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Ingenieros geotécnicos[editar]
Por ello, los ingenieros geotécnicos, además de entender cabalmente los principios de la
mecánica y de la hidráulica, necesitan un claro y adecuado dominio de los conceptos
fundamentales de la geología y la geofísica. Es de especial importancia conocer las
condiciones bajo las cuales determinadas rocas fueron creadas o depositadas así como su
adecuada clasificación, su edad en millones de años, y los posteriores procesos estructurales
o diagenéticos (procesos metamórficos, de sustitución, cristalización, plegamientos,
fallamientos etc.) que han sufrido.
Partes de un movimiento en masa
La Geotécnica es una rama de la ingeniería civil que se encarga del estudio de las
propiedades mecánicas, hidráulicas y de resistencia de los suelos.
Investigan el riesgo para los seres humanos, los fenómenos ambientales naturales
o propiciados por la actividad humana tales como deslizamientos de terreno,
hundimientos de tierra, flujos de lodo y caída de rocas. Su trabajo en este tiempo
es indispensable para cualquier edificación.
Hoy día, esta rama de la Ingeniería Civil ha adquirido términos amplios que incluyen
la ingeniería sísmica, la producción de materiales geotécnicos, mejoramiento de las
características del suelo, interacción suelo-estructura y otros.
Mientras tanto en la ingeniería siga creciendo es necesario que se continúe con este
estudio, debido a su importancia para la construcción. Estos estudios realizados por
los ingenieros geotécnicos nos dan como resultados edificaciones cien por ciento
seguras y con alto índice de calidad.
ESTUDIO DE SUELOS
o Caracterización de Suelos.
o Mejoramiento de Suelos.
o Adecuación de Fundaciones.
o Diseño y Análisis de Pavimentos.
o Estabilidad de Taludes y Medidas de Mitigación.
o Anclajes y Muros de Contención.
o Estructuras de Suelos Reforzadas.
o Diseño de Fundaciones Superficiales Zapatas y Losas
o Diseño de Fundaciones Profundas. Pilotes Excavados e Hincados
o Análisis y Diseño de Presas de Tierra y Enrocado.
o Evaluación de Áreas para Material de Préstamo.
o Comportamiento de Tanques de Almacenamiento.
o Ingeniería Geotécnica de Suelos Blandos y Orgánicos.
o Análisis de Riesgos Sísmicos.
ESTUDIO DE SUELOS
ESTUDIO DE SUELOS
PLAXIS 2D is a powerful and user friendly finite element package
intended for two-dimensional analysis of
deformation and stability in geotechnical engineering and rock
mechanics. PLAXIS is used worldwide by top engineering companies and
institutions in the civil and geotechnical engineering industry. Applications
range from excavations, embankment and foundations to tunnelling,
mining and reservoir geomechanics.
The user-friendly interface guides the user to efficiently create models with a
logical geotechnical workflow. Via Boreholes users can define complex soil profiles
or geological cross-sections. In the Structures mode, structural elements, like piles,
anchors, geotextiles, and prescribed loads and displacements can be defined.
Geometry can also be imported from CAD-files. The automatic meshing procedure
creates a finite element mesh almost immediately.
With Staged Construction users can accurately model the construction process, by
activating and deactivating soil clusters and structural elements in each calculation
phase. With plastic, consolidation and safety analysis calculation type, a broad
range of geotechnical problems can be analyzed. Constitutive models range from
simple linear to advanced highly non-linear models wide range of soil and rock
behaviour can be simulated. Well proven and robust calculation procedures ensure
converging calculations and accurate results. With multi-core calculations and 64-
bit architecture PLAXIS can deal with the largest and most complex models.
Powerful and versatile post processing
The versatile Output program offers various ways to display forces, displacements,
stresses, and flow data in contour, vector and iso-surface plots. Cross-section tools
allow more detailed analysis of results. Data can be copied from tables or via
Python based scripting for further processing purposes outside of PLAXIS. The
Curve manager enables graph creation, plotting various results types from
available calculation data.
The effects of vibrations have to be calculated with a dynamics analysis when the
frequency of the dynamic load is in the order or higher than the natural frequency
of the medium. PLAXIS helps users to perform dynamic analyses in a user friendly,
efficient and accurate way.
Key Benefits
Apply simple and advanced constitutive models
All material models contain extra parameters, which take into account damping due
to material and/or geometry. Models especially useful in dynamic analysis are for
example the UBC Sand model in order to predict liquefaction. This model
calculates excess pore pressure build-up during dynamic excitation. For soils other
than liquefaction susceptible sand, the (Generalized) Hardening soil model with
small strain stiffness generally offers a good choice.
In modelling the dynamic response of a soil structure the inertia of the subsoil and
the time dependency of the load are considered. The time dependent behaviour of
the load can be assigned through harmonic, linear or table multipliers. Via table
input users can import real earthquakes signals, in order to perform meaningful
seismic design, of for example jetties or foundations. Dynamic multipliers can be
assigned independently in the x- and y-directions.
Advanced model boundary conditions
Dynamic analysis in some cases also requires some special boundary conditions.
For the benefit of 1D site response analysis, the tied degrees of freedom boundary
conditions are available in PLAXIS 2D. To reduce spurious reflections of waves
reaching the model boundaries, free-field and compliant base boundaries can be
selected.
Finite element modelling in full 3D has never been easier with a range of CAD-like
drawing tools and extrude, intersect, combine and array operations. It’s almost like
sculpting.
Key Benefits
Fast and efficient finite element model creation
The user-friendly interface guides the user to efficiently create models with a
logical geotechnical workflow. Via Boreholes users can define complex soil profiles
or geological cross-sections. In the Structures mode, structural elements, like piles,
anchors, geotextiles, and prescribed loads and displacements can be defined.
Geometry can also be imported from CAD-files. The automatic meshing procedure
creates a finite element mesh almost immediately.
With Staged Construction users can accurately model the construction process, by
activating and deactivating soil clusters and structural elements in each calculation
phase. With plastic, consolidation and safety analysis calculation type, a broad
range of geotechnical problems can be analyzed. Constitutive models range from
simple linear to advanced highly non-linear models wide range of soil and rock
behaviour can be simulated. Well proven and robust calculation procedures ensure
converging calculations and accurate results. With multi-core calculations and 64-
bit architecture PLAXIS can deal with the largest and most complex models.
Powerful and versatile post processing
The versatile Output program offers various ways to display forces, displacements,
stresses, and flow data in contour, vector and iso-surface plots. Cross-section tools
allow more detailed analysis of results. Data can be copied from tables or via
Python based scripting for further processing purposes outside of PLAXIS. The
Curve manager enables graph creation, plotting various results types from
available calculation data.
SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS
Features
Easy definition of Rock bolts in Tunnel Designer (VIP)
Modelling
Design of stable stope panels and pillars
Wellbore stability analysis
Stress changes and surface settlement due to reservoir depletion
Trim and Extend functionality
Python integration in Expert Menu (VIP)
Polar Array (VIP)
New Embedded beam behavior type: Grout Body
More control over visualization of local axes
Improved Import (VIP)
Material Models
User Defined Soil Models (VIP)
Soft Soil creep
Soft soil
Sekiguchi-Ohta, Viscid & Inviscid (VIP)
NGI-ADP model (VIP)
Mohr-Coulomb
Modified Cam Clay
Jointed Rock
HS Small strain stiffness
Calculations
Reduce required project disk space by changing the saved step
interval
New initial phase calculation type: Field Stress (VIP)
Full 64-bit release with performance improvements
Well-proven and robust calculation procedures
Pseudo-static analysis
Plastic calculation, consolidation analysis and safety analysis
Multicore computing (VIP)
Facilities for steady-state groundwater flow calculations, including
flow-related material parameters, boundary conditions, drains and
wells.
Convenient and intuitive Phase explorer
Results
Change the number of significant digits shown
Structural forces from cylindrical volume piles
Realistic assessment of stresses and displacements
GEO5
Software Geotécnico
Diseño de Excavaciones
Diseño y verificación de estructuras de contención y muros incrustados
Muros y Gaviones
Análisis completo de muros de gravedad, voladizos y prefabricados
Cimentaciones Superficiales
Capacidad portante y asentamiento de zapata continua, en franja y losas
Cimentaciones Profundas
Capacidad portante y asentamiento de pilote y grupo de pilotes
Análisis de Asentamientos
Análisis de asientos y consolidación de suelos de cimentación
Túneles y Pozos
Análisis de túneles, estructuras subterráneas, y pozos verticales.