Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • Spe

    Uploaded by

    Thayna Reis
    9 views9 pages
    spe

    Original Title

    spe

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Report this Document
    spe

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    9 views9 pages

    Spe

    Uploaded by

    Thayna Reis
    spe

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 9
    SPE 36048 OIL COMPOSITION VARIATION IN ALARGE DEEPWATER FIELO—[— SPE 38948 | Society of Peoieum Engineers Oil Composition Variation in a Large Deep Water Field Kleber Galvéo de Oliveira Padua/PETROBRAS one 127, Sac Pata Engine “his pape nen pan fe proaran ot tha Ff atm Aran and Cabaan Patlnseeigesing ereon sod anor hain e arse, Bra 30 Auge 3 ‘Sepa eT “his ager na aoa er pmartabon by an SPE Peat Connie own we a Seas cn anno mao ofa RES RS'SSENT I ea ar pre oon cerry oe wy ‘Pe eatge a slgon to punicran tenet Ea Comme ob Sect evan pene Cnc sure, ston eng any pe pet ‘Sonnorcal ppsenewtout wn cout fa Soca) of Betanam Eagar Sie "tacttone my" Se cope "Tno aioe a con cipepcuoee ‘erowedgmere 2 where are by wor ite pap ws previa fhe carwsan, SPE oneabee Renan 1X Tas Sam OS tac ero asE Ou Abstract, ‘A new computational model for the non-isothermal ‘gravitational compositional equilibrium is developed and presented ‘The mathematical formulation is based on the works of Bedrikovetsky' (gravity and temperature using irreversible thermodynamics) and Whitson? (algorithm). The computational model is validated on published data and previous simplified models. ‘An application case is presented for a reservoir ina large deep water field in Brazil, The magnitude of the calculated cil composition variations is sufficient to explain most observed data, The results suggest that the reservoir is partially connected and that the temperature effect can be as important as the gravity effect_on the oil composition variation, The changes are significant and the methodology applied is an example of the application of thermodynamic data to the evaluation of reservoir connectivity and fluid properties distribution under the conditions approaching those encountered in natural reservoirs Introduction ‘Compositional variations along the hydrocarbon column are observed in many reservoirs around the world **** ‘They may affect —_reservoir/fhuid characteristics considerably, such as viscosity, total hydrocarbon volume in place and the development of miscibility, leading to different field development strategies ‘These variations arc caused by many factors, such as gravity, temperature gradient, rock heterogencity, and hydrocarbon genesis and accumulation processes". In the cases where thermodynamic associated factors are dominant, the existent, gravitational compositional ‘equilibrium (GCE) models”"°, which do not properly account forthe temperature gradient effect, allow the explanation of ‘most observed variations. However, itis noted "that in some cases, the thermal effect could have the same order of ‘magnitude as the gravity effect. In this paper, a non-isothermal compositional ‘gravitational model is developed and presented. The model is, ‘Validated and applied to some fields in Brazil, among them a large deep water field. Statement of the Theory and Definitions ‘The formulation for calculating compositional variation under the force of gravity for an isothermal system is first given by Gibbe™ Hy (PZT) = ty Prop Zret Trap) Mi & (fbr) qa Hem BWR T WEG) IX cor crrrrrvoien @Q Si =F CEOS) vesssscssvee bose 3) T= temperature, M= mass n= depth EOS = equation of state = real gases constant ‘n= natural logarithm = gravitational acceleration Mskat", in 1920, provides an exact solution to equation (1), assuming a simplified equation of state and ideal mixing ‘Because of the oversimplified assumptions, the results suggest that gravity has a negligible effect on compositional variation in reservoir systems In, 1938, a more realistic EOS (3) is used by Sage & Lacey" in order to evaluate equation (2). At this time, the results show significant composition variations with depth and greater ones for systems close to critical conditions Schulte!’ , in 1980, sofves equation (1) using a cubic equation of ‘state (3). The results show significant compositional variation. They also suggest significant effect of the interaction coefficients and the aromatic content of the 2 PADUA, K SPE 36038, oil as well as 2 negligible effect of the EOS type Peng Robinson and Soave Redlich Kwong) on the final results. ‘A. simplified formulation, which includes separately gravity and temperature, is presented by Holt et al.” in 1983. Example calculations, limited to binary systems, suggest that thermal effects can be of the same magnitude as gravity effects In 1988, Hischberg’ discusses the influence of asphaltenes ‘on compésitional grading using a simplified two component ‘model (asphaltenes and non-asphaltenes). He concludes, for oils with oil gravity < 35°API, that compositional variations are mainly caused by asphalt segregation and the most important consequences are the large variations in coil ‘viscosity and the possible formation of tar mats. Montel & Gouel °, in 1985, present an algorithm for solving the GCE problem using incremental hydrostatic term instead of solving for pressure directly. Field case applications of GCE models are presented by Ricmens et al. *, in 1985, and Creek et al.’ in 1988. They report some difficulties in matching observed and calculated data, but at the end, it is shown that most composition variations could be explained by the effect of gravity Wheaton , in 1988, and Lee, in 1989, present GCE models which include capillary forces. ‘The later concludes ‘that the effect of capillarity can become appreciable in the neighborhood of 1 micron pore radius. In 1990, an attempt to combine the effects of gravity and temperature for a system of zero net mass flux is presented by Belery & Silva’’. The multicomponent model is an extension ‘of Dougherty & Drickamer™® work, originally developed in 1955 for binary liquid systems. The comparison of calculated and observed data from Ekofisk field in North Sea is, however, not quantitatively accurate (with or without thermal fect). ‘An extensive discussion and the formal mathematical treatment of compositional grading using irreversible thermodynamics, including gravitational and thermal fields, is presented by Bedrikovetsky’ in 1993, In the absence of the necessary information about the values of thermal diffusion coefficients, which in general are obtained experimentally only for certain mixtures in narrow ranges of pressure and temperature, simplified models are proposed. In 1994, Hamoodi et al. ‘, present a field case of a giant middle cast reservoir with arcal and vertical variation in composition, ‘A theoretical review of equilibrium formulation including gravity and thermal diffusion is given by Faissal et al.” in 1994, Unfortunately, calculations are not provided for comparing the different formulations In 1996, Firoozabadi ct al. *, investigate some major ‘mechanisms that affect the compositional variation, such as natural convection, based on a non-isothermal gravitational formulation for binary systems where the thermal diffusion terms are theoretically accounted. ‘Asa summary, the presence of the thermal gradient leads 10 redistribution of components over the depth according to the Dufour-Soret effect", It is noted that the thermal effect can hhave the same order of magnitude asthe gravity effect ‘The detailed derivations of equations for compositional grading honouring the thermal gradient are given in Refs. 1 and 21. ‘The model contains coefficients of thermal diffusion, which are hardly available from the literature. Despite the fact that experimental studies on thermodifusion

    You might also like