of He repair products are intended to meet particular pertormea? Fequirements in its own right, eNs Of ste eopicaton requirements. If on-ste application conditions anno! rezsonably EN 1504-10 gives «i be mace to fulfl tre application conditions specified try se Product or sysiem, aiternative products (ifany) oF atermatve repair prindples or methods shall be specif io Sree such a conflict. 8 Maintenance following completion of Protection and repair Unless otherwise agreed, the folowing shell be provided: 3) A reserd of the protection and repair works which have been vartied out, incliging ary test cesuite, 5) _instnictions on inspection and meintenance to be Undertaken during the remaining design life of the epaired part of the concrate structure, 9 Health, safety and the onvironment The specification for protection and repair shall comely with the requirements of relevant health and safety, ‘environmental protaction and fire regulations Or TRE, Cte is @ confit betwaen the properties of spectic Proslucts oF systems and environmental protection Orfite regulations, use shall be mace of atemnatine ‘epair Principles or methods which avoid such a contice 10 Competence of personnel rng Gurohean Siancard presupposes that personnel have {Ne Necessary skill and adequate equisment and require ene Sa". SPecify and execute the workin accor the relevaint part of EN 1504 ang the requirements of the project specification, 13| 0711222010 ‘Asoc ja de Standardizare din Romania, MC-BAUCHEMIE EN 1504-9:2008 (E) NOTE in some counties there are special Persennel involved in the diferent tasks. 14 urements regarding the level of knowiodgo, training and experience of*BAUCHEMIE SRL, 071122010 ‘Asociatia de Standardizare din Romania, MC EN 1504-9:2008 (E) Annex A (informative) Guidance and background information Foreword ‘Ths Annex provides guidance and tackground information on the normative toxt. Nhe norma S282 OF Teerence, the couse and sub-clause numbers ofthis ‘Alnex are numbered 19 miror the sections oF the normative text. Introduction qiyg, Annex defines the principles to: protecton and repair of concrete Structures that have suffered or may Siler damage er detericretion, civing guidance on eflorive ie wer intenced to reduce the risk of future Slanifeont unplanned deterioration and maintenance, tive Acene also gives guidance on the selection of Produsts and systems which are appropriate forthe intended ase Some aspects of the scope will recure specialised knowiedge and structural design. Examples include Fivclutl requirements of fre-damaged concrete, assoomany aon repair of pre-stressed concrete ane ‘Rereasing structural capacity by replacement or adction of embodceu or extemal reinforcement, £05, Sc0Re does net include non-structural constuction materiale used in conjunction with concrete, such as floor screeds or render and plaster finishes. 5) TE S80 of this Annex doss nat include detailed guidance en inspection, testing and ®) ande) In well designed and conetrucied concrete Structures built to EN 1902-1-4, prEN 13670 and EN 206-1, the conerate cover should normally, preset reinforcement from corrosion under Sandlions of rormal exposure in natural environments, including marine environments. and wrote er icing salts are used. With older structures, wrens Standards may not have been adequate for normal exposure. In particular, nadscuste Gesign, snecificaton or construction, or cae cr tmeuitable construction materials, may lead 1 ooo quality cover concrete, poor May cae ane ones reduced duraaity of reinforced concrote foce A Other mecharisms may cause premature deterioration, Including fre. macharical sears < chemical’ attack, 4) FretZeproating of verical surfaces, vepourpermedbie Materials are normally used, tor °) FN 1604-10 covers site application and includes detalls of Methods of protection and repeir, syatarne Pe Preparation f the conerets and reinforcement Gere application of products and systems, 15)o7H2010 ‘Aso. Ja de Standardizare din Romania, MC-SAUCHENIE { EN 1504-9:2008 (&) A.2 Normative reference See Clause 2 and Bibliography, A.3 Terms and definitions Anese Include terms that are not in common uo in construction and which have # specal meaning in this Annex. A.3.1 Passivity loeay iinforcement Is surrounded by uncontaminated akeline concrete, the high alkalinity natualy present reduces iy rrrtion of 8 protecive oxide layer onthe ston surfaca, termed passivy. The layer efecivety Waters Re tsk af reinforcement contosicn to an insignticant level, despite the simultancous oracence or water and oxygen. Taare reection afforded by he protective oxide layer Is lost when the concrete carbonates fo the depth of the Tae eeinent oF when agoressive salts are present in euffiient quantities at the depth of the ieniforcenene Seegiesuts In active corrosion in tha presence of moisture and axygen, which may lead 10 cracking and Spalling of the cover. Tebrevent loss of passivity, or where passivity has bean lost, appropriate products and systems can be used ‘e-conirolcorresion of the stee!reinforcament, inline withthe princioles ofthis European Stance ra A3.2 Service Life LS formally expected that a new concrete structure of, following intervention, a protecied or repaired concrete structure will achleve ts service life without significant unplanned dotoriovaion ard marstenaree A.3.3 Substrate Sy Sieewate would normally require preparation, leaning and testing rier to the application of produets and systems for protection and repair (see EN 1504-70), A-4 Minimum requirements before protection and repair A4.1 General Seicunet 8 detailed guide to underteking @ structural apprsial or @ condition assessment of the conerete projet TO Nelp users of this Europsan Standard, Figure A.t gives an example of tne ahoces oe repair Project, 16a Stoeford edo: jeordh © yo soseyd ayy — jy ainbig post na + | | rung vector | Pees uaa | eps easag sunieg ere «| ‘asereswn «| hens eeetona | SHS FOS! 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Ja de Standardizare din Romania, MC-BAUCHEMIE & EN 1504-9:2008 (E) Aelore any repair and protection work can stan, a data collection exercise needs to be completed to esiablish {Se current condlion of the stucture, the maintenance history ard tho lksly future performance, Ideal, this HauEL Be undertaken in the context ofa structure management sirategy, which is discussed In more deral ia Clause 5. A4.2 Health and Safety ane fttuctural assessment Of deierioraled structures is governed by national standards, regulations and Suidence and Is rot ciscussed further. See also A532 (Structural factors) and A... (Heath end Safely actors) for information on the requirements before, during and after repair and protection works. Where a ‘isk to third parties exis, al loose and spalled material should be removed as part of the intial ‘survey works. A4.3 Assessment of defects and their causes A434 General Daten Cs ees backaround information on the aszosamant of defects and their causes and does not provide detailed comments on the individual cubelauses in the normative ext. A43.2 Defects and Causes Defects in concrete structures can result from inadequate design, specification, supervision, execution, and materials, including — inacequate structural design: — Inadequate mix design, insuffcent compacton, insuiicient mixing: — iinsuificient cover, —_insuificient or cefective waterproofing: — contamination, poor or reactive aggregates; — inadequate curng, Other detects may become apparent during service, including the effects of: — reinforcement corrosion; — severe climate, almospheric pollution, chlorite, carbon dioxide, aggressive chemicals; — foundation movement. impacted movement joints, overloading; — impact demage, expansion forces trom fires; — efesion, aggressive groundwater, seismic action; — stray electric currents, ‘The common causes of defects in concrete and corrosion of reinforcement are summarised in Figure 4. 18-BAUCHENIE SRL, 0742/2010 Asoclatia de Standardizare din Romania, IMC. EN 1504-9:2008 (E) A433 Condition Assessment Prior to repair work commencing, at previous information on the structur should be collated and reviewed, hen defecis are observed, additional testing end assessment Should be carried cut to establish the cause and extent of the defecis andl to predict future performarics Gughical assessment would include insitu testing for cover to Feinforcement and carsonation depth, dniled Sut Samping to doternine the chlorie ion content and eens ‘he presence of cther delsterious Sipeeanees, and cores for pnysical, chemical and potoréeh enalyses. Electrochemical tasting of the reimrescement (0.g. by half-cell potential tachnigue) may be Fequires in certain instances wnere slevated