09 Writings in Bengali and Sanskrit

9
Writings in Bengali
and Sanskrit
VOLUME 9
THE COMPLETE WORKS OF SRI AUROBINDO
© Sri Aurobindo Ashram Trust 2017
Published by Sri Aurobindo Ashram Publication Department
Printed at Sri Aurobindo Ashram Press, Pondicherry
PRINTED IN INDIA
Writings in Bengali and Sanskrit
Publisher’s Note
Writings in Bengali and Sanskrit comprises prose and poetry

written by Sri Aurobindo in Bengali and a much smaller body
of writing in Sanskrit. Both are reproduced in the original lan-
guages. All the items in this volume are related to material in
English published in other volumes of THE COMPLETE WORKS
OF SRI AUROBINDO. While the contents of those volumes are
defined by subject, period or form, the main criterion for the
inclusion of a piece in the present volume is the language in
which it was written.
The contents of this volume are divided by language into
two parts. The Bengali writings constitute most of the volume.
They are subdivided under several headings, some of which are
the titles of collections of essays published during the author’s
lifetime. The Sanskrit writings form a single series, which has
been arranged as far as possible in chronological order.
Some of the material in Bengali and all of that in Sanskrit
remained unpublished during Sri Aurobindo’s lifetime and has
been reproduced from his manuscripts. More detailed informa-
tion is given in the notes at the end of each of the two parts of
the book.
CONTENTS
[˝Áe_Á Ã[˝ªJÙXÁ
V«GÁÔ -ÊÿôˆÁy … 1
`“›]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ AEı◊ªªRÙO Y“ÁUÔXÁ … 3
EıÁÃ[˝ÁEıÁ◊c˜X›
EıÁÃ[˝ÁEıÁ◊c˜X› … 7
EıÁÃ[˝ÁG c˜ C ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁ … 54
%Á^ÔÓ %ÁV`Ô C mSyÃ^ … 62
X[˝LXΩ … 71
W˝∂ˆÇÔ C LÁTˆ›Ã^TˆÁ
W˝∂ˆÇÔ
%Á]Á„VÃ[˝ W˝∂ˆÇÔ … 77
]ÁÃ^Á … 80
%c˜·¯ÁÃ[˝ … 84
◊X[˝ ◊w¯ … 86
Y“ÁEıÁ]Ó … 88
ÿôˆ[˝‰ÿôˆÁy … 92
LÁTˆ›Ã^TˆÁ
%Á]Á„VÃ[˝ Ã[˝ÁLX›◊TÊı %ÁV`Ô … 95
◊]UÓÁÃ[˝ Y…LÁ … 101
%Á]Á„VÃ[˝ [˝w¯¤]ÁX Ã[˝ÁLX›◊TÊı %[˝ÿöˆÁ … 103
LÁTˆ›Ã^ =xÁX … 106
%Tˆ›„TˆÃ[˝ a]aÓÁ … 110
ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁÃ[˝ %UÔ … 116
◊c˜„Ã[˝Á[˝…◊] cÕ„TˆÁ … 118
ÂEıÁ◊Ã[˝Ã^Á C LÁYÁX … 120
ÂV` C LÁTˆ›Ã^TˆÁ … 124
%Á]Á„VÃ[˝ %Á`Á … 127
%Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ◊XÃ[˝Á`Á … 130
Y“ÁªJÙÓ C YÁ∏JÙÁTˆÓ … 132
}ÁT ˆ±ˆº … 136
\ˆÁ[Ã ˝Tˆ›^Ã ◊ªJÙy◊[˝VÓÁ … 140
"W˝∂ˆÇÔ' Y◊≈yEıÁÃ[˝ a+ÁVEı›Ã^
… 143
◊[˝◊[˝W˝ Ã[˝ªJÙXÁ
Y«Ã[˝ÁTˆX C X…TˆX … 243
Y…SÔTˆÁ … 244
Y…SÔ„^Á„GÃ[˝ ]«FÓ _l˘S … 245
]ÁX[˝a]Á„LÃ[˝ ◊TˆX y‘] … 248
a]Á„LÃ[˝ EıUÁ … 251
LG~Á„UÃ[˝ Ã[˝U … 252
G›TˆÁ
G›TˆÁÃ[˝ W˝∂ˆÇÔ … 259
a~ÓÁa C TˆÓÁG … 262
◊[˝`üÃ[˝÷Y V`ÔX … 266
G›TˆÁÃ[˝ \…ˆ◊]EıÁ … 270
Â[˝V C =Y◊XbV
=Y◊XbV … 327
Y«Ã[˝ÁS … 329
<`Á =Y◊XbV … 331
=Y◊Xb„V Y…SÔ„^ÁG … 334
<` =Y◊XbV … 336
Â[˝VÃ[˝cãÓ … 341
@„GüV … 347
YyÁ[˝_›
] SÁ◊_X›„V[˝›„Eı ◊_◊FTˆ … 379
[˝Á◊Ã[˝X„Eı ◊_◊FTˆ … 392
""Y“[˝wÔ¯Eı'' =„Å„`Ó ◊_◊FTˆ … 404
aÁW˝XÁ◊[˝b^Ã Eı YyÁ[˝_›
""X''„Eı ◊_◊FTˆ … 418
""a''„Eı ◊_◊FTˆ … 512
""A''„Eı ◊_◊FTˆ … 550
EıÁ◊c˜X› C Eı◊[˝TˆÁ
(EıÁ◊c˜X›)
ÿëˆY¬ … 559
l˘]ÁÃ[˝ %ÁV`Ô … 566
(Eı◊[˝TˆÁ)
%ÿˆè«ıªRÙO … 569
]c˜ÁEıÁ_ … 570
L›[˝‹ôˆ LQÕˆ … 575
a[˝ÁcÕ YÁG_ ÂTˆÁÃ[˝Á H«◊Ã[˝' W˝Ã[˝ÁTˆ_ … 579
ÈVTˆÓ … 580
EıTˆ`Tˆ ªK˜„≥VÁ[˝„µ˘... … 582
YÃ[˝Á◊LTˆ Ã[˝Á[˝S … 583
AEı◊ªªRÙO Eı◊[˝TˆÁ … 587
aÁ◊[˝y› … 590
LÁ◊G_ LXX› … 592
=bÁc˜Ã[˝S EıÁ[˝Ó … 595
Y◊Ã[˝◊`rÙ
◊ªK˜~Áe` … 647
"W˝∂ˆÇÔ' Y◊≈yEıÁÃ[˝ a+ÁVEı›Ã^ Y“[˝µ˘Á[˝_›Ã[˝ Y úˆÁaeFÓÁ … 663
TÛÓYt› … 665
s\-ktrcnA,
EvEvDA, lokA, ... 685

AZ id\ sv ... 686
BvAnF BArtF ... 687
tAE/kEsE krZm^ ... 694
sct; ym^ ... 696
ekmvAEtFy\ b} ... 699
k
{vSyopEnqd^ ... 701
`vd, ... 704
sA svA ... 707
m/A, ... 708
Note on the Texts ... 711

Sri Aurobindo at Amraoti, January 1908
[˝Áe_Á Ã[˝ªJÙXÁ
V«GÔÁ-ÂÿôˆÁy
]ÁTˆf V«„GÔ! ◊aec˜[˝Á◊c˜◊X a[[˝`Ô ◊N˛VÁ◊Ã^◊X ]ÁTˆf ◊`[˝◊Y“„^Ã ! ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ `N˛Óe`LÁTˆ
%Á]Ã[˝Á [˝Ü„V„`Ã[˝ ^«[˝EıGS ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ ]◊≥V„Ã[˝ %Áa›X, Y“ÁUÔXÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ◊ªK˜, --- £X,
]ÁTˆf, >Ã[˝ [˝Ü„V„`, Y“EıÁ` c˜C**
]ÁTˆf V«„GÔ! ^«„G ^«„G ]ÁX[˝`Ã[˝›„Ã[˝ %[˝Tˆ›SÔ c˜cÕÃ^Á L„XΩ L„XΩ ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝cÕ EıÁ^ÔÓ
Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ %ÁX≥VW˝Á„] ◊Zı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ^ÁcÕ* AcÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝C L◊XΩÃ^Á ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝cÕ EıÁ„^ÔÓ
[˝–Tˆ› %Á]Ã[˝Á, £X, ]ÁTˆf, >Ã[˝ [˝Ü„V„`, ac˜ÁÃ^ c˜C**
]ÁTˆf V«„GÔ! ◊aec˜[˝Á◊c˜◊X, ◊≈y`…_W˝Á◊Ã[˝◊S, [˝∂ˆÇÔ-%Á[˝ Tˆ-a«≥VÃ[˝-`Ã[˝›„Ã[˝ ]ÁTˆf
LÃ^VÁ◊Ã^◊X! ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ Y“Tˆ›l˘ÁÃ^ \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ Ã[˝◊c˜Ã^Á‰ªK˜, ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ ÂacÕ ]Ü_]Ã^› ]…◊wÔ¯
ÂV◊F„Tˆ =da«Eı* £X, ]ÁTˆf, >Ã[˝ [˝Ü„V„`, Y“EıÁ` c˜C**
]ÁTˆf V«„GÔ! [˝_VÁ◊Ã^◊X, ÊY“]VÁ◊Ã^◊X, p˚ÁXVÁ◊Ã^◊X, `◊N˛ÿëˆÃ[˝÷◊Y◊S \ˆ›„], ÂaÏ]Ó-
ÂÃ[˝ÏV–-Ã[˝÷◊Y◊S! L›[˝X-aeG–Á„] \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ-aeG–Á„] ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ ÊY“◊Ã[˝Tˆ Â^Áà˘Á %Á]Ã[˝Á,
VÁC, ]ÁTˆf, Y“Á„S ]„X %a«„Ã[˝Ã[˝ `◊N˛, %a«„Ã[˝Ã[˝ =VÓ], VÁC, ]ÁTˆf, c˜÷V„Ã^ [˝«◊à˘„Tˆ
ÂV„[˝Ã[˝ ªJÙ◊Ã[˝y, ÂV„[˝Ã[˝ p˚ÁX**
]ÁTˆf V«„GÔ! LGd‰`“úˆ \ˆÁÃ[˝TˆLÁ◊Tˆ ◊X◊[˝QÕˆ ◊Tˆ◊]„Ã[˝ %Á¨K˜~ ◊ªK˜_* T«ˆ◊], ]ÁTˆf,
GGXY“Á„‹ôˆ %„î %„î =VÃ^ c˜cÕ„TˆˆªK˜, ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ ÿëˆGfiÃ^ `Ã[˝›„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ◊Tˆ◊]Ã[˝◊[˝XÁ`›
%Á\ˆÁÃ^ >bÁÃ[˝ Y“EıÁ` c˜cÕ_* %Á„_ÁEı ◊[˝ÿôˆÁÃ[˝ EıÃ[˝, ]ÁTˆf, ◊Tˆ◊]Ã[˝ ◊[˝XÁ` EıÃ[˝**
]ÁTˆf V«„GÔ! `ÓÁ]_Á a[[˝Ô„aÏ≥V^ÔÓ-%_· ¯TˆÁ p˚ÁX ÊY“] `◊N˛Ã[˝ %ÁW˝ÁÃ[˝ [˝Ü\…ˆ◊]
ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ ◊[˝\…ˆ◊Tˆ, ATˆ◊VX `◊N˛aec˜Ã[˝„S %Á±¡„GÁYX Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ◊ªK˜_* %ÁGTˆ ^«G,
%ÁGTˆ ◊VX, \ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝ \ˆÁÃ[˝ ïı„µ˘ _cÕÃ^Á [˝ÜLXX› =◊Pˆ„Tˆ‰ªK˜, Aa, ]ÁTˆf, Y“EıÁ`
c˜C**
]ÁTˆf V«„GÔ! ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ a‹ôˆÁX %Á]Ã[˝Á, ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ Y“aÁ„V, ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ Y“\ˆÁ„[˝, ]c˜d
EıÁ„^ÔÓÃ[˝ ]c˜d \ˆÁ„[˝Ã[˝ =Y^«N˛ c˜cÕ* ◊[˝XÁ` EıÃ[˝ l«˘V–TˆÁ, ◊[˝XÁ` EıÃ[˝ ÿëˆÁUÔ, ◊[˝XÁ`
EıÃ[˝ \ˆÃ^**
2 [˝Áe_Á Ã[˝ªJÙXÁ
]ÁTˆf V«„GÔ! EıÁ_›Ã[˝÷◊Y◊S, X ]«â¯]Á◊_◊X ◊VG∂ëˆ◊Ã[˝, E ıYÁSYÁ◊S ÂV◊[˝ %a«Ã[˝-

◊[˝XÁ◊`◊X! y…‘Ã[˝ ◊XXÁ„V %‹ôˆfÿöˆ ◊Ã[˝Y« ◊[˝XÁ` EıÃ[˝* AEı◊ªªRÙOC Â^X %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝
L›◊[˝Tˆ XÁ UÁ„Eı, ◊[˝]_ ◊X]Ô_ Â^X c˜cÕ, AcÕ Y“ÁUÔXÁ, ]ÁTˆf, Y“EıÁ` c˜C**
]ÁTˆf V«„GÔ! ÿëˆÁ„UÔ \ˆ„Ã^ l«˘V–Á`Ã^TˆÁÃ^ ◊∂ÉˆÃ^]ÁS \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ* %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ]c˜d EıÃ[˝,
]c˜dY“Ã^Áa› EıÃ[˝, =VÁÃ[˝‰ªJÙTˆÁ EıÃ[˝, aTˆÓa·¯î EıÃ[˝* %ÁÃ[˝ %îÁ`›, ◊X‰∏JÙrÙ, %_a,
\ˆÃ^\ˆ›Tˆ Â^X XÁ c˜cÕ**
]ÁTˆf V«„GÔ! Â^ÁG`◊N˛ ◊[˝ÿôˆÁÃ[˝ EıÃ[˝* ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ ◊Y“Ã^ %Á^ÔÓ-a‹ôˆÁX, _«ä ◊`l˘Á,
ªJÙ◊Ã[˝y, Â]W˝Á`◊N˛, \ˆ◊N˛`“à˘Á, TˆYaÓÁ, [˝–°˘ªJÙ^ÔÓ aTˆÓp˚ÁX %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó ◊[˝EıÁ`
Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á LGd„Eı ◊[˝TˆÃ[˝S EıÃ[˝* ]ÁX[˝ ac˜Á„Ã^ V«GÔ◊TˆXÁ◊`◊X LGV„∂ëˆ, Y“EıÁ` c˜C**
]ÁTˆf V«„GÔ! %‹ôˆfÿöˆ ◊Ã[˝Y« aec˜ÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á [˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝Ã[˝ [˝ÁW˝Á◊[˝H¬ ◊X∂ˆÇÔ…_ EıÃ[˝*
[˝_`Á_› YÃ[˝Áy‘]› =~Tˆ‰ªJÙTˆÁ LÁ◊Tˆ \ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝ Y◊[˝y EıÁX„X, =[[˝ÔÃ[˝ Âl˘‰y,
GGX-ac˜ªJÙÃ[˝ Y[[˝ÔTˆTˆ„_, Y…Tâ◊__Á XV›Tˆ›„Ã[˝ AEıTˆÁÃ^ ÊY“„], a„TˆÓ `◊N˛„Tˆ,
◊`„î aÁ◊c˜„TˆÓ, ◊[˝y‘„] p˚Á„X Ê`“úˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á ◊X[˝Áa EıÃ[˝”Eı, ]ÁT ˆªJÙÃ[˝„S AcÕ Y“ÁUÔXÁ,
Y“EıÁ` c˜C**
]ÁTˆf V«„GÔ! %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ `Ã[˝›„Ã[˝ Â^ÁG[˝„_ Y“„[˝` EıÃ[˝* ^‹óˆ Tˆ[˝, %£\ˆ◊[˝XÁ`›
TˆÃ[˝[˝Á◊Ã[˝ Tˆ[˝, %p˚ÁX◊[˝XÁ`› Y“V›Y Tˆ[˝ %Á]Ã[˝Á c˜cÕ[˝, [˝Ü›Ã^ ^«[˝EıG„SÃ[˝ AcÕ
[˝ÁaXÁ Y…SÔ EıÃ[˝* ^‹óˆ› c˜cÕÃ^Á ^‹óˆ ªJÙÁ_ÁC, %£\ˆ-c˜‹óˆ› c˜cÕÃ^Á TˆÃ[˝[˝Á◊Ã[˝ H«Ã[˝ÁC,
p˚ÁXV›◊äY“EıÁ◊`X› c˜cÕÃ^Á Y“V›Y W˝Ã[˝, Y“EıÁ` c˜C**
]ÁTˆf V«„GÔ! ÂTˆÁ]Á„Eı YÁcÕ„_ %ÁÃ[˝ ◊[˝a#¤X Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ XÁ, `“à˘Á \ˆ◊N˛ ÊY“„]Ã[˝
ÂQˆÁ„Ã[˝ [˝gÁ≈◊W˝Ã^Á Ã[˝Á◊F[˝* Aa ]ÁTˆf, %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ]„X Y“Á„S `Ã[˝›„Ã[˝ Y“EıÁ` c˜C**
[˝›Ã[˝]ÁGÔY“V◊`Ô˜◊X, Aa! %ÁÃ[˝ ◊[˝a#¤X Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ XÁ* %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ %◊F_ L›[˝X
%X[˝◊¨K˜~ V«GÔÁY…LÁ, %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ a[[˝Ô EıÁ^ÔÓ %◊[˝Ã[˝Tˆ Y◊[˝y ÊY“]]Ã^ `◊N˛]Ã^
]ÁT ˆ„a[˝Á[˝–Tˆ c˜=Eı, AcÕ Y“ÁUÔXÁ, ]ÁTˆf, >Ã[˝ [˝Ü„V„`, Y“EıÁ` c˜C**
`“›]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ AEı◊ªRÙO Y“ÁUÔXÁÃ[˝ %X«[˝ÁV
Y“\«ˆ, Aa! Y…SÔ Âc˜ÁEı ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ cÕ¨K˜Á, ◊aà˘ Âc˜ÁEı ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ EıÁ^ÔÓ, V ªRÕÙ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á
VÁC %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ \ˆ◊N˛, Y…SÔTˆÃ[˝ EıÃ[˝ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ %Á±¡a]YÔS* %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ %µ˘EıÁÃ[˝
YU %Á„_Á◊EıTˆ EıÃ[˝* %Á]Ã[˝Á ÂTˆÁ]Á„Eı aw¯ÁÃ[˝ %W˝›`üÃ[˝Ã[˝÷„Y ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ Y“◊Tˆ◊úˆTˆ
Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜, AcÕ %Á`ÁÃ^ Â^ T«ˆ◊] AcÕ a]ÿôˆ Y ◊U[˝›Ã[˝ %W˝›`üÃ[˝ c˜cÕÃ^Á Y“EıÁ` c˜C*
\ˆÁbÁ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ AFXC %p˚Á„X \ˆÃ[˝Á, p˚Á„X =‡ˆÁ◊aTˆ EıÃ[˝*
c˜÷VÃ^ÁEıÁIl˘Á %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ %Y…SÔTˆÁÃ^ ]◊_X, £à˘ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á VÁC*
Eı∂ˆÇÔ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ V«[[˝Ô_ %l˘], a[˝_ aZı_ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ÂTˆÁ_*
Y ◊U[˝› ^‹óˆSÁÃ^ %◊ÿöˆ[Ã ˝, c˜Ác˜ÁEıÁ„Ã[˝ ◊[˝W[˝ÿˆô , --- LGd Â^X ◊[˝`Ö _TˆÁ[Ã ˝ [˝ÁaÿöˆÁX*
ATˆ ◊X◊[˝QÕˆ GÁªRÕÙ %µ˘EıÁÃ[˝ AEı]Áy T«ˆ◊]cÕ %Y„XÁVX Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁÃ[˝*
Aa, Y“Eı◊ªªRÙOTˆ EıÃ[˝ ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ ]◊c˜]Á, ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ EıÁ^ÔÓ aÁ◊W˝Tˆ Âc˜ÁEı*
`“›%Ã[˝◊[˝≥V
(`“›]Á Ã[˝◊ªJÙTˆ Prières et Méditations G–„‹öˆÃ[˝ Le 25 août 1914 TˆÁ◊Ã[˝„FÃ[˝ W˝ÓÁX◊_◊YÃ[˝ %X«[˝ÁV)
190ª8 a„XÃ[˝ £y‘[˝ÁÃ[˝ 1_Á Â] %Á◊] ""[˝„≥V]ÁTˆÃ[˝]À'' %◊Zı„a [˝◊aÃ^Á◊ªK˜_Á],
TˆFX `“›^«N˛ `ÓÁ]a«≥VÃ[˝ ªJÙy‘[˝Tˆfi %Á]ÁÃ[˝ c˜Á„Tˆ ]LfZıÃ[˝Y«„Ã[˝Ã[˝ AEıªRÙO› ÊªRÙO◊_G–Á]
◊V„_X* Y◊QÕˆÃ^Á ÂV◊F_Á] ]LfZıÃ[˝Y«„Ã[˝ Â[˝Á]Á ZıÁ◊ªRÙOÃ^Á‰ªK˜, V«ªRÙO› Ã^«„Ã[˝ÁY›Ã^ÁX
ÿóˆ›„_ÁEı c˜Tˆ* Âa◊V„XÃ[˝ ""A+ÁÃ^ÁÃ[˝'' EıÁG„L %ÁÃ[˝C Y◊QÕˆ_Á], Y«◊_a Eı◊]`XÁÃ[˝
[˝◊_Ã^Á‰ªK˜X %Á]Ã[˝Á LÁ◊X ÂEı ÂEı AcÕ c˜TˆÓÁEıÁ„â¯ ◊_ä A[˝e TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á `›H– ÊG–äÁÃ[˝
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Â^X [˝≥V«Eı-EıÁ]ÁXac˜ AEıªRÙO› a«Ã[˝◊l˘Tˆ ÂEı{Á VF_ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ %Á◊a_* £◊X_Á],
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ÂÿˆèıÁªRÙOEı YVÁUÔ YÁcÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ %Á„GcÕ body warrant-AÃ[˝ %\ˆÁ„[˝ ÂEıX %Á]Á„Eı
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EıÁÃ[˝ÁEıÁ◊c˜X› 9
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ÂEıÁX EıÁGL [˝Á ◊ªJÙ◊Pˆ ÂVFÁX [˝Á Y◊QÕˆÃ^Á Â`ÁXÁX c˜Ã^ XÁcÕ, ]Áy %_EıW˝ÁÃ[˝›Ã[˝
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◊[˝„XÁV mä TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ÿëˆÁ\ˆÁ◊[˝Eı _◊_Tˆ YV◊[˝XÓÁ„a HÃ[˝ Eı◊+Tˆ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á H«◊Ã[˝Ã^Á
Â[˝QÕˆÁX, Â`_ÀZı c˜cÕ„Tˆ [˝Á %ÁÃ[˝ ÂEıÁUÁ c˜cÕ„Tˆ EıÁGL [˝Á ◊ªJÙ◊Pˆ [˝Á◊c˜Ã[˝ Eı„Ã[˝X, ]Á„Mı
]Á„Mı ""%◊Tˆ Y“„Ã^ÁLX›Ã^, %◊Tˆ Y“„Ã^ÁLX›Ã^'' [˝◊_Ã^Á TˆÁc˜Á Ây‘GÁX„Eı a]YÔS
Eı„Ã[˝X* AcÕ Y“„Ã^ÁLX›Ã^ EıÁGLm◊_ ◊Eı TˆÁc˜Á %Á◊] LÁ◊X„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝ XÁcÕ* ÂacÕ
◊[˝b„Ã^ ÂEıÏT…ˆc˜_C ◊ªK˜_ XÁ, EıÁÃ[˝S %Á◊] LÁ◊XTˆÁ] Â^, %Á]ÁÃ[˝ [˝ÁQÕˆ›„Tˆ ◊[˝„ÿˆèıÁÃ[˝Eı
YVÁ„UÔÃ[˝ Y“ÿô«ˆTˆY“SÁ_› [˝Á bQÕˆ^„‹óˆ ◊_ä UÁEıÁÃ[˝ ÂEıÁXC EıÁGL UÁEıÁ %aêˆ[˝*
%Á]ÁÃ[˝ HÃ[˝ Tˆ~ Tˆ~ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ÂV◊F[˝ÁÃ[˝ YÃ[˝ Y«◊_a YÁ„`Ã[˝ H„Ã[˝ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝
_cÕÃ^Á ^ÁÃ^* Ây‘GÁX %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ÊªK˜ÁªRÙO ]Áa›Ã[˝ [˝Áj F«„_X, AEı[˝ÁÃ[˝ V«cÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ ◊ªJÙ◊Pˆ„Tˆ
V ◊rÙYÁTˆ Eı„Ã[˝X ]Áy, TˆdY„Ã[˝ Â]„Ã^„VÃ[˝ ◊ªJÙ◊Pˆ ◊X„Ã^ VÃ[˝EıÁÃ[˝ XÁcÕ, AcÕ [˝◊_Ã^Á TˆÁc˜Á
ªK˜Á◊QÕˆÃ^Á ^ÁX* TˆÁÃ[˝YÃ[˝ AEıTˆ_ÁÃ^ Y«◊_a ]c˜Á±¡Á„VÃ[˝ %Á◊[˝\ˆ¤Á[˝* AEıTˆ_ÁÃ^ [˝◊aÃ^Á
Ây‘GÁX ªJÙÁ YÁX Eı„Ã[˝X, %Á◊] AEı ÂYÃ^Á_Á ÂEıÁ„EıÁ C Ã[˝”ªRÙ›O FÁcÕ, ÂacÕ a«„^Á„G
aÁ„c˜[˝ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Ã[˝ÁLÍX◊TÊı ]Tˆm◊_ ^«◊N˛TÊÔı ÂVFÁcÕÃ^Á Y“◊TˆY~ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ ÊªJÙrÙÁ
Eı„Ã[˝X --- %Á◊] %◊[˝Jª Ù◊_Tˆ◊Jª Ù„w¯ AcÕ ]ÁX◊aEı ^‹óˆSÁ ac˜Ó Eı◊Ã[˝_Á]* Tˆ„[˝ ◊Lp˚ÁaÁ
Eı◊Ã[˝, XÁ c˜Ã^ `Ã[˝›„Ã[˝Ã[˝ =YÃ[˝ %TˆÓÁªJÙÁÃ[˝ EıÃ[˝Á Y«◊_„aÃ[˝ aXÁTˆX Y“UÁ, ]„XÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝C
AcÕÃ[˝÷Y %]ÁX«◊bEı %TˆÓÁªJÙÁÃ[˝ EıÃ[˝Á ◊Eı unwritten law-AÃ[˝ ªJÙT«ˆfa›]ÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó
%Á„a? %Á`Á Eı◊Ã[˝ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ YÃ[˝] ]ÁXÓ ÂV`◊c˜ÍTˆb› `“›^«N˛ Â^Á„G≥V–ªJÙ≥V– ÂHÁb
AcÕ a∂ëˆ„µ˘ [˝Ó[˝ÿöˆÁYEı a\ˆÁÃ^ Y“`¬ =xÁYX Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝X*
X›‰ªJÙ[Ã ˝ HÃ[˝m◊_ C ""X[˝`◊N˛'' %Á◊Zı„aÃ[˝ FÁXÁTˆˆ{Áa›Ã[˝ YÃ[˝ Y«◊_a ""X[˝`◊N˛''Ã[˝
AEıªRÙO› Â_Ác˜ÁÃ[˝ ◊a≥V«Eı F«◊_„Tˆ %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÂVÁTˆÁ_ÁÃ^ ^ÁÃ^* %ÁW˝H∞RÙOÁ ÊªJÙrÙÁ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á
^FX %E ıTÊıÁ^ÔÓ c˜cÕ_ TˆFX TˆÁc˜Á UÁXÁÃ^ _cÕÃ^Á ^ÁCÃ^ÁcÕ ◊PÊı c˜cÕ_* AcÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝
AEıLX Y«◊_a aÁ„c˜[˝ AEıªRÙO› ◊•ªJÙy‘^ÁX %Á◊[˝õıÁÃ[˝ Eı„Ã[˝X, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ ÂÃ[˝„_Ã[˝
Â_„[˝„_ E«ı◊úˆÃ^ÁÃ[˝ XÁ] ◊ªK˜_* %]◊X E«ı◊úˆÃ^ÁÃ^ aÁ„c˜[˝„Eı Â^ m◊_ Eı„Ã[˝ TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝cÕ
[˝Ác˜X [˝◊_Ã^Á AcÕ mÃ[˝”TˆÃ[˝ Y“]ÁS aÁX„≥V _cÕÃ^Á ^ÁX*
Y“ÁÃ^ aÁ‰QÕˆ AGÁÃ[˝ªRÙOÁÃ[˝ a]Ã^ %Á]Ã[˝Á [˝ÁªRÙO› c˜cÕ„Tˆ ^ÁyÁ Eı◊Ã[˝_Á]* ZıªRÙO„EıÃ[˝
[˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ Â]„aÁ ]c˜Á`Ã^ A[˝e `“›^«N˛ \…ˆ„Y≥V–XÁU [˝a« GÁQÕˆ›„Tˆ =Y◊ÿöˆTˆ
◊ªK˜„_X* Â]„aÁ ]c˜Á`Ã^ %Á]Á„Eı ◊Lp˚ÁaÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„_X, ""ÂEıÁXÀ %YÃ[˝Á„W˝ ÂG–äÁÃ[˝
c˜cÕ„_?'' %Á◊] [˝◊__Á], ""%Á◊] ◊EıªK«˜cÕ LÁ◊X XÁ, cÕc˜ÁÃ[˝Á H„Ã[˝ Y“„[˝` Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^ÁcÕ
ÊG–äÁÃ[˝ Eı„Ã[˝X, %Á]ÁÃ[˝ c˜Á„Tˆ c˜ÁTÊı◊QÕˆ ÂVX, [˝◊Qˆ CÃ^Á„Ã[˝∞RÙO ÂVFÁX XÁcÕ*'' Â]„aÁ
]c˜Á`Ã^ c˜ÁTÊı◊QÕˆ c˜Á„Tˆ ÂVCÃ^ÁÃ[˝ EıÁÃ[˝S ◊Lp˚ÁaÁ EıÃ[˝ÁÃ^ ◊[˝„XÁV [˝Á[˝« [˝◊_„_X,
""]c˜Á`Ã^, %Á]ÁÃ[˝ %YÃ[˝ÁW˝ XÁc˜,O %Ã[˝◊[˝≥V [˝Á[˝„« Eı ◊Lp˚ÁaÁ Eı[Ã ˝”X, %Á◊]cÕ aÁ„c˜[˝„Eı
[˝◊_Ã^Á c˜ÁTÊı◊QÕˆ F«_ÁcÕÃ^Á ◊X_Á]*'' \…ˆ„YX [˝Á[˝« %YÃ[˝ÁW˝ ◊Lp˚ÁaÁ EıÃ[˝ÁÃ^ mä
]c˜Á`Ã^ XÃ[˝c˜TˆÓÁÃ[˝ W˝ÁÃ[˝Á ÂVFÁcÕ„_X; cÕc˜Á £◊XÃ^Á \…ˆ„YX [˝Á[˝« ÿôˆ◊êˆTˆ c˜cÕ„_X, %ÁÃ[˝
ÂEıÁXC EıUÁ [˝◊_„_X XÁ* Y„Ã[˝ £◊X_Á], %Á]ÁÃ[˝ a◊_◊aªRÙOÃ[˝ `“›^«N˛ c˜›„Ã[˝≥V–XÁU
Vw¯ ÊG– r—Ù›‰ªRÙO %Á◊aÃ^Á FÁXÁTˆ{Áa›„Tˆ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ Y„l˘ =Y◊ÿöˆTˆ UÁ◊Eı[˝ÁÃ[˝ cÕ¨K˜Á
Y“EıÁ` Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜„_X, Y«◊_a TgˆÁc˜Á„Eı ◊ZıÃ[˝ÁcÕÃ^Á ÂVÃ^*
%Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ◊TˆXLX„Eı UÁXÁÃ^ _cÕÃ^Á ^ÁCÃ^Á ◊[˝„XÁV [˝Á[˝«Ã[˝ \ˆÁÃ[˝* UÁXÁÃ^ ◊Tˆ◊X
%Á]Á„VÃ[˝ a„Ü ◊[˝„`b \ˆV– [˝Ó[˝c˜ÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„_X* ÂacÕFÁ„XcÕ ÿoˆÁX C %Ác˜ÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á
_Á_[˝ÁLÁ„Ã[˝ Ã[˝CXÁ c˜cÕ_Á]* _Á_[˝ÁLÁ„Ã[˝ Eı„ÃÊı H∞RÙOÁ [˝aÁcÕÃ^Á Ã[˝Ã^QÀˆ r—Ù›‰ªRÙO _cÕÃ^Á
^ÁÃ^, ÂacÕ £\ˆ ÿöˆÁ„X aµ˘ÓÁ Y^ÔÓ‹ôˆ EıÁªRÙOÁcÕ_Á]* Ã[˝Ã^QÀˆ r—Ù›‰ªRÙO ◊Qˆ‰ªRÙOEÀı◊ªRÙO\ˆ Y«Ü[˝
Â]Ï_[˝› `Á]Àa-=_-%Á_„]Ã[˝ a◊c˜Tˆ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ Y“U] %Á_ÁY C Y“›◊Tˆ ÿöˆÁYX c˜Ã^*
Â]Ï_[˝› aÁ„c˜„[˝Ã[˝ TˆFX TˆTˆ Y“\ˆÁ[˝ C =daÁ„c˜ÁVÓ] c˜Ã^ XÁcÕ, Â[˝Á]ÁÃ[˝ ]Á]_ÁÃ[˝
Y“W˝ÁX %„XübSEıÁÃ[˝› ◊Eı∂ëˆÁ XªRÙO¤X aÁ„c˜„[˝Ã[˝ prompter [˝Á L›[˝‹ôˆ ÿˆÇÃ[˝S`◊N˛Ã[˝÷„Y
◊Tˆ◊X TˆFX ◊[˝Ã[˝ÁL Eı„Ã[˝X XÁcÕ, Ã[˝Á]aVÃ^ [˝Á[˝«cÕ TˆFX AcÕ ]Á]_ÁÃ[˝ Y“W˝ÁX YÁâ¯Á*
Â]Ï_[˝› aÁ„c˜[˝ %Á]Á„Eı W˝∂ˆÇÔ a∂ëˆ„µ˘ %◊Tˆ`Ã^ aÃ[˝a [˝N ˛TˆÁ £XÁcÕ„_X* ◊c˜≥V«W˝∂ˆÇÔ
C cÕaÀ_Á] W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ AEıcÕ ]…_]‹óˆ, ◊c˜≥V«„VÃ[˝ C·¯Á„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ◊≈y]ÁyÁ % = ], ÂEıÁÃ[˝Á„SÃ[˝
Y“U] ◊TˆX %l˘Ã[˝ % _ ], \ˆÁbÁTˆ„√º¯Ã[˝ ◊XÃ^„] "_'-AÃ[˝ [˝V„_ "=' [˝Ó[˝c˜ÁÃ[˝ c˜Ã^,
%TÂ[˝ ◊c˜≥V« C ]«a_]Á„XÃ[˝ AEıcÕ ]‹óˆ* TÛÁ◊Y ◊X„LÃ[˝ W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ YÁUÔEıÓ %l«˘|
Ã[˝Á◊F„Tˆ c˜Ã^, ]«a_]Á„XÃ[˝ a„Ü %Ác˜ÁÃ[˝ EıÃ[˝Á ◊c˜≥V«Ã[˝ Y„l˘ ◊X≥VX›Ã^* aTˆÓ[˝ÁV›
c˜CÃ^ÁC W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ AEıªRÙO› Y“W˝ÁX %Ü* aÁ„c˜[˝Ã[˝Á [˝„_X %Ã[˝◊[˝≥V ÂHÁb c˜TˆÓÁEıÁÃ[˝›
V„_Ã[˝ ÂXTˆÁ, \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ[˝„bÔÃ[˝ Y„l˘ cÕc˜Á [˝QÕˆ V«fF C _#ÁÃ[˝ EıUÁ, Tˆ„[˝ aTˆÓ[˝Á◊VTˆÁ
Ã[˝l˘Á Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝„_ situation saved c˜Ã^* Â]Ï_[˝›Ã[˝ V ªRÕÙ ◊[˝`üÁa, ◊[˝◊YX YÁ_
C %Ã[˝◊[˝≥V ÂHÁ„bÃ[˝ XÓÁÃ^ =¨JÙªJÙ◊Ã[˝y◊[˝◊`rÙ [˝Ó◊N˛GS ^Ác˜ÁcÕ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á UÁE«ıX, TˆÁc˜Á
]«N˛Eı„¢ˆ ÿëˆ›EıÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝X* `“›^«N˛ Y…SÔªJÙ≥V– _Á◊c˜QÕˆ› TÛÁÃ^ =Y◊ÿöˆTˆ ◊ªK˜„_X, ◊Tˆ◊X
AcÕ a∂ëˆ„µ˘ a„≥Vc˜ Y“EıÁ` Eı◊Ã[˝„_X, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ Â]Ï_[˝› aÁ„c˜[˝ ◊X„LÃ[˝ ]Tˆ ªK˜Á◊QÕˆ„_X
XÁ* TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ◊[˝VÓÁ-[˝«◊à˘ C Y“[˝_ W˝∂ˆÇÔ\ˆÁ[˝ ÂV◊FÃ^Á %Á◊] %◊Tˆ`Ã^ ªJÙ]dE ıTˆ C
Y“›Tˆ c˜cÕ_Á]* ◊X„L Â[˝`› EıUÁ [˝_Á W˝ rÙTˆÁ ]Áy ◊[˝„[˝ªJÙXÁ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á X∂Éˆ\ˆÁ„[˝ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝
%]…_Ó =Y„V` £◊XÃ^Á _cÕ_Á] A[˝e TˆÁc˜Á a^‰±Ûˆ c˜÷V„Ã^ %◊·¯Tˆ Eı◊Ã[˝_Á]* ATˆ
W˝∂ˆÇ\Ô ˆÁ„[˝ ]Á„TˆÁ^Ã ÁÃ[˝Á c˜c˜^ÃO ÁC Â]Ï_[˝› aÁ„c˜[˝ ◊Qˆ‰Rª ÙEO ıÀ ◊ªRÙ\O ˆ◊G◊Ã[˝ Kª ˜Á‰QÕˆX XÁc˜*O AEı[˝Á[Ã ˝
[˝◊_„_X, ""%ÁY◊X Â^ %ÁYXÁÃ[˝ ÊªK˜ÁRª ÙO \ˆÁc˜„O Eı Â[˝Á]Á ÈTˆ^Ã ÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝Á[Ã ˝ LXÓ [˝ÁGÁXªRÙ›O
ªK˜Á◊QÕˆÃ^Á ◊V„_X, [˝QÕˆ \«ˆ_ Eı◊Ã[˝„_X, cÕc˜Á [˝«◊à˘]Á„XÃ[˝ EıÁL c˜Ã^ XÁcÕ*'' TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝
EıUÁÃ[˝ %UÔ [˝«◊MıÃ^Á %Á◊] AEıªR«ÙO c˜Á◊a_Á]; [˝◊__Á], ""]c˜Á`Ã^, [˝ÁGÁX Â^]X
%Á]ÁÃ[˝, ÂTˆ]◊X %Á]ÁÃ[˝ \ˆÁcÕ„Ã^Ã[˝, %Á◊] Â^ TˆÁc˜Á„Eı ªK˜Á◊QÕˆÃ^Á ◊V_Á], [˝Á ªK˜Á◊QÕˆÃ^Á
◊V„_C Â[˝Á]Á ÈTˆÃ^ÁÃ[˝› Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ ªK˜Á◊QÕˆ_Á], A F[˝Ã[˝ ÂEıÁUÁÃ^ YÁcÕ„_X?''
Â]Ï_[˝› aÁ„c˜[˝ %Y“◊Tˆ\ˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á [˝◊_„_X, ""XÁ XÁ, %Á◊] [˝◊_„Tˆ◊ªK˜ ^◊V TˆÁc˜Á
Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á UÁ„EıX*'' AcÕ ]c˜Á±¡Á ◊X„LÃ[˝ L›[˝XªJÙ◊Ã[˝„TˆÃ[˝ AEıªRÙO› YÁTˆÁ %Á]Á„Eı F«◊_Ã^Á
ÂVFÁcÕÃ^Á [˝◊_„_X, ""%Á]ÁÃ[˝ L›[˝„X ^Tˆ ÈX◊TÊı [˝Á %Á◊UÔEı =~◊Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜,
%Á]ÁÃ[˝ [˝Á„YÃ[˝ AEıªRÙ›O %◊Tˆ`^Ã ]…_Ó[˝ÁX =Y„V`cÕ TˆÁc˜Á[Ã ˝ ]…_ EıÁÃ[˝S* ◊Tˆ◊X a[[˝VÔ Á
[˝◊_„TˆX, a∂ˆÇ«„FÃ[˝ %~ EıFXC ªK˜Á◊QÕˆ„Tˆ XÁcÕ* AcÕ ]c˜Á[˝ÁEıÓ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ L›[˝„XÃ[˝
]…_]‹óˆ, cÕc˜Á a[[˝ÔVÁ ÿˆÇÃ[˝S Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜ [˝◊_Ã^Á %Á]ÁÃ[˝ AcÕ =~◊Tˆ*'' cÕc˜Á [˝◊_[˝ÁÃ[˝
a]Ã^ Â]Ï_[˝› aÁ„c˜[˝ Â^ Tˆ›[˝– V ◊rÙ„Tˆ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ◊V„Eı ªJÙÁ◊c˜„_X, TˆÁc˜Á„Tˆ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ Â[˝ÁW˝
c˜cÕ_ Â^X %Á◊]cÕ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ a∂ˆÇ«„FÃ[˝ %~* aµ˘ÓÁ„[˝_ÁÃ^ ÿëˆXÁ]FÓÁTˆ `“›^«N˛ Ã[˝Á]aVÃ^
]«„FÁYÁW˝ÓÁ„Ã^Ã[˝ %Á◊[˝\ˆ¤Á[˝* ◊Tˆ◊X %Á]ÁÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ %TˆÓ‹ôˆ VÃ^Á C ac˜ÁX«\…ˆ◊Tˆ Y“EıÁ`
Eı◊Ã[˝„_X, aEı_„Eı %Á]ÁÃ[˝ %Ác˜ÁÃ[˝ C `^ÓÁ a∂ëˆ„µ˘ ^±Ûˆ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ [˝◊_„_X* YÃ[˝
]«c˜… „wÔ¯ Eı„^Ã EıLX %Á◊aÃ^Á %Á]Á„Eı C È`„_≥V–„Eı _c˜^ÃO Á MıQˆÕ [˝◊ rÙ[Ã ˝ ]„W˝Ó _Á_[˝ÁLÁÃ[˝
c˜ÁL„Tˆ _cÕÃ^Á ^ÁÃ^* Ã[˝Á]aV„Ã^Ã[˝ a◊c˜Tˆ AcÕ AEı[˝ÁÃ[˝ ]Áy %Á]ÁÃ[˝ %Á_ÁY c˜Ã^*
[˝«◊Mı„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝_Á] Â_ÁEıªRÙO› [˝«◊à˘]ÁX C =VÓ]`›_ ◊Eı‹ôˆ« TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ EıUÁ[˝ÁwÔ¯Á, \ˆÁ[˝\ˆÜ›,
ÿëˆÃ[˝, ªJÙ_X a[˝cÕ E ı◊≈y] C %ÿëˆÁ\ˆÁ◊[˝Eı, a[[˝ÔVÁ Â^X ◊Tˆ◊X Ã[˝Ü]„á˚ %◊\ˆXÃ^
Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜X* AcÕÃ[˝÷Y AEı AEıLX %Á‰ªK˜ ^Ác˜Á„VÃ[˝ `Ã[˝›Ã[˝, [˝ÁEıÓ, ÊªJÙrÙÁ Â^X
%X „TˆÃ[˝ %[˝TˆÁÃ[˝* TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á EgıÁªJÙÁ ]X„Eı \«ˆ_ÁcÕ„Tˆ ]L[˝«Tˆ, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ^Ác˜ÁÃ[˝Á ]X«bÓ
ªJÙ◊Ã[˝‰y %◊\ˆp˚ [˝Á %„XEı ◊VX Â_Á„EıÃ[˝ a„Ü ◊]◊`Ã^Á‰ªK˜, TˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ ◊XEıªRÙO Y“U]
Y◊Ã[˝ªJÙ„Ã^cÕ TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á W˝Ã[˝Á Y‰QÕˆ*
_Á_[˝ÁLÁ„Ã[˝ ÂVÁTˆÁ_ÁÃ^ AEıªRÙO› [˝QÕˆ H„Ã[˝ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ V«'LX„Eı AEıa„Ü Ã[˝ÁFÁ
c˜cÕ_* %Ác˜ÁÃ[˝ c˜cÕ_ %î]Áy L_FÁ[˝ÁÃ[˝* %îl˘S Y„Ã[˝ V«cÕLX cÕeÃ[˝ÁL H„Ã[˝
Y“„[˝` Eı„Ã[˝X, Y„Ã[˝ £◊X_Á] AEıLX ÿëˆÃê Y«◊_a Eı◊]`XÁÃ[˝ c˜ÓÁ◊_„Qˆ aÁ„c˜[˝*
V«cÕL„X AEıa„Ü %Á◊ªK˜ ÂV◊FÃ^Á c˜ÓÁ◊_„Qˆ aÁ„#¤‰∞RÙOÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ ªJÙ◊ªRÙOÃ^Á =◊Pˆ„_X,
%Á]Á„Eı =„Å` Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á [˝◊_„_X, F[˝Ã[˝VÁÃ[˝ AcÕ Â_ÁEıªRÙO›Ã[˝ a„Ü Â^X ÂEıc˜cÕ XÁ
UÁ„Eı [˝Á EıUÁ [˝„_* ÂacÕ ]«c…˜„wÔ¯cÕ È`„_X„Eı %XÓ H„Ã[˝ aÃ[˝ÁcÕÃ^Á [˝µ˘ Eı„Ã[˝*
%ÁÃ[˝ aEı„_ ^FX ªJÙ◊_Ã^Á ^ÁÃ^, c˜ÓÁ◊_„Qˆ %Á]Á„Eı ◊Lp˚ÁaÁ Eı„Ã[˝X, ""AcÕ
EıÁY«Ã[˝”„bÁ◊ªJÙTˆ V«õı„∂ˆÇÔ ◊_ä ◊ªK˜„_X [˝◊_Ã^Á %ÁYÁXÁÃ[˝ ◊Eı _#Á Eı„Ã[˝ XÁ?'' %Á◊]
[˝◊__Á], ""%Á◊] ◊_ä ◊ªK˜_Á], cÕc˜Á W˝◊Ã[˝Ã^Á _cÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ %ÁYXÁÃ[˝ ◊Eı %◊W˝EıÁÃ[˝?''
=c˜ÁÃ[˝ =w¯„Ã[˝ c˜ÓÁ◊_„Qˆ [˝◊_„_X, ""%Á◊] W˝◊Ã[˝Ã^Á _cÕ XÁcÕ, %Á◊] a[˝cÕ LÁ◊X*''
%Á◊] [˝◊__Á], ""◊Eı LÁ„XX [˝Á XÁ LÁ„XX %ÁYXÁÃ[˝ÁcÕ %[˝GTˆ, AcÕ c˜TˆÓÁEıÁ„â¯Ã[˝
a◊c˜Tˆ aEı_ a+EÔı a+…SÔÃ[˝÷„Y %ÿëˆ›EıÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝*'' c˜ÓÁ◊_„Qˆ %ÁÃ[˝ ÂEıÁX EıUÁ
[˝◊_„_X XÁ*
ÂacÕ Ã[˝Á‰y %Á]ÁÃ[˝ %ÁÃ[˝ Eı„ÃÊıLX V`ÔEı %Á„a, cÕc˜ÁÃ[˝ÁC Y«◊_a* cÕc˜Á„VÃ[˝
%ÁaÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó AEı Ã[˝cãÓ ◊X◊c˜Tˆ ◊ªK˜_, Âa Ã[˝cãÓ %Á◊] %ÁL Y^ÔÓ‹ôˆ Tˆ_ÁcÕ„Tˆ
YÁ◊Ã[˝ XÁcÕ* ÊG–äÁ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ÂVQÕˆ ]Áa %Á„G AEıªRÙO› %Y◊Ã[˝◊ªJÙTˆ \ˆV–„_ÁEı %Á]ÁÃ[˝ a„Ü
aÁl˘Ád Eı„Ã[˝X, ◊Tˆ◊X [˝„_X, ""]c˜Á`Ã^ %ÁYXÁÃ[˝ a„Ü %Á]ÁÃ[˝ %Á_ÁY XÁcÕ, Tˆ„[˝
%ÁYXÁÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ \ˆ◊N˛ %Á‰ªªK˜ [˝◊_Ã^Á %ÁYXÁ„Eı aTÊÔı Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ %Á◊a_Á], %ÁÃ[˝
LÁ◊X„Tˆ ªJÙÁcÕ %ÁYXÁÃ[˝ ÂEıÁ~G„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ÂEıÁXC Â_Á„EıÃ[˝ a„Ü ◊Eı %Á_ÁY %Á‰ªK˜,
ÂacÕFÁ„X EıFX ◊Eı ◊GÃ^Á◊ªK˜„_X [˝Á ÂaFÁ„X [˝ÁQÕˆ› %Á‰ªK˜ ◊Eı?'' %Á◊] [˝◊__Á],
""[˝ÁQÕˆ› XÁc˜,O ÂEıÁ~G„Ã[˝ AEı[˝Á[Ã ˝ ◊GÃ^Á◊ªK˜_Á], Eı„^Ã EıL„XÃ[˝ a„Ü %Á_ÁYC %Á‰ªK˜*''
◊Tˆ◊X [˝◊_„_X, ""%ÁÃ[˝ ◊EıªK«˜ [˝◊_[˝ XÁ Tˆ„[˝ cÕc˜ÁÃ[˝ YÃ[˝ ÂEıÁ~G„Ã[˝Ã[˝ EıÁc˜ÁÃ[˝C a◊c˜Tˆ
ÂVFÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝X XÁ, %ÁYXÁÃ[˝ C %ÁYXÁÃ[˝ \ˆÁcÕ [˝ÁÃ[˝›‰≥V–Ã[˝ ◊[˝Ã[˝”„à˘ V«‰rÙÃ[˝Á bQÕˆ^‹ó
Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜, `›H–cÕ %ÁYXÁ◊VG„Eı TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á ◊[˝Y„V ÂZı◊_„[˝* %ÁÃ[˝ %Á]Á„Eı ÂEıÁXC
EıUÁ ◊Lp˚ÁaÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝X XÁ*'' %Á◊] [˝◊__Á], ""]c˜Á`Ã^ AcÕ %a+…SÔ ae[˝Á„V
%Á]ÁÃ[˝ ◊Eı =YEıÁÃ[˝ c˜cÕ_ %Á◊] [˝«◊Mı„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝_Á] XÁ, Tˆ„[˝ =YEıÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ
%Á◊aÃ^Á‰ªK˜X TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ W˝XÓ[˝ÁV* %Á◊] %ÁÃ[˝ ◊EıªK«˜ LÁ◊X„Tˆ ªJÙÁcÕ XÁ* \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝
=YÃ[˝ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ a+…SÔ ◊[˝`üÁa, ◊Tˆ◊XcÕ a[[˝ÔVÁ %Á]Á„Eı Ã[˝l˘Á Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝X, ÂacÕ ◊[˝b„Ã^
◊X„L ÊªJÙrÙÁ EıÃ[˝Á [˝Á aTÊÔı c˜CÃ^Á ◊XπY“„Ã^ÁLX*'' TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Y„Ã[˝ AcÕ a∂ëˆ„µ˘ %ÁÃ[˝
ÂEıÁXC F[˝Ã[˝ YÁcÕ XÁcÕ* AcÕ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ %Y◊Ã[˝◊ªJÙTˆ ◊c˜ÍTˆb› Â^ ◊]UÓÁ EıîXÁ Eı„Ã[˝X
XÁcÕ, AcÕ Ã[˝Á‰y TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Y“]ÁS YÁcÕ_Á]* AEıLX cÕXÀ„&kÙÁÃ[˝ %ÁÃ[˝ Eı„ÃÊıLX
Y«◊_a Eı∂ˆÇJªÔ ÙÁ[Ã ˝› %Á◊aÃ^Á ÂEıÁ~G„Ã[˝[Ã ˝ a]ÿôˆ EıUÁ LÁ◊XÃ^Á _c˜„O _X* TgˆÁc˜Á[Ã ˝Á [˝◊_„_X,
""ÂEıÁ~G„Ã[˝ ◊Eı %ÁYXÁÃ[˝ %Á◊V ÿöˆÁX? ÂaFÁ„X [˝ÁQÕˆ› %Á‰ªK˜ ◊Eı? ÂacÕFÁ„X EıFXC
◊GÃ^Á◊ªK˜„_X? Eı„[˝ ◊GÃ^Á◊ªK˜„_X? ÂEıX ◊GÃ^Á◊ªK˜„_X? [˝ÁÃ[˝›‰≥V–Ã[˝ ÂEıÁ~G„Ã[˝ a+◊w¯
%Á‰ªK˜ ◊Eı?'' ---- AcÕÃ[˝÷Y %„XEı Y“`¬ ◊Lp˚ÁaÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„_X* [˝ÓÁYÁÃ[˝ªRÙOÁ ◊Eı cÕc˜Á
[˝«◊Mı[˝ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ %Á◊] AcÕ a[˝ Y“‰`¬Ã[˝ =w¯Ã[˝ ◊V„Tˆ _Á◊G_Á]* AcÕ ÊªJÙrÙÁÃ^ E ıTÊıÁ^ÔÓ
c˜cÕ_Á] XÁ, Tˆ„[˝ Y“`¬m◊_Ã[˝ C Y«◊_„aÃ[˝ EıUÁÃ[˝ W˝Ã[˝„S Â[˝ÁMıÁ ÂG_ Â^ Y«◊_„a
◊Eı F[˝Ã[˝ YÁcÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜ TˆÁc˜Á aTˆÓ ◊Eı ◊]UÓÁ AcÕ %X«aµ˘ÁX ªJÙ◊_„Tˆ‰ªK˜* %X«]ÁX
Eı◊Ã[˝_Á] Â^]X TˆÁcÕ-]c˜ÁÃ[˝Á„LÃ[˝ Â]ÁEıÅ]ÁÃ^ ◊Tˆ_Eı„Eı \ˆâ¯, ◊]UÓÁ[˝ÁV›, Y“[˝á˚Eı
C %TˆÓÁªJÙÁÃ[˝› Y“◊TˆY~ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÊªJÙrÙÁ c˜cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜_ A[˝e ÂacÕ ÊªJÙrÙÁÃ^ Â[˝Á„∂ëˆ G[˝SÔ„]∞RÙO
Â^ÁGVÁX Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á Y“LÁÃ[˝ %„UÔÃ[˝ %Y[˝ÓÃ^ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜„_X, --- ÂTˆ]XcÕ Aÿöˆ„_C
Eı„ÃÊıLX %Á]Á„Eı ◊[˝Y„V ÂZı◊_[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÊªJÙrÙÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ◊ªK˜_*
Ã[˝◊[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ a]ÿôˆ◊VX c˜ÁL„Tˆ EıÁ◊ªRÙOÃ^Á ÂG_* %Á]ÁÃ[˝ H„Ã[˝Ã[˝ a∂ˆÇ«„F Ÿa◊QÕˆ ◊ªK˜_*
aEıÁ„_ ÂV◊F_Á] Eı„ÃÊıLX %î[˝Ã^ïı [˝Á_Eı Ÿa◊QÕˆ„Tˆ XÁ◊]„Tˆ‰ªK˜* ]«F ◊ªJÙ◊X XÁ
◊Eı‹ô«ˆ %Á≥VÁ„L [˝«◊Mı_Á] cÕc˜ÁÃ[˝ÁC AcÕ Â]ÁEıÅ]ÁÃ^ W˝ Tˆ, Y„Ã[˝ LÁ◊X„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝_Á]
cÕc˜ÁÃ[˝Á ]Á◊XEıTˆ_ÁÃ[˝ [˝ÁGÁ„XÃ[˝ ÊªK˜„_* AEı ]Áa Y„Ã[˝ ÂL„_ TˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ a„Ü %Á_ÁY
c˜Ã^* %îl˘S Y„Ã[˝ c˜ÁTˆ-]«F W˝«cÕ„Tˆ %Á]Á„EıC X›‰ªJÙ _cÕÃ^Á ^ÁÃ^ --- ÿoˆÁ„XÃ[˝
[˝„≥VÁ[˝ÿôˆ XÁcÕ, EıÁ„LcÕ ÿoˆÁX Eı◊Ã[˝_Á] XÁ* ÂacÕ ◊VX aEıÁ„_ %Ác˜Á„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ]„W˝Ó QˆÁ_
\ˆÁTˆ ◊aà˘, Eı„ÃÊı G–Áa ÂLÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á =VÃ[˝ÿöˆ Eı◊Ã[˝_Á], TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ YÃ[˝ TˆÁc˜Á TˆÓÁG
Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ c˜cÕ_* ◊[˝EıÁ_ Â[˝_Á ]«◊QÕˆ* ◊TˆX ◊VX cÕc˜ÁcÕ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ %Ác˜ÁÃ[˝ ◊ªK˜_* ◊Eı‹ôˆ«
cÕc˜ÁC [˝◊_„Tˆ c˜Ã^ Â^ ÂaÁ][˝Á„Ã[˝ aÁ„#¤∞RÙO %Á]Á„Eı ÿëˆTˆfY“[˝ w¯ c˜cÕÃ^Á ªJÙÁ C Ã[˝”ªRÙO›
FÁcÕ„Tˆ ◊V„_X*
Y„Ã[˝ £◊X_Á] %Á]ÁÃ[˝ =◊Eı_ Eı◊]`XÁ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ◊XEıªRÙO [˝ÁQÕˆ› c˜cÕ„Tˆ %Ác˜ÁÃ[˝ ◊V[˝ÁÃ[˝
%X«]◊Tˆ ªJÙÁ◊c˜Ã^Á◊ªK˜„_X, c˜ÓÁ◊_„Qˆ aÁ„c˜[˝ TˆÁc˜Á„Tˆ a∂ˆÇTˆ c˜X XÁcÕ* cÕc˜ÁC £◊X_Á]
Â^, %ÁaÁ]›„VÃ[˝ a„Ü =◊Eı_ [˝Á AªRÙOSfiÃ[˝ ÂVFÁ EıÃ[˝Á ◊X◊bà˘* LÁ◊X XÁ AcÕ ◊X„bW˝
%ÁcÕXaÜTˆ ◊EıXÁ? =◊Eı„_Ã[˝ YÃ[˝Á]`Ô YÁcÕ„_ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ^◊VC a«◊[˝W˝Á c˜cÕTˆ, Tˆ„[˝
◊XTˆÁ‹ôˆ Y“„Ã^ÁLX ◊ªK˜_ XÁ [˝‰ªRÙO, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ TˆÁc˜Á„Tˆ %„X„EıÃ[˝ Â]ÁEıÅ]ÁÃ[˝ l˘◊Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜*
ÂaÁ][˝Á„Ã[˝ Eı◊]`XÁÃ[˝„VÃ[˝ ◊XEıªRÙO %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ c˜Á◊LÃ[˝ Eı„Ã[˝* %Á]ÁÃ[˝ a„Ü %◊[˝XÁ`
C È`„_X ◊ªK˜_* aEı_„Eı ◊\ˆ~ ◊\ˆ~ V_ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á _cÕÃ^Á ^ÁÃ^* %Á]Ã[˝Á ◊TˆXLXcÕ
Y…[[˝ÔL„XΩÃ[˝ Y«SÓZı„_ Y…„[[˝Ô ÂG–äÁÃ[˝ c˜cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜_Á] A[˝e %ÁcÕ„XÃ[˝ L◊ªRÙO_TˆÁ EıTÊıªRÙOÁ
%X«\ˆ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜_Á] [˝◊_Ã^Á ◊TˆXLXcÕ Eı◊]`XÁ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ◊XEıªRÙO ÂEıÁXC EıUÁ [˝◊_„Tˆ
%ÿëˆ›E ıTˆ c˜cÕ* YÃ[˝◊VX ]ÓÁ◊L‰r—ÙªRÙO USÔ◊c˜„_Ã[˝ ÂEıÁ‰ªRÙO¤ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ _cÕÃ^Á ^ÁÃ^* AcÕ
a]Ã^ `“›^«N˛ E«ı]ÁÃ[˝E ıb’ Vw¯, ]ÓÁX«„Ã^_ aÁ„c˜[˝ %ÁÃ[˝ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ AEıLX %Á±¡›„Ã^Ã[˝
a◊c˜Tˆ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ Y“U] aÁl˘Ád c˜Ã^* ]ÓÁX«„Ã^_ aÁ„c˜[˝ %Á]Á„Eı ◊Lp˚ÁaÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„_X,
""Y«◊_„a [˝„_ %ÁYXÁÃ[˝ [˝ÁQÕˆ›„Tˆ %„XEı a„≥Vc˜LXEı Â_FÁ YÁCÃ^Á ◊GÃ^Á‰ªK˜*
AcÕÃ[˝÷Y ◊ªJÙ◊Pˆ [˝Á EıÁGL ◊Eı ◊ªK˜_?'' %Á◊] [˝◊__Á], ""◊Xfa„≥V„c˜ [˝◊_„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝,
◊ªK˜_ XÁ, UÁEıÁ a+…SÔ %aêˆ[˝*'' %[˝`Ó TˆFX ◊]rÙÁ~ Yy ("sweets letter')
[˝Á "scribbling'AÃ[˝ EıUÁ LÁ◊XTˆÁ] XÁ* %Á]ÁÃ[˝ %Á±¡›Ã^„Eı [˝◊__Á], ""[˝ÁQÕˆ›„Tˆ
[˝'_ ÂEıÁX \ˆÃ^ Â^X Eı„Ã[˝ XÁ, %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ◊X„Å¤Á◊bTˆÁ a+…SÔÃ[˝÷„Y Y“]Á◊STˆ c˜cÕ„[˝*''
%Á]ÁÃ[˝ ]„X TˆFX c˜cÕ„Tˆ V ªRÕÙ ◊[˝`üÁa L◊XΩÃ^Á◊ªK˜_ Â^ cÕc˜Á c˜cÕ„[˝cÕ* Y“U] ◊X#¤X
EıÁÃ[˝Á[˝Á„a ]X AEıªR«ÙO ◊[˝ªJÙ◊_Tˆ c˜Ã^ ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ◊TˆX ◊VX Y“ÁUÔXÁ C W˝ÓÁ„X EıÁªRÙOÁXÃ[˝ Zı„_
◊X∏JÙ_Á `Á◊‹ôˆ C %◊[˝ªJÙ◊_Tˆ ◊[˝`üÁa Y«Xf Y“ÁS„Eı %◊\ˆ\…ˆTˆ Eı„Ã[˝*
USÔ◊c˜_ aÁ„c˜„[˝Ã[˝ AL_Áa c˜cÕ„Tˆ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ %Á◊_Y«„Ã[˝ GÁQÕˆ› Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á _cÕÃ^Á
^ÁÃ^* AcÕ V„_ ◊ªK˜_ ◊XÃ[˝ÁYV, V›XVÃ^Á_, Âc˜]ªJÙ≥V– VÁa Y“\ ˆ◊Tˆ* cÕc˜Á„VÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó
Âc˜]ªJÙ≥V– VÁa„Eı ◊ªJÙ◊XTˆÁ], AEı[˝ÁÃ[˝ Â]◊VX›Y«„Ã[˝ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ [˝ÁQÕˆ›„Tˆ =◊Pˆ* ÂEı TˆFX
LÁ◊XTˆ Â^ AcÕÃ[˝÷Y [˝≥V›\ˆÁ„[˝ ÂL„_Ã[˝ Y„U TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ a◊c˜Tˆ ÂVFÁ c˜cÕ„[˝* %Á◊_Y«„Ã[˝
%Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ]ÓÁ◊L‰∫ÆœÙ‰ªRÙOÃ[˝ ÂEıÁ‰ªRÙO¤ EıTˆl˘S UÁ◊Eı„Tˆ c˜cÕ_, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ]ÓÁ◊L‰∫ÆœÙª‰ªRÙOÃ[˝ a∂ˆÇ«„F
%Á]Á„VÃ[˝ c˜Á◊LÃ[˝ EıÃ[˝Á c˜Ã^ XÁcÕ, ÂEı[˝_ ◊\ˆTˆÃ[˝ c˜cÕ„Tˆ TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ßE«ı] ◊_FÁcÕÃ^Á
%Á„X* %Á]Ã[˝Á %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ GÁQÕˆ›„Tˆ =◊Pˆ_Á], TˆFX AEıªRÙO› \ˆV–„_ÁEı %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ◊XEıªRÙO
%Á◊aÃ^Á [˝◊_„_X, ""£◊X„Tˆ◊Kª ˜ c˜cO ˜Á[Ã ˝Á %ÁYXÁÃ[˝ ◊X#¤X EıÁ[Ã ˝Á[˝Á„aÃ[˝ [˝Ó[˝ÿˆö Á Eı◊[Ã ˝^Ã Á‰ªK˜X,
ßE«ı] Â_FÁ c˜cÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜* c˜Ã^Tˆ EıÁc˜ÁÃ[˝C a„Ü ÂVFÁ-aÁl˘Ád Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ ◊V„[˝ XÁ*
AcÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ ^◊V [˝ÁQÕˆ›Ã[˝ Â_ÁEı„Eı ◊EıªK«˜ [˝◊_„Tˆ ªJÙÁX, %Á◊] ae[˝ÁV ÂYgÏªK˜ÁcÕÃ^Á ◊V[˝*''
%Á◊] TgˆÁc˜Á„Eı W˝XÓ[˝ÁV ◊V_Á], ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ^Ác˜Á [˝◊_[˝ÁÃ[˝ ◊ªK˜_, TˆÁc˜Á %Á]ÁÃ[˝ %Á±¡›„Ã^Ã[˝
•ÁÃ[˝Á LÁXÁX c˜cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜_ [˝◊_Ã^Á TgˆÁc˜Á„Eı %ÁÃ[˝ ◊EıªK«˜ [˝◊__Á] XÁ* %Á]ÁÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝
ÂV„`Ã[˝ Â_Á„EıÃ[˝ ac˜ÁX«\…ˆ◊Tˆ C %^Á◊ªJÙTˆ %X«G–„c˜Ã[˝ V rÙÁ‹ôˆÃ[˝÷„Y AcÕ HªRÙOXÁÃ[˝ =‰{F
Eı◊Ã[˝_Á]* TˆdY„Ã[˝ ÂEıÁªRÙO¤ c˜cÕ„Tˆ %Á]Ã[˝Á ÂL„_ ◊GÃ^Á ÂL„_Ã[˝ Eı∂ˆÇÔªJÙÁÃ[˝›G„SÃ[˝ c˜Á„Tˆ
a]◊YÔTˆ c˜cÕ* ÂL„_ ªR«Ù◊Eı[˝ÁÃ[˝ %Á„G %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ÿoˆÁX EıÃ[˝ÁÃ^, ÂL„_Ã[˝ ÂYÁbÁEı
YÃ[˝ÁcÕÃ^Á ◊YÃ[˝ÁS, W˝«◊Tˆ, LÁ]Á ae„`Á◊W˝Tˆ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ _cÕÃ^Á ^ÁÃ^* ªJÙÁ◊Ã[˝ ◊VX
Y„Ã[˝ %Á]Ã[˝Á ÿoˆÁX Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ÿëˆGÔa«F %X«\ˆ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝_Á]* ÿoˆÁ„XÃ[˝ YÃ[˝ TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á aEı_„Eı
◊XL ◊XL ◊X◊Å¤rÙ H„Ã[˝ ÂYgÏªK˜ÁcÕÃ^Á ÂVÃ^, %Á◊]C %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ◊X#¤X EıÁÃ[˝ÁGÁ„Ã[˝ ªR«Ù◊Eı_Á],
l«˘V– H„Ã[˝Ã[˝ GÃ[˝ÁV [˝µ˘ c˜cÕ_* 5cÕ Â] %Á◊_Y«„Ã[˝ EıÁÃ[˝Á[˝Áa %ÁÃ[˝êˆ* YÃ[˝[˝daÃ[˝
6cÕ Â] ◊Xõ ı◊Tˆ YÁcÕ*
%Á]ÁÃ[˝ ◊X#¤X EıÁÃ[˝ÁG c˜ªRÙO› XÃ^ Z«ıªRÙO V›HÔ, YgÁªJÙ ªK˜Ã^ Z«ıªRÙO Y“ÿöˆ ◊ªK˜_* cÕc˜ÁÃ[˝
LÁXÁ_Á XÁc˜,O a∂ˆÇF« \ˆÁ„G [˝c ˜d Â_Ác˜Á[Ã ˝ GÃ[˝ÁV, AcÕ ◊YtÃ[˝cÕ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ◊X◊Å¤rÙ [˝ÁaÿöˆÁX
c˜cÕ_* H„Ã[˝Ã[˝ [˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝ AEıªRÙO› l«˘V– =PˆÁX, YÁU„Ã[˝Ã[˝ L◊], cÕ‰ªRÙOÃ[˝ =¨JÙ ÂVCÃ^Á_,
aÁ]„X EıÁ‰PˆÃ[˝ VÃ[˝LÁ* ÂacÕ VÃ[˝LÁÃ[˝ =Y◊Ã[˝\ˆÁ„G ]ÁX«„bÃ[˝ ªJÙl«˘Ã[˝ a]ÁX =¨JÙTˆÁÃ^
l«˘V– ÂGÁ_ÁEıÁÃ[˝ Ã[˝„ µ–˘, VÃ[˝LÁ [˝µ˘ c˜cÕ„_ `Á‹óˆ › AcÕ Ã[˝‰µ–˘ ªJÙl«˘ _ÁGÁcÕÃ^Á a]Ã^
a]Ã^ ÂV„F, Eı„Ã^V› ◊Eı Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ =PˆÁ„XÃ[˝ VÃ[˝LÁ Y“ÁÃ^cÕ ÂFÁ_Á
UÁ◊EıTˆ* AcÕÃ[˝÷Y ªK˜Ã^ªRÙO› HÃ[˝ YÁ`ÁYÁ◊`, ÂacÕm◊_„Eı ªK˜Ã^ ◊Qˆy‘› [˝„_* ◊Qˆy‘›Ã[˝
%UÔ ◊[˝„`b aÁLÁÃ[˝ HÃ[˝ --- ◊[˝ªJÙÁÃ[˝Y◊Tˆ [˝Á ÂL„_Ã[˝ a«YÁ◊Ã[˝„∞RÙO„â¯‰∞RÙOÃ[˝ ßE«ı„]
^Ác˜Á„VÃ[˝ ◊X#¤X EıÁÃ[˝Á[˝Á„aÃ[˝ Vâ¯ ◊Xà˘¤Á◊Ã[˝Tˆ c˜Ã^ TˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝cÕ AcÕ l«˘V– l«˘V– G‚º˜„Ã[˝
UÁ◊Eı„Tˆ c˜Ã^* AcÕ ◊X#¤X EıÁÃ[˝Á[˝Á„aÃ[˝C Eı] Â[˝`› %Á‰ªK˜* ^Ác˜Á„VÃ[˝ ◊[˝„`b
aÁLÁ c˜Ã^, TˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ =PˆÁ„XÃ[˝ VÃ[˝LÁ [˝µ˘ UÁ„Eı; ]X«bÓ aeaÁÃ[˝ c˜cÕ„Tˆ a+…SÔ
[˝◊á˚Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á `Á‹óˆ›Ã[˝ ªJÙl«˘ C Y◊Ã[˝„[˝`XEıÁÃ[˝› Eı„Ã^V›Ã[˝ V«„[˝_ÁÃ^ %ÁG]X TˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝
LG„TˆÃ[˝ a„Ü AEı]Áy a∂ëˆµ˘* %Á]Á c˜cÕ„TˆC Âc˜]ªJÙ≥V– VÁa ◊a. %ÁcÕ. ◊Qˆ.-Ã[˝
%ÁTˆ·¯ÿöˆ_ [˝◊_Ã^Á TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ AcÕ [˝Ó[˝ÿöˆÁ c˜cÕ_* AcÕ aÁLÁÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝C aÁLÁ
%Á‰ªK˜, --- c˜Á„Tˆ-YÁ„Ã^ c˜ÁTÊıQÕˆÁ C Â[˝QÕˆ› Y◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ◊X#¤X EıÁÃ[˝Á[˝Á„a UÁEıÁ* AcÕ
ªJÙÃ[˝] `Á◊ÿôˆ ÂEı[˝_ ÂL„_Ã[˝ `Á◊‹ôˆ\ˆÜ EıÃ[˝Á [˝Á ]ÁÃ[˝Á]Á◊Ã[˝Ã[˝ LXÓ XÃ^, [˝ÁÃ[˝ [˝ÁÃ[˝
FÁªªR«ÙO◊X„Tˆ y”ªRÙO› c˜cÕ„_C AcÕ `Á◊ÿôˆ c˜Ã^* ◊X#¤X EıÁÃ[˝Á[˝Á„aÃ[˝ Â]ÁEıÅ]ÁÃ[˝ %ÁaÁ]›„Eı
`Á◊ÿôˆÿëˆÃ[˝÷Y AcÕÃ[˝÷Y EırÙ ÂVCÃ^Á ◊XÃ^]◊[˝Ã[˝”à˘, Tˆ„[˝ ÿëˆ„V`› [˝Á "[˝„≥V-]ÁTˆÃ[˝]À'-
Eı„Ã^V› ◊XÃ^„]Ã[˝ [˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝, Y«◊_„aÃ[˝ cÕ¨K˜ÁÃ^ TˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ LXÓC a«[˝„≥VÁ[˝ÿôˆ c˜Ã^*
%Á]Á„VÃ[˝ [˝ÁaÿöˆÁX Tˆ Ac˜[ÃO ˝÷Y ◊ªK˜_, aÁL-aÃ[˝tÁ„]Ã[˝ a∂ëˆ„µ˘C %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ac˜÷V^Ã
Eıw Ô¯Yl˘ %Á◊TÛÓ adEıÁ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ y”ªRÙO› Eı„Ã[˝X XÁcÕ* AEıFÁXÁ UÁ_Á C AEıªRÙO› [˝ÁªRÙO›
=PˆÁX„Eı a«„`Á◊\ˆTˆ Eı◊Ã[˝Tˆ* =w¯]Ã[˝÷„Y ]ÁLÁ c˜cÕ„_ AcÕ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ a[[˝ÔÿëˆÿëˆÃ[˝÷Y
UÁ_Á-[˝ÁªRÙO›Ã[˝ A]X Ã[˝÷YÁÃ[˝ XÓÁÃ^ ªJÙÁEÀı◊ªJÙEıÓ c˜cÕTˆ Â^, Y“ÁS L«QÕˆÁcÕÃ^Á ^ÁcÕTˆ A[˝e
ÂacÕ ◊X„Å¤Áb ◊EıÃ[˝S]Ã^ =#ù_TˆÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó "ÿëˆGÔLÁTˆ' ◊XFg«Tˆ ◊[˝–◊ªRÙO` Ã[˝ÁLTˆ„‹óˆÃ[˝
=Y]Á YÁcÕÃ^Á Ã[˝ÁL\ˆ◊N˛Ã[˝ ◊X∂ˆÇÔ_ %ÁX≥V %X«\ˆ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝TˆÁ]* ÂVÁ„bÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó UÁ_ÁC
TˆÁc˜Á [˝«◊MıÃ^Á %ÁX„≥V ATˆ =dZ«ı{ c˜cÕTˆ Â^, AEıªR«ÙO ÂLÁ„Ã[˝ %ÁÜ«_ ◊V„_cÕ TˆÁc˜Á
%ÁÃ[˝[˝›ÿöˆÁ„XÃ[˝ H…SÔÓ]ÁX VÃ[˝„[˝„`Ã[˝ XÓÁÃ^ ]â¯_ÁEıÁ„Ã[˝ X TˆÓ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ UÁ◊EıTˆ, TˆFX
AEı c˜Á„Tˆ %Ác˜ÁÃ[˝ EıÃ[˝Á, AEı c˜Á„Tˆ UÁ_Á W˝◊Ã[˝Ã^Á UÁEıÁ ◊\ˆ~ =YÁÃ^ ◊ªK˜_ XÁ*
X‰ªJÙd H«Ã[˝YÁEı FÁcÕ„Tˆ FÁcÕ„Tˆ ÂL„_Ã[˝ %T«ˆ_X›Ã^ ]«rÙÓ~ _cÕÃ^Á TˆÁc˜Á Y_ÁcÕÃ^Á
^ÁcÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ =Yy‘] Eı◊Ã[˝Tˆ* UÁ_Á c˜cÕ„Tˆ [˝ÁªRÙO›ªRÙO›cÕ %ÁÃ[˝C ◊Y“Ã^ C =YEıÁÃ[˝› ◊L◊Xb
◊ªK˜_* cÕc˜Á LQÕˆ YVÁ„UÔÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó Â^X ◊[˝–◊ªRÙO` ◊a◊\ˆ◊_Ã^ÁX* ◊a◊\ˆ◊_Ã^Á„XÃ[˝ Â^]X
a[[˝ÔEıÁ„^ÔÓ ÿëˆ\ˆÁ[˝LÁTˆ ÈXY«SÓ C Â^ÁGÓTˆÁ %Á‰ªK˜, LL, `ÁaXEıwÔ¯Á, Y«◊_a,
£íı◊[˝\ˆÁ„GÃ[˝ EıwÔ¯Á, ◊]=◊X◊aYÓÁ◊_◊ªRÙOÃ[˝ %W˝Ól˘, ◊`l˘Eı, W˝„∂ˆÇÔÁY„VrÙÁ, ^Ác˜Á [˝_,
TˆÁc˜ÁcÕ [˝◊_[˝Á]Áy c˜c˜„O Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝, --- Â^]X TgˆÁc˜Á[Ã ˝ Y„l˘ TˆV‹ôÊıÁÃ[˝›, %◊\ˆ„^ÁGEıwÔ¯Á,
Y«◊_a ◊[˝ªJÙÁÃ[˝Eı, A]X ◊Eı a]Ã^ a]Ã^ [˝ÁV›Ã[˝ Y„l˘ ÂEıÏXÀ◊a_›Ã[˝C AEı `Ã[˝›„Ã[˝
AEı a]„Ã^ Y“›◊Tâ◊∂ˆÇ_X c˜CÃ^Á a«FaÁW˝Ó, %Á]ÁÃ[˝ %ÁV„Ã[˝Ã[˝ [˝ÁªRÙO›Ã[˝C TˆV–÷Y*
[˝ÁªRÙO›Ã[˝ LÁTˆ XÁcÕ, ◊[˝ªJÙÁÃ[˝ XÁcÕ, EıÁÃ[˝ÁG „c˜ ^ÁcÕÃ^Á ÂacÕ [˝ÁªRÙO›„Tˆ L_ ◊XÃ^Á Â`ÏªJÙ◊y‘Ã^Á
Eı◊Ã[˝_Á], ÂacÕ [˝ÁªRÙO›„TˆcÕ ]«F W˝«cÕ_Á], ÿoˆÁX Eı◊Ã[˝_Á], %îl˘S Y„Ã[˝ %Ác˜ÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ
c˜cÕ_, ÂacÕ [˝ÁªRÙO›„TˆcÕ QˆÁ_ [˝Á TˆÃ[˝EıÁÃ[˝› ÂVCÃ^Á c˜cÕ_, ÂacÕ [˝ÁªRÙO›„TˆcÕ L_YÁX
Eı◊Ã[˝_Á] A[˝e %ÁªJÙ]X Eı◊Ã[˝_Á]* A]X a[[˝ÔEıÁ^ÔÓl˘] ]…_Ó[˝ÁX [˝ÿô«ˆ cÕeÃ[˝Á„LÃ[˝
ÂL„_cÕ YÁCÃ^Á aêˆ[˝* [˝ÁªRÙO› %Á]ÁÃ[˝ AcÕ aEı_ aÁeaÁ◊Ã[˝Eı =YEıÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á
Â^ÁGaÁW˝„XÃ[˝ =YÁÃ^ ÿëˆÃ[˝÷YC c˜cÕÃ^Á VÒÁQÕˆÁcÕ_* H SÁ Y◊Ã[˝TˆÓÁ„GÃ[˝ A]X ac˜ÁÃ^ C
=Y„VrÙÁ ÂEıÁUÁÃ^ YÁcÕ[˝? ◊X#¤X EıÁÃ[˝Á[˝Á„aÃ[˝ Y“U] YÁ_ÁÃ[˝ Y„Ã[˝ ^FX %Á]Á„VÃ[˝
AEı a„Ü Ã[˝ÁFÁ c˜Ã^, TˆFX %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ◊a◊\ˆ◊_Ã^Á„XÃ[˝ %◊W˝EıÁÃ[˝ Y UEı›EıÃ[˝S c˜Ã^,
--- Eıw Ô¯Y„l˘Ã[˝Á Â`ÏªJÙ◊y‘Ã^ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ ÿëˆTˆ‹óˆ =YEıÃ[˝„SÃ[˝ [˝„≥VÁ[˝ÿôˆ Eı„Ã[˝X* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ
AEı]ÁaEıÁ„_ ATˆ•ÁÃ[˝Á AcÕ %^Á◊ªJÙTˆ H SÁ ae^] ◊`l˘Á_Á\ˆ c˜cÕ_* Â`ÏªJÙ◊y‘Ã^ÁÃ[˝
a]ÿôˆ [˝Ó[˝ÿöˆÁcÕ Â^X AcÕ ae^] ◊`l˘ÁÃ[˝ ◊V„Eı _l˘Ó Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ◊[˝◊c˜Tˆ* [˝_Á c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜,
◊X#¤X EıÁÃ[˝Á[˝Áa ◊[˝„`b `Á◊ÿôˆÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó GSÓ A[˝e ÂacÕ `Á◊ÿôˆÃ[˝ ]…_Tˆ√º¯ ÛÁaÁW˝Ó
]X«bÓ aeaGÔ C ]«N˛ %ÁEıÁ` Âa[˝Á [˝#¤X* [˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝ Â`Ï‰ªJÙÃ[˝ [˝Ó[˝ÿöˆÁ c˜cÕ„_ AcÕ
Tˆ√º¯ \ˆÜ c˜Ã^ [˝◊_Ã^Á H„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝cÕ V«cÕFÁXÁ %Á_ÀEıÁTˆÃ[˝Á ]ÁFÁX ªR«ÙOEıÃ[˝› ÂVCÃ^Á
c˜cÕTˆ* aEıÁ„_ C ◊[˝EıÁ_ Â[˝_ÁÃ^ Â]UÃ[˝ %Á◊aÃ^Á TˆÁc˜Á Y◊Ã[˝õıÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝Tˆ, Tˆ›[˝–
%Á„≥VÁ_X C ]∂ˆÇÔ&`fi [˝N ˛TˆÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„_ %XÓ a]„Ã^C Y◊Ã[˝õıÁÃ[˝ EıÃ[˝Á c˜cÕTˆ, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ
%a]„Ã^ YÁÃ^FÁXÁÃ^ ÂG„_ Y“ÁÃ^cÕ Y“ÁÃ^◊∏JÙw¯Ã[˝÷„Y Eı„ÃÊı H∞RÙOÁ V«GÔµ˘ Â\ˆÁG Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ
c˜cÕTˆ* ◊X#¤X EıÁÃ[˝Á[˝Á„aÃ[˝ ◊•Tˆ›Ã^ YÁ_ÁÃ^ AcÕ a∂ëˆ„µ˘ EıTÊıªRÙOÁ ◊Ã[˝ZıÃ[˝]À c˜Ã^, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ
cÕeÃ[˝Á„LÃ[˝ ◊Ã[˝ZıÃ[˝]À c˜cÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜ Y«Ã[˝ÁTˆX %Á]„_Ã[˝ ]…_Tˆ√º¯ a+…SÔ [˝LÁÃ^ Ã[˝Á◊FÃ^Á
`ÁaXY“SÁ_› ae„`ÁW˝X* [˝_Á [˝Áß_Ó, AcÕ l«˘V– H„Ã[˝ A]X [˝Ó[˝ÿöˆÁ UÁEıÁÃ^ a[[˝ÔVÁ,
◊[˝„`bTˆf %Ác˜Á„Ã[˝Ã[˝ a]Ã^ A[˝e Ã[˝Á◊≈y„Tˆ ◊[˝„`b %„aÁÃ^Á◊ÿôˆ Â\ˆÁG Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ c˜cÕTˆ*
LÁ◊X, Â`Á[˝Á[Ã ˝ H„Ã[˝[Ã ˝ YÁ„`üÔ YÁÃ^FÁXÁ [Ã ˝ÁFÁ, ÿöˆÁ„X ÿöˆÁ„X ◊[˝_ÁTˆ› a\ˆÓTˆÁ[Ã ˝ %Ü◊[˝„`b,
◊Eı‹ô«ˆ AEıªRÙO› l«˘V– H„Ã[˝ Â`Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ HÃ[˝, FÁ[˝ÁÃ[˝ HÃ[˝ C YÁÃ^FÁXÁ --- cÕc˜Á„EıcÕ too
much of a good thing [˝„_* %Á]Ã[˝Á E«ı-%\ˆÓÁaG–ÿôˆ \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ[˝Áa›, a\ˆÓTˆÁÃ[˝
ATˆ =¨JÙ ÂaÁYÁ„X ÂYgÏªK˜Á %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ Y„l˘ EırÙEıÃ[˝*
G cãÁ]G–›Ã[˝ ]„W˝Ó %ÁÃ[˝C ◊ªK˜_ AEıªRÙO› ÿoˆÁ„XÃ[˝ [˝Á_ÀTˆ›, L_ Ã[˝Á◊F[˝ÁÃ[˝ AEıªRÙO›
◊ªRÙO„XÃ[˝ X_ÁEıÁÃ[˝ [˝Á_ÀTˆ› A[˝e V«ªRÙO› ÂL„_Ã[˝ Eı∂ëˆ_* ÿoˆÁ„XÃ[˝ [˝Á_ÀTˆ› =PˆÁ„X Ã[˝ÁFÁ
c˜cÕTˆ, ÂacÕFÁ„X ÿoˆÁX Eı◊Ã[˝TˆÁ]* %Á]ÁÃ[˝ \ˆÁ„GÓ Y“U]Tˆf L_EırÙ ◊ªK˜_ XÁ ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ
TˆÁc˜Á Y„Ã[˝ Hª◊ªRÙOÃ^Á◊ªK˜_* Y“U]Tˆf YÁ„`üÔÃ[˝ ÂGÁÃ^Á_ H„Ã[˝Ã[˝ Eı„Ã^V› ÿoˆÁ„XÃ[˝ a]Ã^
%Á]ÁÃ[˝ cÕ¨K˜Á]Tˆ [˝Á_ÀTˆ›„Tˆ L_ \ˆ◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ◊VTˆ, ÂacÕLXÓ ÿoˆÁ„XÃ[˝ a]Ã^cÕ ÂL„_Ã[˝
TˆYaÓÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó Y“TˆÓc˜ G c˜„ÿöˆÃ[˝ ◊[˝_Áa[˝ ◊w¯ C a«F◊Y“Ã^TˆÁ„Eı T ˆä Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ %[˝aÃ[˝*
%YÃ[˝ %ÁaÁ]›„VÃ[˝ \ˆÁ„GÓ cÕc˜ÁC H‰ªRÙO XÁcÕ, AEı [˝Á_ÀTˆ›Ã[˝ L„_cÕ TˆÁc˜Á◊VG„Eı
Â`ÏªJÙ◊y‘Ã^Á, [˝ÁaX ]ÁLÁ C ÿoˆÁX a+~ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ c˜cÕTˆ* Â]ÁEıÅ]ÁÃ[˝ %ÁaÁ]›
[˝◊_Ã^Á AcÕ %◊Tˆ]Áy ◊[˝_Áa Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ ÂVCÃ^Á c˜cÕTˆ, Eı„Ã^V›„VÃ[˝ V«cÕ-ªJÙÁ◊Ã[˝ [˝ÁªRÙO›
L„_ ÿoˆÁX c˜cÕTˆ* cÕeÃ[˝Á„LÃ[˝Á [˝„_ \ˆG[˝d ÊY“] C `Ã[˝›„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ÿëˆ¨K˜≥VTˆÁ Y“ÁÃ^cÕ
a]ÁX C V«_Ô\ˆ aVÀmS, TˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ ÂL„_ AcÕ LÁTˆ›Ã^ Y“[˝Á„VÃ[˝ ^ÁUÁUÔÓ Ã[˝l˘SÁUÔ
%U[˝Á %◊Tˆ◊Ã[˝N˛ ÿoˆÁXa«„F Eı„Ã^V›Ã[˝ %◊X¨K˜ÁL◊XTˆ TˆYaÓÁÃ^ Ã[˝a\ˆÜ \ˆ„Ã^ AcÕ

[˝Ó[˝ÿöˆÁ Y“ªJÙ◊_Tˆ, TˆÁc˜Á ◊XSÔÃ^ EıÃ[˝Á Eı◊PˆX* %ÁaÁ]›Ã[˝Á Eıw Ô¯Yl˘„VÃ[˝ AcÕ VÃ^Á„Eı
EıÁ„EıÃ[˝ ÿoˆÁX [˝◊_Ã^Á TˆÁ◊¨K˜_Ó Eı◊Ã[˝Tˆ* ]ÁX«b]ÁycÕ %a„‹ôˆÁb◊Y“Ã^* ÿoˆÁ„XÃ[˝ [˝Ó[˝ÿöˆÁ
c˜cÕ„Tˆ YÁX›Ã^ L„_Ã[˝ [˝Ó[˝ÿöˆÁ %ÁÃ[˝C ªJÙ]dEıÁÃ[˝* TˆFX G–›πÇEıÁ_, %Á]ÁÃ[˝ l«˘V– H„Ã[˝
[˝ÁTˆÁ„aÃ[˝ Y“„[˝` Y“ÁÃ^ ◊X◊bà˘ ◊ªK˜_* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ Â] ]Á„aÃ[˝ =G– C Y“FÃ[˝ ÂÃ[˝ÏV– %[˝Á„W˝
Y“„[˝` Eı◊Ã[˝Tˆ* HÃ[˝ªRÙO› =w¯ä =X«„XÃ[˝ ]Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á =◊PˆTˆ* AcÕ =X«„X ◊aà˘ c˜cÕ„Tˆ
c˜cÕ„Tˆ %V]Ó L_T ˆb’Á _ÁH[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ =YÁÃ^ CcÕ ◊ªRÙO„XÃ[˝ [˝Á_ÀTˆ›Ã[˝ %à˘¤-=b’
L_* [˝ÁÃ[˝ [˝ÁÃ[˝ TˆÁc˜Á YÁX Eı◊Ã[˝TˆÁ], T ˆb’Á Tˆ ^ÁcÕTˆcÕ XÁ [˝Ã[˝e ÂÿëˆV ◊XGÔ]X A[˝e
%îl˘„S X[˝›\…ˆTˆ T ˆb’ÁcÕ _Á\ˆ c˜cÕTˆ* Tˆ„[˝ AEı AEıL„XÃ[˝ =PˆÁ„X ]ÁªRÙO›Ã[˝ Eı_a›
Ã[˝ÁFÁ ◊ªK˜_, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á Y…[[˝ÔLXΩE ıTˆ TˆYaÓÁ ÿˆÇÃ[˝S Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ◊X„L„Eı W˝XÓ ]Á◊X„TˆX*
cÕc˜Á„Tˆ ÂHÁÃ[˝ Y«Ã[˝”bÁUÔ[˝ÁV›„EıC %V rÙ ]Á◊X„Tˆ [˝ÁW˝Ó c˜cÕ„Tˆ c˜Ã^, EıÁc˜ÁÃ[˝C \ˆÁ„GÓ
PˆÁâ¯Á L_ L«◊ªRÙOTˆ, EıÁc˜ÁÃ[˝C \ˆÁ„GÓ T ˆb’Á _Á◊GÃ^ÁcÕ UÁ◊EıTˆ, a[˝ EıYÁ„_Ã[˝ ÂLÁÃ[˝*
Eıw Ô¯Y„l˘Ã[˝Á ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ a+…SÔ Yl˘YÁTˆ`…XÓ c˜cÕÃ^Á Eı_a› [˝Á ◊ªRÙOX ◊[˝TˆÃ[˝S Eı◊Ã[˝„TˆX*
AcÕ ^V ¨K˜Á _Á„\ˆ %Á◊] a‹ô«ˆrÙ c˜cÕ„_ [˝Á XÁ c˜cÕ„_C %Á]ÁÃ[˝ L_EırÙ ÂL„_Ã[˝
ac˜÷VÃ^ QˆÁN˛ÁÃ[˝[˝Á[˝«Ã[˝ %ac˜Ó c˜Ã^* ◊Tˆ◊X Eı_a› Â^ÁGÁQÕˆ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ =„VÓÁG› c˜X,
◊Eı‹ô«ˆ AcÕ a[˝ [˝„≥VÁ[˝‰ÿôˆ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ c˜ÁTˆ XÁcÕ [˝◊_Ã^Á ◊Tˆ◊X %„XEı ◊VX TˆÁc˜Á„Tˆ
E ıTÊıÁ^ÔÓ c˜X XÁcÕ, Â`„b TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝cÕ EıUÁÃ^ ]«FÓ L]ÁVÁÃ[˝ ÂEıÁUÁ c˜cÕ„Tˆ Eı_a›
%Á◊[˝õıÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝_* TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ %Á„GcÕ %Á◊] T ˆb’ÁÃ[˝ a„Ü %„XEı ◊V„XÃ[˝ ÂHÁÃ[˝ aeG–Á„]
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V«cÕªRÙO› Â]ÁªRÙOÁ Eı∂ëˆ_cÕ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ◊[˝ªK˜ÁXÁ* [˝Á◊_a XÁcÕ, EıÁ„LcÕ AEıªRÙO› Eı∂ëˆ_ YÁ◊TˆÃ^Á
%ÁÃ[˝ AEıªRÙO› Eı∂ëˆ_ YÁªRÙO Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á [˝Á◊_a [˝ÁXÁcÕÃ^Á £cÕTˆÁ]* ^FX GÃ[˝„]Ã[˝ Êzı`
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%ÁÃ[˝Á] _Á\ˆ Eı◊Ã[˝TˆÁ]* ]ÁTˆÁ [˝a«µ˘Ã[˝ÁÃ[˝ `›Tˆ_ =daÜ &„`ÔÃ[˝ ◊Eı a«F, TˆÁc˜Á
TˆFX [˝«◊MıTˆÁ]* Tˆ„[˝ ÂL„_ ÂacÕ =daÜ &`Ô [˝QÕˆ ÂEıÁ]_ XÃ^, TˆÅùÁÃ[˝Á ◊XV–ÁÃ[˝
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Âa◊VX [˝QÕˆ %ÁX„≥VÃ[˝ ◊VX c˜cÕTˆ* cÕc˜Á„TˆC AEıªRÙO› AcÕ %a«◊[˝W˝Á ◊ªK˜_ Â^, MıQÕˆ[˝ ◊rÙ
c˜cÕ„_cÕ W˝…_Á, YÁTˆÁ C T ˆSa·«¯_ Y“\ˆt„XÃ[˝ TˆÁâ¯[˝ X „TˆÓÃ[˝ YÃ[˝ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ FgÁªJÙÁÃ[˝
]„W˝Ó ÊªK˜ÁªRÙOFÁªRÙO AEıªRÙO› L_Y¿Á[˝X c˜cÕTˆ* TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Y„Ã[˝ Ã[˝Á◊≈y„Tˆ ◊\ˆLÁ Eı∂ëˆ_ _cÕÃ^Á
H„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ÂEıÁ„S Y_ÁÃ^X ◊\ˆ~ =YÁÃ^ ◊ªK˜_ XÁ* Y“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝ AcÕ _›_Á ◊[˝„`b aÁÜ
c˜cÕ„_C L_Y¿Á◊[˝Tˆ ]ÁªRÙO› ^Tˆl˘S XÁ £EıÁcÕTˆ TˆTˆl˘S ◊XV–ÁÃ[˝ %Á`Á Y◊Ã[˝TˆÓÁG
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%a«◊[˝W˝Á a„√º¯C Mı‰QÕˆÃ[˝ ◊V„X ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ Y“ªJ«ÙÃ[˝ [˝ÁTˆÁa %Á◊aTˆ A[˝e H„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ÂacÕ Tˆä
=X«X-TˆÁTˆ ◊[˝V…◊Ã[˝Tˆ c˜cÕTˆ [˝◊_Ã^Á MıQÕˆ[˝ ◊rÙ„Eı aÁV„Ã[˝ ÿëˆÁGTˆ Eı◊Ã[˝TˆÁ]*
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Eı◊Ã[˝[˝, TˆÁc˜Á ◊X„LÃ[˝ EırÙ„\ˆÁG p˚ÁYX Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ XÃ^; --- a«a\ˆÓ [˝ ◊ªRÙO` Ã[˝Á„LÓ
Â]ÁEıÅ]ÁÃ[˝ %ÁaÁ]›Ã[˝ LXÓ ◊Eı %‡«ˆTˆ [˝Ó[˝ÿöˆÁ, ◊X„Å¤Áb›Ã[˝ V›HÔEıÁ_[˝ÓÁY› ◊Eı
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[˝◊_[˝ --- ]X ÂacÕ V«f„FÃ[˝ %Tˆ›Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á EırÙ %X«\ˆ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ %a]UÔ c˜cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜_*
ÂacÕLXÓ ÂL„_Ã[˝ ÿˆÇ ◊Tˆ ]„X =VÃ^ c˜cÕ„_ Ây‘ÁW˝ [˝Á V«fF XÁ c˜cÕÃ^Á c˜Á◊acÕ YÁÃ^*
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XÃ^; ÂV„`Ã[˝ LXÓ ◊[˝„V`› Ã[˝ÁLY«Ã[˝”b„VÃ[˝ a„Ü ^«à˘-‰ªJÙrÙÁ EıÃ[˝Á [˝Á a]„Ã[˝Á„VÓÁ„GÃ[˝
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QˆÁEıÁTˆ„VÃ[˝ ]Tˆ Ã[˝ÁFÁ --- ÊªJÙÁÃ[˝-QˆÁEıÁTˆ ÂEıX, Y£Ã[˝ XÓÁÃ^ ◊Yt„Ã[˝ Ã[˝Á◊FÃ^Á Y£Ã[˝
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cÕc˜Á„Tˆ [˝ ◊ªRÙO` Ã[˝ÁLY«Ã[˝”b„VÃ[˝ C [˝ ◊ªRÙO` LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ ÂGÏÃ[˝[˝ [˝ ◊à˘ c˜Ã^ XÁ* cÕc˜Á ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ
TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ LÁTˆ›Ã^ ªJÙ◊Ã[˝yGTˆ ÂVÁb* cÕeÃ[˝ÁL„VÃ[˝ ÂV„c˜ l˘◊≈y„Ã^Á◊ªJÙTˆ mS UÁ◊Eı„_C
`y” [˝Á ◊[˝Ã[˝”à˘ÁªJÙÃ[˝SEıÁÃ[˝›Ã[˝ a„Ü [˝Ó[˝c˜ÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ a]Ã^ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á ÂbÁ_-%ÁXÁ
Â[˝„X* %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ TˆFXC ◊[˝Ã[˝◊N˛-\ˆÁ[˝ ]„X ÿöˆÁX YÁÃ^ XÁcÕ, [˝Ã[˝e %Á]ÁÃ[˝ C
ÂV„`Ã[˝ aÁW˝ÁÃ[˝S %◊`◊l˘Tˆ Â_Á„EıÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó ÂEıÁX Y“„\ˆV EıÃ[˝Á c˜Ã^ XÁcÕ ÂV◊FÃ^Á AEıªR«ÙO
%ÁX◊≥VTˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜_Á], %◊W˝Eı‹ô«ˆ AcÕ [˝Ó[˝ÿöˆÁ ]ÁT ˆ\ˆ◊N˛Ã[˝ ÊY“]\ˆÁ„[˝ %Áß◊Tˆ VÁX
Eı◊Ã[˝_* A„Eı [˝«◊Mı_Á] Â^ÁG ◊`l˘Á C •≥•L„Ã^ %Y…[[˝Ô =YEıÃ[˝S C %X«E…ı_
%[˝ÿöˆÁ YÁCÃ^Á ◊GÃ^Á‰ªK˜, TˆÁc˜Á„Tˆ %Á◊] ªJÙÃ[˝]Y‹öˆ› V„_Ã[˝ AEıLX, ^Ác˜Á„VÃ[˝ ]„Tˆ
Y“LÁTˆ‹óˆ A[˝e W˝X›-V◊Ã[˝‰V– aÁ]Ó LÁTˆ›Ã^ \ˆÁ„[˝Ã[˝ AEıªRÙO› Y“W˝ÁX %Ü* ]„X Y◊QÕˆ_
ÂacÕ ]Tˆ„Eı EıÁ„^ÔÓ Y◊Ã[˝STˆ EıÃ[˝Á EıwÔ¯[˝Ó [˝◊_Ã^Á a«Ã[˝ÁªRÙO ^ÁyÁÃ[˝ a]Ã^ aEı„_ AEı
a„Ü T ˆTˆ›Ã^ Ê`“S›Ã[˝ ^Áy› c˜cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜_Á], EıÓÁ„+ ÂXTˆÁÃ[˝Á ◊X„L„VÃ[˝ ÿëˆTˆ‹óˆ [˝„≥VÁ[˝ÿôˆ
XÁ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á aEı„_Ã[˝ a„Ü AEı\ˆÁ„[˝ AEı H„Ã[˝ £cÕTˆÁ]* W˝X›, V◊Ã[˝V–, [˝–Á°˘S, È[˝`Ó,
`…V–, [˝ÁÜÁ_›, ]ÁÃ[˝ÁPˆÁ, YÁtÁ[˝›, mLÃ[˝Á◊ªRÙO, ◊V[˝Ó }ÁT ˆ\ˆÁ„[˝ AEı a„Ü UÁ◊EıTˆÁ],
£cÕTˆÁ], FÁcÕTˆÁ]* ]ÁªRÙO›„Tˆ `^ÓÁ, QˆÁ_ \ˆÁTˆ V◊c˜cÕ %Ác˜ÁÃ[˝, a[[˝Ô◊[˝b„Ã^ ÿëˆ„V`›
W˝Ã[˝„SÃ[˝ YÃ[˝ÁEıÁúˆÁ c˜cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜_* Eı◊_EıÁTˆÁ C Â[˝Á„∂ëˆ ac˜„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ◊[˝_ÁTˆ-„ZıÃ[˝Tˆ C
]ÁV–Á„LÃ[˝ ◊Tˆ_Eı EıÁªRÙOÁ [˝–Á°˘Sa‹ôˆÁX AEı a„Ü ◊]◊`Ã^Á ◊GÃ^Á◊ªK˜„_X* AcÕ %Á◊_Y«Ã[˝
ÂL„_ [˝ÁaEıÁ_›X %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ÂV„`Ã[˝ Eı„Ã^V›, %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ÂV„`Ã[˝ ªJÙÁbÁ, Â_Ác˜ÁÃ[˝, E«ı]ÁÃ[˝,
ÂQˆÁ]-[˝ÁGÀV›Ã[˝ a]ÁX %Ác˜ÁÃ[˝, a]ÁX UÁEıÁ, a]ÁX EırÙ, a]ÁX ]ÁX]^ÔÓÁVÁ _Á\ˆ
Eı◊Ã[˝^Ã Á [˝◊« Mı_Á] a[[˝`Ô [Ã ˝›[Ã ˝[˝Áa› XÁÃ[˝Á^Ã S AcÕ aÁ]Ó[˝ÁV, AcÕ AEıTˆÁ, AcÕ ÂV`[˝ÓÁY›
}ÁT ˆ\ˆÁ„[˝ a∂ˆÇTˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á Â^X %Á]ÁÃ[˝ L›[˝X[˝–„Tˆ ÿëˆÁl˘Ã[˝ ◊VÃ^Á‰ªK˜X* Â^◊VX
LXΩ\…ˆ◊]Ã[˝÷◊YS› LG#XX›Ã[˝ Y◊[˝y ]â¯„Y ÂV„`Ã[˝ a[[˝Ô Ê`“S› }ÁT ˆ\ˆÁ„[˝ AEıY“ÁS
c˜cÕÃ^Á LG„TˆÃ[˝ a∂ˆÇ«„F =~Tˆ]ÿôˆ„Eı VÒÁQÕˆÁcÕ„[˝X, ac˜[˝Áa› %ÁaÁ]› C Eı„Ã^V›„VÃ[˝
ÊY“]Y…SÔ %ÁªJÙÃ[˝„S A[˝e Ã[˝ÁLY«Ã[˝”b„VÃ[˝ AcÕ aÁ]Ó\ˆÁ„[˝ AcÕ EıÁÃ[˝Á[˝Á„a c˜÷V„Ã^Ã[˝
]„W˝Ó ÂacÕ £\ˆ◊V„XÃ[˝ Y…[[˝ÁÔ \ˆÁa _Á\ˆ Eı◊[Ã ˝^Ã Á EıTˆ[˝Á[Ã ˝ c˜bÁÔ ◊XüTˆ C Y«_◊EıTˆ c˜c˜TO ˆÁ]*
Âa◊VX ÂV◊F_Á] Y«XÁÃ[˝ ""Indian Social Reformer'' %Á]ÁÃ[˝ AEıªRÙO› ac˜L
Â[˝ÁW˝G]Ó =◊N˛ _cÕÃ^Á ◊[˝V–÷Y Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á [˝◊_Ã^Á‰ªK˜X, ""ÂL„_ \ˆG[˝d-aÁ◊~„W˝ÓÃ[˝ [˝QÕˆ
ªK˜QÕˆÁªK˜◊QÕˆ c˜cÕ_ ÂV◊F„Tˆ◊ªK˜!'' c˜ÁÃ^, ]ÁXa§]Á„Xüb› %î ◊[˝VÓÁÃ^, %î aVÀm„S
G◊[[˝ÔTˆ ]ÁX«„bÃ[˝ %c˜·¯ÁÃ[˝ C %îTˆÁ! ÂL„_, E«ıªRÙO›„Ã[˝, %Á`“„], V«fF›Ã[˝ c˜÷V„Ã^
\ˆG[˝d-Y“EıÁ` XÁ c˜cÕÃ^Á [˝«◊Mı W˝X›Ã[˝ ◊[˝_Áa-]◊≥V„Ã[˝ [˝Á a«FÁ„Xüb› ÿëˆÁUÔÁµ˘ aeaÁÃ[˝›Ã[˝
%ÁÃ[˝Á]-`^ÓÁÃ^ TˆÁc˜Á aêˆ[˝? \ˆG[˝ÁX ◊[˝VÓÁ, a§], Â_ÁEı]ÁXÓTˆÁ, Â_ÁEıY“èaÁ,
[˝Á◊c˜ÓEı ÿëˆ¨K˜≥VTˆÁ C a\ˆÓTˆÁ ÂV„FX XÁ* ◊Tˆ◊X V«fF›Ã[˝ ◊XEı‰ªRÙOcÕ VÃ^Á]Ã^› ]ÁT ˆÃ[˝÷Y
Y“EıÁ` Eı„Ã[˝X* ◊^◊X ]ÁX[˝]Á‰y, LÁ◊Tˆ„Tˆ, ÿëˆ„V„`, V«fF› GÃ[˝›[˝ Y◊TˆTˆ YÁY›„Tˆ
XÁÃ[˝ÁÃ^S„Eı ÂV◊FÃ^Á ÂacÕ XÁÃ[˝ÁÃ^„SÃ[˝ Âa[˝ÁÃ^ L›[˝X a]YÔS Eı„Ã[˝X TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝cÕ c˜÷V„Ã^
XÁÃ[˝ÁÃ^S %Á◊aÃ^Á [˝„aX* %ÁÃ[˝ =xÁ„XÁVÓTˆ Y◊TˆTˆ LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó ÂV`„a[˝„EıÃ[˝
◊X#¤X EıÁÃ[˝ÁGÁ„Ã[˝cÕ \ˆG[˝d-aÁ◊~„W˝ÓÃ[˝ ªK˜QÕˆÁªK˜◊QÕˆ aêˆ[˝*

ÂL_Ã[˝ %Á◊aÃ^Á Eı∂ëˆ_ C UÁ_Á-[˝ÁªRÙO›Ã[˝ [˝„≥VÁ[˝ÿôˆ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ªJÙ◊_Ã^Á ÂG„_ YÃ[˝
%Á◊] Eı∂ëˆ„_Ã[˝ =Y„Ã[˝ [˝◊aÃ^Á ÂL„_Ã[˝ V `Ó ÂV◊F„Tˆ _Á◊G_Á]* AcÕ ◊X#¤X
EıÁÃ[˝Á[˝Áa _Á_[˝ÁLÁÃ[˝ c˜ÁLTˆ c˜cÕ„Tˆ %„XEı \ˆÁ_ Â[˝ÁW˝ c˜cÕ_* ÂaFÁ„X ÂacÕ
Y“EıÁâ¯ H„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ◊X#¤XTˆÁ Â^X ◊[˝`Á_ [˝Y« ªK˜QÕˆÁcÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ %[˝EıÁ` YÁcÕÃ^Á %ÁÃ[˝C
◊X#¤XTˆÁ [˝ ◊à˘ Eı„Ã[˝* AcÕFÁ„X l«˘V– H„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ÂVCÃ^Á_ aÜ›ÿëˆÃ[˝÷Y Â^X ◊XEı‰ªRÙO
%Á◊aÃ^Á [˝–°˘]Ã^ c˜cÕÃ^Á %Á◊_ÜX Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ =VÓTˆ* ÂacÕFÁ„X ÂVÁTˆÁ_ÁÃ[˝ H„Ã[˝Ã[˝ %◊Tˆ
=¨JÙ LÁXÁ_Á ◊VÃ^Á [˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝Ã[˝ %ÁEıÁ`C ÂVFÁ ^ÁÃ^ XÁ, AcÕ LG„Tˆ GÁªK˜YÁ_Á,
]ÁX«b, Y£-Yl˘›, [˝ÁQÕˆ›-HÃ[˝ Â^ %Á‰ªK˜ TˆÁc˜Á %„XEı[˝ÁÃ[˝ EıîXÁ EıÃ[˝Á Eı◊PˆX c˜Ã^*
AcÕ ÿöˆÁ„X =PˆÁ„XÃ[˝ VÃ[˝LÁ ÂFÁ_Á UÁEıÁÃ^ GÃ[˝Á„VÃ[˝ ◊XEı‰ªRÙO [˝◊a„_ [˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝ ÂL„_Ã[˝
ÂFÁ_Á LÁÃ^GÁ C Eı„Ã^V›„VÃ[˝ ^ÁTˆÁÃ^ÁTˆ ÂVFÁ ^ÁÃ^* =PˆÁ„XÃ[˝ ÂVCÃ^Á„_Ã[˝ GÁ„Ã^
AEıªRÙO› [˝ l˘ ◊ªK˜_, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ XÃ^XÃ[˝tEı X›◊_]ÁÃ^ Y“ÁS L«QÕˆÁcÕTˆÁ]* ªK˜Ã^ ◊Qˆy‘›Ã[˝ ªK˜Ã^ªRÙO›
H„Ã[˝Ã[˝ aÁ]„X Â^ `Á‹óˆ› H«◊Ã[˝Ã^Á UÁ„Eı, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ]«F C YV`å %„XEı[˝ÁÃ[˝ Y◊Ã[˝◊ªJÙTˆ
[˝µ«˘Ã[˝ ÂHÁÃ[˝Á„ZıÃ[˝ÁÃ[˝ ]Tˆ ◊Y“Ã^ Â[˝ÁW˝ c˜cÕTˆ* H„Ã[˝Ã[˝ YÁ`üÔ[˝w¯fi ÂGÁÃ^Á_H„Ã[˝Ã[˝ Eı„Ã^V›Ã[˝Á
H„Ã[˝Ã[˝ a∂ˆÇ«F ◊VÃ^Á GÃ[˝” ªJÙÃ[˝ÁcÕ„Tˆ _cÕÃ^Á ^ÁcÕTˆ* GÃ[˝” C ÂGÁYÁ_ ◊XTˆÓ ◊Y“Ã^ V `Ó
◊ªK˜_* %Á◊_Y«„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ◊X#¤X EıÁÃ[˝Á[˝Á„a %Y…[[˝Ô ÊY“]◊`l˘Á YÁcÕ_Á]* AcÕFÁ„X
%Á◊a[˝ÁÃ[˝ %Á„G ]ÁX«„bÃ[˝ ]„W˝ÓC %Á]ÁÃ[˝ [˝Ó◊N˛GTˆ \ˆÁ_[˝ÁaÁ %◊Tˆ`Ã^ l«˘V– Gâ¯›„Tˆ
%Á[˝à˘ ◊ªK˜_ A[˝e Y£-Yl˘›Ã[˝ =YÃ[˝ Ã[˝”à˘ ÊY“]‰ÿÉˆÁTˆ Y“ÁÃ^ [˝◊c˜Tˆ XÁ* ]„X %Á‰ªK˜
Ã[˝◊[˝ [˝Á[˝«Ã[˝ AEıªRÙO› Eı◊[˝TˆÁÃ^ ]◊c˜„bÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ G–Á]Ó [˝Á_„EıÃ[˝ G\ˆ›Ã[˝ \ˆÁ_[˝ÁaÁ [˝QÕˆ
a«≥VÃ[˝\ˆÁ„[˝ [˝◊SÔTˆ %Á‰ªK˜, ÂacÕ Eı◊[˝TˆÁ Y“U] Y◊QÕˆ^Ã Á ◊EıKª ˜« „TˆcÕ TˆÁc˜Á %Á]ÁÃ[˝ c˜÷V^Ã Ü]
c˜Ã^ XÁcÕ, \ˆÁ„[˝Ã[˝ [˝SÔXÁÃ^ %◊Tˆ`„Ã^Á◊N˛ C %ÿëˆÁ\ˆÁ◊[˝EıTˆÁ ÂVÁb ÂV◊FÃ^Á◊ªK˜_Á]*
AFX Y◊QÕˆ„_ TˆÁc˜Á %XÓ ªJÙ„l˘ ÂV◊FTˆÁ]* %Á◊_Y«„Ã[˝ [˝◊aÃ^Á [˝«◊Mı„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝_Á],
a[[˝ÔY“EıÁÃ[˝ L›„[˝Ã[˝ =YÃ[˝ ]ÁX«„bÃ[˝ Y“Á„S ◊Eı G\ˆ›Ã[˝ \ˆÁ_[˝ÁaÁ ÿöˆÁX YÁcÕ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝,
GÃ[˝”, YÁF›, ◊YY›◊_EıÁ Y^ÔÓ‹ôˆ ÂV◊FÃ^Á ◊Eı Tˆ›[˝– %ÁX≥V ÿˆè«ıÃ[˝„S ]ÁX«„bÃ[˝ Y“ÁS
%◊ÿöˆÃ[˝ c˜cÕ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝*
EıÁÃ[˝Á[˝Á„aÃ[˝ Y“U] ◊VX `Á◊‹ôˆ„Tˆ EıÁ◊ªRÙOÃ^Á ÂG_* a[˝cÕ X…TˆX, TˆÁc˜Á„Tˆ ]„X
ÿˆè…ı◊wÔ¯ c˜cÕ_* _Á_[˝ÁLÁÃ[˝ c˜ÁL„TˆÃ[˝ a„Ü T«ˆ_XÁ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á AcÕ %[˝ÿöˆÁ„TˆcÕ Y“›◊Tˆ_Á\ˆ
Eı◊Ã[˝_Á] A[˝e \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ ◊X\ˆ¤Ã[˝ ◊ªK˜_ [˝◊_Ã^Á AFÁ„X ◊X#¤XTˆÁ Â[˝ÁW˝ c˜Ã^
XÁcÕ* ÂL„_Ã[˝ %Ác˜Á„Ã[˝Ã[˝ %‡«ˆTˆ ÊªJÙc˜ÁÃ[˝Á ÂV◊FÃ^ÁC AcÕ \ˆÁ„[˝Ã[˝ [˝ÓÁHÁTˆ c˜Ã^ XÁcÕ*
Â]ÁªRÙOÁ \ˆÁTˆ, TˆÁc˜Á„TˆC ÂFÁ_Á, Eı·¯Ã[˝, ÂYÁEıÁ, ªJ«Ù_, ]Ã^_Á cÕTˆÓÁ◊V EıTˆ Y“EıÁÃ[˝
]`_Á ÂVCÃ^Á, --- ÿëˆÁVc˜›X QˆÁ„_ L„_Ã[˝ \ˆÁG %◊W˝Eı, TˆÃ[˝EıÁÃ[˝›Ã[˝ ]„W˝Ó HÁa-
YÁTˆÁ £à˘ `ÁEı* ]ÁX«„bÃ[˝ %Ác˜ÁÃ[˝ Â^ ATˆ ÿëˆÁVc˜›X C ◊XfaÁÃ[˝ c˜cÕ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝, TˆÁc˜Á
%Á◊] %Á„G LÁ◊XTˆÁ] XÁ* AcÕ `Á„EıÃ[˝ ◊[˝]bÔ GÁªRÕÙ E ıb’ ]…◊wÔ¯ ÂV◊FÃ^ÁcÕ \ˆÃ^
YÁcÕ_Á], V«cÕ G–Áa FÁcÕÃ^Á TˆÁc˜Á„Eı \ˆ◊N˛Y…SÔ X]ïıÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á [˝#¤X Eı◊Ã[˝_Á]*
aEı_ Eı„Ã^V›Ã[˝ \ˆÁ„GÓ AEıcÕ TˆÃ[˝EıÁÃ[˝› ÂLÁ‰ªRÙO, A[˝e AEı[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÂEıÁX Y“EıÁÃ[˝ TˆÃ[˝EıÁÃ[˝›
%ÁÃ[˝êˆ c˜cÕ„_ TˆÁc˜Á %X‹ôÊıÁ_ ªJÙ◊_„Tˆ UÁ„Eı* AcÕ a]Ã^ `Á„EıÃ[˝ Ã[˝ÁL±ºˆ ◊ªK˜_* ◊VX
^ÁÃ^, Yl˘ ^ÁÃ^, ]Áa ^ÁÃ^, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ V«„[˝_Á `Á„EıÃ[˝ TˆÃ[˝EıÁÃ[˝›, B QˆÁ_, B \ˆÁTˆ*
◊L◊XbªRÙOÁ [˝V_ÁX V…„Ã[˝Ã[˝ EıUÁ, ÊªJÙc˜ÁÃ[˝ÁÃ[˝C Â_`]Áy Y◊Ã[˝[˝wÔ¯X c˜Ã^ XÁcÕ, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝
B ◊XTˆÓ aXÁTˆX %XÁVÓX‹ôˆ %Y◊Ã[˝SÁ]ÁTˆ›Tˆ %◊•Tˆ›Ã^ Ã[˝÷Y* V«cÕ aµ˘ÓÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝ÓcÕ
Eı„Ã^V›„Eı AcÕ X`üÃ[˝ ]ÁÃ^ÁLG„TˆÃ[˝ ÿöˆÁ◊Ã^±ºˆ a∂ëˆ„µ˘ Y“Tˆ›◊Tˆ LXΩÁcÕ„[˝* AcÕ ◊[˝b„Ã^C
%XÓ %ÁaÁ]› c˜cÕ„Tˆ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ \ˆÁGÓ a«Y“a~ ◊ªK˜_, TˆÁc˜ÁC QˆÁN˛ÁÃ[˝[˝Á[˝«Ã[˝ VÃ^ÁÃ^* ◊Tˆ◊X
%Á]ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ c˜ÁaYÁTˆÁ_ c˜cÕ„Tˆ V«„W˝Ã[˝ [˝Ó[˝ÿöˆÁ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜„_X, Tˆ•ÁÃ[˝Á Eı„ÃÊı◊VX
`ÁEı-V`ÔX c˜cÕ„Tˆ Y◊Ã[˝yÁS YÁcÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜_Á]*
ÂacÕ Ã[˝Á‰y aEıÁ_ aEıÁ_ H«]ÁcÕ_Á], ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ◊X◊∏JÙ‹ôˆ ◊XV–Á„\ˆÁG EıÃ[˝Á ◊X#¤X
EıÁÃ[˝Á[˝Á„aÃ[˝ ◊XÃ^] XÃ^, TˆÁc˜Á„Tˆ Eı„Ã^V›Ã[˝ a«F◊Y“Ã^TˆÁ LÁ◊G„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝* ÂacÕ LXÓ
AcÕ ◊XÃ^] %Á‰ªK˜ Â^, ^Tˆ[˝ÁÃ[˝ YÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á [˝V_ÁÃ^, TˆTˆ[˝ÁÃ[˝ Eı„Ã^V›„Eı QˆÁEı cg˜ÁEı
Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á =PˆÁcÕ„Tˆ c˜Ã^, aÁQÕˆÁ XÁ ◊V„_ ªK˜Á◊QÕˆ„Tˆ XÁcÕ* ^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á ^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á ªK˜Ã^ ◊Qˆy‘›„Tˆ
YÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á ◊V„TˆX, TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó %„X„Eı AcÕ EıwÔ¯[˝ÓYÁ_„X ◊[˝]«F ◊ªK˜„_X, ---
◊aYÁc˜›„VÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó Y“ÁÃ^cÕ Eı‰PˆÁÃ[˝ EıwÔ¯[˝Ó p˚ÁX %„Yl˘Á VÃ^Á C ac˜ÁX«\…ˆ◊TˆÃ[˝ \ˆÁ[˝
%◊W˝Eı ◊ªK˜_, ◊[˝„`bTˆf ◊c˜≥V«ÿöˆÁX›„VÃ[˝ ÿëˆ\ˆÁ[˝ AcÕÃ[˝÷Y* Eı„ÃÊıLX ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ªK˜Á‰QÕˆ
XÁcÕ* TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á %Á]Á◊VG„Eı AcÕÃ[˝÷„Y =PˆÁcÕÃ^Á AcÕ E«ı`_ ae[˝ÁV ◊Lp˚ÁaÁ Eı◊Ã[˝Tˆ,
""[˝Á[˝« \ˆÁ_ %Á‰ªK˜X Tˆ?'' AcÕ %a]Ã^ Ã[˝cãÓ a[˝ a]Ã^ Y“›◊TÊıÃ[˝ c˜cÕTˆ XÁ, Tˆ„[˝
[˝«◊Mı_Á] ^Ác˜ÁÃ[˝Á AcÕÃ[˝÷Y Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜ TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á aÃ[˝_\ˆÁ„[˝ ◊XÃ^] [˝◊_Ã^Á %Á]Á◊VG„Eı
=PˆÁcÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜* Eı„ÃÊı◊VX ◊[˝Ã[˝N˛ c˜cÕÃ^ÁC cÕc˜Á ac˜Ó Eı◊Ã[˝_Á], Â`„b ◊XV–Á Ã[˝l˘ÁÃ[˝
LXÓ W˝]Eı ◊V„Tˆ c˜cÕ_* V«cÕ ªJÙÁ◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ W˝]Eı ◊V[˝ÁÃ[˝ Y„Ã[˝ ÂV◊F_Á], Ã[˝Á‰y E«ı`_
ae[˝ÁV ÂXCÃ^Á Y“UÁ %ÁY◊XcÕ =◊PˆÃ^Á ÂG_*
YÃ[˝◊VX aEıÁ„_ Jª ÙÁ◊Ã[˝Rª ÙÁO [˝Á◊LÃ^Á Y„XÃ[˝ ◊]◊X‰ªRÙO ÂL„_Ã[˝ H∞RÙÁO [˝Á◊L_* Eı„^Ã V›„VÃ[˝
=PˆÁcÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ AcÕ Y“U] H∞RÙOÁ* Eı„ÃÊı ◊]◊XªRÙO YÃ[˝ %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ H∞RÙOÁ [˝Á„L, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝
YÃ[˝ Eı„Ã^V›Ã[˝Á ZıÁcÕ„_ [˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝ %Á„a, c˜ÁTˆ ]«F W˝«cÕÃ^Á _ZÀıa› FÁcÕÃ^Á FÁªªR«ÙO◊X %ÁÃ[˝êˆ
Eı„Ã[˝* ATˆ H∞RÙOÁ [˝ÁLÁ„XÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó H«] c˜CÃ^Á %aêˆ[˝ [˝«◊MıÃ^Á %Á◊]C =◊Pˆ_Á]*
5ªRÙOÁÃ[˝ a]Ã^ GÃ[˝ÁV ÂFÁ_Á c˜Ã^, %Á◊] c˜ÁTˆ-]«F W˝«cÕÃ^Á %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ H„Ã[˝ [˝◊a_Á]*
%îl˘S Y„Ã[˝ _ZÀıa› %Á]ÁÃ[˝ VÃ[˝LÁÃ^ c˜Á◊LÃ[˝ c˜cÕ_ ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ÂacÕ ◊VX TˆÁc˜Á FÁcÕ
XÁcÕ, ÂEı[˝_ TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ a◊c˜Tˆ ªJÙÁl«˘b Y◊Ã[˝ªJÙÃ^ c˜cÕ_* cÕc˜ÁÃ[˝ Eı„ÃÊı◊VX Y„Ã[˝ Y“U][˝ÁÃ[˝
AcÕ YÃ[˝]Á~ Â\ˆÁG c˜Ã^* _ZÀıa›Ã[˝ %UÔ ÂZı„XÃ[˝ a◊c˜Tˆ ◊aà˘ \ˆÁTˆ, cÕc˜ÁcÕ Eı„Ã^V›Ã[˝
ÊªK˜ÁªRÙO c˜ÁLÃ[˝›* _ZÀıa›Ã[˝ ◊≈y]…◊wÔ¯ [˝Á ◊TˆX %[˝ÿöˆÁ %Á‰ªK˜* Y“U] ◊VX _ZÀıa›Ã[˝
Y“Áp˚\ˆÁ[˝, %◊]◊`“Tˆ ]…_YVÁUÔ, £à˘ ◊`[˝ £}]…◊wÔ¯* ◊•Tˆ›^Ã ◊VX _ZÀıa›Ã[˝ ◊c˜[Ã ˝SÓG\ˆ,¤
QˆÁ„_ ◊aà˘, ◊FªJ«Ù◊QÕˆ XÁ„] %◊\ˆ◊c˜Tˆ, Y›Tˆ[˝SÔ, XÁXÁ W˝]Ôa·«¯_* T ˆTˆ›Ã^ ◊V„X _ZÀıa›Ã[˝
◊[˝Ã[˝ÁªRÙO ]…◊wÔ¯ %î m‰QÕˆ ◊]◊`“Tˆ, W˝…aÃ[˝ [˝SÔ, ◊EıÃ^d Y◊Ã[˝]Á„S ]X«„bÓÃ[˝ [˝Ó[˝c˜ÁÃ[˝
Â^ÁGÓ* %Á◊] Y“Áp˚ C ◊c˜Ã[˝SÓG\ˆ¤ Âa[˝X aÁW˝ÁÃ[˝S ]Tˆ¤Ó ]X«„bÓÃ[˝ %Tˆ›Tˆ [˝◊_Ã^Á
TˆÓÁG Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜_Á], AEı AEı[˝ÁÃ[˝ ◊[˝Ã[˝Á‰ªRÙOÃ[˝ V«G–Áa =VÃ[˝ÿöˆ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á [˝ ◊ªRÙO` Ã[˝ÁL„±ºˆÃ[˝
XÁXÁ aVÀmS C YÁ∏JÙÁTˆÓ a\ˆÓTˆÁÃ[˝ =¨JÙ V„Ã[˝Ã[˝ humanitarianism \ˆÁ◊[˝„Tˆ
\ˆÁ◊[˝„Tˆ %ÁX„≥V ]G¬ c˜cÕTˆÁ]* [˝_Á =◊ªJÙTˆ _ZÀıa›cÕ [˝ÁÜÁ_› Eı„Ã^V›Ã[˝ AEı]Áy
Y«◊rÙEıÃ[˝ %Ác˜ÁÃ[˝, %ÁÃ[˝ a[˝cÕ aÁÃ[˝`…XÓ* TˆÁc˜Á c˜cÕ„_C [˝Á ◊Eı c˜cÕ„[˝? TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝
Â^Ã[˝÷Y ÿëˆÁV, TˆÁc˜Á ÂEı[˝_ l«˘W˝ÁÃ[˝ ÊªJÙÁ‰ªRÙOcÕ FÁCÃ^Á ^ÁÃ^, TˆÁc˜ÁC ÂLÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á,
]X„Eı EıTˆ [˝«MıÁcÕÃ^Á Tˆ„[˝ FÁcÕ„Tˆ c˜Ã^*
Âa◊VX aÁ‰QÕˆ AGÁÃ[˝ªRÙOÁÃ[˝ a]Ã^ ÿoˆÁX Eı◊Ã[˝_Á]* Y“U] ªJÙÁ◊Ã[˝ YgÁªJÙ ◊VX [˝ÁQÕˆ›
c˜cÕ„Tˆ ^Ác˜Á Y◊Ã[˝Ã^Á %Á◊aÃ^Á◊ªK˜_Á], TˆÁc˜ÁcÕ Y◊Ã[˝Ã^Á UÁ◊Eı„Tˆ c˜cÕ_* Tˆ„[˝ ÿoˆÁ„XÃ[˝
a]Ã^ Â^ ÂGÁÃ^Á_H„Ã[˝[Ã ˝ [˝à ˘ Eı„^Ã V› CÃ^ÁQÔˆÁ[Ã ˝ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ [Ã ˝l˘SÁ„[˝l˘„S ◊X^«N˛ c˜c˜^ÃO Á◊ªK˜„_X
◊Tˆ◊X AEıRª Ù›O A◊â¯[Ã ˝ ÂVQÕˆ c˜ÁTˆ Jª ÙCQÕˆÁ EıÁYQÕˆ Â^ÁGÁQÕˆ Eı◊[Ã ˝^Ã Á◊ªK˜„_X, %Á]ÁÃ[˝ AEı]Áy
[˝ÿóˆ £EıÁX Y^ÔÓ‹ôˆ cÕc˜Á Y◊Ã[˝Ã^Á [˝◊aÃ^Á UÁ◊EıTˆÁ]* %Á]ÁÃ^ EıÁYQÕˆ EıÁ◊ªJÙ„Tˆ [˝Á
[˝ÁaX ]Á◊L„Tˆ c˜cÕTˆ XÁ, ÂGÁÃ^Á_H„Ã[˝Ã[˝ AEıLX Eı„Ã^V› cÕc˜Á Eı◊Ã[˝Tˆ* AGÁÃ[˝ªRÙOÁÃ[˝
a]Ã^ FÁCÃ^Á* H„Ã[˝ ªJ«ÙYQÕˆ›Ã[˝ aÁ◊~W˝Ó [˝#¤X Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ G–›„πÇÃ[˝ ÂÃ[˝ÏV– ac˜Ó
Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á Y“ÁÃ^cÕ =PˆÁ„X FÁcÕTˆÁ]* `Á‹óˆ›C cÕc˜Á„Tˆ [˝ÁW˝Á ◊V„TˆX XÁ* aµ˘ÓÁÃ[˝ FÁCÃ^Á
YgÁªJÙªRÙOÁ, aÁ‰QÕˆ YgÁªJÙªRÙOÁÃ[˝ a]Ã^ c˜cÕTˆ* TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ YÃ[˝ %ÁÃ[˝ GÃ[˝ÁV ÂFÁ_Á ◊X◊bà˘ ◊ªK˜_*
aÁTˆªRÙOÁÃ[˝ a]Ã^ aµ˘ÓÁÃ[˝ H∞RÙOÁ [˝Á„L* ]«FÓ L]ÁVÁÃ[˝ Eı„Ã^V› CÃ^ÁQÔˆÁÃ[˝„VÃ[˝ AEıy
Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á =Í¨JÙfÿëˆ„Ã[˝ XÁ] Y◊QÕˆÃ^Á ^ÁX, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Y„Ã[˝ aEı„_ ÿëˆ ÿëˆ ÿöˆÁ„X ^ÁÃ^* `“Á‹ôˆ
Eı„Ã^V› ◊XV–ÁÃ[˝ `Ã[˝S _cÕÃ^Á ÂL„_Ã[˝ ÂacÕ AEı]Áy a«F %X«\ˆ[˝ Eı„Ã[˝* AcÕ a]Ã^
V«[[˝Ô_‰ªJÙTˆÁ ◊X„LÃ[˝ V«\ˆ¤ÁGÓ [˝Á \ˆ◊[˝bÓd ÂL_V«fF \ˆÁ◊[˝Ã^Á EgıÁ„V* \ˆG[˝‡ˆN˛,
X›Ã[˝[˝ Ã[˝Á◊≈y„Tˆ <`üÃ[˝-aÁ◊~W˝Ó %X«\ˆ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á Y“ÁUÔXÁÃ^ [˝Á W˝ÓÁ„X %ÁX≥V Â\ˆÁG
Eı„Ã[˝X* Ã[˝Á◊≈y„Tˆ AcÕ V«\ˆ¤ÁGÓ-Y◊TˆTˆ a]ÁL-Y›◊QÕˆTˆ ◊TˆX ac˜ÿÉˆ <`üÃ[˝a rÙ Y“ÁS›Ã[˝
ÂacÕ %Á◊_Y«Ã[˝ ÂL_ ÿëˆÃ[˝÷Y Y“EıÁâ¯ ^‹óˆSÁG c˜ ◊[˝`Á_ X›Ã[˝[˝TˆÁÃ^ ]G¬ c˜Ã^*
^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á %Á]ÁÃ[˝ a„Ü AEı %◊\ˆ„^Á„G %◊\ˆ^«N˛, TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ a„Ü ÂL„_ Y“ÁÃ^cÕ
ÂVFÁ c˜cÕTˆ XÁ* TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á ÿëˆTˆ‹óˆ ÿöˆÁ„X Ã[˝◊l˘Tˆ ◊ªK˜„_X* ªK˜Ã^ ◊Qˆy‘›Ã[˝ Y∏JÙÁ‡ˆÁ„G l«˘V–
l«˘V– H„Ã[˝Ã[˝ V«ªRÙO› _ÁcÕX ◊ªK˜_, AcÕ V«ªRÙO› _ÁcÕ„X a[˝ £à˘ ªJ«ÙÃ^Á◊{`ªRÙO› HÃ[˝, ÂacÕ LXÓ
cÕc˜Á„Eı ªJ«ÙÃ^Á◊{` ◊Qˆy‘› [˝„_* AcÕ ◊Qˆy‘›Ã[˝ AEıªRÙO› _ÁcÕ„X %◊W˝EıÁe` %ÁaÁ]›Ã[˝
[˝ÁaÿöˆÁX ◊X◊Å¤rÙ ◊ªK˜_* TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á cell-A %Á[˝à˘ c˜cÕÃ^ÁC ◊X#¤X EıÁÃ[˝Á[˝Áa Â\ˆÁG
Eı„Ã[˝X XÁcÕ, ÂEıX XÁ AEı H„Ã[˝ ◊TˆXLX Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á UÁ◊Eı„TˆX* ÂL„_Ã[˝ %XÓ ◊V„Eı
%ÁÃ[˝ AEıªRÙO› ◊Qˆy‘› ◊ªK˜_, TˆÁc˜Á„Tˆ Eı„ÃÊıªRÙO› [˝QÕˆ HÃ[˝ ◊ªK˜_; AEı AEıªRÙO› H„Ã[˝ [˝ÁÃ[˝LX
Y^ÔÓ‹ôˆ UÁ◊Eı„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝Tˆ* ^gÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ \ˆÁ„GÓ AcÕ ◊Qˆy‘› Y◊QÕˆTˆ, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á %◊W˝Eı a«„F
UÁ◊Eı„TˆX* AcÕ ◊Qˆy‘›„Tˆ %„X„Eı AEı H„Ã[˝ %Á[˝à˘ ◊ªK˜„_X, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á Ã[˝ÁTˆ ◊VX
Gî Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ %[˝aÃ[˝ C ]X«bÓ-aeaGÔ _Á\ˆ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á a«„F EıÁ_^ÁYX Eı◊Ã[˝„TˆX*
Tˆ„[˝ TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó AEıLX AcÕ a«„F [˝◊á˚Tˆ ◊ªK˜„_X* cÕ◊X Âc˜]ªJÙ≥V– VÁa* LÁ◊X
XÁ ÂEıX cÕc˜ÁÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ Eıw Ô¯Y„l˘Ã[˝ ◊[˝„`b \ˆÃ^ %U[˝Á Ây‘ÁW˝ ◊ªK˜_, ATˆ Â_Á„EıÃ[˝
]„W˝Ó ◊X#¤X EıÁÃ[˝Á[˝Á„aÃ[˝ ^‹óˆSÁ Â\ˆÁG EıÃ[˝ÁcÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ Eıw Ô¯Yl˘ TgˆÁc˜Á„EıcÕ ÿëˆTˆ‹ó
Êı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜„_X* Âc˜]ªJÙ‰≥V–Ã[˝ ◊X„LÃ[˝ W˝ÁÃ[˝SÁ ◊ªK˜_ Â^, Y«◊_a %„`b ÊªJÙrÙÁ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^ÁC
TgˆÁc˜Á„Eı ÂVÁb ÿëˆ›EıÁÃ[˝ EıÃ[˝ÁcÕ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝X XÁcÕ [˝◊_Ã^Á TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ AcÕ Ây‘ÁW˝*
TgˆÁc˜Á„Eı AcÕ ◊Qˆy‘›Ã[˝ AEıªRÙO› %◊Tˆ l«˘V– H„Ã[˝ %Á[˝à˘ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á [˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝Ã[˝ VÃ[˝LÁ Y^ÔÓ‹ôˆ
[˝µ˘ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á Ã[˝ÁFÁ c˜cÕTˆ* [˝◊_Ã^Á◊ªK˜, cÕc˜ÁcÕ AcÕ ◊[˝„`b aÁLÁÃ[˝ ªJÙÃ[˝] %[˝ÿöˆÁ* ]Á„Mı
]Á„Mı Y«◊_a XÁXÁ LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝, XÁXÁ [˝„SÔÃ[˝, XÁXÁ %ÁE ı◊TˆÃ[˝ aÁl˘› %ÁXÁcÕÃ^Á iden-
tification Y“cãX %◊\ˆX^ Ã Eı[Ã ˝Ác˜TO ˆ* TˆFX %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ aEı_„Eı %Á◊Zı„aÃ[˝ a∂ˆÇ„« F
AEı V›HÔ Ê`“S›[˝à˘ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á VÒÁQÕˆ EıÃ[˝ÁcÕTˆ* ÂL„_Ã[˝ Eıw Ô¯Y„l˘Ã[˝Á %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ a„Ü
ÂL„_Ã[˝ %XÓ %XÓ Â]ÁEıÅ]ÁÃ[˝ %ÁaÁ]› ◊]`ÁcÕÃ^Á TˆÁc˜Á◊VG„Eı ÂVFÁcÕ„TˆX* cÕc˜Á
◊Eı‹ô«ˆ XÁ„]Ã[˝ LXÓ* AcÕ %ÁaÁ]›„VÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó ◊`◊l˘Tˆ [˝Á \ˆV–„_ÁEı AEıLXC ◊ªK˜_
XÁ, ^FX TˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ a◊c˜Tˆ AEı Ê`“S›„Tˆ VÒÁQÕˆÁcÕTˆÁ], TˆFX AcÕ V«cÕ Y“EıÁÃ[˝
%ÁaÁ]›[˝„GÔÃ[˝ ATˆ %◊]_ UÁ◊EıTˆ Â^, AEı ◊V„Eı Â[˝Á]ÁÃ[˝ Â]ÁEıÅ]ÁÃ^ %◊\ˆ^«N˛
[˝Á_Eı„VÃ[˝ ÂTˆLÿëˆ› Tˆ›©¬˘[˝◊« à˘ Y“EıÁÈı ]«„FÃ[˝ \ˆÁ[˝ C GPˆX A[˝e %XÓ◊V„Eı aÁW˝Á[Ã ˝S
%ÁaÁ]›Ã[˝ ]◊_X ÂYÁbÁEı C ◊X‰ÿôˆL ]«„FÃ[˝ ÊªJÙc˜ÁÃ[˝Á ÂV◊FÃ^Á ÂEı ÂEıÁX Ê`“S›Ã[˝
Â_ÁEı TˆÁc˜Á ◊^◊X ◊XSÔÃ^ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ XÁ YÁ◊Ã[˝„TˆX, TgˆÁc˜Á„Eı ◊X„[[˝ÔÁW˝ ÂEıX, ◊XE ırÙ
]X«bÓ[˝«◊à˘Ã[˝◊c˜Tˆ [˝◊_„Tˆ c˜Ã^* AcÕ identification YÓÁ„Ã[˝Qˆ %ÁaÁ]›„VÃ[˝ %◊Y“Ã^
◊ªK˜_ XÁ* ATˆ•ÁÃ[˝Á ÂL„_Ã[˝ AEı„H„Ã^ L›[˝„X AEıRª Ù›O È[˝◊Jª ÙyÓ c˜c˜TO ˆ, A[˝e YÃ[˝&[Ã ˝„Eı
V«ªRÙO› EıUÁC [˝◊_[˝ÁÃ[˝ %[˝EıÁ` YÁCÃ^Á ^ÁcÕTˆ* ÊG–äÁ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ YÃ[˝ AcÕÃ[˝÷Y AEıªRÙO›
YÓÁ„Ã[˝„Qˆ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ \ˆÁcÕ [˝ÁÃ[˝›≥V–„Eı Y“U] ÂV◊F„Tˆ YÁcÕ_Á], ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ a„Ü TˆFX
EıUÁ c˜Ã^ XÁcÕ* Y“ÁÃ^cÕ X„Ã[˝≥V–XÁU ÂGÁÿëˆÁ]›cÕ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ YÁ„`üÔ VÒÁQÕˆÁcÕ„TˆX, ÂacÕ LXÓ
TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ a„Ü TˆFX AcÕ a]„Ã^ %Á_ÁY AEıªR«ÙO %◊W˝Eı c˜cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜_* ÂGgÁaÁcÕ %◊Tˆ`Ã^
a«Y«Ã[˝”b, _∂ëˆÁ, ZıÃ[˝aÁ, [˝◊_úˆ, Y«rÙEıÁÃ^ ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ÊªJÙÁ„FÃ[˝ \ˆÁ[˝ E«ı[˝ ◊w¯ Y“EıÁÈı
◊ªK˜_, EıUÁÃ^C [˝«◊à˘]w¯ÁÃ[˝ ÂEıÁX _l˘S YÁcÕ XÁcÕ* AcÕ ◊[˝b„Ã^ %XÓ ^«[˝Eı„VÃ[˝
a„Ü TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ◊[˝„`b Y“„\ˆV ◊ªK˜_* TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ ]«„F Y“ÁÃ^cÕ =¨JÙ C Y◊[˝y \ˆÁ[˝
%◊W˝Eı A[˝e EıUÁÃ^ Y“FÃ[˝ [˝«◊à˘, p˚ÁX◊_¥aÁ C ]c˜d ÿëˆÁUÔc˜›X %ÁEıÁIl˘Á Y“EıÁ`
YÁcÕTˆ* ÂGgÁaÁcÕ„Ã^Ã[˝ EıUÁ ◊X„[[˝ÔÁW˝ C _H«‰ªJÙTˆÁ Â_Á„EıÃ[˝ EıUÁÃ[˝ XÓÁÃ^ c˜cÕ„_C
ÂTˆL C aÁcãY…SÔ ◊ªK˜_* TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ TˆFX a+…SÔ ◊[˝`üÁa ◊ªK˜_ Â^, ◊Tˆ◊X FÁ_Áa
YÁcÕ„[˝X* ◊Tˆ◊X [˝◊_„TˆX, ""%Á]ÁÃ[˝ [˝Á[˝Á Â]ÁEıÅ]ÁÃ[˝ Eı›ªRÙO, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ a„Ü Y«◊_a
EıFXC YÁ◊Ã[˝„[˝ XÁ* %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ALÁc˜ÁÃ[˝C %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ◊[˝Ã[˝”„à˘ ^ÁcÕ„[˝ XÁ, Y“]Á◊STˆ
c˜c˜„O [˝ Y«◊_a %Á]Á„Eı `ÁÃ[˝›◊Ã[˝Eı ^‹óˆSÁ ◊VÃ^Á ALÁc˜Á[Ã ˝ Eı[Ã ˝Ác˜^ÃO Á‰ªK˜*'' %Á◊] ◊Lp˚ÁaÁ
Eı◊Ã[˝_Á], ""T«ˆ◊] Y«◊_„aÃ[˝ c˜Á„Tˆ ◊ªK˜„_* aÁl˘› ÂEıÁUÁÃ^?'' ÂGgÁaÁcÕ %∂⁄ˆÁX[˝V„X
[˝◊_„_X, ""%Á]ÁÃ[˝ [˝Á[˝Á EıTˆ `Tˆ Â]ÁEıÅ]Á Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X, C a[˝ Â[˝` Â[˝Á„MıX*
aÁl˘›Ã[˝ %\ˆÁ[˝ c˜cÕ„[˝ XÁ*'' AcÕÃ[˝÷Y Â_ÁEıcÕ Approver c˜Ã^*
cÕ◊TˆY…„[[˝Ô %ÁaÁ]›Ã[˝ %XUÔEı %a«◊[˝W˝Á C XÁXÁ Eı‰rÙÃ[˝ EıUÁ [˝_Á c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜
◊Eı‹ô«ˆ cÕc˜ÁC [˝_Á =◊ªJÙTˆ Â^ AcÕ aEı_cÕ ÂL„_Ã[˝ Y“SÁ_›Ã[˝ ÂVÁb; AcÕ aEı_ EırÙ
ÂL„_Ã[˝ EıÁc˜ÁÃ[˝C [˝Ó◊N˛GTˆ ◊Xú«ˆÃ[˝TˆÁ [˝Á ]X«„bÓÁ◊ªJÙTˆ m„SÃ[˝ %\ˆÁ„[˝ c˜Ã^ XÁcÕ*
[˝[Ã ˝e %Á◊_Y«[Ã ˝ ÂL„_ ^gÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ Eıw ¯Ô „±ºˆ[Ã ˝ \ˆÁ[Ã ˝ ◊ªK˜_, TgˆÁc˜Á[Ã ˝Á aEı„_cÕ %◊Tˆ`^Ã
\ˆV–, VÃ^Á[˝ÁX A[˝e XÓÁÃ^YÃ[˝ÁÃ^S* ^◊V ÂEıÁX ÂL„_ Eı„Ã^V›Ã[˝ ^‹óˆSÁÃ[˝ Eı] c˜Ã^,
Ã^«„Ã[˝ÁY›Ã^ ÂL_ Y“SÁ_›Ã[˝ %]ÁX«◊bEı [˝[[˝ÔÃ[˝TˆÁ VÃ^ÁÃ^ C XÓÁÃ^YÃ[˝ÁÃ^STˆÁÃ^ _H«E ıTˆ
c˜Ã^, Tˆ„[˝ %Á◊_Y«Ã[˝ ÂL„_ C A]ÁÃ[˝aX aÁ„c˜„[˝Ã[˝ Ã[˝ÁL„±ºˆ ÂacÕ ]„≥VÃ[˝ \ˆÁ_
H◊ªRÙOÃ^Á‰ªK˜* AcÕ \ˆÁ_ c˜cÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ V«ªRÙO› Y“W˝ÁX EıÁÃ[˝S ÂL„_Ã[˝ cÕeÃ[˝ÁL a«YÁ◊Ã[˝‰∞RÙO„â¯∞RÙO
A]ÁÃ[˝aX aÁ„c˜[˝ C [˝ÁÜÁ_› c˜ÁaYÁTˆÁ_ %Á◊arÙÁ∞RÙO QˆÁN˛ÁÃ[˝ È[˝VÓXÁU ªJÙÁªRÙOÁ#fiÃ[˝
%aÁW˝Á[Ã ˝S mS* c˜cO ˜Á„VÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó AEıLX ^Ã „« [Ã ˝Á„YÃ[˝ _«äY“Á^Ã F rÙÁX %ÁV„`Ô[Ã ˝ %[˝TˆÁ[Ã ˝,
%YÃ[˝Rª Ù›O ◊c˜≥V«W˝„]Ô[Ã ˝ aÁÃ[˝]∂ˆÇÔ VÃ^Á C Y„Ã[˝ÁYEıÁ„Ã[˝[Ã ˝ L›[˝‹ˆô ]…◊wÔ¯* A]ÁÃ[˝aX aÁ„c˜„[˝[Ã ˝
]Tˆ cÕeÃ[˝ÁL %ÁÃ[˝ AcÕ ÂV„` [˝QÕˆ %Á„a XÁ, ◊[˝_Á„TˆC %ÁÃ[˝ [˝QÕˆ LXΩÁÃ^ XÁ*
TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ `Ã[˝›„Ã[˝ F rÙÁX gentleman-AÃ[˝ Â^ aEı_ mS c˜CÃ^Á =◊ªJÙTˆ, aEı_cÕ AEı
a]„Ã^ %[˝Tˆ›SÔ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜* ◊Tˆ◊X `Á◊‹ôˆ◊Y“Ã^, ◊[˝ªJÙÁÃ[˝`›_, VÃ^ÁVÁ◊l˘„SÓ %T«ˆ_X›Ã^,

XÓÁÃ^[˝ÁX; \ˆV– [˝Ó[˝c˜ÁÃ[˝ ◊\ˆ~ %W˝„]Ã[˝ Y“◊TˆC %\ˆV–TˆÁ Y“EıÁ` Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ ÿëˆ\ˆÁ[˝Tˆf
%l˘], aÃ[˝_, %EıYªRÙO, ae^]›* ÂVÁ„bÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Eı∂ˆÇÔE«ı`_TˆÁ C =VÓ]
Eı] ◊ªK˜_, ÂL_„Ã[˝Ã[˝ =YÃ[˝ a]«VÃ^ Eı∂ˆÇÔ\ˆÁÃ[˝ %YÔS Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ◊Tˆ◊X ÿëˆÃê ◊X‰∏JÙrÙ
UÁ◊Eı„TˆX* cÕc˜Á„Tˆ Â^ [˝QÕˆ Â[˝`› l˘◊Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜_, TˆÁc˜Á %Á]ÁÃ[˝ Â[˝ÁW˝ c˜Ã^ XÁ*
ÂL_Ã[˝ Â^Á„G≥V– [˝Á[˝« Vl˘ C Â^ÁGÓ Y«Ã[˝”b ◊ªK˜„_X, [˝ß]…y ÂÃ[˝Á„G %◊Tˆ`Ã^ ◊zırÙ
c˜cÕÃ^ÁC ÿëˆÃê EıÁ^ÔÓ ÂV◊F„TˆX A[˝e aÁ„c˜„[˝Ã[˝ ÿëˆ\ˆÁ[˝ ◊ªJÙ◊X„TˆX [˝◊_Ã^Á ÂL„_
XÓÁÃ^◊XúˆÁ C y…‘Ã[˝TˆÁÃ[˝ %\ˆÁ[˝cÕ Ã[˝l˘Á Eı◊Ã[˝„TˆX* Tˆ„[˝ ◊Tˆ◊X A]ÁÃ[˝a„XÃ[˝ ]Tˆ ]c˜Á±¡Á
Â_ÁEı ◊ªK˜„_X XÁ, aÁ]ÁXÓ [˝ÁÜÁ_› aÃ[˝EıÁÃ[˝› \ ˆTˆÓ ]Áy, aÁ„c˜„[˝Ã[˝ ]X Ã[˝Á◊F„Tˆ
LÁ◊X„TˆX, Vl˘TˆÁ C EıwÔ¯[˝Ó[˝«◊à˘Ã[˝ a◊c˜Tˆ Eı∂ˆÇÔ Eı◊Ã[˝„TˆX, ÿëˆÁ\ˆÁ◊[˝Eı \ˆV–TˆÁ C
`Á‹ôˆ\ˆÁ„[˝Ã[˝ a◊c˜Tˆ Â_Á„EıÃ[˝ a„Ü [˝Ó[˝c˜ÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„TˆX, cÕc˜Á ªK˜ÁQÕˆÁ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó ÂEıÁX
◊[˝„`b mS _l˘Ó Eı◊Ã[˝ XÁcÕ* ªJÙÁEıÃ[˝›Ã[˝ =YÃ[˝ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Y“[˝_ ]ÁÃ^Á ◊ªK˜_* ◊[˝„`bTˆf
TˆFX Â] ]Áa, ÂYX`X ◊X[˝ÁÃ[˝ a]Ã^ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ◊XEıªRÙO[˝w¯fi c˜cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜_, LÁX«Ã^ÁÃ[˝›„Tˆ
ÂYX`X ◊XÃ^Á V›HÔ Y◊Ã[˝`“„]ÁYÁ◊#¤Tˆ ◊[˝`“Á] Â\ˆÁG Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ %Á`Á TˆFX [˝wÔ¯]ÁX
◊ªK˜_* %Á◊_Y«„Ã[˝Ã[˝ Â[˝Á]ÁÃ[˝ Â]ÁEıÅ]ÁÃ[˝ %ÁaÁ]›Ã[˝ %Á◊[˝\ˆ¤Á[˝ ÂV◊FÃ^Á %Á]Á„VÃ[˝
ÂL_Ã[˝ ]c˜Á`Ã^ ◊XTˆÁ‹ôˆ \ˆ›Tˆ C ◊ªJÙ◊‹ôˆTˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜„_X* AcÕ aEı_ =G–ÿëˆ\ˆÁ[˝ ÂTˆLÿëˆ›
[˝ÁÜÁ_› [˝Á_Eı ÂEıÁXÀ ◊V„X ◊Eı EıÁâ¯ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á [˝◊a„[˝X, AcÕ \ˆÁ[˝XÁÃ^ ◊Tˆ◊X %◊ÿöˆÃ[˝
c˜cÕÃ^Á UÁ◊Eı„TˆX* ◊Tˆ◊X [˝◊_„TˆX, TˆÁ_GÁ‰ªK˜ ªJÙ◊QÕˆ„Tˆ %ÁÃ[˝ ÂVQÕˆ cÕ◊á˚ [˝ÁEı›* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ
ÂacÕ ÂVªQÕˆ cÕ◊á˚Ã[˝ %„à˘¤EıªRÙOÁ ]Áy ◊Tˆ◊X ªJÙ◊QÕˆ„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜„_X* %ÁG∫ªRÙO ]Á„aÃ[˝
Â`„bcÕ Â[˝ÁEıÁXX aÁ„c˜[˝ ÂL„_ Y^ÔÓ„[˝l˘S Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ %Á◊aÃ^Á a‹ô«ˆrÙ c˜cÕÃ^Á ÂG„_X*
ÂL_Ã[˝ ]c˜Á`Ã^ %ÁX„≥V [˝◊_„_X, ""%Á]ÁÃ[˝ Eı∂ˆÇÔEıÁ„_ AcÕ aÁ„c˜„[˝Ã[˝ Â`b %ÁaÁ,
%ÁÃ[˝ ÂYX`„XÃ[˝ \ˆÃ^ XÁcÕ*'' c˜ÁÃ^, ]ÁX«b ]Á‰yÃ[˝ %µ˘TˆÁ! Eı◊[˝ ÛÁUÔcÕ [˝◊_Ã^Á‰ªK˜X,
◊[˝◊W˝ V«fF› ]X«„bÓÃ[˝ V«ªRÙO› YÃ[˝] =YEıÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X* Y“U], \ˆ◊[˝bÓd ◊X◊[˝QÕˆ
%µ˘EıÁ„Ã[˝ ªRÙÁ◊EıÃ^Á Ã[˝Á◊FÃ^Á‰ªK˜X, ◊•Tˆ›Ã^, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ AEı]Áy %[˝_∂ëˆX C aÁ‹ôˆùXÁÿöˆ_
ÿëˆÃ[˝÷Y %µ˘ %Á`Á TˆÁc˜Á„Eı ◊VÃ^Á‰ªK˜X* AcÕ =◊N˛Ã[˝ ªJÙÁÃ[˝ YgÁªJÙ◊VX Y„Ã[˝cÕ X„Ã[˝X
ÂGgÁaÁcÕ EıÁXÁcÕ„Ã^Ã[˝ c˜‰ÿôˆ c˜Tˆ c˜cÕ„_X, Â[˝ÁEıÁX„XÃ[˝ ÂL„_ HX HX %ÁaÁ %ÁÃ[˝êˆ
c˜cÕ_* TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Zı„_ Â^Á„G≥V– [˝Á[˝«Ã[˝ %EıÁ„_ Eı∂ˆÇÔ ÂG_ A[˝e Â`ÁEı C ÂÃ[˝Á„GÃ[˝
◊]◊_Tˆ %Áy‘]„S TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ÂVc˜TˆÓÁGC H◊ªRÙO_* AcÕÃ[˝÷Y Eı∂ˆÇÔªJÙÁÃ[˝›Ã[˝ =YÃ[˝ a+…SÔ
\ˆÁÃ[˝ XÁ ◊VÃ^Á A]ÁÃ[˝aX aÁ„c˜[˝ ^◊V ÿëˆÃê a[˝ EıÁ^ÔÓ ÂV◊F„TˆX, TˆÁc˜Á c˜cÕ„_ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝
Ã[˝ÁL±ºÊıÁ„_ %Á◊_Y«Ã[˝ ÂL„_Ã[˝ %◊W˝Eı aeïıÁÃ[˝ C =~◊Tˆ c˜cÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ aêˆÁ[˝XÁ ◊ªK˜_*
◊Tˆ◊X ^TˆªR«ÙOE«ı ÂV◊F„TˆX, TˆÁc˜Á a«a+~C Eı◊Ã[˝„TˆX, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ªJÙ◊Ã[˝yGTˆ m„SC

ÂL_ªRÙO› XÃ[˝Eı XÁ c˜cÕÃ^Á ]ÁX«„bÃ[˝ Eı‰PˆÁÃ[˝ `Á◊ÿôˆÃ[˝ ÿöˆÁXcÕ c˜cÕÃ^Á Ã[˝◊c˜Ã^Á◊ªK˜_* ◊Tˆ◊X
%XÓy ÂG„_C TgˆÁc˜Á[Ã ˝ aÁW˝T« ˆÁ[Ã ˝ Zı_ a+…SÔ H«‰Jª Ù XÁc˜,O AFXC YÃ[˝[˝w¯fi Eı∂ˆÇJªÔ ÙÁ[Ã ˝›GS
TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ aÁW˝«TˆÁ V` %ÁXÁ [˝LÁÃ^ Ã[˝Á◊F„Tˆ [˝ÁW˝Ó c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜X*
Â^]X ÂL„_Ã[˝ %XÓÁXÓ ◊[˝\ˆÁ„G [˝ÁÜÁ_› Â^Á„GX [˝Á[˝« c˜w¯Ô ÁEıw¯Ô Á ◊ªK˜„_X, ÂTˆ]XcÕ
c˜ÁaYÁTˆÁ„_ [˝ÁÜÁ_› QˆÁN˛ÁÃ[˝ È[˝VÓXÁU [˝Á[˝« a„[[˝Ôa[[˝ÔÁ ◊ªK˜„_X* TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ =Y◊Ã[˝TˆX
Eı∂ˆÇÔªJÙÁÃ[˝› QˆÁN˛ÁÃ[˝ ÂQˆ◊_, A]ÁÃ[˝aX aÁ„c˜„[˝Ã[˝ XÓÁÃ^ VÃ^Á[˝ÁX XÁ c˜cÕÃ^ÁC %◊Tˆ`Ã^
\ˆV–„_ÁEı C ◊[˝ªJÙl˘S [˝Ó◊N˛ ◊ªK˜„_X* ◊Tˆ◊X [˝Á_Eı„VÃ[˝ `Á‹ôˆ %ÁªJÙÃ[˝S, Y“Z«ı{TˆÁ C
[˝ÁW˝ÓTˆÁ ÂV◊FÃ^Á %„`b Y“èaÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„TˆX A[˝e %î [˝Ã^ïı„VÃ[˝ a◊c˜Tˆ c˜Á◊aTˆÁ]ÁaÁ
C %YÃ[˝ %ÁaÁ]›„VÃ[˝ a◊c˜Tˆ Ã[˝ÁLX›◊Tˆ, W˝∂ˆÇÔ C V`ÔX ◊[˝bÃÊı ªJÙ¨JÙ¤Á Eı◊Ã[˝„TˆX*
QˆÁN˛ÁÃ[˝ aÁ„c˜[˝ %ÁcÕ◊Ã[˝` [˝e`LÁTˆ, ÂacÕ =VÁÃ[˝ C \ˆÁ[˝Y“[˝S LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ %„XEı mS
TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ `Ã[˝›„Ã[˝ %Á`“Ã^ _Á\ˆ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜_* TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Â_`]Áy y…‘Ã[˝TˆÁ ◊ªK˜_ XÁ, AEı
AEı[˝ÁÃ[˝ Ây‘Á„W˝Ã[˝ [˝`[˝w¯fi c˜cÕÃ^Á Ã[˝÷ªRÕÙ EıUÁ [˝Á Eı‰PˆÁÃ[˝ %ÁªJÙÃ[˝S Eı◊Ã[˝„TˆX ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ
Y“ÁÃ^cÕ =YEıÁÃ[˝ EıÃ[˝ÁcÕ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ◊Y“Ã^ ◊ªK˜_* ◊Tˆ◊X ÂL„_Ã[˝ Eı„Ã^V›„VÃ[˝ ªJÙÁT«ˆÃ[˝› C
E ı◊≈y] ÂÃ[˝ÁG ÂV◊F„Tˆ %\ˆÓÿôˆ ◊ªK˜„_X, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ A]XC c˜cÕTˆ Â^ Y“E ıTˆ ÂÃ[˝ÁG›„EıC
AcÕ E ı◊≈y]TˆÁÃ[˝ \ˆ„Ã^ =„Yl˘Á Eı◊Ã[˝„TˆX, Tˆ„[˝ Y“E ıTˆ ÂÃ[˝ÁG [˝«◊Mı„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝„_ %◊Tˆ
^±Ûˆ C VÃ^ÁÃ[˝ a◊c˜Tˆ ÂÃ[˝ÁG›Ã[˝ [˝Ó[˝ÿöˆÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ X* %Á]ÁÃ[˝ AEı[˝ÁÃ[˝ aÁ]ÁXÓ LùÃ[˝ c˜Ã^*
TˆFX [˝bÔÁEıÁ_, %„XEı [˝ÁTˆÁÃ^X^«N˛ Y“EıÁâ¯ VÁ_Á„X L_◊aN˛ ]«N˛ [˝ÁÃ^« ÂF_Á
Eı◊Ã[˝Tˆ, TÛÁ◊Y %Á◊] c˜ÁaYÁTˆÁ„_ ^ÁcÕ„Tˆ [˝Á DbW˝ FÁcÕ„Tˆ %◊X¨K«˜Eı ◊ªK˜_Á]*
ÂÃ[˝ÁG C ◊ªJÙ◊EıdaÁ a∂ëˆ„µ˘ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ]Tˆ Y◊Ã[˝[˝wÔ¯X c˜cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜_ A[˝e DbW˝ Âa[˝„X
%Á]ÁÃ[˝ %ÁÃ[˝ [˝QÕˆ %ÁÿöˆÁ ◊ªK˜_ XÁ, ÂÃ[˝ÁG Eı‰PˆÁÃ[˝ XÁ c˜cÕ„_ Y“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝ aÁW˝ÁÃ[˝S
◊y‘Ã^Á„TˆcÕ ÿëˆÁÿöˆÓ_Á\ˆ c˜cÕ„[˝, AcÕ ◊[˝`üÁa ◊ªK˜_* [˝bÔÁÃ[˝ [˝ÁTˆÁa &„`Ô ^Ác˜Á %◊XrÙ
c˜CÃ^Á aêˆ[˝, TˆÁc˜Á Â^ÁG[˝„_ V]X Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ◊X„LÃ[˝ TÊÔı[˝«◊à˘Ã[˝ ◊XEıªRÙO %Á]ÁÃ[˝
Â^ÁG◊`l˘ÁGTˆ ◊y‘Ã^Á aEı„_Ã[˝ ^ÁUÁUÔÓ C aZı_TˆÁ Y“◊TˆYÁVX Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ cÕ¨K˜Á
◊ªK˜_* QˆÁN˛ÁÃ[˝ aÁ„c˜[˝ ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ ]c˜Á ◊ªJÙ◊‹ôˆTˆ ◊ªK˜„_X, [˝QÕˆ %ÁG–„c˜Ã[˝ a◊c˜Tˆ
◊Tˆ◊X c˜ÁaYÁTˆÁ„_ ^ÁcÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ Y“„Ã^ÁLX›Ã^TˆÁ %Á]Á„Eı [˝«MıÁcÕ„_X* ÂacÕÿöˆÁ„X G]X
Eı◊Ã[˝„_ ^TˆV…Ã[˝ aêˆ[˝ ◊X„LÃ[˝ [˝ÁQÕˆ›Ã[˝ ]Tˆ UÁ◊Eı[˝ÁÃ[˝ FÁcÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ [˝Ó[˝ÿöˆÁ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á %Á]Á„Eı
aÁV„Ã[˝ Ã[˝Á◊F„_X* YÁ‰ªK˜ CÃ^Á„QÔˆ UÁ◊Eı„_ [˝bÔÁÃ[˝ LXÓ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ÿëˆÁÿöˆÓ XrÙ c˜Ã^
AcÕLXÓ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ cÕ¨K˜Á ◊ªK˜_ %Á]Á„Eı %„XEı◊VX AcÕ a«„F Ã[˝Á„FX* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ %Á◊]
ÂLÁÃ[˝ Eı◊[Ã ˝^Ã Á CÃ^Á„QÔˆ ◊Zı◊[Ã ˝^Ã Á ÂG_Á], %ÁÃ[˝ c˜ÁaYÁTˆÁ„_ UÁ◊Eı„Tˆ %a∂ˆÇTˆ c˜c˜_O Á]*
TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ aEı„_Ã[˝ =YÃ[˝ a]ÁX %X«G–c˜ ◊ªK˜_ XÁ, ◊[˝„`bTˆf ^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á Y«rÙ`Ã[˝›Ã[˝ C
[˝_[˝ÁX ◊ªK˜„_X, TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ ÂÃ[˝ÁG c˜cÕ„_C c˜ÁaYÁTˆÁ„_ Ã[˝Á◊F„Tˆ \ˆÃ^ Eı◊Ã[˝„TˆX*
TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ AcÕ }Á‹ôˆ W˝ÁÃ[˝SÁ ◊ªK˜_ Â^ ^◊V ÂL„_ ÂEıÁXC EıÁâ¯ c˜Ã^ TˆÁc˜Á a[˝_ C
ªJÙá˚_ [˝Á_Eı„VÃ[˝ •ÁÃ[˝Á c˜cÕ„[˝* Â`„b ◊PÊı cÕc˜ÁÃ[˝ ◊[˝YÃ[˝›Tˆ Zı_ c˜cÕ_, c˜ÁaYÁTˆÁ„_
Â^ EıÁâ¯ H◊ªRÙO_, TˆÁc˜Á [˝ÓÁ◊W˝G–ÿôˆ, ◊[˝`›SÔ, £õıEıÁÃ^ a„TˆÓ≥V– XÁU [˝a« A[˝e ÂÃ[˝ÁG◊zırÙ
W˝›Ã[˝Y“E ı◊Tˆ %î\ˆÁb› EıÁXÁcÕ_Á_ HªRÙOÁcÕ„_X* QˆÁN˛ÁÃ[˝ ÂQˆ◊_Ã[˝ AcÕ aEı_ mS
UÁ◊Eı„_C È[˝VÓXÁU [˝Á[˝«cÕ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ %◊W˝EıÁe` adEıÁ„^ÔÓÃ[˝ Y“[˝wÔ¯Eı C ÊY“Ã[˝SÁVÁÃÊı
◊ªK˜„_X* [˝Áÿôˆ◊[˝Eı È[˝VÓXÁU [˝Á[˝«Ã[˝ XÓÁÃ^ c˜÷VÃ^[˝ÁX Â_ÁEı %Á◊] %Á„GC ÂV◊F XÁcÕ,
Y„Ã[˝C ÂV◊F[˝ÁÃ[˝ %Á`Á Eı◊Ã[˝ XÁ, ◊Tˆ◊X Â^X VÃ^Á C =YEıÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„TˆcÕ LXΩG–c˜S
Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X* ÂEıÁXC V«fF EıÁ◊c˜X› %[˝GTˆ c˜CÃ^Á A[˝e TˆÁc˜Á _ÁH[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝
LXÓ W˝Á◊[˝Tˆ c˜CÃ^Á TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ªJÙ◊Ã[˝‰y Â^X ÿëˆÁ\ˆÁ◊[˝Eı EıÁÃ[˝S C %[˝`ÓêˆÁ[˝› EıÁ^ÔÓ
c˜cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜_* ◊Tˆ◊X AcÕ ^‹óˆSÁY…SÔ V«fFÁ_„Ã^ Â^X XÃ[˝„EıÃ[˝ Y“ÁS› aEı_„Eı ÿëˆ„GÔÃ[˝
a^±Ûˆ a◊á˚Tˆ X≥VX[˝Á◊Ã[˝ ◊[˝TˆÃ[˝S Eı◊Ã[˝„TˆX* ÂEıÁXC %\ˆÁ[˝, %XÓÁÃ^ [˝Á %XUÔEı
EırÙ %Y„XÁVX Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ Ê`“úˆ =YÁÃ^ ◊ªK˜_ TˆÁc˜Á QˆÁN˛ÁÃ[˝[˝Á[˝«Ã[˝ Eı„SÔ ÂYgÏK˜ÁcÕÃ^Á
ÂVCÃ^Á* TˆÁc˜Á %Y„XÁVX EıÃ[˝Á TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ l˘]TˆÁÃ[˝ ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ UÁ◊Eı„_ ◊Tˆ◊X ÂacÕÃ[˝÷Y
[˝Ó[˝ÿöˆÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ ªK˜Á◊QÕˆ„TˆX XÁ* È[˝VÓXÁU [˝Á[˝« c˜÷V„Ã^ G\ˆ›Ã[˝ ÂV`\ˆ◊N˛ ÂYÁbS
Eı◊Ã[˝„TˆX ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ aÃ[˝EıÁÃ[˝› ªJÙÁEıÃ[˝ [˝◊_Ã^Á ÂacÕ Y“Á„SÃ[˝ \ˆÁ[˝„Eı ªJÙ◊Ã[˝TˆÁUÔ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ
%l˘] ◊ªK˜„_X* TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ AEı]Áy ÂVÁb %◊Tˆ◊Ã[˝N˛ ac˜ÁX«\…ˆ◊Tˆ* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ÂacÕ \ˆÁ[˝
ÂL„_Ã[˝ Eı∂ˆÇÔªJÙÁÃ[˝›Ã[˝ Y„l˘ ÂVÁb c˜cÕ„_C =¨JÙ X›◊TˆÃ[˝ %X«aÁ„Ã[˝ ]X«bÓ„±ºˆÃ[˝ ªJÙÃ[˝]
◊[˝EıÁ` A[˝e \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ ◊Y“^Ã Tˆ] mS [˝_Á ^ÁÃ^* aÁW˝Á[Ã ˝S Eı„^Ã V› C ""[˝„≥V]ÁTˆ[Ã ˝]'À '
Eı„Ã^V›„Tˆ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Y„l˘ ÂEıÁXC Â\ˆV ◊ªK˜_ XÁ; Y›◊QÕˆTˆ ÂV◊F„_ aEı_„EıcÕ ^±Ûˆ
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Kª ˜Á◊QÕˆ„Tˆ c˜Ö K˜Á Eı◊[Ã ˝„TˆX XÁ* AcÕ ÂVÁbcÕ TgˆÁc˜Á[Ã ˝ YVªJÙ« Ó◊Tˆ[Ã ˝ Y“Eı Tˆ EıÁ[Ã ˝S* ÂGgÁaÁc˜„O ^Ã [Ã ˝
c˜TˆÓÁÃ[˝ Y„Ã[˝ Eıw Ô¯Yl˘ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ AcÕ %ÁªJÙÃ[˝„S a„≥Vc˜ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á TgˆÁc˜Á„Eı %XÓÁÃ^ \ˆÁ„[˝
Eı∂ˆÇÔªJ«ÙÓTˆ Eı„Ã[˝X*
AcÕ aEı_ Eı∂ˆÇÔªJÙÁÃ[˝›„VÃ[˝ VÃ^Á C ]X«„bÓÁ◊ªJÙTˆ [˝Ó[˝c˜ÁÃ[˝ [˝SÔXÁ EıÃ[˝ÁÃ[˝ ◊[˝„`b
Y“„Ã^ÁLX %Á‰ªK˜* ÂL„_ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ LXÓ Â^ [˝Ó[˝ÿöˆÁ EıÃ[˝Á c˜cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜_, cÕ◊TˆY…„[[˝Ô
TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ %Á„_ÁªJÙXÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ [˝ÁW˝Ó c˜cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜ A[˝e cÕc˜ÁÃ[˝ Y„Ã[˝C [˝ ◊ªRÙO` ÂL_Y“SÁ_›Ã[˝
%]ÁX«◊bEı ◊Xú«ˆÃ[˝TˆÁ Y“◊TˆY~ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÊªJÙrÙÁ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝* YÁ‰ªK˜ ÂEıÁXC YÁPÊı AcÕ
◊Xú«ˆ[Ã ˝TˆÁ Eı∂ˆÇJªÔ ÙÁ[Ã ˝›„VÃ[˝ Jª Ù◊[Ã ˝‰yÃ[˝ E«ıZı_ [˝◊_Ã^Á ]„X Eı„[Ã ˝X, Âac˜LO XÓ ]«FÓ Eı∂ˆÇJªÔ ÙÁ[Ã ˝›„VÃ[˝
mS [˝SÔXÁ Eı◊Ã[˝_Á]* EıÁÃ[˝Á[˝Á„aÃ[˝ Y“U] %[˝ÿöˆÁÃ[˝ ◊[˝[˝Ã[˝„S TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ AcÕ aEı_
m„SÃ[˝ %ÁÃ[˝C Y“]ÁS YÁCÃ^Á ^ÁcÕ„[˝*
◊X#¤X EıÁÃ[˝Á[˝Á„a Y“U] ◊V„XÃ[˝ ]„XÃ[˝ \ˆÁ[˝ [˝SÔXÁ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜* AcÕ ◊X#¤X
EıÁÃ[˝Á[˝Á„a EıÁ_^ÁY„XÃ[˝ =YÁÃ^ ÿëˆÃ[˝÷Y Y«ÿôÊı [˝Á %XÓ ÂEıÁX [˝ÿô«ˆ [˝ÓTˆ›Tˆ Eı„ÃÊı◊VX
UÁ◊Eı„Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜_* Y„Ã[˝ A]ÁÃ[˝aX aÁ„c˜[˝ %Á◊aÃ^Á %Á]Á„Eı [˝ÁQÕˆ› c˜cÕ„Tˆ W˝«◊Tˆ
LÁ]Á C Y◊QÕˆ[˝ÁÃ[˝ [˝cÕ %ÁXÁcÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ %X«]◊Tˆ ◊VÃ^Á ^ÁX* %Á◊] Eı∂ˆÇÔªJÙÁÃ[˝›„VÃ[˝ ◊XEıªRÙO
EıÁ◊_ Eı_] C ÂL„_Ã[˝ ªK˜ÁYÁX ◊ªJÙ◊PˆÃ[˝ EıÁGL %ÁXÁcÕÃ^Á %Á]ÁÃ[˝ Y…LX›Ã^ Â]„aÁ
]c˜Á`Ã^ at›[˝X›Ã[˝ a«Y“◊aà˘ a+ÁVEı„Eı W˝«◊Tˆ LÁ]Á A[˝e Y◊QÕˆ[˝ÁÃ[˝ [˝cÕÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó
G›TˆÁ C =Y◊XbV YÁPˆÁcÕ„Tˆ %X«„Ã[˝ÁW˝ Eı◊Ã[˝_Á]* AcÕ Y«ÿôÊı•Ã^ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ c˜Á„Tˆ
ÂYgÏ◊ªK˜„Tˆ V«cÕ ªJÙÁ◊Ã[˝◊VX _Á„G* TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Y…„[[˝Ô ◊X#¤X EıÁÃ[˝Á[˝Á„aÃ[˝ ]c˜√º¯ [˝«◊Mı[˝ÁÃ[˝
^„UrÙ %[˝aÃ[˝ YÁcÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜_Á]* ÂEıX AcÕÃ[˝÷Y EıÁÃ[˝Á[˝Á„a V ªRÕÙ C a«Y“◊Tˆ◊úˆTˆ [˝«◊à˘Ã[˝C
W[˝ea c˜Ã^ A[˝e TˆÁc˜Á %◊ªJÙ„Ã[˝ =XΩÁV %[˝ÿöˆÁ Y“Áä c˜Ã^, TˆÁc˜ÁC [˝«◊Mı„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝_Á]
A[˝e ÂacÕ %[˝ÿöˆÁÃ^cÕ \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ %a›] VÃ^Á A[˝e TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ a„Ü ^«N˛ c˜cÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ ◊Eı
V«_Ô\ˆ a«◊[˝W˝Á c˜Ã^ TˆÁc˜ÁC c˜÷VÃ^Ü] c˜cÕ_* EıÁÃ[˝Á[˝Á„aÃ[˝ Y…„[[˝Ô %Á]ÁÃ[˝ aEıÁ„_ AEı
H∞RÙÁO C aµ˘ÓÁ„[˝_ÁÃ^ AEı H∞RÙÁO W˝ÓÁX Eı◊Ã[˝[˝Á[Ã ˝ %\ˆÓÁa ◊ªK˜_* AcÕ ◊X#¤X EıÁÃ[˝Á[˝Á„a
%ÁÃ[˝ ÂEıÁXC EıÁ^ÔÓ XÁ UÁEıÁÃ^ %◊W˝EıEıÁ_ W˝ÓÁ„X UÁ◊Eı[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÊªJÙrÙÁ Eı◊Ã[˝_Á]* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ
]ÁX«„bÃ[˝ ac˜ÿÉˆ-YU-W˝Á◊[˝Tˆ ªJÙá˚_ ]X„Eı W˝ÓÁXÁ„UÔ %„XEıªRÙOÁ ae^Tˆ C AEı _l˘ÓGTˆ
Ã[˝ÁFÁ %X\ˆÓÿôˆ Â_Á„EıÃ[˝ Y„l˘ ac˜L XÃ^* ÂEıÁXC ]„Tˆ ÂVQÕˆH∞RÙOÁ V«cÕH∞RÙOÁ AEı\ˆÁ„[˝
Ã[˝Á◊F„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝TˆÁ], Â`„b ]X ◊[˝‰V–Ác˜› c˜cÕÃ^Á =◊PˆTˆ, ÂVc˜C %[˝a~ c˜cÕÃ^Á Y◊QÕˆTˆ*
Y“U] XÁXÁ ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ _cÕÃ^Á UÁ◊EıTˆÁ]* TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Y„Ã[˝ ÂacÕ ]ÁX«„bÃ[˝ %Á_ÁYÃ[˝◊c˜Tˆ
◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁÃ[˝ ◊[˝bÃ^`…XÓ %ac˜X›Ã^ %Eı∂ˆÇÔSÓTˆÁÃ^ ]X W˝›„Ã[˝ W˝›„Ã[˝ ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ`◊N˛ Ã[˝◊c˜Tˆ c˜cÕ„Tˆ
_Á◊G_* A]X %[˝ÿöˆÁ c˜cÕ„Tˆ _Á◊G_ Â^X ac˜ÿÉˆ %&rÙ ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ ]„XÃ[˝ •ÁÃ[˝ aEı„_Ã[˝
ªJÙÁ◊Ã[˝◊V„Eı H«◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜ %UªJÙ Y“„[˝` YU ◊XÃ[˝”à˘; V«„ÃÊıªRÙO› Y“„[˝` Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ a]UÔ
c˜c˜^ÃO ÁC ÂacÕ ◊Xÿôˆ ç˘ ]„XÁÃ[˝Á„LÓÃ[˝ X›Ã[˝[˝TˆÁ^Ã \ˆ›Tˆ c˜c˜^ÃO Á ◊Xf`„å Y_ÁÃ^X Eı◊[Ã ˝„Tˆ‰Kª ˜*
AcÕ %◊X◊∏JÙTˆ %[˝` %[˝ÿöˆÁÃ^ %◊Tˆ`Ã^ ]ÁX◊aEı EırÙ YÁcÕ„Tˆ _Á◊G_Á]* Y“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝
Â`Á\ˆÁÃ^ ◊ªJÙw¯[˝ ◊w¯ ◊ÿoˆÑ˘ c˜cÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ A[˝e Tˆä ]X aÁ‹ôˆùXÁ YÁcÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ %Á`ÁÃ^ [˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝
ªJÙÁ◊c˜Ã^Á ÂV◊F_Á], ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ÂacÕ AEı]Áy [˝ l˘, X›_ %ÁEıÁ„`Ã[˝ Y◊Ã[˝◊]Tˆ Fâ¯ªR«ÙOE«ı A[˝e
ÂacÕ ÂL„_Ã[˝ ◊XÃ[˝ÁX≥V V „`Ó EıTˆl˘S ]ÁX«„bÃ[˝ AcÕ %[˝ÿöˆÁY“Áä ]X aÁ‹ôˆùXÁ _Á\ˆ
Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝? ÂVCÃ^Á„_Ã[˝ ◊V„Eı ªJÙÁ◊c˜_Á]* ÂL„_Ã[˝ H„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ÂacÕ ◊X#fi[˝ aÁVÁ
ÂVCÃ^Á_ V`Ô„X Â^X ]X %ÁÃ[˝C ◊XÃ[˝”YÁÃ^ c˜cÕÃ^Á ÂEı[˝_ [˝à˘Á[˝ÿöˆÁÃ[˝ ^‹óˆSÁcÕ

=Y_◊ç˘ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ]◊ÿôˆõı ◊Yt„Ã[˝ ªK˜ªRÙOZıªRÙO Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ _Á◊G_* %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ W˝ÓÁ„X [˝◊a_Á],
W˝ÓÁX ◊EıªK«˜„TˆcÕ c˜cÕ_ XÁ [˝Ã[˝e ÂacÕ Tˆ›[˝– ◊[˝Zı_ ÊªJÙrÙÁÃ^ ]X %ÁÃ[˝C `“Á‹ôˆ, %Eı∂ˆÇÔSÓ
C VÑ˘ c˜cÕ„Tˆ _Á◊G_* ªJÙÁ◊Ã[˝◊V„Eı ªJÙÁ◊c˜Ã^Á ÂV◊F_Á], Â`„b ]ÁªRÙO›„Tˆ Eı„ÃÊıªRÙO› [˝QÕˆ
[˝QÕˆ EıÁ_ ◊YY›◊_EıÁ G„wÔ¯Ã[˝ ◊XEıªRÙO Â[˝QÕˆÁcÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜ ÂV◊F_Á], TˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ G◊Tˆ◊[˝◊W˝ C
ÊªJÙrÙÁ ªJÙ◊Ã[˝y ◊XÃ[˝›l˘S Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ a]Ã^ EıÁ◊ªRÙOÃ^Á ÂG_* TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Y„Ã[˝ ÂV◊F_Á] l«˘V– l«˘V–
_Á_ ◊YY›◊_EıÁ Â[˝QˆÕ Ác˜„O Tˆ‰Kª ˜* EıÁ_„Tˆ _Á„_ [˝QˆÕ MıGQÕˆÁ, EıÁ_m◊_ _Á_„Eı YÁc˜^ÃO Á
Ve`X Eı◊[Ã ˝„Tˆ Eı◊[Ã ˝„Tˆ Y“ÁS[˝W˝ Eı◊[Ã ˝„Tˆ _Á◊G_* %TˆÓÁªJÙÁ[Ã ˝ Y›◊QÕˆTˆ _Á_ ◊YY›◊_EıÁ[Ã ˝
=YÃ[˝ [˝QˆÕ VÃ^Á C ac˜ÁX«\ˆ… ◊Tˆ c˜c˜_O * %Á◊] EıÁ_m◊_„Eı TˆÁQÕˆÁc˜^ÃO Á TˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ [˝Ág Jª ÙÁc˜„O Tˆ
_Á◊G_Á]* cÕc˜Á„Tˆ AEıªRÙO› EıÁ^ÔÓ L«◊ªRÙO_, ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁÃ[˝ ◊[˝bÃ^C YÁCÃ^Á ÂG_, ◊YY›◊_EıÁ-
m◊_Ã[˝ aÁc˜Á„^Ó AcÕ Eı„ÃÊı◊VX EıÁªRÙOÁX ÂG_* TÛÁ◊Y V›HÔ ◊VXÁà˘¤ ^ÁYX Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝
=YÁÃ^ %ÁÃ[˝ L«◊ªRÙO„Tˆ◊ªK˜_ XÁ* ]X„Eı [˝«MıÁcÕÃ^Á ◊V_Á], ÂLÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ %Á◊X_Á],
◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ◊VX ◊VX ]X ◊[˝‰V–Ác˜› c˜cÕ„Tˆ _Á◊G_, c˜Ác˜ÁEıÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ _Á◊G_* EıÁ_ Â^X
TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ %ac˜Ó \ˆÁÃ[˝ c˜cÕÃ^Á Y›QÕˆX Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜, ÂacÕ ªJÙÁ„Y ªJ…ÙSÔ c˜cÕÃ^Á Âa cg˜ÁY
ªK˜Á◊QÕˆ[˝ÁÃ[˝ `◊N˛C YÁcÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜ XÁ, Â^X ÿëˆ‰Y¬ `y”•ÁÃ[˝Á %Áy‘Á‹ôˆ [˝Ó◊N˛ G_ÁY›QÕˆ„X
]◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ^ÁcÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜ %UªJÙ c˜ÁTˆ YÁ UÁ◊EıÃ^ÁC X◊QÕˆ[˝ÁÃ[˝ `◊N˛ Ã[˝◊c˜Tˆ* %Á◊] AcÕ
%[˝ÿöˆÁ ÂV◊FÃ^Á %Á∏JÙ^ÔÓ c˜cÕ_Á]* aTˆÓ [˝‰ªRÙO, %Á◊] EıFX %Eı]ÔSÓ [˝Á ◊X‰∏JÙrÙ
c˜cÕÃ^Á UÁ◊Eı‰ªTˆ \ˆÁ_[˝Á◊a XÁcÕ, Tˆ„[˝ EıTˆ[˝ÁÃ[˝ AEıÁEı› UÁ◊EıÃ^Á ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁÃ^ EıÁ_^ÁYX
Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜, Al˘„S ATˆcÕ ◊Eı ]„XÃ[˝ V«[[˝Ô_TˆÁ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜ Â^ %î◊V„XÃ[˝ ◊X#¤XTˆÁÃ^
ATˆ %ÁE«ı_ c˜cÕÃ^Á Y◊QÕˆ„Tˆ◊ªK˜? \ˆÁ◊[˝„Tˆ _Á◊G_Á], c˜Ã^Tˆ ÂacÕ Âÿëˆ¨K˜ÁY“Áä ◊X#¤XTˆÁ
C AcÕ Y„Ã[˝¨K˜ÁY“Áä ◊X#¤XTˆÁÃ^ %„XEı Y“„\ˆV %Á‰ªK˜* [˝ÁQÕˆ›„Tˆ [˝◊aÃ^Á AEıÁEı›
UÁEıÁ AEı EıUÁ, %ÁÃ[˝ Y„Ã[˝Ã[˝ cÕ¨K˜ÁÃ^ EıÁÃ[˝ÁG „c˜ AcÕ ◊X#¤X[˝Áa ÿëˆTˆ‹óˆ EıUÁ*
ÂaFÁ„X ^FX cÕ¨K˜Á c˜Ã^ ]ÁX«„bÃ[˝ %Á`“Ã^ _cÕ„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝, Y«ÿôÊıGTˆ p˚ÁX C
\ˆÁbÁ_Á◊_„TˆÓ, [˝µ«˘[˝Áµ˘„[˝Ã[˝ ◊Y“Ã^ aêˆÁb„S, Ã[˝ÁÿôˆÁÃ[˝ ÂEıÁ_Ác˜„_, LG„TˆÃ[˝ ◊[˝◊[˝W˝
V „`Ó ]„XÃ[˝ T ˆ◊ä aÁW˝X Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á Y“ÁS„Eı `›Tˆ_ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ AFÁ„X Eı◊PˆX
◊XÃ^„] %Á[˝à˘ c˜cÕÃ^Á Y„Ã[˝Ã[˝ cÕ¨K˜ÁÃ^ a[[˝ÔaeÿÉˆ[˝ Ã[˝◊c˜Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á UÁ◊Eı„Tˆ c˜cÕ„[˝* EıUÁ
%Á‰ªK˜, Â^ ◊X#¤XTˆÁ ac˜Ó Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝, Âa c˜Ã^ ÂV[˝TˆÁ XÃ^ Y£, AcÕ ae^]
]ÁX«„bÃ[˝ aÁW˝ÓÁTˆ›Tˆ* ÂacÕ EıUÁÃ^ %Á◊] %Á„G ◊[˝`üÁa ÿöˆÁYX Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝TˆÁ] XÁ,
AFX [˝«◊Mı_Á] aTˆÓ aTˆÓcÕ Â^ÁGÁ\ˆÓÿôˆ aÁW˝„EıÃ[˝C AcÕ ae^] ac˜LaÁW˝Ó XÃ^*
cÕTˆÁ_›Ã[˝ Ã[˝ÁLc˜TˆÓÁEıÁÃ[˝› Ê[˝–`›Ã[˝ \ˆ›bS Y◊Ã[˝SÁ] ]„X Y◊QÕˆ_* TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ◊Xú«ˆÃ[˝
◊[˝ªJÙÁÃ[˝EıGS TgˆÁc˜Á„Eı Y“Á„S XÁ ]Á◊Ã[˝Ã^Á aä [˝da„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ◊X#¤X EıÁÃ[˝Á[˝Á„a V◊â¯Tˆ

Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜„_X* AEı [˝daÃ[˝C %◊Tˆ[˝Á◊c˜Tˆ XÁ c˜cÕ„TˆcÕ Ê[˝–`› =XΩÁVÁ[˝ÿöˆÁ Y“Áä
c˜cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜„_X* ªTˆ„[˝ ATˆ◊VX ac˜Ó Eı◊Ã[˝„_X Tˆ! %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ]„XÃ[˝ V ªRÕÙTˆÁ ◊Eı ATˆcÕ
Eı]? TˆFX [˝«◊Mı„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝ XÁcÕ Â^ \ˆG[˝ÁX %Á]ÁÃ[˝ a◊c˜Tˆ ÂF_Á Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜X,
y‘›QÕˆÁ¨K˜„_ %Á]Á„Eı Eı„ÃÊıªRÙO› Y“„Ã^ÁLX›Ã^ ◊`l˘Á ◊V„Tˆ‰ªK˜X* Y“U]Tˆf, ◊EıÃ[˝÷Y
]„XÃ[˝ G◊Tˆ„Tˆ ◊X#¤X EıÁÃ[˝Á[˝Á„aÃ[˝ Eı„Ã^V› =XΩw¯TˆÁÃ[˝ ◊V„Eı W˝Á◊[˝Tˆ c˜Ã^, ◊Tˆ◊X TˆÁc˜Á
ÂVFÁcÕÃ^Á AcÕÃ[˝÷Y EıÁÃ[˝Á[˝Á„aÃ[˝ %]ÁX«◊bEı ◊Xú«ˆÃ[˝TˆÁ [˝«MıÁcÕÃ^Á %Á]Á„Eı Ã^«„Ã[˝ÁY›Ã^
ÂL_Y“SÁ_›Ã[˝ ÂHÁÃ[˝ ◊[˝„Ã[˝ÁW˝› Eı◊Ã[˝„_X, A[˝e ^Ác˜Á„Tˆ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ aÁW˝Ó]Tˆ %Á◊] ÂV„`Ã[˝
Â_ÁEı„Eı C LGd„Eı AcÕ [˝[[˝ÔÃ[˝TˆÁ c˜cÕ„Tˆ ◊ZıÃ[˝ÁcÕÃ^Á VÃ^ÁX«„]Á◊VTˆ ÂL_Y“SÁ_›Ã[˝
Yl˘YÁTˆ› Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÊªJÙrÙÁ Eı◊Ã[˝ ◊Tˆ◊X ÂacÕ ◊`l˘Á %Á]Á„Eı ◊V„_X* ]„X Y‰QÕˆ %Á◊]
Y„XÃ[˝ [˝daÃ[˝ %Á„G ◊[˝_ÁTˆ c˜cÕ„Tˆ ÂV„` %Á◊aÃ^Á ^FX Â[˝Á∂ëˆÁcÕ c˜cÕ„Tˆ Y“EıÁ◊`Tˆ
cÕ≥V«Y“EıÁ` Y◊≈yEıÁÃ^ Eıe‰G–„aÃ[˝ ◊X„[˝VX-X›◊TˆÃ[˝ Tˆ›[˝– Y“◊Tˆ[˝ÁVY…SÔ Y“[˝µ˘ ◊_◊F„Tˆ
%ÁÃ[˝êˆ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜_Á], TˆFX ÿëˆGÔGTˆ ]c˜Á„V[˝ ÂGÁ◊[˝≥V Ã[˝ÁSÁ„Qˆ ^«[˝Eı„VÃ[˝ ]„X AcÕ
Y“[˝µ˘m◊_Ã[˝ Zı_ c˜cÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜ ÂV◊FÃ^Á TˆÁc˜Á [˝µ˘ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ =„Å„`Ó %Á◊] TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝
a◊c˜Tˆ ÂVFÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ ^ÁcÕ[˝Á]Áy %Á]Á„Eı %ÁW˝H∞RÙOÁ Y^ÔÓ‹ôˆ AcÕ EıÁ^ÔÓ Y◊Ã[˝TˆÓÁG
Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á Eıe‰G–„aÃ[˝ ÂEıÁXC EıÁ^ÔÓ\ˆÁÃ[˝ G–c˜S Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ =Y„V` ÂVX* ◊Tˆ◊X %Á]ÁÃ[˝
=YÃ[˝ ÂL_Y“SÁ_› ae„`ÁW˝„XÃ[˝ \ˆÁÃ[˝ ◊V„Tˆ cÕ¨K«˜Eı c˜cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜„_X* Ã[˝ÁSÁ„QˆÃ[˝ AcÕ
%Y“TˆÓÁ◊`Tˆ =◊N˛„Tˆ %Á◊] %Á∏JÙ^ÔÓÁ◊XüTˆ C %a‹ô«ˆ rÙ c˜cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜_Á], A[˝e ÂacÕ \ˆÁÃ[˝
G–c˜S Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ %ÿëˆ›EıÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝^Ã Á◊ªK˜_Á]* TˆFX LÁ◊XTˆÁ] XÁ Â^ c˜cO ˜Á a«V[Ã… ˝ \ˆ◊[˝bÓ„Tˆ[Ã ˝
Y…[[˝ÔÁ\ˆÁa ]Áy A[˝e AEı◊VX ÿëˆÃê \ˆG[˝ÁX %Á]Á„Eı ÂL„_ AEı[˝daÃ[˝ EıÁ_
[Ã ˝Á◊FÃ^Á ÂacÕ Y“SÁ_›Ã[˝ y…‘[Ã ˝TˆÁ C [˝ÓUÔTˆÁ A[˝e ae„`ÁW˝„XÃ[˝ Y“„^Ã ÁLX›Ã^TˆÁ [˝M« ıÁc˜„O [˝X*
Al˘„S [˝«◊Mı_Á] %VÓEıÁÃ[˝ Ã[˝ÁLÍX◊TÊı %[˝ÿöˆÁÃ^ AcÕ ÂL_Y“SÁ_›Ã[˝ ae„`ÁW˝„XÃ[˝
aêˆÁ[˝XÁ XÁcÕ, Tˆ„[˝, ÿëˆ-%◊W˝EıÁÃ[˝ Y“Áä \ˆÁÃ[˝„Tˆ ^Ác˜Á„Tˆ ◊[˝„V`› a\ˆÓTˆÁÃ[˝ AcÕ
XÁÃ[˝Eı›Ã^ %e` G c˜›Tˆ XÁ c˜Ã^, TˆÁc˜Á Y“ªJÙÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ C Tˆda∂ëˆ„µ˘ ^«◊N˛ ÂVFÁcÕ„Tˆ
ÂL„_ [˝◊aÃ^Á %Á]ÁÃ[˝ %‹ôˆÃ[˝Á±¡ÁÃ[˝ ◊XEıªRÙO Y“◊Tˆp˚Á[˝à˘ c˜cÕ_Á]* \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ ◊•Tˆ›Ã^
%◊\â◊µ˘ [˝«◊Mı_Á], %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ]„XÃ[˝ AcÕ V«[[˝Ô_TˆÁ ]„XÃ[˝ a∂ˆÇ«„F T«ˆ◊_Ã^Á TˆÁc˜Á
◊ªJÙ[Ã ˝EıÁ„_Ã[˝ LXÓ ◊[˝XÁ` EıÃ[˝Á* Â^ Â^ÁGÁ[˝ÿˆö ÁY“ÁUfi TˆÁc˜Á[Ã ˝ Y„l˘ LXTˆÁ C ◊X#¤XTˆÁ
a]ÁX c˜CÃ^Á =◊ªJÙTˆ* [˝Áÿôˆ◊[˝Eı %◊Tˆ %î◊V„XÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó AcÕ V«[[˝Ô_TˆÁ H«◊ªJÙÃ^Á ÂG_,
AFX Â[˝ÁW˝ c˜Ã^ V` [˝daÃ[˝ AEıÁEı› UÁ◊Eı„_C ]X ªRÙO◊_„[˝ XÁ* ]Ü_]Ã^ %]Ü_
•ÁÃ[˝ÁC YÃ[˝] ]Ü_ HªRÙOÁX* T ˆTˆ›Ã^ %◊\â◊µ˘, %Á]Á„Eı AcÕ ◊`l˘Á ÂVCÃ^Á Â^
%Á]ÁÃ[˝ Â^ÁGÁ\ˆÓÁa ÿëˆ‰ªJÙrÙÁÃ^ ◊EıªK«˜ c˜cÕ„[˝ XÁ, `“à˘Á C a+…SÔ %Á±¡a]YÔScÕ

◊a◊à˘_Á„\ˆÃ[˝ Y‹öˆÁ, \ˆG[˝ÁX ÿëˆÃê Y“a~ c˜cÕÃ^Á Â^ `◊N˛ ◊a◊à˘ [˝Á %ÁX≥V ◊V„[˝X,
TˆÁc˜ÁcÕ G–c˜S Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ EıÁ„^ÔÓ _ÁGÁX %Á]ÁÃ[˝ Â^ÁG◊_¥aÁÃ[˝ AEı]Áy =„Å`Ó*
Â^◊VX c˜cÕ„Tˆ %p˚Á„XÃ[˝ Y“GÁªRÕÙ %µ˘EıÁÃ[˝ _H›\…ˆTˆ c˜cÕ„Tˆ _Á◊G_, Âa◊VX c˜cÕ„Tˆ
%Á◊] LG„TˆÃ[˝ HªRÙOXÁaEı_ ◊XÃ[˝›l˘S Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ ]Ü_]Ã^ `“›c˜◊Ã[˝Ã[˝ %Á∏JÙ^ÔÓ
%X‹ôˆ ]Ü_ ÿëˆÃ[˝÷Y±ºˆ =Y_◊ç˘ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ◊ªK˜* A]X HªRÙOXÁ XÁcÕ, --- ÂacÕ HªRÙOXÁ ]c˜ÁXÀ
Âc˜ÏEı [˝Á l«˘V– c˜cÕ„Tˆ l«˘V–Tˆ] Âc˜ÏEı, --- ^Ác˜ÁÃ[˝ •ÁÃ[˝Á ÂEıÁXC ]Ü_ a+Á◊VTˆ
c˜Ã^ XÁ* Y“ÁÃ^cÕ ◊Tˆ◊X AEı EıÁ^ÔÓ •ÁÃ[˝Á V«cÕ ªJÙÁ◊Ã[˝ =„Å`Ó ◊aà˘ Eı„Ã[˝X* %Á]Ã[˝Á
LG„Tˆ %„XEı[˝ÁÃ[˝ %µ˘`◊N˛Ã[˝ ÂF_Á ÂV◊F, %Y[˝ÓÃ^cÕ Y“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝ ◊XÃ^] [˝◊_Ã^Á
\ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ a[[˝Ôp˚TˆÁ„Eı %ÿëˆ›EıÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á B`ü◊Ã[˝Eı [˝«◊à˘Ã[˝ ÂVÁb ◊VcÕ* Âa %◊\ˆ„^ÁG
%]…_Eı* B`› `◊N˛ EıFXC %µ˘ \ˆÁ„[˝ EıÁ^ÔÓ Eı„Ã[˝X XÁ, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ `◊N˛Ã[˝ ◊[˝≥V«]Áy
%Y[˝ÓÃ^ c˜cÕ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ XÁ, [˝Ã[˝e ◊Tˆ◊X A]X ae^Tˆ \ˆÁ„[˝ %î [˝Ó„Ã^ [˝ß Zı_
=dYÁVX Eı„Ã[˝X Â^ TˆÁc˜Á ]ÁX«„bÃ[˝ EıîXÁÃ[˝ %Tˆ›Tˆ*
AcÕÃ[˝÷Y \ˆÁ„[˝ ]„XÃ[˝ ◊X‰∏JÙrÙTˆÁÃ^ Y›◊QÕˆTˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á Eı„ÃÊı ◊VX Eı‰rÙ EıÁ_^ÁYX
Eı◊Ã[˝_Á]* AEı◊VX %YÃ[˝Á‰c˜‘ %Á◊] ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ◊ªK˜_Á], ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ %Á◊a„TˆcÕ _Á◊G_,
c˜PˆÁd ÂacÕ ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ aEı_ A]X %ae^Tˆ C %ae_G¬ c˜cÕ„Tˆ _Á◊G_ Â^ [˝«◊Mı„Tˆ
YÁ◊Ã[˝_Á] ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ [˝«◊à˘Ã[˝ ◊XG–c˜`◊N˛ _«ä c˜cÕ„Tˆ ªJÙ◊__* TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Y„Ã[˝ ^FX
Y“E ı◊Tˆÿöˆ c˜cÕ_Á], TˆFX ]„X Y◊QÕˆ_ Â^ [˝«◊à˘Ã[˝ ◊XG–c˜`◊N˛ _«ä c˜cÕ„_C [˝«◊à˘
ÿëˆÃê _«ä [˝Á AEı ]«c…˜wÔ¯C }rÙ c˜Ã^ XÁcÕ, [˝Ã[˝e `Á‹ôˆ\ˆÁ„[˝ ]„XÃ[˝ AcÕ %Y…[[˝Ô ◊y‘Ã^Á
Â^X ◊XÃ[˝›l˘S Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ◊ªK˜_* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ TˆFX %Á◊] =XΩw¯TˆÁ-\ˆ„Ã^ yÿôˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á cÕc˜Á _l˘Ó
Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝ XÁcÕ* Y“ÁSY„S \ˆG[˝ÁX„Eı QˆÁ◊Eı_Á], %Á]ÁÃ[˝ [˝«◊à˘}e` ◊X[˝ÁÃ[˝S
Eı◊[Ã ˝„Tˆ [˝◊__Á]* ÂacÕ ]«c˜… „wÔ¯ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ a]ÿôˆ %‹ôˆfEı[Ã ˝„S c˜PˆÁd A]X `Á◊‹ôˆ Y“aÁ◊Ã[˝Tˆ
c˜cÕ_, a]ÿôˆ `Ã[˝›Ã[˝]Ã^ A]X `›Tˆ_TˆÁ [˝ÓÁä c˜cÕ„Tˆ _Á◊G_, =w¯ä ]X A]X
◊ÿoˆÑ˘, Y“a~ C YÃ[˝] a«F› c˜cÕ_ Â^ Y…„[[˝Ô AcÕ L›[˝„X A]X a«F]Ã^ %[˝ÿöˆÁ
%X«\ˆ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝ XÁcÕ* ◊`£ ]ÁT ˆ„y‘Á‰QÕˆ Â^]X %Á`üÿôˆ C ◊X\ˆfiEı c˜cÕÃ^Á
£cÕÃ^Á UÁ„Eı %Á◊]C Â^X ◊[˝`üLXX›Ã[˝ Ây‘Á‰QÕˆ ÂacÕÃ[˝÷Y £cÕÃ^Á Ã[˝◊c˜_Á]* AcÕ
◊V„XcÕ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ EıÁÃ[˝Á[˝Á„aÃ[˝ EırÙ H«◊ªJÙÃ^Á ÂG_* cÕc˜ÁÃ[˝ Y„Ã[˝ Eı„ÃÊı[˝ÁÃ[˝ [˝à˘Á[˝ÿöˆÁÃ[˝
%`Á◊‹ôˆ, ◊X#¤X EıÁÃ[˝Á[˝Áa C Eı∂ˆÇÔc˜›XTˆÁÃ^ ]„XÃ[˝ %„aÁÃ^Á◊ÿôˆ, `ÁÃ[˝›◊Ã[˝Eı Êzı` [˝Á
[˝ÓÁ◊W˝, Â^ÁGÁ‹ôˆGÔTˆ EıÁTˆÃ[˝ %[˝ÿöˆÁ H◊ªRÙOÃ^Á‰ªK˜, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ Âa ◊V„X \ˆG[˝ÁX AEı ]«c…˜„wÔ¯
%‹ôˆÃ[˝Á±¡ÁÃ^ A]X `◊N˛ ◊V„_X Â^ AcÕ aEı_ V«fF ]„X %Á◊aÃ^Á C ]X c˜cÕ„Tˆ
ªJÙ◊_Ã^Á ^ÁcÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ Y„Ã[˝ ÂEıÁX VÁG [˝Á ◊ªJÙc˜‘ Ã[˝Á◊F„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝Tˆ XÁ, V«f„FÃ[˝ ]„W˝ÓcÕ [˝_
C %ÁX≥V =Y„\ˆÁG Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á [˝«◊à˘ ]„XÃ[˝ V«fF„Eı Y“TˆÓÁFÓÁX Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ al˘] c˜cÕTˆ*
ÂacÕ V«fF Y≤øY‰y L_◊[˝≥V«[˝d Â[˝ÁW˝ c˜cÕTˆ* TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Y„Ã[˝ ^FX Y«ÿôÊı %Á◊a_,
TˆFX TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Y“„Ã^ÁLX›Ã^TˆÁ %„XEı Eı◊]Ã^Á ◊GÃ^Á◊ªK˜_* [˝cÕ XÁ %Á◊a„_C %Á◊]
UÁ◊Eı„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝TˆÁ]* ^◊VC %Á]ÁÃ[˝ %Á‹ôˆ◊[Ã ˝Eı L›[˝„XÃ[˝ c˜◊O Tˆc˜Áa Â_FÁ AcÕ Y“[˝µ˘m◊_Ã[˝
=„Å`Ó XÃ^, TÛÁ◊Y AcÕ HªRÙOXÁ =‰{F XÁ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á UÁ◊Eı„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝_Á] XÁ* Y„Ã[˝
V›HÔEıÁ_ ◊X#¤X EıÁÃ[˝Á[˝Á„a ÂEı]X Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á %ÁX„≥V UÁEıÁ aêˆ[˝ c˜cÕ_, TˆÁc˜Á AcÕ
HªRÙOXÁ c˜cÕ„TˆcÕ Â[˝ÁMıÁ ^ÁcÕ„[˝* AcÕ EıÁÃ[˝„ScÕ \ˆG[˝ÁX ÂacÕ %[˝ÿöˆÁ HªRÙOÁcÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜„_X*
◊Tˆ◊X =XΩw¯TˆÁ XÁ HªRÙOÁcÕÃ^Á ◊X#¤X EıÁÃ[˝Á[˝Á„a =XΩw¯TˆÁÃ[˝ y‘]◊[˝EıÁ„`Ã[˝ Y“SÁ_›
%Á]ÁÃ[˝ ]„XÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó %◊\ˆXÃ^ EıÃ[˝ÁcÕÃ^Á [˝«◊à˘„Eı ÂacÕ XÁªRÙO„EıÃ[˝ %◊[˝ªJÙ◊_Tˆ V`ÔEıÃ[˝÷„Y
[˝aÁcÕÃ^Á Ã[˝Á◊F„_X* TˆÁc˜Á„Tˆ %Á◊] `◊N˛ YÁcÕ_Á], ]ÁX«„bÃ[˝ ◊Xú«ˆÃ[˝TˆÁÃ^ %TˆÓÁªJÙÁÃ[˝-
Y›◊QÕˆTˆ [˝Ó◊N˛„VÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ VÃ^Á C ac˜ÁX«\…ˆ◊Tˆ [˝Á◊QÕˆ_ A[˝e Y“ÁUÔXÁÃ[˝ %aÁW˝ÁÃ[˝S `◊N˛
C aZı_TˆÁ c˜÷VÃ^Ü] Eı◊Ã[˝_Á]*
%Á]ÁÃ[˝ ◊X#¤X EıÁÃ[˝Á[˝Á„aÃ[˝ a]Ã^ QˆÁN˛ÁÃ[˝ ÂQˆ◊_ C ac˜EıÁÃ[˝› a«YÁ◊Ã[˝‰∞RÙO„â¯∞RÙO
aÁ„c˜[˝ Y“ÁÃ^ ÂÃ[˝ÁL %Á]ÁÃ[˝ H„Ã[˝ %Á◊aÃ^Á V«cÕ ªJÙÁ◊Ã[˝ªRÙO› Gî Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ^ÁcÕ„TˆX* LÁ◊X
XÁ ÂEıX, %Á◊] Y“U] c˜cÕ„Tˆ TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ ◊[˝„`b %X«G–c˜ C ac˜ÁX«\…ˆ◊Tˆ _Á\ˆ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ
YÁ◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜_Á]* %Á◊] =c˜Á„VÃ[˝ a◊c˜Tˆ ◊[˝„`b ÂEıÁX EıUÁ Eı◊c˜TˆÁ] XÁ, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á
^Ác˜Á ◊Lp˚ÁaÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„TˆX, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ =w¯Ã[˝ ◊VTˆÁ]* Â^ ◊[˝bÃ^ =xÁYX Eı◊Ã[˝„TˆX, TˆÁc˜Á
c˜Ã^ X›Ã[˝„[˝ £◊XTˆÁ], XÁ c˜Ã^ V«'AEıªRÙO› aÁ]ÁXÓ EıUÁ ]Áy [˝◊_Ã^Á l˘Á‹ôˆ c˜cÕTˆÁ]*
TÛÁ◊Y TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ◊XEıªRÙO %Á◊a„Tˆ ªK˜Á◊QÕˆ„TˆX XÁ* AEı◊VX ÂQˆ◊_ aÁ„c˜[˝
%Á]Á„Eı [˝◊_„_X, %Á◊] ac˜EıÁÃ[˝› a«YÁ◊Ã[˝‰∞RÙO„â¯∞RÙO„Eı [˝◊_Ã^Á [˝QÕˆ aÁ„c˜[˝„Eı a∂ˆÇTˆ
EıÃ[˝ÁcÕ„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜ Â^ T«ˆ◊] Y“TˆÓc˜ aEıÁ„_ C ◊[˝EıÁ„_ ◊Qˆy‘›Ã[˝ aÁ]„X Â[˝QÕˆÁcÕ„Tˆ
YÁ◊Ã[˝„[˝* T«ˆ◊] Â^ a]ÿôˆ ◊VX AEı l«˘V– E«ıPˆÃ[˝›„Tˆ %Á[˝à˘ c˜cÕÃ^Á UÁ◊Eı„[˝, cÕc˜Á
%Á]ÁÃ[˝ \ˆÁ_ _Á„G XÁ, cÕc˜Á„Tˆ ]X FÁÃ[˝ÁY c˜Ã^ A[˝e `Ã[˝›Ã[˝C FÁÃ[˝ÁY c˜Ã^* ÂacÕ
◊VX c˜cÕ„Tˆ %Á◊] aEıÁ„_ ◊[˝EıÁ„_ ◊Qˆy‘›Ã[˝ a∂ˆÇ«„F ÂFÁ_Á LÁÃ^GÁÃ^ Â[˝QÕˆÁcÕTˆÁ]*
◊[˝EıÁ„_ V` ◊]◊XªRÙO, YXÃ[˝ ◊]◊XªRÙO, E«ı◊QÕˆ ◊]◊XªRÙO, Â[˝QÕˆÁcÕTˆÁ], ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ aEıÁ„_ AEı
H∞RÙOÁ, AEı AEı◊VX V«cÕ H∞RÙOÁ Y^ÔÓ‹ôˆ [˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝ UÁ◊EıTˆÁ], a]„Ã^Ã[˝ ÂEıÁXC ◊XÃ^]
◊ªK˜_ XÁ* AcÕ a]Ã^ [˝QÕˆ \ˆÁ_ _Á◊GTˆ* AEı◊V„Eı ÂL„_Ã[˝ EıÁÃ[˝FÁXÁ, %YÃ[˝◊V„Eı
ÂGÁÃ^Á_HÃ[˝ --- %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ÿëˆÁW˝›X Ã[˝Á„LÓÃ[˝ AcÕ V«cÕ a›]Á ◊ªK˜_* EıÁÃ[˝FÁXÁ c˜cÕ„Tˆ
ÂGÁÃ^Á_HÃ[˝, ÂGÁÃ^Á_HÃ[˝ c˜cÕ„Tˆ EıÁÃ[˝FÁXÁ, cÕTˆÿôˆTˆf ◊[˝ªJÙÃ[˝S Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ c˜Ã^

=Y◊Xb„VÃ[˝ G\ˆ›Ã[˝ \ˆÁ„[˝ÁÅ›YEı %l˘Ã^ `◊N˛VÁÃÊı ]‹óˆ aEı_ %Á[˝ ◊w¯ Eı◊Ã[˝TˆÁ],
XÁ c˜Ã^ Eı„Ã^V›„VÃ[˝ EıÁ^ÔÓEı_ÁY C ^ÁTˆÁÃ^ÁTˆ _l˘Ó Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á a[[˝ÔH‰ªRÙO XÁÃ[˝ÁÃ^S AcÕ
]…_ aTˆÓ =Y_◊ç˘ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÊªJÙrÙÁ Eı◊Ã[˝TˆÁ]* [˝ „l˘, G „c˜, Y“ÁªJÙ›„Ã[˝, ]X«„bÓ, Y£„Tˆ,
Yl˘›„Tˆ, W˝ÁT«ˆ„Tˆ, ] ◊w¯EıÁÃ^ a[[˝Ôe F◊_üVe [˝–°˘ ]„X ]„X AcÕ ]„‹óˆÁ¨JÙÁÃ[˝SY…[[˝ÔEı
a[[˝Ô\…ˆ„Tˆ ÂacÕ =Y_◊ç˘ %Á„Ã[˝ÁY Eı◊Ã[˝TˆÁ]* AcÕÃ[˝÷Y Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ A]X \ˆÁ[˝
c˜cÕÃ^Á ^ÁcÕTˆ Â^, EıÁÃ[˝ÁGÁÃ[˝ %ÁÃ[˝ EıÁÃ[˝ÁGÁÃ[˝cÕ Â[˝ÁW˝ c˜cÕTˆ XÁ* ÂacÕ =¨JÙ Y“ÁªJÙ›Ã[˝,
ÂacÕ Â_Ác˜ÁÃ[˝ GÃ[˝ÁV, ÂacÕ aÁVÁ ÂVCÃ^Á_, ÂacÕ a…^ÔÓÃ[˝◊`ΩV›ä X›_Yy„`Á◊\ˆTˆ
[˝ l˘, ÂacÕ aÁ]ÁXÓ ◊L◊XaYy Â^X %ÁÃ[˝ %‰ªJÙTˆX X„c˜, Â^X a[[˝Ô[˝ÓÁY› ËªJÙTˆXÓY…SÔ
c˜cÕÃ^Á aL›[˝ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á %Á]Á„Eı \ˆÁ_[˝Á„a, %Á]Á„Eı %Á◊_ÜX Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ
ªJÙÁÃ^ AcÕÃ[˝÷Y Â[˝ÁW˝ c˜cÕTˆ* ]X«bÓ, GÁ\ˆ›, ◊YY›◊_EıÁ, ◊[˝c˜Ü ªJÙ◊_„Tˆ‰ªK˜, =◊QÕˆ„Tˆ‰ªK˜,
GÁ◊c˜„Tˆ‰ªK˜, EıUÁ [˝◊_„Tˆ‰ªK˜, %UªJÙ a[˝cÕ Y“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝ y‘›QÕˆÁ; ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ AEı ]c˜ÁXÀ
◊X∂ˆÇÔ_ ◊X◊_Ôä %Á±¡Á `Á◊‹ôˆ]Ã^ %ÁX„≥V ◊X]G¬ c˜cÕÃ^Á Ã[˝◊c˜Ã^Á‰ªK˜X* AEı AEı[˝ÁÃ[˝
A]X Â[˝ÁW˝ c˜c˜TO ˆ Â^X \ˆG[˝ÁXÀ ÂacÕ [˝l ˘Tˆ„_ %ÁX„≥VÃ[˝ [˝e`› [˝ÁLÁc˜„O Tˆ VÒÁQÕˆÁc˜^ÃO Á‰ªK˜X;
A[˝e ÂacÕ ]ÁW˝«„^ÔÓ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ c˜÷VÃ^ ªRÙOÁ◊XÃ^Á [˝Á◊c˜Ã[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜X* a[[˝ÔVÁ Â[˝ÁW˝ c˜cÕ„Tˆ
_Á◊G_, Â^X ÂEı %Á]Á„Eı %Á◊_ÜX Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜, ÂEı %Á]Á„Eı ÂEıÁ„_ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á
Ã[˝◊c˜Ã^Á‰ªK˜* AcÕ \ˆÁ[˝◊[˝EıÁ„` %Á]ÁÃ[˝ a]ÿôˆ ]XY“ÁS %◊W˝EıÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ◊Eı AEı
◊X∂ˆÇÔ_ ]c˜Tˆ› `Á◊‹ôˆ ◊[˝Ã[˝ÁL Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ _Á◊G_, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ [˝SÔXÁ EıÃ[˝Á ^ÁÃ^ XÁ* Y“Á„SÃ[˝
Eı◊PˆX %Á[˝[Ã ˝S F«◊_Ã^Á ÂG_ A[˝e a[[˝L Ô ›„[˝[Ã ˝ =YÃ[˝ ÊY“„]Ã[˝ ÊÿÉˆÁTˆ [˝◊c˜„Tˆ _Á◊G_*
ÊY“„]Ã[˝ a◊c˜Tˆ VÃ^Á, EıÃ[˝”SÁ, %◊c˜eaÁ cÕTˆÓÁ◊V aÁ◊√º¯Eı \ˆÁ[˝ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ Ã[˝LfY“W˝ÁX
ÿëˆ\ˆÁ[˝„Eı %◊\ˆ\…ˆTˆ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ◊[˝„`b ◊[˝EıÁ` _Á\ˆ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ _Á◊G_* %ÁÃ[˝ ^TˆcÕ
◊[˝EıÁ` YÁcÕ„Tˆ _Á◊G_, TˆTˆcÕ %ÁX≥V [˝ ◊à˘ c˜cÕ_ A[˝e ◊X∂ˆÇÔ_ `Á◊‹ôˆ\ˆÁ[˝ G\ˆ›Ã[˝
c˜cÕ_* Â]ÁEıÅ]ÁÃ[˝ V«◊∏JÙ‹ôˆÁ Y“U] c˜cÕ„Tˆ V…Ã[˝ c˜cÕÃ^Á ◊GÃ^Á◊ªK˜_, AFX ◊[˝YÃ[˝›Tˆ \ˆÁ[˝
]„X ÿöˆÁX YÁcÕ_* \ˆG[˝ÁX ]Ü_]Ã^, %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ]Ü„_Ã[˝ LXÓcÕ %Á]Á„Eı EıÁÃ[˝ÁG „c˜
%Á◊XÃ^Á‰ªK˜X, ◊X∏JÙÃ^ EıÁÃ[˝Á]«◊N˛ C %◊\ˆ„^ÁGFâ¯X c˜cÕ„[˝, AcÕ V ªRÕÙ ◊[˝`üÁa c˜cÕÃ^Á
ÂG_* cÕc˜ÁÃ[˝ Y„Ã[˝ %„XEı ◊VX %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ÂL„_Ã[˝ ÂEıÁXC EırÙ„\ˆÁG Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ c˜Ã^
XÁcÕ*
AcÕ %[˝ÿöˆÁ HX›\…ˆTˆ c˜cÕ„Tˆ Eı„ÃÊı◊VX _Á◊G_, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝cÕ ]„W˝Ó ]ÓÁ◊L‰r—Ù‰ªRÙOÃ[˝
%ÁVÁ_„Tˆ Â]ÁEıÅ]Á %ÁÃ[˝êˆ c˜Ã^* ◊X#¤X EıÁÃ[˝Á[˝Á„aÃ[˝ X›Ã[˝[˝TˆÁ c˜cÕ„Tˆ c˜PˆÁd
[˝◊c˜#¤G„TˆÃ[˝ ÂEıÁ_Ác˜„_Ã[˝ ]„W˝Ó %ÁX›Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á Y“U] ]X [˝QÕˆ ◊[˝ªJÙ◊_Tˆ c˜cÕ_,
aÁW˝XÁÃ[˝ Èÿöˆ^ÔÓ\ˆÜ c˜cÕ_ A[˝e ÂacÕ YgÁªJÙ H∞RÙOÁEıÁ_ Â]ÁEıÅ]ÁÃ[˝ X›Ã[˝a C ◊[˝Ã[˝◊N˛EıÃ[˝
EıUÁ £◊X„Tˆ ]X ◊EıªK«˜„Tˆ a∂ˆÇTˆ c˜cÕ_ XÁ* Y“U] %ÁVÁ_„Tˆ [˝◊aÃ^Á aÁW˝XÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ
ÊªJÙrÙÁ Eı◊Ã[˝TˆÁ], ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ %X\ˆÓÿôˆ ]X Y“„TˆÓEı `å C V „`ÓÃ[˝ ◊V„Eı %ÁE ırÙ c˜cÕTˆ,
ÂGÁ„_Ã[˝ ]„W˝Ó ÂacÕ ÊªJÙrÙÁ [˝ÓUÔ c˜cÕTˆ, Y„Ã[˝ \ˆÁ„[˝Ã[˝ Y◊Ã[˝[˝wÔ¯X c˜Ã^, A[˝e a]›Y[˝w¯fi
`å V `Ó ]„XÃ[˝ [˝◊c˜\ˆ… T¤ ˆ Eı◊Ã[˝^Ã Á a]ÿôˆ ◊ªJÙ‹ˆô Á`◊N˛ %‹ôˆ]FÔ« › Eı◊Ã[˝[˝Á[Ã ˝ `◊N˛ LXΩÁc˜^ÃO Á-
◊ªK˜_, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ Â]ÁEıÅ]ÁÃ[˝ Y“U] %[˝ÿöˆÁÃ^ TˆÁc˜Á H‰ªRÙO XÁcÕ, TˆFX W˝ÓÁXW˝ÁÃ[˝SÁÃ[˝ Y“E ıTˆ
l˘]TˆÁ ◊ªK˜_ XÁ* ÂacÕ EıÁÃ[˝„S AcÕ [˝ UÁ ÊªJÙrÙÁ Y◊Ã[˝TˆÓÁG Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ]„W˝Ó ]„W˝Ó a[[˝Ô\…ˆ„Tˆ
<`üÃ[˝ V`ÔX Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á a‹ô«ˆrÙ UÁ◊EıTˆÁ], %[˝◊`rÙ a]Ã^ ◊[˝YVEıÁ„_Ã[˝ aÜ›„VÃ[˝ EıUÁ
C TˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ EıÁ^ÔÓEı_ÁY _l˘Ó Eı◊Ã[˝TˆÁ], %XÓ ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ Eı◊Ã[˝TˆÁ], %U[˝Á EıFXC
XªRÙO¤X aÁ„c˜„[˝Ã[˝ `“[˝S„^ÁGÓ EıUÁ [˝Á aÁl˘›Ã[˝ aÁl˘ÓC £◊XTˆÁ]* ÂV◊F_Á] ◊X#¤X
EıÁÃ[˝ÁG „c˜ Â^]X a]Ã^ EıÁªRÙOÁX ac˜L C a«FEıÃ[˝ c˜cÕÃ^Á =◊PˆÃ^Á‰ªK˜, LXTˆÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó
A[˝e ÂacÕ mÃ[˝”TˆÃ[˝ Â]ÁEıÅ]ÁÃ[˝ L›[˝X]Ã[˝„SÃ[˝ ÂF_ÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó a]Ã^ EıÁªRÙOÁX ÂTˆ]X
ac˜L XÃ^* %◊\ˆ^«N˛ [˝Á_Eı„VÃ[˝ c˜Á◊a TˆÁ]ÁaÁ C %Á„]ÁV Y“„]ÁV £◊X„Tˆ C
ÂV◊F„Tˆ [˝QÕˆ \ˆÁ_ _Á◊GTˆ, X‰ªJÙd %ÁVÁ_„TˆÃ[˝ a]Ã^ ÂEı[˝_cÕ ◊[˝Ã[˝◊N˛EıÃ[˝ Â[˝ÁW˝
c˜cÕTˆ* aÁ‰QÕˆ ªJÙÁÃ[˝ªRÙOÁ [˝Á◊L„_ aÁX„≥V Eı„Ã^V›„VÃ[˝ GÁQÕˆ›„Tˆ =◊PˆÃ^Á ÂL„_ ◊Zı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á
^ÁcÕTˆÁ]*
Y„XÃ[˝ ÂbÁ_ ◊V„XÃ[˝ [˝≥V› %[˝ÿöˆÁÃ[˝ Y„Ã[˝ ÿëˆÁW˝›X ]X«bÓ-L›[˝„XÃ[˝ aeaGÔ C
YÃ[˝&„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ]«F V`Ô„X %XÓÁXÓ Eı„Ã^V›„VÃ[˝ %◊Tˆ`Ã^ %ÁX≥V c˜cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜_* GÁQÕˆ›„Tˆ
=◊PˆÃ^ÁcÕ TˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ c˜Á◊a C EıUÁÃ[˝ ÂZıÁÃ^ÁÃ[˝Á F«◊_Ã^Á ^ÁcÕTˆ A[˝e Â^ V` ◊]◊XªRÙOEıÁ_
TˆÁc˜Á◊VG„Eı GÁQÕˆ›„Tˆ UÁ◊Eı„Tˆ c˜cÕTˆ, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ AEı ]«c…˜wÔ¯C ÂacÕ ÊÿÉˆÁTˆ UÁ◊]Tˆ XÁ*
Y“U] ◊VX %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ F«[˝ a∂ˆÇÁ„XÃ[˝ a◊c˜Tˆ %ÁVÁ_„Tˆ _cÕÃ^Á ^ÁÃ^* %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ a„ÜcÕ
Ã^«„Ã[˝ÁY›Ã^ÁX aÁ„#¤‰∞RÙOÃ[˝ l«˘V– Y∑ªRÙOX A[˝e TˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ ◊XEıªRÙO %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ m◊_\ˆÃ[˝Á ◊Yÿôˆ_
◊ªK˜_* GÁQÕˆ›„Tˆ =◊Pˆ[˝ÁÃ[˝ a]Ã^ AEıV_ a`ÿóˆ Y«◊_a %Á]Á◊VG„Eı ◊H◊Ã[˝Ã^Á UÁ◊EıTˆ
A[˝e GÁQÕˆ›Ã[˝ Y∏JÙÁ„Tˆ E«ıªJÙEıÁCÃ^ÁL Eı◊Ã[˝Tˆ, XÁ◊][˝ÁÃ[˝ a]Ã^C TˆV–÷Y %Á„Ã^ÁLX
◊ªK˜_* AcÕ aÁLa#Á ÂV◊FÃ^Á ÂEıÁX ÂEıÁX %X◊\ˆp˚ V`ÔEı ◊X∏JÙÃ^ \ˆÁ◊[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜„_X
Â^, AcÕ c˜ÁaÓ◊Y“^Ã %î[˝^Ã ïı [˝Á_EıGS XÁ LÁ◊X ◊Eı V«faÁc˜◊aEı ◊[˝FÓÁTˆ ]c˜Á„^Áà˘Á[Ã ˝
V_* XÁ LÁ◊X TˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ Y“Á„S C `Ã[˝›„Ã[˝ EıTˆ aÁcã C [˝_ Â^ FÁ◊_ c˜Á„Tˆ `Tˆ
Y«◊_a C ÂGÁÃ[˝ÁÃ[˝ V«„\ˆ¤VÓ Y“ÁªJÙ›Ã[˝ Â\ˆV Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á Y_ÁÃ^X Eı◊Ã[˝„TˆC al˘]* ÂacÕLXÓ
Â[˝ÁW˝ c˜Ã^ %◊Tˆ a∂ˆÇÁ„XÃ[˝ a◊c˜Tˆ TˆÁc˜Á◊VG„Eı AcÕÃ[˝÷„Y _cÕÃ^Á ÂG_* Eı„ÃÊı ◊VX
AcÕÃ[˝÷Y PˆÁªRÙO ªJÙ◊__, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ YÃ[˝ y‘„] y‘„] TˆÁc˜Á Eı◊]„Tˆ _Á◊G_, Â`„b V«cÕ
ªJÙÁ◊Ã[˝LX aÁ„#¤∞RÙO %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ _cÕÃ^Á ^ÁcÕTˆ C _cÕÃ^Á %Á◊aTˆ* XÁ◊][˝ÁÃ[˝ a]Ã^

TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á [˝QÕˆ ÂV◊FTˆ XÁ, %Á]Ã[˝Á ◊Eı \ˆÁ„[˝ ÂL„_ ªR«Ù◊Eı; %Á]Ã[˝Á Â^X ÿëˆÁW˝›X \ˆÁ„[˝
Â[˝QÕˆÁcÕÃ^Á [˝ÁQÕˆ›„Tˆ ◊Zı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á %Á◊a„Tˆ◊ªK˜, ÂacÕÃ[˝÷„Y ÂL„_ ªR«Ù◊EıTˆÁ]* AcÕÃ[˝÷Y %^±Ûˆ
C ◊`◊U_TˆÁ ÂV◊FÃ^Á Y«◊_a Eı◊]`XÁÃ[˝ aÁ„c˜[˝ C Eı„ÃÊıLX a«YÁ◊Ã[˝‰∞RÙO„â¯∞RÙO
ªJÙ◊ªRÙOÃ^Á =◊PˆÃ^Á [˝◊_Ã^Á◊ªK˜„_X, ""Y“U] ◊VX Yg◊ªJÙ` ◊≈y`LX aÁ„#¤‰∞RÙOÃ[˝ [˝Ó[˝ÿöˆÁ
Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜_Á], %ÁLEıÁ_ ÂV◊F„Tˆ◊ªK˜, ªJÙÁÃ[˝ YgÁªJÙLXC %Á„a XÁ*'' TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á aÁ„#¤∞RÙO-
‰VÃ[˝ ◊TˆÃ[˝ïıÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„TˆX A[˝e Ã[˝l˘SÁ„[˝l˘„SÃ[˝ Eı‰PˆÁÃ[˝ [˝Ó[˝ÿöˆÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„TˆX, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ YÃ[˝
V«◊VX c˜Ã^ Tˆ %ÁÃ[˝ V«cÕLX aÁ„#¤∞RÙO %Á◊aTˆ, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ YÃ[˝ Y…„[[˝ÔEıÁÃ[˝ ◊`◊U_TˆÁ
%Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ %ÁÃ[˝êˆ c˜cÕTˆ* aÁ„#¤∞RÙOGS ÂV◊F„_X Â^, AcÕ Â[˝Á]ÁÃ[˝ \ˆN˛GS [˝QÕˆ ◊XÃ[˝›c˜
C `Á‹ôˆ Â_ÁEı, TˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ Y_ÁÃ^„XÃ[˝ ÂEıÁX =„VÓÁG XÁcÕ, EıÁc˜Á„EıC %Áy‘]S
Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝, c˜TˆÓÁ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ ]d_[˝C XÁcÕ, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á \ˆÁ◊[˝„_X %Á]Ã[˝Á ÂEıX %]…_Ó
a]Ã^ AcÕ ◊[˝Ã[˝◊N˛EıÃ[˝ EıÁ„^ÔÓ XrÙ Eı◊Ã[˝* Y“U„] %ÁVÁ_„Tˆ ªR«Ù◊Eı[˝ÁÃ[˝ C [˝Á◊c˜Ã[˝
c˜cÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ a]Ã^ %Á]Á◊VG„Eı Tˆ{Áa Eı◊Ã[˝Tˆ, TˆÁc˜Á„Tˆ aÁ„#¤∞RÙO„VÃ[˝ ÂEıÁ]_ EıÃ[˝&`Ô-
a«F %X«\ˆ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝TˆÁ], cÕc˜Á ◊\ˆ~ AcÕ Tˆ{Á„a EıÁc˜ÁÃ[˝C _Á\ˆ [˝Á l˘◊TˆÃ[˝ aêˆÁ[˝XÁ
◊ªK˜_ XÁ* Â[˝` Â[˝ÁMıÁ ÂG_ Â^, AcÕ Tˆ{Á„aÃ[˝ Y“„Ã^ÁLX›Ã^TˆÁÃ^ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ Ã[˝l˘Eı„VÃ[˝
G\ˆ›Ã[˝ %XÁÿöˆÁ ◊ªK˜_* V«cÕ ªJÙÁ◊Ã[˝◊VX Y„Ã[˝ cÕc˜ÁC [˝µ˘ c˜cÕ_* %Á]Ã[˝Á ◊X◊[[˝Ô‰H¬ [˝cÕ,
Ã[˝”ªRÙO›, ◊ªJÙ◊X ^Ác˜Á cÕ¨K˜Á %ÁVÁ_„TˆÃ[˝ ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ _cÕÃ^Á ^ÁcÕTˆÁ]* Y“U] _«EıÁcÕÃ^Á, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝
Y„Ã[˝ Y“EıÁ`Ó \ˆÁ„[˝ _cÕÃ^Á ^ÁcÕTˆÁ]* %Á]Ã[˝Á Â[˝Á]Á [˝Á ◊Yÿôˆ_ ªKg«˜◊QÕˆ„Tˆ ^ÁcÕ[˝ XÁ,
ÂacÕ ◊[˝`üÁa TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ `›H– V…Ã[˝ c˜cÕ_* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ÂV◊F_Á] AEı]Áy \ˆÃ^ aÁ„#¤∞RÙO„VÃ[˝
]X c˜cÕ„Tˆ ◊[˝V…◊Ã[˝Tˆ c˜Ã^ XÁcÕ* ÂEı LÁ„X EıÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ]„X Eı„[˝ ]ÓÁ◊L‰r—ÙªRÙO aÁ„c˜„[˝Ã[˝
]◊c˜]Á◊XüTˆ ]ÿôˆ„Eı YÁV«EıÁ ◊X„l˘Y Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ [˝V ]d_[˝ ªR«Ù◊Eı„[˝, TˆÁc˜Á c˜cÕ„_cÕ
a[[˝ÔXÁ`* ÂacÕ LXÓ L«TˆÁ _cÕÃ^Á ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ ^ÁcÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ a◊[˝„`b ◊X„bW˝ ◊ªK˜_ A[˝e
ÂacÕ ◊[˝b„Ã^ aÁ„#¤∞RÙOGS a[[˝ÔVÁ aTÊÔı ◊ªK˜„_X* %ÁÃ[˝ ÂEıÁXÃ[˝÷Y aÁ[˝W˝ÁXTˆÁÃ[˝ Y“◊Tˆ
TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ _l˘Ó ÂV◊F XÁcÕ*
Â]ÁEıÅ]ÁÃ[˝ ÿëˆÃ[˝÷Y AEıªR«ÙO ◊[˝◊ªJÙy ◊ªK˜_* ]ÓÁ◊L‰r—Ùª RÙO, ÂEıÏ◊≥a_›, aÁl˘›, aÁl˘Ó,
Exihibits, %ÁaÁ]›, aEı_cÕ ◊[˝◊ªJÙy* ◊VX ◊VX ÂacÕ aÁl˘› C Exihibits-AÃ[˝
%◊[˝[Ã ˝Á] ÊÿÉˆÁTˆ, ÂacÕ ÂEıÏ◊≥a_›Ã[˝ XÁªRÙ„O EıÁ◊ªJÙTˆ %◊\ˆX^Ã , ÂacÕ [˝Á_Eıÿˆë \ˆÁ[˝ ]ÓÁ◊L‰r—Ù‰Rª Ù[ÃO ˝
[˝Á_„EıÁ◊ªJÙTˆ ªJÙY_TˆÁ C _H«TˆÁ, ÂacÕ %Y…[[˝Ô %ÁaÁ]›„VÃ[˝ %Y…[[˝Ô\ˆÁ[˝ ÂV◊F„Tˆ
ÂV◊F„Tˆ %„XEı[˝ÁÃ[˝ AcÕ EıîXÁ ]„X =VÃ^ c˜cÕTˆ Â^ %Á]Ã[˝Á [˝ ◊ªRÙO` ◊[˝ªJÙÁÃ[˝Á_„Ã^
XÁ [˝◊aÃ^Á ÂEıÁX XÁªRÙOG „c˜Ã[˝ Ã[˝Ü]„á˚ [˝Á ÂEıÁX EıîXÁY…SÔ DYXÓÁ◊aEı Ã[˝Á„LÓ

[˝◊aÃ^Á %Á◊ªK˜* Al˘„S ÂacÕ [Ã ˝Á„LÓÃ[˝ ◊[˝◊Jª Ùy L›[˝aEı„_Ã[˝ ae◊l˘ä [˝SXÔ Á Eı◊[Ã ˝„Tˆ◊Kª ˜*
AcÕ XÁªRÙO„EıÃ[˝ Y“W˝ÁX %◊\ˆ„XTˆÁ aÃ[˝EıÁÃ[˝ [˝Ác˜ÁV«„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ÂEıÏ◊≥a_› XªRÙO¤X aÁ„c˜[˝
◊ªK˜„_X* ◊Tˆ◊X Y“W˝ÁX %◊\ˆ„XTˆÁ ÂEıX, AcÕ XÁªRÙO„EıÃ[˝ Ã[˝ªJÙ◊Ã^TˆÁ, a…yW˝Ã[˝ (stage
manager) A[˝e aÁl˘›Ã[˝ ÿˆÇÁÃ[˝Eı (prompter) ◊ªK˜„_X, ---- A]X È[˝◊ªJÙyÓ]Ã^
Y“◊Tˆ\ˆÁ LG„Tˆ ◊[˝Ã[˝_* ÂEıÏ◊≥a_› XªRÙO¤X ]ÁV–ÁL› aÁ„c˜[˝, ÂacÕLXÓ Â[˝ÁW˝ c˜Ã^
[˝Ü„V`›Ã^ [˝ÓÁ◊Ã[˝rÙÁÃ[˝ ]â¯_›Ã[˝ Y“ªJÙ◊_Tˆ X›◊Tˆ C \ˆV–TˆÁÃ^ %X\ˆÓÿôˆ C %X◊\ˆp˚*
◊Tˆ◊X AEı a]Ã^ LÁTˆ›Ã^ ]c˜Áa\ˆÁÃ[˝ AEıLX ÂXTˆÁ ◊ªK˜„_X, ÂacÕLXÓ Â[˝ÁW˝ c˜Ã^
◊[˝Ã[˝”à˘ÁªJÙÃ[˝S C Y“◊Tˆ[˝ÁV ac˜Ó Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ %l˘] A[˝e ◊[˝Ã[˝”à˘ÁªJÙÁÃ[˝›„Eı `ÁaX Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ
%\ˆÓÿôˆ* AcÕÃ[˝÷Y Y“E ı◊Tˆ„Eı Â_Á„Eı ◊aec˜ÿëˆ\ˆÁ[˝ [˝„_* XªRÙO¤X aÁ„c˜[˝ EıFX ]ÁV–ÁL
Eı„YÔÁ„Ã[˝`„XÃ[˝ ◊aec˜ ◊ªK˜„_X ◊Eı XÁ, [˝◊_„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝ XÁ, Tˆ„[˝ %Á◊_Y«Ã[˝ ÂEıÁ‰ªRÙO¤Ã[˝
◊aec˜ ◊ªK˜„_X [˝‰ªRÙO* TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ %ÁcÕX-%◊\ˆp˚TˆÁÃ[˝ G\ˆ›Ã[˝TˆÁÃ^ ]«Ñ˘ c˜CÃ^Á Eı◊PˆX
--- Âa Â^X G–›πÇEıÁ„_Ã[˝ `›Tˆ* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ [˝N ˛TˆÁÃ[˝ %XGÔ_ ÊÿÉˆÁ„Tˆ, EıUÁÃ[˝ YÁ◊Ã[˝YÁ‰ªRÙOÓ,
EıUÁÃ[˝ ÊªJÙÁ‰ªRÙO _H«˝ aÁl˘Ó„Eı mÃ[˝” EıÃ[˝ÁÃ[˝ %‡«ˆTˆ l˘]TˆÁÃ^, %]…_Eı [˝Á %î]…_Eı
=◊N˛Ã[˝ V«faÁc˜◊aEıTˆÁ^Ã , aÁl˘› C L«◊XÃ^ÁÃ[˝ [˝ÓÁ◊Ã[˝rÙÁ„Ã[˝[Ã ˝ =YÃ[˝ Tˆ∂ˆë ›„Tˆ A[˝e aÁVÁ„Eı
EıÁ„_Á Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ ]„XÁ„]Á◊c˜X› `◊N˛„Tˆ XªRÙO¤X aÁ„c˜„[˝Ã[˝ %T«ˆ_X›Ã^ Y“◊Tˆ\ˆÁ ÂV◊F„_cÕ
]«Ñ˘ c˜cÕ„Tˆ c˜cÕTˆ* Ê`“úˆ ÂEıÏ◊≥a_›Ã[˝ ]„W˝Ó ◊TˆX Ê`“S› %Á‰ªK˜, ---- ^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á %ÁcÕX-
YÁ◊â¯„TˆÓ A[˝e ÛÁUÔ [˝ÓÁFÓÁÃ^ C a…©ø ◊[˝‰`¿b„S L„LÃ[˝ ]„X Y“Tˆ›◊Tˆ LXΩÁcÕ„Tˆ
YÁ„Ã[˝X, ^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á ªJÙT«ˆÃ[˝ \ˆÁ„[˝ aÁl˘›Ã[˝ ◊XEıªRÙO aTˆÓ EıUÁ [˝Á◊c˜Ã[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á C Â]ÁEıÅ]ÁÃ[˝
◊[˝bÃ^›\…ˆTˆ HªRÙOXÁ C ◊[˝„[˝ªJÙÓ ◊[˝bÃ^ Vl˘TˆÁÃ[˝ a◊c˜Tˆ Y“V`ÔX Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á LL [˝Á L«◊Ã[˝Ã[˝
]X ◊X„LÃ[˝ ◊V„Eı %ÁEıbÔS Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝X A[˝e ^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á EıUÁÃ[˝ ÂLÁ„Ã[˝, ◊[˝\ˆ›◊bEıÁ
Y“V`Ô„X, [˝N ˛TˆÁÃ[˝ ÊÿÉˆÁ„Tˆ aÁl˘›„Eı c˜Tˆ[˝«◊à˘ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á, Â]ÁEıÅ]ÁÃ[˝ ◊[˝b„Ã^Ã[˝ ◊V[˝Ó
ÂGÁ_]Á_ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á, G_ÁÃ[˝ ÂLÁ„Ã[˝ LL [˝Á L«◊Ã[˝Ã[˝ [˝«◊à˘ ÿöˆÁXªJ«ÙÓTˆ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á Â]ÁEıÅ]ÁÃ^
◊L◊Tˆ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝X* XªRÙO¤X aÁ„c˜[˝ T ˆTˆ›Ã^ Ê`“S›Ã[˝ ]„W˝Ó %G–GSÓ* cÕc˜Á ÂVÁ„bÃ[˝ EıUÁ
X„c˜* ÂEıÏ◊≥a_› [˝Ó[˝aÁÃ^› ]ÁX«b, ªRÙOÁEıÁ ÂXX, Â^ ªRÙOÁEıÁ ÂVÃ^ TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ %\ˆ›◊¥aTˆ
=„Å`Ó ◊aà˘ EıÃ[˝Á TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ EıwÔ¯[˝Ó Eı∂ˆÇÔ* AFX [˝ ◊ªRÙO` %ÁcÕX Y“SÁ_› •ÁÃ[˝Á aTˆÓ
EıUÁ [˝Á◊c˜[Ã ˝ EıÃ[˝Á [˝ÁV› Y“◊Tˆ[˝ÁV›Ã[˝ %Áa_ =„Å`Ó X„c˜, ÂEıÁXC =YÁ„Ã^ Â]ÁEıÅ]ÁÃ^
LÃ^ _Á\ˆ EıÃ[˝ÁcÕ =„Å`Ó* %TÂ[˝ ÂEıÏ◊≥a_› ÂacÕ ÊªJÙrÙÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝X, X‰ªJÙd TgˆÁc˜Á„Eı
W˝∂ˆÇÔªJ«ÙÓTˆ c˜cÕ„Tˆ c˜Ã^* \ˆG[˝ÁX %XÓ mS XÁ ◊VÃ^Á UÁ◊Eı„_ Â^ mS %Á‰ªK˜, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝
ÂLÁ„Ã[˝cÕ Â]ÁEıÅ]ÁÃ^ ◊L◊Tˆ„Tˆ c˜cÕ„[˝, a«TˆÃ[˝Áe XªRÙO¤X aÁ„c˜[˝ ÿëˆW˝∂ˆÇÔ YÁ_XcÕ
Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ◊ªK˜„_X* aÃ[˝EıÁÃ[˝ [˝Ác˜ÁV«Ã[˝ TgˆÁc˜Á„Eı ÂÃ[˝ÁL c˜ÁLÁÃ[˝ ªRÙOÁEıÁ ◊V„TˆX* AcÕ %UÔ[˝ÓÃ^
[˝ UÁ c˜cÕ„_ aÃ[˝EıÁÃ[˝ [˝Ác˜ÁV«„Ã[˝Ã[˝ l˘◊Tˆ c˜Ã^, Âa l˘◊Tˆ ^Ác˜Á„Tˆ XÁ c˜Ã^ XªRÙO¤X aÁ„c˜[˝
Y“ÁSY„S ÂacÕ ÊªJÙrÙÁ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X* Tˆ„[˝ Â^ Â]ÁEıÅ]Á Ã[˝ÁLX›◊Tˆ aey‘Á‹ôˆ, TˆÁc˜Á„Tˆ
◊[˝„`b =VÁÃ[˝ \ˆÁ„[˝ %ÁaÁ]›„Eı a«◊[˝W˝Á ÂVCÃ^Á A[˝e a„≥Vc˜LXEı [˝Á %◊X◊∏JÙTˆ
Y“]Á„SÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ ÂLÁÃ[˝ XÁ EıÃ[˝Á [˝ ◊ªRÙO` %ÁcÕX Yà˘◊TˆÃ[˝ ◊XÃ^]* XªRÙO¤X aÁ„c˜[˝ ^◊V
AcÕ ◊XÃ^] a[[˝ÔVÁ ÿˆÇÃ[˝S Eı◊Ã[˝„TˆX Tˆ„[˝ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ Â[˝ÁW˝ c˜Ã^ XÁ Â^ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ÂEı„aÃ[˝
ÂEıÁX c˜Á◊X c˜cÕTˆ* %YÃ[˝ ◊V„Eı Eı„ÃÊıLX ◊X„Å¤Áb› Â_ÁEı„Eı ◊X#¤X EıÁÃ[˝Á[˝Á„aÃ[˝
^‹óˆSÁ Â\ˆÁG Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ c˜c˜TO ˆ XÁ A[˝e ◊XÃ[˝›c˜ %„`ÁEı X≥V› Y“Á„S [˝Ág ◊ªJÙ„TˆC YÁ◊Ã[˝„TˆX*
ÂEıÏ◊≥a_› aÁ„c˜„[˝Ã[˝ ◊aec˜Y“E ı◊Tˆ Â[˝ÁW˝ c˜Ã^ AcÕ ÂVÁ„bÃ[˝ ]…_* c˜◊_e„`V c˜_ C
Y¿«ªRÙOÁEÔı Â^]X ÂaEÀıa◊YÃ^„Ã[˝Ã[˝ LXÓ B◊Tˆc˜Á◊aEı XÁªªRÙO„EıÃ[˝ =YÁVÁX aeG–c˜ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á
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Tˆ›©¬˘[˝«◊à˘a+~ l˘]TˆÁ[˝ÁX C Y“TˆÁY`Á_› bold bad man* %Á◊]cÕ LÁTˆ›Ã^
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[˝Á %Y“TˆÓÁ◊`Tˆ Zı_ aEı_cÕ %Ã[˝◊[˝≥V ÂHÁ„bÃ[˝ a ◊rÙ, A[˝e ^FX %Ã[˝◊[˝„≥VÃ[˝ a ◊rÙ
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TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Â[˝ÁW˝ c˜Ã^ ◊[˝`üÁa ◊ªK˜_ Â^ %Á◊] W˝Ã[˝Á XÁ Y◊ªQÕˆ„_ Â[˝ÁW˝ c˜Ã^ V«cÕ [˝da„Ã[˝Ã[˝
]„W˝Ó cÕeÃ[˝Á„LÃ[˝ \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ aÁ∂ÉˆÁLÓ W[˝eaY“Áä c˜cÕTˆ* %Á]ÁÃ[˝ XÁ] ÂEıÁXC ÊªKg˜QÕˆÁ
EıÁG„LÃ[˝ ªR«ÙOEıÃ[˝ÁÃ^ YÁcÕ„_ XªRÙO¤X ]c˜Á F«◊a c˜cÕ„TˆX, A[˝e aÁV„Ã[˝ AcÕ YÃ[˝] ]…_Ó[˝ÁX
Y“]ÁS ]ÓÁ◊L‰r—Ù‰ªRÙOÃ[˝ `“›ªJÙÃ[˝„S %YÔS Eı◊Ã[˝„TˆX* V«f„FÃ[˝ EıUÁ, %Á◊] %[˝TˆÁÃ[˝ c˜cÕÃ^Á
LXΩG–c˜S Eı◊Ã[˝ XÁcÕ, X‰ªJÙd %Á]ÁÃ[˝ Y“◊Tˆ ÂacÕ a]„Ã^Ã[˝ ATˆ \ˆ◊N˛ C %X[˝Ã[˝Tˆ
%Á]ÁÃ[˝ W˝ÓÁ„X XªRÙX¤O aÁ„c˜[˝ ◊X∏JÙ^Ã TˆFXcÕ ]«◊N˛_Á\ˆ Eı◊[Ã ˝„TˆX, TˆÁc˜Á c˜c˜„O _ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝
EıÁ[Ã ˝Á[˝Á„aÃ[˝ a]Ã^ C G[˝S„Ô ]‰∞RÙ[ÃO ˝ %UÔ[˝Ó^Ã =\ˆ^Ã cÕ a·«¯◊Jª ÙTˆ c˜c˜TO ˆ* Âa`XÀaÀ %ÁVÁ_„Tˆ
%Á◊] ◊X„Å¤Áb› Y“]Á◊STˆ c˜CÃ^ÁÃ^ XªRÙO¤X E ıTˆ plot-AÃ[˝ `“› C ÂGÏÃ[˝[˝ ◊[˝XrÙ c˜Ã^*
Â[˝Ã[˝◊aEı [˝›ªJÙy‘ZıÀªRÙO c˜ÓÁ]„_ªRÙO XÁªRÙOEı c˜cÕ„Tˆ c˜ÓÁ]„_ªRÙO„Eı [˝ÁV ◊VÃ^Á ◊[˝e` `TˆÁå›Ã[˝
Ê`“úˆ EıÁ[˝Ó„Eı c˜Tˆ `“› Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ÂG„_X* a]Á„_ÁªJÙEı„Eı ^◊V EıÁ[˝Ó Y◊Ã[˝[˝wÔ¯X Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝
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a]Ã^ %a]Ã^ p˚ÁX %ÁV„[˝ ◊ªK˜_ XÁ* XªRÙX¤O aÁ„c˜[˝ ^FX ae_G¬ %ae_‰G¬[Ã ˝ ◊[˝Jª ÙÁ[Ã ˝„Eı
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Jª ÙÁRª ÙÁO #fi ]c˜Á`Ã^ =◊Pˆ^Ã Á %ae_G¬ [˝Á inadmissible [˝◊_Ã^Á %ÁY◊w¯ Eı◊[Ã ˝„TˆX*
◊Tˆ◊X [˝◊« Mı„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝X XÁcÕ Â^ ae_G¬ [˝Á %Ác˜XO aÜTˆ Y“]ÁS [˝◊_Ã^Á XÃ^, XªRÙX¤O E ıTˆ
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[˝Ó[˝c˜Á„Ã[˝ XªRÙX¤O ÂEıX, [˝Á◊_Ô aÁ„c˜[˝ Y^ÔÓ‹ôˆ Jª Ù◊Rª Ù^ÃO Á =◊Pˆ„TˆX* AEı[˝Á[Ã ˝ [˝Á◊_Ô aÁ„c˜[˝
Jª ÙÁRª ÙÁO #fi ]c˜Á`Ã^„Eı Eı[Ã ˝”S ÿëˆ„[Ã ˝ [˝◊_Ã^Á◊ªK˜„_X, ""Mr. Chatterji, we were get-
ting on very nicely before you came'' (%ÁY◊X ^FX %Á„aX XÁcÕ,
%Á]Ã[˝Á ◊X◊[[˝‰Ô H¬ Â]ÁEıÅ]Á Jª ÙÁ_Ác˜„O Tˆ◊Kª ˜_Á])* TˆÁc˜Á [˝‰ªRÙO, XÁªRÙO„EıÃ[˝ Ã[˝ªJÙXÁÃ[˝ a]„Ã^
EıUÁÃ^ EıUÁÃ^ %ÁY◊w¯ T«ˆ◊_„_ XÁªRÙOEıC %G–aÃ[˝ c˜Ã^ XÁ, V`ÔEı[˝ „≥VÃ[˝C Ã[˝a\ˆÜ c˜Ã^*
XªRÙO¤X aÁ„c˜[˝ ^◊V XÁªRÙO„EıÃ[˝ Ã[˝ªJÙ◊Ã^TˆÁ, Y“W˝ÁX %◊\ˆ„XTˆÁ C a…yW˝Ã[˝ c˜X, ]ÓÁ◊L‰r—ÙªRÙO
[˝Á◊_Ô„Eı XÁªRÙOEıEıÁ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ Y úˆ„YÁbEı [˝Á patron [˝◊_Ã^Á %◊\ˆ◊c˜Tˆ EıÃ[˝Á ^ÁÃ^* [˝Á◊_Ô
aÁ„c˜[˝ Â[˝ÁW˝ c˜Ã^, ïıªJÙ LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ ÂGÏÃ[˝[˝* TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ÊªJÙc˜ÁÃ[˝Á ïıªRÙO_„â¯Ã[˝ ÿˆÇÁÃ[˝Eı◊ªJÙc˜‘*
%◊Tˆ aÁVÁ, %◊Tˆ _∂ëˆÁ, %◊Tˆ ÂÃ[˝ÁGÁ, V›HÔ ÂVc˜^◊rÙÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ l«˘V– ]ÿôÊı ÂV◊FÃ^Á
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Ã[˝◊c˜Ã^Á‰ªK˜* TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ªJ«Ù_ W˝…_ÁÃ[˝ [˝SÔ (sandy haired) A[˝e ïıªRÙO_„â¯Ã[˝ a]ÿôˆ ◊c˜]
C [˝Ã[˝Zı TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ]«„FÃ[˝ \ˆÁ„[˝ L◊]Ã^Á Ã[˝◊c˜Ã^Á‰ªK˜* ^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ATˆ V›HÔ ÂVc˜, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝
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c˜^Ã * ◊Eı‹ˆ«ô AcÕ ◊[˝b„Ã^ [˝Á◊_Ô-a ◊rÙ[Ã ˝ a]„Ã^ Y“Eı ◊Tˆ ÂV[˝› Â[˝ÁW˝ c˜^Ã AEıRª Ù« O %]„XÁ„^ÁG›
C %XÓ]Xïı c˜cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜„_X* cÕeÃ[˝ÁL Eı◊[˝ ]ÁÃ[˝„_Á AcÕ ◊]Tˆ[˝Ó◊Ã^TˆÁ infinite
riches in a little room (l«˘V– \ˆÁâ¯Á„Ã[˝ %a›] W˝X) [˝◊_Ã^Á [˝SÔXÁ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X,
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A little riches* [˝Áÿôˆ◊[˝Eı AcÕ V›HÔ ÂV„c˜ ATˆ %î ◊[˝VÓÁ[˝«◊à˘ ÂV◊FÃ^Á V«fF c˜cÕTˆ
A[˝e AcÕ W˝Ã[˝„SÃ[˝ %îaeFÓEı `ÁaXEıwÔ¯Á •ÁÃ[˝Á ◊≈y` ÂEıÁªRÙO› \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ[˝Áa› `Á◊aTˆ
c˜cÕÃ^Á Ã[˝◊c˜Ã^Á‰ªK˜ ÿˆÇÃ[˝S Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á cÕeÃ[˝Á„LÃ[˝ ]◊c˜]Á C ◊[˝–◊ªRÙO` `ÁaXY“SÁ_›Ã[˝ =YÃ[˝
Y“GÁªRÕÙ \ˆ◊N˛Ã[˝ =VÃ^ c˜cÕTˆ* [˝Á◊_Ô aÁ„c˜„[˝Ã[˝ ◊[˝VÓÁ `“›^«N˛ Â[˝ÓÁ]„Eı` ªJÙy‘[˝w¯fiÃ[˝
ÂLÃ[˝ÁÃ[˝ a]Ã^ Y“EıÁ` c˜cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜_* ÿëˆÃê Eı„[˝ Â]ÁEıÅ]Á ÿëˆ›Ã^ EıÃ[˝Eı]„_ G–c˜S
Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜„_X [˝Á ◊Eı Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á Â]ÁEıÅ]Á G–c˜S a+~ c˜Ã^, ATˆ [˝da„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ]ÓÁ◊L‰r—Ùª RÙO-
◊G◊Ã[˝Ã[˝ Y„Ã[˝ TˆÁc˜Á ◊XSÔÃ^ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ ◊GÃ^Á [˝Á◊_ÔÃ[˝ ]ÁUÁ H«◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ◊GÃ^Á◊ªK˜_, ÂacÕ a]aÓÁÃ[˝
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YÁcÕ„Tˆ a‰ªJÙrÙ c˜cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜„_X* AFXC [˝Á◊_Ô Eı„[˝ Â]ÁEıÅ]Á G–c˜S Eı◊Ã[˝„_X, AcÕ
Y“`¬ Â]ÁEıÅ]ÁÃ[˝ %◊Tˆ L◊ªRÙO_ a]aÓÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó GSÓ* ªJÙÁªRÙOÁ#fi ]c˜Á`„Ã^Ã[˝ ◊XEıªRÙO Â^
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%X«]ÁX EıÃ[˝Á ^ÁÃ^* Y“U] c˜cÕ„Tˆ ◊Tˆ◊X XªRÙO¤X aÁ„c˜„[˝Ã[˝ YÁ◊â¯„TˆÓ C [˝Á◊GΩTˆÁÃ^ ]‹ó
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Ã[˝Á„G Ã[˝Á◊G„TˆX Â^, AcÕ aÃ[˝_ ◊`£Ã[˝ %ÁªJÙÃ[˝S ÂV◊FÃ^Á ]Á„Mı ]Á„Mı Y“[˝_ Âÿoˆc˜
C [˝Áda_Ó \ˆÁ[˝ ]„X %Á◊[˝\…ˆ¤Tˆ c˜cÕTˆ* [˝Á◊_Ô ◊XTˆÁ‹ôˆ [˝Á_Eıÿëˆ\ˆÁ[˝* EıFX TgˆÁc˜Á„Eı
]ÓÁ◊L‰r—Ùª RÙO [˝◊_Ã^Á \ˆÁ◊[˝„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝ XÁcÕ, Â[˝ÁW˝ c˜cÕTˆ Â^X ï«ı„_Ã[˝ ªK˜Áy c˜PˆÁd
ï«ı„_Ã[˝ ◊`l˘Eı c˜cÕÃ^Á ◊`l˘„EıÃ[˝ =¨JÙ ]„á˚ %Áa›X c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜X* ÂacÕ \ˆÁ„[˝ ◊Tˆ◊X
ÂEıÁ‰ªRÙO¤Ã[˝ EıÁ^ÔÓ ªJÙÁ_ÁcÕ„TˆX* ÂEıc˜ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Y“◊Tˆ %◊Y“Ã^ [˝Ó[˝c˜ÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„_ ï«ı„_Ã[˝
◊`l˘„EıÃ[˝ XÓÁÃ^ `ÁaX Eı◊Ã[˝„TˆX* %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó ^◊V ÂEıc˜ ÂEıc˜ Â]ÁEıÅ]Á Y“cã„X
◊[˝Ã[˝N˛ c˜cÕÃ^Á YÃ[˝&„Ã[˝ EıUÁ[˝ÁwÔ¯Á %ÁÃ[˝êˆ Eı◊Ã[˝„TˆX, [˝Á◊_Ô aÁ„c˜[˝ ï«ı_]ÁrÙÁÃ[˝›
W˝Ã[˝„S [˝◊EıÃ^Á =◊Pˆ„TˆX, XÁ £◊X„_ aEı_„Eı VÒÁQÕˆÁcÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ ßE«ı] Eı◊Ã[˝„TˆX, TˆÁc˜ÁC
Tˆdl˘SÁd XÁ £◊X„_ Y“c˜Ã[˝›„Eı VÒÁQÕˆ EıÃ[˝ÁcÕ„Tˆ [˝◊_„TˆX* %Á]Ã[˝Á AcÕ ï«ı_]ÁrÙÁÃ[˝›
W˝Ã[˝S Y“TˆÓl˘ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ ATˆ %\ˆÓÿôˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á ◊GÃ^Á◊ªK˜_Á] Â^ ^FX [˝Á◊_Ô„Tˆ C ªJÙÁªRÙOÁ#fi
]c˜Á`„Ã^ MıGQÕˆÁ _Á◊GÃ^Á ◊GÃ^Á◊ªK˜_, %Á]Ã[˝Á TˆFX Y“◊Tˆl˘„S AcÕ Y“TˆÓÁ`ÁÃ^ ◊ªK˜_Á]
Â^ [˝ÓÁ◊Ã[˝rÙÁÃ[˝ ]c˜Á`„Ã^Ã[˝ =YÃ[˝ A[˝ÁÃ[˝ VÒÁQÕˆÁcÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ `Á◊ÿôˆ Y“ªJÙÁ◊Ã[˝Tˆ c˜cÕ„[˝* [˝Á◊_Ô
aÁ„c˜[˝ ◊Eı‹ôˆ« =∑ªRÙÁO =YÁÃ^ W˝◊[Ã ˝„_X, Jª Ù›dEıÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝^Ã Á ""Sit down Mr. Chatterji''
[˝◊_Ã^Á TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ %Á◊_Y«Ã[˝ ï«ı„_Ã[˝ AcÕ X[˝ÁGTˆ V«Ã[˝‹ôˆ ªK˜Áy„Eı [˝aÁcÕÃ^Á ◊V„_X*
Â^]X AEı AEıLX ]ÁrÙÁÃ[˝, ªK˜Áy ÂEıÁX Y“`¬ Eı◊Ã[˝„_ [˝Á YQÕˆÁÃ[˝ a]Ã^ %◊Tˆ◊Ã[˝N˛
[˝ÓÁFÓÁ ªJÙÁ◊c˜„_, ◊[˝Ã[˝N˛ c˜cÕÃ^Á TˆÁc˜Á„Eı `ÁaÁcÕÃ^Á ÂVX, [˝Á◊_ÔC %ÁaÁ]›Ã[˝ =◊Eı_
%ÁY◊w¯ Eı◊Ã[˝„_ ◊[˝Ã[˝N˛ c˜cÕÃ^Á TˆÁc˜Á„Eı `ÁaÁcÕ„TˆX* ÂEıÁX ÂEıÁX aÁl˘› XªRÙO¤X„Eı
[˝Ó◊Tˆ[˝Óÿôˆ Eı◊Ã[˝Tˆ* XªRÙO¤X [˝Á◊c˜Ã[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ ªJÙÁ◊c˜„TˆX Â^ %]«Eı Â_FÁ %]«Eı %ÁaÁ]›Ã[˝
c˜ÿôˆÁl˘Ã[˝, aÁl˘› ^◊V [˝◊_„TˆX, XÁ, A Tˆ ◊PÊı ÂacÕ Â_FÁÃ[˝ ]Tˆ Â_FÁ XÃ^, Tˆ„[˝
c˜cÕ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝, [˝_Á ^ÁÃ^ XÁ, --- %„XEı aÁl˘› AcÕÃ[˝÷Y =w¯Ã[˝ ◊V„TˆX, XªRÙO¤X cÕc˜Á„Tˆ
%W˝›Ã[˝ c˜cÕ„TˆX* [˝◊EıÃ^Á Mı◊EıÃ^Á, ÊªJgÙªJÙÁcÕÃ^Á `ÁaÁcÕÃ^Á ÂEıÁX =YÁ„Ã^ %\ˆ›◊¥aTˆ
=w¯Ã[˝ [˝Á◊c˜Ã[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÊªJÙrÙÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„TˆX* TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Â`b Y“`¬ c˜cÕTˆ, ""What is your
belief ?'' T«ˆ◊] ◊Eı ]„X EıÃ[˝, cg˜Á ◊Eı XÁ* aÁl˘› cg˜Á-C [˝◊_„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝„TˆX XÁ,
XÁ-C [˝◊_„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝„TˆX XÁ, [˝ÁÃ[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ H«◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ◊Zı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ÂacÕ =w¯Ã[˝cÕ Eı◊Ã[˝„TˆX*
XªRÙO¤X„Eı [˝«MıÁcÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÊªJÙrÙÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„TˆX Â^ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ÂEıÁXC belief XÁcÕ, ◊Tˆ◊X a„≥V„c˜
ÂVÁ_ÁÃ^]ÁX* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ XªRÙO¤X ÂacÕ =w¯Ã[˝ ªJÙÁ◊c˜„TˆX XÁ, [˝ÁÃ[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ Â]HG#¤„XÃ[˝ Ã[˝„[˝ ÂacÕ
aÁeHÁ◊TÊı Y“‰`¬ aÁl˘›Ã[˝ ]ÁUÁÃ^ [˝qÁHÁTˆ Y◊QÕˆTˆ, ""Come, sir, what is your
belief?'' XªRÙO¤„XÃ[˝ Ã[˝Á„G [˝Á◊_Ô Ã[˝Á◊GÃ^Á =YÃ[˝ c˜cÕ„Tˆ G#¤X Eı◊Ã[˝„TˆX, ""ÊªRÙOÁ]ÁÃ[˝
◊[˝aÀCÃ^Áa ◊Eı %Á‰ªK˜?'' Â[˝ªJÙÁÃ[˝Á aÁl˘› ]c˜Á ZgıÁY„Ã[˝ Y◊QÕˆ„TˆX* TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ÂEıÁX
◊[˝aÀCÃ^Áa XÁcÕ, %UªJÙ AEı◊V„Eı ]ÓÁ◊L‰r—Ùª RÙO, %YÃ[˝ ◊V„Eı XªRÙO¤X l«˘◊W˝Tˆ [˝ÓÁ‰H–Ã[˝
XÓÁÃ^ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ XÁQÕˆ› \g«ˆ◊QÕˆ ŸªK˜◊QÕˆÃ^Á ÂacÕ %]…_Ó %Y“ÁYÓ ◊[˝aÀCÃ^Áa [˝Á◊c˜Ã[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ
E ı„TˆÁVÓ] c˜cÕÃ^Á V«cÕ◊VEı c˜cÕ„Tˆ \ˆ›bS G#¤X Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜X* Y“ÁÃ^cÕ ◊[˝aÀCÃ^Áa
[˝Á◊c˜Ã[˝ c˜cÕTˆ XÁ, aÁl˘› H∂ˆÇÔÁN˛ Eı„_[˝„Ã[˝ H…SÔÓ]ÁX [˝«◊à˘„Tˆ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ^‹óˆSÁÿöˆÁX
c˜cÕ„Tˆ Y“ÁS _cÕÃ^Á YÁ_ÁcÕÃ^Á ^ÁcÕ„TˆX* AEı AEıLX ◊[˝aÀCÃ^Á„aÃ[˝ %„Yl˘Á Y“ÁScÕ
◊Y“Ã^ ◊L◊Xa [˝◊_Ã^Á E ı◊≈y] ◊[˝aÀCÃ^Áa XªRÙO¤X aÁ„c˜„[˝Ã[˝ ªJÙÃ[˝SEı]„_ =Yc˜ÁÃ[˝ ◊VÃ^Á
[˝gÁ≈◊ªJÙ„TˆX, XªRÙO¤X %◊Tˆ a‹ô«ˆrÙ c˜cÕÃ^Á [˝ÁEı› ÂLÃ[˝Á Âÿoˆ„c˜Ã[˝ a◊c˜Tˆ a+~ Eı◊Ã[˝„TˆX*
AcÕÃ[˝÷Y ÂEıÏ◊≥a_›Ã[˝ a„Ü AcÕÃ[˝÷Y ]ÓÁ◊L‰r—ÙªRÙO L«◊ªRÙOÃ^Á◊ªK˜„_X [˝◊_Ã^Á Â]ÁEıÅ]Á
%ÁÃ[˝C XÁªRÙO„EıÃ[˝ %ÁEıÁÃ[˝ W˝ÁÃ[˝S Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜_*
Eı„ÃÊıLX aÁl˘› AcÕÃ[˝÷Y ◊[˝Ã[˝”à˘ÁªJÙÃ[˝S Eı◊Ã[˝„_C %◊W˝EıÁe`cÕ XªRÙO¤X aÁ„c˜„[˝Ã[˝
Y“‰`¬Ã[˝ %X«E…ı_ =w¯Ã[˝ ◊V„TˆX* cÕc˜Á„VÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó ÊªJÙXÁ ]«F %◊Tˆ %îcÕ ◊ªK˜_* AEı
AEıLX ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ Y◊Ã[˝◊ªJÙTˆ ◊ªK˜„_X* ÂV[˝VÁa EıÃ[˝S ]c˜Á`Ã^ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ◊[˝Ã[˝◊N˛ V…Ã[˝
Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á F«[˝ c˜ÁaÁcÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜„_X, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ %Á]Ã[˝Á TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ◊XEıªRÙO ◊ªJÙÃ[˝EıÁ_ E ıTˆp˚TˆÁÃ[˝
@„S %Á[˝à˘* AcÕ aTˆÓ[˝ÁV› aÁl˘› aÁl˘Ó ◊VÃ^Á◊ªK˜„_X Â^, ^FX Â]◊VX›Y«[Ã ˝ a◊∂ˆÇ_X›Ã[˝
a]Ã^ a«„Ã[˝≥V– [˝Á[˝« TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ªK˜Á‰yÃ[˝ ◊XEı‰ªRÙO mÃ[˝”\ˆ◊N˛ Y“ÁUÔXÁ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜„_X, %Ã[˝◊[˝≥V
[˝Á[˝« TˆFX [˝◊_Ã^Á =◊PˆÃ^Á◊ªK˜„_X ""ÊV–ÁS ◊Eı Eı◊Ã[˝„_X?'' cÕc˜Á £◊XÃ^Á XªRÙO¤X aÁ„c˜„[˝Ã[˝
%ÁG–c˜ C ÂEıÏT…ˆc˜„_Ã[˝ a›]Á ◊ªK˜_ XÁ, ◊Tˆ◊X ◊X∏JÙÃ^ \ˆÁ◊[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜„_X ÊV–ÁS ÂEıÁX
Â[˝Á]ÁÃ[˝ \ˆN˛ [˝Á [Ã ˝ÁLÍX◊TÊı c˜TˆÓÁEıÁ[Ã ˝›, %U[˝Á ]Á◊XEıTˆ_Á [˝ÁGÁX [˝Á Kª ˜Áy \ˆÁâ¯Á„Ã[˝[Ã ˝
a„Ü ae^«N˛* XªRÙO¤X ]„X Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜„_X AcÕ [˝Á„EıÓÃ[˝ %UÔ Â[˝ÁW˝ c˜Ã^ Â^ %Ã[˝◊[˝≥V
ÂHÁb a«„[Ã ˝≥V– [˝Á[˝„« Eı mÃ[˝”\ˆ◊N˛Ã[˝ [˝V„_ Â[˝Á]ÁÃ[˝÷Y Y«[Ã ˝ïıÁ[Ã ˝ ◊V[˝Á[Ã ˝ YÃ[˝Á]`Ô ◊VÃ^Á◊ªK˜„_X,
TˆÁc˜Á c˜cÕ„_ Â]ÁEıÅ]ÁÃ[˝ %„XEı a«◊[˝W˝Á c˜cÕ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝* %TÂ[˝ ◊Tˆ◊X %ÁG–„c˜
◊Lp˚ÁaÁ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜„_X, ""ÊV–ÁS ◊Eı Eı◊Ã[˝„_X?'' Y“U]Tˆf aÁl˘› ◊EıªK«˜„TˆcÕ Y“‰`¬Ã[˝
=„Å`Ó [˝«◊Mı„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝X XÁcÕ* TˆÁc˜Á _cÕÃ^Á YgÁªJÙ ◊]◊XªRÙO ªRÙOÁXÁªRÙOÁ◊X c˜Ã^, Â`„b EıÃ[˝S
]c˜Á`Ã^ V«cÕ c˜ÁTˆ %ÁEıÁ„` ◊X„l˘Y Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á XªRÙO¤X„Eı LÁXÁcÕ„_X, ""ÊV–ÁS %„XEı
%„XEı %Á∏JÙ^ÔÓ EıÁâ¯ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜„_X*'' cÕc˜Á„Tˆ XªRÙO¤X aÁ„c˜[˝ a‹ô«ˆrÙ c˜cÕ„_X XÁ*
ÊV–Á„SÃ[˝ Â[˝Á]ÁÃ[˝ %X«aµ˘ÁX XÁ YÁcÕ„_ a‹ô«ˆ rÙ c˜cÕ„[˝X ÂEıX? %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ ◊Lp˚ÁaÁ
Eı◊Ã[˝„_X, ""%„XEı EıÁâ¯ %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ ◊Eı? ◊[˝„`b ◊Eı Eı◊Ã[˝„_X [˝_«X?'' aÁl˘› cÕc˜ÁÃ[˝
%„XEı =w¯Ã[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„_X, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ AEıªRÙO›„TˆC ÊV–ÁSÁªJÙÁ„^ÔÓÃ[˝ L›[˝X]Ã^ AcÕ mä Ã[˝cãÓ
Â\ˆV c˜Ã^ XÁcÕ* XªRÙO¤X aÁ„c˜[˝ ªJÙ◊ªRÙO„_X, G#¤X %ÁÃ[˝êˆ Eı◊Ã[˝„_X* aÁl˘›C ◊ªJÙdEıÁÃ[˝
%ÁÃ[˝êˆ Eı◊Ã[˝„_X* AEıLX =◊Eı_ c˜Á◊aÃ^Á AcÕ a„≥Vc˜ Y“EıÁ` Eı◊Ã[˝„_X Â^, aÁl˘›
Â[˝ÁW˝ c˜Ã^ LÁ„XX XÁ, ÊV–ÁS ◊Eı Eı◊Ã[˝„_X* EıÃ[˝S ]c˜Á`Ã^ cÕc˜Á„Tˆ Ây‘Á„W˝ %◊\ˆ]Á„X
%ÁmX c˜cÕ„_X* ªJÙ›dEıÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á [˝◊_„_X, ""◊Eı? %Á◊]? %Á◊] LÁ◊X XÁ ÊV–ÁS
◊Eı Eı◊Ã[˝„_X? [˝Áf, %Á◊] ◊Eı %Á„VÓÁYÁ‹ôˆ ]c˜Á\ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ [˝ UÁ Y◊QÕˆÃ^Á◊ªK˜?'' %ÁW˝H∞RÙOÁ
ÊV–ÁSÁªJÙÁ„^ÔÓÃ[˝ ] Tˆ„Vc˜ _cÕÃ^Á EıÃ[˝„S XªRÙO¤„X ]c˜Á^«à˘ ªJÙ◊__* Y“◊Tˆ YgÁªJÙ ◊]◊XªRÙO %‹ôˆÃ[˝
XªRÙO¤X %Á◊_Y«Ã[˝ ◊[˝ªJÙÁÃ[˝Á_Ã^ Eı◊+Tˆ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Y“`¬ ÂHÁbSÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ

_Á◊G„_X, ""Out with it, Mr. Editor! What did Dron do?'' a+ÁVEı
]c˜Á`Ã^ =w¯„Ã[˝ AEı _∂ëˆÁ Ã[˝Á]EıÁ◊c˜X› %ÁÃ[˝êˆ Eı◊Ã[˝„_X, TˆÁc˜Á„Tˆ ÊV–ÁS ◊Eı Eı◊Ã[˝„_X,
TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ◊[˝`üÁa„^ÁGÓ ae[˝ÁV YÁCÃ^Á ÂG_ XÁ* a]ÿôˆ %ÁVÁ_Tˆ c˜Á◊aÃ[˝ ]c˜Á ÂÃ[˝Á„_
Y“◊TˆW[˝◊XTˆ c˜cÕ_* Â`„b ◊ªRÙO◊Zı„XÃ[˝ a]„Ã^ EıÃ[˝S ]c˜Á`Ã^ ]ÁUÁ PˆÁâ¯Á Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á AEıªR«ÙO
\ˆÁ◊[˝Ã^Á ◊ªJÙ◊‹ôˆÃ^Á ◊Zı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á %Á◊a„_X A[˝e a]aÓÁÃ[˝ AcÕ ]›]ÁeaÁ LÁXÁcÕ„_X Â^,
Â[˝ªJÙÁÃ[˝Á ÊV–ÁS ◊EıªK«˜cÕ Eı„Ã[˝X XÁcÕ, [˝ UÁcÕ %ÁW˝ H∞RÙOÁEıÁ_ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ YÃ[˝„_ÁEıGTˆ %Á±¡Á
_cÕÃ^Á ªRÙOÁXÁªRÙOÁ◊X c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜, %#«¤XcÕ mÃ[˝” ÊV–ÁS„Eı [˝W˝ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜„_X* %#«¤„XÃ[˝
AcÕ ◊]UÓÁ %Y[˝Á„V ÊV–ÁSÁªJÙÁ^ÔÓ %[˝ÓÁc˜◊Tˆ YÁcÕÃ^Á ÈEı_Á„a aVÁ◊`[˝„Eı W˝XÓ[˝ÁV
◊VÃ^Á◊ªK˜„_X Â^, EıÃ[˝S ]c˜Á`„Ã^Ã[˝ aÁ„l˘Ó %Á◊_Y«Ã[˝ Â[˝Á]ÁÃ[˝ Â]ÁEıÅ]ÁÃ^ TgˆÁc˜Á„Eı
EıÁPˆGQÕˆÁÃ^ VÒÁQÕˆÁcÕ„Tˆ c˜cÕ_ XÁ* a+ÁVEı ]c˜Á`„Ã^Ã[˝ AEı EıUÁÃ^ ac˜„L %Ã[˝◊[˝≥V
ÂHÁ„bÃ[˝ a„Ü TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ a∂ëˆµ˘ aY“]ÁS c˜cÕTˆ* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ %Á£„TˆÁb aVÁ◊`[˝ TgˆÁc˜Á„Eı Ã[˝l˘Á
Eı◊Ã[˝„_X*
^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á aÁl˘Ó ◊V„Tˆ %Á◊aÃ^Á◊ªK˜„_X, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á ◊TˆX Ê`“S›„Tˆ ◊[˝\ˆN˛ c˜cÕ„Tˆ
YÁ„Ã[˝X* Y«◊_a C ÂGÁ„Ã^≥VÁ, Y«◊_„aÃ[˝ ÊY“„] %Á[˝à˘ ◊X∂oˆ‰`“S›Ã[˝ Â_ÁEı C \ˆV„– _ÁEı
A[˝e ÿëˆ„VÁ„b Y«◊_„aÃ[˝ ÊY“„] [˝◊á˚Tˆ, %◊X¨K˜ÁÃ^ %ÁGTˆ aÁl˘›ªJÙÃ^* Y“„TˆÓEı Ê`“S›Ã[˝
aÁl˘Ó ◊V[˝Á[Ã ˝ Y“UÁ ÿëˆTˆ‹ˆó ◊ªK˜_* Y«◊_a ]„c˜ÁVÃ^GS Y“Zı« {\ˆÁ„[˝ %∂⁄ˆÁX[˝V„X TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝
Y…[[˝pÔ ˚ÁTˆ [˝N˛[˝Ó ]„XÃ[˝ ]Tˆ [˝◊_Ã^Á ^Ác˜„O TˆX, ^Ác˜Á„Eı ◊ªJÙ◊X„Tˆ c˜^Ã , ◊ªJÙ◊XÃ^Á _c˜‰O TˆX,
ÂEıÁXC a„≥Vc˜ XÁc˜,O ◊•W˝Á XÁc˜,O \«ˆ_Jª Ù« Eı XÁc˜*O Y«◊_„aÃ[˝ [˝µ˘« aEı_ %◊Tˆ`^Ã %ÁG–„c˜[Ã ˝
a◊c˜Tˆ aÁl˘Ó ◊V„TˆX, ^Ác˜Á„Eı ◊ªJÙ◊X„Tˆ c˜Ã^, TˆÁc˜Á„EıC ◊ªJÙ◊XÃ^Á _cÕ„TˆX, ^Ác˜Á„Eı
◊ªJÙ◊X„Tˆ c˜Ã^ XÁ, TˆÁc˜Á„EıC %„XEı[˝ÁÃ[˝ %◊Tˆ]Áy %ÁG–„c˜Ã[˝ ÊªJÙÁ‰ªRÙO ◊ªJÙ◊XÃ^Á _cÕ„TˆX*
%◊X¨K˜ÁÃ^ %ÁGTˆ ^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á ^Ác˜Á LÁ◊X„TˆX, TˆÁc˜Á [˝◊_„TˆX, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ TˆÁc˜Á
%◊Tˆ %î c˜cÕTˆ; XªRÙO¤X aÁ„c˜[˝ TˆÁc˜Á„Tˆ %a‹ô«ˆrÙ c˜cÕÃ^Á aÁl˘›Ã[˝ ÂY‰ªRÙO %„`b
]…_Ó[˝ÁX C a„≥Vc˜XÁÈı Y“]ÁS %Á‰ªK˜ \ˆÁ◊[˝Ã^Á ÂLÃ[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÂLÁ„Ã[˝ ÂYªRÙO ◊ªJÙ◊Ã[˝Ã^Á TˆÁc˜Á
[˝Á◊c˜Ã[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ ◊[˝ÿôˆÃ[˝ ÊªJÙrÙÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„TˆX* cÕc˜Á„Tˆ aÁl˘›GS ]c˜Á ◊[˝Y„V Y◊QÕˆ„TˆX*
AEı ◊V„Eı XªRÙO¤X aÁ„c˜„[˝Ã[˝ G#¤X C [˝Á◊_Ô aÁ„c˜„[˝Ã[˝ %ÁÃ[˝N˛ ªJÙl«˘, %YÃ[˝ ◊V„Eı
◊]UÓÁ aÁ„l˘Ó ÂV`[˝Áa›„Eı •›YÁ‹ôˆ„Ã[˝ YÁPˆÁcÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ ]c˜ÁYÁY* XªRÙO¤X C [˝Á◊_Ô„Eı a‹ô«ˆrÙ
Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝X, XÁ \ˆG[˝ÁX„Eı a‹ô«ˆrÙ Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝X, aÁl˘›Ã[˝ Y„l˘ AcÕ Y“`¬ mÃ[˝”TˆÃ[˝ c˜cÕÃ^Á
=◊PˆTˆ* AEı◊V„Eı ]ÁX«„bÃ[˝ Ây‘Á„W˝ l˘SÿöˆÁÃ^› ◊[˝YV, %YÃ[˝ ◊V„Eı YÁ„YÃ[˝ `Á◊ÿôˆ
XÃ[˝Eı C YÃ[˝L„XΩ V«fF* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ◊Tˆ◊X \ˆÁ◊[˝„TˆX, XÃ[˝Eı C YÃ[˝LXΩ AFXC V…Ã[˝[˝w¯fi
%UªJÙ ]X«bÓE ıTˆ ◊[˝YV YÃ[˝]«c…˜„wÔ¯ G–Áa Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝* Eı„[˝ ◊]UÓÁ aÁl˘Ó ◊V„Tˆ
XÁÃ[˝ÁL c˜CÃ^ÁÃ^ ◊]UÓÁ aÁl˘Ó ◊V[˝ÁÃ[˝ %YÃ[˝Á„W˝ W˝ Tˆ c˜cÕ„[˝X, ÂacÕ \ˆÃ^ %„X„EıÃ[˝
]„X ◊[˝VÓ]ÁX UÁ◊Eı[˝ÁÃ[˝ EıUÁ, EıÁÃ[˝S AcÕÃ[˝÷Y ÿöˆ„_ AcÕÃ[˝÷Y Y◊Ã[˝SÁ„]Ã[˝ V rÙÁ‹ôˆ
◊[˝Ã[˝_ X„c˜* %TÂ[˝ AcÕ Ê`“S›Ã[˝ aÁl˘›Ã[˝ Y„l˘ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á ^Tˆl˘S aÁl˘›Ã[˝ EıÁPˆGQÕˆÁÃ^
%◊Tˆ[˝Á◊c˜Tˆ Eı◊Ã[˝„TˆX, TˆTˆl˘S ◊[˝_l˘S \ˆ›◊Tˆ C ^‹óˆSÁÃ[˝ a]Ã^ c˜cÕTˆ* ÂLÃ[˝Á Â`b
c˜c˜„O _ %à˘◊¤ XGÔTˆ Y“ÁS %Á[˝Á[Ã ˝ W˝‰QÕˆ ◊Zı◊[Ã ˝^Ã Á %Á◊aÃ^Á TgˆÁc˜Á◊VG„Eı ^‹óˆSÁ]«N˛ Eı◊[Ã ˝Tˆ*
Eı„ÃÊıLX aÁc˜„aÃ[˝ a◊c˜Tˆ aÁl˘Ó ◊VÃ^Á XªRÙO¤„XÃ[˝ G#¤„XÃ[˝ }÷„l˘Y Eı„Ã[˝X XÁcÕ,
cÕeÃ[˝ÁL ÂEıÏ◊≥a_›C TˆÁc˜Á ÂV◊FÃ^Á LÁTˆ›Ã^ Y“UÁ %X«aÃ[˝S Y…[[˝ÔEı XÃ[˝] c˜cÕÃ^Á
Y◊QÕˆ„TˆX* AcÕÃ[˝÷Y EıTˆ aÁl˘› %Á◊aÃ^Á EıTˆ Y“EıÁÃ[˝ aÁl˘Ó ◊VÃ^Á ÂG„_X, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ
AEıLXC Y«◊_„aÃ[˝ =‰{F„^ÁGÓ ÂEıÁX a«◊[˝W˝Á Eı„[Ã ˝X XÁc˜*O AEıLX &rÙ [˝◊_„_X,
%Á◊] ◊EıªK«˜cÕ LÁ◊X XÁ, ÂEıX Y«◊_a %Á]Á„Eı ªRÙOÁ◊XÃ^Á %Á◊XÃ^Á‰ªK˜X, TˆÁc˜Á [˝«◊Mı XÁ!
AcÕÃ[˝÷Y Â]ÁEıÅ]Á Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ Y“UÁ Â[˝ÁW˝ c˜Ã^, \ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆcÕ c˜cÕ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝, %XÓ ÂV`
c˜cÕ„_ LL cÕc˜Á„Tˆ ªJÙ◊ªRÙOÃ^Á =◊Pˆ„TˆX C Y«◊_a„Eı Tˆ›[˝– GtXÁÃ[˝ a◊c˜Tˆ ◊`l˘Á
◊V„TˆX* ◊[˝XÁ %X«aµ˘Á„X ÂVÁb› C ◊X„Å¤Áb› ◊X◊[[˝ÔªJÙÁ„Ã[˝ EıÁPˆGQÕˆÁÃ^ VÒÁQÕˆ EıÃ[˝ÁcÕÃ^Á
%Á≥VÁ„L `Tˆ `Tˆ aÁl˘› %Á◊XÃ^Á ÂV„`Ã[˝ Rª ÙÁO EıÁ XrÙ Eı[Ã ˝Á A[˝e ◊XÃ[˝UEÔ ı %ÁaÁ]›◊VG„Eı
EıÁÃ[˝Á^‹óˆSÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó V›HÔEıÁ_ Ã[˝ÁFÁ, AcÕ ÂV„`Ã[˝cÕ Y«◊_„aÃ[˝ Y„l˘ Â`Á\ˆÁ YÁÃ^*
◊Eı‹ô«ˆ Â[˝ªJÙÁÃ[˝Á Y«◊_a ◊Eı Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝? TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á XÁ„] ÂGÁ„Ã^≥VÁ ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ÂacÕÃ[˝÷Y l˘]TˆÁ
^FX TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ XÁcÕ, TˆFX AcÕÃ[˝÷„Y aÁl˘›Ã[˝ LXÓ ◊[˝`Á_ LÁ_ ÂZı◊_Ã^Á =w¯]
]W˝Ó] %W˝] aÁl˘› Â^ÁGÁQÕˆ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á %Á≥VÁ„L EıÁPˆGQÕˆÁÃ^ =Y◊ÿöˆTˆ EıÃ[˝ÁcÕ AEı]Áy
=YÁÃ^* ÂEı LÁ„X, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á ◊EıªK«˜ LÁ◊X„TˆC YÁ„Ã[˝, ◊EıªK«˜ Y“]ÁS ◊V„TˆC YÁ„Ã[˝*
%ÁaÁ]› ◊ªJÙ◊X[˝ÁÃ[˝ [˝Ó[˝ÿöˆÁC %◊Tˆ Ã[˝cãÓ]Ã^ ◊ªK˜_* Y“U]Tˆf, aÁl˘›„Eı [˝_Á
c˜cÕTˆ, T«ˆ◊] ◊Eı cÕc˜Á„VÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó EıÁc˜Á„EıC ◊ªJÙ◊X„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝„[˝? aÁl˘› ^◊V [˝◊_„TˆX,
cg˜ÓÁ, ◊ªJÙ◊X„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝, Tˆdl˘SÁd XªRÙO¤X aÁ„c˜[˝ c˜„bÔÁdZ«ı{ c˜cÕÃ^Á EıÁPˆGQÕˆÁÃ^ identi-
fication parade-AÃ[˝ [˝Ó[˝ÿöˆÁ EıÃ[˝ÁcÕÃ^Á TgˆÁc˜Á„Eı ÂacÕFÁ„X TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ÿˆÇÃ[˝S`◊N˛
ªJÙ◊Ã[˝TˆÁUÔ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ %Á„V` ◊V„TˆX* ^◊V ◊Tˆ◊X [˝◊_„TˆX, LÁ◊X XÁ, c˜Ã^Tˆ ◊ªJÙ◊X„TˆC
YÁ◊Ã[˝, ◊Tˆ◊X AEıªR«ÙO ◊[˝]bÔ c˜cÕÃ^Á [˝◊_„TˆX, %Á¨K˜Á ^ÁC, ÊªJÙrÙÁ EıÃ[˝* ^◊V ÂEıc˜
[˝◊_„TˆX, XÁ, YÁ◊Ã[˝[˝ XÁ, TˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ ÂV◊F XÁcÕ %U[˝Á _l˘Ó Eı◊Ã[˝ XÁcÕ; TÛÁ◊Y
XªRÙO¤X aÁ„c˜[˝ TgˆÁc˜Á„Eı ªK˜Á◊QÕˆ„TˆX XÁ* ^◊V ATˆm◊_ ]«F ÂV◊FÃ^Á Y…[[˝ÔL„XΩÃ[˝ ÂEıÁXC
ÿˆÇ ◊Tˆ LÁG–Tˆ c˜Ã^, ÂacÕ LXÓ TgˆÁc˜Á„Eı YÃ[˝›l˘Á Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁPˆÁcÕ„TˆX* aÁl˘›Ã[˝ ÂTˆ]X
Â^ÁG`◊N˛ ◊ªK˜_ XÁ* c˜Ã^ Tˆ Y…[[˝ÔLXΩ[˝Á„V %ÁÿöˆÁC XÁcÕ, ◊Tˆ◊X %ÁaÁ]›„VÃ[˝ V›HÔ
V«cÕ Ê`“S›Ã[˝ %Á◊V c˜cÕ„Tˆ %‹ôˆ Y^ÔÓ‹ôˆ aÁ„#¤‰∞RÙOÃ[˝ ÂXT ˆ„±ºˆÃ[˝ %W˝›„X Gêˆ›Ã[˝ \ˆÁ„[˝
E«ıªJÙ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ]«„FÃ[˝ ◊V„Eı XÁ ªJÙÁ◊c˜Ã^ÁC ]ÁUÁ XÁ◊QÕˆÃ^Á [˝◊_„TˆX, XÁ, ◊ªJÙ◊X
XÁ* XªRÙO¤X ◊XÃ[˝Á` c˜÷V„Ã^ AcÕ ]daÓ`…XÓ L›[˝‹ôˆ LÁ_ ◊ZıÃ[˝ÁcÕÃ^Á _cÕ„TˆX* AcÕ
Â]ÁEıÅ]ÁÃ^ ]X«„bÓÃ[˝ ÿˆÇÃ[˝S`◊N˛ EıTˆV…Ã[˝ Y“FÃ[˝ C %}Á‹ôˆ c˜cÕ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝
%Y…[[˝Ô Y“]ÁS YÁCÃ^Á ÂG_* ◊≈y` ªJÙ◊{` LX VÒÁQÕˆÁcÕÃ^Á %Á‰ªK˜X, ªTgˆÁÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ XÁ]
LÁXÁ XÁcÕ, TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ a◊c˜Tˆ ÂEıÁX L„XΩ AEı[˝ÁÃ[˝C %Á_ÁY c˜Ã^ XÁcÕ, %UªJÙ
V«cÕ]Áa Y…„[[˝Ô EıÁc˜Á„Eı ÂV◊FÃ^Á◊ªK˜, EıÁc˜Á„Eı ÂV◊F XÁcÕ, %]«Eı„Eı %]«Eı ◊TˆX ÿöˆÁ„X
ÂV◊FÃ^Á◊ªK˜, %]«Eı V«cÕÿöˆÁ„X ÂV◊F XÁcÕ; --- =c˜Á„Eı VÒÁTˆ ]Á◊L„Tˆ AEı[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÂV◊FÃ^Á◊ªK˜
%TÂ[˝ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ÊªJÙc˜ÁÃ[˝Á %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ]„X LXΩ-LXΩÁ‹ôˆÃ[˝ ]Tˆ %◊·¯Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á Ã[˝◊c˜_*
cÕc˜Á„Eı Eı„[˝ ÂV◊F_Á] ◊Eı Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ◊ªK˜„_X, ÂEı a„Ü ◊ªK˜„_X, XÁ AEıÁEı› ◊ªK˜„_X,
◊EıªK«˜cÕ ]„X XÁcÕ, %UªJÙ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝C ÊªJÙc˜ÁÃ[˝Á %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ]„X LXΩ-LXΩÁ‹ôˆ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ LXÓ
%◊·¯Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á Ã[˝◊c˜_; c˜◊Ã[˝„Eı V`[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÂV◊FÃ^Á◊ªK˜ a«TˆÃ[˝Áe TgˆÁc˜Á„Eı \«ˆ◊_[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÂEıÁX
aêˆÁ[˝XÁ XÁc˜,O `ÓÁ]„Eı AEı[˝Á[Ã ˝ Â]Á‰ªRÙO %ÁW˝ ◊]◊X‰ªRÙ[ÃO ˝ LXÓ ÂV◊F_Á], ◊Eı‹ˆ«ô TˆÁc˜Á„EıC
]Ã[˝„SÃ[˝ %◊‹ôˆ] ◊VX Y^ÔÓ‹ôˆ \«ˆ◊_„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝[˝ XÁ, ÂEıÁX \«ˆ_ c˜cÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ aêˆÁ[˝XÁ XÁcÕ,
--- AcÕÃ[˝÷Y ÿˆÇÃ[˝S`◊N˛ AcÕ %a+…SÔ ]ÁX[˝ Y“E ı◊Tˆ„Tˆ, AcÕ Tˆ]Á◊\ˆ\…ˆTˆ ]wÔ¯ÓW˝Á„]
aªJÙÃ[˝ÁªJÙÃ[˝ ÂVFÁ ^ÁÃ^ XÁ* %UªJÙ AEıL„XÃ[˝ X„c˜, V«cÕ L„XÃ[˝ X„c˜, Y“„TˆÓEı Y«◊_a
Y«Ü„[˝Ã[˝ AcÕÃ[˝÷Y ◊[˝◊ªJÙy ◊X\«ˆ¤_ %}Á‹ôˆ ÿˆÇÃ[˝S`◊N˛ ÂVFÁ ÂG_* ATˆÅùÁÃ[˝Á a›,
%ÁcÕ, Qˆ›,-Ã[˝ =YÃ[˝ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ \ˆ◊N˛ `“à˘Á ◊VX ◊VX Y“GÁªRÕÙ c˜cÕ„Tˆ _Á◊G_* V«f„FÃ[˝
EıUÁ, Âa`≥a ÂEıÁ‰ªRÙO¤ AcÕ \ˆ◊N˛ Eı]ÁcÕ„Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜_* ]ÓÁ◊L‰r—Ù‰ªRÙOÃ[˝ ÂEıÁ‰ªRÙO¤ Â^ V«cÕ
AEı[˝ÁÃ[˝ a„≥Vc˜ c˜Ã^ XÁcÕ, TˆÁc˜ÁC XÃ^* ^FX Â_FÁ aÁ„l˘Ó ÂV◊F_Á] Â^, ◊`◊`Ã[˝
ÂHÁb A◊Y“_ ]Á„a Â[˝Á∂ëˆÁcÕ„Tˆ ◊ªK˜„_X %UªJÙ Eı„ÃÊıLX Y«◊_a Y«Ü[˝ ◊PÊı ÂacÕ
a]„Ã^ TgˆÁc˜Á„Eı ïıªRÙOaÀ Â_„X C c˜ÓÁ◊Ã[˝aX ÂÃ[˝Á‰Qˆ ÂV◊FÃ^Á◊ªK˜„_X, TˆFX AEıªR«ÙO a„≥Vc˜
c˜cÕ_ [˝‰ªRÙO* ^FX `“›c˜vÙ[˝Áa› [˝›„Ã[˝≥V–ªJÙ≥V– ÂaX ÿöˆ…_ `Ã[˝›„Ã[˝ [˝Á◊XÃ^ÁªJÙ„Ü ◊YT ˆ\ˆ[˝„X
UÁ◊EıÃ^ÁC [˝ÁGÁ„X C ïıªRÙOaÀ Â_„X --- Â^ ïıªRÙOaÀ Â_„XÃ[˝ ◊PÊıÁXÁ [˝›„Ã[˝≥V– LÁ◊X„TˆX
XÁ, cÕc˜ÁÃ[˝ %EıÁªRÙOÓ Y“]ÁS Â_FÁ aÁ„l˘Ó YÁCÃ^Á ÂG_ --- TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ a…©ø `Ã[˝›Ã[˝ a›,
%ÁcÕ, Qˆ›,-AÃ[˝ a…©ø V ◊rÙ„GÁªJÙÃ[˝ c˜cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜_, TˆFX %ÁÃ[˝C a„≥Vc˜ c˜cÕ_* ◊[˝„`bTˆf
^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á ïıªRÙOaÀ Â_„X EıFXC YVÁYÔS Eı„Ã[˝X XÁcÕ, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á ^FX £◊X„_X Â^
ÂaFÁ„X Y«◊_a TgˆÁc˜Á◊VG„Eı %„XEı[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÂV◊FÃ^Á‰ªK˜X, TˆFX AEıªR«ÙO a„≥V„c˜Ã[˝ =‰V–Eı
c˜CÃ^Á ◊XTˆÁ‹ôˆ %ÿëˆÁ\ˆÁ◊[˝Eı X„c˜* AEıLX Â]◊VX›Y«„Ã[˝Ã[˝ aÁl˘› [˝◊_„_X Â^ ◊Tˆ◊X
--- Â]◊VX›Y«„Ã[˝Ã[˝ %ÁaÁ]›Ã[˝Á [˝◊_„_X Â^ ◊Tˆ◊XcÕ ÂGÁ„Ã^≥VÁ --- `“›c˜‰vÙÃ[˝ Âc˜]ªJÙ≥V–

ÂaX„Eı Tˆ]_«„Eı [˝N ˛TˆÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ ÂV◊FÃ^Á◊ªK˜„_X* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ Âc˜]ªJÙ≥V– ÿöˆ…_ªJÙ„l˘ EıFX
Tˆ]_«Eı ÂV„FX XÁcÕ, %UªJÙ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ªK˜ÁÃ^Á]Ã^ `Ã[˝›Ã[˝ V…Ã[˝ `“›c˜vÙ c˜cÕ„Tˆ Tˆ]_«„Eı
Kª ˜« ◊Rª Ù^ÃO Á ÂTˆLÿëˆ› C [Ã ˝ÁL‰V–Ác˜YS… Ô ÿëˆ„V`› [˝N˛ TˆÁ Eı◊Ã[˝^Ã Á ÂGÁ„Ã^≥VÁ ]c˜Á`„Ã^[Ã ˝ Jª Ùl˘« Tˆ ◊ä
A[˝e EıSÔT ˆ◊ä a+ÁVX Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜_* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ªJÙ≥VXXG„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ªJÙÁÃ[˝”ªJÙ≥V– Ã[˝Á„Ã^Ã[˝ ªK˜ÁÃ^Á]Ã^
`Ã[˝›Ã[˝ ]Á◊SEıTˆ_ÁÃ^ =Y◊ÿöˆTˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á %ÁÃ[˝C Ã[˝cãÓ]Ã^ EıÁâ¯ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜_* V«cÕ LX
Y«◊_a Eı∂ˆÇÔªJÙÁÃ[˝› `YU Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á [˝◊_„_X Â^, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á %]«Eı ◊V„X %]«Eı a]„Ã^
ªJÙÁÃ[˝” [˝Á[˝«„Eı `ÓÁ][˝ÁLÁ„Ã[˝ ÂV◊FÃ^Á◊ªK˜„_X, ◊Tˆ◊X `ÓÁ][˝ÁLÁÃ[˝ c˜cÕ„Tˆ AEıLX ]«FÓ
bQÕˆ^‹óÊıÁÃ[˝›Ã[˝ a◊c˜Tˆ ]Á◊SEıTˆ_Á [˝ÁGÁ„X cg˜Á≈◊ªRÙOÃ^Á ◊GÃ^Á◊ªK˜„_X, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ÁC ÂacÕ
Y^ÔÓ‹ôˆ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ %X«aÃ[˝S Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜„_X, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á %◊Tˆ ◊XEıªRÙO c˜cÕ„Tˆ ÂV◊FÃ^Á _l˘Ó
Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜„_X; \«ˆ_ c˜cÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ EıUÁ XÁcÕ* =◊Eı„_Ã[˝ ÂLÃ[˝ÁÃ^ aÁl˘›•Ã^ ªRÙO„_X XÁcÕ*
[˝ÓÁaaÓ [˝ªJÙXe aTˆÓe, Y«◊_„aÃ[˝ aÁl˘ÓC %XÓÃ[˝÷Y c˜cÕ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ XÁ* ◊VX C a]Ã^
a∂ëˆ„µ˘C TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ \«ˆ_ c˜cÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ EıUÁ X„c˜, EıÁÃ[˝S ◊PÊı ÂacÕ ◊V„X ÂacÕ a]„Ã^
ªJÙÁÃ[˝” [˝Á[˝« Eı„_L c˜cÕ„Tˆ ªK«˜◊ªRÙO _cÕÃ^Á Eı◊_EıÁTˆÁÃ^ =Y◊ÿöˆTˆ ◊ªK˜„_X, ªJÙ≥VXXG„Ã[˝Ã[˝
Q«ˆ‰Y¿ Eı„_„LÃ[˝ %W˝Ó„l˘Ã[˝ aÁ„l˘Ó cÕc˜Á Y“]Á◊STˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜_* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ %Á∏JÙ„^ÔÓÃ[˝ EıUÁ,
◊PÊı ÂacÕ ◊V„X ÂacÕ a]„Ã^ ªJÙÁÃ[˝” [˝Á[˝« c˜ÁCQÕˆÁ ÊrÙ`„XÃ[˝ Y¿ÁªRÙOZıÃ[˝„] ªJÙ≥VXXG„Ã[˝Ã[˝
Â]Ã^Ã[˝ TˆÁ◊V¤\ˆÁ_, TˆÁ◊V¤\ˆÁ„_Ã[˝ ÿóˆ›, ªJÙ≥VXXG„Ã[˝Ã[˝ G[˝SÔÃ[˝ C %XÓÁXÓ a§Á‹ôˆ Ã^«„Ã[˝ÁY›Ã^
\ˆV–„_Á„EıÃ[˝ a◊c˜Tˆ EıUÁ Eı◊c˜„Tˆ Eı◊c˜„Tˆ YÁÃ^ªJÙÁ◊Ã[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ◊ªK˜„_X* cÕc˜ÁÃ[˝Á aEı„_
ÂacÕ EıUÁ ÿˆÇÃ[˝S Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ªJÙÁÃ[˝” [˝Á[˝«Ã[˝ Y„l˘ aÁl˘Ó ◊V„Tˆ a∂ˆÇTˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜„_X* ÊZ–ıá˚
G[˝SÔ„]‰∞RÙOÃ[˝ ÊªJÙrÙÁÃ^ Y«◊_a ªJÙÁÃ[˝”[˝Á[˝«„Eı ]«◊N˛ ÂVCÃ^ÁÃ^ ◊[˝ªJÙÁÃ[˝Á_„Ã^ AcÕ Ã[˝cãÓ
=VÀHÁªRÙOX c˜Ã^ XÁcÕ* ªJÙÁÃ[˝” [˝Á[˝«„Eı AcÕ YÃ[˝Á]`Ô Y“VÁX Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ◊ªK˜ Â^ ◊Tˆ◊X AcÕ Y“]ÁS
aEı_ Psychical Research Society-Ã[˝ ◊XEıªRÙO YÁPˆÁcÕÃ^Á ]X«bÓLÁ◊TˆÃ[˝
p˚ÁXaá˚„Ã^[Ã ˝ aÁc˜Á^Ó EıÃ[˝”X* Y«◊_„aÃ[˝ aÁl˘Ó ◊]UÓÁ c˜c˜„O Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ XÁ, --- ◊[˝„`bTˆf
a›, %ÁcÕ, Qˆ›-Ã[˝ --- %TÂ[˝ ◊UÃâ◊ZıÃ[˝ %Á`“Ã^ ◊\ˆ~ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ %ÁÃ[˝ =YÁÃ^ XÁcÕ*
Â]Á‰ªRÙOÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ [˝ ◊ªRÙO` %ÁcÕX Y“SÁ_›„Tˆ EıTˆ ac˜„L ◊X„Å¤Áb›Ã[˝ EıÁÃ[˝ÁVâ¯, EıÁ_ÁYÁ◊X
C ZgıÁ≈◊a Y^ÔÓ‹ôˆ c˜cÕ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ V rÙÁ‹ôˆ AcÕ Â]ÁEıÅ]ÁÃ^ Y„V Y„V YÁcÕ_Á]*
◊X„L EıÁPˆGQÕˆÁÃ^ XÁ VÒÁQÕˆÁcÕ„_ YÁ∏JÙÁTˆÓ ◊[˝ªJÙÁÃ[˝Y“SÁ_›Ã[˝ ]ÁÃ^Á[˝› %aTˆÓTˆÁ c˜÷VÃ^Ü]
EıÃ[˝Á ^ÁÃ^ XÁ* Ã^«„Ã[˝Á„YÃ[˝ AcÕ Y“SÁ_› L«Ã^Á„F_Á ◊[˝„`b; cÕc˜Á ]ÁX«„bÃ[˝ ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁ,
]ÁX«„bÃ[˝ a«F-V«fF, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ C TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Y◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ C %Á±¡›Ã^-[˝µ«˘Ã[˝ L›[˝X[˝ÓÁY›
^‹óˆSÁ, %Y]ÁX, L›[˝‹ôˆ ] T«ˆÓ _cÕÃ^Á L«Ã^Á„F_Á* cÕc˜Á„Tˆ EıTˆ ÂVÁb› [˝gÁ‰ªJÙ, EıTˆ
◊X„Å¤Áb› ]„Ã[˝, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ cÕÃ^w¯Á XÁcÕ* Ã^«„Ã[˝Á„Y ÂEıX Socialism C Anarchism-

AÃ[˝ ATˆ Y“ªJÙÁÃ[˝ C Y“\ˆÁ[˝ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜, AcÕ L«Ã^Á„F_ÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó AEı[˝ÁÃ[˝ %Á◊a„_,
AcÕ ◊Xú«ˆÃ[˝ ◊X◊[[˝ÔªJÙÁÃ[˝ a]ÁLÃ[˝l˘Eı ÂYbS^„‹óˆÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó AEı[˝ÁÃ[˝ Y◊QÕˆ„_ TˆÁc˜Á Y“U]
Â[˝ÁW˝G]Ó c˜Ã^* A]Tˆ %[˝ÿöˆÁÃ^ cÕc˜Á %Á∏JÙ„^ÔÓÃ[˝ EıUÁ X„c˜, Â^ %„XEı =VÁÃ[˝‰ªJÙTˆÁ
VÃ^Á_« Â_ÁEı [˝◊_„Tˆ %ÁÃ[˝êˆ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X, AcÕ a]ÁL \ˆÁ◊ÜÃ^Á VÁC, ªJ«ÙÃ[˝]ÁÃ[˝ EıÃ[˝;
ATˆ YÁY, ATˆ V«fF, ATˆ ◊X„Å¤Áb›Ã[˝ Tˆä ◊Xf`üÁ„a C c˜÷V„Ã^Ã[˝ Â`Á◊S„Tˆ ^◊V
a]ÁL Ã[˝l˘Á Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ c˜Ã^, TˆÁc˜Á c˜cÕ„_ TˆÁc˜Á Ã[˝l˘Á EıÃ[˝Á ◊XπY“„Ã^ÁLX*
]ÓÁ◊L‰r—Ù‰ªRÙOÃ[˝ ÂEıÁ‰ªRÙO¤ AEı]Áy ◊[˝„`b =‰{F„^ÁGÓ HªRÙOXÁ X„Ã[˝≥V–XÁU ÂGÁÿëˆÁ]›Ã[˝
aÁl˘Ó* ÂacÕ HªRÙOXÁ [˝SÔXÁ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ Y…„[[˝Ô %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ◊[˝Y„VÃ[˝ aÜ› [˝Á_Eı %ÁaÁ]›„VÃ[˝
EıUÁ [˝◊_* ÂEıÁ‰ªRÙO¤ cÕc˜Á„VÃ[˝ %ÁªJÙÃ[˝S ÂV◊FÃ^Á Â[˝` [˝«◊Mı„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜_Á] Â^ [˝„Ü
X…TˆX ^«G %Á◊aÃ^Á‰ªK˜, X…TˆX a‹ôˆ◊Tˆ ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ ÂEıÁ„_ [˝Áa Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ %ÁÃ[˝êˆ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜*
ÂaEıÁ„_Ã[˝ [˝ÁÜÁ_›Ã[˝ ÊªK˜„_ V«cÕ Y“EıÁÃ[˝ ◊ªK˜_, c˜Ã^ `Á‹ôˆ, ◊`rÙ, ◊XÃ[˝›c˜, a¨JÙ◊Ã[˝y,
\ˆ›Ã[˝”, %Á±¡a∂ˆÇÁX C =¨JÙÁEıÁIl˘Á `…XÓ, XÃ^Tˆ V«∏JÙ◊Ã[˝y, V«Å¤Á‹ôˆ, %◊ÿöˆÃ[˝, PˆG,
ae^] C aTˆTˆÁ`…XÓ! AcÕ V«cÕ ªJÙÃ[˝]Á[˝ÿöˆÁÃ[˝ ]W˝Óÿöˆ„_ XÁXÁÃ[˝÷Y L›[˝ [˝ÜLXX›Ã[˝
Ây‘Á‰QÕˆ LXΩG–c˜S Eı◊Ã[˝^Ã Á◊ªK˜„_X, ◊Eı‹ôˆ« %ÁªRÙO V`LX %aÁW˝Á[Ã ˝S Y“◊Tˆ\ˆÁ[˝ÁX `◊N˛]ÁX
\ˆ◊[˝bÓdEıÁ„_Ã[˝ YUY“V`ÔEı ◊\ˆ~ AcÕ V«cÕ Ê`“S›Ã[˝ %Tˆ›Tˆ ÂTˆLÿëˆ› %Á^ÔÓa‹ôˆÁX
Y“ÁÃ^cÕ ÂVFÁ ^ÁcÕTˆ XÁ* [˝ÁÜÁ_›Ã[˝ [˝«◊à˘ ◊ªK˜_, Â]W˝Á`◊N˛ ◊ªK˜_, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ `◊N˛ C
]X«bÓ±ºˆ ◊ªK˜_ XÁ* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ AcÕ [˝Á_EıGS„Eı ÂV◊FÃ^ÁcÕ Â[˝ÁW˝ c˜cÕTˆ Â^X %XÓ EıÁ„_Ã[˝
%XÓ ◊`l˘ÁY“Áä =VÁÃ[˝‰ªJÙTˆÁ V«Å¤Á‹ôˆ ÂTˆLÿëˆ› Y«Ã[˝”b aEı_ %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ[˝„bÔ ◊Zı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á
%Á◊aÃ^Á‰ªK˜X* ÂacÕ ◊X\ˆfiEı, aÃ[˝_ ªJÙÁc˜◊X, ÂacÕ ÂTˆLY…SÔ EıUÁ, ÂacÕ \ˆÁ[˝XÁ`…XÓ
%ÁX≥V]Ã^ c˜ÁaÓ, AcÕ ÂHÁÃ[˝ ◊[˝Y„VÃ[˝ a]„Ã^ ÂacÕ %l«˘| ÂTˆL◊ÿëˆTˆÁ, ]„XÃ[˝ Y“a~TˆÁ,
◊[˝]bÔTˆÁ \ˆÁ[˝XÁ [˝Á a‹ôˆÁ„YÃ[˝ %\ˆÁ[˝ ÂaEıÁ„_Ã[˝ Tˆ]f◊zırÙ \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ[˝Áa›Ã[˝ X„c˜, X…TˆX
^«„GÃ[˝ X…TˆX LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝, X…TˆX Eı∂ˆÇÔ‰ÿÉˆÁ„TˆÃ[˝ _l˘S* cÕc˜ÁÃ[˝Á ^◊V c˜TˆÓÁEıÁÃ[˝› c˜X, Tˆ„[˝
[˝◊_„Tˆ c˜^Ã Â^, c˜TˆÓÁÃ[˝ [Ã ˝N˛]Ã^ Kª ˜Á^Ã Á TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ ÿëˆ\ˆÁ„[˝ Y‰QÕˆ XÁc˜,O y…‘[Ã ˝TˆÁ, =XΩw¯TˆÁ,
YÁ`◊[˝Eı \ˆÁ[˝ TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó %ÁV„[˝ ◊ªK˜_ XÁ* TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á \ˆ◊[˝bÓ„TˆÃ[˝ LXÓ [˝Á
Â]ÁEıÅ]ÁÃ[˝ Zı„_Ã[˝ LXÓ Â_`]Áy ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ XÁ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á EıÁÃ[˝Á[˝Á„aÃ[˝ ◊VX [˝Á_„EıÃ[˝
%Á„]Á„V, c˜Á„aÓ, y‘›QÕˆÁÃ^, YQÕˆÁ-£XÁÃ^, a]Á„_ÁªJÙXÁÃ^ EıÁªRÙOÁcÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜„_X* TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á
%◊Tˆ `›H– ÂL„_Ã[˝ Eı∂ˆÇÔªJÙÁÃ[˝›, ◊aYÁc˜›, Eı„Ã^V›, Ã^«„Ã[˝ÁY›Ã^ aÁ„#¤∞RÙO, ◊Qˆ‰ªRÙOEı◊ªRÙO\ˆ,
ÂEıÁ‰ªRÙO¤Ã[˝ Eı∂ˆÇÔªJÙÁÃ[˝›, aEı„_Ã[˝ a„Ü \ˆÁ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á _cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜„_X A[˝e `y” ◊]y [˝QÕˆ
ÊªK˜ÁRª ÙO ◊[˝Jª ÙÁ[Ã ˝ XÁ Eı◊[Ã ˝^Ã Á aEı„_Ã[˝ a„Ü %Á„]ÁV Gî C =Yc˜Áa %ÁÃ[˝êˆ Eı◊[Ã ˝^Ã Á◊ªK˜„_X*
ÂEıÁ‰ªRÙO¤Ã[˝ a]Ã^ TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ Y„l˘ %◊Tˆ ◊[˝Ã[˝◊N˛EıÃ[˝ ◊ªK˜_, EıÁÃ[˝S Â]ÁEıÅ]Á Y“cã„X
Ã[˝a %◊Tˆ %î ◊ªK˜_* AcÕ a]Ã^ EıÁªRÙOÁcÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ Y◊QÕˆ[˝ÁÃ[˝ [˝cÕ ◊ªK˜_ XÁ,
EıUÁ Eı◊c˜[˝ÁÃ[˝ %X«]◊TˆC ◊ªK˜_ XÁ* ^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á Â^ÁG %ÁÃ[˝êˆ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜„_X, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á
TˆFXC Gâ¯„GÁ„_Ã[˝ ]„W˝Ó W˝ÓÁX Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ Â`„FX XÁcÕ, TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ Y„l˘ a]Ã^ EıÁªRÙOÁX
[˝QÕˆ Eı◊PˆX c˜cÕÃ^Á =◊PˆTˆ* Y“U]Tˆf V«cÕ ªJÙÁ◊Ã[˝LX Y◊QÕˆ[˝ÁÃ[˝ [˝cÕ ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ %Á◊X„Tˆ
_Á◊G„_X, TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ ÂVFÁ„V◊F %ÁÃ[˝ aEı„_ ÂacÕ =YÁÃ^ %[˝_∂ëˆX Eı◊Ã[˝„_X*
TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Y„Ã[˝ AcÕ %‡«ˆTˆ V `Ó ÂVFÁ ^ÁcÕTˆ Â^, Â]ÁEıÅ]Á ªJÙ◊_„Tˆ‰ªK˜, ◊≈y` ªJÙ◊{`
LX %ÁaÁ]›Ã[˝ a]ÿôˆ \ˆ◊[˝bÓd _cÕÃ^Á ªRÙOÁXÁªRÙOÁ◊X c˜cÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Zı_ ZgıÁ◊aEıÁ„úˆ
] T«ˆÓ [˝Á ^Á[˝#›[˝X •›YÁ‹ôˆÃ[˝ c˜cÕ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝, %UªJÙ ÂacÕ %ÁaÁ]›GS ÂacÕ ◊V„Eı
V EÀıYÁTˆ XÁ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ÂEıc˜ [˝◊·¯„]Ã[˝ =YXÓÁa, ÂEıc˜ ◊[˝„[˝EıÁX„≥VÃ[˝ Ã[˝ÁL„^ÁG [˝Á
Science of Religions, ÂEıc˜ G›TˆÁ, ÂEıc˜ Y«[Ã ˝ÁS, ÂEıc˜ ^ Ã „« [Ã ˝ÁY›Ã^ V`ÔX AEıÁG–]„X
Y◊QÕˆ„Tˆ‰ªK˜X* cÕeÃ[˝ÁL aÁ„#¤∞RÙO [˝Á ÂV`› ◊aYÁc˜› ÂEıc˜cÕ TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ AcÕ %ÁªJÙÃ[˝„S
[˝ÁW˝Á ◊VTˆ XÁ* TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á \ˆÁ◊[˝Ã^Á ◊ªK˜„_X, cÕc˜Á„TˆcÕ ^◊V ATˆm◊_ ◊YtÃ[˝Á[˝à˘ [˝ÓÁH–
`Á‹ôˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á UÁ„Eı, TˆÁc˜Á c˜cÕ„_ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝C EıÁ^ÔÓ _H« c˜Ã^; %◊W˝Eı‹ô«ˆ cÕc˜Á„Tˆ
EıÁc˜ÁÃ[˝C l˘◊Tˆ XÁcÕ* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ AEı◊VX [˝Á◊_Ô aÁ„c˜„[˝Ã[˝ V ◊rÙ AcÕ V „`ÓÃ[˝ Y“◊Tˆ %ÁE ırÙ
c˜cÕ_, AcÕ %ÁªJÙÃ[˝S ]ÓÁ◊L‰r—Ùª RÙO aÁ„c˜„[˝Ã[˝ %ac˜Ó c˜cÕÃ^Á =◊Pˆ_* V«cÕ ◊VX ◊Tˆ◊X ◊EıªK«˜
[˝„_X XÁcÕ, Y„Ã[˝ %ÁÃ[˝ UÁ◊Eı‰ªTˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝„_X XÁ, [˝cÕ„Ã^Ã[˝ %Á]VÁ◊X [˝µ˘ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝
ßE«ı] ◊V„_X* [˝Áÿôˆ◊[˝Eı [˝Á◊_Ô A]X a«≥VÃ[˝ ◊[˝ªJÙÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜X, TˆÁc˜Á `“[˝S Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á
ÂEıÁUÁÃ^ aEı„_ %ÁX≥V _Á\ˆ Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝X, XÁ aEı„_ [˝cÕ Y◊QÕˆ„TˆX* cÕc˜Á„Tˆ [˝Á◊_ÔÃ[˝
ÂGÏÃ[˝[˝ C [˝ ◊ªRÙO` L◊rÙ„aÃ[˝ ]◊c˜]ÁÃ[˝ Y“◊Tˆ ÂHÁÃ[˝ %a∂ˆÇÁX Y“V`ÔX EıÃ[˝Á c˜cÕTˆ a„≥Vc˜
XÁcÕ*
%Á]Ã[˝Á ^Tˆ◊VX ÿëˆTˆ‹óˆ ÿëˆTˆ‹óˆ H„Ã[˝ %Á[˝à˘ ◊ªK˜_Á], TˆTˆ◊VX ÂEı[˝_ GÁQÕˆ›„Tˆ,
]ÓÁ◊L‰r—Ùª RÙO %Á◊a[˝ÁÃ[˝ Y…„[[˝ÔÃ[˝ AEıH∞RÙOÁ [˝Á %ÁW˝H∞RÙOÁEıÁ_ A[˝e ◊ªRÙO◊Zı„XÃ[˝ a]Ã^
EıTÊıªRÙOÁ %Á_ÁY Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ %[˝aÃ[˝ YÁcÕTˆÁ]* ^gÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ YÃ[˝&„Ã[˝Ã[˝ a◊c˜Tˆ Y◊Ã[˝ªJÙÃ^
[˝Á %Á_ÁY ◊ªK˜_, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á AcÕ a]„Ã^ cell-AÃ[˝ X›Ã[˝[˝TˆÁ C ◊X#¤XTˆÁÃ[˝ Â`ÁW˝
_cÕ„TˆX, c˜Á◊a, %Á„]ÁV C XÁXÁ ◊[˝b„Ã^Ã[˝ %Á„_ÁªJÙXÁÃ^ a]Ã^ EıÁªRÙOÁcÕ„TˆX* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ
AcÕÃ[˝÷Y %[˝a„Ã[˝ %Y◊Ã[˝◊ªJÙTˆ Â_Á„EıÃ[˝ a„Ü %Á_Á„YÃ[˝ a«◊[˝W˝Á c˜Ã^ XÁ, ÂacÕLXÓ
%Á]ÁÃ[˝ \ˆÁcÕ [˝ÁÃ[˝›≥V– C %◊[˝XÁ` ◊\ˆ~ %Á◊] %ÁÃ[˝ EıÁc˜ÁÃ[˝C a◊c˜Tˆ %◊W˝Eı %Á_ÁY
Eı◊Ã[˝TˆÁ] XÁ, TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ c˜Á◊a C Gî £◊XTˆÁ], ÿëˆÃê TˆÁc˜Á„Tˆ Â^ÁG ◊VTˆÁ] XÁ*
◊Eı‹ˆ«ô AEıLX %Á]ÁÃ[˝ EıÁ‰ªK˜ ]Á„Mı ]Á„Mı ÂHg◊aÃ^Á %Á◊a„TˆX, ◊Tˆ◊X \ˆÁ[˝› approver
X„Ã[˝≥V–XÁU ÂGÁÿëˆÁ]›* %XÓ [˝Á_Eı„VÃ[˝ XÓÁÃ^ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ `Á‹ôˆ C ◊`rÙ ÿëˆ\ˆÁ[˝ ◊ªK˜_ XÁ,
◊Tˆ◊X aÁcã›, _H«‰ªJÙTˆÁ A[˝e ªJÙ◊Ã[˝‰y, EıUÁÃ^, Eı„∂ˆÇÔ %ae^Tˆ ◊ªK˜„_X* W˝ Tˆ c˜cÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝
EıÁ„_ X„Ã[˝X ÂGgÁaÁcÕ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ÿëˆÁ\ˆÁ◊[˝Eı aÁcã C Y“G_À\ˆTˆÁ ÂVFÁcÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜„_X, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ
_H«‰ªJÙTˆÁ [˝◊_Ã^Á EıÁÃ[˝Á[˝Á„aÃ[˝ ^d◊Eı◊á˚d V«fF %a«◊[˝W˝Á ac˜Ó EıÃ[˝Á TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Y„l˘
%aÁW˝Ó c˜cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜_* ◊Tˆ◊X L◊]VÁ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ÊªK˜„_ a«TˆÃ[˝Áe a«„F, ◊[˝_Á„a, V«Xfi≈◊Tˆ„Tˆ
_Á◊_Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á EıÁÃ[˝ÁG „c˜Ã[˝ Eı‰PˆÁÃ[˝ ae^] C TˆYaÓÁÃ^ %TˆÓ‹ôˆ EıÁTˆÃ[˝ c˜cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜„_X,
%ÁÃ[˝ ÂacÕ \ˆÁ[˝ aEı„_Ã[˝ ◊XEıªRÙO Y“EıÁ` Eı◊Ã[˝„TˆC E«ı◊¢ˆTˆ c˜X XÁcÕ* Â^ ÂEıÁX
=YÁ„Ã^ AcÕ ^‹óˆSÁ c˜cÕ„Tˆ ]«N˛ c˜cÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ =dEıªRÙO [˝ÁaXÁ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ]„X ◊VX ◊VX
[˝Á◊QÕˆ„Tˆ _Á◊G_* Y“U] TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ AcÕ %Á`Á ◊ªK˜_ Â^ ◊X„LÃ[˝ ÿëˆ›EıÁ„Ã[˝Á◊N˛ Y“TˆÓÁc˜ÁÃ[˝
Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á Y“]ÁS Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝„[˝X Â^ Y«◊_a TgˆÁc˜Á„Eı `ÁÃ[˝›◊Ã[˝Eı ^‹óˆSÁ ◊VÃ^Á ÂVÁb
ÿëˆ›EıÁÃ[˝ EıÃ[˝ÁcÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜„_X* ◊Tˆ◊X %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ◊XEıªRÙO LÁXÁcÕ„_X Â^, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ◊YTˆÁ
ÂacÕÃ[˝÷Y ◊]UÓÁ aÁl˘› Â^ÁGÁQÕˆ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ E ıTâeEıî c˜cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜„_X* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ %î ◊V„XcÕ
%ÁÃ[˝ AEı \ˆÁ[˝ Y“EıÁ` YÁcÕ„Tˆ _Á◊G_* TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ◊YTˆÁ C AEıLX Â]ÁN˛ÁÃ[˝ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝
◊XEıªRÙO ÂL„_ HX HX ^ÁTˆÁÃ^ÁTˆ %ÁÃ[˝êˆ Eı◊Ã[˝„_X, Â`„b ◊Qˆ‰ªRÙOEÀı◊ªRÙO\ˆ `Á]a«_
%Á_]C TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ◊XEıªRÙO %Á◊aÃ^Á %„XEıl˘S W˝◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ÂGÁY„X EıUÁˆ[˝ÁwÔ¯Á Eı◊c˜„Tˆ
_Á◊G„_X* AcÕ a]„Ã^ c˜PˆÁd ÂGgÁaÁcÕ„Ã^Ã[˝ ÂEıÏT…ˆc˜_ C Y“`¬ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ Y“[˝ ◊w¯
c˜cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜_ [˝◊_Ã^Á %„X„EıÃ[˝ a„≥V„c˜Ã[˝ =‰V–Eı c˜Ã^* \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ[˝„bÔ [˝QÕˆ [˝QÕˆ Â_Á„EıÃ[˝
a◊c˜Tˆ TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ %Á_ÁY [˝Á H◊XúˆTˆÁ ◊ªK˜_ ◊Eı XÁ, mä a◊]◊Tˆ„Eı ÂEı ÂEı %Á◊UÔEı
aÁc˜Á^Ó ◊VÃ^Á TˆÁc˜Á ÂYÁbS Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜„_X, a◊]◊TˆÃ[˝ Â_ÁEı [˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝ [˝Á \ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝
%XÓÁXÓ Y“„V„` ÂEı ÂEı ◊ªK˜_, EıÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á AFX a◊]◊TˆÃ[˝ EıÁ^ÔÓ ªJÙÁ_ÁcÕ„[˝X, ÂEıÁUÁÃ^
`ÁFÁ a◊]◊Tˆ [Ã ˝◊c˜^Ã Á‰ªK˜ c˜TO ˆÓÁ◊V %„XEı ÊªK˜ÁRª ÙO [˝QˆÕ Y“`¬ [˝Á[Ã ˝›≥V– C =„Y≥V–„Eı Eı◊[Ã ˝„TˆX*
ÂGgÁaÁcÕ„Ã^Ã[˝ AcÕ p˚ÁXT ˆb’ÁÃ[˝ EıUÁ %◊ªJÙÃ[˝Ád aEı„_Ã[˝ EıSÔ„GÁªJÙÃ[˝ c˜cÕ_ A[˝e `Á]a«_
%Á_„]Ã[˝ a„Ü TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ H◊XúˆTˆÁÃ[˝ EıUÁC %ÁÃ[˝ ÂGÁYX›Ã^ ÊY“]Á_ÁY XÁ c˜cÕÃ^Á
open secret c˜cÕÃ^Á =◊Pˆ_* cÕc˜Á _cÕÃ^Á %„XEı %Á„_ÁªJÙXÁ c˜Ã^ A[˝e ÂEıc˜ ÂEıc˜
c˜cO ˜ÁC _l˘Ó Eı„[Ã ˝ Â^ Ac˜[ÃO ˝÷Y Y«◊_a V`Ô„XÃ[˝ YÃ[˝cÕ a[[˝VÔ Á X[˝ X[˝ Y“`¬ ÂGgÁaÁc˜„O ^Ã [Ã ˝
]„X L«◊ªRÙOTˆ* [˝_Á [˝Áß_Ó ◊Tˆ◊X AcÕ aEı_ Y“‰`¬Ã[˝ a„‹ôˆÁbLXEı =w¯Ã[˝ YÁX XÁcÕ*
^FX Y“U] AcÕ EıUÁ %ÁaÁ]›„VÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó Ã[˝Ár—Ù c˜cÕ„Tˆ _Á◊G_, TˆFX ÂGgÁaÁcÕ ÿëˆÃê
ÿëˆ›EıÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜„_X Â^ Y«◊_a TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ◊XEıªRÙO %Á◊aÃ^Á ""Ã[˝ÁLÁÃ[˝ aÁl˘›'' c˜cÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝
LXÓ TgˆÁc˜Á„Eı XÁXÁ =YÁ„Ã^ [˝«MıÁcÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÊªJÙrÙÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜X* ◊Tˆ◊X %Á]Á„Eı ÂEıÁ‰ªRÙO¤
AEı[˝ÁÃ[˝ AcÕ EıUÁ [˝◊_Ã^Á◊ªK˜„_X* %Á◊] TgˆÁc˜Á„Eı ◊Lp˚ÁaÁ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜_Á], ""%ÁY◊X

◊Eı =w¯Ã[˝ ◊VÃ^Á‰ªK˜X?'' ◊Tˆ◊X [˝◊_„_X, ""%Á◊] ◊Eı £◊X[˝! %ÁÃ[˝ £◊X„_C %Á◊]
◊Eı LÁ◊X Â^ TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ ]„XÃ[˝ ]Tˆ aÁl˘Ó ◊V[˝?'' TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ◊EıÃ^d◊VX Y„Ã[˝ %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝
^FX AcÕ EıUÁ =‰{F Eı◊Ã[˝„_X, TˆFX ÂV◊F_Á], [˝ÓÁYÁÃ[˝ªRÙOÁ %„XEı V…„Ã[˝
GQÕˆÁcÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜* ÂL„_ Identification parade-AÃ[˝ a]Ã^ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ YÁ„`üÔ ÂGgÁaÁcÕ
VÒÁQÕˆÁcÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜„_X, TˆFX ◊Tˆ◊X %Á]Á„Eı [˝„_X, ""Y«◊_a ÂEı[˝_cÕ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ◊XEıªRÙO
%Á„aX*'' %Á◊] =Yc˜Áa Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á [˝◊__Á], ""%ÁY◊X AcÕ EıUÁ [˝_«X XÁ ÂEıX Â^
aÁÃ[˝ %Á≥V–” ÊZ–ıLÁÃ[˝ mä a◊]◊TˆÃ[˝ Y“W˝ÁX Y úˆ„YÁbEı ◊ªK˜„_X, TˆÁc˜Á c˜cÕ„_ TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝
Y◊Ã[˝`“] aÁUÔEı c˜cÕ„[˝*'' ÂGgÁaÁcÕ [˝◊_„_X, ""ÂacÕ W˝Ã[˝„SÃ[˝ EıUÁ [˝◊_Ã^Á◊ªK˜ [˝‰ªRÙO*
%Á◊] TgˆÁc˜Á„Eı [˝◊_Ã^Á◊ªK˜ Â^ a«„Ã[˝≥V–XÁU [˝ÓÁXÁ#fi %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ head A[˝e TgˆÁc˜Á„Eı
AEı[˝ÁÃ[˝ Â[˝Á]Á ÂVFÁcÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜*'' %Á◊] ÿôˆ◊êˆTˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á TgˆÁc˜Á„Eı ◊Lp˚ÁaÁ Eı◊Ã[˝_Á],
""AcÕ EıUÁ [˝◊_[˝ÁÃ[˝ Y“„Ã^ÁLX ◊Eı ◊ªK˜_?'' ÂGgÁaÁcÕ [˝◊_„_X, ""%Á◊] --- „VÃ[˝ `“Áà˘
Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ªK˜Á◊QÕˆ[˝* ÂacÕ W˝Ã[˝„SÃ[˝ %ÁÃ[˝C %„XEı F[˝Ã[˝ ◊VÃ^Á◊ªK˜* Â[˝ªRÙOÁÃ[˝Á corrobora-
tion Fg«◊LÃ^Á Fg«◊LÃ^Á ]Ã[˝”Eı* ÂEı LÁ„X, AcÕ =YÁ„Ã^ Â]ÁEıÅ]Á ZgıÁ◊aÃ^Á ^ÁcÕ„TˆC
YÁ„Ã[˝*'' cÕc˜ÁÃ[˝ =w¯„Ã[˝ %Á◊] ÂEı[˝_ [˝◊_Ã^Á◊ªK˜_Á], ""AcÕ XrÙÁ◊] ªK˜Á◊QÕˆÃ^Á ◊VX*
=c˜Á„VÃ[˝ a„Ü ªJÙÁ_ÁEı› Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ ÂG„_ ◊X„L Pˆ◊Eı„[˝X*'' LÁ◊X XÁ, ÂGgÁaÁcÕ„Ã^Ã[˝ AcÕ
EıUÁ EıTˆV…Ã[˝ aTˆÓ ◊ªK˜_* %ÁÃ[˝ aEı_ %ÁaÁ]›„VÃ[˝ AcÕ ]Tˆ ◊ªK˜_ Â^ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ªJÙ„l˘
W˝…_Á ◊V[˝ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ ◊Tˆ◊X AcÕ EıUÁ [˝◊_Ã^Á◊ªK˜„_X, %Á]ÁÃ[˝ Â[˝ÁW˝ c˜Ã^ Â^ TˆFXC
ÂGgÁaÁcÕ approver c˜cÕ„Tˆ a+…SÔ E ıTˆ◊X∏JÙÃ^ c˜X XÁcÕ, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ]X ÂacÕ ◊V„Eı
%„XEı V…Ã[˝ %G–aÃ[˝ c˜cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜_ aTˆÓ, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ Y«◊_a„Eı PÊıÁcÕÃ^Á TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ ÂEıa ]ÁªRÙO›
Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ %Á`ÁC TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ◊ªK˜_* ªJÙÁ_ÁEı› C %aV«YÁ„Ã^ EıÁ^ÔÓ◊a◊à˘ V«πY“[˝ ◊w¯Ã[˝
ÿëˆÁ\ˆÁ◊[˝Eı ÊY“Ã[˝SÁ* TˆFX c˜cÕ„Tˆ [˝«◊Mı„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝_Á] Â^, ÂGgÁaÁcÕ Y«◊_„aÃ[˝ [˝`
c˜cÕÃ^Á aTˆÓ ◊]UÓÁ TˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ ^Ác˜Á Y“„Ã^ÁLX, TˆÁc˜Á [˝◊_Ã^Á ◊X„L Ã[˝l˘Á YÁcÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝
ÊªJÙrÙÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝X* AEıªRÙO› X›ªJÙ ÿëˆ\ˆÁ„[˝Ã[˝ %ÁÃ[˝C ◊X∂oˆTˆÃ[˝ V«õı„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ ◊V„Eı %W˝fYTˆX
%Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ªJÙ„l˘Ã[˝ a∂ˆÇ«„F XÁªRÙO„EıÃ[˝ ]Tˆ %◊\ˆX›Tˆ c˜cÕ„Tˆ _Á◊G_* %Á◊] ◊VX ◊VX
ÂV◊F_Á], ÂGgÁaÁcÕ„Ã^Ã[˝ ]X ◊EıÃ[˝÷„Y [˝V_ÁcÕÃ^Á ^ÁcÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ]«F, \ˆÁ[˝\ˆÜ›,
EıUÁ[˝ÁwÔ¯Á[Ã ˝C Y◊Ã[˝[˝w¯Ô X c˜c˜„O Tˆ‰Kª ˜* ◊Tˆ◊X Â^ ◊[˝`Áü aHÁTÊıTˆÁ Eı◊[Ã ˝^Ã Á TgˆÁc˜Á[Ã ˝ aÜ›„VÃ[˝
a[[˝ÔXÁ` Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ Â^ÁGÁQÕˆ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ◊ªK˜„_X, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ a]UÔX LXÓ y‘„] y‘„] XÁXÁ
%UÔÍX◊TÊı C Ã[˝ÁLÍX◊TÊı ^«◊N˛ [˝Á◊c˜Ã[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ _Á◊G„_X* A]X interesting
psychological study Y“ÁÃ^cÕ c˜Á„TˆÃ[˝ ◊XEıªRÙO YÁCÃ^Á ^ÁÃ^ XÁ*
Y“U] ÂEıc˜cÕ ÂGgÁaÁcÕ„Eı LÁ◊X„Tˆ ◊V„_X XÁ Â^ aEı„_ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ %◊\â◊µ˘

[˝«◊Mı„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X* ◊Tˆ◊XC A]X ◊X„[[˝ÔÁW˝ Â^ %„XEı ◊VX cÕc˜ÁÃ[˝ ◊EıªK«˜ [˝«◊Mı„Tˆ
YÁ„Ã[˝X XÁcÕ, ◊Tˆ◊X \ˆÁ◊[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜„_X, %Á◊] F«[˝ ÂGÁY„X Y«◊_„aÃ[˝ aÁc˜Á^Ó Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ◊ªK˜*
◊Eı‹ô«ˆ Eı„ÃÊı ◊VX Y„Ã[˝ ^FX ßE«ı] c˜cÕ_ Â^, %ÁÃ[˝ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ◊X#¤X EıÁÃ[˝Á[˝Á„a
XÁ Ã[˝Á◊FÃ^Á AEıa„Ü Ã[˝ÁFÁ c˜cÕ„[˝, TˆFX ÂacÕ X…TˆX [˝Ó[˝ÿöˆÁÃ^ YÃ[˝&„Ã[˝Ã[˝ a◊c˜Tˆ
Ã[˝ÁTˆ-◊VX ÂVFÁ C EıUÁ[˝ÁwÔ¯Á c˜CÃ^ÁÃ^ %ÁÃ[˝ Â[˝`› ◊VX ◊EıªK«˜cÕ _«EıÁcÕÃ^Á Ã[˝Á◊F[˝ÁÃ[˝
aêˆÁ[˝XÁ ◊ªK˜_ XÁ* AcÕ a]„Ã^ V«cÕ AEıLX [˝Á_„EıÃ[˝ a„Ü ÂGgÁaÁcÕ„Ã^Ã[˝ MıGQÕˆÁ
c˜Ã^, TˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ EıUÁÃ^ C aEı„_Ã[˝ %Y“›◊TÊıÃ[˝ [˝Ó[˝c˜Á„Ã[˝ ÂGgÁaÁcÕ [˝«◊Mı„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝„_X
Â^, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ %◊\â◊µ˘ EıÁc˜ÁÃ[˝C %p˚ÁTˆ X„c˜* ^FX ÂGgÁaÁcÕ aÁl˘Ó ÂVX, TˆFX
Eı„ÃÊıªRÙO› cÕeÃ[˝ÁL› EıÁG„L AcÕ F[˝Ã[˝ [˝Á◊c˜Ã[˝ c˜Ã^ Â^, %ÁaÁ]›GS AcÕ %Y“TˆÓÁ◊`Tˆ
HªRÙOXÁÃ^ ªJÙ]dE ıTˆ C =„w¯◊LTˆ c˜cÕ„_X* [˝_Á [˝Áß_Ó cÕc˜Á ◊XTˆÁ‹ôˆ ◊Ã[˝„YÁªRÙO¤ÁÃ[˝„VÃ[˝cÕ
EıîXÁ* %„XEı ◊VX %Á„GcÕ aEı„_ [˝«◊Mı„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜„_X Â^, AcÕ Y“EıÁÃ[˝ aÁl˘Ó
ÂVCÃ^Á c˜cÕ„[˝* A]X ◊Eı, Â^ ◊V„X Â^ aÁl˘Ó ÂVCÃ^Á c˜cÕ„[˝, TˆÁc˜ÁC LÁ◊X„Tˆ
YÁÃ[˝Á ◊GÃ^Á◊ªK˜_* AcÕ a]„Ã^ AEıLX %ÁaÁ]› ÂGgÁaÁcÕ„Ã^Ã[˝ ◊XEıªRÙO ◊GÃ^Á [˝◊_„_X
--- ÂVF \ˆÁcÕ, %ÁÃ[˝ ac˜Ó c˜Ã^ XÁ, %Á◊]C approver c˜cÕ[˝, T«ˆ◊] `Á]a«_ %Á_]„Eı
[˝_ %Á]ÁÃ[˝C Â^X FÁ_Áa YÁcÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ [˝Ó[˝ÿöˆÁ Eı„Ã[˝X* ÂGgÁaÁcÕ a∂ˆÇTˆ c˜cÕ„_X, Eı„ÃÊı
◊VX Y„Ã[˝ TgˆÁc˜Á„Eı [˝◊_„_X Â^ AcÕ %„UÔ G[˝SÔ„]∞RÙO c˜cÕ„Tˆ ◊ªJÙ◊Pˆ %Á◊aÃ^Á‰ªK˜
Â^, ÂacÕ %ÁaÁ]›Ã[˝ ◊X„[˝V„XÃ[˝ %X«E…ı_ ◊XSÔÃ^ (favourable consideration)
c˜cÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ aêˆÁ[˝XÁ %Á‰ªK˜* AcÕ [˝◊_Ã^Á ÂGgÁaÁcÕ TˆÁc˜Á„Eı =„YX Y“\ ˆ◊TˆÃ[˝ ◊XEıªRÙO
c˜cÕ„Tˆ AcÕÃ[˝÷Y Eı„ÃÊıªRÙO› %Á[˝`ÓEı›Ã^ EıUÁ [˝Á◊c˜Ã[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ [˝◊_„_X, Â^]X ÂEıÁUÁÃ^
mä a◊]◊TˆÃ[˝ `ÁFÁ a◊]◊Tˆ ◊ªK˜_, EıÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ÂXTˆÁ, cÕTˆÓÁ◊V* XEı_ approver
%Á„]ÁV-◊Y“Ã^ C Ã[˝◊aEı Â_ÁEı ◊ªK˜„_X, ◊Tˆ◊X =„Y≥V–XÁ„UÃ[˝ a◊c˜Tˆ YÃ[˝Á]`Ô Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á
ÂGgÁaÁcÕ„Eı Eı„ÃÊıªRÙO› Eı◊îTˆ XÁ] LÁXÁcÕÃ^Á [˝◊_„_X Â^, ]ÁV–Á„L ◊[˝`üêˆÃ[˝ ◊Y„_,
aÁTˆÁ[Ã ˝Á^Ã Y«[Ã ˝”„bÁw¯] XÁ‰ªRÙEO ı[Ã ˝, Â[˝Á∂ëˆÁc˜„O Tˆ ÊY“Á„ZıaÁÃ[˝ \ˆvÙ A[˝e [˝„[Ã ˝ÁVÁÃ^ E ıb’ÁL›Ã[˝ÁC
\ˆÁC AcÕ mä a◊]◊TˆÃ[˝ `ÁFÁÃ[˝ ÂXTˆÁ ◊ªK˜„_X* ÂGgÁaÁcÕ %ÁX◊≥VTˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á AcÕ
◊[˝`üÁa„^ÁGÓ ae[˝ÁV Y«◊_a„Eı LÁXÁcÕ„_X* Y«◊_aC ]ÁV–ÁL Tˆ~ Tˆ~ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á
Fg«◊L„_X, %„XEı ÊªK˜ÁªRÙO [˝QÕˆ ◊Y„_„Eı YÁcÕ„_X, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ AEıªRÙO›C ◊Y„_ ◊[˝`üêˆÃ[˝ [˝Á
%à˘¤ ◊[˝`üêˆÃ[˝C YÁcÕ„_X XÁ, aÁTˆÁÃ[˝ÁÃ[˝ Y«Ã[˝”„bÁw¯] XÁ‰ªRÙOEıÃ[˝C TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ %◊ÿôˆ±ºˆ HX
%µ˘EıÁ„Ã[˝ mä Ã[˝Á◊FÃ^Á Ã[˝◊c˜„_X, Â[˝Á∂ëˆÁcÕ„Ã^ AEıLX ÊY“Á„ZıaÁÃ[˝ \ˆvÙ YÁCÃ^Á
ÂG„_X, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ◊Tˆ◊X ◊XÃ[˝›c˜ Ã[˝ÁL\ˆN˛ \ˆV–„_ÁEı, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ◊YªK˜„X ÂEıÁX mä a◊]◊Tˆ
UÁ◊Eı[˝ÁÃ[˝ aêˆÁ[˝XÁ ◊ªK˜_ XÁ* %UªJÙ aÁl˘Ó ◊V[˝ÁÃ[˝ a]Ã^ ÂGgÁaÁcÕ Y…[[˝ÔEıÁ„_ =„Y„XÃ[˝
◊XEıªRÙO Â`ÁXÁ EıUÁ [˝◊_Ã^Á EıîXÁÃ[˝ÁLÓ ◊X[˝Áa› ◊[˝`üêˆÃ[˝ ◊Y„_ cÕTˆÓÁ◊V bQÕˆ^„‹óˆÃ[˝
]c˜ÁÃ[˝U›GS„Eı XªRÙO¤„XÃ[˝ `“›ªJÙÃ[˝„S [˝◊_ ◊VÃ^Á TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ %‡«ˆTˆ prosecution theory
Y«rÙ Eı◊Ã[˝„_X* [˝›Ã[˝ E ıb’ÁL›Ã[˝ÁC \ˆÁC _cÕÃ^Á Y«◊_a %ÁÃ[˝ AEıªªRÙO› Ã[˝cãÓ Eı◊Ã[˝„_X*
TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á [˝ÁGÁX c˜cÕ„Tˆ [˝„Ã[˝ÁVÁÃ[˝ E ıb’ÁL›Ã[˝ÁC ÂV`YÁ„â¯Ã[˝ XÁ„] ÂEıÁXC ""ÂHÁb''
•ÁÃ[˝Á ÊY“◊Ã[˝Tˆ ÊªRÙO◊_G–Á„]Ã[˝ XEı_ [˝Á◊c˜Ã[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„_X* ÂacÕÃ[˝÷Y XÁ„]Ã[˝ ÂEıÁX Â_ÁEı
◊ªK˜_ ◊Eı XÁ, [˝„Ã[˝ÁVÁ[˝Áa› TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ÂEıÁX aµ˘ÁX YÁX XÁcÕ, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ^FX aTˆÓ[˝ÁV›
ÂGgÁaÁcÕ [˝„Ã[˝ÁVÁ[˝Áa› E ıb’ÁL›Ã[˝ÁC \ˆÁC„Ã^Ã[˝ EıUÁ [˝◊_Ã^Á‰ªK˜X, TˆFX ◊X∏JÙÃ^
E ıb’ÁL›Ã[˝ÁC \ˆÁC C E ıb’ÁL›Ã[˝ÁC ÂV`YÁ„â¯ AEıcÕ* %ÁÃ[˝ E ıb’ÁL›Ã[˝ÁC ÂV`YÁ„â¯
UÁE«ıX [˝Á XÁ UÁE«ıX, %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ `“„à˘Ã^ [˝µ«˘ ÂEı`[˝Ã[˝ÁC ÂV`YÁ„â¯Ã[˝ XÁ] ◊ªJÙ◊PˆY‰y
YÁCÃ^Á ◊GÃ^Á◊ªK˜_* %TÂ[˝ ◊X∏JÙÃ^ E ıb’ÁL›Ã[˝ÁC \ˆÁC, E ıb’ÁL›Ã[˝ÁC ÂV`YÁ„â¯
A[˝e ÂEı`[˝Ã[˝ÁC ÂV`YÁ„â¯ AEıcÕ Â_ÁEı* cÕc˜Á„Tˆ Y“]Á◊STˆ c˜_ Â^, ÂEı`[˝Ã[˝ÁC
ÂV`YÁ„â¯ mä bQÕˆ^„‹óˆÃ[˝ AEıLX Y“W˝ÁX YÁâ¯Á* AcÕÃ[˝÷Y %aÁW˝ÁÃ[˝S %X«]ÁX
aEı„_Ã[˝ =YÃ[˝ XªRÙO¤X aÁ„c˜„[˝Ã[˝ ÂacÕ ◊[˝FÓÁTˆ theory Y“◊Tˆ◊úˆTˆ ◊ªK˜_*
ÂGgÁaÁcÕ„Ã^Ã[˝ EıUÁ ◊[˝`üÁa Eı◊Ã[˝„_ cÕc˜ÁcÕ ◊[˝`üÁa Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ c˜Ã^ Â^, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝cÕ
EıUÁÃ^ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ◊X#¤X EıÁÃ[˝Á[˝Áa H«◊ªJÙÃ^Á ^ÁÃ^ A[˝e %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ AEıy [˝Á„aÃ[˝
ßE«ı] c˜Ã^* ◊Tˆ◊X [˝◊_Ã^Á◊ªK˜„_X Â^, Y«◊_a TgˆÁc˜Á„Eı aEı„_Ã[˝ ]„W˝Ó Ã[˝Á◊FÃ^Á bQÕˆ-
^„‹óˆÃ[˝ mä EıUÁ [˝Á◊c˜Ã[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ =„Å„`Ó AcÕ [˝Ó[˝ÿöˆÁ Eı„Ã[˝X* ÂGgÁaÁcÕ LÁ◊X„TˆX
XÁ Â^ aEı„_ Y…„[[˝ÔcÕ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ X…TˆX [˝Ó[˝aÁÃ[˝ EıUÁ LÁ◊X„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X, ÂacÕLXÓ
EıÁc˜Á[Ã ˝Á bQÕˆ^„‹óˆ ◊_ä, ÂEıÁUÁÃ^ `ÁFÁ a◊]◊Tˆ, ÂEı Rª ÙÁO EıÁ ◊V„TˆX [˝Á aÁc˜Á^Ó Eı◊Ã[˝„TˆX,
ÂEı AFX mä a◊]◊TˆÃ[˝ EıÁ^ÔÓ ªJÙÁ_ÁcÕ„[˝X, AcÕÃ[˝÷Y %„XEı Y“`¬ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ _Á◊G„_X*
AcÕ aEı_ Y“‰`¬Ã[˝ ◊EıÃ[˝÷Y =w¯Ã[˝ _Á\ˆ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜„_X TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ V rÙÁ‹ôˆ =Y„Ã[˝ ◊VÃ^Á◊ªK˜*
◊Eı‹ˆ«ô ÂGgÁaÁc˜„O ^Ã [Ã ˝ %◊W˝EıÁe` EıUÁcÕ ◊]UÓÁ* QˆÁN˛ÁÃ[˝ ÂQˆ◊_ %Á]Á◊VG„Eı [˝◊_Ã^Á◊ªK˜‰_˜X
Â^, ◊Tˆ◊XcÕ A]ÁÃ[˝aX aÁ„c˜[˝„Eı [˝◊_Ã^Á Eı◊c˜Ã^Á AcÕ Y◊Ã[˝[˝wÔ¯X EıÃ[˝ÁcÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜„_X*
aêˆ[˝Tˆf ÂQˆ◊_Ã[˝ EıUÁcÕ aTˆÓ, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Y„Ã[˝ c˜Ã^Tˆ Y«◊_a X…TˆX [˝Ó[˝ÿöˆÁÃ[˝ EıUÁ
%[˝GTˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á TˆÁc˜Á c˜cÕ„Tˆ AcÕÃ[˝÷Y _Á„\ˆÃ[˝ EıîXÁ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜„_X* ^Ác˜ÁcÕ c˜=Eı,
AcÕ Y◊Ã[˝[˝wÔ¯„X %Á]Á ◊\ˆ~ aEı„_Ã[˝ YÃ[˝] %ÁX≥V c˜cÕ_, %Á◊] TˆFX Â_Á„EıÃ[˝
a„Ü ◊]◊`„Tˆ %◊X¨K«˜Eı ◊ªK˜_Á], ÂacÕ a]„Ã^ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ aÁW˝X F«[˝ ÂLÁ„Ã[˝ ªJÙ◊_„Tˆ◊ªK˜_*
a]TˆÁ, ◊XõıÁ]TˆÁ C `Á◊‹ôˆÃ[˝ EıTÊı EıTÊı %ÁÿëˆÁV YÁcÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜_Á], ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ TˆFXC ÂacÕ
\ˆÁ[˝ V ªRÕÙ c˜Ã^ XÁcÕ* Â_Á„EıÃ[˝ a„Ü ◊]◊`„_, Y„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ‰ÿÉˆÁ„TˆÃ[˝ %ÁHÁTˆ %Á]ÁÃ[˝
%Yiı X[˝›X ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ Y◊QÕˆ„_cÕ AcÕ X[˝ \ˆÁ[˝ ‚—˜Áa YÁcÕ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝, \ˆÁ◊aÃ^Á
^ÁcÕ„TˆC YÁ„Ã[˝* [˝Áÿôˆ◊[˝Eı TˆÁc˜ÁcÕ c˜cÕ_* TˆFX [˝«◊MıTˆÁ] XÁ Â^ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ aÁW˝„XÃ[˝
Y…SÔTˆÁÃ[˝ LXÓ ◊[˝YÃ[˝›Tˆ \ˆÁ„[˝Ã[˝ =‰V–Eı %Á[˝`ÓEı ◊ªK˜_, ÂacÕLXÓ %‹ôˆ^ÔÓÁ]› %Á]Á„Eı
c˜PˆÁd %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ◊Y“Ã^ ◊X#¤XTˆÁ c˜cÕ„Tˆ [˝◊á˚Tˆ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á =ÅÁ] Ã[˝„LÁm„SÃ[˝ ÊÿÉˆÁ„Tˆ
\ˆÁaÁcÕÃ^Á ◊V„_X* %ÁÃ[˝ aEı„_cÕ %ÁX„≥V %W˝›Ã[˝ c˜cÕ„_X* ÂacÕ Ã[˝Á◊≈y„Tˆ Â^ H„Ã[˝
Âc˜]ªJÙ≥V– VÁa, `ªJÙ›≥V– ÂaX cÕTˆÓÁ◊V GÁÃÊı ◊ªK˜„_X ÂacÕ HÃ[˝ a[[˝ÔÁ„Yl˘Á [˝ c˜d ◊ªK˜_,
%◊W˝EıÁe` %ÁaÁ]› ÂacÕFÁ„X AEıy c˜cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜„_X, A[˝e V«ªRÙOÁ ◊TˆXªRÙOÁ Ã[˝Á◊≈y Y^ÔÓ‹ôˆ
ÂEıc˜ H«]ÁcÕ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝X XÁcÕ* aÁÃ[˝Á Ã[˝ÁTˆ c˜Á◊aÃ[˝ ÂÃ[˝Á_, GÁ„XÃ[˝ %◊[˝Ã[˝Á] ÊÿÉˆÁTˆ,
ATˆ◊V„XÃ[˝ [Ã ˝”à˘ Gî [˝bÁÔ EıÁ„_Ã[˝ [˝XÓÁÃ[˝ ]Tˆ [˝◊c˜„Tˆ UÁEıÁ^Ã X›Ã[˝[˝ EıÁ[Ã ˝ÁGÁÃ[˝ ÂEıÁ_Ác˜„_
W[˝◊XTˆ c˜cÕ_* %Á]Ã[˝Á H«]ÁcÕÃ^Á Y◊QÕˆ_Á] ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ^Tˆ[˝ÁÃ[˝ H«] \ˆÁ◊ÜÃ^Á ÂG_ TˆTˆ[˝ÁÃ[˝cÕ
£◊X_Á] ÂacÕ c˜Á◊a, ÂacÕ GÁX, ÂacÕ Gî a]ÁX Â[˝„G ªJÙ◊_„Tˆ‰ªK˜* Â`b Ã[˝Á‰y
AcÕ ÊÿÉˆÁTˆ l˘›S c˜cÕÃ^Á ÂG_, GÁÃ^„EıÃ[˝ÁC H«]ÁcÕÃ^Á Y◊QÕˆ„_X, %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ CÃ^ÁQÔˆ
X›Ã[˝[˝ c˜cÕ_*
EıÁÃ[˝ÁG c˜ C ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁ
]X«bÓ]Á‰ycÕ Y“ÁÃ^ [˝Ác˜Ó %[˝ÿöˆÁÃ[˝ VÁa, ÿöˆ…_LG„TˆÃ[˝ %X«\…ˆ◊TˆÃ[˝ ]„W˝ÓcÕ %Á[˝à˘*
]ÁX◊aEı ◊y‘Ã^ÁaEı_ ÂacÕ [˝Á◊c˜ÓEı %X«\…ˆ◊Tˆ„EıcÕ %Á`“Ã^ Eı„Ã[˝, [˝«◊à˘C ÿöˆ…„_Ã[˝
a·¯›SÔ a›]Á _IHX Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ %l˘]; Y“Á„SÃ[˝ a«FV«fF [˝Ác˜Ó HªRÙOXÁÃ[˝ Y“◊TˆW[˝◊X ]Áy*
AcÕ VÁa±ºˆ `Ã[˝›„Ã[˝Ã[˝ %Á◊W˝YTˆÓL◊XTˆ* =Y◊Xb„V [˝_Á c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜, ""LGdÿÉˆ rÙÁ ÿëˆÃ^ê…ˆ
`Ã[˝›„Ã[˝Ã[˝ •ÁÃ[˝aEı_ [˝◊c˜∂ˆÇ«ÔF›X Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á G◊QÕˆÃ^Á‰ªK˜X [˝◊_Ã^Á aEı„_Ã[˝ V ◊rÙ [˝◊c˜#¤G„Tˆ
%Á[˝à˘, %‹ôˆÃ[˝Á±¡Á„Eı ÂEıc˜C ÂV„F XÁ* ÂacÕ W˝›Ã[˝Y“E ı◊Tˆ ]c˜Á±¡Á ◊[˝Ã[˝_ ◊^◊X
%] „TˆÃ[˝ [˝ÁaXÁÃ^ ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ ªJÙl«˘ ◊ZıÃ[˝ÁcÕÃ^Á %Á±¡Á„Eı Y“TˆÓl˘ V`ÔX Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X*''
%Á]Ã[˝Á aÁW˝ÁÃ[˝STˆf Â^ [˝◊c˜∂ˆÇ«ÔF›X ÿöˆ…_V ◊rÙ„Tˆ ]X«bÓLÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ L›[˝X ÂV◊F, ÂacÕ
V ◊rÙ„Tˆ `Ã[˝›Ã[˝cÕ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ]«FÓ a∂ëˆ_* Ã^«„Ã[˝ÁY„Eı ^TˆcÕ XÁ LQÕˆ[˝ÁV› [˝◊_, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ
Y“E ıTˆY„l˘ ]X«bÓ]ÁycÕ LQÕˆ[˝ÁV›* `Ã[˝›Ã[˝ W˝]Ô aÁW˝„XÃ[˝ =YÁÃ^, %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ [˝ß-
%`ü^«N˛ Ã[˝U, Â^ ÂVc˜-Ã[˝„U %Á„Ã[˝Ác˜S Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á %Á]Ã[˝Á aeaÁÃ[˝ Y„U W˝Á◊[˝Tˆ c˜cÕ*
%Á]Ã[˝Á ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ÂV„c˜Ã[˝ %ÛÁUÔ Y“ÁW˝ÁXÓ ÿëˆ›EıÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ÂVc˜Á±¡Eı[˝«◊à˘„Eı A]X Y“`“Ã^
◊VcÕ Â^ [˝Á◊c˜ÓEı Eı∂ˆÇÔ C [˝Á◊c˜ÓEı £\ˆÁ£\ˆ •ÁÃ[˝Á a+…SÔÃ[˝÷„Y %Á[˝à˘ c˜cÕÃ^Á UÁ◊Eı*
AcÕ %p˚Á„XÃ[˝ Zı_ L›[˝X[˝ÓÁY› VÁa±ºˆ C YÃ[˝ÁW˝›XTˆÁ* a«FV«fF £\ˆÁ£\ˆ a+V◊[˝YV
%Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ]ÁX◊aEı %[˝ÿöˆÁ„Eı ◊X„LÃ[˝ %X«^ÁÃ^› Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ a‰ªJÙrÙ Tˆ c˜Ã^cÕ, %Á]Ã[˝ÁC
EıÁ]XÁÃ[˝ W˝ÓÁ„X ÂacÕ ÊÿÉˆÁ„Tˆ \ˆÁ◊aÃ^Á ^ÁcÕ* a«F_Á_aÁÃ^ V«fF\ˆ„Ã^ Y„Ã[˝Ã[˝ %Á◊`“Tˆ
c˜cÕ, Y„Ã[˝Ã[˝ Vw¯ a«F, Y„Ã[˝Ã[˝ Vw¯ V«fF G–c˜S Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á %„`b EırÙ C _Ás˙XÁ Â\ˆÁG
Eı◊Ã[˝* ÂEıX XÁ, Y“E ı◊Tˆ Âc˜ÏEı [˝Á ]X«bÓ Âc˜ÏEı, Â^ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ `Ã[˝›„Ã[˝Ã[˝ =YÃ[˝
◊Eı◊á˚XΩÁy %Á◊W˝YTˆÓ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ ◊Eı∂ëˆÁ ◊XL `◊N˛Ã[˝ %◊W˝EıÁÃ[˝„l˘‰y %Á◊X„Tˆ
YÁ„Ã[˝, TˆÁc˜Á[Ã ˝cÕ Y“\ˆÁ„[˝[Ã ˝ %W˝›X c˜c˜„O Tˆ c˜^Ã * c˜cO ˜Á[Ã ˝ Jª Ù[Ã ˝] V rÙÁ‹ôˆ `y”G–ÿˆô [˝Á EıÁ[Ã ˝Á[˝„à˘[Ã ˝
%[˝ÿöˆÁ* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ◊^◊X [˝µ«˘[˝Áµ˘[˝„[˝◊rÙTˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á ÿëˆÁW˝›X\ˆÁ„[˝ ]«N˛ %ÁEıÁ„` ◊[˝ªJÙÃ[˝S
Eı„Ã[˝X, EıÁÃ[˝Á[˝„à˘[Ã ˝ XÓÁÃ^ TgˆÁc˜Á[Ã ˝C AcÕ V«Å`¤ Á* `Ã[˝›[Ã ˝cÕ EıÁÃ[˝ÁG c˜, ÂVc˜Á±¡Eı[˝◊« à˘[Ã ˝÷Y
%p˚ÁXTˆÁ EıÁÃ[˝ÁÃ[˝÷Y `y”*
AcÕ EıÁÃ[˝Á[˝Áa ]X«bÓLÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ ◊ªJÙÃ[˝‹ôˆX %[˝ÿöˆÁ* %YÃ[˝Y„l˘ aÁ◊c˜TˆÓ C cÕ◊Tˆc˜Á„aÃ[˝
Y“„TˆÓEı Y úˆÁÃ^ ]X«bÓLÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁ_Á\ˆÁUÔ %V]X›Ã^ =¨ªK˜º Áa C Y“Ã^Áa ÂV◊F„Tˆ
YÁcÕ* Â^]X Ã[˝ÁLÍX◊TÊı [˝Á aÁ]Á◊LEı Âl˘‰y, ÂTˆ]◊X [˝Ó◊N˛GTˆ L›[˝„X ^«„G
^«„G AcÕ ÊªJÙrÙÁ* %Á±¡ae^], %Á±¡◊XG–c˜, a«FV«fF[˝#¤X, Stoicism, Epicu-
reanism, Asceticism, Â[˝VÁ‹ôˆ, Â[˝Ïà˘W˝∂ˆÇÔ, %Í•Tˆ[˝ÁV, ]ÁÃ^Á[˝ÁV, Ã[˝ÁL„^ÁG,
EıÁÃ[˝ÁG c˜ C ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁ 55
c˜Pˆ„^ÁG, G›TˆÁ, p˚ÁX]ÁGÔ, \ˆ◊N˛]ÁGÔ, Eı∂ˆÇÔ]ÁGÔ, --- XÁXÁ Y‹öˆÁ AEıcÕ G]ÓÿöˆÁX*
=„Å`Ó `Ã[˝›Ã[˝ LÃ^, ÿöˆ…„_Ã[˝ %Á◊W˝YTˆÓ [˝#¤X, %Á‹ôˆ◊Ã[˝Eı L›[˝„XÃ[˝ ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁ*
YÁ∏JÙÁTˆÓ ◊[˝p˚ÁX◊[˝VÀGS AcÕ ◊aà˘Á‹ôˆ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X Â^ ÿöˆ…_LGd ◊\ˆ~ %XÓ LGd
XÁcÕ, ÿöˆ…„_Ã[˝ =YÃ[˝ a…©ø Y“◊Tˆ◊úˆTˆ, a…©ø %X«\ˆ[˝ ÿöˆ…_ %X«\ˆ„[˝Ã[˝ Y“◊TÊ ı◊Tˆ ]Áy,
]X«„bÓÃ[˝ ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁ-Y“^Ã Áa [˝ÓUÔ; W˝∂ˆÇVÔ `ÔX Â[˝VÁ‹ôˆ %_›Eı EıîXÁ, a+…SÔ \…ˆTˆYE“ ı ◊Tˆ-
%Á[˝à˘ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ÂacÕ [˝µ˘X„]ÁªJÙ„X [˝Á \…ˆTˆY“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝ a›]Á =_IH„X ◊]UÓÁ ÊªJÙrÙÁ*
◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ]ÁX[˝c˜÷V„Ã^Ã[˝ A]X G…ªRÕÙTˆÃ[˝ ÿôˆ„Ã[˝ AcÕ %ÁEıÁIl˘Á ◊X◊c˜Tˆ Â^ ac˜ÿÉˆ ^«◊N˛C
TˆÁc˜Á =XΩ…_X Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ %a]UÔ* ]X«bÓ ◊[˝p˚Á„XÃ[˝ ◊aà˘Á„‹ôˆ EıFXC a‹ô«ˆrÙ UÁ◊Eı„Tˆ
YÁ„Ã[˝ XÁ* ◊ªJÙÃ[˝EıÁ_ ]X«bÓ %&rÙ Ã[˝÷„Y %X«\ˆ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á %Á◊a„Tˆ‰ªK˜X Â^ ÿöˆ…_L„Ã^
a]UÔ a…©ø[˝ÿô«ˆ TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ %\ˆÓ‹ôˆ„Ã[˝ V ªRÕÙ\ˆÁ„[˝ [˝wÔ¯]ÁX, a…©ø]Ã^ %◊W˝úˆÁTˆÁ ◊XTˆÓ]«N˛
%ÁX≥V]Ã^ Y«Ã[˝”b %Á‰ªK˜X* ÂacÕ ◊XTˆÓ]«◊N˛ C ◊X∂ˆÇÔ_ %ÁX≥V_Á\ˆ EıÃ[˝Á W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝
=„Å`Ó* AcÕ Â^ W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ =„Å`Ó, ÂacÕ ◊[˝p˚ÁXEı◊îTˆ evolution-AÃ[˝C =„Å`Ó*
◊[˝ªJÙÁÃ[˝`◊N˛ C TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ %\ˆÁ[˝ Y£ C ]X«„bÓÃ[˝ Y“E ıTˆ Â\ˆV X„c˜* Y£Ã[˝ ◊[˝ªJÙÁÃ[˝`◊N˛
%Á‰ªK˜, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ Y£„V„c˜ TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ =dEıbÔ c˜Ã^ XÁ* Y£ ]X«„bÓÃ[˝ Y“E ıTˆ Â\ˆV AcÕ
Â^ `Ã[˝›„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ◊XEıªRÙO a+…SÔ VÁa±ºˆ ÿëˆ›EıÁÃ[˝ YÁ`◊[˝Eı %[˝ÿöˆÁ, `Ã[˝›Ã[˝ LÃ^ C %Á‹ôˆ◊Ã[˝Eı
ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁÃ[˝ ÊªJÙrÙÁcÕ ]X«bÓ±ºˆ ◊[˝EıÁ`* AcÕ ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁcÕ W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ Y“W˝ÁX =„Å`Ó, cÕc˜Á„EıcÕ
]«◊N˛ [˝„_* AcÕ ]«N˛Ó„UÔ %Á]Ã[˝Á %‹ôˆfEıÃ[˝Sÿöˆ ]„XÁ]Ã^ Y“ÁS`Ã[˝›[Ã ˝„XTˆÁ„Eı p˚ÁX•ÁÃ[˝Á
◊ªJÙ◊X„Tˆ ◊Eı∂ëˆÁ Eı∂ˆÇÔ\ˆ◊N˛•ÁÃ[˝Á Y“ÁS ]X `Ã[˝›Ã[˝ %YÔS Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ a‰ªJÙrÙ c˜cÕ* ""Â^ÁGÿöˆf
E«ıÃ[˝” Eı∂ˆÇÔÁ◊S'' [˝◊_Ã^Á G›TˆÁÃ[˝ Â^ Y“W˝ÁX =Y„V` AcÕ ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁcÕ ÂacÕ G›„TˆÁN˛
Â^ÁG* %Á‹ôˆ◊Ã[˝Eı a«FV«fF ^FX [˝Á◊c˜ÓEı £\ˆÁ£\ˆ a+V◊[˝YV„Eı %Á`“Ã^ XÁ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á
ÿëˆÃêLÁTˆ, ÿëˆÃê‰Y“◊Ã[˝Tˆ, ÿëâ›]Á[˝à˘ c˜Ã^, TˆFX ]X«„bÓÃ[˝ aÁW˝ÁÃ[˝S %[˝ÿöˆÁÃ[˝ ◊[˝YÃ[˝›Tˆ
%[˝ÿöˆÁ c˜Ã^, [˝Á◊c˜ÓEı L›[˝X %Á‹ôˆ◊Ã[˝Eı L›[˝„XÃ[˝ %X«^ÁÃ^› EıÃ[˝Á ^ÁÃ^, Eı∂ˆÇÔ[˝µ˘X
◊`◊U_ c˜Ã^* G›TˆÁÃ[˝ %ÁV`Ô Y«Ã[˝”b Eı∂ˆÇÔZı„_ %Áa◊N˛ TˆÓÁG Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á Y«Ã[˝”„bÁw¯„]
Eı∂ˆÇÔa~ÓÁa Eı„Ã[˝X* ◊Tˆ◊X ""V«f„FbùX«◊•G¬]XÁf a«„Fb« ◊[˝GTˆ& c˜f'' %Á‹ôˆ◊Ã[˝Eı
ÿëˆÁTˆ‹óˆÓ _Á\ˆ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á %Á±¡Ã[˝◊Tˆ C %Á±¡a‹ôˆ« rÙ c˜cÕÃ^Á UÁ„EıX* ◊Tˆ◊X Y“ÁE ıTˆ Â_Á„EıÃ[˝
XÓÁÃ^ a«F_Á_aÁÃ^ V«fF\ˆ„Ã^ EıÁc˜ÁÃ[˝C %Á◊`“Tˆ c˜X XÁ, Y„Ã[˝Ã[˝ Vw¯ a«FV«fF G–c˜S
Eı„Ã[˝X XÁ, %UªJÙ Eı∂ˆÇÔ„\ˆÁG Eı„Ã[˝X XÁ* [˝Ã[˝e ]c˜Áae^]› ]c˜ÁY“TˆÁYÁ◊XüTˆ ÂV[˝Áa«Ã[˝
^«„à˘ Ã[˝ÁG \ˆÃ^ Ây‘ÁW˝ÁTˆ›Tˆ ]c˜ÁÃ[˝U› c˜cÕÃ^Á \ˆG[˝d‰Y“◊Ã[˝Tˆ Â^ Eı∂ˆÇÔ„^ÁG› Ã[˝Ár—Ù◊[˝Y¿[˝
W˝∂ˆÇÔ◊[˝Y¿[˝ %U[˝Á Y“◊Tˆ◊úˆTˆ Ã[˝ÁLÓ W˝∂ˆÇÔ a]ÁL Ã[˝l˘Á Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ◊XõıÁ] \ˆÁ„[˝ \ˆG[˝dEı∂ˆÇÔ
a«a+~ Eı„Ã[˝X, ◊Tˆ◊X G›TˆÁÃ[˝ Ê`“úˆ Y«Ã[˝”b*
%ÁW˝«◊XEı ^«„G %Á]Ã[˝Á X…TˆX Y«Ã[˝ÁTˆ„XÃ[˝ a◊µ˘ÿöˆ„_ =Y◊ÿöˆTˆ* ]ÁX«b [˝Ã[˝Á[˝Ã[˝cÕ

TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ G‹ôˆ[˝ÓÿöˆÁ„X %G–aÃ[˝ c˜cÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜X, a]Ã^ a]„Ã^ a]Tˆ_ \…ˆ◊] TˆÓÁG Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á
=‰¨JÙ %Á„Ã[˝Ác˜S Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ c˜Ã^, A[˝e ÂacÕÃ[˝÷Y %Á„Ã[˝Ác˜S a]„Ã^ Ã[˝Á„LÓ a]Á„L W˝„∂ˆÇÔ
p˚Á„X ◊[˝Y¿[˝ c˜Ã^* [˝wÔ¯]ÁXEıÁ„_ ÿöˆ…_ c˜cÕ„Tˆ a…„©ø %Á„Ã[˝Ác˜S Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ =„VÓÁG
ªJÙ◊_„Tˆ‰ªK˜* YÁ∏JÙÁTˆÓ È[˝p˚Á◊XEı Y◊â¯TˆGS ÿöˆ…_LG„TˆÃ[˝ Y«ÖÁX«Y«Ö YÃ[˝›l˘Á C
◊XÃ^] ◊Xà˘¤ÁÃ[˝S EıÃ[˝ÁÃ^ %Á„Ã[˝Ác˜S]Á„GÔÃ[˝ ªJÙT«ˆfYÁ`üÔÿöˆ a]Tˆ_ \…ˆ◊] Y◊Ã[˝õıÁÃ[˝ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜*
a…©øLG„Tˆ[Ã ˝ ◊[˝`Á_ [Ã ˝Á„LÓ YÁ∏JÙÁTˆÓ p˚ÁX›◊V„GÃ[˝ Y“U] YV„l˘Y c˜c˜„O Tˆ‰Kª ˜, %„X„Eı[Ã ˝
]X ÂacÕ Ã[˝ÁLÓ L„Ã^Ã[˝ %Á`ÁÃ^ Y“_«ç˘* cÕc˜Á ◊\ˆ~ %XÓ %XÓ _l˘S ÂVFÁ ^ÁcÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜
--- Â^]X %î ◊V„X ◊UÃâ◊ZıÃ[˝ ◊[˝ÿôˆÁÃ[˝, %Á„]◊Ã[˝EıÁÃ^ Â[˝VÁ„‹ôˆÃ[˝ %ÁVÃ[˝, YÁ∏JÙÁTˆÓ
V`ÔX`Á‰ÿóˆ C ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁY“SÁ_›„Tˆ \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ[˝„bÔÃ[˝ Y„Ã[˝Ál˘\ˆÁ„[˝ ◊Eı◊á˚d %Á◊W˝YTˆÓ cÕTˆÓÁ◊V*
◊Eı‹ô«ˆ a[[˝Ô‰`“úˆ _l˘S \ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝ %ÁEı◊ÿˆÇEı C %Á`ÁTˆ›Tˆ =xÁX* \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ[˝Áa›
LG„TˆÃ[˝ mÃ[˝”ÿöˆÁX %◊W˝EıÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á X…TˆX ^«G Y“[˝wÔ¯X Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ =◊Pˆ„Tˆ‰ªK˜X* TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝
aÁc˜Á„^Ó [˝◊á˚Tˆ c˜cÕ„_ YÁ∏JÙÁTˆÓGS =~◊Tˆ-‰ªJÙrÙÁÃ^ ◊aà˘EıÁ] c˜cÕ„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝„[˝X XÁ*
Â^]X %Á‹ôˆ◊Ã[˝Eı L›[˝X◊[˝EıÁ„`Ã[˝ a[[˝ÔY“W˝ÁX =YÁÃ^ÿëˆÃ[˝÷Y [˝–°˘p˚ÁX Tˆ√º¯p˚ÁX C
Â^ÁGÁ\ˆÓÁ„a \ˆÁ[Ã ˝Tˆ ◊\ˆ~ %XÓ ÂEıÁX ÂV` =dEıb_Ô Á\ˆ Eı„[Ã ˝ XÁc˜,O ÂTˆ]XcÕ ]X«bÓLÁ◊Tˆ[Ã ˝
Y“„Ã^ÁLX›Ã^ ◊ªJÙw¯£◊à˘ cÕ◊≥V–Ãâe^] [˝–°˘„TˆL TˆYfl˘]TˆÁ C ◊XõıÁ] Eı∂ˆÇÔ„^ÁG◊`l˘Á
\ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝cÕ a+◊w¯* [˝Ác˜Ó a«FV«fF„Eı TˆÁ◊¨K˜_Ó Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á %Á‹ôˆ◊Ã[˝Eı ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁ %#¤X
EıÃ[˝Á \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ[˝Áa›Ã[˝cÕ aÁW˝Ó, ◊XõıÁ] Eı„∂ˆÇÔ \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ[˝Áa›cÕ a]UÔ, %c˜·¯ÁÃ[˝-[˝#¤X C
Eı„∂ˆÇÔ ◊X◊_ÔäTˆÁ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝cÕ ◊`l˘Á C a\ˆÓTˆÁÃ[˝ ªJÙÃ[˝] =„Å`Ó [˝◊_Ã^Á LÁTˆ›Ã^ ªJÙ◊Ã[˝‰y
[˝›LÃ[˝÷„Y ◊X◊c˜Tˆ*
AcÕ EıUÁÃ[˝ ^ÁUÁUÔÓ Y“U] %Á◊_Y«Ã[˝ ÂL„_ %X«\ˆ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝_Á]* AcÕ ÂL„_
Y“ÁÃ^cÕ ÊªJÙÁÃ[˝ QˆÁEıÁTˆ c˜TˆÓÁEıÁÃ[˝› UÁ„Eı* ^◊VC Eı„Ã^V›Ã[˝ a„Ü %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ EıUÁ Eıc˜Á
◊X◊bà˘, TÛÁ◊Y EıÁ^ÔÓTˆf AcÕ ◊XÃ^] a+…SÔ YÁ_X EıÃ[˝Á c˜cÕTˆ XÁ, TˆÁc˜Á ªK˜ÁQÕˆÁ
Ã[˝gÁW˝«X› YÁ◊XCÃ^Á_Á MıÁQÕ∆ˆVÁÃ[˝ Â]c˜TˆÃ[˝ Y“\ ˆ◊Tˆ, ^Ác˜Á„VÃ[˝ aeÿÉˆ„[˝ XÁ %Á◊a„_ XÃ^,
TˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ a„Ü %„XEı a]Ã^ %[˝Á„W˝ [˝ÁEıÓÁ_ÁY c˜c˜TO ˆ* ^gÁc˜Á[Ã ˝Á %Á]ÁÃ[˝ AEı %YÃ[˝Á„W˝
%YÃ[˝ÁW˝› [˝◊_Ã^Á W˝ Tˆ, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ÁC X èa c˜TˆÓÁEıÁÃ[˝›Ã[˝ V_ Y“\ ˆ◊Tˆ V«f`“Á[˝Ó ◊[˝„`b„S
Eı_◊·¯Tˆ C ◊X◊≥VTˆ* ^◊V ÂEıÁXC ÿöˆÁ„X \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ[˝Áa›Ã[˝ ªJÙ◊Ã[˝y H SÁÃ[˝ ªJÙ„l˘ ÂV◊F„Tˆ
c˜Ã^, ^◊V ÂEıÁX %[˝ÿöˆÁÃ^ TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ◊XE ırÙ %W˝] C LHXÓ \ˆÁ„[˝Ã[˝ Y◊Ã[˝ªJÙÃ^ YÁCÃ^Á
aêˆ[˝ c˜Ã^, Tˆ„[˝ %Á◊_Y«Ã[˝ ÂL_cÕ ÂacÕ ÿöˆÁX, %Á◊_Y«„Ã[˝ EıÁÃ[˝Á[˝ÁacÕ ÂacÕ ◊XE ırÙ
c˜›X %[˝ÿöˆÁ* %Á◊] AcÕ ÿöˆÁ„X AcÕ %[˝ÿöˆÁÃ^ [˝ÁÃ[˝ ]Áa EıÁªRÙOÁcÕ_Á]* AcÕ [˝ÁÃ[˝ ]Áa
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Eı◊Ã[˝_Á]*
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Y…[[˝ÔLXΩÁ◊#¤Tˆ V«õı∂ˆÇÔZı_ _ÁH[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ ÿëˆGÔYU Y◊Ã[˝õıÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜X*
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y…‘Ã[˝TˆÁ C X›ªJÙ[˝ ◊w¯ %Á`“Ã^ Eı„Ã[˝; --- XÃ^Tˆ V«[[˝Ô_TˆÁÃ[˝ ◊XÃ[˝◊Tˆ`Ã^ ◊X„πYb„S [˝_
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EıUÁÃ^ Y“EıÁ` YÁÃ^, YÃ[˝„a[˝Á TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ÿëˆ\ˆÁ[˝-W˝∂ˆÇÔ* X∂ÉˆTˆÁÃ^ AcÕ aEı_ aVÀmS
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\ˆ◊[˝bÓd %Á^ÔÓLÁ◊Tˆ G◊PˆTˆ c˜cÕ„[˝*
=Y„Ã[˝ AEıªRÙO› %◊`◊l˘Tˆ ªJÙÁbÁÃ[˝ EıUÁ [˝◊__Á], AFX V«cÕLX ◊`◊l˘Tˆ ^«[˝„EıÃ[˝
EıUÁ [˝◊_* cÕc˜ÁÃ[˝Á c˜ÓÁ◊Ã[˝aX ÂÃ[˝Á‰QÕˆÃ[˝ Eı◊[˝Ã[˝ÁL•Ã^, X„G≥V–XÁU C W˝Ã[˝S›* cÕc˜ÁÃ[˝Á
aÁTˆ [˝daÃ[˝ a`“] EıÁÃ[˝Á[˝Áa V„â¯ V◊â¯Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜X* cÕc˜ÁÃ[˝ÁC Â^Ã[˝÷Y `Á‹ôˆ\ˆÁ„[˝,
Â^Ã[˝÷Y a‹ô«ˆrÙ]„X, AcÕ %ÁEı◊ÿˆÇEı ◊[˝Y◊w¯, AcÕ %XÓÁÃ^ Ã[˝ÁLVâ¯ ac˜Ó Eı◊Ã[˝„TˆX,
TˆÁc˜Á ÂV◊FÃ^Á %Á∏JÙ^ÔÓÁ◊XüTˆ c˜cÕ„Tˆ c˜cÕTˆ* EıFXC TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ ]«„F Ây‘ÁW˝V«rÙ [˝Á
%a◊c˜b«’TˆÁ-Y“EıÁÈı AEıªRÙO›C EıUÁ £◊X XÁcÕ* ^gÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ ÂVÁ„b ÂL_Ã[˝÷Y XÃ[˝„Eı
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T«ˆ_Ó Eı] Â_ÁEı ÂV◊FÃ^Á◊ªK˜* V«cÕL„XcÕ ]ÁX«„bÃ[˝ ◊XEıªRÙO %Á„l˘Y ◊Eı∂ëˆÁ ◊[˝W˝ÁTˆÁÃ[˝
◊XEıªRÙO XÁ◊_` XÁ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ac˜ÁaÓ ]«„F XTˆ]ÿôˆ„Eı Vâ¯ G–c˜S Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X* V«ªRÙO› \ˆÁcÕcÕ
aÁW˝Eı ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ Y“E ı◊Tˆ ◊[˝◊\ˆ~* X„G≥V– W˝›Ã[˝ Y“E ı◊Tˆ, Gêˆ›Ã[˝, [˝«◊à˘]ÁX* c˜◊Ã[˝EıUÁ C
W˝∂ˆÇÔ◊[˝b„Ã^ %Á_ÁY %TˆÓ‹ôˆ \ˆÁ_[˝Á◊a„TˆX* ^FX %Á]Á◊VG„Eı ◊X#¤X EıÁÃ[˝Á[˝Á„a
Ã[˝ÁFÁ c˜cÕ_ TˆFX ÂL„_Ã[˝ Eıw Ô¯Yl˘ ÂL„_Ã[˝ FÁªªR«ÙO◊X a]Á„ä %Á]Á◊VG„Eı [˝cÕ
Y◊QÕˆ[˝Á[Ã ˝ %X«]◊Tˆ ◊V„_X* X„G≥V– \ˆG[˝VGÀ ›TˆÁ Y◊QÕˆ„Tˆ Jª ÙÁ◊c˜^Ã Á [˝Ác˜„O [˝_ YÁc˜^ÃO Á◊ªK˜„_X*
[˝ÁcÕ„[˝_ Y◊QÕˆÃ^Á TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ]„X ◊Eı ◊Eı \ˆÁ„[˝Ã[˝ =VÃ^ c˜Ã^, EıÁPˆGQÕˆÁÃ^ [˝◊aÃ^Á %Á]ÁÃ[˝
◊XEıªRÙO TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ [˝SÔXÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„TˆX* X„G≥V– G›TˆÁ Y‰QÕˆX XÁcÕ, TÛÁ◊Y %Á∏JÙ„^ÔÓÃ[˝
a◊c˜Tˆ ÂV◊F_Á] [˝ÁcÕ„[˝„_Ã[˝ EıUÁ XÁ [˝◊_Ã^Á G›TˆÁÃ[˝ Ê`¿ÁEıÁUÔ [˝◊_„Tˆ‰ªK˜X ---
A]X◊Eı AEı AEı[˝ÁÃ[˝ ]„X c˜cÕTˆ Â^ \ˆG[˝VÀmSÁ±¡Eı ]c˜d =◊N˛aEı_ E«ıÃ[˝”„l˘‰y
`“›E ıb’-]«F-◊Xfa Tˆ =◊N˛m◊_ ÂacÕ [˝Áa«„V[˝ ]«FY≤ø c˜cÕ„Tˆ AcÕ %Á◊_Y«„Ã[˝Ã[˝
EıÁPˆGQÕˆÁÃ^ %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ ◊Xfa Tˆ c˜cÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜* G›TˆÁ XÁ Y◊QÕˆÃ^Á [˝ÁcÕ„[˝„_ G›TˆÁÃ[˝ a]TˆÁ[˝ÁV,
Eı∂ˆÇÔZı_TˆÓÁG, a[[˝Ôy <`üÃ[˝ V`ÔX cÕTˆÓÁ◊V \ˆÁ[˝ =Y_◊ç˘ EıÃ[˝Á aÁ]ÁXÓ aÁW˝XÁÃ[˝
_l˘S X„c˜* W˝Ã[˝S› X„G≥V–Ã[˝ XÓÁÃ^ [˝«◊à˘]ÁX XX, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ◊[˝X›Tˆ C ÂEıÁ]_ Y“E ı◊Tˆ,
ÿëˆ\ˆÁ[˝TˆfcÕ \ˆN˛* ◊Tˆ◊X a[[˝ÔVÁ ]ÁT ˆW˝ÓÁ„X ◊[˝„\ˆÁÃ[˝, TˆgÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ]«„FÃ[˝ Y“a~TˆÁ, aÃ[˝_
c˜ÁaÓ C ÂEıÁ]_ \ˆ◊N˛\ˆÁ[˝ ÂV◊FÃ^Á ÂL„_Ã[˝ ÂL_±ºˆ =Y_◊ç˘ EıÃ[˝Á Eı◊PˆX c˜cÕÃ^Á
Y◊QÕˆTˆ* cÕc˜Á„VÃ[˝ ÂV◊FÃ^Á ÂEı [˝◊_„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ [˝ÁÜÁ_› c˜›X %W˝]? AcÕ `◊N˛ AcÕ
]X«bÓ±ºˆ AcÕ Y◊[˝y %◊G¬ \ˆÿˆÇÃ[˝Á◊`„Tˆ _«hıÁ◊Ã^Tˆ %Á‰ªK˜ ]Áy*
c˜cO ˜Á[Ã ˝Á =\ˆ„^Ã cÕ ◊XÃ[˝Y[Ã ˝ÁW˝* ◊[˝XÁ ÂVÁ„b EıÁ[Ã ˝Á[˝à˘ c˜c˜^ÃO ÁC ◊XLm„S [˝Á ◊`l˘Á[˝„_
[˝Ác˜Ó a«FV«f„FÃ[˝ %Á◊W˝YTˆÓ %ÿëˆ›EıÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á %Á‹ôˆ◊Ã[˝Eı L›[˝„XÃ[˝ ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁ Ã[˝l˘Á
Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ al˘] c˜c˜^ÃO Á‰ªK˜X* ◊Eı‹ôˆ« ^gÁc˜Á[Ã ˝Á %YÃ[˝ÁW˝›, TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ ]„W˝ÓC LÁTˆ›^Ã Jª Ù◊[Ã ˝‰yÃ[˝
aVÀmS ◊[˝EıÁ` YÁcÕTˆ* [˝ÁÃ[˝ ]Áa %Á◊_Y«„Ã[˝ ◊ªK˜_Á], V«„ÃÊıLX ◊\ˆ~ ^Tˆ Eı„Ã^V›,
^Tˆ ÊªJÙÁÃ[˝ QˆÁEıÁTˆ F«X›Ã[˝ a„Ü %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ae`“[˝ H◊ªRÙOÃ^Á◊ªK˜_, aEı„_Ã[˝ ◊XEı‰ªRÙOcÕ
%Á]Ã[˝Á a•Ó[˝c˜ÁÃ[˝ C %X«E…ı_TˆÁ YÁcÕTˆÁ]* %ÁW˝«◊XEı-◊`l˘Á-V…◊bTˆ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó
[˝Ã[˝á˚ AaEı_ m„SÃ[˝ %\ˆÁ[˝ ÂVFÁ ^ÁÃ^* %ÁW˝«◊XEı ◊`l˘ÁÃ[˝ %„XEı mS UÁ◊Eı„Tˆ
YÁ„Ã[˝ ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ÂaÏLXÓ C ◊XfÿëˆÁUÔ YÃ[˝„a[˝Á ÂacÕ m„SÃ[˝ ]W˝ÓGTˆ X„c˜* Â^ VÃ^Á
ac˜ÁX«\ˆ… ◊Tˆ %Á^ÔÓ◊`l˘Á[Ã ˝ ]…_Ó[˝ÁX %Ü, TˆÁc˜Á AcÕ ÊªJÙÁ[Ã ˝-QˆÁEıÁ„Tˆ[Ã ˝ ]„W˝ÓC ÂV◊FTˆÁ]*
Â]c˜Tˆ[Ã ˝ MıÁQÕˆ∆ VÁÃ[˝ YÁ◊XCÃ^Á_Á„Eı ◊[˝XÁ ÂVÁ„b %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ a„Ü a„Ü ◊X#¤X EıÁ[Ã ˝Á[˝Á„aÃ[˝
V«fFEırÙ EıTÊıY◊Ã[˝]Á„S %X«\ˆ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ c˜cÕTˆ, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ TˆÁc˜Á„Tˆ AEıLXC %Á]Á„VÃ[˝
=YÃ[˝ %a‹ô«ˆ◊rÙ [˝Á Ây‘ÁW˝ Y“EıÁ` Eı„Ã[˝ XÁcÕ* ÂV`› ÂL_Ã[˝l˘Eı„VÃ[˝ ◊XEıªRÙO TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á
]Á„Mı ]Á„Mı V«fF Y“EıÁ` Eı◊Ã[˝Tˆ [˝‰ªRÙO ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ Y“a~]«„F %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ EıÁ^ÔÓ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á
^ÁcÕTˆ, A[˝e \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ ◊XEıªRÙO %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ EıÁÃ[˝Á]«◊N˛ Y“ÁUÔXÁ Eı◊Ã[˝Tˆ* AEıLX
]«a_]ÁX Eı„Ã^V› %◊\ˆ^«N˛◊VG„Eı ◊X„LÃ[˝ ÊªK˜„_„VÃ[˝ XÓÁÃ^ \ˆÁ_[˝Á◊a„TˆX, ◊[˝VÁÃ^
_cÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ a]Ã^ ◊Tˆ◊X %`“”L_ a∂ëˆÃ[˝S Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝X XÁcÕ* ÂV„`Ã[˝ L„XÓ AcÕ
_Ás˙XÁ C EırÙ„\ˆÁG [˝◊_Ã^Á %XÓ aEı_„Eı ÂVFÁcÕÃ^Á V«fF Eı◊Ã[˝„TˆX, ""ÂVF, cÕc˜ÁÃ[˝Á
\ˆV–„_ÁEı, W˝X› Â_Á„EıÃ[˝ a‹ôˆÁX, GÃ[˝›[˝V«fF›„Eı Y◊Ã[˝yÁS Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ ◊GÃ^Á cÕc˜Á„VÃ[˝ AcÕ
V«Å`¤ Á*'' ^gÁc˜Á[Ã ˝Á YÁ∏JÙÁTˆÓ a\ˆÓTˆÁ[Ã ˝ [˝QˆÕ ÁcÕ Eı„[Ã ˝X, TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ ◊Lp˚ÁaÁ Eı◊[Ã ˝, c˜eO _„â¯[Ã ˝
ÂL„_ ◊X∂oˆ‰`“S›Ã[˝ Eı„Ã^V› ÊªJÙÁÃ[˝ QˆÁEıÁTˆ F«X›Ã[˝ AcÕÃ[˝÷Y %Á±¡ae^] VÃ^ÁVÁ◊l˘SÓ
E ıTˆp˚TˆÁ YÃ[˝Á„UÔ \ˆG[˝‡ˆ◊N˛ ◊Eı ÂVFÁ ^ÁÃ^! Y“E ıTˆY„l˘ Ã^«„Ã[˝ÁY Â\ˆÁN ˛\…ˆ◊], \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ
VÁT ˆ\…ˆ◊]* ÂV[˝ C %a«Ã[˝ [˝◊_Ã^Á G›TˆÁÃ^ V«cÕ Ê`“S›Ã[˝ L›[˝ [˝◊SÔTˆ %Á‰ªK˜* \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ[˝Áa›
ÿëˆ\ˆÁ[˝Tˆf ÂV[˝Y“E ı◊Tˆ, YÁ∏JÙÁTˆÓGS ÿëˆ\ˆÁ[˝Tˆf %a«Ã[˝Y“E ı◊Tˆ* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ AcÕ ÂHÁÃ[˝ Eı◊_„Tˆ
Y◊QÕˆ^Ã Á Tˆ„]Á\ˆÁ„[˝[Ã ˝ Y“ÁW˝ÁXÓ[˝`Tˆf %Á^ÔÓ◊`l˘Á[Ã ˝ %[˝„_Á„Y ÂV„`Ã[˝ %[˝X◊Tˆ, a]Á„LÃ[˝
%[˝X◊Tˆ C [˝Ó◊N˛GTˆ %[˝X◊Tˆ„Tˆ, %Á]Ã[˝Á ◊XE ırÙ %Áa«◊Ã[˝Eı[˝ ◊w¯ aá˚Ã^ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ◊ªK˜
%ÁÃ[˝ YÁ∏JÙÁTˆÓGS %XÓ◊V„Eı LÁTˆ›Ã^ =~◊Tˆ C ]X«bÓ„±ºˆÃ[˝ y‘]◊[˝EıÁ„`Ã[˝ m„S
ÂV[˝\ˆÁ[˝ %#¤X Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜X* cÕc˜Á a„√º¯C TˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ ÂV[˝\ˆÁ„[˝ EıTÊıªRÙOÁ %a«Ã[˝±ºˆ
A[˝e %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ %Áa«◊[Ã ˝Eı \ˆÁ„[˝[Ã ˝ ]„W˝ÓC ÂV[˝\ˆÁ[˝ %&rÙ\ˆÁ„[˝ Y“Tˆ›^Ã ]ÁX* TˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝
]„W˝Ó Â^ Ê`“úˆ, ÂaC %a«Ã[˝±ºˆ a+…SÔ c˜ÁÃ[˝ÁÃ^ XÁ* ◊XE ı‰rÙ ◊XE ı‰rÙ ^FX T«ˆ_XÁ
Eı◊Ã[˝, cÕc˜ÁÃ[˝ ÛÁUÔTˆÁ TˆFX %◊Tˆ &rÙÃ[˝÷„Y Â[˝ÁMıÁ ^ÁÃ^*
AcÕ a∂ëˆ„µ˘ %„XEı EıUÁ ◊_◊F[˝Á[Ã ˝ %Á‰ªK˜, Y“[˝„µ˘[Ã ˝ %◊TˆV›HÔTˆÁ[Ã ˝ \ˆ„^Ã ◊_◊F_Á]
XÁ* Tˆ„[˝ ÂL„_ ^gÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ %ÁªJÙÃ[˝„S AcÕ %Á‹ôˆ◊Ã[˝Eı ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁ V`ÔX Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜,
TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á AcÕ ÂV[˝\ˆÁ„[˝Ã[˝ ªJÙÃ[˝] V rÙÁ‹ôˆ* AcÕ a∂ëˆ„µ˘ YÃ[˝[˝w¯fi Y“[˝„µ˘ ◊_◊F[˝ÁÃ[˝ cÕ¨K˜Á
Ã[˝◊c˜_*
%Á^ÔÓ %ÁV`Ô C mSyÃ^
""EıÁÃ[˝ÁG c˜ C ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁ''-`›bÔEı Y“[˝„µ˘ %Á◊] Eı„ÃÊıLX ◊XÃ[˝YÃ[˝ÁW˝› Eı„Ã^V›Ã[˝
]ÁX◊aEı \ˆÁ[˝ [˝SXÔ Á Eı◊[Ã ˝^Ã Á c˜cO ˜ÁcÕ Y“◊TˆY~ Eı◊[Ã ˝[˝Á[Ã ˝ ÊªJÙrÙÁ Eı◊[Ã ˝^Ã Á◊ªK˜ Â^, %Á^ÔÓ◊`l˘Á[Ã ˝
m„S EıÁÃ[˝Á[˝Á„aC \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ[˝Áa›Ã[˝ %Á‹ôˆ◊Ã[˝Eı-ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁÃ[˝÷Y ]c˜Á]…_Ó ÈYT Êıa+◊w¯
◊[˝XrÙ c˜^Ã XÁ --- =YÃ[˝‹ˆ«ô ÂHÁÃ[˝ %YÃ[˝ÁW˝›[Ã ˝ ]„W˝ÓC ÂacÕ ac˜ÿˆÉ [˝bÔ a◊á˚Tˆ %Á^ÔÓJª Ù◊[Ã ˝y-
GTˆ ÂV[˝\ˆÁ[˝C \ˆG¬Á[˝◊`rÙÃ[˝÷„Y [˝wÔ¯]ÁX UÁ„Eı* %Á^ÔÓ◊`l˘ÁÃ[˝ ]…_]‹óˆ aÁ◊√º¯Eı\ˆÁ[˝*
Â^ aÁ◊√º¯Eı, Âa ◊[˝£à˘* aÁW˝ÁÃ[˝STˆf ]X«bÓ]Á‰ycÕ %£à˘* Ã[˝„LÁm„SÃ[˝ Y“Á[˝„_Ó,
Tˆ„]Ám„SÃ[˝ ÂHÁÃ[˝ ◊X◊[˝QÕˆTˆÁÃ^ AcÕ %£◊à˘ Y◊Ã[˝Y«rÙ C [˝◊à˘¤Tˆ c˜Ã^* ]„XÃ[˝ ]Á◊_XÓ
V«cÕ Y“EıÁÃ[˝, --- LQÕˆTˆÁ, [˝Á %Y“[˝ ◊w¯L◊XTˆ ]Á◊_XÓ; cÕc˜Á Tˆ„]ÁmSY“a…Tˆ* ◊•Tˆ›Ã^,
--- =„w¯LXÁ [˝Á E«ıY“[˝ ◊w¯L◊XTˆ ]Á◊_XÓ; cÕc˜Á Ã[˝„LÁmSY“a…Tˆ* Tˆ„]Ám„SÃ[˝ _l˘S
%p˚ÁX„]Ác˜, [˝«◊à˘Ã[˝ ÿöˆ…_TˆÁ, ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁÃ[˝ %ae_G¬TˆÁ, %Á_aÓ, %◊Tˆ◊XV–Á, Eı„∂ˆÇÔ
%Á_aÓL◊XTˆ ◊[˝Ã[˝◊N˛, ◊XÃ[˝Á`Á, ◊[˝bÁV, \ˆÃ^, AEı EıUÁÃ^ ^Ác˜Á ◊EıªK«˜ ◊X‰∏JÙrÙTˆÁÃ[˝
Y◊Ã[˝„YÁbEı TˆÁc˜ÁcÕ* LQÕˆTˆÁ C %Y“[˝ ◊w¯ %p˚Á„XÃ[˝ Zı_, =„w¯LXÁ C E«ıY“[˝ ◊w¯
}Á‹ôˆp˚ÁXaê…ˆTˆ* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ Tˆ„]Á]Á◊_XÓ %Y„XÁVX Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ c˜cÕ„_ Ã[˝„LÁm„SÃ[˝ =‰V–Eı
•ÁÃ[˝ÁcÕ TˆÁc˜Á V…Ã[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ c˜Ã^* Ã[˝„LÁmScÕ Y“[˝ ◊w¯Ã[˝ EıÁÃ[˝S A[˝e Y“[˝ ◊w¯cÕ ◊X[˝ ◊w¯Ã[˝
Y“U] ÂaÁYÁX* Â^ LQÕˆ, Âa ◊X[˝ w¯ XÃ^, --- LQÕˆ\ˆÁ[˝ p˚ÁX`…XÓ, %ÁÃ[˝ p˚ÁXcÕ
◊X[˝ ◊w¯Ã[˝ ]ÁGÔ* EıÁ]XÁ`…XÓ c˜cÕÃ^Á Â^ Eı„∂ˆÇÔ Y“[˝ w¯ c˜Ã^, Âa ◊X[˝ w¯; Eı∂ˆÇÔTˆÓÁG
◊X[˝ ◊w¯ XÃ^* ÂacÕ LXÓ \ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝ ÂHÁÃ[˝ TˆÁ]◊aEı %[˝ÿöˆÁ ÂV◊FÃ^Á ÿëˆÁ]› ◊[˝„[˝EıÁX≥V
[˝◊_„TˆX, ""Ã[˝„LÁmS ªJÙÁcÕ, ÂV„` Eı∂ˆÇÔ[˝›Ã[˝ ªJÙÁcÕ, Y“[˝ ◊w¯Ã[˝ Y“ªJÙâ¯ ÊÿÉˆÁTˆ [˝ßEı*
TˆÁc˜Á„Tˆ ^◊V YÁYC %Á◊aÃ^Á Y‰QÕˆ, TˆÁc˜ÁC AcÕ TˆÁ]◊aEı ◊X‰∏JÙrÙTˆÁ %„Yl˘Á
ac˜ÿÉˆm„S \ˆÁ_*''
aTˆÓcÕ %Á]Ã[˝Á ÂHÁÃ[˝ Tˆ„]Á]„W˝Ó ◊X]G¬ c˜c˜^ÃO Á a√º¯m„SÃ[˝ ÂVÁc˜ÁcÕ ◊VÃ^Á ]c˜ÁaÁ◊√º¯Eı
aÁ◊LÃ^Á [˝QÕˆÁcÕ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ◊ªK˜* %„X„EıÃ[˝ AcÕ ]Tˆ ÂV◊F„Tˆ YÁcÕ Â^, %Á]Ã[˝Á aÁ◊√º¯Eı
[˝◊_Ã^ÁcÕ Ã[˝ÁL◊aEı LÁ◊TâEı_ •ÁÃ[˝Á YÃ[˝Á◊LTˆ, aÁ◊√º¯Eı [˝◊_Ã^Á AcÕÃ[˝÷Y %[˝XTˆ
C %W˝fY◊TˆTˆ* TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á AcÕ ^«◊N˛ ÂVFÁcÕÃ^Á F rÙW˝∂ˆÇÔ c˜cÕ„Tˆ ◊c˜≥V«W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ Ê`“úˆTˆÁ
Y“◊TˆY~ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ a‰ªJÙrÙ* F rÙÁXLÁ◊Tˆ Y“TˆÓl˘Zı_[˝ÁV›, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ B◊c˜Eı Zı_
ÂVFÁcÕÃ^Á W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ Ê`“úˆTˆÁ Y“◊TˆYÁVX Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ ÊªJÙrÙÁ Eı„Ã[˝X; TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á [˝„_X ---
F rÙÁXLÁ◊TˆcÕ LG„Tˆ Y“[˝_, %TÂ[˝ F rÙÁX W˝∂ˆÇÔ Ê`“úˆ W˝∂ˆÇÔ* %ÁÃ[˝ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó
%„X„Eı [˝„_X --- cÕc˜Á }]; B◊c˜Eı Zı_ ÂV◊FÃ^Á W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ Ê`“úˆTˆÁ ◊XSÔÃ^ EıÃ[˝Á ^ÁÃ^
%Á^ÔÓ %ÁV`Ô C mSyÃ^ 63
XÁ, YÁÃ[˝„_Ï◊EıEı Zı_ ÂV◊F„Tˆ c˜Ã^; ◊c˜≥V«Ã[˝Á %◊W˝Eı W˝Á◊∂ˆÇÔEı [˝◊_Ã^Á, %a«Ã[˝Y“E ı◊Tˆ
[˝_[˝ÁX YÁ∏JÙÁTˆÓLÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ %W˝›X c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ AcÕ ^«◊N˛Ã[˝ ]„W˝Ó %Á^ÔÓp˚ÁX◊[˝„Ã[˝ÁW˝›
ÂHÁÃ[˝ }] ◊X◊c˜Tˆ* a√º¯mS EıFXcÕ %[˝X◊TˆÃ[˝ EıÁÃ[˝S c˜cÕ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ XÁ* A]X◊Eı
a√º¯Y“W˝ÁX LÁ◊Tˆ VÁa±ºˆ-` Ö◊_Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á UÁ◊Eı„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ XÁ* [˝–°˘„TˆLcÕ a√º¯m„SÃ[˝
]«FÓZı_, l˘y„TˆL [˝–°˘„Tˆ„LÃ[˝ ◊\ˆ◊w¯* %ÁHÁTˆ YÁcÕ„_ `Á‹ôˆ [˝–°˘„TˆL c˜cÕ„Tˆ
l˘y„Tˆ„LÃ[˝ ÿˆè«ı◊_Ü ◊XGÔTˆ c˜Ã^, ªJÙÁ◊Ã[˝◊VEı Lù◊_Ã^Á =‰Pˆ* Â^FÁ„X l˘y„TˆL XÁcÕ,
ÂaFÁ„X [˝–°˘„TˆL ◊ªRÙO◊Eı„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ XÁ* ÂV„` ^◊V AEıLX Y“E ıTˆ [˝–Á°˘S UÁ„Eı Âa
AEı` l˘◊≈yÃ^ a ◊rÙ Eı„Ã[˝* ÂV„`Ã[˝ %[˝X◊TˆÃ[˝ EıÁÃ[˝S a√º¯m„SÃ[˝ %Á◊Tˆ`^Ó XÃ^,
[Ã ˝„LÁm„SÃ[˝ %\ˆÁ[˝, Tˆ„]Ám„SÃ[˝ Y“ÁW˝ÁXÓ* [Ã ˝„LÁm„SÃ[˝ %\ˆÁ„[˝ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ %‹ôˆ◊XÔ◊c˜Tˆ
a√º¯ ∂⁄ˆÁX c˜cÕÃ^Á Tˆ„]Á]„W˝Ó mä c˜cÕÃ^Á Y◊QÕˆ_* %Á_aÓ, Â]Ác˜, %p˚ÁX, %Y“[˝ ◊w¯,
◊XÃ[˝Á`Á, ◊[˝bÁV, ◊X‰∏JÙrÙÁÃ[˝ a„Ü a„Ü ÂV„`Ã[˝ V«Å¤`Á %[˝X◊TˆC [˝◊à˘¤Tˆ c˜cÕ„Tˆ
_Á◊G_* AcÕ Â]H Y“U„] _H« C ◊[˝Ã[˝_ ◊ªK˜_, EıÁ„_Ã[˝ G◊Tˆ„Tˆ y‘]`f ATˆV…Ã[˝
◊X◊[˝QÕˆTˆÃ[˝ c˜cÕÃ^Á Y◊QÕˆ_, %p˚ÁX %µ˘EıÁ„Ã[˝ Q«ˆ◊[˝Ã^Á %Á]Ã[˝Á A]X ◊X‰∏JÙrÙ C
]c˜VÁEıÁIl˘Á[˝◊#¤Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á Y◊QÕˆ_Á] Â^, \ˆG[˝d‰Y“◊Ã[˝Tˆ ]c˜ÁY«Ã[˝”bG„SÃ[˝ =V„Ã^C
ÂacÕ %µ˘EıÁÃ[˝ Y…SÔ ◊Tˆ„Ã[˝Á◊c˜Tˆ c˜cÕ_ XÁ* TˆFX a…^ÔÓ-\ˆG[˝ÁX Ã[˝„LÁmSL◊XTˆ
Y“[˝ ◊w¯ •ÁÃ[˝Á ÂV`Ã[˝l˘ÁÃ[˝ a·¯î Eı◊Ã[˝„_X*
LÁG–Tˆ Ã[˝Lf`◊N˛ Y“ªJÙâ¯\ˆÁ„[˝ EıÁ^ÔÓEıÃ[˝› c˜cÕ„_ Tˆ]f Y_ÁÃ^„XÁVÓTˆ c˜Ã^ [˝‰ªRÙO
◊Eı‹ô«ˆ %XÓ◊V„Eı Âÿëˆ¨K˜ÁªJÙÁÃ[˝, E«ıY“[˝ ◊w¯ C =ÅÁ] =¨K ˜Ö_TˆÁ Y“\ ˆ◊Tˆ %Áa«◊Ã[˝Eı \ˆÁ[˝
%Á◊a[˝ÁÃ[˝ %Á`·¯Á* Ã[˝Lf`◊N˛ ^◊V ÿëˆ ÿëˆ ÊY“Ã[˝SÁÃ^ =XΩw¯TˆÁÃ[˝ ◊[˝`Á_ Y“[˝ ◊w¯Ã[˝
=VÃ[˝Y…Ã[˝S„EıcÕ _l˘Ó Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á EıÁ^ÔÓ Eı„Ã[˝, TˆÁc˜Á c˜cÕ„_ AcÕ %Á`·¯ÁÃ[˝ ^„UrÙ EıÁÃ[˝SC
%Á‰ªK˜* Ã[˝„LÁmS =¨K ˜Ö_\ˆÁ„[˝ ÿëˆYUGÁ]› c˜cÕ„_ %◊W˝EıEıÁ_ ◊ªRÙO◊Eı„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ XÁ,
zıÁ◊‹ôˆ %Á„a, Tˆ]f %Á„a, Y“ªJÙâ¯ Mı◊ªRÙOEıÁÃ[˝ Y„Ã[˝ %ÁEıÁ` ◊X∂ˆÇÔ_ Y◊Ã[˝õıÁÃ[˝ XÁ c˜cÕÃ^Á
Â]HÁ¨K˜~ [˝ÁÃ^«&≥VXÃ[˝◊c˜Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á Y‰QÕˆ* Ã[˝Ár—Ù◊[˝Y¿„[˝Ã[˝ Y„Ã[˝ Z–ıÁ„≥aÃ[˝ AcÕ Y◊Ã[˝SÁ]
c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜* ÂacÕ Ã[˝Ár—Ù◊[˝Y¿„[˝ Ã[˝„LÁm„SÃ[˝ \ˆ›bS Y“ÁV«\ˆ¤Á[˝, ◊[˝Y¿[˝Á„‹ôˆ ªTˆÁ]◊aEıTˆÁÃ[˝
%îÁ◊W˝Eı Y«X[Ã ˝”xÁX, %Á[˝Á[Ã ˝ [Ã ˝Ár—Ù◊[˝Y[¿ ˝, %Á[˝Á[Ã ˝ zıÁ◊‹ôˆ, `◊N˛c˜›XTˆÁ, ÈX◊TÊı %[˝X◊Tˆ,
cÕc˜ÁcÕ GTˆ `Tˆ[˝„bÔ Z–ıÁ„≥aÃ[˝ cÕ◊Tˆc˜Áa* ^Tˆ[˝ÁÃ[˝ aÁ]Ó-Í]y›-ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁÃ[˝÷Y %ÁV`Ô-
L◊XTˆ aÁ◊√º¯Eı ÊY“Ã[˝SÁ Z–ıÁ„≥aÃ[˝ Y“Á„S LÁ◊GÃ^Á‰ªK˜, TˆTˆ[˝ÁÃ[˝cÕ y‘]`f Ã[˝„LÁmS
Y“[˝_ c˜cÕÃ^Á a√º¯„a[˝Á◊[˝]«F %Áa«◊Ã[˝Eı\ˆÁ„[˝ Y◊Ã[˝S◊Tˆ _Á\ˆ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ÿëˆY“[˝ ◊w¯Y…Ã[˝„S
^±Ûˆ[˝ÁX c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜* Zı_Tˆf, Tˆ„]Ám„SÃ[˝ Y«XÃ[˝Á◊[˝\ˆ¤Á„[˝ Z–ıÁ≥a TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Y…[[˝Ôa◊á˚Tˆ
]c˜Á`◊N˛ c˜ÁÃ[˝ÁcÕÃ^Á ◊∂ÉˆÃ^]ÁS ◊[˝b] %[˝ÿöˆÁÃ^ c˜◊Ã[˝∏JÙ‰≥V–Ã[˝ ]Tˆ XÁ ÿëˆ„GÔ XÁ ]„wÔ¯Ó
VÒÁQÕˆÁc˜^ÃO Á [Ã ˝◊c˜^Ã Á‰ªK˜* Ac˜[ÃO ˝÷Y Y◊Ã[˝SÁ] AQÕˆÁc˜[O ˝Á[Ã ˝ AEı]Áy =YÁÃ^ Y“[˝_ [Ã ˝Lf`◊N˛„Eı
a√º¯-„a[˝ÁÃ^ ◊X^«N˛ EıÃ[˝Á* ^◊V aÁ◊√º¯Eı\ˆÁ[˝ LÁG–Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á Ã[˝Lf`◊N˛Ã[˝ ªJÙÁ_Eı c˜Ã^,
TˆÁc˜Á c˜cÕ„_ Tˆ„]Ám„SÃ[˝ Y«Xf Y“ÁV«\ˆ¤Á„[˝Ã[˝ \ˆÃ^C XÁcÕ, =ÅÁ] `◊N˛C ` Ö◊_Tˆ
◊XÃ^◊‹óˆTˆ c˜c˜^ÃO Á =¨JÙ %ÁV„`Ô[Ã ˝ [˝„` ÂV„`Ã[˝ C LG„Tˆ[Ã ˝ ◊c˜TâÁW˝X Eı„[Ã ˝* a„√º¯Á‰V–„Eı[Ã ˝
=YÁÃ^ W˝∂ˆÇÔ\ˆÁ[˝ --- ÿëˆÁUÔ„Eı Q«ˆ[˝ÁcÕÃ^Á YÃ[˝Á„UÔ a]ÿôˆ `◊N˛ %YÔS --- \ˆG[˝ÁX„Eı
%Á±¡a]YÔS Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á a]ÿôˆ L›[˝X„Eı AEı ]c˜Á C Y◊[˝y ^„p˚ Y◊Ã[˝STˆ EıÃ[˝Á*
G›TˆÁÃ^ Eı◊UTˆ %Á‰ªK˜, a√º¯Ã[˝Lf =\ˆ„Ã^ Tˆ]f XÁ` Eı„Ã[˝; AEıÁ a√º¯ EıFX Tˆ]f„Eı
YÃ[˝ÁLÃ^ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ XÁ* ÂacÕLXÓ \ˆG[˝ÁX %W˝«XÁ W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ Y«XÃ[˝”xÁX EıÃ[˝ÁcÕÃ^Á
%Á]Á„VÃ[˝ %‹ôˆ◊XÔ◊c˜Tˆ a√º¯„Eı LÁGÁc˜^ÃO Á Y„Ã[˝ [Ã ˝Lf`◊N˛„Eı ÂV`]Ã^ Kª ˜QˆÕ Ác˜^ÃO Á ◊VÃ^Á‰ªK˜X*
Ã[˝Á]„]Ác˜X Ã[˝ÁÃ^ Y“\ ˆ◊Tˆ W˝„∂ˆÇÔÁY„VÈı ]c˜Á±¡ÁGS a√º¯„Eı Y«XÃ[˝”Å›◊YTˆ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á
X[˝^«G Y“[˝wÔ¯X Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ◊VÃ^Á‰ªK˜X* >X◊[˝e` `TˆÁå›„Tˆ W˝∂ˆÇÔLG„Tˆ Â^]X LÁGÃ[˝S
c˜cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜_, Ã[˝ÁLX›◊Tˆ [˝Á a]Á„L ÂTˆ]X c˜Ã^ XÁcÕ* EıÁÃ[˝S Âl˘y Y“ÿô«ˆTˆ ◊ªK˜_ XÁ,
ÂacÕLXÓ Y“ªJ«ÙÃ[˝ [˝›L [˝◊YTˆ c˜cÕÃ^ÁC àÓ ÂVFÁ ÂVÃ^ XÁcÕ* cÕc˜Á„TˆC \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ[˝„bÔÃ[˝
=YÃ[˝ \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ VÃ^Á C Y“a~TˆÁ [˝«MıÁ ^ÁÃ^* Ã[˝ÁL◊aEı \ˆÁ[˝Y“a…Tˆ LÁGÃ[˝S EıFXC
ÿöˆÁÃ^› [˝Á Y…SÔ Eı_ÓÁSY“V c˜cÕ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ XÁ* TˆdY…„[[˝Ô LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ %‹ôˆ„Ã[˝ EıTÊıÁe„`
[˝–°˘„TˆL =Å›◊YTˆ c˜CÃ^Á %Á[˝`ÓEı* ÂacÕLXÓ ATˆ◊VX Ã[˝Lf`◊N˛Ã[˝ ÊÿÉˆÁTˆ Ã[˝”à˘
◊ªK˜_* 1905 F rÙÁ„å Ã[˝Lf`◊N˛Ã[˝ Â^ ◊[˝EıÁ` c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜ TˆÁc˜Á aÁ◊√º¯Eı\ˆÁ[˝ Y…SÔ*
AcÕ ◊X◊]w¯ cÕc˜Á„Tˆ Â^ =ÅÁ]\ˆÁ[˝ ÂVFÁ ◊VÃ^Á‰ªK˜ TˆÁc˜Á„TˆC %Á`·¯ÁÃ[˝ ◊[˝„`b EıÁÃ[˝S
XÁcÕ, ÂEıXXÁ cÕc˜Á Ã[˝LfaÁ◊√º¯„EıÃ[˝ ÂF_Á; A ÂF_ÁÃ^ ^Ác˜Á ◊EıªK«˜ =ÅÁ] [˝Á =¨K ˜Ö_
\ˆÁ[˝ TˆÁc˜Á %◊ªJÙ„[Ã ˝ ◊XÃ^◊]Tˆ C ` Ö◊_Tˆ c˜c˜„O [˝c˜*O [˝Ác˜Ó`◊N˛Ã[˝ •ÁÃ[˝Á X„c˜, ◊\ˆTˆ„[Ã ˝
Â^ [˝°– ˘„TˆL, Â^ aÁ◊√º¯Eı\ˆÁ[˝, TˆÁc˜Á •ÁÃ[˝ÁcÕ c˜cO ˜Á [˝`›\…ˆTˆ C ◊XÃ^◊]Tˆ c˜c˜„O [˝* W˝∂ˆÇ\Ô ˆÁ[˝
Y“Jª ÙÁ[Ã ˝ Eı◊[Ã ˝^Ã Á %Á]Ã[˝Á ÂacÕ [˝°– ˘„TˆL C aÁ◊√º¯Eı\ˆÁ„[˝[Ã ˝ ÂYÁbEıTˆÁ Eı◊[Ã ˝„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝ ]Áy*
Y…„[[˝ÔcÕ [˝◊_Ã^Á◊ªK˜ YÃ[˝Á„UÔ a[[˝Ô`◊N˛ ◊X„Ã^ÁG EıÃ[˝Á a„√º¯Á‰V–„EıÃ[˝ AEı =YÁÃ^*
%ÁÃ[˝ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ Ã[˝ÁLX›◊TÊı LÁGÃ[˝„S AcÕ \ˆÁ„[˝Ã[˝ ^„UrÙ Y“]ÁS YÁCÃ^Á ^ÁÃ^* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ
AcÕ \ˆÁ[˝ Ã[˝l˘Á EıÃ[˝Á Eı◊PˆX* Â^]X [˝Ó◊N˛Ã[˝ Y„l˘ Eı◊PˆX LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ Y„l˘ %ÁÃ[˝C
Eı◊PˆX* YÃ[˝Á„UÔÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó ÿëˆÁUÔ %_◊l˘Tˆ\ˆÁ„[˝ ªK«˜◊ªRÙOÃ^Á %Á„a A[˝e ^◊V %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ [˝«◊à˘
◊[˝£à˘ XÁ c˜Ã^, A]X }„] Y◊TˆTˆ c˜cÕ„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝ Â^ %Á]Ã[˝Á YÃ[˝Á„UÔÃ[˝ ÂVÁc˜ÁcÕ ◊VÃ^Á
ÿëˆÁUÔ„Eı %Á`“Ã^ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á YÃ[˝◊c˜Tˆ, ÂV`◊c˜Tˆ, ]X«bÓLÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ ◊c˜Tˆ Q«ˆ[˝ÁcÕ[˝ %UªJÙ ◊X„LÃ[˝
}] [˝«◊Mı„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝[˝ XÁ* \ˆG[˝d„a[˝Á a„√º¯Á‰V–„EıÃ[˝ %XÓ =YÁÃ^* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ÂacÕ Y„UC
◊c˜„Tˆ ◊[˝YÃ[˝›Tˆ c˜cÕ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝, \ˆG[˝daÁ◊~W˝ÓÃ[˝÷Y %ÁX≥V YÁcÕÃ^Á %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ aÁ◊√º¯Eı-
◊X‰∏JÙrÙTˆÁ L◊XΩ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝, ÂacÕ %ÁX„≥VÃ[˝ %ÁÿëˆÁV Â\ˆÁG Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ V«fFEıÁTˆÃ[˝
ÂV„`Ã[˝ Y“◊Tˆ C ]ÁX[˝LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ Âa[˝ÁÃ^ Y∏JÙÁVÀ]«F c˜cÕ„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝* cÕc˜ÁcÕ aÁ◊√º¯Eı\ˆÁ„[˝Ã[˝
[˝µ˘X* Â^]X Ã[˝ÁL◊aEı %c˜·¯ÁÃ[˝ %Á‰ªK˜, ÂTˆ]◊X aÁ◊√º¯Eı %c˜·¯ÁÃ[˝C %Á‰ªK˜* Â^]X
YÁY ]X«bÓ„Eı [˝à˘ Eı„Ã[˝, ÂTˆ]◊X Y«SÓC [˝à˘ Eı„Ã[˝* a+…SÔ [˝ÁaXÁ`…XÓ c˜cÕÃ^Á
%c˜·¯ÁÃ[˝ TˆÓÁGY…[[˝ÔEı \ˆG[˝ÁX„Eı %Á±¡a]YÔS XÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„_ Y…SÔ ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁ XÁcÕ* AcÕ
V«ªRÙO› %◊XrÙ TˆÓÁG Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ c˜cÕ„_ Y“U] ◊[˝£à˘ [˝«◊à˘Ã[˝ VÃ[˝EıÁÃ[˝* ÂVc˜Á±¡Eı [˝«◊à˘
[˝#¤X Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ]ÁX◊aEı ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁ %#¤X EıÃ[˝ÁcÕ [˝«◊à˘-„`ÁW˝„XÃ[˝ Y…[[˝Ô[˝w¯fi %[˝ÿöˆÁ*
]X ÿëˆÁW˝›X c˜cÕ„_ L›„[˝Ã[˝ %ÁÃ^w¯ c˜Ã^, Y„Ã[˝ ]X„Eı LÃ^ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á [˝«◊à˘Ã[˝ %Á`“„Ã^
]ÁX«b ÿëˆÁ„UÔ[Ã ˝ c˜ÁTˆ c˜c˜„O Tˆ %„XEıRª ÙÁO Y◊Ã[˝yÁS _Á\ˆ Eı„[Ã ˝* c˜cO ˜Á„TˆC ÿëˆÁUÔ a+…S\Ô ˆÁ„[˝
%Á]Á◊VG„Eı TˆÓÁG Eı„Ã[˝ XÁ* Â`b ÿëˆÁUÔ ]«]«l«˘±ºˆ, YÃ[˝V«fF„Eı \«ˆ◊_Ã^Á ◊X„LÃ[˝
%ÁX„≥V Â\ˆÁ[Ã ˝ c˜c˜^ÃO Á UÁ◊Eı[˝Á[Ã ˝ c˜Ö K˜Á* c˜cO ˜ÁC TˆÓÁG Eı◊[Ã ˝„Tˆ c˜^Ã * a[[˝\Ô ˆ… „Tˆ XÁÃ[˝Á^Ã S„Eı
=Y_◊ç˘ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ÂacÕ a[[˝Ô\…ˆTˆÿöˆ XÁÃ[˝ÁÃ^„SÃ[˝ Âa[˝Á cÕc˜ÁÃ[˝ DbW˝; cÕc˜ÁcÕ a√º¯m„SÃ[˝
YÃ[˝ÁEıÁúˆÁ* cÕc˜Á c˜cÕ„TˆC =¨JÙTˆÃ[˝ %[˝ÿöˆÁ %Á‰ªK˜, TˆÁc˜Á a√º¯mS„EıC %◊Tˆy‘]
Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á mSÁTˆ›Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á a+…SÔ\ˆÁ„[˝ \ˆG[˝ÁX„Eı %Á`“Ã^ EıÃ[˝Á* mSÁTˆ›„TˆÓÃ[˝ [˝SÔXÁ
G›TˆÁÃ^ Eı◊UTˆ %Á‰ªK˜, Â^]X ---
XÁXÓe m„S\ˆÓf EıwÔ¯ÁÃ[˝e ^VÁ V–rÙÁõX«Y`Ó◊Tˆ*

m„S\ˆÓ∏JÙ YÃ[˝e Â[˝◊w¯ ]‡ˆÁ[˝e ÂaÁõ˜◊W˝G¨K˜◊Tˆ**
mSÁ„XTˆÁXTˆ›TˆÓ y›XÀ ÂVc˜› ÂVcã]«‡ˆ[˝ÁXÀ*
LXΩ] T«ˆÓLÃ[˝ÁV«fÍF◊[˝Ô]«„N˛Áõ˜] Tˆ]`¬«„Tˆ**
Y“EıÁ`á˚ Y“[˝ ◊w¯á˚˚ Â]Ác˜„][˝ ªJÙ YÁâ¯[˝*
X Â•◊rÙ aeY“[˝ w¯Á◊X X ◊X[˝ w¯Á◊X EıÁIl˘◊Tˆ**
=VÁa›X[˝VÁa›„XÁ mÍS„^ÔÁ X ◊[˝ªJÙÁ_Ó„Tˆ*
mSÁ [˝wÔ¯‹ôˆ cÕ„TˆÓ[˝ Â^Áõ˜[˝◊Tˆúˆ◊Tˆ ÂXÜ„Tˆ**
a]V«fFa«Ff ÿëˆÿöˆf a]„_ÁrÙÁ`ΩEıÁá˚Xf*
T«ˆ_Ó◊Y“Ã^Á◊Y“„Ã^Á W˝›Ã[˝ÿô«ˆ_Ó◊X≥VÁ±¡aeÿô«ˆ◊Tˆf**
]ÁXÁY]ÁX„Ã^Áÿô«ˆ_Óÿô«ˆ„_ÓÁ ◊]yÁ◊Ã[˝Yl˘„Ã^Áf*
a[[˝ÔÁÃ[˝êˆY◊Ã[˝TˆÓÁG› mSÁTˆ›Tˆf a =ªJÙÓ„Tˆ**
]Áá˚ Â^Áõ˜[˝Ó◊\ˆªJÙÁ„Ã[˝S \ˆ◊N˛„^Á„GX Âa[˝„Tˆ*
a mSÁXÀ a]Tˆ›ÍTˆÓTˆÁXÀ [˝–°˘\…ˆÃ^ÁÃ^ Eıî„Tˆ**
""^FX L›[˝ aÁl˘› c˜cÕÃ^Á mSyÃ^ %UÔÁd \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ ÈymSÓ]Ã^› `◊N˛„EıcÕ

AEı]Áy EıwÔ¯Á [˝◊_Ã^Á ÂV„F A[˝e AcÕ mSy„Ã^Ã[˝C =YÃ[˝ `◊N˛Ã[˝ ÊY“Ã[˝Eı
<`üÃ[˝„Eı LÁ◊X„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝, TˆFX Âa-cÕ \ˆG[˝d-aÁW˝∂ˆÇÔÓ _Á\ˆ Eı„Ã[˝* TˆFX ÂVc˜ÿöˆ
L›[˝ ÿöˆ…_ C a…©ø AcÕ V«cÕ Y“EıÁÃ[˝ ÂVcãê…ˆTˆ mSyÃ^„Eıˆ %◊Tˆy‘] Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á LXΩ
] Tˆ« Ó LÃ[˝ÁV«fF c˜c˜„O Tˆ ◊[˝]N« ˛ c˜c˜^ÃO Á %]Ã[˝±ˆº Â\ˆÁG Eı„[Ã ˝* a√º¯L◊XTˆ p˚ÁX, [Ã ˝„LÁL◊XTˆ
Y“[˝ ◊w¯ [˝Á Tˆ„]ÁL◊XTˆ ◊XV–Á ◊X‰∏JÙrÙÁ }]ÿëˆÃ[˝÷Y Â]Ác˜ %Á◊a„_ ◊[˝Ã[˝N˛ c˜Ã^ XÁ,
AcÕ mSy„Ã^Ã[˝ %ÁG]X ◊XGÔ]„X a]ÁX \ˆÁ[˝ Ã[˝Á◊FÃ^Á =VÁa›„XÃ[˝ XÓÁÃ^ ◊ÿöˆÃ[˝ c˜cÕÃ^Á
UÁ„Eı, mSG–Á] TˆÁc˜Á„Eı ◊[˝ªJÙ◊_Tˆ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ XÁ, AcÕ a[˝cÕ m„SÃ[˝ ÿëˆW˝∂ˆÇÔLÁTˆ
[˝ ◊w¯ [˝◊_Ã^Á V ªRÕÙ UÁ„Eı* ^Ác˜ÁÃ[˝ Y„l˘ a«FV«fF a]ÁX, ◊Y“Ã^Á◊Y“Ã^ a]ÁX, ◊X≥VÁÿô«ˆ◊Tˆ
a]ÁX, EıÁá˚X Â_Ár—Ù =\ˆÃ^cÕ Y“ÿôˆ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ T«ˆ_Ó, Â^ W˝›Ã[˝◊ÿöˆÃ[˝, ◊X„LÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó %ªRÙO_,
^Ác˜ÁÃ[˝ ◊XEıªRÙO ]ÁX-%Y]ÁX AEıcÕ, ◊]yYl˘ C `y”Yl˘ a]ÁX ◊Y“Ã^, Â^ ÿëˆÃê
ÊY“◊Ã[˝Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á ÂEıÁX EıÁ^ÔÓÁÃ[˝êˆ Eı„Ã[˝ XÁ, aEı_ Eı∂ˆÇÔ \ˆG[˝ÁX„Eı a]YÔS Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á
TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝cÕ ÊY“Ã[˝SÁÃ^ Eı∂ˆÇÔ Eı„Ã[˝, TˆÁc˜Á„EıcÕ mSÁTˆ›Tˆ [˝„_* Â^ %Á]Á„Eı ◊X„Å¤Áb
\ˆ◊N˛„^Á„G Âa[˝Á Eı„Ã[˝, Âa-cÕ AcÕ ◊TˆX mS„Eı %◊Tˆy‘] Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á [˝–°˘Y“Á◊äÃ[˝
=Y^«N˛ c˜Ã^*''
AcÕ mSÁTˆ›Tˆ %[˝ÿöˆÁ _Á\ˆ aEı„_Ã[˝ aÁW˝Ó XÁ c˜cÕ„_C TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Y…[[˝Ô[˝w¯fi %[˝ÿöˆÁ
_Á\ˆ a√º¯Y“W˝ÁX Y«Ã[˝”„bÃ[˝ %aÁW˝Ó X„c˜* aÁ◊√º¯Eı %c˜·¯ÁÃ[˝„Eı TˆÓÁG Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á LG„TˆÃ[˝
aEı_ EıÁ„^ÔÓ \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ ËymSÓ]Ã^› `◊N˛Ã[˝ _›_Á ÂVFÁ cÕc˜ÁÃ[˝ a[[˝ÔY“U] =Yy‘]*
c˜cO ˜Á [˝◊« Mı^Ã Á aÁ◊√º¯Eı Eıw¯Ô Á Eıw¯Ô ±ˆº -%◊\ˆ]ÁX TˆÓÁ„G \ˆG[˝Á„X a+…SÔ %Á±¡a]YÔSY…[[˝EÔ ı
Eı∂ˆÇÔ Eı„Ã[˝X*
mSyÃ^ C mSÁTˆ›TˆÓ a∂ëˆ„µ˘ ^Ác˜Á [˝◊__Á], TˆÁc˜Á G›TˆÁÃ[˝ ]…_ EıUÁ* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ
AcÕ ◊`l˘Á aÁW˝ÁÃ[˝STˆf G c˜›Tˆ c˜Ã^ XÁcÕ, %ÁL Y^ÔÓ‹ôˆ ^Ác˜Á„Eı %Á]Ã[˝Á %Á^ÔÓ◊`l˘Á
[˝◊_, TˆÁc˜Á Y“ÁÃ^ aÁ◊√º¯Eı m„SÃ[˝ %X«`›_X* Ã[˝„LÁm„SÃ[˝ %ÁVÃ[˝ AcÕ ÂV„` l˘◊≈yÃ^
LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ Â_Á„Y _«ä c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜* %UªJÙ LÁTˆ›Ã^ L›[˝„X Ã[˝Lf`◊N˛Ã[˝C ◊XÃ[˝◊Tˆ`Ã^
Y“„Ã^ÁLX %Á‰ªK˜* ÂacÕLXÓ G›TˆÁÃ[˝ ◊V„Eı Â_Á„EıÃ[˝ ]X %ÁLEıÁ_ %ÁE ırÙ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜*
G›TˆÁÃ[˝ ◊`l˘Á Y«Ã[˝ÁTˆX %Á^ÔÓ◊`l˘Á„Eı ◊\ˆ◊w¯ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^ÁC %◊Tˆy‘] Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜* G›„TˆÁN˛
W˝∂ˆÇÔ Ã[˝„LÁmS„Eı \ˆÃ^ Eı„Ã[˝ XÁ, TˆÁc˜Á„Tˆ Ã[˝Lf`◊N˛„Eı a√º¯„a[˝ÁÃ^ ◊X^«N˛ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝
Y‹öˆÁ %Á‰ªK˜, Y“[˝ ◊w¯]Á„GÔ ]«◊N˛Ã[˝ =YÁÃ^ Y“V◊`ÔTˆ %Á‰ªK˜* AcÕ W˝∂ˆÇÔ %X«`›_„XÃ[˝
LXÓ LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ ]X ◊EıÃ[˝÷„Y Y“ÿô«ˆTˆ c˜cÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜, TˆÁc˜Á ÂL„_cÕ Y“U] c˜÷VÃ^Ü] Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ
YÁ◊Ã[˝_Á]* AFXC ÊÿÉˆÁTˆ ◊X∂ˆÇÔ_ c˜Ã^ XÁcÕ, AFXC Eı_«◊bTˆ C %Á◊[˝_, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ
%◊Tˆ◊Ã[˝N˛ Â[˝G ^FX %î Y“`◊]Tˆ c˜cÕ„[˝, TˆFX TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó Â^ ◊[˝£à˘ `◊N˛
_«hıÁ◊Ã^Tˆ, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ◊XFg«Tˆ EıÁ^ÔÓ c˜cÕ„[˝*
^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á %Á]ÁÃ[˝ a„Ü [˝≥V› C AEı %◊\ˆ„^Á„G %◊\ˆ^«N˛, TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó
%„X„Eı ◊X„Å¤Áb› [˝◊_Ã^Á ]«◊N˛ YÁcÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜X, %ÁÃ[˝ aEı„_ bQÕˆ^„‹óˆ ◊_ä [˝◊_Ã^Á
V◊â¯Tˆ* ]ÁX[˝a]Á„L c˜TˆÓÁ c˜cÕ„Tˆ mÃ[˝”TˆÃ[˝ %YÃ[˝ÁW˝ c˜cÕ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ XÁ* LÁTˆ›Ã^
ÿëˆÁUÔY“„SÁ◊VTˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á Â^ c˜TˆÓÁ Eı„Ã[˝, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ [˝Ó◊N˛GTˆ ªJÙ◊Ã[˝y Eı_«◊bTˆ XÁ c˜cÕ„Tˆ
YÁ„Ã[˝ ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ TˆÁc˜Á„Tˆ aÁ]Á◊LEı ◊cãÁ„[˝ %YÃ[˝Á„W˝Ã[˝ mÃ[˝”±ºˆ _ÁH[˝ c˜cÕ_ XÁ* cÕc˜ÁC
ÿëˆ›EıÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ c˜Ã^ Â^ c˜TˆÓÁÃ[˝ ªK˜ÁÃ^Á %‹ôˆÃ[˝Á±¡ÁÃ^ Y◊QÕˆ„_ ]„X Â^X Ã[˝„N˛Ã[˝ VÁG
[˝◊aÃ^Á UÁ„Eı, y…‘Ã[˝TˆÁÃ[˝ aá˚ÁÃ[˝ c˜Ã^* y…‘Ã[˝TˆÁ [˝[[˝Ô„Ã[˝Á◊ªJÙTˆ mS, ]X«bÓ =~◊TˆÃ[˝
y‘]◊[˝EıÁ„` Â^ aEı_ mS c˜cÕ„Tˆ %„î %„î [˝◊#¤Tˆ c˜cÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜, ÂacÕ aEı„_Ã[˝
]„W˝Ó y…‘Ã[˝TˆÁ Y“W˝ÁX* cÕc˜Á a+…SÔ [˝#¤X Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝„_ ]ÁX[˝LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ =~◊TˆÃ[˝
Y„U AEıªRÙO› ◊[˝H¬EıÃ[˝ Eı∞ªRÙOEı =XΩ…◊_Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á ^ÁcÕ„[˝* %ÁaÁ]›Ã[˝ ÂVÁb W˝◊Ã[˝Ã^Á
_cÕ„_ cÕc˜ÁcÕ [˝«◊Mı„Tˆ c˜cÕ„[˝ Â^, cÕc˜Á Ã[˝Lf`◊N˛Ã[˝ l˘◊SEı =ÅÁ] =¨K ˜Ö_TˆÁ ]Áy*
TˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó A]X aÁ◊√º¯Eı `◊N˛ ◊X◊c˜Tˆ Â^ AcÕ l˘◊SEı =¨K ˜Ö_TˆÁÃ[˝ •ÁÃ[˝Á
ÂV„`Ã[˝ ÿöˆÁÃ^› %]Ü_ aÁ◊W˝Tˆ c˜cÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÂEıÁXC %Á`·¯Á XÁcÕ*
%‹ôˆ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ Â^ ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁÃ[˝ EıUÁ Y…„[[˝Ô [˝◊_Ã^Á◊ªK˜, %Á]ÁÃ[˝ aÜ›G„SÃ[˝ Âa ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁ
ÿëˆ\ˆÁ[˝◊aà˘ mS* Â^ Eı„ÃÊı◊VX %Á]Ã[˝Á AEıa„Ü AEı [˝ c˜d VÁ_Á„X Ã[˝◊l˘Tˆ ◊ªK˜_Á],
%Á◊] TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ %ÁªJÙÃ[˝S C ]„XÃ[˝ \ˆÁ[˝ ◊[˝„`b ]X„^Á„GÃ[˝ a◊c˜Tˆ _l˘Ó Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜*
V«cÕLX ◊\ˆ~ EıÁc˜ÁÃ[˝C ]«„F [˝Á EıUÁÃ^ \ˆ„Ã^Ã[˝ ªK˜ÁÃ^Á Y^ÔÓ‹ôˆ ÂV◊F„Tˆ YÁcÕ XÁcÕ*
Y“ÁÃ^ aEı„_cÕ TˆÃ[˝”S[˝Ã^ïı, %„X„Eı %î[˝Ã^ïı [˝Á_Eı, Â^ %YÃ[˝Á„W˝ W˝ Tˆ aÁ[˝Óÿôˆ
c˜cÕ„_ TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Vâ¯ Â^Ã[˝÷Y \ˆ›bS TˆÁc˜Á„Tˆ V ªRÕÙ]◊Tˆ Y«Ã[˝”„bÃ[˝C ◊[˝ªJÙ◊_Tˆ c˜cÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝
EıUÁ* %ÁÃ[˝ cÕc˜ÁÃ[˝Á ◊[˝ªJÙÁ„Ã[˝ FÁ_Áa c˜cÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ %Á`ÁC [˝QÕˆ Ã[˝Á◊F„TˆX XÁ* ◊[˝„`bTˆf
]ÓÁ◊L„r—Ù‰ªRÙOÃ[˝ ÂEıÁ‰ªRÙO¤ aÁl˘› C Â_FÁaÁ„l˘ÓÃ[˝ Â^Ã[˝÷Y \ˆ›bS %Á„Ã^ÁLX L◊]„Tˆ
_Á◊G_, TˆÁc˜Á ÂV◊FÃ^Á %ÁcÕX-%X◊\ˆp˚ [˝Ó◊N˛Ã[˝ ]„X ac˜„LcÕ W˝ÁÃ[˝SÁ c˜Ã^ Â^,
◊X„Å¤Áb›Ã[˝C AcÕ ZgıÁV c˜cÕ„Tˆ ◊XGÔ]„XÃ[˝ YU XÁcÕ* %UªJÙ TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ ]«„F \ˆ›◊Tˆ
[˝Á ◊[˝b|TˆÁÃ[˝ Y◊Ã[˝[˝„wÔ¯ ÂEı[˝_ Y“Z«ı{TˆÁ, aÃ[˝_ c˜ÁaÓ, ◊X„LÃ[˝ ◊[˝YV„Eı \«ˆ◊_Ã^Á
W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ C ÂV„`Ã[˝ EıUÁ* %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ CÃ^Á‰QÔˆ Y“„TˆÓ„EıÃ[˝ ◊XEı‰ªRÙO V«cÕ-ªJÙÁ◊Ã[˝FÁ◊X [˝cÕ
UÁEıÁÃ^ AEıªRÙO› l«˘V– _ÁcÕ‰[˝–Ã[˝› L◊]Ã^Á◊ªK˜_* AcÕ _ÁcÕ‰[˝–Ã[˝›Ã[˝ %◊W˝EıÁe`cÕ W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝
[˝c˜,O G›TˆÁ, =Y◊XbV, ◊[˝„[˝EıÁX„≥VÃ[˝ Y«ÿˆô EıÁ[˝_›, [Ã ˝Á]E ı„b’Ã[˝ EıUÁ] Tˆ C L›[˝XJª Ù◊[Ã ˝Tˆ,
Y«Ã[˝ÁS, ÿôˆ[˝]Á_Á, [˝–°˘aÜ›Tˆ cÕTˆÓÁ◊V* %XÓ Y«ÿôˆ„EıÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó [˝◊·¯„]Ã[˝ G–‹öˆÁ[˝_›,
ÿëˆ„V`›GÁ„XÃ[˝ %„XEı [˝cÕ, %ÁÃ[˝ Ã^«„Ã[˝ÁY›Ã^ V`ÔX, cÕ◊Tˆc˜Áa C aÁ◊c˜TˆÓ◊[˝bÃÊı

%îÿëˆî Y«ÿôÊı* aEıÁ„_ ÂEıc˜ ÂEıc˜ aÁW˝XÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ [˝◊aTˆ, ÂEıc˜ ÂEıc˜ [˝cÕ Y◊QÕˆTˆ,
ÂEıc˜ ÂEıc˜ %Á‰ÿôˆ Gî Eı◊Ã[˝Tˆ* aEıÁ„_Ã[˝ AcÕ `Á◊‹ôˆ]Ã^ X›Ã[˝[˝TˆÁÃ^ ]Á„Mı ]Á„Mı
c˜Á◊aÃ[˝ _c˜Ã[˝›C =◊PˆTˆ* ""EıÁ‰ªJÙÃ[˝›'' XÁ UÁ◊Eı„_ ÂEıc˜ ÂEıc˜ H«]ÁcÕTˆ, ÂEıc˜ ÂEıc˜
ÂF_Á Eı◊Ã[˝Tˆ ---- Â^ ◊VX Â^ ÂF_Á ÂLÁ‰ªRÙO, %Áa◊N˛ EıÁc˜ÁÃ[˝C XÁcÕ* ÂEıÁX ◊VX
]â¯„_ [˝◊aÃ^Á ÂEıÁX `Á‹ôˆ ÂF_Á --- ÂEıÁX ◊VX [˝Á ÂVÏQÕˆÁ„VÏ◊QÕˆ _ÁZıÁ_Á◊Zı*
◊VXEıTÊı Z«ıªRÙO[˝_ ªJÙ◊__, Z«ıªRÙO[˝_ªRÙOÁ %[˝`Ó %Y…[[˝Ô =YEıÃ[˝„S G◊PˆTˆ* ◊VXEıTÊı
EıÁXÁ]Á◊ªK˜cÕ ªJÙ◊__, AEı AEı◊VX ◊\ˆ~ ◊\ˆ~ V_ GPˆX Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á AEı◊V„Eı L«L«da«
◊`l˘Á %XÓ◊V„Eı =¨JÙ _∂ˆèı C V›HÔ _∂ˆèı %ÁÃ[˝ AEı◊V„Eı drafts [˝Á V`Yg◊ªJÙ`*
V«cÕ ªJÙÁ◊Ã[˝LX Gêˆ›Ã[˝ ÊY“ÏªRÕÙ Â_ÁEı ◊\ˆ~ aEı„_cÕ Y“ÁÃ^ [˝Á_Eı„VÃ[˝ %X«„Ã[˝Á„W˝ AcÕ
aEı_ ÂF_ÁÃ^ Â^ÁG ◊V„TˆX* ÂV◊F_Á] cÕc˜Á„VÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó [˝Ã^ïı Â_Á„EıÃ[˝C [˝Á_ÿëˆ\ˆÁ[˝*
aµ˘ÓÁ„[˝_ÁÃ^ GÁ„XÃ[˝ ]L◊_a L◊]Tˆ* ={Áa, `ªJÙ›≥V–, Âc˜]VÁa, ^Ác˜ÁÃ[˝Á GÁ„X
◊aà˘, TˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ ªJÙÁ◊Ã[˝◊V„Eı %Á]Ã[˝Á aEı„_ [˝◊aÃ^Á GÁX £◊XTˆÁ]* ÿëˆ„V`› [˝Á W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝
GÁX [˝ÓTˆ›Tˆ %XÓ ÂEıÁXÃ[˝÷Y GÁX c˜cÕTˆ XÁ* AEı AEı◊VX ÂEı[˝_ %Á„]ÁV Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝
c˜Ö K˜Á^Ã ={ÁaEıÃ[˝ c˜Á◊aÃ[˝ GÁX, %◊\ˆX^Ã , Ventriloquism %X«EıÃ[˝S [˝Á ÂGg„L„_Ã[˝
Gî Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á aµ˘ÓÁ EıÁªRÙOÁcÕTˆ* ={ÁaEı„Ã[˝Ã[˝ XÓÁÃ^ %‡«ˆTˆ l˘]TˆÁ`Á_› C %Y…[[˝Ô
ªJÙ◊Ã[˝y Â_ÁEı %Á◊] %ÁÃ[˝ EıFXC ÂV◊F XÁcÕ* £◊XÃ^Á◊ªK˜_Á] [˝‰ªRÙO A]X Â_ÁEı ]Á„Mı
]Á„Mı LXΩÁÃ^ ^Ác˜ÁÃ[˝ %‹ôˆÃ[˝Á±¡ÁÃ^ ]ÁÃ^ÁÃ[˝ Y“\ˆÁ[˝ ATˆ ◊`◊U_ Â^ aÁ]ÁXÓ ÂV„c˜Ã[˝
W˝∂ˆÇÔ [˝ÓTˆ›Tˆ TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ %XÓ ÂEıÁX [˝µ˘X XÁcÕ* ""◊_YÓ„Tˆ X a YÁ„YX
Y≤øYy◊][˝ÁêâÁ''* AcÕ =◊N˛Ã[˝ ^ÁUÁUÔÓ C Y“Eı Tˆ ]∂ˆÇÔ A[˝Á[Ã ˝ ={ÁaEı„[Ã ˝[Ã ˝ %ÁªJÙ[Ã ˝„S
Y“TˆÓl˘ =Y_◊ç˘ Eı◊Ã[˝_Á]* aÁ]ÁXÓ ]ÁX«„bÃ[˝ XÓÁÃ^ Eı∂ˆÇÔ Eı„Ã[˝X, c˜Á„aX, Gî
Eı„Ã[˝X, ÂF„_X, \«ˆ_ Eı„Ã[˝X, XÓÁÃ^ Eı„Ã[˝X, %XÓÁÃ^ Eı„Ã[˝X, %UªJÙ ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ ÂacÕ
◊X∂ˆÇÔ_ ÂV[˝\ˆÁ[˝* GÁÃ^ c˜ÁLÁÃ[˝ EıÁVÁ Y◊QÕˆ„_C TˆÁc˜Á GÁÃ^ _Á◊GÃ^Á UÁ„Eı XÁ*
%Á]Á„VÃ[˝ Ã[˝ÁG a«F V«fF \ˆÃ^ ÿëˆÁUÔ ◊c˜eaÁ Â•b TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ L„XÓ a rÙ c˜Ã^ XÁcÕ* TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝
%Á‰ªK˜ ÊY“], %ÁX≥V, c˜ÁaÓ, Y„Ã[˝ÁYEıÁÃ[˝, YÃ[˝„a[˝Á, Z«ı„_Ã[˝ ÿëˆ\ˆÁ[˝◊aà˘ ÿëˆ¨K˜TˆÁ C
Y“Zı« {TˆÁ* ={ÁaEı[Ã ˝ AcÕ Y“Eı ◊Tˆ◊[˝◊`rÙ Â_ÁEı* TgˆÁc˜Á[Ã ˝ ]„W˝Ó %Á◊] EıFXC Â_`]Áy
Ây‘ÁW˝, V«fF, ÈVXÓ, ◊[˝EıÁÃ[˝, ◊[˝b|TˆÁ ÂV◊F XÁcÕ* ◊EıªK«˜„TˆcÕ %Áa◊N˛ XÁcÕ* TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝
◊XEıªRÙO Â^ ^Ác˜Á ªJÙÁ◊c˜Tˆ TˆÁc˜Á TˆÁc˜Á„Eı ◊[˝_ÁcÕÃ^Á ◊V„TˆX, ◊X„LÃ[˝ Â^X ◊EıªK«˜cÕ X„c˜*
ÂEıÁXC \ˆÁ„[˝C ◊Tˆ◊X [˝à˘ XX* AcÕ]Áy aEı„_Ã[˝ ]„XÁÃ[˝tXÁUÔ c˜Á◊a TˆÁ]ÁaÁ
Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ◊ªK˜„_X, YÃ[˝]«c…˜„wÔ¯ ÂV◊F_Á] c˜PˆÁd W˝ÓÁX]G¬ c˜cÕÃ^Á a[˝ \«ˆ◊_Ã^Á ◊GÃ^Á‰ªK˜X*
ÂEıc˜ W˝ÓÁX\ˆÜ Eı◊Ã[˝„_C TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ %Á„a ^ÁÃ^ XÁ* c˜Á◊a]«„F TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ %Á[˝VÁÃ[˝ ac˜Ó
Eı◊Ã[˝„TˆX* a[˝cÕ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Y„l˘ _›_Á, Â^]X aeaÁÃ[˝, ÂTˆ]XcÕ ÂL_, Â^]X ◊X[˝ ◊w¯
ÂTˆ]XcÕ Y“[˝ ◊w¯* Â\ˆV XÁcÕ, ◊[˝EıÁÃ[˝ XÁcÕ* ATˆV…Ã[˝ aÁ◊√º¯Eı ÿëˆÁW˝›X \ˆÁ[˝ %XÓ
aEı„_Ã[˝ ]„W˝Ó XÁ UÁ◊Eı„_C Y“ÁÃ^ aEı„_Ã[˝cÕ %î◊[˝ÿôˆÃ[˝ ◊ªK˜_* Â]ÁEıÅ]ÁÃ^ ÂEıc˜
]X ◊VTˆ XÁ, aEı„_cÕ W˝„∂ˆÇÔ [˝Á %ÁX„≥V ◊VX EıÁªRÙOÁcÕTˆ* AcÕ ◊X◊∏JÙ∂ôˆ \ˆÁ[˝ Eı◊PˆX
E«ı◊y‘Ã^Á\ˆÓÿôˆ c˜÷V„Ã^Ã[˝ Y„l˘ %aêˆ[˝; TˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó EıÁ◊PˆXÓ, y…‘Ã[˝TˆÁ, E«ı◊y‘Ã^Áa◊N˛,
E«ı◊ªRÙO_TˆÁ Â_`]Áy ◊ªK˜_ XÁ* ◊Eı c˜ÁaÓ ◊Eı EıUÁ ◊Eı ÂF_Á TˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ aEı_cÕ
%ÁX≥V]Ã^, YÁYc˜›X, ÊY“]]Ã^*
AcÕ ]ÁX◊aEı ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁÃ[˝ Zı_ %◊ªJÙ„Ã[˝ ◊[˝EıÁ`Y“Áä c˜cÕ„Tˆ _Á◊G_* AcÕÃ[˝÷Y
Âl˘‰ycÕ W˝∂ˆÇ[Ô ˝›L [˝YX c˜c˜„O _ a[[˝ÁÔ Üa«≥VÃ[˝ Zı_ aêˆ„[˝* ^›£ Eı„^Ã EıLX [˝Á_Eı„Eı
ÂVFÁcÕÃ^Á ◊`bÓ◊VG„Eı [˝◊_Ã^Á◊ªK˜„_X, ""^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á AcÕ [˝Á_Eı„VÃ[˝ T«ˆ_Ó, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ÁcÕ
[˝–°˘„_ÁEı Y“Áä c˜X*'' p˚ÁX C %ÁX≥V a√º¯m„SÃ[˝ _l˘S* ^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á V«fF„Eı V«fF
p˚ÁX Eı„Ã[˝X XÁ, ^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á aEı_ %[˝ÿöˆÁÃ^ %ÁX◊≥VTˆ C Y“Z«ı◊{Tˆ, TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝cÕ Â^Á„G
%◊W˝EıÁÃ[˝* ÂL„_ Ã[˝ÁL◊aEı \ˆÁ[˝ Y“`“Ã^ YÁÃ^ XÁ, %ÁÃ[˝ ◊X#¤X EıÁÃ[˝ÁGÁ„Ã[˝ Y“[˝ ◊w¯Ã[˝
Y◊Ã[˝„YÁbEı ◊EıKª ˜« cÕ XÁc˜*O AcÕ %[˝ÿˆö Á^Ã %a«„[Ã ˝[Ã ˝ ]X ◊ªJÙ[Ã ˝Á\ˆÓÿôˆ [Ã ˝Lf`◊N˛Ã[˝ =YEı[Ã ˝„SÃ[˝
%\ˆÁ„[˝ %Ác˜Tˆ [˝ÓÁ‰H–Ã[˝ XÓÁÃ^ ◊X„L„Eı XÁ` Eı„Ã[˝* YÁ∏JÙÁTˆÓ Eı◊[˝GS ^Ác˜Á„Eı
Eating one's own heart [˝„_X, ÂacÕ %[˝ÿöˆÁ H‰ªRÙO* \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ[˝Áa›Ã[˝ ]X ÂacÕ
◊X#¤XTˆÁÃ^, ÂacÕ [˝Á◊c˜ÓEı Eı‰rÙÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó ◊ªJÙÃ[˝‹ôˆX ªRÙOÁ„X %ÁE ırÙ c˜cÕÃ^Á \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝
◊XEıªRÙO ªK«˜◊ªRÙOÃ^Á ^ÁÃ^* %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ cÕc˜ÁcÕ H◊ªRÙOÃ^Á‰ªK˜* LÁ◊X XÁ ÂEıÁUÁ c˜cÕ„Tˆ AEıªRÙO›
ÊÿÉˆÁTˆ %Á◊aÃ^Á aEı_„Eı \ˆÁaÁcÕÃ^Á ◊XÃ^Á ÂG_* Â^ EıFXC \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ XÁ] Eı„Ã[˝
XÁcÕ, ÂaC aÁW˝XÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ ◊`◊F_* %ÁÃ[˝ ÂacÕ YÃ[˝] VÃ^Á_«Ã[˝ VÃ^Á %X«\ˆ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á
%ÁX≥V]G¬ c˜c˜^ÃO Á Y◊QÕˆ_* %„XEı ◊V„XÃ[˝ %\ˆÓÁ„a Â^ÁG›Ã[˝ ^Ác˜Á c˜^Ã , AcÕ [˝Á_Eı„VÃ[˝
V«'Jª ÙÁ◊Ã[˝ ]Á„aÃ[˝ aÁW˝XÁÃ^ TˆÁc˜Á c˜c˜^ÃO Á ÂG_* [Ã ˝Á]E ıb’ YÃ[˝]c˜ea AEı[˝Á[Ã ˝ [˝◊_Ã^Á◊ªK˜„_X,
""AFX ÂTˆÁ]Ã[˝Á ◊Eı ÂVFÀªK˜ --- cÕc˜Á ◊EıªK«˜cÕ XÃ^, ÂV„` A]X ÊÿÉˆÁTˆ %Áa‰ªK˜ Â^,
%î [˝Ã^„aÃ[˝ ÊªK˜„_ ◊TˆX ◊VX aÁW˝XÁ Eı„Ã[˝ ◊a◊à˘ YÁ„[˝*'' AcÕ [˝Á_Eı◊VG„Eı
ÂV◊F„_ TˆÁgc˜ÁÃ[˝ \ˆ◊[˝bÓ•ÁS›Ã[˝ aZı_TˆÁ a∂ëˆ„µ˘ a„≥Vc˜ ]Áy UÁ„Eı XÁ* cÕc˜ÁÃ[˝Á Â^X
ÂacÕ Y“TˆÓÁ◊`Tˆ W˝∂ˆÇYÔ [“ ˝Á„c˜[Ã ˝ ]…◊wÔ¯]‹ôˆ Y…[[˝YÔ ◊Ã[˝Jª Ù^Ã ; AcÕ aÁ◊√º¯Eı\ˆÁ„[˝[Ã ˝ Tˆ[Ã ˝Ü EıÁPˆGQÕˆÁ
[˝Á◊c˜Ã^Á ªJÙÁÃ[˝YgÁªJÙLX ◊\ˆ~ %XÓ aEı„_Ã[˝ c˜÷VÃ^ ]c˜ÁX„≥V %Áî«Tˆ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á T«ˆ◊_Tˆ*
cÕc˜ÁÃ[˝ %ÁÿëˆÁV Â^ AEı[˝ÁÃ[˝ YÁcÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜ Âa EıFXC TˆÁc˜Á \«ˆ◊_„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ XÁ A[˝e
EıFXC %XÓ %ÁX≥V„Eı c˜cO ˜Á[Ã ˝ T«ˆ_Ó [˝◊_Ã^Á ÿëˆ›EıÁ[Ã ˝ Eı◊[Ã ˝„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ XÁ* AcÕ aÁ◊√º¯Eı\ˆÁ[˝cÕ
ÂV„`Ã[˝ =~◊Tˆ[Ã ˝ %Á`Á* }ÁT ˆ\ˆÁ[˝, %Á±¡p˚ÁX, \ˆG[˝d‰Y“] Â^]X ac˜„L \ˆÁ[Ã ˝Tˆ[˝Áa›Ã[˝
]X„Eı %◊W˝EıÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á EıÁ„^ÔÓ Y“EıÁ` YÁÃ^, %ÁÃ[˝ ÂEıÁXC LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ ÂTˆ]X ac˜„L
c˜CÃ^Á aêˆ[˝ XÃ^* ªJÙÁcÕ Tˆ„]Á[˝#¤X, Ã[˝„LÁV]X, a√º¯Y“EıÁ`* \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ[˝„bÔÃ[˝ LXÓ
\ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ G…ªRÕÙ %◊\â◊µ˘„Tˆ TˆÁc˜ÁcÕ Y“ÿô«ˆTˆ c˜cÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜*
X[˝LXΩ
G›TˆÁÃ^ %#«¤X `“›E ıb’„Eı ◊Lp˚ÁaÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„_X, ""^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á Â^ÁGY„U Y“„[˝`
Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á Â`b Y^ÔÓ‹ôˆ ^ÁcÕ„Tˆ XÁ ^ÁcÕ„Tˆ ñ◊_TˆYV C Â^ÁG}rÙ c˜X, TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ ◊Eı
G◊Tˆ c˜Ã^? TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á ◊Eı B◊c˜Eı C YÁÃ[˝◊≈yEı =\ˆÃ^ Zı„_ [˝◊á˚Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á [˝ÁÃ^«F◊â¯Tˆ
Â]„HÃ[˝ ]Tˆ ◊[˝XrÙ c˜X?'' =w¯„[Ã ˝ `“›E ıb’ [˝◊_„_X, ""c˜cO ˜„_Á„Eı [˝Á YÃ[˝„_Á„Eı Âac˜-O
Ã[˝÷Y [˝Ó◊N˛Ã[˝ ◊[˝XÁ` %aêˆ[˝* Eı_ÓÁSE ıd EıFXC V«GÔ◊TˆY“Áä c˜X XÁ* Y«SÓ„_ÁEı-
aEı„_ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ G◊Tˆ c˜Ã^, ÂaFÁ„X %„XEı EıÁ_ [˝Áa Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á £à˘ `“›]ÁXÀ Y«Ã[˝”b„VÃ[˝
G „c˜ %U[˝Á Â^ÁG^«N˛ ]c˜ÁY«[Ã ˝”b„VÃ[˝ E«ı„_ V«_\Ô ˆ LXΩ c˜^Ã , ÂacÕ L„XΩ Y…[[˝LÔ XΩY“Áä
Â^ÁG◊_¥aÁªJÙÁ◊_Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á ◊a◊à˘Ã[˝ LXÓ %ÁÃ[˝C ÊªJÙrÙÁ Eı„Ã[˝X, Â`„b %„XEı L„XΩÃ[˝
%\ˆÓÁ„a YÁY]«N˛ c˜c˜^ÃO Á YÃ[˝]G◊Tˆ _Á\ˆ Eı„[Ã ˝X*'' Â^ Y…[[˝LÔ XΩ[˝ÁV ◊ªJÙ[Ã ˝EıÁ_ %Á^ÔÓ-
W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ Â^ÁG_ç˘ p˚Á„XÃ[˝ %Ü◊[˝„`b, YÁ∏JÙÁTˆÓ ◊[˝VÓÁÃ[˝ Y“\ˆÁ„[˝ ◊`◊l˘Tˆ a+“VÁ„Ã^Ã[˝
]„W˝Ó TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Y“◊TˆY◊w¯ ◊[˝XrÙY“ÁÃ^ c˜cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜_, `“›Ã[˝Á]E ıb’-_›_ÁÃ[˝ Y„Ã[˝ Â[˝VÁ‹ôˆ◊`l˘Á
Y“ªJÙÁ„Ã[˝ C G›TˆÁÃ[˝ %W˝ÓÃ^„X ÂacÕ aTˆÓ Y«XfY“◊Tˆ◊úˆTˆ c˜cÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜* ÿöˆ… _LG„Tˆ Â^]X
heredity Y“W˝ÁX aTˆÓ, a…©øLG„Tˆ ÂTˆ]XcÕ Y…[[˝ÔLXΩ[˝ÁV Y“W˝ÁX aTˆÓ* `“›E ı„b’Ã[˝
=◊N˛„Tˆ V«cÕªRÙO› aTˆÓ ◊X◊c˜Tˆ %Á‰ªK˜* Â^ÁG}rÙ Y«Ã[˝”b TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Y…[[˝ÔLXΩÁ◊#¤Tˆ p˚Á„XÃ[˝
aeïıÁ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ a◊c˜Tˆ LXΩG–c˜S Eı„Ã[˝X, ÂacÕ aeïıÁÃ[˝ •ÁÃ[˝Á [˝ÁÃ^«ªJÙÁ◊_Tˆ TˆÃ[˝S›Ã[˝ XÓÁÃ^
Â^ÁGY„U ªJÙÁ◊_Tˆ c˜X* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ Eı∂ˆÇÔZı_ Y“Á◊äÃ[˝ Â^ÁGÓ `Ã[˝›Ã[˝ =dYÁVXÁUÔ =Y^«N˛
E«ı„_ LXΩ_Á\ˆ Y“„^Ã ÁLX* =dE ırÙ heredity Â^ÁG`Ã[˝›„Ã[˝[Ã ˝ =dYÁVEı* £à˘ `“›]ÁXÀ
Y«[Ã ˝”b„VÃ[˝ G „c˜ LXΩ c˜c˜„O _ £à˘ a[˝_ `Ã[˝›[Ã ˝ =dYÁVX aêˆ[˝, Â^ÁG›E«ı„_ LXΩG–c˜„S
=dE ırÙ ]X C Y“ÁS G◊PˆTˆ c˜Ã^ A[˝e ÂacÕÃ[˝÷Y ◊`l˘Á C ]ÁX◊aEı G◊Tˆ_Á\ˆC c˜Ã^*
\ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ[˝„bÔ Eı„ÃÊı [˝daÃ[˝ W˝◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ÂVFÁ ^ÁcÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜ Â^X AEıªRÙO› X…TˆX LÁ◊Tˆ
Y«Ã[˝ÁTˆX Tˆ]f %◊\ˆ\…ˆTˆ LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó a rÙ c˜cÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜* \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ]ÁTˆÁÃ[˝ Y«Ã[˝ÁTˆX a‹ôˆ◊Tˆ
W˝∂ˆÇÔG¿Á◊X C %W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó LXΩG–c˜S Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á C ÂacÕÃ[˝÷Y ◊`l˘Á_Á\ˆ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á
%îÁÃ^«, l«˘V–Á`Ã^, ÿëˆÁUÔYÃ[˝ÁÃ^S, a·¯›SÔc˜÷VÃ^ c˜cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜_* TˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó %„XEı
ÂTˆLÿëˆ› ]c˜Á±¡Á ÂVc˜Y“Áä c˜cÕÃ^Á AcÕ ◊[˝b] ◊[˝YdEıÁ„_ LÁ◊Tˆ„Eı Ã[˝l˘Á Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X*
◊Eı‹ô«ˆ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ `◊N˛ C Y“◊Tˆ\ˆÁÃ[˝ =Y^«N˛ Eı∂ˆÇÔ XÁ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ÂEı[˝_ LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝
\ˆ◊[˝bÓd ]Ác˜Á±¡Ó C ◊[˝`Á_ Eı„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ Âl˘y a ◊rÙ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ◊GÃ^Á‰ªK˜X* TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝cÕ
Y«SÓ[˝„_ X[˝ >bÁÃ[˝ ◊EıÃ[˝S]Á_Á ªJÙÁ◊Ã[˝◊VEı =‡ˆÁ◊aTˆ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜* \ˆÁÃ[˝TˆLXX›Ã[˝
X…TˆX a‹ôˆ◊Tˆ ◊YTˆÁ]ÁTˆÁÃ[˝ mSY“Áä XÁ c˜cÕÃ^Á aÁcã›, ÂTˆLÿëˆ›, =¨JÙÁ`Ã^, =VÁÃ[˝,
ÿëˆÁUÔTˆÓÁG›, YÃ[˝Á„UÔ C ÂV`◊c˜TâÁW˝„X =daÁc˜› C =¨JÙÁEıÁIl˘ÁY…SÔ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜*

AcÕLXÓ %ÁLEıÁ_ ◊YTˆÁ]ÁTˆÁÃ[˝ [˝` XÁ c˜cÕÃ^Á ^«[˝EıGS ÿëˆY„U Y◊UEı c˜cÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜,
[˝ „à˘-TˆÃ[˝”„S ]„TˆÃ[˝ %ÍXEıÓ C EıÁ^ÔÓEıÁ„_ ◊[˝„Ã[˝ÁW˝ =Y◊ÿöˆTˆ c˜Ã^* [˝ à˘GS AcÕ
ÂV[˝Áeàê…ˆTˆ TˆÃ[˝”S aTˆÓ^«G-Y“[˝wÔ¯EıGS„Eı ÿëˆÁUÔ C a·¯›SÔTˆÁÃ[˝ a›]ÁÃ^ %Á[˝à˘
Ã[˝Á◊F„Tˆ ªJÙÁ◊c˜„Tˆ‰ªK˜X, XÁ [˝«◊MıÃ^Á Eı◊_Ã[˝ aÁc˜Á^Ó Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜X* ^«[˝EıGS ]c˜Á`◊N˛-
a rÙ %◊G¬ÿˆè«ı◊_Ü, Y«Ã[˝ÁTˆX \ˆÁ◊ÜÃ^Á X…TˆX G◊Pˆ„Tˆ =VÓTˆ, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á ◊YT ˆ\ˆ◊N˛ C
[˝ÁW˝ÓTˆÁ Ã[˝l˘Á Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ %l˘]* AcÕ %X„UÔÃ[˝ =Y`] \ˆG[˝ÁXcÕ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝X*
Tˆ„[˝ ]c˜Á`◊N˛Ã[˝ cÕ¨K˜Á ◊[˝Zı_ c˜cÕ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ XÁ, AcÕ X[˝›X a‹ôˆ◊Tˆ ^Ác˜Á Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ
%Á◊aÃ^Á‰ªK˜X, TˆÁc˜Á a«a+~ XÁ Eı◊[Ã ˝^Ã Á ^Ác˜„O [˝X XÁ* AcÕ X…Tˆ„XÃ[˝ ]„W˝ÓC Y«[Ã ˝ÁTˆ„XÃ[˝
Y“\ˆÁ[˝ %Á‰ªK˜* %YE ırÙ heredity-Ã[˝ ÂVÁ„b, %Áa«◊Ã[˝Eı ◊`l˘ÁÃ[˝ ÂVÁ„b %„XEı
E«ı_ÁÜÁÃ[˝C LXΩG–c˜S Eı◊[Ã ˝^Ã Á‰ªK˜; ^gÁc˜Á[Ã ˝Á X[˝^G« -Y“[˝w¯Ô „X %Á◊VrÙ TgˆÁc˜Á[Ã ˝ÁC %‹ôˆ◊XÔ ◊c˜Tˆ
ÂTˆL C `◊N˛ ◊[˝EıÁ` Eı◊[Ã ˝„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰Kª ˜X XÁ* X[˝›X◊V„GÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó aTˆÓ^«G Y“EıÁ„`Ã[˝
AEıªRÙO› Y…[[˝Ô_l˘S, W˝„∂ˆÇÔ ]◊Tˆ C %„X„EıÃ[˝ c˜÷V„Ã^ Â^ÁG◊_¥aÁ C %à˘¤◊[˝Eı◊`Tˆ
Â^ÁG`◊N˛*
%Á◊_Y«Ã[˝ Â[˝Á]ÁÃ[˝ Â]ÁEıÅ]ÁÃ^ %◊\ˆ^«N˛ %„`ÁEı X≥V› Â`„bÁN˛ Ê`“S›Ã[˝ ]„W˝Ó
AEıLX* [˝_Á c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜, ^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á TgˆÁc˜Á„Eı ◊ªJÙ◊X„TˆX, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á ÂEıc˜ ◊[˝`üÁa Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ
Y“ÿˆ«ô Tˆ XX Â^, c˜◊O X ÂEıÁXC bQÕˆ^„‹óˆ ◊_ä c˜c˜^ÃO Á◊ªK˜„_X* c˜◊O X %î C %◊[˝`Áü a„^ÁGÓ
Y“]Á„S V◊â¯Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜„_X* ◊Tˆ◊X %XÓ ^«[˝EıG„SÃ[˝ XÓÁÃ^ Y“[˝_ ÂV`„a[˝ÁÃ[˝
%ÁEıÁIl˘ÁÃ^ %◊\ˆ\…ˆTˆ c˜X XÁcÕ* [˝«◊à˘„Tˆ, ªJÙ◊Ã[˝‰y, Y“Á„S ◊Tˆ◊X a+…SÔ Â^ÁG› C
\ˆN˛, aeaÁÃ[˝›Ã[˝ mS TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó ◊ªK˜_ XÁ* TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ◊YTˆÁ]c˜ ◊aà˘ TˆÁ◊‹óÊı Â^ÁG›
◊ªK˜„_X, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ◊YTˆÁC Â^ÁGY“Áä `◊N˛◊[˝◊`rÙ Y«Ã[˝”b* G›TˆÁÃ^ Â^ Â^ÁG›E«ı„_ LXΩ
]ÁX«„bÃ[˝ Y„l˘ %◊Tˆ V«_Ô\ˆ [˝◊_Ã^Á [˝SÔXÁ EıÃ[˝Á c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ \ˆÁ„GÓ TˆÁc˜ÁcÕ
H◊ªRÙOÃ^Á◊ªK˜_* %î[˝Ã^„a TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ %‹ôˆ◊XÔ◊c˜Tˆ Â^ÁG`◊N˛Ã[˝ _l˘S AEı-AEı[˝ÁÃ[˝ Y“EıÁ`
YÁc˜^ÃO Á‰ªK˜* W˝T ˆ c˜c˜[O ˝Á[Ã ˝ [˝ß Y…„[[˝Ô ◊Tˆ◊X LÁ◊X„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝^Ã Á◊ªK˜„_X Â^, TgˆÁc˜Á[Ã ˝ Â^Ï[˝XEıÁ„_
] T«ˆÓ ◊X◊Å¤rÙ, %TÂ[˝ ◊[˝VÓÁ_Á„\ˆ C aÁeaÁ◊Ã[˝Eı L›[˝„XÃ[˝ Y…[[˝Ô %Á„Ã^ÁL„X TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝
]X [˝„a XÁcÕ, TÛÁ◊Y ◊YTˆÁÃ[˝ YÃ[˝Á]„`Ô Y…[[˝Ôp˚ÁTˆ %◊a◊à˘ =„Yl˘Á Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á EıwÔ¯[˝Ó
Eı∂ˆÇÔ [˝◊_Ã^Á TˆÁc˜ÁcÕ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ◊ªK˜„_X A[˝e Â^ÁGY„UC %ÁÃ[˝÷ªRÕÙ c˜cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜„_X* A]X
a]„Ã^ ◊Tˆ◊X %EıÿˆÇÁd ◊[˝XÁ EıÁÃ[˝„S W˝ Tˆ c˜cÕ„_X* AcÕ Eı∂ˆÇÔZı_Y“Áä ◊[˝Y„V
◊[˝ªJÙ◊_Tˆ XÁ c˜cÕÃ^Á %„`ÁEı ÂL„_ Â^ÁGÁ\ˆÓÁ„a a+…SÔ `◊N˛ Y“„Ã^ÁG Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ
_Á◊G„_X* AcÕ Â]ÁEıÅ]ÁÃ^ %ÁaÁ]›„VÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó %„X„Eı AcÕ YU %[˝_∂ëˆX
X[˝LXΩ 73
Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜„_X, TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó ◊Tˆ◊X %G–GSÓ XÁ c˜cÕ„_C %XÓTˆ] ◊ªK˜„_X* ◊Tˆ◊X

\ˆ◊N˛ C ÊY“„] EıÁc˜ÁÃ[˝C %„Yl˘Á c˜›X ◊ªK˜„_X XÁ* TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ =VÁÃ[˝ ªJÙ◊Ã[˝y, Gêˆ›Ã[˝
\ˆ◊N˛ C ÊY“]Y…SÔ c˜÷VÃ^ aEı„_Ã[˝ Y„l˘ ]«Ñ˘EıÃ[˝ ◊ªK˜_* ÂGgÁaÁcÕ-AÃ[˝ c˜TˆÓÁÃ[˝ a]„Ã^
◊Tˆ◊X c˜ÁaYÁTˆÁ„_ Ã[˝”G¬ %[˝ÿöˆÁÃ^ ◊ªK˜„_X* a+…SÔ ÿëˆÁÿöˆÓ_Á„\ˆÃ[˝ Y…„[[˝ÔcÕ ◊X#¤X
EıÁÃ[˝Á[˝Á„a Ã[˝◊l˘Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á ◊Tˆ◊X [˝ÁÃ[˝ [˝ÁÃ[˝ LùÃ[˝„\ˆÁG Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ _Á◊G„_X* ÂacÕ LùÃ[˝Á-
[˝ÿöˆ Á„TˆcÕ ]«N˛Eı„l˘ ◊c˜„] Ã[˝Á◊≈y ^ÁYX Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ c˜cÕTˆ* cÕc˜Á„Tˆ l˘Ã^„Ã[˝ÁG Y“Áä
c˜cÕÃ^Á ÂacÕ %[˝ÿöˆÁÃ^, ^FX Y“ÁSÃ[˝l˘ÁÃ[˝ %ÁÃ[˝ %Á`Á XÁcÕ, TˆFX ◊[˝b] V„â¯ V◊â¯Tˆ
c˜cÕÃ^Á ◊Tˆ◊X %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÂacÕ ] T«ˆÓ-%ÁGÁ„Ã[˝ Ã[˝◊l˘Tˆ ◊ªK˜„_X* [˝ÓÁ◊Ã[˝rÙÁÃ[˝ `“›^«Tˆ ◊ªJÙw¯Ã[˝tX
VÁ„aÃ[˝ %Á„[˝V„X TgˆÁc˜Á„Eı c˜ÁaYÁTˆÁ„_ _cÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ [˝Ó[˝ÿöˆÁ EıÃ[˝Á c˜cÕ_, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ LÁ◊]„X
]«◊N˛VÁX EıÃ[˝Á c˜cÕ_ XÁ* Â`„b ÊªK˜ÁªRÙO_Á‰ªRÙOÃ[˝ ac˜÷VÃ^TˆÁÃ^ ◊Tˆ◊X ÿëˆG „c˜ ÿëˆL„XÃ[˝
Âa[˝Á YÁcÕÃ^Á ]◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ %X«]◊Tˆ YÁcÕ„_X* %ÁY›„_ ]«N˛ c˜cÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ Y…„[[˝ÔcÕ \ˆG[˝ÁX
TgˆÁc˜Á„Eı ÂVc˜EıÁ[Ã ˝Á[˝Áa c˜c˜„O Tˆ ]«◊N˛ ◊V„_X* Â`bEıÁ„_ %„`Á„Eı[Ã ˝ Â^ÁG`◊N˛ ◊[˝_l˘S
[˝ ◊à˘ YÁÃ^, ] T«ˆÓÃ[˝ ◊VX ◊[˝b«’`◊N˛„Tˆ %◊\ˆ\…ˆTˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á aEı_„Eı \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ ]«◊N˛VÁÃÊı
XÁ] C =Y„V` ◊[˝TˆÃ[˝S Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á XÁ„]Á¨JÙÁÃ[˝S Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ ◊Tˆ◊X ÂVc˜TˆÓÁG
Eı◊Ã[˝„_X* Y…[[˝ÔLXΩÁ◊#¤Tˆ V«fFZı_ l˘Ã^ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ %„`ÁEı X≥V›Ã[˝ LXΩ c˜cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜_,
ÂacÕLXÓ AcÕ %XUÔEı EırÙ C %EıÁ_ ] T«ˆÓ H◊ªRÙOÃ^Á‰ªK˜* aTˆÓ^«G Y“[˝wÔ¯„X Â^
`◊N˛Ã[˝ Y“„^Ã ÁLX, ÂacÕ `◊N˛ TgˆÁc˜Á[Ã ˝ `Ã[˝›„Ã[˝ %[˝Tˆ›SÔ c˜^Ã XÁc˜,O ◊Eı‹ôˆ« ◊Tˆ◊X ÿëˆÁ\ˆÁ◊[˝Eı
Â^ÁG`◊N˛Ã[˝ Y“EıÁ„`Ã[˝ =#ù_ V rÙÁ‹ôˆ ÂVFÁcÕÃ^Á ◊GÃ^Á‰ªK˜X* Eı„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ G◊Tˆ AcÕÃ[˝÷YcÕ
c˜Ã^* Y«SÓ[˝ÁX YÁYZı_ l˘Ã^ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ %îEıÁ_ Y ◊U[˝›„Tˆ ◊[˝ªJÙÃ[˝S Eı„Ã[˝X, Y„Ã[˝
YÁY]«N˛ c˜cÕÃ^Á V«rÙ„Vc˜ TˆÓÁG C %XÓ„Vc˜ G–c˜SY…[[˝ÔEı %‹ôˆ◊XÔ◊c˜Tˆ `◊N˛ Y“EıÁ`
C L›„[˝Ã[˝ ◊c˜Tâ+ÁVX Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ %Á„aX*
W˝∂ˆÇÔ
%Á]Á„VÃ[˝ W˝∂ˆÇÔ
%Á]Á„VÃ[˝ W˝∂ˆÇÔ aXÁTˆX W˝∂ˆÇÔ* AcÕ W˝∂ˆÇÔ ◊≈y◊[˝W˝, ◊≈y]ÁGÔGÁ]›, ◊≈yEı∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝Tˆ*
%Á]Á„VÃ[˝ W˝∂ˆÇÔ ◊≈y◊[˝W˝* \ˆG[˝ÁX %‹ôˆÃ[˝Á±¡ÁÃ^, ]ÁX◊aEı LG„Tˆ, ÿöˆ…_ LG„Tˆ --- AcÕ
◊≈yW˝Á„] Y“Eı ◊Târ Ù ]c˜Á`◊N˛ªJÙÁ◊_Tˆ ◊[˝`[Ãü ˝÷„Y %Á±¡Y“EıÁ` Eı◊Ã[˝^Ã Á‰ªK˜X* AcÕ ◊≈yW˝Á„]
TgˆÁc˜Á[Ã ˝ a◊c˜Tˆ ^«N˛ c˜c˜[O ˝Á[Ã ˝ ÊªJÙrÙÁ aXÁTˆX W˝„∂ˆÇ[ÃÔ ˝ ◊≈y◊[˝W˝±ˆº * %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ W˝∂ˆÇÔ ◊≈y]ÁGÔGÁ]›*
p˚ÁX, \ˆ◊N˛, Eı∂ˆÇÔ --- AcÕ ◊TˆX◊ªRÙO ÿëˆTˆ‹óˆ [˝Á ◊]◊_Tˆ =YÁ„Ã^ ÂacÕ ^«N˛Á[˝ÿöˆÁ
]ÁX«„bÃ[˝ aÁW˝Ó* AcÕ ◊TˆX =YÁ„Ã^ %Á±¡£◊à˘ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ a◊c˜Tˆ Â^ÁG◊_¥aÁ
aXÁTˆX W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ ◊≈y]ÁGÔGÁ]› G◊Tˆ* %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ W˝∂ˆÇÔ ◊≈yEı∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝Tˆ* ]ÁX«„bÃ[˝ Y“W˝ÁX
[˝ ◊w¯aEı„_Ã[˝ ]„W˝Ó ◊TˆX◊ªªRÙO >W[˝ÔGÁ◊]X›, [˝–°˘Y“Á◊ä-[˝_VÁ◊Ã^X› --- aTˆÓ, ÊY“] C
`◊N˛* AcÕ ◊TˆX [˝ ◊w¯Ã[˝ ◊[˝EıÁ„` ]ÁX[˝LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ y‘„]Á~◊Tˆ aÁ◊W˝Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á %Á◊a„Tˆ‰ªK˜*
aTˆÓ, ÊY“] C `◊N˛ •ÁÃ[˝Á ◊≈y]Á„GÔ %G–aÃ[˝ c˜CÃ^Á aXÁTˆX W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ ◊≈yEı∂ˆÇÔ*
aXÁTˆX W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó %„XEı ÂGÏS W˝∂ˆÇÔ ◊X◊c˜Tˆ; aXÁTˆX„Eı %[˝_∂ëˆX Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á
Y◊Ã[˝[˝Tˆ¤X`›_ ]c˜ÁXÀ, l«˘V– XÁXÁ◊[˝W˝ W˝∂ˆÇÔ ÿëˆ ÿëˆ EıÁ„^ÔÓ Y“[˝ w¯ c˜Ã^* a[[˝˝ÔY“EıÁÃ[˝
W˝∂ˆÇÔEı∂ˆÇÔ ÿëˆ\ˆÁ[˝a rÙ* aXÁTˆX W˝∂ˆÇÔ LG„TˆÃ[˝ aXÁTˆX ÿëˆ\ˆÁ[˝ %Á◊`“Tˆ, AcÕ XÁXÁ◊[˝W˝
W˝∂ˆÇÔ XÁXÁ◊[˝W˝ %ÁW˝ÁÃ[˝GTˆ ÿëˆ\ˆÁ„[˝Ã[˝ Zı_* [˝Ó◊N˛GTˆ W˝∂ˆÇÔ, LÁ◊TˆW˝∂ˆÇÔ, [˝SÔÁ◊`“Tˆ
W˝∂ˆÇÔ, ^«GW˝∂ˆÇÔ cÕTˆÓÁ◊V XÁXÁ W˝∂ˆÇÔ %Á‰ªK˜* %◊XTˆÓ [˝◊_Ã^Á ÂacÕm◊_ =„Yl˘S›Ã^ [˝Á
[˝#¤X›Ã^ XÃ^, [˝Ã[˝e AcÕ %◊XTˆÓ Y◊Ã[˝[˝Tˆ¤X`›_ W˝∂ˆÇÔ •ÁÃ[˝ÁcÕ aXÁTˆX W˝∂ˆÇÔ ◊[˝Eı◊`Tˆ
C %X«◊úˆTˆ c˜Ã^* [˝Ó◊N˛GTˆ W˝∂ˆÇÔ, LÁ◊TˆW˝∂ˆÇÔ, [˝SÔÁ◊`“Tˆ W˝∂ˆÇÔ, ^«GW˝∂ˆÇÔ Y◊Ã[˝TˆÓÁG
Eı◊Ã[˝„_ aXÁTˆX W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ Y«◊rÙ XÁ c˜cÕÃ^Á %W˝∂ˆÇÔcÕ [˝◊à˘¤Tˆ c˜Ã^ A[˝e G›TˆÁÃ^ ^Ác˜Á„Eı
a·¯Ã[˝ [˝„_, %UÔÁd aXÁTˆX Y“SÁ_› \ˆÜ C y‘„]Á~◊TˆÃ[˝ ◊[˝YÃ[˝›Tˆ G◊Tˆ [˝a«µ˘Ã[˝Á„Eı
YÁ„Y C %TˆÓÁªJÙ„Ã[˝ VÑ˘ Eı„Ã[˝* ^FX ÂacÕ YÁ„YÃ[˝ C %TˆÓÁªJÙÁ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ %◊Tˆ◊Ã[˝N˛
]ÁyÁÃ^ ]ÁX«„bÃ[˝ =~◊TˆÃ[˝ ◊[˝„Ã[˝Á◊W˝X› W˝∂ˆÇÔV_X› %Áa«◊Ã[˝Eı `◊N˛aEı_ ÿˆèı›Tˆ C
[˝_^«N˛ c˜cÕÃ^Á ÿëˆÁUÔ, y«‘Ã[˝TˆÁ C %c˜·¯Á„Ã[˝ V`◊VEı %Á¨K˜~ Eı„Ã[˝, %X›`üÃ[˝ LG„Tˆ
<`üÃ[˝ aÁ◊L„Tˆ %ÁÃ[˝êˆ Eı„Ã[˝, TˆFX \ˆÁÃ[˝Áw¯ˆ¤ Y ◊U[˝›Ã[˝ V«fF_ÁH[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ ]ÁX„a
\ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ %[˝TˆÁÃ[˝ ◊Eı∂ëˆÁ ◊[˝\…ˆ◊Tˆ ]ÁX[˝„V„c˜ Y“EıÁ` c˜cÕÃ^Á %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ W˝∂ˆÇÔYU ◊Xõı∞RÙOEı
Eı„Ã[˝X*
aXÁTˆX W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ ÛÁUÔ YÁ_„XÃ[˝ LXÓ [˝Ó◊N˛GTˆ W˝∂ˆÇÔ, LÁ◊TˆW˝∂ˆÇÔ, [˝SÔÁ◊`“Tˆ
W˝∂ˆÇÔ C ^«GW˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ %ÁªJÙÃ[˝S a[[˝˝ÔVÁ Ã[˝l˘S›Ã^* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ AcÕ XÁXÁ◊[˝W˝ W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó l«˘V–
C ]c˜ÁXÀ V«cÕ Ã[˝÷Y %Á‰ªK˜* ]c˜ÁXÀ W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ a„Ü l«˘V– W˝∂ˆÇÔ ◊]_ÁcÕÃ^Á C ae„`ÁW˝X
Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á %X«úˆÁX EıÃ[˝Á Ê`“Ã^ïıÃ[˝* [˝Ó◊N˛GTˆ W˝∂ˆÇÔ LÁ◊TˆW˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ %·¯Á◊`“Tˆ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á
%ÁªJÙÃ[˝S XÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„_ LÁ◊Tˆ \ˆÁ◊ÜÃ^Á ^ÁÃ^ A[˝e LÁ◊TˆW˝∂ˆÇÔ _«ä c˜cÕ„_ [˝Ó◊N˛GTˆ
W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ Âl˘y C a«„^ÁG XrÙ c˜Ã^* cÕc˜ÁC W˝∂ˆÇÔa·¯Ã[˝ --- Â^ W˝∂ˆÇÔa·¯„Ã[˝Ã[˝ Y“\ˆÁ„[˝
LÁ◊Tˆ C a·¯Ã[˝EıÁÃ[˝›GS =\ˆ„Ã^ %Tˆ_ XÃ[˝„Eı ◊X]G¬ c˜Ã^* LÁ◊Tˆ„Eı %Á„G Ã[˝l˘Á
Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ c˜Ã^, Tˆ„[˝cÕ [˝Ó◊N˛Ã[˝ %ÁW˝ÓÁ◊≈±¡Eı, ÈX◊TÊı C %Á◊UÔEı =~◊Tˆ ◊XÃ[˝ÁY„V EıÃ[˝Á
^ÁÃ^* [˝SÁÔ ◊`“Tˆ W˝∂ˆÇ„Ô EıC ^«GW˝„∂ˆÇ[ÃÔ ˝ Kª ˜g Á‰ªJÙ Rª ÙÁ◊_Ã^Á G◊QÕˆ„Tˆ XÁ YÁ◊Ã[˝„_ ]c˜ÁXÀ ^«GW˝„∂ˆÇ[ÃÔ ˝
Y“◊TÊ…ı_ G◊Tˆ„Tˆ [˝SÔÁ◊`“Tˆ W˝∂ˆÇÔ ªJ…ÙSÔ C ◊[˝XrÙ c˜cÕÃ^Á a]ÁLC ªJ…ÙSÔ C ◊[˝XrÙ c˜Ã^*
l«˘V– a[[˝˝ÔVÁ ]c˜„TˆÃ[˝ %e` [˝Á ac˜ÁÃ^ÿëˆÃ[˝÷Y, AcÕ a∂ëˆ„µ˘Ã[˝ ◊[˝YÃ[˝›Tˆ %[˝ÿöˆÁÃ^
W˝∂ˆÇÔa·¯Ã[˝aê…ˆTˆ ]c˜ÁXÀ %◊XrÙ H‰ªªRÙO* l«˘V– W˝„∂ˆÇÔ C ]c˜ÁXÀ W˝„∂ˆÇÔ ◊[˝„Ã[˝ÁW˝ c˜cÕ„_ l«˘V–
W˝∂ˆÇÔ Y◊Ã[˝TˆÓÁGY…[[˝ÔEı ]c˜ÁXÀ W˝∂ˆÇÔ %X«úˆÁX ]Ü_Y“V*
%Á]Á„VÃ[˝ =„Å`Ó aXÁTˆX W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ Y“ªJÙÁÃ[˝ C aXÁTˆX-W˝∂ˆÇÔÁ◊`“Tˆ LÁ◊TˆW˝∂ˆÇÔ C
^«GW˝∂ˆÇÔ %X«úˆÁX* %Á]Ã[˝Á \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ[˝Áa›, %Á^ÔÓLÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ [˝e`W˝Ã[˝, %Á^ÔÓ◊`l˘Á C
%Á^ÔÓX›◊TˆÃ[˝ %◊W˝EıÁÃ[˝›* AcÕ %Á^ÔÓ\ˆÁ[˝cÕ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ E«ı_W˝∂ˆÇÔ C LÁ◊TˆW˝∂ˆÇÔ* p˚ÁX,
\ˆ◊N˛ C ◊XõıÁ] Eı∂ˆÇÔ %Á^ÔÓ◊`l˘ÁÃ[˝ ]…_; p˚ÁX, =VÁÃ[˝TˆÁ, ÊY“], aÁcã, `◊N˛,
◊[˝XÃ^ %Á^ÔªÓJÙ◊Ã[˝‰yÃ[˝ _l˘S* ]ÁX[˝LÁ◊Tˆ„Eı p˚ÁX ◊[˝TˆÃ[˝S EıÃ[˝Á, LG„Tˆ =~Tˆ
=VÁÃ[˝ ªJÙ◊Ã[˝‰yÃ[˝ ◊Xõı_·¯ %ÁV`Ô ÂVCÃ^Á, V«[[˝˝Ô_„Eı Ã[˝l˘Á EıÃ[˝Á, Y“[˝_ %TˆÓÁªJÙÁÃ[˝›„Eı
`ÁaX EıÃ[˝Á %Á^ÔÓLÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ L›[˝„XÃ[˝ =„Å`Ó, ÂacÕ =„Å`Ó aÁW˝„X TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝
ªJÙ◊Ã[˝TˆÁUÔTˆÁ* %Á]Ã[˝Á W˝∂ˆÇÔ}rÙ, _l˘Ó}rÙ, W˝∂ˆÇÔa·¯Ã[˝ C }Á◊‹ôâ·«¯_ TˆÁ]◊aEı Â]Á„c˜
Y◊QÕˆÃ^Á %Á^ÔÓ◊`l˘Á C X›◊Tˆc˜ÁÃ[˝Á* %Á]Ã[˝Á %Á^ÔÓLÁ◊Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á `…V–±ºˆ C `…V–W˝∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝÷Y
VÁa±ºˆ %Ü›EıÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á LG„Tˆ Âc˜Ã^, Y“[˝_YVV◊_Tˆ C V«fF-YÃ[˝+Ã[˝Á-Y“Y›◊QÕˆTˆ
c˜cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜* %TÂ[˝ ^◊V [˝gÁª◊ªJÙ„Tˆ c˜Ã^, ^◊V %X‹ôˆ XÃ[˝Eı c˜cÕ„Tˆ ]«N˛ c˜cÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ Â_`]Áy
%◊\ˆ_Áb UÁ„Eı, LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ Ã[˝l˘Á %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ Y“U] Eıw¯¤[˝Ó* LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝l˘ÁÃ[˝ =YÁÃ^
%Á^ÔªÓJÙ◊Ã[˝‰yÃ[˝ Y«XGÔªPˆX* ^Ác˜Á„Tˆ LXX› LXΩ\…ˆ◊]Ã[˝ \ˆÁ[˝› a‹ôˆÁX p˚ÁX›, aTˆÓ◊Xúˆ,
]ÁX[˝‰Y“]Y…SÔ, }ÁT ˆ\ˆÁ„[˝Ã[˝ \ˆÁ[˝«Eı, aÁcã›, `◊N˛]ÁX, ◊[˝X›Tˆ c˜Ã^, a]ÿôˆ LÁ◊Tˆ„Eı,
◊[˝„`bTˆf ^«[˝Eıa+“VÁÃ^„Eı ÂacÕÃ[˝÷Y =Y^«N˛ ◊`l˘Á, =¨JÙ %ÁV`Ô C %Á^ÔÓ\ˆÁ[˝-
=Å›YEı Eı∂ˆÇÔY“SÁ_› ÂVCÃ^Á %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ Y“U] =„Å`Ó* AcÕ EıÁ„^ÔÓ E ıTˆÁUÔ XÁ
c˜CÃ^Á Y^ÔÓ‹ôˆ aXÁTˆX W˝∂ˆÇÔY“ªJÙÁÃ[˝ >bÃ[˝ Âl˘‰y [˝›L[˝YX ]Áy*
LÁ◊TˆW˝∂ˆÇÔ %X«úˆÁ„X ^«GW˝∂ˆÇÔ„a[˝Á ac˜LaÁW˝Ó c˜cÕ„[˝* AcÕ ^«G `◊N˛ C ÊY“„]Ã[˝
^«G* ^FX Eı◊_Ã[˝ %ÁÃ[˝êˆ c˜Ã^, p˚ÁX C Eı∂ˆÇÔ \ˆ◊N˛Ã[˝ %W˝›X C aÁc˜Á^ÓEıÁÃ[˝› c˜cÕÃ^Á
%Á]Á„VÃ[˝ W˝∂ˆÇÔ 79
ÿëˆ ÿëˆ Y“[˝ ◊w¯ ªJÙ◊Ã[˝TˆÁUÔ Eı„Ã[˝, aTˆÓ C `◊N˛ ÊY“]„Eı %Á`“Ã^ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ]ÁX[˝LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝
]„W˝Ó ÊY“]◊[˝EıÁ` Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ a‰ªJÙrÙ c˜Ã^* Â[˝Ïà˘W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ È]y› C VÃ^Á, F–›rÙW˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝
ÊY“]◊`l˘Á, ]«a_]ÁX W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ aÁ]Ó C }ÁT ˆ\ˆÁ[˝, ÂYÏÃ[˝Á◊SEı W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ \ˆ◊N˛ C
ÊY“]\ˆÁ[˝ AcÕ ÊªJÙrÙÁÃ[˝ Zı_ÿëˆÃ[˝÷Y* Eı◊_^«„G aXÁTˆX W˝∂ˆÇÔ È]y›, Eı∂ˆÇÔ, \ˆ◊N˛,
ÊY“], aÁ]Ó C }ÁT ˆ\ˆÁ„[˝Ã[˝ aÁc˜Á^Ó _cÕÃ^Á ]ÁX[˝-Eı_ÓÁS aÁ◊W˝Tˆ Eı„Ã[˝* p˚ÁX,
\ˆ◊N˛ C ◊XõıÁ] Eı∂ˆÇÔ G◊PˆTˆ %Á^ÔÓW˝„∂ˆÇÔ AcÕ `◊N˛aEı_ Y“◊[˝rÙ C ◊[˝Eı◊`Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á
◊[˝ÿôˆÁÃ[˝ C ÿëˆY“[˝ ◊w¯Y…Ã[˝„SÃ[˝ YU Fg«◊L„Tˆ‰ªK˜* `◊N˛ÿˆè«ıÃ[˝„SÃ[˝ _l˘S Eı◊PˆX TˆYaÓÁ,
=¨JÙÁEıÁIl˘Á C ]c˜d Eı∂ˆÇ*Ô ^FX AcÕ LÁ◊Tˆ TˆYÿëˆ›, =¨JÙÁEıÁIl˘›, ]c˜d Eı∂ˆÇYÔ ^Ã“ Áa›
c˜cÕ„[˝, TˆFX [˝«◊Mı„Tˆ c˜cÕ„[˝, LG„TˆÃ[˝ =~◊TˆÃ[˝ ◊VX %ÁÃ[˝ç˘ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜, W˝∂ˆÇÔ◊[˝„Ã[˝Á◊W˝X›
%Áa«◊Ã[˝Eı `◊N˛Ã[˝ a„·¯ÁªJÙ C ÂV[˝`◊N˛Ã[˝ Y«XÃ[˝”xÁX %[˝`ÓêˆÁ[˝›* %TÂ[˝ AcÕÃ[˝÷Y
◊`l˘ÁC [˝Tˆ¤]ÁX a]„Ã^ Y“„Ã^ÁLX›Ã^*
^«GW˝∂ˆÇÔ C LÁ◊TˆW˝∂ˆÇÔ aÁ◊W˝Tˆ c˜cÕ„_ LGd]Ã^ aXÁTˆX W˝∂ˆÇÔ %[˝Á„W˝ Y“ªJÙÁ◊Ã[˝Tˆ
C %X«◊úˆTˆ c˜cÕ„[˝* Y…[[˝ÔEıÁ_ c˜cÕ„Tˆ ^Ác˜Á ◊[˝W˝ÁTˆÁ ◊X◊V¤rÙ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X, Â^ a∂ëˆ„µ˘
\ˆ◊[˝bÓd =◊N˛ `Á‰ÿóˆ ◊_◊FTˆ %Á‰ªK˜, TˆÁc˜ÁC EıÁ„^ÔÓ %X«\…ˆTˆ c˜cÕ„[˝* a]ÿôˆ LGd
%Á^ÔÓ„Vàê…ˆTˆ [˝–°˘p˚ÁX›Ã[˝ ◊XEıªªRÙO p˚ÁX-W˝∂ˆÇÔ-◊`l˘ÁY“ÁUfi c˜cÕÃ^Á \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ\…ˆ◊]„Eı Tˆ›UÔ
]Á◊XÃ^Á %[˝XTˆ ]ÿôˆ„Eı TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Y“ÁW˝ÁXÓ ÿëˆ›EıÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝* ÂacÕ◊VX %ÁXÃ^„XÃ[˝ LXÓ
\ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ[˝Áa›Ã[˝ LÁGÃ[˝S, %Á^ÔÓ \ˆÁ„[˝Ã[˝ X„[˝ÁxÁX*
]ÁÃ^Á
%Á]Á„VÃ[˝ Y«Ã[˝ÁTˆX VÁ`Ô◊XEıGS ^FX LG„TˆÃ[˝ ]…_Tˆ√º¯m◊_Ã[˝ %X«aµ˘Á„X Y“[˝ w¯
c˜cÕ„_X, TˆFX TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á AcÕ Y“Y„á˚Ã[˝ ]…„_ AEıªRÙO› %X`üÃ[˝ [˝ÓÁYEı [˝ÿô«ˆÃ[˝ %◊ÿôˆ±ºˆ
%[˝GTˆ c˜cÕ„_X* %ÁW˝«◊XEı YÁ∏JÙÁTˆÓ ◊[˝p˚ÁX◊[˝VÀGS [˝ßEıÁ„_Ã[˝ %X«aµ˘Á„X [˝Ác˜Ó-
LG„TˆC AcÕ %X`üÃ[˝ a[[˝Ô[˝ÓÁY› AEı„±ºˆÃ[˝ %◊ÿôˆ±ºˆ a∂ëˆ„µ˘ E ıTˆ◊X∏JÙÃ^ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜X*
TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á %ÁEıÁ`„EıcÕ Â\ˆÏ◊TÊı Y“Y„á˚Ã[˝ ]…_Tˆ√º¯ [˝◊_Ã^Á ◊ÿöˆÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X* \ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝
Y«Ã[˝ÁTˆX VÁ`Ô◊XEıGSC [˝ß ac˜ÿÉˆ [˝daÃ[˝ Y…„[[˝Ô AcÕ ◊aà˘Á„‹ôˆ =YX›Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜‰_X
Â^, %ÁEıÁ`cÕ Â\ˆÏ◊TÊı Y“Y„á˚Ã[˝ ]…_ TˆÁc˜Á c˜cÕ„Tˆ %ÁÃ[˝ aEı_ Â\ˆÏ◊TÊı %[˝ÿöˆÁ
Y“ÁE ı◊TÊı Y◊Ã[˝SÁ] •ÁÃ[˝Á =‡…ˆTˆ c˜Ã^* Tˆ„[˝ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á AcÕ ◊aà˘Á‹ôˆ Â`b ◊aà˘Á‹ôˆ
[˝◊_Ã^Á a‹ô«ˆrÙ c˜X XÁcÕ* TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á Â^ÁG[˝„_ a…©øLG„Tˆ Y“„[˝` Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á LÁ◊X„Tˆ
YÁ◊Ã[˝„_X Â^, ÿöˆ…_ Â\ˆÏ◊TÊı Y“Y„á˚Ã[˝ Y∏JÙÁ„Tˆ AEıªRÙO› a…©ø Y“Yá˚ %Á‰ªK˜, AcÕ
Y“Y„á˚Ã[˝ ]…_ Â\ˆÏ◊TÊı Tˆ√º¯ a…©ø %ÁEıÁ`* AcÕ %ÁEıÁ`C Â`b [˝ÿô«ˆ X„c˜, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á
Â`b [˝ÿô«ˆ„Eı Y“W˝ÁX [˝◊_„TˆX* Y“E ı◊Tˆ [˝Á LGXΩÃ^› ◊y‘Ã^Á`◊N˛ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ a[[˝Ô[˝ÓÁY›
&≥V„X AcÕ Y“W˝ÁX a ◊rÙ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á TˆÁc˜Á c˜cÕ„Tˆ ÂEıÁªRÙO› ÂEıÁªRÙO› %S« =dYÁVX Eı„Ã[˝X
A[˝e AcÕ %S« •ÁÃ[˝Á a…©ø\…ˆTˆ G◊PˆTˆ c˜Ã^* Y“E ı◊Tˆ [˝Á ◊y‘Ã^Á`◊N˛ %ÁYXÁÃ[˝ LXÓ
◊EıªK«˜cÕ Eı„Ã[˝X XÁ; ^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ `◊N˛, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝cÕ T«ˆ◊rÙa+ÁVXÁUÔ AcÕ Y“Y„á˚Ã[˝ a ◊rÙ C
XÁXÁ◊[˝W˝ G◊Tˆ* %Á±¡Á [˝Á Y«Ã[˝”b AcÕ Y“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝ y‘›QÕˆÁÃ^ %W˝Ól˘ C aÁl˘›* Y«Ã[˝”b
C Y“E ı◊Tˆ ^Ác˜ÁÃ[˝ ÿëˆÃ[˝÷Y C ◊y‘Ã^Á, ÂacÕ %◊X[[˝ÔªJÙX›Ã^ YÃ[˝[˝–°˘ LG„TˆÃ[˝ %X`üÃ[˝
%◊•Tˆ›Ã^ ]…_ aTˆÓ* ]«FÓ ]«FÓ =Y◊Xb„V %Á^ÔÓ @◊bG„SÃ[˝ Tˆ√º¯-%X«aµ˘Á„X Â^
aTˆÓm◊_Ã[˝ %Á◊[˝õıÁÃ[˝ c˜cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜_, TˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ ÂEı≥V–ÿëˆÃ[˝÷Y AcÕ [˝–°˘[˝ÁV C Y«Ã[˝”b-
Y“E ı◊Tˆ[˝ÁV Y“◊Tˆ◊úˆTˆ %Á‰ªK˜* Tˆ√º¯V◊`ÔGS AcÕ ]…_ aTˆÓm◊_ _cÕÃ^Á XÁXÁ TÊÔı C
[˝ÁV◊[˝[˝Á„V ◊\ˆ~ ◊\ˆ~ ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁY“SÁ_› a ◊rÙ Eı◊Ã[˝„_X* ^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á [˝–°˘[˝ÁV› TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á Â[˝VÁ‹ôˆ
V`Ô„XÃ[˝ Y“[˝w¯Ô Eı; ^gÁc˜Á[Ã ˝Á Y“Eı ◊Tˆ[˝Á„VÃ[˝ Yl˘YÁTˆ› TgˆÁc˜Á[Ã ˝Á aÁÖÓV`ÔX Y“Jª ÙÁ[Ã ˝ Eı◊[Ã ˝„_X*
TˆÁc˜Á ◊\ˆ~ %„X„Eı YÃ[˝]ÁS«„EıcÕ Â\ˆÏ◊TÊı Y“Y„á˚Ã[˝ ]…_Tˆ√º¯ [˝◊_Ã^Á ÿëˆTˆ‹óˆ Y„UÃ[˝
Y◊UEı c˜cÕ„_X* AcÕÃ[˝÷Y XÁXÁ Y‹öˆÁ %Á◊[˝õ ıTˆ c˜cÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ YÃ[˝, `“›E ıb’ G›TˆÁÃ^ AcÕ
aEı_ ◊ªJÙ‹ˆô ÁY“SÁ_›Ã[˝ a]Xü^Ã C aÁ]taÓ ÿöˆÁYX Eı◊[Ã ˝^Ã Á [˝ÓÁa„V„[˝[Ã ˝ ]«„F =Y◊Xb„VÃ[˝
aTˆÓm◊_ Y«XfY“[˝◊wÔ¯Tˆ Eı◊Ã[˝„_X* Y«Ã[˝ÁSEıwÔ¯ÁGSC [˝ÓÁa„V„[˝Ã[˝ Ã[˝◊ªJÙTˆ Y«Ã[˝ÁS„Eı
%ÁW˝ÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ÂacÕ aTˆÓm◊_Ã[˝ XÁXÁ [˝ÓÁFÓÁ --- =YXÓÁa C Ã[˝÷YEı¨K˜„_ aÁW˝ÁÃ[˝S
Â_Á„EıÃ[˝ ◊XEıªRÙO =Y◊ÿöˆTˆ Eı◊Ã[˝„_X* cÕc˜Á„Tˆ ◊[˝•ÁX]â¯_›Ã[˝ [˝ÁV◊[˝[˝ÁV [˝µ˘ c˜cÕ_
]ÁÃ^Á 81
XÁ, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á ÿëˆ ÿëˆ ]Tˆ Y“EıÁ`Y…[[˝ÔEı ◊[˝`VÃ[˝÷„Y V`ÔX`Á‰ÿóˆÃ[˝ ◊[˝◊\ˆ~ `ÁFÁÃ[˝
◊aà˘Á‹ôâEı_ TÊıÔ •ÁÃ[˝Á Y“◊TˆY~ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ _Á◊G„_X* %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ bQÕˆV`Ô„XÃ[˝ %ÁW˝◊« XEı
ÿëˆÃ[˝÷Y AcÕ YÃ[˝[˝w¯fi ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁÃ[˝ Zı_* Â`„b `·¯Ã[˝ÁªJÙÁ^ÔÓ ÂV`]Ã^ Â[˝VÁ‹ôˆ Y“ªJÙÁ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ %Y…[[˝Ô
C ÿöˆÁÃ^› [˝Ó[˝ÿöˆÁ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á aÁW˝ÁÃ[˝S Â_Á„EıÃ[˝ c˜÷V„Ã^ Â[˝VÁ„‹ôˆÃ[˝ %Á◊W˝YTˆÓ [˝à˘]…_
Eı◊Ã[˝„_X* TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Y„Ã[˝ %ÁÃ[˝ YgÁªJÙªRÙO› V`ÔX %îaeFÓEı ◊[˝•Á„XÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó Y“◊Tˆ◊úˆTˆ
c˜cÕÃ^Á Ã[˝◊c˜_ [˝‰ªRÙO, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ TˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ %Á◊W˝YTˆÓ C Y“\ˆÁ[˝ ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ-LGd c˜cÕ„Tˆ Y“ÁÃ^
◊Tˆ„Ã[˝Á◊c˜Tˆ c˜cÕ_* a[[˝ÔLXa∂ˆÇTˆ Â[˝VÁ‹ôˆ V`Ô„XÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó ]Tˆ„\ˆV =dY~ c˜cÕÃ^Á
◊TˆXªRÙO› ]«FÓ `ÁFÁ C %„XEı ÂGÏS `ÁFÁ ÿöˆÁ◊YTˆ c˜cÕ_* p˚ÁXY“W˝ÁX %Í•Tˆ[˝ÁV
A[˝e \ˆ◊N˛Y“W˝ÁX ◊[˝◊`rÙÁÍ•Tˆ[˝ÁV C È•Tˆ[˝Á„VÃ[˝ ◊[˝„Ã[˝ÁW˝ AFXC ◊c˜≥V«W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó
[˝wÔ¯]ÁX* p˚ÁX]ÁGfi, \ˆ„N˛Ã[˝ =ÅÁ] ÊY“] C \ˆÁ[˝Y“[˝STˆÁ„Eı =XΩÁV_l˘S [˝◊_Ã^Á
=QÕˆÁcÕÃ^Á ÂVX; \ˆN˛, p˚ÁX]ÁGfiÃ[˝ Tˆ√º¯p˚ÁX& c˜Á„Eı £õı TÊÔı [˝◊_Ã^Á =„Yl˘Á
Eı„Ã[˝X* =\ˆÃ^ ]TˆcÕ }Á‹ôˆ C a·¯›SÔ* \ˆ◊N˛`…XÓ Tˆ√º¯p˚Á„X %c˜·¯ÁÃ[˝ [˝ ◊à˘ c˜cÕÃ^Á
]«◊N˛YU %[˝Ã[˝”à˘ UÁ„Eı, p˚ÁX`…XÓ \ˆ◊N˛ %µ˘◊[˝`üÁa C }]a·«¯_ TˆÁ]◊aEıTˆÁ
=dYÁVX Eı„Ã[˝* Y“E ıTˆ =Y◊XbV-V◊`ÔTˆ W˝∂ˆÇÔY„U p˚ÁX \ˆ◊N˛ C Eı„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ aÁ]taÓ
C YÃ[˝&Ã[˝ ac˜ÁÃ^TˆÁ Ã[˝◊l˘Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜*
^◊V a[[˝Ô[˝ÓÁY› C a[[˝ÔLXa∂ˆÇTˆ %Á^ÔÓW˝∂ˆÇÔ Y“ªJÙÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ c˜Ã^, TˆÁc˜Á c˜cÕ„_
TˆÁc˜Á Y“E ıTˆ %Á^ÔÓp˚Á„XÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ aeÿöˆÁ◊YTˆ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ c˜cÕ„[˝* V`ÔX`Áÿóˆ ◊ªJÙÃ[˝EıÁ_
AEıYl˘-Y“EıÁÈı C %a+…SÔ* a]ÿôˆ LGd AEı a·¯›SÔ ]„TˆÃ[˝ %X«^ÁÃ^› TÊÔı
•ÁÃ[˝Á a›]Á[˝à˘ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ ÂG„_ a„TˆÓÃ[˝ AEı◊VEı ◊[˝`VÃ[˝÷„Y [˝ÓÁFÓÁTˆ c˜Ã^ [˝‰ªRÙO, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ
%YÃ[˝◊V„Eı[Ã ˝ %Y_ÁY c˜^Ã * %Í•Tˆ[˝ÁV›◊V„GÃ[˝ ]ÁÃ^Á[˝ÁV Ac˜[ÃO ˝÷Y %Y_Á„YÃ[˝ V rÙÁ‹ôˆ*
[˝°– ˘ aTˆÓ, LGd ◊]UÓÁ, c˜cO ˜ÁcÕ ]ÁÃ^Á[˝Á„VÃ[˝ ]…_]‹óˆ* AcÕ ]‹óˆ Â^ LÁ◊Tˆ[Ã ˝ ◊ªJÙ‹ˆô ÁY“SÁ_›Ã[˝
]…_]‹óˆ[Ã ˝÷„Y Y“◊Tˆ◊úˆTˆ c˜^Ã , ÂacÕ LÁ◊Tˆ[Ã ˝ ]„W˝Ó p˚ÁX◊_¥aÁ, È[˝[Ã ˝ÁGÓ C a~ÓÁa◊Y“^Ã TˆÁ
[˝◊à˘¤Tˆ c˜Ã^, Ã[˝Lf`◊N˛ ◊Tˆ„Ã[˝Á◊c˜Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á a√º¯ C Tˆ]f Y“Á[˝_ÓY“Áä c˜Ã^ A[˝e
AEı◊V„Eı p˚ÁXY“Áä a~ÓÁa›, aeaÁ„Ã[˝ LÁTˆ◊[˝T ˆb’ ÊY“◊]Eı \ˆN˛ C `Á◊‹ôˆY“ÁUfi
È[˝Ã[˝ÁG›Ã[˝ aeFÓÁ[˝ ◊à˘, %YÃ[˝◊V„Eı TˆÁ]◊aEı %p˚ %Y“[˝ ◊w¯-]«Ñ˘ %Eı∂ˆÇÔSÓ aÁW˝ÁÃ[˝S
Y“LÁÃ[˝ V«Å¤`ÁcÕ aeH◊ªRÙOTˆ c˜Ã^* \ˆÁÃ[˝„Tˆ ]ÁÃ^Á[˝Á„VÃ[˝ Y“ªJÙÁ„Ã[˝ TˆÁc˜ÁcÕ H◊ªRÙOÃ^Á‰ªK˜* LGd
^◊V ◊]UÓÁcÕ c˜Ã^, Tˆ„[˝ p˚ÁXT ˆb’Á ◊\ˆ~ a[[˝Ô‰ªJÙrÙÁ ◊XÃ[˝UÔEı C %◊XrÙEıÃ[˝ [˝◊_„Tˆ
c˜Ã^* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ]ÁX«„bÃ[˝ L›[˝„X p˚ÁXT ˆb’Á ◊\ˆ~ %„XEı Y“[˝_ C =Y„^ÁG› [˝ ◊w¯ y‘›QÕˆÁ
Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜, ÂacÕ aEı„_Ã[˝ =„Yl˘ÁÃ^ ÂEıÁXC LÁ◊Tˆ ◊ªRÙO◊Eı„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ XÁ* AcÕ %X„UÔÃ[˝
\ˆ„Ã^ `·¯Ã[˝ÁªJÙÁ^ÔÓ YÁÃ[˝]Á◊UÔEı C [˝Ó[˝c˜Á◊Ã[˝Eı [˝◊_Ã^Á p˚Á„XÃ[˝ V«cÕª◊ªRÙO %Ü ÂVFÁcÕÃ^Á
%◊W˝EıÁÃ[˝„\ˆ„V p˚ÁX C Eı„∂ˆÇ[ÃÔ ˝ [˝Ó[˝ÿˆö Á Eı◊Ã[˝„_X* ◊Eı‹ôˆ« ◊Tˆ◊X ÂacÕ ^«„GÃ[˝ ◊y‘Ã^Áa·«¯_
Eı∂ˆÇÔ]Á„GÔÃ[˝ Tˆ›[˝– Y“◊Tˆ[˝ÁV EıÃ[˝ÁÃ^ ◊[˝YÃ[˝›Tˆ Zı_ Zı◊_Ã^Á‰ªK˜* `·¯„Ã[˝Ã[˝ Y“\ˆÁ„[˝ ÂacÕ
Eı∂ˆÇÔ]ÁGÔ _«äY“ÁÃ^ c˜cÕ_, È[˝◊VEı ◊y‘Ã^ÁaEı_ ◊Tˆ„Ã[˝Á◊c˜Tˆ c˜cÕ_, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ aÁW˝ÁÃ[˝S
Â_Á„EıÃ[˝ ]„X LGd ]ÁÃ^Áa rÙ, Eı∂ˆÇÔ %p˚ÁXY“a…Tˆ C ]«◊N˛Ã[˝ ◊[˝„Ã[˝ÁW˝›, %V rÙcÕ
a«F-V«f„FÃ[˝ EıÁÃ[˝S cÕTˆÓÁ◊V Tˆ]f-Y“[˝wÔ¯Eı ]Tˆ A]X V ªRÕÙÃ[˝÷„Y [˝◊aÃ^Á ÂG_ Â^,
Ã[˝Lf`◊N˛Ã[˝ Y«XfY“EıÁ` %aêˆ[˝ c˜cÕÃ^Á =◊Pˆ_* %Á^ÔÓLÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ Ã[˝l˘ÁUÔ \ˆG[˝ÁX Y«Ã[˝ÁS
C Tˆ‹óˆY“ªJÙÁ„Ã[˝ ]ÁÃ^Á[˝Á„VÃ[˝ Y“◊Tˆ„Ã[˝ÁW˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„_X* Y«Ã[˝Á„S =Y◊XbVY“a…Tˆ %Á^ÔÓW˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝
XÁXÁ◊VEı EıTÊıªRÙOÁ Ã[˝◊l˘Tˆ c˜cÕ_, Tˆ‹óˆ `◊N˛-=YÁaXÁÃ^ ]«◊N˛ C \ˆ◊N˛ Ã[˝÷Y ◊•◊[˝W˝-
Zı_-Y“ÁäÓUÔ Â_ÁEı„Eı Eı„∂ˆÇÔ Y“[˝ w¯ EıÃ[˝ÁcÕ„_X* Y“ÁÃ^cÕ ^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝l˘ÁUÔ ^«à˘
Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X, Y“TˆÁY◊aec˜, ◊`[˝ÁL›, Y“TˆÁYÁ◊VTˆÓ, ªJgÙÁVÃ[˝ÁÃ^ Y“\ ˆ◊Tˆ Y“ÁÃ^ aEı„_cÕ
`◊N˛-=YÁaEı [˝Á TˆÁ◊‹óÊı Â^ÁG›Ã[˝ ◊`bÓ ◊ªK˜„_X* Tˆ]fY“a…Tˆ %X„UÔÃ[˝ ◊X„bW˝
Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ G›TˆÁÃ^ `“›E ıb’ Eı∂ˆÇÔa~ÓÁ„aÃ[˝ ◊[˝„Ã[˝ÁW˝› =Y„V` ◊VÃ^Á‰ªK˜X*
]ÁÃ^Á[˝ÁV a„TˆÓÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ Y“◊Tˆ◊úˆTˆ* =Y◊Xb„VC [˝_Á c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜ Â^, <`üÃ[˝
YÃ[˝] ]ÁÃ^Á[˝›, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ]ÁÃ^Á •ÁÃ[˝Á V `Ó LGd a ◊rÙ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X* G›TˆÁÃ^C `“›E ıb’
[˝◊_Ã^Á‰ªK˜X Â^, ËymSÓ]Ã^› ]ÁÃ^ÁcÕ a]ÿôˆ LGd [˝ÓÁä Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á Ã[˝◊c˜Ã^Á‰ªK˜* AEıcÕ
%◊X[[˝ÔªJÙX›Ã^ [˝–°˘ LG„TˆÃ[˝ ]…_ aTˆÓ, a]ÿôˆ Y“Yá˚ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ %◊\ˆ[˝Ó◊N˛ ]Áy, ÿëˆÃê
Y◊Ã[˝SÁ]`›_ C X`üÃ[˝* ^◊V [˝–°˘ AEıcÕ aXÁTˆX aTˆÓ c˜Ã^, Â\ˆV C [˝ß±ºˆ ÂEıÁUÁ
c˜cÕ„Tˆ Y“a…Tˆ, ◊Eı„aÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó Y“◊Tˆ◊úˆTˆ, ◊EıÃ[˝÷„Y =dY~, AcÕ Y“`¬ %◊X[˝Á^ÔÓ* [˝–°˘
^◊V AEı]Áy aTˆÓ c˜Ã^, Tˆ„[˝ [˝–°˘ c˜cÕ„TˆcÕ Â\ˆV C [˝ß±ºˆ Y“a…Tˆ, [˝–„°˘Ã[˝ ]„W˝Ó
Y“◊Tˆ◊úˆTˆ, [˝–„°˘Ã[˝ ÂEıÁX %◊X[[˝ÔªJÙX›Ã^ `◊N˛ •ÁÃ[˝Á =dY~, cÕc˜ÁcÕ =Y◊Xb„VÃ[˝
=w¯Ã[˝* ÂacÕ `◊N˛„Eı ÂEıÁUÁC ]ÁÃ^Á[˝›Ã[˝ ]ÁÃ^Á, ÂEıÁUÁC Y«Ã[˝”b-%◊W˝◊úˆTˆ Y“E ı◊Tˆ,
ÂEıÁUÁC <`ü„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ◊[˝VÓÁ-%◊[˝VÓÁ]Ã^› cÕ¨K˜Á`◊N˛ [˝_Á c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜* cÕc˜Á„Tˆ TˆÁ◊EÔı„EıÃ[˝
]X a‹ô«ˆrÙ c˜cÕ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ XÁcÕ; ◊EıÃ[˝÷„Y AEı [˝ß c˜Ã^, %„\ˆ„V Â\ˆV =dY~ c˜Ã^,
TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ a„‹ôˆÁbLXEı [˝ÓÁFÓÁ c˜Ã^ XÁcÕ* Â`„b AEıªRÙO› ac˜L =w¯Ã[˝ ]„X =VÃ^ c˜cÕ_,
AEı [˝ß c˜Ã^ XÁ, aXÁTˆX %„\ˆ„V Â\ˆV =dY~ c˜cÕ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ XÁ, [˝ß ◊]UÓÁ, Â\ˆV
%_›Eı, aXÁTˆX %◊•Tˆ›Ã^ %Á±¡ÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó ÿëˆ‰Y¬Ã[˝ XÓÁÃ^ \ˆÁa]ÁX ]ÁÃ^Á ]Áy, %Á±¡ÁcÕ
aTˆÓ, %Á±¡ÁcÕ aXÁTˆX* cÕc˜Á„TˆC ÂGÁ_, ]ÁÃ^Á %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ ◊Eı, ]ÁÃ^Á ÂEıÁUÁ c˜cÕ„Tˆ
Y“a…Tˆ, ◊Eı„aÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó Y“◊Tˆ◊úˆTˆ, ◊EıÃ[˝÷„Y =dY~ c˜Ã^? `·¯Ã[˝ =w¯Ã[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„_X, ]ÁÃ^Á
◊Eı TˆÁc˜Á [˝_Á ^ÁÃ^ XÁ, ]ÁÃ^Á %◊X[[˝ÔªJÙX›Ã^, ]ÁÃ^Á Y“a…Tˆ c˜Ã^ XÁ, ]ÁÃ^Á ◊ªJÙÃ[˝EıÁ_
%Á‰ªK˜ %UªJÙ XÁcÕ* ÂGÁ_ ◊]◊ªRÙO_ XÁ, a„‹ôˆÁbLXEı =w¯Ã[˝ YÁCÃ^Á ÂG_ XÁ* AcÕ
]ÁÃ^Á 83
Tˆ„EÔı AEı %◊•Tˆ›Ã^ [˝–„°˘Ã[˝ ]„W˝Ó %ÁÃ[˝-AEıªRÙO› aXÁTˆX %◊X[[˝ÔªJÙX›Ã^ [˝ÿô«ˆ Y“◊Tˆ◊úˆTˆ
c˜cÕ_, AEı±ºˆ Ã[˝◊l˘Tˆ c˜cÕ_ XÁ*
`·¯„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ^«◊N˛ c˜cÕ„Tˆ =Y◊Xb„VÃ[˝ ^«◊N˛ =dE ırÙ* \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ Y“E ı◊Tˆ LG„TˆÃ[˝
]…_, ÂacÕ Y“Eı ◊Tˆ `◊N˛, a◊¨JÙVÁX„≥VÃ[˝ a◊¨JÙVÁX≥V]Ã^› `◊N˛* %Á±¡ÁÃ[˝ Y„l˘ \ˆG[˝ÁX
YÃ[˝]Á±¡Á, LG„TˆÃ[˝ Y„l˘ YÃ[˝„]`üÃ[˝* YÃ[˝„]`ü„Ã[˝Ã[˝ cÕ¨K˜Á `◊N˛]Ã^›; ÂacÕ cÕ¨K˜ÁÃ[˝
•ÁÃ[˝ÁcÕ AEı c˜cÕ„Tˆ [˝ß, %„\ˆ„V Â\ˆV =dY~ c˜Ã^* YÃ[˝]Á„UÔÃ[˝ ◊cãÁ„[˝ [˝–°˘ aTˆÓ,
LGd ◊]UÓÁ, YÃ[˝Á]ÁÃ^ÁY“a…Tˆ, EıÁÃ[˝S [˝–°˘ c˜cÕ„Tˆ =dY~ c˜Ã^, [˝–„°˘Ã[˝ ]„W˝Ó ◊[˝_›X
c˜Ã^* ÂVÈıÁ„_Ã[˝ ]„W˝ÓcÕ Y“Y„á˚Ã[˝ %◊ÿôˆ±ºˆ, [˝–„°˘Ã[˝ ÂVÈıÁ_ÁTˆ›Tˆ %[˝ÿöˆÁÃ^ TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝
%◊ÿôˆ±ºˆ XÁcÕ* [˝–„°˘Ã[˝ ]„W˝Ó Y“Yá˚^«N˛ ÂVÈıÁ_; [˝–°˘ ÂVÈıÁ„_Ã[˝ ]„W˝Ó %Á[˝à˘
X„c˜* LGd [˝–°˘ c˜cÕ„Tˆ Y“a…Tˆ, [˝–„°˘Ã[˝ ]„W˝Ó [˝wÔ¯]ÁX, aXÁTˆX %◊X„Å¤`Ó [˝–„°˘
%ÁVÓ‹ôˆ◊[˝◊`rÙ LG„TˆÃ[˝ Y“◊TˆúˆÁ, Tˆy [˝–„°˘Ã[˝ ◊[˝VÓÁ-%◊[˝VÓÁ]Ã^› `◊N˛ •ÁÃ[˝Á a rÙ
c˜cÕÃ^Á ◊[˝Ã[˝ÁL Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜* Â^]X ]ÁX«„bÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó Y“E ıTˆ aTˆÓ =Y_◊ç˘ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝
`◊N˛ [˝ÓTˆ›Tˆ EıîXÁ •ÁÃ[˝Á %_›Eı [˝ÿô«ˆ =Y_◊ç˘ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ `◊N˛ ◊[˝VÓ]ÁX, ÂTˆ]◊X
[˝–„°˘Ã[˝ ]„W˝ÓC ◊[˝VÓÁ C %◊[˝VÓÁ, aTˆÓ C %X Tˆ %Á‰ªK˜* Tˆ„[˝ %X Tˆ ÂVÈıÁ„_Ã[˝
a ◊rÙ* Â^]X ]ÁX«„bÃ[˝ EıîXÁ ÂVÈıÁ„_Ã[˝ G◊Tˆ„Tˆ a„TˆÓ Y◊Ã[˝STˆ c˜Ã^, ÂTˆ]XcÕ
^Ác˜Á„Eı %Á]Ã[˝Á %X Tˆ [˝◊_, TˆÁc˜Á a[[˝ÔUÁ %X Tˆ X„c˜, a„TˆÓÃ[˝ %XX«\…ˆTˆ ◊VEı
]Áy* Y“E ıTˆY„l˘ a[[˝Ôe aTˆÓe; ÂVÈıÁ_ÁTˆ›Tˆ %[˝ÿöˆÁÃ^ LGd ◊]UÓÁ, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ %Á]Ã[˝Á
ÂVÈıÁ_ÁTˆ›Tˆ X◊c˜, %Á]Ã[˝Á LGd ◊]UÓÁ [˝◊_[˝ÁÃ[˝ %◊W˝EıÁÃ[˝› X◊c˜* ÂVÈıÁ„_Ã[˝
]„W˝Ó LGd ◊]UÓÁ X„c˜, LGd aTˆÓ* ^FX ÂVÈıÁ_ÁTˆ›Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á [˝–„°˘ ◊[˝_›X
c˜cÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ a]Ã^ %Á◊a„[˝ C `◊N˛ =dY~ c˜cÕ„[˝, TˆFX %Á]Ã[˝Á LGd ◊]UÓÁ [˝◊_„Tˆ
YÁ◊Ã[˝[˝, %X◊W˝EıÁÃ[˝› [˝◊_„_ ◊]UÓÁªJÙÁÃ[˝ C W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ ◊[˝YÃ[˝›Tˆ G◊Tˆ c˜Ã^* %Á]Á„VÃ[˝
Y„l˘ [˝–°˘ aTˆÓ, LGd ◊]UÓÁ [˝_Á %„Yl˘Á [˝–°˘ aTˆÓ, LGd [˝–°˘ [˝_Á =◊ªJÙTˆ*
cÕc˜ÁcÕ =Y◊Xb„VÃ[˝ =Y„V`, a[[˝Ôe F◊_üVe [˝–°˘, AcÕ a„TˆÓÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ %Á^ÔÓW˝∂ˆÇÔ
Y“◊Tˆ◊úˆTˆ*
%c˜·¯ÁÃ[˝
%Á]Á„VÃ[˝ \ˆÁbÁÃ^ %c˜·¯ÁÃ[˝ `åªRÙO›Ã[˝ A]X ◊[˝E ıTˆ %UÔ c˜cÕÃ^Á ◊GÃ^Á‰ªK˜ Â^,
%Á^ÔÓW˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ Y“W˝ÁX Y“W˝ÁX Tˆ√º¯ [˝«MıÁcÕ„Tˆ %„XEı a]Ã^ ÂGÁ_ c˜cÕÃ^Á Y‰QÕˆ* G[[˝Ô
Ã[˝ÁL◊aEı %c˜·¯Á„Ã[˝Ã[˝ AEıªRÙOÁ ◊[˝„`b Y◊Ã[˝SÁ] ]Áy, %UªJÙ aÁW˝ÁÃ[˝STˆf %c˜·¯ÁÃ[˝
`„åÃ[˝ AcÕ %UÔcÕ Â[˝ÁMıÁ ^ÁÃ^ Â^, %c˜·¯ÁÃ[˝ TˆÓÁ„GÃ[˝ EıUÁ [˝◊_„Tˆ G[[˝Ô Y◊Ã[˝TˆÓÁG
[˝Á Ã[˝ÁL◊aEı %c˜·¯ÁÃ[˝ [˝#¤„XÃ[˝ EıUÁ ]„X =‰Pˆ* Y“E ıTˆY„l˘ %c˜ep˚ÁX ]ÁycÕ
%c˜·¯ÁÃ[˝* %c˜e[˝«◊à˘ ]ÁX„[˝Ã[˝ ◊[˝p˚ÁX]Ã^ %Á±¡ÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó a rÙ c˜Ã^ A[˝e Y“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝
%‹ôˆGÔTˆ ◊TˆX◊ªRÙO m„SÃ[˝ y‘›QÕˆÁÃ^ TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ◊TˆX Y“EıÁÃ[˝ [˝ ◊w¯ ◊[˝Eı◊`Tˆ c˜Ã^, aÁ◊√º¯Eı
%c˜·¯ÁÃ[˝, Ã[˝ÁL◊aEı %c˜·¯ÁÃ[˝ C TˆÁ]◊aEı %c˜·¯ÁÃ[˝* aÁ◊√º¯Eı %c˜·¯ÁÃ[˝ p˚ÁXY“W˝ÁX
C a«FY“W˝ÁX* %Á]ÁÃ[˝ p˚ÁX c˜cÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜, %Á]ÁÃ[˝ %ÁX≥V c˜cÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜, AcÕ \ˆÁ[˝m◊_
aÁ◊√º¯Eı %c˜·¯Á„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ◊y‘Ã^Á* aÁW˝„EıÃ[˝ %c˜e, \ˆ„N˛Ã[˝ %c˜e, p˚ÁX›Ã[˝ %c˜e, ◊XõıÁ]
Eı∂ˆÇfiÃ[˝ %c˜e a√º¯Y“W˝ÁX, p˚ÁXY“W˝ÁX, a«FY“W˝ÁX* Ã[˝ÁL◊aEı %c˜·¯ÁÃ[˝ Eı∂ˆÇÔY“W˝ÁX*
%Á◊] Eı∂ˆÇÔ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ◊ªK˜, %Á◊] LÃ^ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ◊ªK˜, YÃ[˝Á◊LTˆ c˜cÕ„Tˆ◊ªK˜, ÊªJÙrÙÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ◊ªK˜,
%Á]ÁÃ[˝cÕ EıÁ^ÔÓ◊a◊à˘, %Á]ÁÃ[˝cÕ %◊a◊à˘, %Á◊] [˝_[˝ÁX, %Á◊] ◊aà˘, %Á◊] a«F›,
%Á◊] V«fF›, AcÕ aEı_ \ˆÁ[˝ Ã[˝LfY“W˝ÁX, Eı∂ˆÇÔY“W˝ÁX, Y“[˝ ◊w¯LXEı* TˆÁ]◊aEı
%c˜·¯ÁÃ[˝ %p˚TˆÁ C ◊X‰∏JÙrÙTˆÁÃ^ Y…SÔ* %Á◊] %W˝], %Á◊] ◊XÃ[˝”YÁÃ^, %Á◊] %_a,
%l˘], c˜›X, %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ÂEıÁXC %Á`Á XÁcÕ, Y“E ı◊Tˆ„Tˆ _›X c˜cÕ„Tˆ◊ªK˜, _›X c˜CÃ^ÁcÕ
%Á]ÁÃ[˝ G◊Tˆ, AcÕ aEı_ \ˆÁ[˝ Tˆ]fY“W˝ÁX %Y“[˝ ◊w¯ C %Y“EıÁ`LXEı* ^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á
TˆÁ]◊aEı %c˜·¯Á„Ã[˝ ◊zırÙ, TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ G[[˝Ô XÁcÕ, %UªJÙ %c˜·¯ÁÃ[˝ Y…SÔ]ÁyÁÃ^ %Á‰ªK˜,
◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ÂacÕ %c˜·¯ÁÃ[˝ %„W˝ÁG◊Tˆ, XÁ` C `…XÓ[˝–°˘Y“Á◊äÃ[˝ Âc˜T«ˆ* Â^]X G„[[˝ÔÃ[˝
%c˜·¯ÁÃ[˝ %Á‰ªK˜ ÂTˆ]XcÕ X∂ÉˆTˆÁÃ[˝ %c˜·¯ÁÃ[˝C %Á‰ªK˜, Â^]X [˝„_Ã[˝ %c˜·¯ÁÃ[˝ %Á‰ªK˜,
ÂTˆ]XcÕ V«[[˝Ô_TˆÁÃ[˝ %c˜·¯ÁÃ[˝C %Á‰ªK˜* ^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á TˆÁ]◊aEı\ˆÁ„[˝ G[[˝Ôc˜›X, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á
%W˝], V«[[˝Ô_, \ˆ„Ã^ C ◊XÃ[˝Á`ÁÃ^ YÃ[˝YVÁXTˆ* TˆÁ]◊aEı X∂ÉˆTˆÁ, TˆÁ]◊aEı l˘]Á,
TˆÁ]◊aEı a◊c˜b«’TˆÁÃ[˝ ÂEıÁXC ]…_Ó XÁcÕ C ÂEıÁXC a«Zı_ XÁcÕ* ◊^◊X a[[˝Ôy
XÁÃ[˝ÁÃ^S„Eı V`ÔX Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á aEı„_Ã[˝ ◊XEıªRÙO X∂Éˆ, a◊c˜b«’ C l˘]Á[˝ÁXÀ c˜X, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝cÕ
Y«SÓ c˜Ã^* ◊^◊X AcÕ aEı_ %c˜· ¯Tˆ [˝ ◊w¯ Y◊Ã[˝TˆÓÁG Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ËymSÓ]Ã^› ]ÁÃ^Á„Eı
%◊Tˆy‘] Eı„Ã[˝X, TˆÁgc˜ÁÃ[˝ G[[˝ÔC XÁcÕ, X∂ÉˆTˆÁC XÁcÕ, \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ LGXΩÃ^› `◊N˛
TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ]XY“ÁSÃ[˝÷Y %ÁW˝Á„Ã[˝ Â^ \ˆÁ[˝ ÂVX, ◊Tˆ◊X TˆÁc˜Á _cÕÃ^Á a‹ô«ˆrÙ, %XÁaN˛ C
%ªRÙO_ `Á◊‹ôˆ C %ÁX≥V Y“Áä c˜cÕÃ^Á UÁ„EıX* TˆÁ]◊aEı %c˜·¯ÁÃ[˝ a[[˝ÔUÁ [˝#¤X›Ã^*
%c˜·¯ÁÃ[˝ 85
Ã[˝ÁL◊aEı %c˜·¯ÁÃ[˝„Eı LÁGÁcÕÃ^Á a√º¯-Y“a…Tˆ p˚Á„XÃ[˝ aÁc˜Á„^Ó TˆÁc˜Á ◊X∂ˆÇ…Ô_ EıÃ[˝Á

=~◊TˆÃ[˝ Y“U] ÂaÁYÁX* Ã[˝ÁL◊aEı %c˜·¯Á„Ã[˝Ã[˝ c˜ÿôˆ c˜cÕ„Tˆ ]«◊N˛Ã[˝ =YÁÃ^ p˚ÁX C
`“à˘Á C \ˆ◊N˛Ã[˝ ◊[˝EıÁ`* a√º¯Y“W˝ÁX [˝Ó◊N˛ [˝„_X XÁ Â^, %Á◊] a«F›; ◊Tˆ◊X [˝„_X,
%Á]ÁÃ[˝ Y“Á„S a«F◊[˝EıÁ` c˜cÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜, ◊Tˆ◊X [˝„_X XÁ Â^, %Á◊] p˚ÁX›; ◊Tˆ◊X [˝„_X,
%Á]ÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó p˚ÁXaá˚ÁÃ[˝ c˜cÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜* ◊Tˆ◊X LÁ„XX Â^, ÂacÕ a«F C p˚ÁX TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝
X„c˜, LGXΩÁTˆÁÃ[˝* %UªJÙ a[[˝ÔY“EıÁÃ[˝ %X«\ˆ„[˝Ã[˝ a◊c˜Tˆ ^FX %ÁX≥Va„êˆÁ„GÃ[˝
LXÓ ◊_äTˆÁ UÁ„Eı TˆFX ÂacÕ p˚ÁX› [˝Á \ˆ„N˛Ã[˝ \ˆÁ[˝ %c˜·¯ Tˆ* ""%Á]ÁÃ[˝ c˜c˜„O Tˆ‰Kª ˜'',
^FX [˝_Á c˜Ã^ TˆFX %c˜e[˝«◊à˘ Y◊Ã[˝TˆÓÁG EıÃ[˝Á c˜cÕ_ XÁ* mSÁTˆ›Tˆ [˝Ó◊N˛cÕ
a+…SÔ %c˜·¯ÁÃ[˝LÃ^›* ◊Tˆ◊X LÁ„XX, L›[˝ aÁl˘› C Â\ˆÁN˛Á, Y«Ã[˝”„bÁw¯] %X«]‹ôˆÁ,
Y“E ı◊Tˆ EıwÔ¯Á, cÕc˜ÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó ""%Á◊]'' XÁcÕ, a[˝cÕ AEı„][˝Á◊•Tˆ›Ãê [˝–„°˘Ã[˝ ◊[˝VÓÁ-
◊[˝VÓÁ]Ã^› `◊N˛Ã[˝ _›_Á* %c˜ep˚ÁX L›[˝-%◊W˝◊úˆTˆ Y“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó AEıªRÙO› ]ÁÃ^ÁY“a…Tˆ
\ˆÁ[˝]Áy* AcÕ %c˜ep˚ÁXÃ[˝◊c˜Tˆ \ˆÁ„[˝Ã[˝ Â`b %[˝ÿöˆÁ a◊¨JÙVÁX„≥V _Ã^* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ◊^◊X
mSÁTˆ›Tˆ c˜c˜^ÃO ÁC Y«[Ã ˝”„bÁw¯„]Ã[˝ c˜Ö K˜Á^Ã _›_Á-]„W˝Ó %[˝ÿˆö ÁX Eı„[Ã ˝X, ◊Tˆ◊X Y«[Ã ˝”„bÁw¯]
C L›„[˝Ã[˝ ÿëˆTˆ‹óˆ %◊ÿôˆ±ºˆ Ã[˝l˘Á Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á %ÁYXÁ„Eı Y“E ı◊Tˆ◊[˝◊`rÙ \ˆG[˝Ve` [˝«◊MıÃ^Á
_›_ÁÃ[˝ EıÁ^ÔÓ a+~ Eı„Ã[˝X* AcÕ \ˆÁ[˝„Eı %c˜·¯ÁÃ[˝ [˝_Á ^ÁÃ^ XÁ* AcÕ \ˆÁ[˝
YÃ[˝„]`ü„Ã[˝Ã[˝C %Á‰ªK˜, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó %p˚ÁX C ◊_äTˆÁ XÁcÕ, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ %ÁX≥V]Ã^
%[˝ÿöˆÁ ÿëˆÿöˆ XÁ c˜cÕÃ^Á LGXΩ∆F› c˜Ã^* ^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ AcÕ \ˆÁ[˝, ◊Tˆ◊XcÕ L›[˝XΩ«N˛* _Ã^-
Ã[˝÷Y ]«◊N˛ ÂVc˜YÁ„Tˆ _Á\ˆ EıÃ[˝Á ^ÁÃ^* L›[˝XΩ∆N˛V`Á ÂV„c˜cÕ %X«\…ˆTˆ c˜Ã^*
◊X[˝ ◊w¯
%Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ÂV„` W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ EıFXC a·¯›SÔ C L›[˝„XÃ[˝ ]c˜d Eı„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ ◊[˝„Ã[˝ÁW˝›
[˝ÓÁFÓÁ ]X›◊bG„SÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó G c˜›Tˆ c˜cÕTˆ XÁ* a]ÿôˆ L›[˝XcÕ W˝∂ˆÇÔ„l˘y, ◊c˜≥V«Ã[˝ p˚ÁX
C ◊`l˘ÁÃ[˝ ]…„_ AcÕ ]c˜d C G\ˆ›Ã[˝ Tˆ√º¯ ◊X◊c˜Tˆ ◊ªK˜_* YÁ∏JÙÁTˆÓ ◊`l˘ÁÃ[˝ &„`Ô
Eı_«◊bTˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ p˚ÁX C ◊`l˘ÁÃ[˝ ◊[˝E ıTˆ C %ÿëˆÁ\ˆÁ◊[˝Eı %[˝ÿöˆÁ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜*
%Á]Ã[˝Á Y“ÁÃ^cÕ AcÕ }Á‹ôˆ W˝ÁÃ[˝SÁÃ[˝ [˝`›\…ˆTˆ c˜cÕ Â^, a~ÓÁa, \ˆ◊N˛, C aÁ◊√º¯Eı \ˆÁ[˝
◊\ˆ~ %ÁÃ[˝ ◊EıªK«˜ W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ %Ü c˜cÕ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ XÁ* YÁ∏JÙÁTˆÓGS AcÕ a·¯›SÔ W˝ÁÃ[˝SÁ
_cÕÃ^Á W˝∂ˆÇÔÁ„_ÁªJÙXÁ Eı„Ã[˝X* ◊c˜≥V«Ã[˝Á W˝∂ˆÇÔ C %W˝∂ˆÇÔ AcÕ V«cÕ \ˆÁ„G L›[˝„XÃ[˝ ^Tˆ
EıÁ^ÔÓ ◊[˝\ˆN˛ Eı◊Ã[˝„TˆX; YÁ∏JÙÁTˆÓ LG„Tˆ W˝∂ˆÇÔ, %W˝∂ˆÇÔ C W˝∂ˆÇÔÁW˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ [˝◊c˜\…ˆ¤Tˆ
L›[˝„XÃ[˝ %◊W˝EıÁe` ◊y‘Ã^Á C [˝ ◊w¯Ã[˝ %X«`›_X, AcÕ ◊TˆX \ˆÁG EıÃ[˝Á c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜*
\ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ Y“èaÁ, Y“ÁUÔXÁ, aeEı›wÔ¯X, ◊G#¤ÁÃ^ YÁV–›Ã[˝ [˝N ˛TˆÁ `“[˝S cÕTˆÓÁ◊V
Eı∂ˆÇÔ„Eı W˝∂ˆÇÔ [˝Á religion [˝„_, morality [˝Á adEıÁ^ÔÓ W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ %Ü X„c˜, TˆÁc˜Á
ÿëˆTˆ‹óˆ, Tˆ„[˝ %„X„EıcÕ religion C morality V«cÕªRÙO›cÕ W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ ÂGÏS %Ü [˝◊_Ã^Á
ÿëˆ›EıÁÃ[˝C Eı„Ã[˝X* ◊G#¤Á^Ã XÁ ^ÁCÃ^Á, XÁ◊ÿôÊı[˝ÁV [˝Á ae`Ã^[˝ÁV A[˝e religionAÃ[˝
◊X≥VÁ [˝Á Tˆda∂ëˆ„µ˘ DVÁa›XÓ„Eı %W˝∂ˆÇÔ (irreligion) [˝„_, E«ıEıÁ^ÔÓ„Eı immo-
rality [˝„_, Y…„[[˝ÔÁN˛ ]TˆÁX«aÁ„Ã[˝ TˆÁc˜ÁC %W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ %Ü* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ %◊W˝EıÁe` Eı∂ˆÇÔ
C [˝ ◊w¯ W˝∂ˆÇÔÁW˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ [˝◊c˜\…ˆ¤Tˆ* Religion C life, W˝∂ˆÇÔ C Eı∂ˆÇÔ ÿëˆTˆ‹óˆ* %Á]Á„VÃ[˝
]„W˝Ó %„X„Eı W˝∂ˆÇÔ `„åÃ[˝ AcÕÃ[˝÷Y ◊[˝E ıTˆ %UÔ Eı„Ã[˝X* aÁW˝«a~ÓÁa›Ã[˝ EıUÁ,
\ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ EıUÁ, ÂV[˝„V[˝›Ã[˝ EıUÁ, aeaÁÃ[˝[˝#¤„XÃ[˝ EıUÁ„Eı TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á W˝∂ˆÇÔ XÁ„]
%◊\ˆ◊c˜Tˆ Eı„Ã[˝X; ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ %ÁÃ[˝ ÂEıÁX Y“aÜ =xÁYX Eı◊Ã[˝„_, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á [˝„_X, cÕc˜Á
aeaÁ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ EıUÁ, W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ EıUÁ X„c˜* TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ ]„X YÁ∏JÙÁTˆÓ religionAÃ[˝ \ˆÁ[˝
a◊~◊[˝rÙ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜, W˝∂ˆÇÔ `å `“[˝S Eı◊Ã[˝[˝Á]Áy religionAÃ[˝ EıUÁ ]„X =VÃ^ c˜Ã^,
◊X„LÃ[˝ %p˚ÁTâÁ„Ã[˝C ÂacÕ %„UÔ W˝∂ˆÇÔ `å [˝Ó[˝c˜ÁÃ[˝ Eı„Ã[˝X* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝
ÿëˆ„V`› EıUÁÃ^ AcÕÃ[˝÷Y ◊[˝„V`› \ˆÁ[˝ Y“„[˝` EıÃ[˝ÁcÕ„_ %Á]Ã[˝Á =VÁÃ[˝ C aXÁTˆX
%Á^ÔÓ\ˆÁ[˝ C ◊`l˘Á c˜cÕ„Tˆ }rÙ c˜cÕ* a]ÿôˆ L›[˝X W˝∂ˆÇÔ„l˘y, aeaÁÃ[˝C W˝∂ˆÇÔ,
ÂEı[˝_ %ÁW˝ÓÁ◊≈±¡Eı p˚ÁXÁ„_ÁªJÙXÁ C \ˆ◊N˛Ã[˝ \ˆÁ[˝ W˝∂ˆÇÔ X„c˜, Eı∂ˆÇÔC W˝∂ˆÇÔ* %Á]Á„VÃ[˝
a]ÿôˆ aÁ◊c˜TˆÓ [˝ÓÁä Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á AcÕ ]c˜Tˆ› ◊`l˘Á aXÁTˆX\ˆÁ„[˝ Ã[˝◊c˜Ã^Á‰ªK˜ --- Ab
W˝∂ˆÇÔf aXÁTˆXf*
%„X„EıÃ[˝ W˝ÁÃ[˝SÁ Â^ Eı∂ˆÇÔ W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ %Ü [˝‰ªRÙO, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ a[[˝Ô◊[˝W˝ Eı∂ˆÇÔ X„c˜; ÂEı[˝_
◊X[˝ ◊w¯ 87
Â^m◊_ aÁ◊√º¯Eı\ˆÁ[˝ÁY~, ◊X[˝ ◊w¯Ã[˝ %X«E…ı_, ÂacÕm◊_ AcÕ XÁ„]Ã[˝ Â^ÁGÓ* cÕc˜ÁC

}Á‹ôˆ W˝ÁÃ[˝SÁ* Â^]X aÁ◊√º¯Eı-Eı∂ˆÇÔ W˝∂ˆÇÔ, ÂTˆ]XcÕ Ã[˝ÁL◊aEı-Eı∂ˆÇÔC W˝∂ˆÇÔ* Â^]X
L›„[˝Ã[˝ =YÃ[˝ VÃ^Á EıÃ[˝Á W˝∂ˆÇÔ, ÂTˆ]XcÕ W˝∂ˆÇÔ^«„à˘ ÂV„`Ã[˝ `y”„Eı c˜XX EıÃ[˝ÁC W˝∂ˆÇÔ*
Â^]X Y„Ã[˝ÁYEıÁÃ[˝Á„UÔ ◊X„LÃ[˝ a«F, W˝X C Y“ÁS Y^ÔÓ‹ôˆ L_Át◊_ ÂVCÃ^Á W˝∂ˆÇÔ,
ÂTˆ]XcÕ W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ aÁW˝X `Ã[˝›Ã[˝„Eı =◊ªJÙTˆ\ˆÁ„[˝ Ã[˝l˘Á EıÃ[˝ÁC W˝∂ˆÇÔ* Ã[˝ÁLX›◊TˆC W˝∂ˆÇÔ,
EıÁ[˝ÓÃ[˝ªJÙXÁC W˝∂ˆÇÔ, ◊ªJÙy◊_FXC W˝∂ˆÇÔ, ]W˝«Ã[˝ GÁ„X Y„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ]„XÁÃ[˝tX a+ÁVXC
W˝∂ˆÇÔ* ^Ác˜ÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó ÿëˆÁUÔ XÁcÕ, TˆÁc˜ÁcÕ W˝∂ˆÇÔ, ÂacÕ Eı∂ˆÇÔ [˝QÕˆ c˜=Eı, ÊªK˜ÁªRÙO c˜=Eı*
ÊªK˜ÁªRÙO [˝QÕˆ %Á]Ã[˝Á ◊cãÁ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ÂV◊F, \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ ◊XEıªRÙO ÊªK˜ÁªRÙO [˝QÕˆ XÁcÕ, ÂEıÁXÀ
\ˆÁ„[˝ ]ÁX«b ◊XL ÿëˆ\ˆÁ„[˝Á◊ªJÙTˆ [˝Á %V rÙVw¯ Eı∂ˆÇÔ %ÁªJÙÃ[˝S Eı„Ã[˝, ◊Tˆ◊X ÂacÕ ◊V„EıcÕ
_l˘Ó Ã[˝Á„FX* =¨JÙ W˝∂ˆÇÔ Ê`“úˆ W˝∂ˆÇÔ AcÕ, Â^-Eı∂ˆÇÔcÕ Eı◊Ã[˝, TˆÁc˜Á TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝cÕ ªJÙÃ[˝„S
%YÔS EıÃ[˝Á, ^p˚ [˝◊_Ã^Á EıÃ[˝Á, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Y“E ı◊Tˆ•ÁÃ[˝Á E ıTˆ [˝◊_Ã^Á a]\ˆÁ„[˝ ÿëˆ›EıÁÃ[˝
EıÃ[˝Á*
<`Á [˝ÁaÓ◊]Ve a[[˝Ôe ^d◊Eıá˚ LGTˆÓÁe LGd*

ÂTˆX TˆÓ„N˛X \«ˆt›UÁ ]Á G W˝f EıaÓ◊ÿëˆVÀW˝X]À**
E«ı[[˝Ô‰~„[˝c˜ Eı∂ˆÇÔÁ◊S ◊LL›◊[˝„b¨K˜Tê a]Áf*
%UÔÁd ^Ác˜Á ÂV◊F, ^Ác˜Á Eı◊Ã[˝, ^Ác˜Á \ˆÁ◊[˝, a[˝cÕ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó ÂVFÁ, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝
◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁÃ^ Â^X [˝‰ÿóˆ %Á¨K˜Á◊VTˆ EıÃ[˝Á c˜cÕ_ Ê`“úˆ YU, ÂacÕ %Á[˝Ã[˝S„Eı YÁY C %W˝∂ˆÇÔ
Â\ˆV Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ %a]UÔ* ]„XÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó aEı_ Eı„∂ˆÇÔ [˝ÁaXÁ C %Áa◊N˛ TˆÓÁG Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á
◊EıªK«˜ XÁ EıÁ]XÁ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á Eı„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ ÊÿÉˆÁ„Tˆ ^Ác˜Á YÁcÕ, TˆÁc˜Á Â\ˆÁG Eı◊Ã[˝[˝, aEı_ Eı∂ˆÇÔ
Eı◊Ã[˝[˝, ÂVc˜ Ã[˝l˘Á Eı◊Ã[˝[˝, cÕc˜ÁcÕ \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ ◊Y“Ã^ %ÁªJÙÃ[˝S A[˝e Ê`“úˆ W˝∂ˆÇÔ* cÕc˜ÁcÕ
Y“E ıTˆ ◊X[˝ ◊w¯* [˝«◊à˘cÕ ◊X[˝ ◊w¯Ã[˝ ÿöˆÁX, Y“Á„S C cÕ◊≥V–„Ã^ Y“[˝ ◊w¯Ã[˝ Âl˘y* [˝«◊à˘
Y“[˝ ◊w¯ •ÁÃ[˝Á & rÙ c˜Ã^ [˝◊_Ã^Á ^Tˆ ÂGÁ_* [˝«◊à˘ ◊X◊_Ôä\ˆÁ„[˝ aÁl˘› C \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝
prophet [˝Á spokesman c˜cÕÃ^Á UÁ◊Eı„[˝, ◊XõıÁ] c˜cÕÃ^Á TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ %X«„]Á◊VTˆ
ÊY““Ã[˝SÁ Y“ÁS C cÕ◊≥V–Ã^„Eı p˚ÁYX Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ◊V„[˝, Y“ÁS C cÕ◊≥V–Ã^ TˆVX«aÁ„Ã[˝ ÿëˆ ÿëˆ
Eı∂ˆÇÔ Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝* Eı∂ˆÇÔ TˆÓÁG %◊Tˆ l«˘V–, EıÁ]XÁÃ[˝ TˆÓÁG Y“E ıTˆ TˆÓÁG* `Ã[˝›„Ã[˝Ã[˝
◊X[˝ ◊w¯ ◊X[˝ ◊w¯ X„c˜, [˝«◊à˘Ã[˝ ◊X◊_ÔäTˆÁcÕ Y“E ıTˆ ◊X[˝ ◊w¯*
Y“ÁEıÁ]Ó
1
Â_Á„Eı ^FX %rÙ◊a◊à˘Ã[˝ EıUÁ [˝„_, TˆFX %„_Ï◊EıEı Â^ÁGY“Áä Eı„ÃÊıªRÙO›
%Y…[[˝Ô `◊N˛Ã[˝ EıUÁ \ˆÁ„[˝* %[˝`Ó %rÙ◊a◊à˘Ã[˝ Y…SÔ◊[˝EıÁ` Â^ÁG›Ã[˝cÕ c˜Ã^, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ
AcÕ `◊N˛aEı_ Y“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝ aÁW˝ÁÃ[˝S ◊XÃ^„]Ã[˝ [˝◊c˜¤\…ˆTˆ X„c˜, [˝Ã[˝e %Á]Ã[˝Á ^Ác˜Á„Eı
Y“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝ ◊XÃ^] [˝◊_, TˆÁc˜Á %rÙ◊a◊à˘Ã[˝ a]Á„[˝`*
%rÙ◊a◊à˘Ã[˝ XÁ] ]◊c˜]Á, _◊H]Á, %◊S]Á, Y“ÁEıÁ]Ó, [˝ÓÁ◊ä, B`ü^ÔÓ, [˝◊`TˆÁ,
<◊`TˆÁ* AcÕm◊_cÕ YÃ[˝„]`ü„Ã[˝Ã[˝ %rÙ ÿëˆ\ˆÁ[˝◊aà˘ `◊N˛ [˝◊_Ã^Á Y◊Ã[˝◊ªJÙTˆ* Y“ÁEıÁ]Ó
W˝Ã[˝, --- Y“ÁEıÁ„]ÓÃ[˝ %UÔ a]ÿôˆ cÕ◊≥V–„Ã^Ã[˝ a+…SÔ ◊[˝EıÁ` C %[˝ÁW˝ ◊y‘Ã^Á* [˝Áÿôˆ◊[˝Eı,
Yá˚p˚Á„X◊≥V–Ã^ C ]„XÃ[˝ aEı_ ◊y‘Ã^Á Y“ÁEıÁ„]ÓÃ[˝ %‹ôˆGÔTˆ* Y“ÁEıÁ„]ÓÃ[˝ [˝„_ ªJÙl«˘„Tˆ
ÂV„F, EıÁ„S Â`Á„X, XÁ„Eı %ÁH–ÁS _Ã^, ±ºˆ„Eı &`Ô %X«\ˆ[˝ Eı„[Ã ˝, [Ã ˝aXÁÃ^ [Ã ˝aÁÿëˆÁVX
Eı„Ã[˝, ]„X [˝Ác˜Ó&`ÔaEı_ %ÁVÁÃ^ Eı„Ã[˝* aÁW˝ÁÃ[˝S Â_Á„Eı \ˆÁ„[˝, ÿöˆ…_ cÕ◊≥V–„Ã^cÕ
p˚ÁXW˝ÁÃ[˝„SÃ[˝ `◊N˛; Tˆ√º¯◊[˝VÀ LÁ„X ÊªJÙÁF ÂV„F XÁ, ]X ÂV„F, EıÁS Â`Á„X XÁ,
]X Â`Á„X, XÁEı %ÁH–ÁS Eı„Ã[˝ XÁ, ]X %ÁH–ÁS Eı„Ã[˝* ^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á %ÁÃ[˝C Tˆ√º¯p˚ÁX›,
TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á LÁ„XX ]XC ÂV„F XÁ, Â`Á„X XÁ, %ÁH–ÁS Eı„Ã[˝ XÁ, L›[˝ ÂV„F, Â`Á„X,
%ÁH–ÁS Eı„Ã[˝* L›[˝cÕ p˚ÁTˆÁ* L›[˝ <`üÃ[˝, \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ %e`* \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ %rÙ◊a◊à˘
L›„[˝Ã[˝C %rÙ◊a◊à˘*
]Í][˝Áe„`Á L›[˝„_Á„Eı L›[˝\…ˆTˆf aXÁTˆXf*

]XfbúˆÁX›◊≥V–Ã^Á◊S Y“E ı◊TˆÿöˆÁ◊X EıbÔ◊Tˆ**
`Ã[˝›Ã[˝e ^V[˝Á‰Y¬Á◊Tˆ ^¨JÙÁY«Ódy‘Á]Tˆ›`üÃ[˝f*
G c˜›Í±ºˆTˆÁ◊X ae^Á◊Tˆ [˝ÁÃ^«GÔµ˘Á◊X[˝Á`Ã^Ád**
Ê`“Áye ªJÙl«˘f &`ÔXá˚ Ã[˝aXe H–ÁS„][˝ ªJÙ*
%◊W˝úˆÁÃ^ ]X∏JÙÁÃê ◊[˝bÃ^ÁX«Y„a[˝„Tˆ**
%Á]ÁÃ[˝ aXÁTˆX %e` L›[˝„_Á„Eı L›[˝ c˜cÕÃ^Á ]X C Y„á˚◊≥V–Ã^ Y“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝

]„W˝Ó YÁcÕÃ^Á %ÁEıbÔS Eı„Ã[˝ (◊XL =Y„^Á„G _ÁGÁÃ^ C Â\ˆÁ„GÃ[˝ LXÓ %ÁÃ^w¯
Eı„Ã[˝)* ^FX L›[˝Ã[˝÷„Y <`üÃ[˝ `Ã[˝›Ã[˝_Á\ˆ Eı„Ã[˝X [˝Á `Ã[˝›Ã[˝ c˜cÕ„Tˆ ◊XGÔ]X Eı„Ã[˝X,
Y“ÁEıÁ]Ó 89
TˆFX Â^]X [˝ÁÃ^« Gµ˘„Eı Z«ı_ cÕTˆÓÁ◊V c˜cÕ„Tˆ _cÕÃ^Á ^ÁÃ^, ÂTˆ]XcÕ `Ã[˝›Ã[˝ c˜cÕ„Tˆ
cÕ◊≥V–ÃâEı_ _cÕÃ^Á ^ÁX* Ê`“Áy, ªJÙl«˘, &`Ô, %ÁÿëˆÁV, H–ÁS C ]X %◊W˝úˆÁX
Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á AcÕ <`üÃ[˝ ◊[˝bÃ^ Â\ˆÁG Eı„Ã[˝X* V ◊rÙ, `“[˝S, %ÁH–ÁS, %ÁÿëˆÁVX, &`Ô,
]XX AcÕm◊_cÕ Y“ÁEıÁ„]ÓÃ[˝ ◊y‘Ã^Á* \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ aXÁTˆX %e` L›[˝ AcÕ Y“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝
◊y‘Ã^Á _c˜^ÃO Á Y“Eı ◊Tˆ[Ã ˝ ◊[˝EıÁ„Ã[˝ Y„á˚◊≥V–^Ã C ]X a…©ø`Ã[˝›„Ã[˝ ◊[˝EıÁ` Eı„[Ã ˝X, ÿöˆ_… `Ã[˝›[Ã ˝
_Á\ˆ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ a]Ã^ AcÕ b◊QÕˆ◊≥V–Ã^ _cÕÃ^Á Y“„[˝` Eı„Ã[˝X, ] T«ˆÓEıÁ„_ AcÕ b◊QÕˆ◊≥V–Ã^
_cÕÃ^Á ◊XGÔ]X Eı„Ã[˝X* a…©ø„V„c˜cÕ c˜=Eı, ÿöˆ…_„V„c˜cÕ c˜=Eı, ◊Tˆ◊X AcÕ b◊QÕˆ◊≥V–„Ã^
%◊W˝úˆÁX Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ◊[˝bÃâEı_ Â\ˆÁG Eı„Ã[˝X*
EıÁÃ[˝S„V„c˜ a+…SÔ Y“ÁEıÁ]Ó UÁ„Eı, ÂacÕ `◊N˛ a…©ø„V„c˜ ◊[˝EıÁ`_Á\ˆ Eı„Ã[˝,
Y„Ã[˝ ÿöˆ…_„V„c˜ ◊[˝Eı◊`Tˆ c˜Ã^* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ Y“U] c˜cÕ„Tˆ ÿöˆ…„_ a+…SÔ Y“EıÁ` c˜Ã^ XÁ,
LG„TˆÃ[˝ y‘]◊[˝EıÁ„` cÕ◊≥V–ÃâEı_ y‘„] ◊[˝Eı◊`Tˆ c˜Ã^, Â`„b Eı„ÃÊıªRÙO› Y£Ã[˝
]„W˝Ó ]ÁX«„bÃ[˝ =Y„^ÁG› ◊[˝EıÁ` C Y“ÁF^ÔÓ _Á\ˆ Eı„Ã[˝* ]ÁX«„bÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó Y„á˚◊≥V–Ã^
%î ◊X‰ÿôˆL c˜cÕÃ^Á Y‰QÕˆ, EıÁÃ[˝S %Á]Ã[˝Á ]X C [˝«◊à˘Ã[˝ ◊[˝EıÁ„` %◊W˝Eı `◊N˛
Y“„Ã^ÁG Eı◊Ã[˝* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ AcÕ %a+…SÔ %◊\ˆ[˝Ó◊N˛ Y“ÁEıÁ]Ó ◊[˝EıÁ„`Ã[˝ Â`b %[˝ÿöˆÁ
XÃ^* Â^ÁG •ÁÃ[˝Á a…©ø„V„c˜ ^Tˆ Y“ÁEıÁ]Ó ◊[˝EıÁ` c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜, TˆÁc˜Á ÿöˆ…_„V„c˜C Y“EıÁ`
YÁÃ^* cÕc˜Á„EıcÕ Â^ÁGY“Áä Y“ÁEıÁ]Ó ◊a◊à˘ [˝„_*
2
YÃ[˝„]`üÃ[˝ %X‹ôˆ C %YÃ[˝Ác˜Tˆ-YÃ[˝Áy‘], TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ÿëˆ\ˆÁ[˝◊aà˘ `◊N˛Ã[˝C Âl˘y
%X‹ôˆ C ◊y‘Ã^Á %YÃ[˝Ác˜Tˆ* L›[˝ <`üÃ[˝, \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ %e`, a…©ø„V„c˜ C ÿöˆ…_„V„c˜
%Á[˝à˘ c˜cÕÃ^Á y‘„] y‘„] B`ü◊Ã[˝Eı `◊N˛ ◊[˝EıÁ` Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜X* ÿöˆ…_ `Ã[˝›„Ã[˝Ã[˝
cÕ◊≥V–ÃâEı_ ◊[˝„`bTˆf a›]Á[˝à˘, ]ÁX«b ^Tˆ◊VX ÿöˆ…_„V„c˜Ã[˝ `◊N˛•ÁÃ[˝Á %Á[˝à˘
UÁ„Eı, TˆTˆ◊VX [˝«◊à˘◊[˝EıÁ„`cÕ Âa Y£Ã[˝ %„Yl˘Á =dE ırÙ, X‰ªJÙd cÕ◊≥V–„Ã^Ã[˝ Y“ÁF„^ÔÓ
A[˝e ]„XÃ[˝ %}Á‹ôˆ ◊y‘Ã^Á„Tˆ --- AEı EıUÁÃ^, Y“ÁEıÁ]Ó ◊a◊à˘„Tˆ --- Y£cÕ =dE ırÙ*
◊[˝p˚ÁX◊[˝VÀGS ^Ác˜Á„Eı instinct [˝„_, TˆÁc˜Á AcÕ Y“ÁEıÁ]Ó* Y£Ã[˝ ]„W˝Ó [˝«◊à˘Ã[˝
%TˆÓî ◊[˝EıÁ` c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜, %UªJÙ AcÕ LG„Tˆ ^◊V [˝gÁ◊ªJÙÃ^Á UÁ◊Eı„Tˆ c˜Ã^, TˆÁc˜Á c˜cÕ„_
A]X ÂEıÁX [˝ ◊w¯Ã[˝ VÃ[˝EıÁÃ[˝ Â^ YUY“V`ÔEı c˜cÕÃ^Á a[[˝ÔEıÁ„^ÔÓ ◊Eı %X«„úˆÃ^, ◊Eı
[˝#¤X›Ã^, TˆÁc˜Á ÂVFÁcÕÃ^Á ◊V„[˝* Y£Ã[˝ ]XcÕ AcÕ EıÁ^ÔÓ Eı„Ã[˝* ]ÁX«„bÃ[˝ ]X ◊EıªK«˜
◊XSÔÃ^ Eı„Ã[˝ XÁ, [˝«◊à˘cÕ ◊X∏JÙÃ^Á±¡Eı, [˝«◊à˘cÕ ◊XSÔÃ^ Eı„Ã[˝, ]X ÂEı[˝_ aeïıÁÃ[˝a ◊rÙÃ[˝
^‹óˆ* %Á]Ã[˝Á ^Ác˜Á ÂV◊F, £◊X, Â[˝ÁW˝ Eı◊Ã[˝, TˆÁc˜Á ]„X aeïıÁÃ[˝Ã[˝÷„Y Y◊Ã[˝STˆ c˜Ã^,
[˝«◊à˘ ÂacÕ aeïıÁÃ[˝m◊_ G–c˜S Eı„Ã[˝, Y“TˆÓÁFÓÁX Eı„Ã[˝, ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ a ◊rÙ Eı„Ã[˝* Y£Ã[˝ [˝«◊à˘
AcÕ ◊XSÔÃÊı„∂ˆÇÔ %YÁÃ[˝G; [˝«◊à˘ •ÁÃ[˝Á X„c˜, ]X •ÁÃ[˝Á Y£ [˝«„Mı, ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ Eı„Ã[˝* ]„XÃ[˝
AEı %‡«ˆTˆ `◊N˛ %Á‰ªK˜, %XÓ ]„X ^Ác˜Á c˜cÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜, TˆÁc˜Á AEı ]«c…˜„wÔ¯ [˝«◊Mı„Tˆ
YÁ„Ã[˝, ◊[˝ªJÙÁÃ[˝ XÁ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ^Ác˜Á Y“„Ã^ÁLX, TˆÁc˜Á [˝«◊MıÃ^Á _Ã^ A[˝e Eı„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ =Y^«N˛
Y“SÁ_› ◊PÊı Eı„Ã[˝* %Á]Ã[˝Á EıÁc˜Á„EıC H„Ã[˝ Y“„[˝` Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ ÂV◊F XÁcÕ, %UªJÙ LÁ◊X
Â^X ÂEı H„Ã[˝ _«hıÁ◊Ã^Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á Ã[˝◊c˜Ã^Á‰ªK˜; ÂEıÁX \ˆ„Ã^Ã[˝ EıÁÃ[˝S XÁcÕ, %UªJÙ %Á`◊·¯Tˆ
c˜cÕÃ^Á UÁ◊Eı, ÂEıÁUÁ c˜cÕ„Tˆ Â^X mä \ˆ„Ã^Ã[˝ EıÁÃ[˝S Ã[˝◊c˜Ã^Á‰ªK˜; [˝µ«˘ AEı EıUÁC
[˝„_ XÁcÕ, %UªJÙ [˝◊_[˝ÁÃ[˝ Y…„[[˝ÔC ◊Eı [˝◊_„[˝, TˆÁc˜Á [˝«◊MıÃ^Á _cÕ_Á], cÕTˆÓÁ◊V
%„XEı =VÁc˜Ã[˝S ÂVCÃ^Á c˜Ã^; aEı_cÕ ]„XÃ[˝ `◊N˛, AEıÁV` cÕ◊≥V–„Ã^Ã[˝ ÿëˆÁ\ˆÁ◊[˝Eı
%[˝ÁW˝ ◊y‘Ã^Á* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ [˝«◊à˘Ã[˝ aÁc˜Á„^Ó a[[˝Ô EıÁ^ÔÓ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ %Á]Ã[˝Á ATˆ %\ˆÓÿôˆ
c˜cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜ Â^, AcÕ ◊y‘Ã^Á, AcÕ Y“ÁEıÁ]Ó %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó Y“ÁÃ^ Â_ÁY YÁcÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜* Y£
AcÕ Y“ÁEıÁ]Ó„Eı %Á`“Ã^ XÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„_ V«◊V„X ]◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ^ÁcÕ„[˝* ◊Eı YUÓ, ◊Eı %YUÓ,
ÂEı ◊]y, ÂEı `y”, ÂEıÁUÁÃ^ \ˆÃ^, ÂEıÁUÁÃ^ ◊XÃ[˝ÁYV, Y“ÁEıÁ]ÓcÕ AcÕ aEı_ p˚ÁX
Y£„Eı ÂVÃ^* AcÕ Y“ÁEıÁ]Ó •ÁÃ[˝Á E«ıE«ıÃ[˝ Y“\«ˆÃ[˝ \ˆÁbÁ XÁ [˝«◊MıÃ^ÁC TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ EıUÁÃ[˝
%UÔ [˝Á ]„XÃ[˝ \ˆÁ[˝ [˝«◊Mı„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝* AcÕ Y“ÁEıÁ]Ó •ÁÃ[˝Á ÂHÁQÕˆÁ Â^ Y„U AEı[˝ÁÃ[˝
◊GÃ^Á‰ªK˜, ÂacÕ YU ◊ªJÙ◊XÃ^Á [Ã ˝Á„F* AcÕ aEı_ Y“ÁEıÁ]Ó◊y‘Ã^Á ]„XÃ[˝* ◊Eı‹ˆ«ô Y„á˚◊≥V–„^Ã [Ã ˝
`◊N˛„TˆC Y£ ]ÁX«b„Eı c˜ÁÃ[˝ÁcÕÃ^Á ÂVÃ^* ÂEıÁXÀ ]ÁX«b E«ıh«ı„Ã[˝Ã[˝ XÓÁÃ^ £W˝« Gµ˘
%X«aÃ[˝S Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á AEı`Tˆ ]ÁcÕ_ %ÁÃ[˝ aEı„_Ã[˝ YU TˆÓÁG Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á AEıªRÙO› ◊[˝◊`rÙ
L‹ô«ˆÃ[˝ Y∏JÙÁd %}Á‹ôˆ\ˆÁ„[˝ %X«aÃ[˝S Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ a]ªUÔ? [˝Á Y£Ã[˝ XÓÁÃ^ %µ˘EıÁ„Ã[˝
ÂV◊F„Tˆ YÁÃ^? [˝Á ÂEı[˝_ `“[˝S •ÁÃ[˝Á mä `åEıÁÃ[˝›„Eı [˝Á◊c˜Ã[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝?
Telepathy [˝Á V…„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁG–c˜S ◊a◊à˘Ã[˝ EıUÁ [˝◊_Ã^Á ÂEıÁX AEı cÕeÃ[˝ÁL› ae[˝ÁV-
Yy [˝◊_Ã^Á‰ªK˜, telepathy ]„XÃ[˝ Y“◊y‘Ã^Á, Y£Ã[˝ ÂacÕ ◊a◊à˘ %Á‰ªK˜, ]ÁX«„bÃ[˝
XÁcÕ, %TÂ[˝ ÃtelepathyÃ[˝ ◊[˝EıÁ„` ]X«„bÓÃ[˝ =~◊Tˆ XÁ c˜cÕÃ^Á %[˝X◊Tˆ c˜cÕ„[˝*
ÿöˆ…_[˝«◊à˘ [˝ ªRÙO„XÃ[˝ =Y^«N˛ TÊÔı [˝‰ªRÙO! %[˝`Ó ]ÁX«b [˝«◊à˘◊[˝EıÁ„`Ã[˝ LXÓ AEıÁV`
c˜◊O ≥V–„^Ã [Ã ˝ a+…SÔ ◊[˝EıÁ„` YÃ[˝ÁXΩ∆F c˜c˜^ÃO Á‰ªK˜, TˆÁc˜Á \ˆÁ_cÕ c˜c˜^ÃO Á‰ªK˜, X‰ªJÙd Y“„^Ã ÁL„XÃ[˝
%\ˆÁ„[˝ TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ [˝«◊à˘◊[˝EıÁ` ATˆ `›H– c˜cÕTˆ XÁ* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ^FX a+…SÔ C ◊XFg«Tˆ
[˝«◊à˘◊[˝EıÁ` c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜, TˆFX AEıÁV` cÕ◊≥V–„Ã^Ã[˝ Y«X◊[[˝ÔEıÁ` EıÃ[˝Á ]ÁX[˝LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝
EıwÔ¯[˝Ó* cÕc˜Á„Tˆ [˝«◊à˘Ã[˝ ◊[˝ªJÙÁ^ÔÓ p˚ÁX ◊[˝ÿôˆÁ◊Ã[˝Tˆ c˜cÕ„[˝, ]X«bÓC ]X C [˝«◊à˘Ã[˝
a+…SÔ %X«`›_„X %‹ôˆ◊XÔ◊c˜Tˆ ÂV[˝±ºˆY“EıÁ„`Ã[˝ =Y^«N˛ YÁy c˜cÕ„[˝* ÂEıÁXC
Y“ÁEıÁ]Ó 91
`◊N˛◊[˝EıÁ` %[˝X◊TˆÃ[˝ EıÁÃ[˝S c˜cÕ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ XÁ --- ÂEı[˝_ `◊N˛Ã[˝ %Í[˝W˝ Y“„Ã^Á„G,
◊]UÓÁ [˝Ó[˝c˜Á„Ã[˝, %aÁ]taÓ ÂVÁ„b %[˝X◊Tˆ aêˆ[˝* %„XEı _l˘S ÂVFÁ ^ÁcÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜
^Ác˜Á„Tˆ Â[˝ÁMıÁ ^ÁÃ^ Â^ AEıÁV` cÕ◊≥V–„Ã^Ã[˝ Y«X◊[[˝ÔEıÁ`, Y“ÁEıÁ„]ÓÃ[˝ [˝ ◊à˘ %ÁÃ[˝êˆ
Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ ◊VX %Á◊aÃ^Á‰ªK˜*
ÿôˆ[˝‰ÿôˆÁy
aÁW˝Eı, aÁW˝X C aÁW˝Ó, AcÕ ◊TˆX %Ü _cÕÃ^Á W˝∂ˆÇÔ, %UÔ, EıÁ] C Â]Ál˘*
aÁW˝„EıÃ[˝ ◊\ˆ~ ◊\ˆ~ ÿëˆ\ˆÁ[˝ UÁEıÁÃ^ ◊\ˆ~ ◊\ˆ~ aÁW˝X %Á◊VrÙ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜, ◊\ˆ~ ◊\ˆ~
aÁW˝ÓC %X«a Tˆ c˜Ã^* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ÿöˆ…_V ◊rÙ„Tˆ XÁXÁ aÁW˝Ó UÁ◊Eı„_C a…©øV ◊rÙ„Tˆ ÂV◊F„_
[˝«MıÁ ^ÁÃ^ Â^ aEı_ aÁW˝„EıÃ[˝ aÁW˝Ó AEı --- ÂacÕ aÁW˝Ó %Á±¡T«ˆ◊rÙ* =Y◊Xb„V
^Áp˚[˝íıÓ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ac˜W˝◊∂ˆÇÔS›„Eı [˝«MıÁcÕ„_X Â^, %Á±¡ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ a[˝, %Á±¡ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ
ÿóˆ›, %Á±¡ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ W˝X, %Á±¡ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ ÊY“], %Á±¡ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ a«F, %Á±¡ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ V«fF,
%Á±¡ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ L›[˝X, %Á±¡ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ ]Ã[˝S* ÂacÕLXÓ %Á±¡Á ◊Eı AcÕ Y“‰`¬Ã[˝ mÃ[˝”±ºˆ
C Y“„Ã^ÁLX›Ã^TˆÁ*
%„XEı ◊[˝p˚ C Y◊â¯Tˆ [˝Ó◊N˛ [˝„_X %Á±¡p˚ÁX _cÕÃ^Á ATˆ [˝ UÁ ]ÁUÁ HÁ]ÁX
ÂEıX? AcÕ a[˝ a…©ø◊[˝ªJÙÁ„Ã[˝ a]Ã^ XrÙ EıÃ[˝Á [˝ÁT«ˆ_TˆÁ, aeaÁ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ Y“„Ã^ÁLX›Ã^ ◊[˝bÃ^
C ]ÁX[˝LÁ◊Tˆ[Ã ˝ Eı_ÓÁS‰ªJÙrÙÁ _c˜^ÃO Á UÁEı* ◊Eı‹ôˆ« aeaÁ„Ã[˝[Ã ˝ ◊Eı ◊Eı ◊[˝b^Ã Y“„^Ã ÁLX›Ã^
A[˝e ]ÁX[˝LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ Eı_ÓÁS ◊Eı„a c˜cÕ„[˝, AcÕ Y“‰`¬Ã[˝ ]›]ÁeaÁC %Á±¡p˚Á„XÃ[˝
=YÃ[˝ ◊X\ˆ¤Ã[˝ Eı„Ã[˝* Â^]X %Á]ÁÃ[˝ p˚ÁX ÂTˆ]XcÕ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ aÁW˝Ó* %Á◊] ^◊V ◊XL
ÂVc˜„Eı %Á±¡Á [˝«◊Mı, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ T«ˆ◊rÙ aÁW˝XÁUÔ %ÁÃ[˝ aEı_ ◊[˝ªJÙÁÃ[˝ C ◊[˝„[˝ªJÙXÁ„Eı
L_Át◊_ ◊VÃ^Á ÿëˆÁUÔYÃ[˝ XÃ[˝◊Y`ÁªJÙ c˜cÕÃ^Á UÁ◊Eı[˝* ^◊V ÿóˆ›„EıcÕ %Á±¡[˝d ÂV◊F,
%Á±¡[˝d \ˆÁ_[˝Á◊a, ËÿóˆS c˜cÕÃ^Á XÓÁÃ^-%XÓÁÃ^ ◊[˝ªJÙÁÃ[˝ XÁ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ]Xÿô«ˆ◊rÙ
a+ÁV„XÃ[˝ LXÓ Y“ÁSYS ÊªJÙrÙÁ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝, YÃ[˝„Eı EırÙ ◊VÃ^Á TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝cÕ a«F Eı◊Ã[˝[˝,
Y„Ã[˝Ã[˝ %◊XrÙ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝cÕ cÕrÙ ◊aà˘ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝* ^◊V ÂV`„EıcÕ %Á±¡[˝d ÂV◊F,
%Á◊] F«[˝ [˝QÕˆ AEı ÂV`◊c˜ÍTˆb› c˜cÕ[˝, c˜Ã^„TˆÁ cÕ◊Tˆc˜Á„a %]Ã[˝ Eı›◊wÔ¯ Ã[˝Á◊FÃ^Á
^ÁcÕ[˝, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ %XÓÁXÓ W˝∂ˆÇÔ Y◊Ã[˝TˆÓÁG Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á YÃ[˝„V„`Ã[˝ %◊XrÙ, W˝X_«¢ˆX, ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁ
%Yc˜Ã[˝S Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝* ^◊V \ˆG[˝ÁX„Eı %Á±¡Á [˝«◊Mı %U[˝Á %Á±¡[˝d \ˆÁ_[˝Á◊a
--- Âa AEıcÕ EıUÁ, ÂEıXXÁ ÊY“] c˜cÕ_ ªJÙÃ[˝] V ◊rÙ --- %Á◊] \ˆN˛, Â^ÁG›, ◊XõıÁ]
Eı∂ˆÇfi c˜cÕÃ^Á aÁW˝ÁÃ[˝S ]X«„bÓÃ[˝ %Y“ÁYÓ `◊N˛, p˚ÁX [˝Á %ÁX≥V Â\ˆÁG Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ
YÁ◊Ã[˝* ^◊V ◊XmÔS YÃ[˝[˝–°˘„Eı %Á±¡Á [˝◊_Ã^Á LÁ◊X, YÃ[˝] `Á◊‹ôˆ C _Ã^ Y“Áä
c˜cÕ„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝* Â^Á ^¨n—˜ à˘f a A[˝ af, ---- ^Ác˜ÁÃ[˝ Â^]X `“à˘Á Âa ÂacÕÃ[˝÷YcÕ
c˜Ã^* ]ÁX[˝LÁ◊Tˆ ◊ªJÙÃ[˝EıÁ_ aÁW˝X Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á %Á◊a„Tˆ‰ªK˜, Y“U] l«˘V–, Y„Ã[˝ %„Yl˘ÁE ıTˆ
[˝QÕˆ, Â`„b a„[[˝ÔÁ¨JÙ YÃ[˝ÁdYÃ[˝ aÁW˝Ó aÁW˝X Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á G‹ôˆ[˝ÓÿöˆÁX `“›c˜◊Ã[˝Ã[˝ YÃ[˝]W˝Á]
Y“Áä c˜cÕ„Tˆ ªJÙ◊_„Tˆ‰ªK˜* AEı ^«G ◊ªK˜_, ]ÁX[˝LÁ◊Tˆ ÂEı[˝_ `Ã[˝›Ã[˝ aÁW˝X Eı◊Ã[˝Tˆ,
ÿôˆ[˝‰ÿôˆÁy 93
`Ã[˝›Ã[˝ aÁW˝X ÂacÕ EıÁ„_Ã[˝ ^«GW˝∂ˆÇÔ, %XÓ W˝∂ˆÇÔ„Eı FÁªRÙO Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^ÁC TˆFX `Ã[˝›Ã[˝ aÁW˝X
EıÃ[˝Á Ê`“Ã^f YU ◊ªK˜_* EıÁÃ[˝S, TˆÁc˜Á XÁ c˜cÕ„_ `Ã[˝›Ã[˝, Â^ `Ã[˝›Ã[˝ W˝∂ˆÇÔaÁW˝„XÃ[˝
=YÁÃ^ C Y“◊TˆúˆÁ, =dEıbÔ _Á\ˆ Eı◊Ã[˝Tˆ XÁ* ÂacÕÃ[˝÷Y %ÁÃ[˝-AEı ^«„G ÿóˆ›-Y◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝,
%ÁÃ[˝-AEı ^«„G E«ı_, %ÁÃ[˝-AEı ^«„G --- Â^]X %ÁW˝«◊XEı ^«„G --- LÁ◊TˆcÕ aÁW˝Ó*
a„[[˝ÔÁ¨JÙ YÃ[˝ÁdYÃ[˝ aÁW˝Ó YÃ[˝„]`üÃ[˝, \ˆG[˝ÁX* \ˆG[˝ÁXcÕ aEı„_Ã[˝ Y“E ıTˆ C YÃ[˝]
%Á±¡Á, %TÂ[˝ Y“Eı Tˆ C YÃ[˝] aÁW˝Ó* Âac˜L O XÓ G›TˆÁ^Ã [˝„_, aEı_ W˝∂ˆÇÔ Y◊Ã[˝TˆÓÁG
EıÃ[˝, %Á]Á„EıcÕ `Ã[˝S EıÃ[˝* \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó aEı_ W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ a]XüÃ^ c˜Ã^, TgˆÁc˜Á„Eı
aÁW˝X Eı◊Ã[˝„_ ◊Tˆ◊XcÕ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ \ˆÁÃ[˝ _cÕÃ^Á %Á]Á◊VG„Eı ^‹óˆ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ÿóˆ›, Y◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝,
E«ı_, LÁ◊Tˆ, ]ÁX[˝a]◊rÙÃ[˝ YÃ[˝] T«ˆ◊rÙ C YÃ[˝] Eı_ÓÁS aÁW˝X Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝X*
AEı aÁ„W˝ÓÃ[˝ XÁXÁ aÁW˝„EıÃ[˝ ◊\ˆ~ ◊\ˆ~ ÿëˆ\ˆÁ[˝ UÁEıÁÃ^ XÁXÁ aÁW˝XC c˜Ã^*
\ˆG[˝d-aÁW˝„XÃ[˝ AEı Y“W˝ÁX =YÁÃ^ ÿôˆ[˝‰ÿôˆÁy* ÿôˆ[˝‰ÿôˆÁy aEı„_Ã[˝ =Y„^ÁG› aÁW˝X
X„c˜* p˚ÁX›Ã[˝ Y„l˘ W˝ÓÁX C a]Á◊W˝, Eı∂ˆÇfiÃ[˝ Y„l˘ Eı∂ˆÇÔa]YÔS Ê`“úˆ =YÁÃ^;
ÿôˆ[˝‰ÿôˆÁy \ˆ◊N˛Ã[˝ %Ü --- Ê`“úˆ %Ü X„c˜ [˝‰ªRÙO, ÂEıXXÁ %Íc˜T«Êı ÊY“] \ˆ◊N˛Ã[˝
ªJÙÃ[˝] =dEıbÔ, ÂacÕ ÊY“] \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ ÿëˆÃ[˝÷Y ÿôˆ[˝‰ÿôˆÁy •ÁÃ[˝Á %ÁÃ^w¯ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝
Y„Ã[˝ ÿôˆ[˝‰ÿôˆÁ‰yÃ[˝ Y“„Ã^ÁLX›Ã^TˆÁ %◊Tˆy‘] Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ÂacÕ ÿëˆÃ[˝÷Y Â\ˆÁ„G _›X c˜cÕÃ^Á
^ÁÃ^; TÛÁ◊Y A]X \ˆN˛ XÁcÕ Â^ ÿôˆ[˝‰ÿôˆÁy XÁ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á UÁ◊Eı„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝, ^FX %ÁÃ[˝
aÁW˝„XÃ[˝ %Á[˝`ÓEıTˆÁ UÁ„Eı XÁ, TˆFXC ÿôˆ[˝‰ÿôˆÁ‰y Y“Á„SÃ[˝ =¨nº˜ Áa =ªK˜◊_Ã^Á =‰Pˆ*
ÂEı[˝_ ÿˆÇÃ[˝S Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ c˜Ã^ Â^ aÁW˝X aÁW˝Ó X„c˜, %Á]ÁÃ[˝ Â^ aÁW˝X, Âa Y„Ã[˝Ã[˝
aÁW˝X XÁ-C c˜cÕ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝* %„XEı \ˆ„N˛Ã[˝ AcÕ W˝ÁÃ[˝SÁ ÂVFÁ ^ÁÃ^ Â^, ◊^◊X
\ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ ÿôˆ[˝‰ÿôˆÁy Eı„Ã[˝X XÁ, ÊÿôˆÁy `“[˝„S %ÁX≥V Y“EıÁ` Eı„Ã[˝X XÁ, ◊Tˆ◊X
W˝Á◊∂ˆÇÔEı X„c˜X* cÕc˜Á }Á◊‹ôˆ C a·¯›SÔTˆÁÃ[˝ _l˘S* [˝«à˘ ÿôˆ[˝‰ÿôˆÁy Eı◊Ã[˝„TˆX XÁ,
TÛÁ◊Y ÂEı [˝«à˘„Eı %W˝Á◊∂ˆÇÔEı [˝◊_„[˝? \ˆ◊N˛]ÁGÔ aÁW˝„XÃ[˝ LXÓ ÿôˆ[˝‰ÿôˆÁ‰yÃ[˝ a ◊rÙ*
\ˆN˛C XÁXY“EıÁÃ[˝, ÿôˆ[˝‰ÿôˆÁ‰yÃ[˝C XÁXÁ Y“„Ã^ÁG c˜Ã^* %ÁwÔ¯ \ˆN˛ V«f„FÃ[˝ a]„Ã^
\ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ ◊XEıªRÙO EgıÁ≈◊V[˝Á[Ã ˝ LXÓ, aÁc˜Á^Ó Y“ÁUÔXÁÃ[˝ LXÓ, =à˘Á„Ã[˝[Ã ˝ %Á`ÁÃ^ ÿôˆ[˝‰ÿôˆÁy
Eı„Ã[˝X, %UÔÁUfi \ˆN˛ ÂEıÁXC %UÔ◊a◊à˘Ã[˝ %Á`ÁÃ^, W˝X ]ÁX a«F B`ü^ÔÓ LÃ^
Eı_ÓÁS \«ˆ◊N˛ ]«◊N˛ cÕTˆÓÁ◊V =„Å`Ó a·¯î Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ÿôˆ[˝‰ÿôˆÁy Eı„Ã[˝X* AcÕ Ê`“S›Ã[˝
\ˆN˛ %„XEı[˝ÁÃ[˝ \ˆG[˝ÁX„Eı Y“„_Á\ˆX ÂVFÁcÕÃ^Á a‹ô«ˆrÙ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ ^ÁX, AEı-AEıLX
%\ˆ›rÙ◊a◊à˘ XÁ YÁcÕÃ^Á YÃ[˝„]`ü„Ã[˝Ã[˝ =YÃ[˝ \ˆÁ◊Ã[˝ ªJÙ◊ªRÙOÃ^Á =‰PˆX, TgˆÁc˜Á„Eı ◊Xú«ˆÃ[˝
Y“[˝á˚Eı cÕTˆÓÁ◊V GÁ_ÁGÁ◊_ ◊VÃ^Á [˝„_X, %ÁÃ[˝ \ˆG[˝ÁX„Eı Y…LÁ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ XÁ, ]«F
ÂV◊F[˝ XÁ, ◊EıªK«˜„TˆcÕ ]Á◊X[˝ XÁ* %„X„Eı c˜TˆÁ` c˜cÕÃ^Á XÁ◊ÿôÊı c˜X, AcÕ ◊aà˘Á‹ôˆ
Eı„Ã[˝X Â^, AcÕ LGd V«f„FÃ[˝ Ã[˝ÁLÓ, %XÓÁÃ^ %TˆÓÁªJÙÁ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ Ã[˝ÁLÓ, \ˆG[˝ÁX XÁcÕ*
AcÕ V«cÕY“EıÁÃ[˝ \ˆ◊N˛, %p˚ \ˆ◊N˛, TˆÁcÕ [˝◊_Ã^Á =„Yl˘S›Ã^ X„c˜, l«˘V– c˜cÕ„TˆcÕ
]c˜„Tˆ =‰Pˆ* %◊[˝VÓÁ aÁW˝X ◊[˝VÓÁÃ[˝ Y“U] ÂaÁYÁX* [˝Á_EıC %p˚, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ [˝Á_„EıÃ[˝
%p˚TˆÁÃ^ ]ÁW˝«^ÔÓ %Á‰ªK˜, [˝Á_EıC ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ ◊XEıªRÙO EgıÁ≈◊V„Tˆ %Á„a, V«f„FÃ[˝ Y“◊TÊıÁÃ[˝
ªJÙÁÃ^, XÁXÁÃ[˝÷Y a«F C ÿëˆÁUÔ◊a◊à˘Ã[˝ LXÓ ªK«˜◊ªRÙOÃ^Á %Á„a, aÁ„W˝, EıÁ~ÁEıÁ◊ªRÙO Eı„Ã[˝,
XÁ YÁcÕ„_ ªJÙ◊ªRÙOÃ^ÁC =‰Pˆ, ÂVÏÃ[˝Á±¡Ó Eı„Ã[˝* LG#XX›C c˜ÁaÓ]«„F %p˚\ˆ„N˛Ã[˝
aEı_ %ÁåÁÃ[˝ C ÂVÏÃ[˝Á±¡Ó ac˜Ó Eı„Ã[˝X*
◊Lp˚Áa« \ˆN˛ ÂEıÁX %UÔ◊a◊à˘Ã[˝ LXÓ [˝Á \ˆG[˝ÁX„Eı a‹ô«ˆrÙ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ
ÿôˆ[˝‰ÿôˆÁy Eı„Ã[˝X XÁ, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Y„l˘ ÿôˆ[˝‰ÿôˆÁy £à˘ \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ ÿëˆÃ[ ˝÷Y =Y_◊ç˘Ã[˝
A[˝e ÿëˆ›Ã^ \ˆÁ[˝Y«◊rÙÃ[˝ =YÁÃ^* p˚ÁX› \ˆ„N˛Ã[˝ Y„l˘ ÂacÕ Y“„Ã^ÁLXC UÁ„Eı XÁ,
ÂEıXXÁ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ÿëˆÃ[˝÷Y =Y_◊ç˘ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ \ˆÁ[˝ a«V ªRÕÙ C a«Y“◊Tˆ◊úˆTˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜,
ÂEı[˝_ \ˆÁ„[˝Á¨nº˜Á„aÃ[˝ LXÓ ÿôˆ[˝‰ÿôˆÁ‰yÃ[˝ Y“„Ã^ÁLX* G›TˆÁÃ^ [˝„_, AcÕ ªJÙÁ◊Ã[˝‰`“S›Ã[˝
\ˆN˛ aEı„_cÕ =VÁÃ[˝, ÂEıc˜ =„Yl˘S›Ã^ X„c˜, aEı„_ \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ ◊Y“Ã^, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ p˚ÁX›
\ˆN˛ a[[˝Ô‰`“úˆ, EıÁÃ[˝S p˚ÁX› C \ˆG[˝ÁX AEıÁ±¡* \ˆG[˝ÁX \ˆ„N˛Ã[˝ aÁW˝Ó, %UÔÁd
%Á±¡Ã[˝÷„Y p˚ÁTˆ[˝Ó C Y“ÁYÓ, p˚ÁX› \ˆ„N˛ C \ˆG[˝Á„X %Á±¡Á C YÃ[˝]Á±¡Á a∂ëˆµ˘
c˜Ã^, p˚ÁX, ÊY“] C Eı∂ˆÇÔ --- AcÕ ◊TˆX a…‰y %Á±¡Á C YÃ[˝]Á±¡Á YÃ[˝&„Ã[˝
%Á[˝à˘* Eı∂ˆÇÔ %Á‰ªK˜, ÂacÕ Eı∂ˆÇÔ \ˆG[˝Åw¯, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó ÂEıÁX Y“„Ã^ÁLX [˝Á ÿëˆÁUÔ
XÁcÕ, Y“ÁUÔX›Ã^ ◊EıªK«˜cÕ XÁcÕ; ÊY“] %Á‰ªK˜, ÂacÕ ÊY“] Eı_c˜ C %◊\ˆ]ÁX`…XÓ
--- ◊XfÿëˆÁUÔ, ◊Xõı_·¯, ◊X∂ˆÇÔ_; p˚ÁX %Á‰ªK˜, ÂacÕ p˚ÁX £õı C \ˆÁ[˝Ã[˝◊c˜Tˆ X„c˜,
G\ˆ›Ã[˝, Tˆ›[˝– %ÁX≥V C ÊY“„] Y…SÔ* aÁW˝Ó AEı c˜cÕ„_C Â^]X aÁW˝Eı ÂTˆ]XcÕ
aÁW˝X, ÂTˆ]XcÕ ◊\ˆ~ ◊\ˆ~ aÁW˝„EıÃ[˝ AEı aÁW˝„XÃ[˝ ◊\ˆ~ ◊\ˆ~ Y“„Ã^ÁG*
LÁTˆ›Ã^TˆÁ
%Á]Á„VÃ[˝ Ã[˝ÁLX›◊TÊı %ÁV`Ô
◊XÃ[˝›„c˜Á XÁ`¬«„Tˆ ]c˜d
Â^ ÂV„`cÕ c˜=Eı, [˝Á Â^ LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝cÕ c˜=Eı, LÁTˆ›Ã^ %\«ˆÓxÁ„XÃ[˝ =„VÓÁG ^FX
%ÁÃ[˝êˆ c˜Ã^, TˆFX Tˆ#XÓ AEıªRÙO› [˝ c˜d C =VÁÃ[˝ Ã[˝ÁLX›◊TÊı %ÁV`Ô ªJÙÁcÕ* ]c˜Á±¡Á
Ã[˝”„aÁÃ[˝ aÁ]ÓX›◊Tˆ Y“ªJÙÁÃ[˝ XÁ c˜cÕ„_ ZıÃ[˝Áa› Ã[˝Ár—Ù◊[˝Y¿„[˝Ã[˝ %Á„[˝G]Ã^› =¨JÙÁEıÁIl˘Á
%à˘¤] Tˆ Z–ıÁ≥a„Eı LÁGÁcÕÃ^Á a]ÿôˆ cÕ„Ã^Á„Ã[˝ÁYFâ¯„Eı Y¿Á◊[˝Tˆ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝Tˆ XÁ*
]X«bÓ]Á‰yÃ[˝ ÿëˆ\ˆÁ[˝LÁTˆ ÿëˆ±ºˆ Y“Á◊äÃ[˝ LXÓ %Á„]◊Ã[˝EıÁ _Á_Á◊Ã^Tˆ XÁ c˜cÕ„_ ]Á◊EÔıX
^«N˛Ã[˝ÁLÓ EıFXC a rÙ c˜cÕTˆ XÁ* @◊bT«ˆ_Ó ]ÓÁ◊L◊X =¨JÙ %Á`Á C =VÁÃ[˝ %ÁV`Ô
X[˝Ó cÕTˆÁ_›Ã[˝ c˜÷V„Ã^ aá˚Á◊Ã[˝Tˆ XÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„_ ÂacÕ Y◊TˆTˆ LÁ◊Tˆ EıFXC ◊ªJÙÃ[˝VÁa„±ºˆÃ[˝
[˝µ˘X EıÁ◊ªRÙ„O Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝Tˆ XÁ* %X«¨JÙ C a·¯›SÔ %ÁV`Ô, l«˘V– %Á`Á, l«˘V– =„Å`Ó, T«ˆ¨K˜
aÁ[˝W˝ÁXTˆÁ C \ˆ›Ã[˝”TˆÁ A[˝e %V…Ã[˝V`fi C aÁcãYÃ[˝Á´¡«F ÂXTˆÁV_, --- A aEı_
Âc˜Ã^ =YÁVÁX EıFXC LÁTˆ›Ã^ `◊N˛ G◊QÕˆ[˝ÁÃ[˝ =Y^«N˛ aÁ]G–› c˜cÕ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ XÁ*
AÃ[˝÷Y l«˘V– =YÁVÁX _cÕÃ^Á ÂEıÁXC LÁ◊Tˆ ÂEıÁXC EıÁ„_ ]c˜„√º¯Ã[˝ =¨JÙ ÂaÁYÁ„X
=‰Pˆ XÁcÕ* ◊XÃ[˝›„c˜Á XÁ`¬«„Tˆ ]c˜d, --- ^Ác˜ÁÃ[˝ %Á`Á l«˘V–, Âa EıFXC ]c˜√º¯ Â\ˆÁG
Eı„Ã[˝ XÁ, --- ]c˜Á\ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝ AcÕ =◊N˛ Ã[˝ÁLX›◊Tˆ◊[˝V„VÃ[˝ a[[˝ÔVÁ ÿˆÇÃ[˝S EıÃ[˝Á =◊ªJÙTˆ*
ÊªK˜„_]ÁX«b› C ÂGÁ_Á◊]Ã[˝ %\ˆÓÁa
%Á]Ã[˝Á `TˆÁå›EıÁ_ y‘]ÁGTˆ YÁ∏JÙÁTˆÓ a\ˆÓTˆÁÃ[˝ aeHbÔ„S Y◊QÕˆÃ^Á LÁTˆ›Ã^

=~◊Tˆ C Ã[˝ÁLX›◊TÊı ÿëˆ±ºˆY“Á◊äÃ[˝ ªJÙ¨JÙ¤Á Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ◊ªK˜* EıÁ„^ÔÓ ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ =~◊Tˆ XÁ c˜cÕÃ^Á
%[˝X◊TˆcÕ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜* Ã[˝ÁLX›◊TÊı ÿëˆ±ºˆY“Á◊ä V…„Ã[˝Ã[˝ EıUÁ, %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ Ã[˝ÁLX›◊TÊı
L›[˝X, [˝Á◊SLÓ, ◊[˝VÓÁ, ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ`◊N˛ C W˝∂ˆÇÔ\ˆÁ[˝ a[˝cÕ ` Ö_Á[˝à˘ c˜cÕÃ^Á Y◊QÕˆÃ^Á‰ªK˜*
%‰~Ã[˝ LXÓ, Y◊Ã[˝„W˝Ã^ [˝‰ÿóˆÃ[˝ LXÓ, ◊`l˘ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ, Ã[˝ÁLX›◊TÊı ÿëˆ„±ºˆÃ[˝ LXÓ A[˝e
[˝«◊à˘◊[˝EıÁ` C ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁY“SÁ_›Ã[˝ LXÓ %Á]Ã[˝Á YÃ[˝]«FÁ„Yl˘›* cÕeÃ[˝ÁL %Á]Á◊VG„Eı
Eı„ÃÊıªRÙO› ÂF_XÁ ◊VÃ^Á‰ªK˜ [˝◊_Ã^Á %Á]Á◊V„GÃ[˝ E ıTˆp˚TˆÁÃ[˝ a›]Á XÁcÕ* Â^ LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝
]X C `Ã[˝›Ã[˝ =\ˆÃ^cÕ YÃ[˝ÁW˝›X, Âa LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ Y„l˘ ÂÃ[˝_, ÊªRÙO◊_G–ÁZÀı, cÕ„_EÀı◊ÆœÙ◊a◊ªRÙO,
]«Ó◊X◊aYÁ◊_◊ªRÙ,O ◊[˝`◊ü [˝VÓÁ_Ã^ C LÁTˆ›^Ã ]c˜Áa◊]◊Tˆ Y“\ˆ ◊Tˆ ◊[˝p˚Á„XÃ[˝ ^Tˆ %Á◊[˝õıÁ[Ã ˝,
A[˝e YÁ∏JÙÁTˆÓ Ã[˝ÁLX›◊TÊı L›[˝„XÃ[˝ ^Tˆ aÁ]G–›, a[˝cÕ ÂF_XÁ ]Áy* _QÔˆ ◊Ã[˝YS
[˝Á ◊]f ]Ã[˝_› %Á]Á◊VG„Eı ^TˆcÕ ÿëˆ±ºˆ ◊VX XÁ ÂEıX TˆÁc˜Á„Tˆ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ LÁTˆ›Ã^
L›[˝„XÃ[˝ %YEıÁÃ[˝ ◊\ˆ~ =YEıÁÃ[˝ c˜cÕ„[˝ XÁ* Âam◊_C ÂF_XÁ [˝cÕ %ÁÃ[˝ ◊EıªK«˜cÕ
X„c˜; ^Ác˜Á ÿëˆY“Ã^Áa_ç˘ TˆÁc˜ÁcÕ ÿëˆ±ºˆ; Y„Ã[˝Ã[˝ VÁX ÿëˆ±ºˆ X„c˜* %TÂ[˝ AcÕ ÿëˆ±ºˆm◊_
Y“E ıTˆ ÿëˆ±ºˆ X„c˜, TˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ÂEıÁX ÿöˆÁÃ^› %◊W˝EıÁÃ[˝ XÁcÕ; %ÁL
◊Ã[˝YS ◊V_, EıÁ_ EıÁ#¤X EıÁ◊QÕˆÃ^Á _cÕ„[˝* %ÁÃ[˝ %Á]Ã[˝Á "c˜ÁÃ^! %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ÂF_XÁ
ÂG_, ◊Eı ÂHÁÃ[˝ %XÓÁÃ^!' [˝◊_Ã^Á ac˜ÿÉˆ a\ˆÁa◊]◊Tˆ„Tˆ =Î¨JÙfÿëˆ„Ã[˝ ÂÃ[˝ÁVX Eı◊Ã[˝[˝*
ÊªK˜„_]ÁX«b› %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ [˝wÔ¯]ÁX Ã[˝ÁLX›◊TÊı L›[˝„XÃ[˝ AEıªRÙO› ]«FÓ _l˘S* %ÁÃ[˝
AEıRª Ù›O _l˘S VÁa„±ºˆ[Ã ˝ %\ˆÓÁa* %Á]Ã[˝Á =¨JÙ YV Y“Áä c˜c˜„O _C ÂGÁ_Á], ◊a◊\ˆ◊_Ã^ÁX
LL, ]«Ó◊X◊aYÁ_ Eı◊]`XÁÃ[˝, ◊Qˆ◊∫ÆœÙkÙ Â[˝Á„QÔˆÃ[˝ %W˝Ól˘, ◊[˝`ü◊[˝VÓÁ_„Ã^Ã[˝ ◊a◊â¯Eı,
[˝Ó[˝ÿöˆÁYEı a\ˆÁÃ[˝ a\ˆÁaV, aEı„_cÕ ` Ö_ Y◊Ã[˝Ã^Á Ã[˝Ü]„á˚ %◊\ˆXÃ^ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜X*
Tˆ„[˝ %Á]Ã[˝Á A]X l«˘V–Á`Ã^ c˜cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜ Â^, ÂacÕ ` Ö_ ÿëˆSÔ [˝Á ÂÃ[˝ÏYÓ ◊X◊∂ˆÇÔTˆ [˝◊_Ã^Á
G[[˝Ô Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ _#Á Â[˝ÁW˝ c˜^Ã XÁ* ÂGÁ_Á◊] Y“GÁªRÙÕ E«ı^Ã ÁaÁÃ[˝ ]Tˆ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝
a]ÿôˆ L›[˝X ªK˜ÁcÕÃ^Á ÂZı◊_Ã^Á‰ªK˜* a«„FÃ[˝ EıUÁ AcÕ Â^, ATˆ◊VX %Á]Ã[˝Á ÿëˆY¬
ÂV◊F„Tˆ◊ªK˜_Á], AFX ªJÙl«˘ F«◊_Ã^Á %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ c˜›XÁ[˝ÿöˆÁ [˝«◊Mı„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝„Tˆ◊ªK˜* AcÕ
a[[˝Ô[˝ÓÁY› YÃ[˝ÁW˝›XTˆÁ %ÁÃ[˝ ac˜Ó c˜Ã^ XÁ, Â^ =YÁ„Ã^cÕ c˜=Eı ◊`l˘ÁÃ^, [˝Á◊S„LÓ
C Ã[˝ÁLX›◊TÊı L›[˝„X ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁ %#¤X Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ c˜cÕ„[˝, AcÕ \ˆÁ[˝ y‘„] ÂV`]Ã^
aá˚Á◊Ã[˝Tˆ c˜cÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜* cÕc˜ÁcÕ \ˆ◊[˝bÓ„TˆÃ[˝ %Á`Á* cÕc˜Á„Tˆ [˝«◊Mı_Á] %Á]Ã[˝Á LÁ◊GÃ^Á◊ªK˜,
%ÁÃ[˝ ÂacÕ H«]-YÁQÕˆÁX GÁX £◊X[˝ XÁ, %ÁÃ[˝ ÂEıÁX Y“◊Tˆ[˝µ˘Eı [˝Á EıÁc˜ÁÃ[˝C ◊X„bW˝
]Á◊X[˝ XÁ, %Á]Ã[˝Á =◊Pˆ[˝cÕ =◊Pˆ[˝*
LÁTˆ›Ã^ ]c˜Áa◊]◊TˆÃ[˝ l«˘V–Á`Ã^TˆÁ
`TˆÁå›EıÁ„_Ã[˝ ÊªJÙrÙÁÃ^ A]X Y◊Ã[˝SÁ] c˜cÕ_ ÂEıX? LÁYÁX ◊≈y` [˝da„Ã[˝Ã[˝

]„W˝Ó YÁ∏JÙÁTˆÓ Ã[˝Ár—Ù[˝ „≥VÃ[˝ a]Eıl˘ ]c˜d LÁ◊Tˆ c˜cÕ„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝_, %Á]Ã[˝Á ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ Â^
◊Tˆ◊]„Ã[˝ ÂacÕ ◊Tˆ◊]„Ã[˝cÕ Ã[˝◊c˜Ã^Á ÂG_Á], AcÕ È[˝b„]ÓÃ[˝ EıÁÃ[˝S ◊Eı? cÕc˜ÁÃ[˝ EıÁÃ[˝S
%ÁÃ[˝ ◊EıªK«˜cÕ X„c˜, ÂEı[˝_ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ Ã[˝ÁLX›◊TÊı %ÁV„`ÔÃ[˝ l«˘V–TˆÁ C c˜›XTˆÁ*
Â^ LÁTˆ›Ã^ ]c˜Áa◊]◊Tˆ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ Ã[˝ÁLX›◊TÊı L›[˝„XÃ[˝ ªJÙÃ[˝] =dEıbÔ [˝◊_Ã^Á G c˜›Tˆ,
Âa ]c˜Áa◊]◊TˆÃ[˝ =„Å`Ó Tˆ_ÁcÕÃ^Á [˝«◊Mı„Tˆ ^ÁcÕ„_C AcÕ l«˘V–TˆÁÃ[˝cÕ Y◊Ã[˝ªJÙÃ^ YÁcÕ*
%Á]Á„VÃ[˝ Ã[˝ÁLX›◊TÊı %ÁV`Ô 97
ÂGÁ_Á„]Ã[˝ LÓÁPˆÁ◊]
LÁTˆ›Ã^ ]c˜Áa◊]◊TˆÃ[˝ =„Å`Ó ◊Eı? %„X„Eı LÁTˆ›Ã^ ]c˜Áa◊]◊TˆÃ[˝ =„Å„`ÓÃ[˝
XÁ] ◊VÃ^Á AcÕ EıUÁ Y“ªJÙÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜X, ""cÕeÃ[˝ÁL Ã[˝ÁLY«Ã[˝”bGS ÂV`„Eı =w¯]Ã[˝÷„Y
`ÁaX Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜X* Tˆ„[˝ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á ◊[˝„V`› [˝◊_Ã^Á \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ[˝Áa›Ã[˝ ]„XÃ[˝ \ˆÁ[˝ [˝«◊Mı„Tˆ
%l˘], ÂacÕLXÓ `Áa„XÃ[˝ %îÿëˆî ÂVÁb %Á‰ªK˜* %Á]Ã[˝Á Y“◊Tˆ [˝daÃ[˝ \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ[˝Áa›Ã[˝
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\…ˆ„Y≥V–XÁU„Eı ÂL„_ ◊VÃ^Á ◊Zı◊Ã[˝Ü› aÃ[˝EıÁÃ[˝ \ˆÁ◊[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜_ AcÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á
^«GÁ‹ôˆ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ =xÁX`◊N˛ A„Eı[˝Á„Ã[˝ Ã[˝◊c˜Tˆ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ◊VÃ^Á‰ªK˜* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ^«GÁ‹ôˆÃ[˝ %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝
[˝Á◊c˜Ã[˝ c˜cÕ_* ]◊Ã[˝_ XÁ Tˆ [˝‰ªRÙOcÕ, %◊W˝Eı‹ô«ˆ %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ \ˆ◊[˝bÓ„Tˆ Â^ ]◊Ã[˝„[˝ TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝
%Á`Á Y^ÔÓ‹ôˆ ◊V_ XÁ* cÕc˜Á„Tˆ aÃ[˝EıÁ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ Tˆ Ã[˝ÁG c˜cÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝cÕ EıUÁ!
cÕe◊_`]ÓÁX C ÂQˆ◊_ ◊X=L "c˜Á ßTˆÁ`' Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á Â`„b %Á`Á ◊V_ --- ""\ˆÃ^
XÁcÕ; ÊªK˜ÁªRÙO_ÁªRÙO %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ ^«GÁ‹ôˆÃ[˝ a+ÁVEı„Eı ÂL„_ ◊V[˝ÁÃ[˝ [˝Ó[˝ÿöˆÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜X*''
ÊªK˜ÁªRÙO_ÁªRÙO XÁ◊Eı [˝◊_Ã^Á‰ªK˜X Â^, ◊Tˆ◊X ^«GÁ‹ôˆ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ EıTˆm_Á a+ÁVEı %Á‰ªK˜ AEı[˝ÁÃ[˝
ÂV◊FÃ^Á _cÕ„[˝X; a[˝ EıªRÙOÁ„Eı ÂL„_ YÁPˆÁcÕ„[˝X*
^«GÁ‹ôˆ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ a+ÁVEı ÂEı? ^«GÁ‹ôˆÃ[˝ Tˆ LÁTˆ›Ã^ \ˆÁ[˝a]◊rÙ ]Áy* Â_Á„EıÃ[˝
Y“Á„SÃ[˝ ◊\ˆTˆÃ[˝ ◊VÃ^Á Â^ \ˆÁ[˝‰ÿÉˆÁTˆ ªK«˜◊ªRÙOÃ^Á‰ªK˜ TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ AEı AEıªRÙOÁ EıSÁ ]Áy ^«GÁ‹ôˆ„Ã[˝
%Á◊aÃ^Á W˝ÁhıÁ _Á„G* a+ÁVEı Tˆ TˆÁc˜Á %◊\ˆ[˝Ó◊N˛Ã[˝ ^‹óˆ ]Áy* ^‹óˆ„Eı W˝◊Ã[˝„_
^‹óˆ› Tˆ W˝Ã[˝Á Y‰QÕˆ XÁ; ^‹óˆ› Â^ %`Ã[˝›Ã[˝›* B Â^ YÁ„_ YÁ„_ =XΩÁV [˝Á_„EıÃ[˝
V_ ""[˝„≥V]ÁTˆÃ[˝]À'' ]„‹óˆ ]«Ñ˘ c˜cÕÃ^Á %LÁXÁ _„l˘ÓÃ[˝ ◊V„Eı ªK«˜◊ªRÙOÃ^Á‰ªK˜, B ^Ác˜ÁÃ[˝Á
X ]«â¯ ]Á◊_X›Ã[˝ FYÔÃ[˝ Tˆ„_ %Á±¡[˝◊_VÁX ◊VÃ^Á %]Ã[˝±ºˆ _Á„\ˆÃ[˝ LXÓ =da«Eı
--- TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ÁcÕ ÂV„` ^«GÁ‹ôˆÃ[˝ %Á◊X„[˝; TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ÁcÕ ^«GÁ‹ôˆ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ a+ÁVEı* G[[˝Ôÿˆèı›Tˆ
%µ˘! TˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ aeFÓÁ LÁ◊X„Tˆ Jª ÙÁC! AEı◊VX LÁ◊X„[˝* TˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ aEı_„Eı EıÁ[Ã ˝ÁGÁ„Ã[˝
Y«◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁÃ[˝ ATˆ[˝QÕˆ EıÁÃ[˝ÁGÁÃ[˝ Tˆ %ÁLC ÂTˆÁ]Ã[˝Á GgÁ≈◊UÃ^Á T«ˆ◊_„Tˆ YÁÃ[˝ XÁcÕ*
%ÁYXÁ„Eı %ÁY◊X Â^ ÂGÁ_Á] XÁ aÁLÁÃ^, TˆÁc˜Á„Eı ÂGÁ_Á] aÁLÁcÕ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝
ATˆ[˝QÕˆ [˝›Ã[˝ A ◊≈y\«ˆ[˝„X ÂEıc˜ XÁcÕ* T«ˆ◊] %Á]ÁÃ^ EıÁÃ[˝ÁV„â¯ V◊â¯Tˆ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á
ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ %W˝›XTˆÁ ÿëˆ›EıÁÃ[˝ EıÃ[˝ÁcÕ„[˝; %Á◊] ^◊V "A V«fF XÃ^ ]Á VÃ^Á ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝'
[˝◊_Ã^Á ac˜ÁaÓ ]«„F EıÁÃ[˝ÁG „c˜ Y“„[˝` Eı◊Ã[˝ --- Tˆ„[˝cÕ Tˆ ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ V]„XÃ[˝ ÊªJÙrÙÁ
[˝ÓUÔ! T«ˆ◊] %Á]ÁÃ^ ZgıÁa›EıÁ‰Pˆ M«ı_ÁcÕ„[˝? --- %Á◊] ]◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ a]„Ã^C l˘]TˆÁ T«ˆ¨K˜
Eı◊[Ã ˝^Ã Á ]◊Ã[˝[˝* AEı◊V„Eı ]ÁT ˆ]‹óˆ %YÃ[˝◊V„Eı c˜eO [Ã ˝Á„LÃ[˝ YÃ[˝ÁW˝›XTˆÁ ÿëˆ›EıÁ[Ã ˝ Eı[Ã ˝Ác˜„O Tˆ
Jª ÙÁC! Â]ÁG_ a∂ÉˆÁRª ÙO ^FX AEı◊VX ÂTˆÁ]Á„VÃ[˝cÕ ]Tˆ ]VG„[[˝Ô %µ˘ c˜c˜^ÃO Á ◊`FmÃ[˝”„Eı
W˝∂ˆÇÔTˆÓÁG Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ [˝◊_Ã^Á◊ªK˜_, TˆFX ◊`FmÃ[˝” c˜Á◊a„Tˆ c˜Á◊a„Tˆ %ÁYXÁÃ[˝ ]ÁUÁ
◊VÃ^Á◊ªK˜„_X; W˝∂ˆÇÔ ÂVX XÁcÕ* %Á]Ã[˝ÁC TˆÁc˜ÁcÕ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝* \ˆÁÃ[˝„Tˆ %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ [˝XÓÁ
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ÂTˆÁ]Ã[˝Á %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ ÈY`Á◊ªJÙEı %TˆÓÁªJÙÁ[Ã ˝ Eı◊[Ã ˝„Tˆ aÁcã› c˜C; %Á]Ã[˝Á ÂTˆÁ]Á„VÃ[˝
]ÁUÁÃ^ T«ˆ◊_Ã^Á Ã[˝Á◊FÃ^Á◊ªK˜ [˝◊_Ã^ÁcÕ ÂTˆÁ]Ã[˝Á aTˆÓcÕ ]ÁUÁÃ[˝ ]◊S; Â^◊VX ◊Xúˆ›[˝„XÃ[˝
]Tˆ ÂTˆÁ]Á„VÃ[˝ H SÁÃ[˝ a◊c˜Tˆ V…„Ã[˝ ◊X„l˘Y Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ --- Âa◊VX ÂTˆÁ]Ã[˝Á ◊Xúˆ›[˝X
%„Yl˘Á %◊W˝Eı ]…_Ó[˝ÁX Xc˜* %Á]Ã[˝Á }Á◊‹ôˆÃ[˝ ÂHÁ„Ã[˝ ◊]UÓÁÃ[˝ Y…LÁÃ^ Y“[˝ w¯ [˝◊_Ã^ÁcÕ
◊]UÓÁ %ÁL a„TˆÓÃ[˝ %Áa„X [˝◊a„Tˆ aÁcã YÁcÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜* YÃ[˝]c˜ea„V[˝ [˝◊_„TˆX
--- ]ÁÃ^Á„Eı ]ÁÃ^Á [˝◊_Ã^Á ◊ªJÙ◊X„_ ]ÁÃ^Á Y_ÁcÕÃ^Á ^ÁÃ^* Â^◊VX %Á]Ã[˝Á [˝«◊Mı[˝ Â^
%Á]Ã[˝Á EıTˆm„_Á %~VÁa, \ˆ[˝H«„Ã[˝„Eı W˝◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ÿëˆc˜‰ÿôˆ TˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ EıYÁ„_ Ã[˝ÁLªRÙO›EıÁ
YÃ[˝ÁcÕÃ^Á ◊VÃ^Á◊ªK˜, Â^ ◊VX [˝«◊Mı[˝ %Á]Ã[˝Á [˝Áÿôˆ◊[˝Eı EıÁSÁ X◊c˜, £W˝« Âÿëˆ¨K˜ÁÃ^ ÊªJÙÁF
[˝«◊LÃ^Á %µ˘EıÁÃ[˝ ÂV◊F„Tˆ◊ªK˜ ]Áy, Â^◊VX [˝«◊Mı[˝ %Á]Ã[˝Á V«[[˝Ô_ X◊c˜, %YÁÃ[˝G X◊c˜,
£W˝« %Á_„aÓÃ[˝ ÂHÁ„Ã[˝, %p˚Á„XÃ[˝ ÂHÁ„Ã[˝ Y◊QÕˆÃ^Á %Á◊ªK˜ ]Áy --- ÂacÕ◊VX %Á]Á„VÃ[˝
V«Å¤`ÁÃ[˝ ◊X[˝ ◊w¯* Âa ◊VX %ÁÃ[˝ ""%Á]Ã[˝Á ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁÃ[˝ =Y^«N˛ X◊c˜'' [˝◊_Ã^Á LG„TˆÃ[˝
a∂ˆÇ«„F c˜ÁaÓÁ&V c˜cÕ„Tˆ ªK«˜◊ªRÙO[˝ XÁ* %X‹ôˆ `◊N˛Ã[˝ %ÁW˝ÁÃ[˝\…ˆTˆÁ, Ã[˝‰µ–˘ Ã[˝‰µ–˘
ËªJÙTˆXÓ]Ã^› %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ LXX› --- %Á]Ã[˝Á %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ EıÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ VÁa?
Y“◊Tˆp˚Á EıÃ[˝ ÂV◊F %ÁÃ[˝ ◊]UÓÁÃ[˝ ae&„`Ô %Á◊a[˝ XÁ, c˜eO [Ã ˝Á„LÃ[˝ ◊[˝`◊ü [˝VÓÁ_Ã^-
Ã[˝÷Y ^ÁV«G „c˜ YÁ◊â¯„TˆÓÃ[˝ TÊÀı]Á YÁcÕÃ^Á Â\ˆQÕˆÁ [˝◊XÃ^Á UÁ◊Eı[˝ XÁ; ÊªK˜ÁªRÙO_ÁªRÙO [˝QÕˆ_ÁªRÙO
[˝Á◊c˜Ã[˝ c˜cÕ„_ %◊\ˆX≥VX Yy _cÕÃ^Á ◊ªJÙÃ[˝VÁa±ºˆ ÿëˆ›EıÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ TˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝
◊YªK«˜ ◊YªK«˜ ªK«˜◊ªRÙO[˝ XÁ --- TˆFX ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ ÛÁUÔ ÿëˆÃ[˝÷Y [˝«◊Mı„[˝; ÂV◊F„[˝ ]Á ◊ªJÙÃ[˝ÿëˆÁW˝›XÁ*
AEı[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÊªJÙÁ„FÃ[˝ P«ˆ◊_ F«◊_Ã^Á ÂZı◊_Ã^Á ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ %\ˆÃ^YV ÂVF ÂV◊F; [˝«◊Mı„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝„[˝
A cÕeÃ[˝ÁL Ã[˝ÁL±ºˆ AEıªRÙOÁ Y“EıÁâ¯ ◊]UÓÁ ]ÁÃ^ÁY«Ã[˝›*
AEıUÁ [˝◊_„_ cÕeÃ[˝ÁL Ã[˝Á◊GÃ^Á =◊Pˆ„[˝; ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ a◊c˜Tˆ cÕeÃ[˝Á„LÃ[˝
◊]_„XÃ[˝ Tˆ ÂEıÁX aêˆÁ[˝XÁcÕ XÁc˜*O AEıÿˆö Á„X [˝◊aÃ^Á aTˆÓ ◊]UÓÁ =\ˆ„^Ã Tˆ ◊X◊[[˝[Ô ˝Á„V
HÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ XÁ* cÕeÃ[˝Á„LÃ[˝ ◊[˝„Ã[˝ÁW˝ W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ a◊c˜Tˆ --- a„TˆÓÃ[˝ a◊c˜Tˆ* %ÁÃ[˝
^Ác˜ÁÃ[˝ a„TˆÓÃ[˝ a◊c˜Tˆ ◊[˝„Ã[˝ÁW˝ TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ]Ã[˝S %[˝`ÓêˆÁ[˝›*
%Á]Á„VÃ[˝ [˝wÔ¯]ÁX Ã[˝ÁLX›◊TÊı %[˝ÿöˆÁ
ÂEıÁXC ÂV„` ÂEıÁXC ]c˜d Y◊Ã[˝[˝wÔ¯X %ÁÃ[˝à˘ c˜cÕ„_ Ã[˝ÁLX›◊Tˆ, a]ÁL C
W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ [˝Á◊c˜ÓEı %ÁEıÁÃ[˝, ◊`l˘Á, X›◊Tˆ cÕTˆÓÁ◊V ]ÁX[˝L›[˝„XÃ[˝ ^TˆcÕ Y“◊Tˆ◊úˆTˆ %Ü
UÁ„Eı, aEı„_Ã[˝ ]„W˝Ó ÂacÕ Y◊Ã[˝[˝wÔ¯„XÃ[˝ Y◊Ã[˝SÁ] %◊Tˆ `›H–cÕ _◊l˘Tˆ c˜Ã^* a]ÿôˆ
ÂV` l«˘ç˘ ]c˜ÁaÁG„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ]Tˆ %Á„_Á◊QÕˆTˆ c˜Ã^* ^Ác˜Á Y“◊Tˆ◊úˆTˆ, TˆÁc˜Á \ˆG¬ c˜cÕÃ^Á
W˝…◊_aÁd c˜cÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ =Yy‘] c˜Ã^, ^Ác˜Á X[˝LÁTˆ C %Y…SÔ TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Y…SÔTˆÁY“Á◊ä C
Y“◊TˆúˆÁÃ[˝ %Á„Ã^ÁLX ªJÙÁ◊Ã[˝◊V„Eı %ÁÃ[˝êˆ c˜Ã^* Y“U] ÂacÕ %Á„Ã^ÁL„XÃ[˝ ÂEıÁXC
◊X◊Å¤rÙ Y“SÁ_› ◊ÿöˆÃ[˝ EıÃ[˝Á Eı◊PˆX* ÂEıÁUÁ c˜cÕ„Tˆ ÂEıÁXÀ %Á`ÁTˆ›Tˆ ÊY“Ã[˝SÁ %ÿˆè«ıªRÙO
[˝Á %_◊l˘Tˆ \ˆÁ„[˝ %î aeFÓEı Â_Á„EıÃ[˝ c˜÷V„Ã^ Y“„[˝` Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á LXaÁW˝ÁÃ[˝„S
aá˚Á◊Ã[˝Tˆ c˜Ã^ A[˝e Y“U] %Á„[˝„` Eı„ÃÊı◊ªRÙO ]c˜d %X«úˆÁ„XÃ[˝ Y“ÁÃ[˝êˆ ]Áy EıÃ[˝ÁcÕÃ^Á
Â^X `“Á‹ôˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á Y‰QÕˆ* TˆÃ[˝„ÜÃ[˝ GÁ„Ã^ TˆÃ[˝Ü =‰Pˆ, ]ÁX[˝ a]«‰V–Ã[˝ `Á◊‹ôˆ]Ã^ C
Y◊Ã[˝◊ªJÙTˆ V `Ó H«◊ªJÙÃ^Á ◊VG‹ôˆ[˝ÓÁY› Mıu˙X C ÂEıÁ_Ác˜„_ Y◊Ã[˝STˆ c˜Ã^* ]◊TˆÃ[˝ AEıªTˆÁ
XÁcÕ, G◊TˆÃ[˝ ◊ÿöˆÃ[˝TˆÁ XÁcÕ* aÁcã›Ã[˝ =daÁc˜ [˝ÁEıÓ, V«faÁcã›Ã[˝ =ÅÁ] E ıTˆÓ, ◊[˝„`üÃ[˝
[˝ÓUÔ ◊[˝p˚TˆÁÃ^, \ˆ›Ã[˝”Ã[˝ ◊X‰∏JÙrÙTˆÁ„YÁbEı YÃ[˝Á]„`Ô ÂV`[˝Áa›Ã[˝ [˝«◊à˘ ◊[˝[˝–Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á
Y‰QÕˆ* ÂXTˆÁ„VÃ[˝ BEıÓ V…„Ã[˝Ã[˝ EıUÁ, Y“„TˆÓ„EıÃ[˝ ]„TˆÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó %◊ÿöˆÃ[˝TˆÁ C %ÍXEıÓ
Y“EıÁ` YÁÃ^* ◊^◊X Y“ÁÃ[˝„êˆ `…Ã[˝ C =daÁc˜›, ◊Tˆ◊XcÕ ]W˝ÓY„U \ˆ›Tˆ C ◊XÃ[˝”daÁc˜
c˜cÕÃ^Á ""UÁ], ◊Zı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ^ÁcÕ'' [˝◊_Ã^Á [˝ UÁ QˆÁEıÁQˆÁ◊Eı %ÁÃ[˝êˆ Eı„Ã[˝X* EıÁ_ ◊^◊X
ÂVÏQÕˆÁcÕ„Tˆ LÁ◊X„TˆX, %ÁL ◊Tˆ◊X ]≥VG◊TˆÃ[˝ Yl˘YÁTˆ›, `›H– AEıYÁ„`üÔ a◊Ã[˝Ã^Á
[˝◊aÃ^Á Y◊QÕˆ[˝Á[Ã ˝ _l˘S ÂVFÁX* %G–GÁ]› Y∏JÙÁVÀGÁ]›, ◊[˝Y[¿ ˝[˝ÁV› `Á◊‹ôˆ◊Y“^Ã , ÂTˆLÿëˆ›
◊X‰ÿôˆL c˜Ã^* Ã[˝ÁLX›◊TÊı %ÁEıÁ„` X[˝ X[˝ Xl˘y =◊VTˆ c˜Ã^, F◊aÃ^Á Y‰QÕˆ; ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ
Xl˘‰yÃ[˝ %\ˆÁ[˝ c˜Ã^ XÁ* a]«‰V–Ã[˝ TˆÃ[˝Ü =‰Pˆ TˆÃ[˝Ü ªR«ÙO‰ªRÙO; ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ÂacÕ ◊[˝`Á_
%Á„_Á◊QÕˆTˆ ]c˜ÁaÁG„Ã[˝[Ã ˝ ◊[˝◊l˘ä ael«˘ç˘ ac˜ÿˆÉ Tˆ[Ã ˝Ü‰`“S›Ã[˝ X…ÓXTˆÁ c˜^Ã XÁ* ^gÁc˜Á[Ã ˝Á
a„[[˝ÁÔ ¨JÙ Tˆ[Ã ˝„ÜÃ[˝ Jª Ù… QˆÕ Á^Ã %ÁÃ[˝÷Rª ÙÕ , TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ A]X `◊N˛ UÁ„Eı XÁ Â^ ÂacÕ X„[˝ÁxÁ„XÃ[˝
ÂEıÁ_Ác˜_„Eı ◊X[˝Á◊Ã[˝Tˆ Eı„Ã[˝X, %\ˆ›rÙ Y„U ªJÙÁ_ÁX [˝Á a«` Ö◊_Tˆ Eı„Ã[˝X* TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á
Tˆ[Ã ˝„ÜÃ[˝ a„Ü \ˆÁ◊a„Tˆ‰Kª ˜X, Tˆ[Ã ˝Ü Jª ÙÁ_Ác˜„O Tˆ‰Kª ˜X XÁ* ÂacÕ =„•◊_Tˆ `◊N˛cÕ ◊[˝Y„¿ [˝[Ã ˝
AEı]Áy ÂXTˆÁ C EıwÔ¯Á* A]X a]Ã^C %Á„a ^FX aEı„_Ã[˝ ]„X AcÕ }Á‹ôˆ W˝ÁÃ[˝SÁ
c˜Ã^ Â^, [˝«◊Mı ÂEıÁ_Ác˜_ ◊ªJÙÃ[˝EıÁ„_Ã[˝ LXÓ ◊Xÿôˆç˘ c˜cÕ_ Mı◊ªRÙOEıÁ UÁ◊]Ã^Á ÂG_,
ÂV[˝TˆÁ ◊X∂ˆÇÔ_ %ÁEıÁ` Y“EıªRÙO Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ =VÓTˆ c˜cÕ„_X; a]«‰V–Ã[˝ Y«Ã[˝ÁTˆX %◊W˝EıÁÃ[˝›
[˝Ã[˝”S„V[˝ ◊[˝◊l˘ä TˆÃ[˝Ü]Á_Á c˜cÕ„Tˆ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ]◊c˜]Á◊XüTˆ ÂaÏ]Ó]…◊wÔ¯ Y“EıÁ` Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á
c˜^Ã ◊[˝\ˆ›◊bEıÁ ÂVFÁc˜^ÃO Á‰ªK˜X, TˆÁc˜Á„TˆcÕ ÂEıÁ_Ác˜_ UÁ◊]_, XÃ^ ◊[˝\ˆ›◊bEıÁ[Ã ˝ ◊[˝Zı_TˆÁ
[˝«◊MıÃ^Á ◊X[[˝ÔÁaX-YÁ` ◊X„l˘Y Y…[[˝ÔEı Eı„ÃÊıLX \ˆÁa]ÁX ÂXTˆÁ„Eı %ÁEıbÔS
Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á a]«‰V–Ã[˝ %Tˆ_G„\ˆ¤ _«EıÁcÕÃ^Á Ã[˝Á◊FÃ^Á‰ªK˜X A[˝e =à˘Tˆ [˝ÁÃ^«E«ı_„Eı %ÁcÕX-
EıÁX«X ◊XGQÕˆÁ[˝à˘ mc˜ÁG‚º˜„Ã[˝ ◊XG c˜›Tˆ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X* %TÂ[˝ %ÁÃ[˝ \ˆÃ^ XÁcÕ, `›H–
Y«Ã[˝ÁTˆX `Á◊‹ôˆ C ◊X‰∏JÙrÙTˆÁ ◊Zı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á %Á◊a„[˝* A]X a]„Ã^ AcÕ Y“TˆÓÁ`Á ◊XTˆÁ‹ôˆcÕ
ÿëˆÁ\ˆÁ◊[˝Eı, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ a[[˝ÔVÁ `Á◊‹ôˆY“Ã^Áa›GS [˝ÓUÔ]„XÁÃ[˝U c˜Ã^* Â^ Y◊Ã[˝[˝wÔ¯X %ÁÃ[˝êˆ
c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜, TˆÁc˜Á a+…SÔ XÁ c˜CÃ^Á Y^ÔÓ‹ôˆ ÂGÁ_ UÁ◊][˝ÁÃ[˝ XÃ^, cÕc˜ÁcÕ Y“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝
◊XÃ^]* cÕc˜Á„Tˆ ]ÁX«„bÃ[˝ c˜ÁTˆ XÁcÕ* Â^]X ÂacÕ ◊[˝`Á_ a]«V–&≥VX ]ÁX[˝a rÙ
XÃ^, ÂTˆ]XcÕ TˆÁc˜Á %EıÁ„_ `Á‹ôˆ EıÃ[˝Á ]ÁX[˝`◊N˛Ã[˝ %Tˆ›Tˆ* %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ÂV„` AcÕ-
[Ã ˝÷Y Y◊Ã[˝[˝wÔ¯X YgÁªJÙ [˝daÃ[˝ c˜cÕ„Tˆ ªJÙ◊_„Tˆ‰ªK˜, AcÕÃ[˝÷Y %◊X[˝Á^ÔÓ %`Á◊‹ôˆ Ã[˝ÁLX›◊Tˆ,
a]ÁL, W˝∂ˆÇÔ, ◊`l˘ÁX›◊Tˆ„Eı %Á„≥VÁ◊_Tˆ C ◊[˝l«˘ç˘ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜, AcÕÃ[˝÷Y l˘◊SEı
Tˆ[Ã ˝Ü◊XG–c˜ C ◊]UÓÁ `Á◊‹ôˆ[Ã ˝ Y“TˆÓÁ`ÁÃ[˝ a]Ã^ %Á◊aÃ^Á‰ªK˜* ^gÁc˜Á[Ã ˝ }Á‹ôˆ X›◊Tˆ %X«a[Ã ˝S
Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ◊XG–c˜„EıcÕ =YÁÃ^ ◊Xà˘¤ÁÃ[˝S Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á ÿˆÇÃ[˝S EıÃ[˝”X, Â^ EıFXC
ÂEıÁX cÕ◊Tˆc˜Á„a AÃ[˝÷Y ◊[˝Y¿[˝ ◊XG–c˜ •ÁÃ[˝Á ◊ªJÙÃ[˝EıÁ_ ÿöˆ◊GTˆ c˜cÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ V rÙÁ‹ôˆ ÂVFÁ
^ÁÃ^ XÁ* ÊÿÉˆÁTˆ ◊XG c˜›Tˆ c˜cÕ„_ a[[˝Ô [˝µ˘X \ˆÁ◊ÜÃ^Á V`mS Â[˝„G ◊[˝Y#XEı YU
%[˝_∂ëˆX Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á [˝„c˜* TˆÁc˜Á `Á‹ôˆ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ AEıcÕ =YÁÃ^ ÂacÕ Y◊Ã[˝[˝wÔ¯„XÃ[˝ YU
a«G] C [˝ÁW˝ÁÃ[˝◊c˜Tˆ EıÃ[˝Á* ^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á AcÕ l˘◊SEı TˆÃ[˝Ü-◊XG–„c˜ %Á`üÿôˆ C =daÁ◊c˜Tˆ
c˜cÕÃ^Á Y«Ã[˝ÁTˆX ◊ÿöˆ◊TˆÃ[˝ Y«XÃ[˝ÁXÃ^X a·¯î Eı„Ã[˝X, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ÁC ]„X EıÃ[˝”X Â^, ^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á
ÂV„`Ã[˝ ÂXTˆÁ aÁ◊LÃ^Á AcÕÃ[˝÷Y ◊[˝Zı_ Y“Ã^Áa %ÁÃ[˝êˆ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X, cÕ◊Tˆc˜Á„a a[[˝ÔVÁ
ÂVFÁ ◊GÃ^Á‰ªK˜, TˆÃ[˝Üm◊_ TgˆÁc˜Á◊VG„Eı G–Áa Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ◊XÃ[˝”„Å„` \ˆÁaÁcÕÃ^Á %Eı›◊wÔ¯
aÁG„Ã[˝ ]G¬ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜* %ÁÃ[˝ ^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á AcÕ l˘◊SEı [˝ÁW˝ÁÃ^ \ˆ‰G¬ÁdaÁc˜ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜X,
TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝C [˝◊_ Â^, cÕc˜ÁC Y“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝ ◊XÃ^]* ◊[˝W˝ÁTˆÁ ^FX Y«Ã[˝ÁTˆX„Eı Q«ˆ[˝ÁcÕÃ^Á
]c˜Tˆ› X[˝ %Á`Á„Eı aZı_ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ aEıÁ] c˜X, TˆFX Y“U] Y«Ã[˝ÁTˆ„XÃ[˝ a+…SÔ
◊[˝ÿôˆÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á, a[[˝Ô %Á`Á _«ä Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Y„Ã[˝ %EıÿˆÇÁd X…Tˆ„XÃ[˝ ]c˜Á‰ÿÉˆÁ„Tˆ
Y«Ã[˝ÁTˆX„Eı \ˆÁaÁX* %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ Y«Ã[˝ÁTˆX„Eı EıTÊı %Á`Á ◊VÃ^Á, X…Tˆ„XÃ[˝ ÂTˆL EıTÊı
Y“TˆÓÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ %EıÿˆÇÁd ◊•mS Â[˝„G ÊÿÉˆÁTˆ ªJÙÁ◊_Tˆ Eı„Ã[˝X* AcÕÃ[˝÷Y
HÁTˆY“◊TˆHÁ„Tˆ, LÃ^-YÃ[˝ÁL„Ã^ X…TˆX `◊N˛ [˝_Á◊XüTˆ, ◊[˝£à˘ C Y◊Ã[˝]Á◊#¤Tˆ c˜Ã^,
Y«Ã[˝ÁTˆ„XÃ[˝ ÂTˆL [˝ÁÃ[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ ◊[˝Zı_ `◊N˛l˘„Ã^ ◊[˝_›X c˜Ã^* %Á]Ã[˝Á ◊[˝[˝–Tˆ XÁ c˜cÕÃ^Á
◊X\ˆfiEı c˜÷V„Ã^ `◊N˛Ã[˝ y‘›QÕˆÁÃ^ Â^ÁG ◊V[˝ÁÃ[˝ a«„^ÁG %„Yl˘Á Eı◊Ã[˝, `◊N˛aá˚Ã^
Eı◊Ã[˝, ^Ác˜Á _ç˘ TˆÁc˜Á Ã[˝l˘Á Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ V ªRÕÙ ÊªJÙrÙÁ Eı◊Ã[˝* AcÕ a]Ã^ %G–aÃ[˝ c˜cÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝
%Á]Á„VÃ[˝ [˝Tˆ¤]ÁX Ã[˝ÁLX›◊TÊı %[˝ÿöˆÁ 105
◊VX X„c˜, %Á±¡Ã[˝l˘ÁÃ[˝ ◊VX* Â^X =ÅÁ] %ÁªJÙÃ[˝„S ◊[˝Yl˘„Eı a«„^ÁG VÁX XÁ Eı◊Ã[˝
◊Eı∂ëˆÁ \ˆ›Ã[˝”TˆÁ-Y“EıÁ„` ◊XG–c˜-X›◊Tˆ„Eı aZı_ XÁ Eı◊Ã[˝* ÿëˆÁ◊W˝EıÁ„Ã[˝ VÒÁQÕˆÁcÕÃ^Á _ç˘
\…ˆ◊] Ã[˝l˘Á Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ `◊N˛VÁ◊Ã^X›-W˝ÓÁ„X [˝„≥V]ÁTˆÃ[˝]À ]„‹óˆÁ¨JÙÁÃ[˝„S ÂV[˝TˆÁ„Eı
`Ã[˝›„Ã[˝ %Á◊XÃ^Á Ã[˝Á◊F* a◊á˚Tˆ `◊N˛ [˝Ó„Ã^Ã[˝ ◊VX %Á◊a„[˝*
LÁTˆ›Ã^ =xÁX
%Á]Á„VÃ[˝ Y“◊TˆYl˘›Ã^ cÕeÃ[˝ÁLGS [˝wÔ¯]ÁX ]c˜d C a[[˝Ô[˝ÓÁY› %Á„≥VÁ_X„Eı
%ÁÃ[˝êˆÁ[˝◊W˝ ◊[˝„•bLÁTˆ [˝◊_Ã^Á %◊\ˆ◊c˜Tˆ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á %Á◊a„Tˆ‰ªK˜X A[˝e TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝
%X«EıÃ[˝S◊Y“Ã^ Eı„ÃÊıLX \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ[˝Áa›C AcÕ ]„TˆÃ[˝ Y«XÃ[˝Á[˝ ◊w¯ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ y”◊ªRÙO Eı„Ã[˝X
XÁ* %Á]Ã[˝Á W˝∂ˆÇÔY“ªJÙÁ„Ã[˝ Y“[˝ w¯, LÁTˆ›Ã^ =xÁXÿëˆÃ[˝÷Y %Á„≥VÁ_X W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ AEıªRÙO›
Y“W˝ÁX %Ü [˝◊_Ã^Á TˆÁc˜Á„Tˆ `◊N˛[˝ÓÃ^ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ◊ªK˜* AcÕ %Á„≥VÁ_X ^◊V ◊[˝„•bLÁTˆ
c˜Ã^, TˆÁc˜Á c˜cÕ„_ %Á]Ã[˝Á cÕc˜Á W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ %Ü [˝◊_Ã^Á EıFXC Y“ªJÙÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ aÁcã›
c˜cÕTˆÁ] XÁ* ◊[˝„Ã[˝ÁW˝, ^«à˘, c˜TˆÓÁ Y^ÔÓ‹ôˆ W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ %Ü c˜cÕ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝; ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ◊[˝„•b
C H SÁ W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ [˝◊c˜\…ˆ¤Tˆ; ◊[˝„•b C H SÁ LG„TˆÃ[˝ y‘„]Á~◊TˆÃ[˝ ◊[˝EıÁ„` [˝#¤X›Ã^
c˜Ã^, %TÂ[˝ ^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á ÿëˆÃê AcÕ [˝ ◊w¯m◊_ ÂYÁbS Eı„Ã[˝X ◊Eıe[˝Á LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó
LÁG–Tˆ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÊªJÙrÙÁ Eı„Ã[˝X, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á %p˚Á„XÃ[˝ Â]Á„c˜ Y◊TˆTˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á YÁY„Eı
%Á`“Ã^ ÂVX* AcÕ %Á„≥VÁ_„XÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó EıFXC Â^ ◊[˝„•b Y“◊[˝rÙ c˜Ã^ XÁcÕ, TˆÁc˜Á
%Á]Ã[˝Á [˝◊_„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝ XÁ* ^FX AEı Yl˘ ◊[˝„•b C H SÁ Eı„Ã[˝, TˆFX %YÃ[˝
Y„l˘C TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Y“◊TˆHÁTˆÿëˆÃ[˝÷Y ◊[˝„•b C H SÁ Y“a…Tˆ c˜CÃ^Á %◊X[˝Á^ÔÓ* AcÕÃ[˝÷Y
YÁYa ◊rÙÃ[˝ LXÓ [˝Ü„V„`Ã[˝ Eı„ÃÊıªRÙO› cÕeÃ[˝ÁL ae[˝ÁVYy C =à˘Tˆÿëˆ\ˆÁ[˝ %TˆÓÁªJÙÁÃ[˝›
[˝Ó◊N˛◊[˝„`„bÃ[˝ %ÁªJÙÃ[˝S VÁÃ^›* ae[˝ÁVY‰y Y“◊Tˆ◊VX =„Yl˘Á, H SÁ C ◊[˝„•ba…ªJÙEı
◊TˆÃ[˝ïıÁÃ[˝ A[˝e ÂÃ[˝„_, Ã[˝ÁÿôˆÁÃ^, c˜Á‰ªRÙO, HÁ‰ªRÙO GÁ_ÁGÁ◊_, %Y]ÁX C Y“c˜ÁÃ[˝ Y^ÔÓ‹ôˆ
%„XEı◊VX ac˜Ó Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á Â`„b AcÕ =YV–[˝-a◊c˜b«’ C W˝›Ã[˝Y“E ı◊Tˆ \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ[˝Áa›Ã[˝C
%ac˜Ó c˜Ã^ A[˝e GÁ◊_Ã[˝ [˝V„_ GÁ◊_ C Y“c˜Á„Ã[˝Ã[˝ [˝V„_ Y“c˜Á„Ã[˝Ã[˝ Y“◊TˆVÁX %ÁÃ[˝êˆ
c˜Ã^* %„XEı cÕeÃ[˝ÁLC TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ ÂV`\ˆÁcÕ„VÃ[˝ AcÕ ÂVÁb C %£\â ◊rÙÃ[˝ VÁ◊Ã^±ºˆ
ÿëˆ›EıÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X* =YÃ[˝‹ô«ˆ Ã[˝ÁLY«Ã[˝”bGS VÁÃ[˝”S }][˝`Tˆf %„XEı ◊VX c˜cÕ„Tˆ
Y“LÁÃ[˝ ÿëˆÁUÔ◊[˝„[Ã ˝ÁW˝›, %a„‹ôˆÁbLXEı C ]∂ˆÇ„Ô [˝VXÁVÁÃÊı EıÁ^ÔÓ Eı◊[Ã ˝^Ã Á %Á◊a„Tˆ‰Kª ˜X*
]ÁX«„bÃ[˝ ÿëˆ\ˆÁ[˝ Ây‘ÁW˝Y“[˝S, ÿëˆÁ„UÔ %ÁHÁTˆ YQÕˆÁÃ^, %◊Y“Ã^ %ÁªJÙÃ[˝„S ◊Eı∂ëˆÁ Y“Á„SÃ[˝
◊Y“Ã^ [˝ÿô«ˆ [˝Á \ˆÁ„[˝Ã[˝ =YÃ[˝ ÂVÏÃ[˝Á±¡Ó EıÃ[˝ÁÃ^ ÂacÕ a[[˝ÔY“ÁS›◊X◊c˜Tˆ Ây‘ÁW˝[˝◊c˜‘ Lù◊_Ã^Á
=‰Pˆ, Ây‘Á„W˝Ã[˝ %Á◊Tˆ`„^Ó C %µ˘G◊Tˆ„Tˆ ◊[˝„•b C ◊[˝„•bLÁTˆ %ÁªJÙÃ[˝SC =dY~
c˜Ã^* \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ[˝Áa›Ã[˝ Y“Á„S [˝ßEıÁ_ c˜cÕ„Tˆ cÕeÃ[˝ÁL [˝Ó◊N˛◊[˝„`„bÃ[˝ %XÓÁÃ^ %ÁªJÙÃ[˝„S
C =à˘Tˆ EıUÁÃ^ A[˝e [˝wÔ¯]ÁX `ÁaXTˆ„‹óˆ Y“LÁÃ[˝ ÂEıÁXC Y“E ıTˆ %◊W˝EıÁÃ[˝ [˝Á
l˘]TˆÁ XÁ UÁEıÁÃ^ ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ %a„‹ôˆÁb %_◊l˘Tˆ\ˆÁ„[˝ [˝ ◊à˘ YÁcÕ„Tˆ◊ªK˜_*
Â`„b _QÔˆ EıÁ#¤„XÃ[˝ `ÁaXa]„Ã^ AcÕ %a„‹ôˆÁb Tˆ›[˝– %ÁEıÁÃ[˝ W˝ÁÃ[˝S Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á
LÁTˆ›Ã^ =xÁX 107
[˝Ü\ˆÜLÁTˆ %ac˜Ó ]∂ˆÇÔ„[˝VXÁÃ^ %aÁW˝ÁÃ[˝S Ây‘ÁW˝ ÂV`]Ã^ Lù◊_Ã^Á =◊PˆÃ^Á

Ã[˝ÁLY«Ã[˝”b◊V„GÃ[˝ ◊XG–c˜-X›◊TˆÃ[˝ Zı„_ ◊[˝„•„b Y◊Ã[˝STˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜_* cÕc˜ÁC ÿëˆ›EıÁÃ[˝
Eı◊Ã[˝ Â^, %„X„Eı Ây‘Á„W˝ %W˝›Ã[˝ c˜cÕÃ^Á ÂacÕ ◊[˝„•bÁ◊G¬„Tˆ Y“ªJ«ÙÃ[˝ Y◊Ã[˝]Á„S H TˆÁß◊Tˆ
◊VÃ^Á‰ªK˜X* \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ _›_Á %◊Tˆ ◊[˝◊ªJÙy, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ a ◊rÙÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó £\ˆ C %£„\ˆÃ[˝
•„≥• LG„TˆÃ[˝ y‘„]Á~◊Tˆ Y◊Ã[˝ªJÙÁ◊_Tˆ %UªJÙ %£\ˆ Y“ÁÃ^cÕ £„\ˆÃ[˝ ac˜ÁÃ^TˆÁ Eı„Ã[˝,
\ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ %\ˆ›◊¥aTˆ ]Ü_]Ã^ Zı_ =dYÁVX Eı„Ã[˝* AcÕ YÃ[˝] %£„\ˆÃ[˝ Â^
◊[˝„•b a ◊rÙ, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝C AcÕ £\ˆ Zı_ c˜cÕ_ Â^, Tˆ]f-%◊\ˆ\…ˆTˆ \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ[˝Áa›Ã[˝ ]„W˝Ó
Ã[˝ÁL◊aEı `◊N˛ LÁGÃ[˝„SÃ[˝ =Y„^ÁG› =dE ırÙ Ã[˝ÁL◊aEı ÊY“Ã[˝SÁ =dY~ c˜cÕ_*
TˆÁc˜Á [˝◊_Ã^Á %Á]Ã[˝Á %£„\ˆÃ[˝ [˝Á %£\ÊıÁÃ[˝›Ã[˝ Y“èaÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝ XÁ* ◊^◊X
Ã[˝ÁL◊aEı %c˜·¯Á„Ã[˝Ã[˝ [˝„` %£\ˆ EıÁ^ÔÓ Eı„Ã[˝X, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ EıÁ^ÔÓ •ÁÃ[˝Á <`üÃ[˝◊X◊Å¤rÙ
£\ˆZı„_Ã[˝ ac˜ÁÃ^TˆÁ c˜Ã^ [˝◊_Ã^Á TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ VÁ◊Ã^±ºˆ C Zı_„\ˆÁGÃ[˝÷Y [˝µ˘X ◊EıªK«˜]Áy
H«‰ªJÙ XÁ* ^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á LÁ◊TˆGTˆ ◊[˝„•b Y“ªJÙÁÃ[˝ Eı„Ã[˝X, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á }Á‹ôˆ; ◊[˝„•bY“ªJÙÁ„Ã[˝ Â^
Zı_ c˜Ã^, ◊XfÿëˆÁUÔ W˝∂ˆÇÔY“ªJÙÁ„Ã[˝ TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ V`mS Zı_ c˜Ã^ A[˝e TˆÁc˜Á„Tˆ %W˝∂ˆÇÔ C
%W˝∂ˆÇÔLÁTˆ YÁYZı_ Â\ˆÁG XÁ c˜cÕÃ^Á W˝∂ˆÇÔ [˝ ◊à˘ C %◊]`“ Y«„SÓÃ[˝ a ◊rÙ c˜Ã^*
%Á]Ã[˝Á LÁ◊TˆGTˆ ◊[˝„•b C H SÁLXEı EıUÁ ◊_◊F[˝ XÁ, %YÃ[˝„EıC ÂacÕÃ[˝÷Y
%XUÔ-a ◊rÙ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ ◊X„bW˝ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝* LÁ◊Tˆ„Tˆ LÁ◊Tˆ„Tˆ ÿëˆÁUÔ◊[˝„Ã[˝ÁW˝ =dY~ c˜cÕ„_,
[˝Á [˝wÔ¯]ÁX %[˝ÿöˆÁÃ[˝ %Y◊Ã[˝c˜Á^ÔÓ %ÜÿëˆÃ[˝÷Y c˜cÕ„_, %Á]Ã[˝Á YÃ[˝LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ ÿëˆÁUÔXÁ„`
C ÿëˆLÁ◊Tˆ-ÿëˆÁUÔaÁW˝„X %ÁcÕ„X C W˝∂ˆÇÔX›◊Tˆ„Tˆ %◊W˝EıÁÃ[˝›* %TˆÓÁªJÙÁÃ[˝ [˝Á %XÓÁÃ^
EıÁ^ÔÓ H◊ªRÙO„_ %Á]Ã[˝Á TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Tˆ›[˝– =‰{„F A[˝e LÁTˆ›Ã^ `◊N˛Ã[˝ aeHÁTˆ C a[[˝Ô◊[˝W˝
È[˝W˝ =YÁÃ^ C È[˝W˝ Y“◊Tˆ„Ã[˝ÁW˝ •ÁÃ[˝Á TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ %Y„XÁV„X %ÁcÕ„X C W˝∂ˆÇÔX›◊Tˆ„Tˆ
%◊W˝EıÁÃ[˝›* ÂEıÁXC [˝Ó◊N˛◊[˝„`b, ◊Tˆ◊X Ã[˝ÁLY«Ã[˝”bcÕ c˜=X [˝Á ÂV`[˝Áa›cÕ c˜=X,
%]Ü_LXEı %XÓÁÃ^ C %„^Ï◊N˛Eı EıÁ^ÔÓ [˝Á ]Tˆ Y“EıÁ` Eı◊Ã[˝„_ %Á]Ã[˝Á
\ˆV–a]Á„LÁ◊ªJÙTˆ %ÁªJÙÁ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ %◊[˝„Ã[˝ÁW˝› ◊[˝V–÷Y C ◊TˆÃ[˝ïıÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ÂacÕ EıÁ^ÔÓ [˝Á
ÂacÕ ]„TˆÃ[˝ Y“◊Tˆ[˝ÁV C Fâ¯„X %◊W˝EıÁÃ[˝›* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ÂEıÁXC LÁ◊Tˆ [˝Á [˝Ó◊N˛Ã[˝ =YÃ[˝
◊[˝„•b [˝Á H SÁ ÂYÁbS [˝Á a L„X %Á]Ã[˝Á %◊W˝EıÁÃ[˝› X◊c˜* %Tˆ›„Tˆ ^◊V AcÕÃ[˝÷Y
ÂVÁb H◊ªRÙOÃ^Á UÁ„Eı, Âa %Tˆ›„TˆÃ[˝ EıUÁ; \ˆ◊[˝bÓ„Tˆ ^Ác˜Á„Tˆ AcÕ ÂVÁb XÁ H‰ªRÙO
%Á]Ã[˝Á aEı_„Eı A[˝e ◊[˝„`bTˆf LÁTˆ›^Ã Y„l˘[Ã ˝ ae[˝ÁVYy C EıÁ^ÔÓl˘] ^«[˝Eı[˝≥ V„Eı
AcÕ =Y„V` ◊V„Tˆ◊ªK˜*
%Á^ÔÓp˚ÁX, %Á^ÔÓ◊`l˘Á, %Á^ÔÓ-%ÁV`Ô LQÕˆp˚ÁX[˝ÁV› Ã[˝ÁL◊aEı Â\ˆÁGYÃ[˝ÁÃ^S
YÁ∏JÙÁTˆÓ LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ p˚ÁX, ◊`l˘Á C %ÁV`Ô c˜cÕ„Tˆ ÿëˆTˆ‹óˆ* Ã^«„Ã[˝ÁY›Ã^„VÃ[˝ ]„Tˆ ÿëˆÁUÔ
C a«FÁ„Xüb„SÃ[˝ %\ˆÁ„[˝ Eı∂ˆÇÔ %XÁªJÙÃ[˝S›Ã^, ◊[˝„•„bÃ[˝ %\ˆÁ„[˝ ◊[˝„Ã[˝ÁW˝ C ^«à˘

%aêˆ[˝* c˜Ã^ aEıÁ] Eı∂ˆÇÔ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ c˜Ã^, X‰ªJÙd EıÁ]XÁc˜›X a~ÓÁa› c˜cÕÃ^Á [˝◊a„Tˆ
c˜Ã^, cÕc˜ÁcÕ TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ W˝ÁÃ[˝SÁ* L›◊[˝EıÁUÔ aeH„bÔ LGd G◊PˆTˆ, LG„TˆÃ[˝ y‘„]Á~◊Tˆ
aÁ◊W˝Tˆ, cÕc˜ÁcÕ TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ ◊[˝p˚Á„XÃ[˝ ]…_]‹óˆ* %Á^ÔÓGS Â^◊VX =w¯Ã[˝E«ıÃ[˝” c˜cÕ„Tˆ
V◊l˘„S ^ÁyÁ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á Yá˚XV\…ˆ◊] %◊W˝EıÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜„_X, ÂacÕ◊VX c˜cÕ„Tˆ AcÕ
aXÁTˆX ◊`l˘Á _Á\ˆ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á LG„Tˆ aXÁTˆX Y“◊TˆúˆÁ _Á\ˆC Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X Â^, AcÕ
◊[˝`ü %ÁX≥VW˝Á], ÊY“], aTˆÓ C `◊N˛ ◊[˝EıÁ„`Ã[˝ LXÓ a[[˝Ô[˝ÓÁY› XÁÃ[˝ÁÃ^S ÿöˆÁ[˝Ã[˝
LÜ„], ]X«bÓ Y£ Eı›ªRÙOYTˆ„Ü, aÁW˝« YÁY›„Tˆ, `y” ◊]‰y, ÂV[˝ %a«„Ã[˝ Y“EıÁ`
c˜cÕÃ^Á LGd-]Ã^ y‘›QÕˆÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜X* y‘›QÕˆÁÃ[˝ LXÓ a«F, y‘›QÕˆÁÃ[˝ LXÓ V«fF,
y‘›QÕˆÁÃ[˝ LXÓ YÁY, y‘›QÕˆÁÃ[˝ LXÓ Y«SÓ, y‘›QÕˆÁÃ[˝ LXÓ [˝µ«˘±ºˆ, y‘›QÕˆÁÃ[˝ LXÓ `y”TˆÁ,
y‘›QÕˆÁÃ[˝ LXÓ ÂV[˝±ºˆ, y‘›QÕˆÁÃ[˝ LXÓ %a«Ã[˝±ºˆ* ◊]y `y” aEı_cÕ y‘›QÕˆÁÃ[˝ ac˜ªJÙÃ[˝,
V«cÕ Y„l˘ ◊[˝\ˆN˛ c˜cÕÃ^Á ÿëˆYl˘ C ◊[˝Yl˘ a ◊rÙ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜* %Á^ÔÓ ◊]y„Eı Ã[˝l˘Á
Eı„Ã[˝X, `y”„Eı V]X Eı„Ã[˝X, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ %Áa◊N˛ XÁcÕ* ◊Tˆ◊X a[[˝Ôy, a[[˝Ô
\…ˆ„Tˆ, a[[˝Ô [˝ÿô«ˆ„Tˆ, a[[˝Ô Eı„∂ˆÇÔ, a[[˝Ô Zı„_ XÁÃ[˝ÁÃ^S„Eı V`ÔX Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á cÕrÙÁ◊X‰rÙ,
`y”◊]‰y, a«FV«f„F, YÁYY«„SÓ, ◊a◊à˘-%◊a◊à˘„Tˆ a]\ˆÁ[˝ÁY~* cÕc˜ÁÃ[˝ AcÕ %UÔ
X„c˜ Â^ a[[˝Ô Y◊Ã[˝SÁ] TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ cÕrÙ, a[[˝Ô LX TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ◊]y, a[[˝Ô HªRÙOXÁ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝
a«FVÁÃÊı, a[[˝Ô Eı∂ˆÇÔ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ %ÁªJÙÃ[˝S›Ã^, a[[˝Ô Zı_ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ [˝Ás˙X›Ã^* a+…SÔ
Â^ÁGY“Á◊ä XÁ c˜cÕ„_ •≥• H«‰ªJÙ XÁ, ÂacÕ %[˝ÿöˆÁ %îLXY“ÁYÓ, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ %Á^ÔÓ◊`l˘Á
aÁW˝ÁÃ[˝S %Á„^ÔÓÃ[˝ a+◊w¯* %Á^ÔÓ cÕrÙaÁW˝„X C %◊XrÙ[˝#¤„X a‰ªJÙrÙ c˜„Ã^X ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ
cÕrÙ_Á„\ˆ LÃ^]„V ]w¯ c˜X XÁ, %◊XrÙa+ÁV„X \ˆ›Tˆ c˜X XÁ* ◊]‰yÃ[˝ aÁc˜Á^Ó,
`y”Ã[˝ YÃ[˝ÁLÃ^ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ÊªJÙrÙÁÃ[˝ =„Å`Ó c˜Ã^, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ◊Tˆ◊X `y”„Eı ◊[˝„•b C ◊]y„Eı
%XÓÁÃ^ Yl˘YÁTˆ Eı„Ã[˝X XÁ, EıwÔ¯„[˝ÓÃ[˝ %X«„Ã[˝Á„W˝ ÿëˆLX-aec˜ÁÃ[˝C Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝X,
◊[˝Y„l˘Ã[˝ Y“ÁSÃ[˝l˘ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ Y“ÁSTˆÓÁG Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝X* a«F TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ◊Y“Ã^, V«fF
TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ %◊Y“Ã^ c˜Ã^, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ◊Tˆ◊X a«„F %W˝›Ã[˝ c˜X XÁ, V«f„FC TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ÈW˝^ÔÓ C
Y“›Tˆ\ˆÁ[˝ %◊[˝ªJÙ◊_Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á UÁ„Eı* ◊Tˆ◊X YÁY[˝#¤X C Y«SÓaá˚Ã^ Eı„Ã[˝X, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ
Y«SÓEı„∂ˆÇÔ G◊[[˝ÔTˆ c˜„Ã^X XÁ, YÁ„Y Y◊TˆTˆ c˜cÕ„_ V«[[˝Ô_ [˝Á_„EıÃ[˝ XÓÁÃ^ y‘≥VX
Eı„Ã[˝X XÁ, c˜Á◊a„Tˆ c˜Á◊a„Tˆ Y·¯ c˜cÕ„Tˆ =◊PˆÃ^Á EıÅ¤]ÁN˛ `Ã[˝›Ã[˝„Eı ]«◊ªK˜Ã^Á Y◊Ã[˝õıÁÃ[˝
C £à˘ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á Y«XÃ[˝ÁÃ^ %Á„±¡Á~◊Tˆ„Tˆ a‰ªJÙrÙ c˜„Ã^X* %Á^ÔÓ Eı∂ˆÇÔ◊a◊à˘Ã[˝ LXÓ
◊[˝Y«_ Y“Ã^Áa Eı„Ã[˝X, ac˜ÿÉˆ YÃ[˝ÁL„Ã^C ◊[˝Ã[˝Tˆ c˜X XÁ, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ %◊a◊à˘„Tˆ V«f◊FTˆ,
◊[˝]bÔ [˝Á ◊[˝Ã[˝N˛ c˜CÃ^Á TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Y„l˘ %W˝∂ˆÇÔ* %[˝`Ó ^FX ÂEıc˜ Â^ÁGÁÃ[˝÷ªRÕÙ c˜cÕÃ^Á
LÁTˆ›Ã^ =xÁX 109
mSÁTˆ›Tˆ\ˆÁ„[˝ Eı∂ˆÇÔ Eı◊[Ã ˝„Tˆ a]UÔ c˜„^Ã X, TgˆÁc˜Á[Ã ˝ Y„l˘ •≥• Â`b c˜c˜^ÃO Á‰ªK˜, LGXΩÁTˆÁ
Â^ EıÁ^ÔÓ ÂVX, ◊Tˆ◊X ◊[˝XÁ◊[˝ªJÙÁ„Ã[˝ TˆÁc˜ÁcÕ Eı„Ã[˝X, Â^ Zı_ ÂVX, aÁX„≥V TˆÁc˜Á Â\ˆÁG
Eı„Ã[˝X, ÿëˆYl˘ [˝◊_Ã^Á ^gÁc˜Á„Eı ◊X◊Å¤rÙ Eı„Ã[˝X, TgˆÁc˜Á„Eı _cÕÃ^Á ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ EıÁ^ÔÓ aÁW˝X
Eı„Ã[˝X, ◊[˝Yl˘ [˝◊_Ã^Á ^gÁc˜Á„Eı ÂVFÁX, TgˆÁc˜Á„Eı %Á„V`]Tˆ V]X [˝Á aec˜Á[Ã ˝ Eı„Ã[˝X*
AcÕ ◊`l˘ÁcÕ %Á^ÔÓ◊`l˘Á* AcÕ ◊`l˘ÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó ◊[˝„•b [˝Á H SÁÃ[˝ ÿöˆÁX XÁcÕ* XÁÃ[˝ÁÃ^S
a[[˝Ôy* EıÁc˜Á„Eı ◊[˝„•b Eı◊Ã[˝[˝, EıÁc˜Á„Eı H SÁ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝? %Á]Ã[˝Á ^◊V YÁ∏JÙÁTˆÓ \ˆÁ„[˝
Ã[˝ÁLX›◊TÊı %Á„≥VÁ_X Eı◊Ã[˝, TˆÁc˜Á c˜cÕ„_ ◊[˝„•b C H SÁ %◊X[˝Á^ÔÓ c˜Ã^ A[˝e
YÁ∏JÙÁTˆÓ ]„Tˆ ◊X≥VX›Ã^ X„c˜, ÂEıXXÁ ÿëˆÁ„UÔÃ[˝ ◊[˝„Ã[˝ÁW˝ %Á‰ªK˜, AEıY„l˘ =xÁX,
%XÓY„l˘ V]X ªJÙ◊_„Tˆ‰ªK˜* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ =xÁX ÂEı[˝_ %Á^ÔÓLÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ =xÁX
X„c˜ --- %Á^ÔÓªJÙ◊Ã[˝y, %Á^ÔÓ◊`l˘Á, %Á^ÔÓW˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ =xÁX* %Á„≥VÁ_„XÃ[˝ Y“U] %[˝ÿöˆÁÃ^
YÁ∏JÙÁTˆÓ Ã[˝ÁLX›◊TˆÃ[˝ Y“\ˆÁ[˝ [˝QÕˆ Y“[˝_ ◊ªK˜_, TÛÁ◊Y Y“U] %[˝ÿöˆÁÃ^C AcÕ aTˆÓ
=Y_ç˘ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜; ]ÁT ˆY…LÁ, ]ÁT ˆ‰Y“], %Á^ÔÓ %◊\ˆ]Á„XÃ[˝ Tˆ›[˝– %X«\ˆ„[˝ W˝∂ˆÇÔ-
Y“W˝ÁX ◊•Tˆ›^Ã %[˝ÿˆö Á Y“ÿˆ«ô Tˆ c˜c˜^ÃO Á‰ªK˜* [Ã ˝ÁLX›◊Tˆ W˝„∂ˆÇ[ÃÔ ˝ %Ü, ◊Eı‹ˆ«ô TˆÁc˜Á %Á^ÔÓ\ˆÁ„[˝,
%Á^ÔÓW˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ %X«„]Á◊VTˆ =YÁ„Ã^ %ÁªJÙÃ[˝S Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ c˜Ã^* %Á]Ã[˝Á \ˆ◊[˝bÓd %Á`ÁÿëˆÃ[˝÷Y
^«[˝Eı◊VG„Eı [˝◊_, ^◊V ÂTˆÁ]Á„VÃ[˝ Y“Á„S ◊[˝„•b UÁ„Eı, TˆÁc˜Á %◊ªJÙ„Ã[˝ =XΩ…◊_Tˆ
EıÃ[˝* ◊[˝„•„bÃ[˝ Tˆ›[˝– =„w¯LXÁÃ^ l˘◊SEı Ã[˝LfY…SÔ [˝_ ac˜„L LÁG–Tˆ c˜Ã^ C `›H–
\ˆÁ◊ÜÃ^Á V«[[˝Ô_TˆÁÃ^ Y◊Ã[˝STˆ c˜Ã^* ^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á ÂV„`Áà˘ÁÃ[˝ÁUÔ Y“◊Tˆp˚Á[˝à˘ C =daGfiE ıTˆ-
Y“ÁS TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó Y“[˝_ }ÁT ˆ\ˆÁ[˝, Eı‰PˆÁÃ[˝ =VÓ], Â_Ïcã] V ªRÕÙTˆÁ C Lù_‹ôˆ
%◊G¬T«ˆ_Ó ÂTˆL aá˚ÁÃ[˝ EıÃ[˝, ÂacÕ `◊N˛„Tˆ %Á]Ã[˝Á %ªªR«ÙORÙO[˝_Á◊XüTˆ C ◊ªJÙÃ[˝LÃ^›
c˜cÕ[˝*
%Tˆ›„TˆÃ[˝ a]aÓÁ
◊`◊l˘Tˆ a+“VÁ„Ã^[Ã ˝ ]„W˝Ó Y“Á^Ã `Tˆ[˝bÔ EıÁ_ YÁ∏JÙÁTˆÓ \ˆÁ„[˝[Ã ˝ a+…SÔ %Á◊W˝Y„TˆÓ
\ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ[˝Áa› %Á^ÔÓp˚Á„X C %Á^ÔÓ\ˆÁ„[˝ [˝◊á˚Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á `◊N˛c˜›X, YÃ[˝Á`“Ã^Y“[˝S C
%X«EıÃ[˝S◊Y“Ã^ c˜cÕÃ^Á Ã[˝◊c˜Ã^Á◊ªK˜_* AcÕ TˆÁ]◊aEı \ˆÁ[˝ AFX %Y„XÁ◊VTˆ c˜cÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜*
ÂEıX cÕc˜ÁÃ[˝ =‡ˆ[˝ c˜cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜_, TˆÁc˜Á AEı[˝ÁÃ[˝ ]›]ÁeaÁ EıÃ[˝Á %Á[˝`ÓEı* %rÙÁV`
`TˆÁå›„Tˆ TˆÁ]◊aEı %p˚ÁX C ÂHÁÃ[˝ [Ã ˝ÁL◊aEı Y“[˝◊ w¯ \ˆÁ[Ã ˝Tˆ[˝Áa›„Eı G–Áa Eı◊[Ã ˝^Ã Á◊ªK˜_,
ÂV„` ac˜ÿÉˆ ÿëˆÁUÔYÃ[˝, EıwÔ¯[˝ÓYÃ[˝Á´¡«F, ÂV`‰V–Ác˜›, `◊N˛]ÁX %a«Ã[˝Y“E ı◊Tˆ Â_ÁEı
LXΩG–c˜S Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á YÃ[˝ÁW˝›XTˆÁÃ[˝ %X«E…ı_ %[˝ÿöˆÁ Y“ÿô«ˆTˆ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜_* ÂacÕ a]„Ã^
\ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ G…ªRÕÙ %◊\â◊µ˘ a+ÁVXÁUÔ \ˆÁÃ[˝„Tˆ V…Ã[˝ •›YÁ‹ôˆÃ[˝[˝Áa› cÕeÃ[˝ÁL [˝◊S„EıÃ[˝
%Á◊[˝\ˆÁ¤ [˝ c˜c˜^ÃO Á◊ªK˜_* YÁY\ˆÁ[Ã ˝ÁwÔ¯ \ˆÁ[Ã ˝Tˆ[˝bÔ %XÁÃ^Á„a ◊[˝„V`›Ã[˝ EıÃ[˝Tˆ_GTˆ c˜c˜_O *
AcÕ %‡«ˆTˆ EıÁâ¯ \ˆÁ◊[˝Ã^Á AFXC LGd %Á∏JÙ^ÔÓÁ◊XüTˆ* cÕc˜ÁÃ[˝ ÂEıÁXC a„‹ôˆÁbLXEı
]›]ÁeaÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ XÁ YÁ◊Ã[˝Ã^Á aEı„_cÕ cÕeÃ[˝ÁL LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ m„SÃ[˝ %„`b Y“èaÁ
Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜* cÕeÃ[˝ÁL LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ %„XEı mS %Á‰ªK˜; XÁ UÁ◊Eı„_ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á Y ◊U[˝›Ã[˝
Ê`“úˆ ◊V◊GüLÃ^› LÁ◊Tˆ c˜cÕ„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝„TˆX XÁ* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á [˝„_X \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ[˝Áa›Ã[˝
◊XE ırÙTˆÁ, cÕeÃ[˝Á„LÃ[˝ Ê`“úˆTˆÁ, \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ[˝Áa›Ã[˝ YÁY, cÕeÃ[˝Á„LÃ[˝ Y«SÓ AcÕ %‡«ˆTˆ HªRÙOXÁÃ[˝
AEı]Áy EıÁÃ[˝S TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á a+…SÔ }Á‹ôˆ XÁ c˜cÕÃ^ÁC Â_Á„EıÃ[˝ ]„X Eı„ÃÊıªRÙO› }Á‹ôˆ
W˝ÁÃ[˝SÁ =dYÁVX Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X* %TÂ[˝ AcÕ ◊[˝b„Ã^Ã[˝ a…©ø %X«aµ˘ÁXY…[[˝ÔEı ◊X\«ˆ¤_
]›]ÁeaÁ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÊªJÙrÙÁ EıÃ[˝Á ^Á=Eı* %Tˆ›„TˆÃ[˝ a…©ø aµ˘Á„XÃ[˝ %\ˆÁ„[˝ \ˆ◊[˝bÓ„TˆÃ[˝
G◊Tˆ ◊XSÔÃ^ EıÃ[˝Á V«faÁW˝Ó*
cÕeÃ[˝Á„LÃ[˝ \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ-◊[˝LÃ^ LG„TˆÃ[˝ cÕ◊Tˆc˜Á„a %T«ˆ_X›Ã^ HªRÙOXÁ* AcÕ [˝ c˜d ÂV`
^◊V %a\ˆÓ, V«[[˝Ô_ [˝Á ◊X„[[˝ÔÁW˝ C %l˘] LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ [˝ÁaÿöˆÁX c˜cÕTˆ, TˆÁc˜Á c˜cÕ„_
AcÕÃ[˝÷Y EıUÁ [˝_Á ^ÁcÕªTˆ XÁ* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ[˝bÔ Ã[˝ÁLY«Tˆ, ]ÁÃ[˝ÁPˆÁ, ◊`F, YÁPˆÁX,
Â]ÁG_ Y“\ ˆ◊TˆÃ[˝ [˝Áa\…ˆ◊]; Tˆ›©ø[˝«◊à˘ [˝ÁÜÁ_›, ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ`›_ ]ÁV–ÁL›, Ã[˝ÁLX›◊Tˆp˚
]c˜Á[Ã ˝Ár—Ù›^Ã [˝Á– °˘S \ˆÁ[Ã ˝TˆLXX›Ã[˝ a‹ôˆ ÁX* c˜eO [Ã ˝Á„LÃ[˝ ◊[˝L„Ã^[Ã ˝ a]„Ã^ XÁXÁ ZıQˆÕ X[˝›„aÃ[˝
XÓÁÃ^ ◊[˝ªJÙl˘S Ã[˝ÁLX›◊Tˆ◊[˝VÀ, ]Á„W˝ÁL› ◊a◊µ˘Ã^ÁÃ[˝ XÓÁÃ^ ^«à˘-◊[˝`ÁÃ[˝V ÂaXÁY◊Tˆ,
c˜ÁÃ^VÃ[˝ %Á◊_ C Ã[˝◊tTˆ ◊ae„c˜Ã[˝ XÓÁÃ^ ÂTˆLÿëˆ› C Y“◊Tˆ\ˆÁ`Á_› Ã[˝ÁLÓ-◊X]ÔÁTˆÁ
Y“„V„` Y“„V„` LXΩG–c˜S Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜„_X* %rÙÁV` `TˆÁå›„Tˆ \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ[˝Áa› ÂTˆ„L,
Â`Ï„^ÔÓ, [˝«◊à˘„Tˆ ÂEıÁXC LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ %„Yl˘Á X…ÓX ◊ªK˜„_X XÁ* %rÙÁV` `TˆÁå›Ã[˝
\ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ aÃ[˝ÿëˆTˆ›Ã[˝ ]◊≥VÃ[˝, _©ø›Ã[˝ \ˆÁâ¯ÁÃ[˝, `◊N˛Ã[˝ y‘›QÕˆÁÿöˆÁX ◊ªK˜_* %UªJÙ Â^-„V`
%Tˆ›„TˆÃ[˝ a]aÓÁ 111
Y“[˝_ C [˝à˘¤X`›_ ]«a_]ÁX `Tˆ `Tˆ [˝bÔ[˝ÓÁY› Y“Ã^Á„a %◊TÊı‰rÙ LÃ^ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á
EıFXC ◊X◊[[˝Ô‰H¬ `ÁaX Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝X XÁcÕ, ÂacÕ ÂV` Yá˚Á` [˝da„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ]„W˝Ó
%XÁÃ^Á„a ]«◊rÙ„]Ã^ cÕeÃ[˝ÁL [˝◊S„EıÃ[˝ %Á◊W˝YTˆÓ ÿëˆ›EıÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝_, `Tˆ[˝da„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ]„W˝Ó
TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ AEı¨K˜y aÁ∂ÉˆÁ„LÓÃ[˝ ªK˜ÁÃ^ÁÃ^ ◊X‰∏JÙrÙ\ˆÁ„[˝ ◊X◊V–Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á Y◊QÕˆ_! [˝◊_„[˝
AEıTˆÁ[Ã ˝ %\ˆÁ[˝ AcÕ Y◊Ã[˝SÁ„]Ã[˝ EıÁ[Ã ˝S* ÿëˆ›EıÁ[Ã ˝ Eı◊[Ã ˝_Á], AEıTˆÁ[Ã ˝ %\ˆÁ[˝ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝
V«GÔ◊TˆÃ[˝ AEıª◊ªRÙO Y“W˝ÁX EıÁÃ[˝S [˝‰ªRÙO, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ[˝„bÔ ÂEıÁXC EıÁ„_C AEıTˆÁ ◊ªK˜_
XÁ* ]c˜Á\ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝ a]„Ã^C AEıªTˆÁ ◊ªK˜_ XÁ, ªJÙ≥V–mä C %„`Á„EıÃ[˝ a]„Ã^C ◊ªK˜_
XÁ, ]«a_]Á„XÃ[˝ \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ◊[˝LÃÊıÁ„_C ◊ªK˜_ XÁ, %rÙÁV` `TˆÁå›„TˆC ◊ªK˜_ XÁ*
AEıTˆÁÃ[˝ %\ˆÁ[˝ AcÕ %‡«ˆTˆ HªRÙOXÁÃ[˝ AEı]Áy EıÁÃ[˝S c˜cÕ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ XÁ* ^◊V [˝_,
cÕeÃ[˝ÁL◊V„GÃ[˝ Y«SÓ cÕc˜ÁÃ[˝ EıÁÃ[˝S, ◊Lp˚ÁaÁ Eı◊Ã[˝ ^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á ÂacÕ a]„Ã^Ã[˝ cÕ◊Tˆc˜Áa
%[˝GTˆ %Á‰ªK˜X, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á ◊Eı [˝◊_„Tˆ aÁcã› c˜cÕ„[˝X Â^, ÂacÕEıÁ„_Ã[˝ cÕeÃ[˝ÁL
[˝◊SEı ÂacÕEıÁ„_Ã[˝ \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ[˝Áa›Ã[˝ %„Yl˘Á m„S C Y«„SÓ Ê`“úˆ ◊ªK˜„_X? Â^ zıÁcÕ\ˆ
C CÃ^Á„Ã[˝X Âc˜◊rÙeaÀ Y“]«F cÕeÃ[˝ÁL [˝◊SEı C Va«ÓGS \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ\…ˆ◊] LÃ^ C _«¢ˆX
Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á LG„Tˆ %T«ˆ_X›Ã^ aÁcã, =VÓ] C %Á±¡êˆ◊Ã[˝TˆÁ A[˝e LG„Tˆ %T«ˆ_X›Ã^
V«mÔ„SÃ[˝C V rÙÁ‹ôˆ ÂVFÁcÕÃ^Á ◊GÃ^Á‰ªK˜X, ÂacÕ ◊Xú«ˆÃ[˝, ÿëˆÁUÔYÃ[˝, %UÔ„_Á_«Y, `◊N˛]ÁX
%a«Ã[˝G„SÃ[˝ Y«„SÓÃ[˝ EıUÁ `“[˝S Eı◊Ã[˝„_ c˜ÁaÓ a∂ëˆÃ[˝S EıÃ[˝Á V«õıÃ[˝* aÁcã, =VÓ]
C %Á±¡êˆ◊[Ã ˝TˆÁ %a«„[Ã ˝[Ã ˝ mS, %a«„[Ã ˝[Ã ˝ Y«SÓ, ÂacÕ Y«SÓ zıÁc˜\O ˆ Y“\ˆ ◊Tˆ c˜eO [Ã ˝ÁLG„SÃ[˝
◊ªK˜_* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ TˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ YÁY \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ[˝Áa›Ã[˝ YÁY %„Yl˘Á ◊EıªK«˜]Áy X…ÓX ◊ªK˜_ XÁ*
%TÂ[˝ cÕeÃ[˝Á„LÃ[˝ Y«„SÓ AcÕ %HªRÙOX HªRÙOX c˜Ã^ XÁcÕ*
cÕeÃ[˝ÁLC %a«Ã[˝ ◊ªK˜„_X, \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ[˝Áa›C %a«Ã[˝ ◊ªK˜„_X, TˆFX ÂV„[˝ %a«„Ã[˝ ^«à˘
c˜Ã^ XÁcÕ, %a«„Ã[˝ %a«„Ã[˝ ^«à˘ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜* YÁ∏JÙÁTˆÓ %a«„Ã[˝ A]X ◊Eı ]c˜d mS ◊ªK˜_
^Ác˜ÁÃ[˝ Y“\ˆÁ„[˝ TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ ÂTˆL, Â`Ï^ÔÓ C [˝«◊à˘ aZı_ c˜cÕ_, \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ[˝Áa› %a«„Ã[˝
A]X ◊Eı aÁeHÁ◊TÊı ÂVÁb ◊ªK˜_ ^Ác˜ÁÃ[˝ Y“\ˆÁ„[˝ TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ ÂTˆL, Â`Ï^ÔÓ C [˝«◊à˘
◊[˝Zı_ c˜cÕ_? Y“U] =w¯Ã[˝ AcÕ, \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ[˝Áa› %ÁÃ[˝ aEı_ m„S cÕeÃ[˝Á„LÃ[˝ a]ÁX
c˜cÕÃ^ÁC LÁTˆ›Ã^\ˆÁ[˝Ã[˝◊c˜Tˆ ◊ªK˜„_X, cÕeÃ[˝Á„LÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó ÂacÕ m„SÃ[˝ Y…SÔ ◊[˝EıÁ` ◊ªK˜_*
AcÕ EıUÁÃ^ Â^X ÂEıc˜ XÁ [˝„« MıX Â^, c˜eO [Ã ˝ÁLGS ÿëˆ„V`‰Y“◊]Eı ◊ªK˜„_X; ÿëˆ„V`‰Y“„]Ã[˝
ÊY“Ã[˝SÁÃ^ \ˆÁÃ[˝„Tˆ ◊[˝Y«_ aÁ∂ÉˆÁLÓ GPˆX Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ al˘] c˜cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜„_X* ÿëˆ„V`‰Y“]
C LÁTˆ›Ã^\ˆÁ[˝ ÿëˆTˆ‹óˆ [˝ ◊w¯* ÿëˆ„V`‰Y“◊]Eı ÿëˆ„V„`Ã[˝ Âa[˝Á\ˆÁ„[˝ =XΩw¯, a[[˝Ôy
ÿëˆ„V`„Eı ÂV„FX, aEı_ EıÁ^ÔÓ ÿëˆ„V`„Eı cÕrÙ„V[˝TˆÁ [˝◊_Ã^Á ^p˚Ã[˝÷„Y a]YÔS Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á
ÂV„`Ã[˝ ◊c˜„TˆÃ[˝ LXÓcÕ Eı„Ã[˝X, ÂV„`Ã[˝ ÿëˆÁ„UÔ %ÁYXÁÃ[˝ ÿëˆÁUÔ Q«ˆ[˝ÁcÕÃ^Á ÂVX* %rÙÁV`
`TˆÁå›Ã[˝ cÕeÃ[˝ÁLG„SÃ[˝ ÂacÕ \ˆÁ[˝ ◊ªK˜_ XÁ; ÂacÕ \ˆÁ[˝ ÂEıÁX LQÕˆ[˝ÁV› YÁ∏JÙÁTˆÓ
LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ Y“Á„S ÿöˆÁÃ^›Ã[˝÷„Y˝ UÁ◊Eı„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ XÁ* cÕeÃ[˝ÁLGS ÿëˆ„V„`Ã[˝ ◊c˜TˆÁ„UÔ \ˆÁÃ[˝„Tˆ
%Á„aX XÁcÕ, ÿëˆ„V„`Ã[˝ ◊c˜TˆÁ„UÔ \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ◊[˝LÃ^ Eı„Ã[˝X XÁcÕ, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á [˝Á◊SLÓÁUÔ, ◊XL
◊XL %Á◊UÔEı _Á\ˆÁUÔ %Á◊aÃ^Á◊ªK˜„_X; ÿëˆ„V„`Ã[˝ ◊c˜TˆÁ„UÔ \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ◊[˝LÃ^ C _«¢ˆX
Eı„Ã[˝X XÁcÕ, %„XEıªRÙOÁ ◊XL ÿëˆÁUÔ ◊aà˘Ó„UÔ LÃ^ C _«¢ˆX Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜„_X* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ
ÿëˆ„V`‰Y“◊]Eı XÁ c˜cÕÃ^ÁC TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á LÁTˆ›Ã^\ˆÁ[˝ÁY~ ◊ªK˜„_X* %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ÂV` Ê`“úˆ,
%Á]ÁÃ[˝ LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ %ÁªJÙÁÃ[˝, ◊[˝ªJÙÁÃ[˝, W˝∂ˆÇÔ, ªJÙ◊Ã[˝y, X›◊Tˆ, [˝_, ◊[˝y‘], [˝«◊à˘, ]Tˆ, Eı∂ˆÇÔ
=dE ırÙ, %T«ˆ_Ó A[˝e %XÓ LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ Y„l˘ V«_Ô\ˆ --- AcÕ %◊\ˆ]ÁX; %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ÂV„`Ã[˝
◊c˜„Tˆ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ◊c˜Tˆ, %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ÂV„`Ã[˝ ÂGÏÃ[˝„[˝ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ÂGÏÃ[˝[˝, %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ÂV`-\ˆÁcÕ„Ã^Ã[˝
[˝ ◊à˘„Tˆ %Á◊] [˝◊à˘¤Tˆ --- AcÕ ◊[˝`üÁa; ÂEı[˝_ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ÿëˆÁUÔaÁW˝X XÁ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝
a◊c˜Tˆ ÂV„`Ã[˝ ÿëˆÁUÔ a+ÁVX Eı◊Ã[˝[˝, ÂV„`Ã[˝ ]ÁX, ÂGÏÃ[˝[˝ C [˝ ◊à˘Ã[˝ LXÓ ^«à˘
EıÃ[˝Á Y“„TˆÓEı ÂV`[˝Áa›Ã[˝ EıwÔ¯[˝Ó, %Á[˝`ÓEı c˜cÕ„_ ÂacÕ ^«„à˘ ◊X\ˆ¤„Ã^ Y“ÁS◊[˝a#¤X
EıÃ[˝Á [˝›„Ã[˝Ã[˝ W˝∂ˆÇÔ, AcÕ EıwÔ¯[˝Ó[˝«◊à˘ LÁTˆ›Ã^ \ˆÁ„[˝Ã[˝ Y“W˝ÁX _l˘S* LÁTˆ›Ã^ \ˆÁ[˝
Ã[˝ÁL◊aEı \ˆÁ[˝, ÿëˆ„V`‰Y“] aÁ◊√º¯Eı* ◊^◊X ◊X„LÃ[˝ ""%c˜e'' ÂV„`Ã[˝ ""%c˜e''-A
◊[˝_›X Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝X, ◊Tˆ◊X %ÁV`Ô ÿëˆ„V`‰Y“◊]Eı, ◊^◊X ◊X„LÃ[˝ ""%c˜e'' a+…SÔ
[˝LÁÃ^ Ã[˝Á◊FÃ^Á TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ •ÁÃ[˝Á ÂV„`Ã[˝ ""%c˜e'' [˝◊à˘¤Tˆ Eı„Ã[˝X ◊Tˆ◊X LÁTˆ›Ã^\ˆÁ[˝ÁY~*
ÂacÕ EıÁ„_Ã[˝ \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ[˝Áa›Ã[˝Á LÁTˆ›Ã^\ˆÁ[˝`…XÓ ◊ªK˜„_X* TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á Â^ EıFXC LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝
◊c˜Tˆ ÂV◊F„TˆX XÁ, A]X EıUÁ [˝◊_ XÁ, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ C %ÁYXÁÃ[˝ ◊c˜„TˆÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó
Â_`]Áy ◊[˝„Ã[˝ÁW˝ UÁ◊Eı„_ Y“ÁÃ^cÕ LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ ◊c˜Tˆ ◊[˝a#¤X Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ◊XL ◊c˜Tˆ a+ÁVX
Eı◊[Ã ˝„TˆX* AEıTˆÁ[Ã ˝ %\ˆÁ[˝ %„Yl˘Á AcÕ LÁTˆ›^Ã TˆÁ[Ã ˝ %\ˆÁ[˝ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ]„Tˆ ]ÁÃ[˝Á±¡Eı
ÂVÁb* Y…SÔ LÁTˆ›Ã^ \ˆÁ[˝ ÂV`]Ã^ [˝ÓÁä c˜cÕ„_ AcÕ XÁXÁ Â\ˆVa·«¯_ ÂV„`C AEıTˆÁ
aêˆ[˝; ÂEı[˝_ AEıTˆÁ ªJÙÁcÕ, AEıTˆÁ ªJÙÁcÕ [˝◊_„_ AEıTˆÁ aÁ◊W˝Tˆ c˜Ã^ XÁ; cÕc˜ÁcÕ
c˜eO [Ã ˝Á„LÃ[˝ \ˆÁ[Ã ˝Tˆ◊[˝L„Ã^[Ã ˝ Y“W˝ÁX EıÁ[Ã ˝S* %a«„[Ã ˝ %a«„[Ã ˝ aeHbÔ c˜c˜_O , LÁTˆ›^Ã \ˆÁ[˝ÁY~
AEıTˆÁY“Áä %a«Ã[˝GS LÁTˆ›Ã^\ˆÁ[˝`…XÓ AEıTˆÁ`…XÓ a]ÁXmS◊[˝◊`rÙ %a«Ã[˝GS„Eı
YÃ[˝Á◊LTˆ Eı◊Ã[˝„_X* ◊[˝W˝ÁTˆÁÃ[˝ AcÕ ◊XÃ^], ◊^◊X Vl˘ C `◊N˛]ÁX ◊Tˆ◊XcÕ E«ı◊ÿôˆ„Tˆ
LÃ^› c˜„Ã^X; ◊^◊X ◊l˘Y“G◊Tˆ C a◊c˜b«’ ◊Tˆ◊XcÕ ÂVÏ‰QÕˆ Y“U] G‹ôˆ[˝ÓÿöˆÁ„X ÂYgÏ‰ªK˜X*
a¨JÙ◊Ã[˝y [˝Á Y«SÓ[˝ÁX [˝◊_Ã^Á ÂEıc˜ ÂVÏ‰QÕˆ [˝Á E«ı◊ÿôˆ„Tˆ LÃ^› c˜X XÁcÕ, =Y^«N˛ `◊N˛
%Á[˝`ÓEı* ÂTˆ]XcÕ LÁTˆ›Ã^\ˆÁ„[˝Ã[˝ ◊[˝EıÁ„` V«[[˝ Ôw¯ C %Áa«◊Ã[˝Eı LÁ◊TˆC aÁ∂ÉˆÁLÓ-
ÿöˆÁY„X al˘] c˜Ã^, LÁTˆ›Ã^\ˆÁ„[˝Ã[˝ %\ˆÁ„[˝ a¨JÙ◊Ã[˝y C mSa+~ LÁ◊TˆC YÃ[˝ÁW˝›X
c˜cÕÃ^Á Â`„b ªJÙ◊Ã[˝y C mS c˜ÁÃ[˝ÁcÕÃ^Á %„W˝ÁG◊Tˆ Y“Áä c˜Ã^*
Ã[˝ÁLX›◊TˆÃ[˝ ◊VEı ÂV◊F„_ cÕc˜ÁcÕ \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ-◊[˝L„Ã^Ã[˝ Ê`“úˆ ]›]ÁeaÁ; ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ cÕc˜ÁÃ[˝

]„W˝Ó %ÁÃ[˝C G\ˆ›Ã[˝ aTˆÓ ◊X◊c˜Tˆ %Á‰ªK˜* [˝◊_Ã^Á◊ªK˜, TˆÁ]◊aEı %p˚ÁX C Ã[˝ÁL◊aEı
Y“[˝ ◊w¯ \ˆÁÃ[˝„Tˆ %◊Tˆ Y“[˝_ c˜cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜_* AcÕ %[˝ÿöˆÁ YTˆ„XÃ[˝ %G–GÁ]› %[˝ÿöˆÁ*
Ã[˝„LÁmS„a[˝ÁÃ^ Ã[˝ÁL◊aEı `◊N˛Ã[˝ ◊[˝EıÁ` c˜Ã^; ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ %◊]`“ Ã[˝Lf `›H– Tˆ„]Á]«F›
c˜Ã^, =à˘Tˆ ` Ö_Á◊[˝c˜›X Ã[˝ÁL◊aEı ÊªJÙrÙÁ %◊Tˆ `›H– %[˝a~ C `“Á‹ôˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á %Y“[˝ ◊w¯,
`◊N˛c˜›XTˆÁ, ◊[˝bÁV C ◊X‰∏JÙrÙTˆÁÃ^ Y◊Ã[˝STˆ c˜Ã^* a√º¯]«F› c˜cÕ„_cÕ Ã[˝Lf`◊N˛
ÿöˆÁÃ^› c˜Ã^* aÁ◊√º¯Eı \ˆÁ[˝ ^◊VC XÁ UÁ„Eı, aÁ◊√º¯Eı %ÁV`Ô %Á[˝`ÓEı; ÂacÕ %ÁV`Ô
•ÁÃ[˝Á Ã[˝Lf`◊N˛ ` Ö◊_Tˆ C ÿöˆÁÃ^›-[˝_Y“Áä c˜Ã^* ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁ C a«` Ö_TˆÁ cÕeÃ[˝Á„LÃ[˝
AcÕ V«cÕ ]c˜ÁX aÁ◊√º¯Eı %ÁV`Ô ◊ªJÙÃ[˝EıÁ_ ◊ªK˜_, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ [˝„_ cÕeÃ[˝ÁL LG„Tˆ Y“W˝ÁX
C ◊ªJÙÃ[˝LÃ^›* >X◊[˝e` `TˆÁå›„Tˆ Y„Ã[˝ÁYEıÁÃ[˝◊_¥aÁC LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó LÁG–Tˆ
c˜cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜_, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ [˝„_ cÕe_â¯ LÁTˆ›Ã^ ]c˜„√º¯Ã[˝ ªJÙÃ[˝]Á[˝ÿöˆÁÃ^ =YX›Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜_*
=YÃ[˝‹ô«ˆ Ã^«„Ã[˝Á„Y Â^ p˚ÁXT ˆb’ÁÃ[˝ Y“[˝_ ÊY“Ã[˝SÁÃ^ YÁ∏JÙÁTˆÓ LÁ◊Tˆ `Tˆ `Tˆ È[˝p˚Á◊XEı
%Á◊[˝õıÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X, EıSÁ]Áy p˚ÁX_Á„\ˆÃ[˝ LXÓ `Tˆ `Tˆ Â_ÁEı Y“ÁS Y^ÔÓ‹ôˆ
◊V„Tˆ a∂ˆÇTˆ c˜X, ÂacÕ [˝_›Ãâ› aÁ◊√º¯Eı p˚ÁXT ˆb’Á cÕeÃ[˝ÁL LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó ◊[˝Eı◊`Tˆ
◊ªK˜_* AcÕ aÁ◊√º¯Eı `◊N˛„Tˆ cÕeÃ[˝ÁL [˝_[˝ÁX ◊ªK˜„_X, AcÕ aÁ◊√º¯Eı `◊N˛ l˘›S
c˜cÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜ [˝◊_Ã^Á cÕeÃ[˝Á„LÃ[˝ Y“ÁW˝ÁXÓ, ÂTˆL C ◊[˝y‘] l˘›S c˜cÕÃ^Á \ˆÃ^, ◊[˝bÁV C
%Á±¡`◊N˛Ã[˝ =YÃ[˝ %◊[˝`Áü a [˝◊ à˘ YÁc˜„O Tˆ‰Kª ˜* aÁ◊√º¯Eı _l˘Ó}rÙ [Ã ˝Lf`◊N˛ Tˆ„]Á]«F›
c˜cÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜* %YÃ[˝Y„l˘ \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ[˝Áa›GS ]c˜ÁX aÁ◊√º¯Eı LÁ◊Tˆ ◊ªK˜„_X; ÂacÕ aÁ◊√º¯Eı
[˝„_ p˚Á„X, Â`Ï„^ÔÓ, ÂTˆ„L, [˝„_ TgˆÁc˜Á[Ã ˝Á %T«ˆ_X›Ã^ c˜c˜^ÃO Á◊ªK˜„_X A[˝e AEıTˆÁ◊[˝c˜›X
c˜cÕÃ^ÁC ac˜ÿÉˆ [˝bÔEıÁ_ W˝◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ◊[˝„V`›Ã[˝ %Áy‘]„SÃ[˝ Y“◊Tˆ„Ã[˝ÁW˝ C V]„X a]UÔ
◊ªK˜„_X* Â`„b [Ã ˝„LÁ[˝◊ à˘ C a„√º¯[Ã ˝ ‚—˜Áa c˜c˜„O Tˆ _Á◊G_* ]«a_]Á„XÃ[˝ %ÁG]XEıÁ„_
p˚Á„XÃ[˝ ◊[˝ÿôˆÁÃ[˝ a·«¯◊ªJÙTˆ c˜cÕ„Tˆ %ÁÃ[˝êˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜_, TˆFX Ã[˝LfY“W˝ÁX Ã[˝ÁLY«TˆLÁ◊Tˆ
\ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝ ◊aec˜Áa„X %◊W˝Ã[˝÷ªRÕÙ; =w¯Ã[˝ \ˆÁÃ[˝„Tˆ ^«à˘◊[˝G–c˜ %Á±¡Eı_„c˜Ã[˝ Y“ÁW˝ÁXÓ;
[˝Ü„V„` Â[˝Ïà˘W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ %[˝X◊Tˆ„Tˆ TˆÁ]◊aEı\ˆÁ[˝ Y“[˝_* %W˝ÓÁ±¡p˚ÁX V◊l˘S \ˆÁÃ[˝„Tˆ
%Á`“Ã^ _cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜_; ÂacÕ a√º¯[˝„_ V◊l˘S \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ %„XEı◊VX ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁ Ã[˝l˘Á Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ
al˘] c˜cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜_* p˚ÁXT ˆb’Á A[˝e p˚Á„XÃ[˝ =~◊Tˆ [˝µ˘ c˜cÕ„Tˆ ªJÙ◊__, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ÿöˆÁ„X
YÁ◊â¯„TˆÓÃ[˝ ]ÁX C ÂGÏÃ[˝[˝ [˝◊à˘¤Tˆ c˜cÕ_; %ÁW˝ÓÁ◊≈±¡Eı p˚ÁX, Â^ÁG`◊N˛ ◊[˝EıÁ`
C %Á\ˆÓ‹ôˆ◊Ã[˝Eı =Y_◊ç˘Ã[˝ ÿöˆÁ„X TˆÁ]◊aEı Y…LÁ C aEıÁ] Ã[˝ÁL◊aEı [˝–„TˆÁVÀ^ÁY„XÃ[˝
[˝Áß_Ó c˜cÕ„Tˆ _Á◊G_, [˝SÔÁ`“]W˝∂ˆÇÔ _«ä c˜cÕ„_ Â_Á„Eı [˝Á◊c˜ÓEı %ÁªJÙÁÃ[˝ C ◊y‘Ã^Á
%◊W˝Eı ]…_Ó[˝ÁX \ˆÁ◊[˝„Tˆ %ÁÃ[˝êˆ Eı◊Ã[˝_* AcÕÃ[˝÷Y LÁ◊TˆW˝∂ˆÇÔ Â_Á„YcÕ G–›a, ÂÃ[˝Á],
◊]aÃ[˝, %Á◊a◊Ã[˝Ã^ÁÃ[˝ ] T«ˆÓ c˜cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜_; ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ aXÁTˆX W˝∂ˆÇÔÁ[˝_∂ëˆ› %Á^ÔÓLÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó

ÂacÕ aXÁTˆX =da c˜cÕ„Tˆ ]„W˝Ó ]„W˝Ó at›[˝X› a«W˝ÁW˝ÁÃ[˝Á ◊XGÔTˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝
Y“ÁSÃ[˝l˘Á Eı◊Ã[˝Tˆ* `·¯Ã[˝, Ã[˝Á]ÁX«L, ËªJÙTˆXÓ, XÁXEı, Ã[˝Á]VÁa, T«ÊıÁÃ[˝Á] ÂacÕ
%] Tˆ◊aá˚X Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ]Ã[˝SÁc˜Tˆ \ˆÁÃ[˝„Tˆ Y“ÁSaá˚ÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X* %UªJÙ Ã[˝Lf C
Tˆ]f ÊÿÉˆÁ„TˆÃ[˝ A]X [˝_ ◊ªK˜_ Â^ ÂacÕ ªRÙOÁ„X =w¯]C %W˝„] Y◊Ã[˝STˆ c˜cÕ_;
aÁW˝ÁÃ[˝S Â_Á„Eı `·¯Ã[˝Vw¯ p˚ÁX •ÁÃ[˝Á TˆÁ]◊aEı \ˆÁ„[˝Ã[˝ a]UÔX Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ _Á◊G_,
ËªJÙTˆ„XÓÃ[˝ ÊY“]W˝∂ˆÇÔ ÂHÁÃ[˝ TˆÁ]◊aEı ◊X„∏JÙrÙTˆÁÃ[˝ %Á`“„Ã^ Y◊Ã[˝STˆ c˜cÕ_, Ã[˝Á]VÁ„aÃ[˝
◊`l˘ÁY“Áä ]c˜ÁÃ[˝Ár—Ù›Ã^GS ]c˜ÁÃ[˝Ár—ÙW˝∂ˆÇÔ ◊[˝ÿˆÇ Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á ÿëˆÁUÔaÁW˝„X C %Á±¡Eı_„c˜
`◊N˛Ã[˝ %Y[˝Ó[˝c˜ÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ◊`[˝ÁL› C [˝ÁL›Ã[˝ÁC„Ã^Ã[˝ Y“◊Tˆ◊úˆTˆ aÁ∂ÉˆÁLÓ ◊[˝XrÙ
Eı◊Ã[˝„_X* %rÙÁV` `TˆÁå›„Tˆ AcÕ ÊÿÉˆÁ„TˆÃ[˝ Y…SÔ Â[˝G ÂVFÁ ÂG_* a]ÁL C W˝∂ˆÇÔ
TˆFX Eı„ÃÊıLX %ÁW˝«◊XEı ◊[˝W˝ÁXEıwÔ¯ÁÃ[˝ l«˘V– Gâ¯›„Tˆ %Á[˝à˘, [˝Á◊c˜ÓEı %ÁªJÙÁÃ[˝ C
◊y‘Ã^ÁÃ[˝ %ÁQÕˆ∂ëˆÃ[˝ W˝∂ˆÇÔ XÁ„] %◊\ˆ◊c˜Tˆ, %Á^ÔÓp˚ÁX _«äY“ÁÃ^, %Á^ÔÓªJÙ◊Ã[˝y ◊[˝XrÙY“ÁÃ^,
aXÁTˆX W˝∂ˆÇÔ a]ÁL„Eı Y◊Ã[˝TˆÓÁG Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á a~ÓÁa›Ã[˝ %Ã[˝SÓ[˝Á„a C \ˆ„N˛Ã[˝ c˜÷V„Ã^
_«EıÁcÕÃ^Á Ã[˝◊c˜_* \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ TˆFX ÂHÁÃ[˝ Tˆ]f-%µ˘EıÁ„Ã[˝ %Á¨K˜~, %UªJÙ Y“ªJÙâ¯ Ã[˝ÁL◊aEı
Y“[˝ ◊w¯ [˝Á◊c˜ÓEı W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ %Á[˝Ã[˝„S ÿëˆÁUÔ, YÁY, ÂV„`Ã[˝ %Eı_ÓÁS, Y„Ã[˝Ã[˝ %◊XrÙ
Y…SÔ„[˝„G aÁW˝X Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ◊ªK˜_* ÂV„` `◊N˛Ã[˝ %\ˆÁ[˝ ◊ªK˜_ XÁ, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ %Á^ÔÓW˝∂ˆÇÔ„_Á„Y,
a√º¯„_Á„Y ÂacÕ `◊N˛ %Á±¡Ã[˝l˘ÁÃ^ %a]UÔ c˜cÕÃ^Á %Á±¡◊[˝XÁ` Eı◊Ã[˝_* Â`„b
cÕeÃ[˝Á„LÃ[˝ %Áa«◊Ã[˝Eı `◊N˛Ã[˝ ◊XEıªRÙO YÃ[˝Á◊LTˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á \ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝ %Áa«◊Ã[˝Eı `◊N˛
` Ö◊_Tˆ C ]«]…b«Ô c˜cÕÃ^Á Y◊QÕˆ_* \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ Y…SÔ Tˆ„]Á\ˆÁ„[˝Ã[˝ Ây‘Á‰QÕˆ ◊X◊V–Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á
Y◊QÕˆ_* %Y“EıÁ`, %Y“[˝ ◊w¯, %p˚ÁX, %Eı∂ˆÇÔSÓTˆÁ, %Á±¡◊[˝`üÁ„aÃ[˝ %\ˆÁ[˝,
%Á±¡a∂ˆÇÁX ◊[˝a#¤X, VÁa±ºˆ◊Y“Ã^TˆÁ, YÃ[˝W˝∂ˆÇÔ„a[˝Á, Y„Ã[˝Ã[˝ %X«EıÃ[˝S, YÃ[˝Á`“„Ã^
%Á„±¡Á~◊Tˆ ÊªJÙrÙÁ, ◊[˝bÁV, %Á±¡◊X≥VÁ, l«˘V–Á`Ã^TˆÁ, %Á_aÓ cÕTˆÓÁ◊V aEı_cÕ
Tˆ„]Á\ˆÁ[˝Y“EıÁÈı mS* AcÕ aEı„_Ã[˝ ]„W˝Ó >X◊[˝e` `TˆÁå›Ã[˝ \ˆÁÃ[˝„Tˆ ÂEıÁX◊ªRÙOÃ[˝
%\ˆÁ[˝ ◊ªK˜_? ÂacÕ `TˆÁå›Ã[˝ a[[˝Ô ÊªJÙrÙÁ AcÕ mSaEı„_Ã[˝ Y“Á[˝„_Ó Tˆ]f`◊N˛Ã[˝
◊ªªJÙ‰c˜‘ a[[˝Ôy ◊ªJÙ◊c˜‘Tˆ*
\ˆG[˝ÁX ^FX \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ„Eı LÁGÁcÕ„_X, TˆFX ÂacÕ LÁGÃ[˝„SÃ[˝ Y“U] %Á„[˝„G
LÁTˆ›Ã^\ˆÁ„[˝Ã[˝ =Å›YXÁÃ[˝ LùÁ_Á]Ã^› `◊N˛ LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ ◊`Ã[˝ÁÃ^ ◊`Ã[˝ÁÃ^ FÃ[˝TˆÃ[˝„[˝„G
[˝◊c˜„Tˆ _Á◊G_* TˆÁc˜Á[Ã ˝ a◊c˜Tˆ ÿëˆ„V`‰Y“„]Ã[˝ =XΩÁVEı[Ã ˝ %Á„[˝G ^«[˝Eı[˝≥ V„Eı %◊\ˆ\ˆ… Tˆ
Eı◊Ã[˝_* %Á]Ã[˝Á YÁ∏JÙÁTˆÓLÁ◊Tˆ X◊c˜, %Á]Ã[˝Á %Á◊aÃ^Á[˝Áa›, %Á]Ã[˝Á \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ[˝Áa›,
%Á]Ã[˝Á %Á^ÔÓ* %Á]Ã[˝Á LÁTˆ›Ã^\ˆÁ[˝ Y“Áä c˜cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó ÿëˆ„V`‰Y“„]Ã[˝
aá˚ÁÃ[˝ XÁ c˜cÕ„_ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ LÁTˆ›Ã^\ˆÁ[˝ Y◊Ã[˝ÿˆè«ıªRÙO c˜Ã^ XÁ* ÂacÕ ÿëˆ„V`‰Y“„]Ã[˝

◊\ˆ◊w¯ ]ÁT ˆY…LÁ* Â^◊VX [˝◊·¯]ªJÙ‰≥V–Ã[˝ "[˝„≥V]ÁTˆÃ[˝]À' GÁX [˝Á„c˜Ó◊≥V–Ã^ %◊Tˆy‘]
Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á Y“Á„S %ÁHÁTˆ Eı◊Ã[˝_, ÂacÕ◊VX %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ c˜÷V„Ã^Ã[˝ ]„W˝Ó ÿëˆ„V`‰Y“] LÁ◊G_,
]ÁT ˆ]◊… wÔ¯ Y“◊Tˆ◊úˆTˆ c˜c˜_O * ÿëˆ„V` ]ÁTˆÁ, ÿëˆ„V` \ˆG[˝ÁX, AcÕ Â[˝VÁ‹ôˆ-◊`l˘Á[Ã ˝ %‹ôˆGTÔ ˆ
]c˜Tˆ› ◊`l˘Á LÁTˆ›Ã^ %\«ˆÓxÁ„XÃ[˝ [˝›LÿëˆÃ[˝÷Y* Â^]X L›[˝ \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ %e`,
TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ `◊N˛ \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ `◊N˛Ã[˝ %e`, ÂTˆ]XcÕ AcÕ aä„EıÁªRÙO› [˝Ü[˝Áa›, AcÕ
◊≈ye`„EıÁªRÙO› \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ[˝Áa›Ã[˝ a]◊rÙ a[[˝Ô[˝ÓÁY› [˝Áa«„V„[˝Ã[˝ %e`; AcÕ ◊≈ye`„EıÁªRÙO›Ã[˝
%Á`“^Ã , `◊N˛ÿëˆ[Ã ˝÷◊YS›, [˝ß\«ˆLÁ◊XüTˆÁ, [˝ß[˝_W˝Á◊Ã[˝S› \ˆÁ[Ã ˝Tˆ-LXX› \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ AEıRª Ù›O
`◊N˛, ]ÁTˆÁ, ÂV[˝›, LG#XX› EıÁ_›Ã[˝ ÂVc˜◊[˝„`b* AcÕ ]ÁT ˆ‰Y“], ]ÁT ˆ]…◊wÔ¯
LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ ]„X Y“Á„S LÁG◊Ã[˝Tˆ C Y“◊Tˆ◊úˆTˆ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ AcÕ EıÃ^ [˝„bÔÃ[˝ =„w¯LXÁ,
=VÓ], ÂEıÁ_Ác˜_, %Y]ÁX, _Ás˙XÁ, ◊X^ÔÓÁTˆX \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ ◊[˝W˝Á„X ◊[˝◊c˜Tˆ ◊ªK˜_*
ÂacÕ EıÁ^ÔÓ a+~ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜* TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Y„Ã[˝ ◊Eı?
TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Y„Ã[˝ %Á^ÔÓLÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ aXÁTˆX `◊N˛Ã[˝ Y«XÃ[˝”à˘ÁÃ[˝* Y“U] %Á^ÔÓªJÙ◊Ã[˝y C
◊`l˘Á, ◊•Tˆ›^Ã Â^ÁG`◊N˛Ã[˝ Y«X◊[[˝EÔ ıÁ`, T ˆTˆ›^Ã %Á„^ÔÓÁ◊ªJÙTˆ p˚ÁXT ˆb’Á C Eı∂ˆÇ`Ô ◊N˛Ã[˝
•ÁÃ[˝Á X[˝^«„GÃ[˝ %Á[˝`ÓEı aÁ]G–› aá˚Ã^ A[˝e AcÕ EıÃ^ [˝„bÔÃ[˝ =XΩÁ◊VX› =„w¯LXÁ
` Ö◊_Tˆ C ◊ÿöˆÃ[˝_„l˘ÓÃ[˝ %◊\ˆ]«F› Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ]ÁT ÊıÁ„^ÔÓÁà˘ÁÃ[˝* AFX Â^-a[˝ ^«[˝Eı[˝ ≥V
ÂV`]Ã^ YUÁ„XübS C Eı∂ˆÇÔÁ„XübS Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜X, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á =„w¯LXÁ %◊Tˆy‘] Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á
◊EıªK«˜◊VX `◊N˛ %ÁXÃ^„XÃ[˝ YU Fg«◊LÃ^Á _=X* Â^ ]c˜d EıÁ^ÔÓ a]ÁW˝Á Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ
c˜c˜„O [˝, TˆÁc˜Á ÂEı[˝_ =„w¯LXÁÃ[˝ •ÁÃ[˝Á a+~ c˜c˜„O Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ XÁ, `◊N˛ Jª ÙÁc˜*O ÂTˆÁ]Á◊V„GÃ[˝
Y…[[˝ÔY«Ã[˝”b„VÃ[˝ ◊`l˘ÁÃ^ Â^ `◊N˛ Y“Áä c˜CÃ^Á ^ÁÃ^ ÂacÕ `◊N˛ %HªRÙOXHªRÙOXYªRÙO›Ãâ›*
ÂacÕ `◊N˛ ÂTˆÁ]Á„VÃ[˝ `Ã[˝›„Ã[˝ %[˝TˆÃ[˝S Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ =VÓTˆ c˜cÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜X* ÂacÕ `◊N˛cÕ
]Á* TgˆÁc˜Á„Eı %Á±¡a]YÔS Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ =YÁÃ^ ◊`◊FÃ^Á _C* ]Á ÂTˆÁ]Á◊VG„Eı ^‹ó
Eı◊[Ã ˝^Ã Á ATˆ a±ºˆÃ[˝, A]X a[˝„_ EıÁ^ÔÓ a+ÁVX Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝X Â^, LGd ÿôˆ◊êˆTˆ c˜cÕ„[˝*
ÂacÕ `◊N˛Ã[˝ %\ˆÁ„[˝ ÂTˆÁ]Á„VÃ[˝ aEı_ ÊªJÙrÙÁ ◊[˝Zı_ c˜cÕ„[˝* ]ÁT ˆ]…◊wÔ¯ ÂTˆÁ]Á„VÃ[˝
c˜÷V„Ã^ Y“◊Tˆ◊úˆTˆ, ÂTˆÁ]Ã[˝Á ]ÁT ˆYL … Á C ]ÁT ˆ„a[˝Á Eı◊[Ã ˝„Tˆ ◊`◊FÃ^ÁªK˜, AFX %‹ôˆ◊XÔ◊c˜Tˆ
]ÁTˆÁ„Eı %Á±¡a]YÔS EıÃ[˝* EıÁ„^ÔÓÁà˘Á„Ã[˝Ã[˝ %XÓ Y‹öˆÁ XÁcÕ*
ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁÃ[˝ %UÔ
ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ Ã[˝ÁLX›◊TÊı ÊªJÙrÙÁÃ[˝ =„Å`Ó, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁ ◊Eı, TˆÁc˜Á
_cÕÃ^Á ]Tˆ„\ˆV [˝wÔ¯]ÁX* %„X„Eı ÿëˆÁÃ^w¯`ÁaX [˝„_X, %„X„Eı DY◊X„[˝◊Èı
ÿëˆÃ[˝ÁL [˝„_X, %„X„Eı a+…SÔ ÿëˆÃ[˝ÁL [˝„_X* %Á^ÔÓ @◊bGS a+…SÔ [˝Ó[˝c˜Á◊Ã[˝Eı
C %ÁW˝ÓÁ◊≈±¡Eı ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁ A[˝e TˆdZı_ÿëˆÃ[˝÷Y %l«˘| %ÁX≥V„Eı ÿëˆÁÃ[˝ÁLÓ [˝◊_„TˆX*
Ã[˝ÁLX›◊TÊı ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁ ÿëˆÁÃ[˝Á„LÓÃ[˝ AEı]Áy %Ü ---- TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ V«cÕ◊VEı %Á‰ªK˜, [˝Á◊c˜ÓEı
ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁ C %Á‹ôˆ◊Ã[˝Eı ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁ* ◊[˝„V`›Ã[˝ `ÁaX c˜cÕ„Tˆ a+…SÔ ]«◊N˛ [˝Á◊c˜ÓEı
ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁ, Y“LÁTˆ‹óˆ %Á‹ôˆ◊Ã[˝Eı ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁÃ[˝ ªJÙÃ[˝] ◊[˝EıÁ`* ^Tˆ◊VX Y„Ã[˝Ã[˝ `ÁaX [˝Á
Ã[˝ÁL±ºˆ UÁ„Eı, TˆTˆ◊VX ÂEıÁX LÁ◊Tˆ„Eı ÿëˆÃ[˝ÁLY“Áä ÿëˆÁW˝›X LÁ◊Tˆ [˝„_ XÁ* ^Tˆ◊VX
Y“LÁTˆ‹óˆ aeÿöˆÁYX XÁ c˜Ã^, TˆTˆ◊VX LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ %‹ôˆGÔTˆ Y“LÁ„Eı ÿëˆÁW˝›X ]X«bÓ [˝„_
XÁ* %Á]Ã[˝Á a+…SÔ ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁ ªJÙÁcÕ* ◊[˝„V`›Ã[˝ %Á„V` C [˝µ˘X c˜cÕ„Tˆ a+…SÔ
]«◊N˛, ÿëˆG „c˜ Y“LÁÃ[˝ a+…SÔ %Á◊W˝YTˆÓ, cÕc˜ÁcÕ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ Ã[˝ÁLX›◊TÊı _l˘Ó*
AcÕ %ÁEıÁIl˘ÁÃ[˝ EıÁÃ[˝S ae„l˘„Y [˝◊_[˝* LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ Y„l˘ YÃ[˝ÁW˝›XTˆÁ ] T«ˆÓÃ[˝
V…Tˆ C %Áp˚Á[˝Ác˜Eı, ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁÃ^cÕ L›[˝XÃ[˝l˘Á, ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁÃ^cÕ =~◊TˆÃ[˝ aêˆÁ[˝XÁ*
ÿëˆW˝∂ˆÇÔ %UÔÁd ÿëˆ\ˆÁ[˝◊XÃ^Tˆ LÁTˆ›Ã^ Eı∂ˆÇÔ C ÊªJÙrÙÁ LÁTˆ›Ã^ =~◊TˆÃ[˝ AEı]Áy Y‹öˆÁ*
◊[˝„V`› ^◊V ÂV` %◊W˝EıÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á %◊Tˆ VÃ^Á_« C ◊c˜ÍTˆb›C c˜X, TˆÁc˜Á c˜cÕ„_C
%Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ]ÿôˆ„Eı YÃ[˝W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ \ˆÁÃ[˝ ªJÙÁYÁcÕ„Tˆ ªK˜Á◊QÕˆ„[˝X XÁ* TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ =„Å`Ó \ˆÁ_
c˜=Eı ]≥V c˜=Eı, TˆÁc˜Á„Tˆ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ %◊c˜Tˆ ◊\ˆ~ ◊c˜Tˆ c˜c˜„O [˝ XÁ* Y„Ã[˝[Ã ˝ ÿëˆ\ˆÁ[˝◊XÃ^Tˆ
Y„U %G–aÃ[˝ c˜cÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ `◊N˛ C ÊY“Ã[˝SÁ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ XÁcÕ, ÂacÕ Y„U ÂG„_ %Á]Ã[˝Á
%◊Tˆ a«≥VÃ[˝[Ã ˝÷„Y Y„Ã[˝[Ã ˝ %X«Eı[Ã ˝S Eı◊[Ã ˝„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝, Y„Ã[˝[Ã ˝ =~◊Tˆ[Ã ˝ _l˘S C Â[˝`\…ˆbÁÃ^
%◊Tˆ Vl˘TˆÁÃ[˝ a◊c˜Tˆ ÿëˆ›Ã^ %[˝X◊Tˆ %Á¨K˜ÁVX Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ YÃ[˝›l˘ÁEıÁ„_
%Á]Á„VÃ[˝ YÃ[˝W˝∂ˆÇÔ„a[˝Áaê…ˆTˆ V«[[˝Ô_TˆÁ C %aÁÃ[˝TˆÁ ◊[˝EıÁ` YÁcÕ„[˝* %Á]Ã[˝ÁC
ÂacÕ %aÁÃ[˝TˆÁ[Ã ˝ Zı„_ ◊[˝XÁ`Y“Áä c˜c˜[O ˝* ÂÃ[˝Á„]Ã[˝ %Á◊W˝YTˆÓ\«ˆN˛, ÂÃ[˝Á„]Ã[˝ a\ˆÓTˆÁY“Áä
Y“Á“ Jª Ù›X ^Ã „« [Ã ˝ÁY›Ã^ LÁ◊TâEı_ %„XEı◊VX a«Fÿëˆ¨K˜„≥V EıÁªRÙÁO c˜„O _X [˝‰Rª Ù,O ◊Eı‹ôˆ« TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝
Â`b %[˝ÿöˆÁ %◊Tˆ \ˆÃ^ÁXEı c˜cÕ_, ]X«bÓ±ºˆ ◊[˝XÁ„` TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ Â^ ÂHÁÃ[˝ V«Å¤`Á c˜cÕ_,
Y“„TˆÓEı YÃ[˝ÁW˝›XTˆÁYÃ[˝Á^Ã S LÁ◊Tˆ[Ã ˝ ÂacÕ ]X«bÓ±ºˆ-◊[˝XÁ` C ÂHÁÃ[˝ V«Å`¤ Á %[˝`ÓêˆÁ[˝›*
YÃ[˝ÁW˝›XTˆÁ[Ã ˝ Y“W˝ÁX ◊\ˆ◊w¯ LÁ◊Tˆ[Ã ˝ ÿëˆW˝∂ˆÇXÔ Á` C YÃ[˝W˝∂ˆÇ„Ô a[˝Á* ^◊V YÃ[˝ÁW˝›X %[˝ÿˆö Á^Ã
ÿëˆW˝∂ˆÇÔ Ã[˝l˘Á Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ [˝Á Y«XÃ[˝”#›◊[˝Tˆ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝, YÃ[˝ÁW˝›XTˆÁÃ[˝ [˝µ˘X %ÁY◊X
F◊aÃ^Á Y◊QÕˆ„[˝, cÕc˜Á %_IHX›Ã^ Y“ÁE ı◊TÊı ◊XÃ^]* %TÂ[˝ ÂEıÁX LÁ◊Tˆ ^◊V
ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁÃ[˝ %UÔ 117
◊XL„VÁ„b YÃ[˝ÁW˝›XTˆÁÃ^ Y◊TˆTˆ c˜Ã^, %◊[˝Eı_ C Y…SÔÁÜ ÿëˆÃ[˝ÁL TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Y“U]

=„Å`Ó C Ã[˝ÁLX›◊TÊı %ÁV`Ô c˜C^Á =◊ªJÙTˆ* DY◊X„[˝◊Èı ÿëˆÁÃ^w¯`ÁaX ÿëˆÃ[˝ÁL
XÃ^, Tˆ„[˝ ^◊V ◊[˝XÁ a„wÔ¯ a+…SÔ %◊W˝EıÁÃ[˝ ÂVCÃ^Á c˜Ã^ A[˝e LÁ◊Tˆ %ÁV`Ô}rÙ
C ÿëˆW˝∂ˆÇÔ}rÙ XÁ c˜Ã^, ÿëˆÃ[˝Á„LÃ[˝ %X«E…ı_ C Y…[[˝Ô[˝w¯fi %[˝ÿöˆÁ c˜cÕ‰ªTˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ [˝‰ªRÙO*
AFX EıUÁ =◊PˆÃ^Á‰ªK˜, [˝ ◊ªRÙO` aÁ∂ÉˆÁ„LÓÃ[˝ [˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝ ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁÃ[˝ %Á`Á ÂYÁbS EıÃ[˝Á
W˝ rÙTˆÁÃ[˝ Y◊Ã[˝ªJÙÁÃÊı C Ã[˝ÁL‰V–Ácã…ªJÙEı, ^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á DY◊X„[˝◊Èı ÿëˆÁÃ^w¯`Áa„X a‹ô«ˆrÙ
XX, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á ◊X∏JÙÃ^ Ã[˝ÁL‰V–Ác˜›, Ã[˝Ár—Ù◊[˝Y¿[˝EıÁÃ[˝› C a[[˝Ô◊[˝W˝ Ã[˝ÁLX›◊TÊı EıÁ„^ÔÓ
[˝#¤X›Ã^* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ÂacÕÃ[˝÷Y %Á`Á [˝Á %ÁV„`ÔÃ[˝ a◊c˜Tˆ Ã[˝ÁL‰V–Á„c˜Ã[˝ ÂEıÁX a∂ëˆµ˘
XÁcÕ* cÕeÃ[˝ÁL Ã[˝ÁL„±ºˆÃ[˝ %ÁÃ[˝êˆ c˜cÕ„Tˆ [˝QÕˆ [˝QÕˆ cÕeÃ[˝ÁL Ã[˝ÁLX›◊Tˆ◊[˝VÀ [˝◊_Ã^Á
%Á◊a„Tˆ‰Kª ˜X Â^, Ac˜[ÃO ˝÷Y ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁ c˜eO [Ã ˝ÁL [Ã ˝ÁLY«[Ã ˝”b„VÃ[˝C _l˘Ó, AFXC c˜eO [Ã ˝ÁL
◊[˝ªJÙÁÃ[˝EıGS ]«N˛Eı„¢ˆ [˝◊_„Tˆ‰ªK˜X Â^, ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁ %ÁV„`ÔÃ[˝ Y“ªJÙÁÃ[˝ C ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁ_Á„\ˆÃ[˝
È[˝W˝ ÊªJÙrÙÁ %ÁcÕXaÜTˆ C ÂVÁb`…XÓ* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁ [˝ ◊ªRÙO` aÁ∂ÉˆÁ„LÓÃ[˝
[˝◊c˜GÔTˆ [˝Á %‹ôˆGÔTˆ c˜cÕ„[˝, ÂacÕ Y“‰`¬Ã[˝ ]›]ÁeaÁ LÁTˆ›Ã^ Yl˘ EıFX %Á[˝`ÓEı
]„X Eı„[Ã ˝ XÁc˜*O %Á]Ã[˝Á Y…SÁÔ Ü ÿëˆ[Ã ˝ÁL Jª ÙÁc˜*O ^◊V [˝◊ Rª ÙÒ LÁ◊Tˆ A]X ^«N˛ aÁ∂ÉˆÁ„LÓÃ[˝
[˝Ó[˝ÿöˆÁ Eı„Ã[˝ Â^, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ %‹ôˆ\«ˆ¤N˛ c˜cÕÃ^Á \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ[˝Áa›Ã[˝ ÂacÕÃ[˝÷Y ÿëˆÃ[˝ÁL aêˆ[˝ c˜Ã^,
%ÁY◊w¯ ◊Eı? %Á]Ã[˝Á cÕeÃ[˝ÁL LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ ◊[˝„•„b ÿëˆÃ[˝ÁL ÊªJÙrÙÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ◊ªK˜ XÁ, ÂV`Ã[˝l˘ÁÃ[˝
LXÓ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ◊ªK˜* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ %Á]Ã[˝Á Y…SÔÁÜ ÿëˆÃ[˝ÁL ◊\ˆ~ %XÓ %ÁV`Ô ÿëˆ›EıÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á
ÂV`[˝Áa›„Eı ◊]UÓÁ Ã[˝ÁLX›◊Tˆ C ÂV`Ã[˝l˘ÁÃ[˝ \«ˆ_ ]ÁGÔ Y“V`ÔX Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ Y“ÿô«ˆTˆ X◊c˜*
◊c˜„Ã[˝Á[˝…◊] cÕ„TˆÁ
]ÁX[˝LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó V«cÕ Y“EıÁÃ[˝ L›[˝ LXΩG–c˜S Eı„Ã[˝* ^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á %Á‰ÿôˆ %Á‰ÿôˆ
y‘]◊[˝EıÁ„`Ã[˝ ÊÿÉˆÁ„Tˆ %G–aÃ[˝ c˜cÕÃ^Á %‹ôˆ◊XÔ◊c˜Tˆ ÂV[˝±ºˆ Y“EıÁ` Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜X, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á
aÁW˝ÁÃ[˝S ]X«bÓ* ^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á ÂacÕ y‘]◊[˝EıÁ„`Ã[˝ aÁc˜Á^ÓÁUÔ ◊[˝\…ˆ◊TˆÃ[˝÷„Y LXΩG–c˜S
Eı„Ã[˝X, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á ÿëˆTˆ‹óˆ* TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á Â^ LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó C Â^ ^«„G %[˝TˆÃ[˝S Eı„Ã[˝X,
ÂacÕ LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ ªJÙ◊Ã[˝y C %ÁªJÙÁÃ[˝, ÂacÕ ^«„GÃ[˝ W˝∂ˆÇÔ G–c˜SY…[[˝ÔEı B`ü◊Ã[˝Eı `◊N˛ C
ÿëˆ\ˆÁ„[˝Ã[˝ [˝„_ aÁW˝ÁÃ[˝S ]ÁX„[˝Ã[˝ %aÁW˝Ó Eı∂ˆÇÔ aÁW˝X Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á LG„TˆÃ[˝ G◊Tˆ ◊Eı◊á˚d
Y◊Ã[˝[˝wÔ¯X Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á cÕ◊Tˆc˜Á„a %]Ã[˝ XÁ] Ã[˝Á◊FÃ^Á ÿëˆ„_ÁEıG]X Eı„Ã[˝X* TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝
Eı∂ˆÇÔ C ªJÙ◊Ã[˝y ]ÁX«„bÃ[˝ Y“èaÁ C ◊X≥VÁÃ[˝ %Tˆ›Tˆ* Y“èaÁ Eı◊Ã[˝ [˝Á ◊X≥VÁ Eı◊Ã[˝,
TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á \ˆG[˝Åw¯ EıÁ^ÔÓ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ◊GÃ^Á‰ªK˜X* ]ÁX[˝LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ \ˆ◊[˝bÓd ÂacÕ EıÁ^ÔÓ •ÁÃ[˝Á
◊XÃ^◊‹óˆTˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á ◊X◊Å¤rÙ Y„U FÃ[˝‰ÿÉˆÁ„Tˆ [˝◊c˜„[˝* ◊aLÁÃ[˝, ÂX„YÁ◊_Ã^X, %ÁEı[˝Ã[˝,
◊`[˝ÁL› AcÕÃ[˝÷Y ◊[˝\…ˆ◊Tˆ* LÁYÁ„XÃ[˝ ]c˜ÁY«Ã[˝”b ◊c˜„Ã[˝Á[˝…◊] cÕ„TˆÁC AcÕ Ê`“S›Ã[˝
\«ˆN˛ A[˝e ^gÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ XÁ] =‰{F Eı◊Ã[˝_Á] TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ AEıLXC m„S, Y“◊Tˆ\ˆÁÃ^
[˝Á Eı„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ ]c˜„√º¯ C \ˆ◊[˝bÓd Zı„_ cÕ„TˆÁÃ[˝ %„Yl˘Á Ê`“úˆ ◊ªK˜„_X XÁ* cÕ„TˆÁÃ[˝
cÕ◊Tˆc˜Á„a C LÁYÁ„XÃ[˝ %\«ˆÓV„Ã^, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Y“W˝ÁX ÿöˆÁX aEı„_cÕ %[˝GTˆ %Á‰ªK˜X,
◊Eı‹ô«ˆ aEı„_cÕ XÁ-C LÁ◊X„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝X Â^, cÕ„TˆÁcÕ ÂacÕ %\«ˆÓV„Ã^Ã[˝ y‘], =YÁÃ^
C =„Å`Ó =‡ˆÁ[˝X Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á Â`b Y^ÔÓ‹ôˆ AEıÁ AcÕ ]c˜d Y◊Ã[˝[˝wÔ¯X Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X,
LÁYÁ„XÃ[˝ %ÁÃ[˝ aEı_ ]c˜ÁY«Ã[˝”b TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ c˜‰ÿôˆÃ[˝ ^‹óˆ ]Áy* cÕ„TˆÁcÕ LÁYÁ„XÃ[˝
BEıÓ, LÁYÁ„XÃ[˝ ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁ, LÁYÁ„XÃ[˝ ◊[˝VÓÁ[˝_, ÈaXÓ[˝_, ÂXÏ„aXÁ[˝_, %UÔ[˝_,
[˝Á◊SLÓ, Ã[˝ÁLX›◊Tˆ ]„X EıîXÁ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á EıÁ„^ÔÓ Y◊Ã[˝STˆ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜„_X* ◊Tˆ◊XcÕ
\ˆÁ[˝› LÁYÁ„XÃ[˝ aÁ∂ÉˆÁLÓ Y“ÿô«ˆTˆ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ◊ªK˜„_X* ^Ác˜Á Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X, Y“ÁÃ^cÕ %‹ôˆÃ[˝Á„_
VÒÁQÕˆÁcÕÃ^Á Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X* LÁ∂ˆÇÔÁS›Ã[˝ EıÁcÕaÁÃ[˝ C◊Ã^_„c˜] [˝Á ◊[˝_Á„TˆÃ[˝ _„Ã^Qˆ L#¤
^Ác˜Á Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜X, ^Ác˜Á \ˆÁ◊[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜X, a]ÿôˆ LGd TˆFXcÕ TˆÁc˜Á LÁ◊X„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝*
cÕ„TˆÁ ^Ác˜Á \ˆÁ◊[˝„Tˆ◊ªK˜„_X, ^Ác˜Á Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ◊ªK˜„_X, ÂEıc˜ LÁ◊XTˆ XÁ ---- ^FX TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝
◊X\ ˆTˆ EıîXÁ C ÊªJÙrÙÁ Zı_›\…ˆTˆ c˜cÕ_, TˆFX LGd ◊[˝◊ÿˆÇTˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á [˝«◊Mı„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝_,
cÕc˜ÁcÕ ATˆ◊VX Y“ÿô«ˆTˆ c˜cÕ„Tˆ◊ªK˜_* %UªJÙ ◊Eı Y“EıÁâ¯ EıÁ^ÔÓ! ◊Eı %‡«ˆTˆ Y“◊Tˆ\ˆÁ ÂacÕ
EıÁ„^ÔÓ Y“EıÁ` YÁcÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜! ^◊V cÕ„TˆÁ ◊X„L ]„XÃ[˝ EıîXÁ Y“EıÁ` Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ %\ˆÓÿôˆ
c˜cÕ„TˆX, a]ÿôˆ LGd Y„V Y„V TgˆÁc˜Á„Eı =XΩw¯ %aÁW˝ÓaÁW˝X-Y“Ã^Áa› C [˝ÓUÔ-
ÿëˆ‰Y¬Ã[˝ %X«Ã[˝N˛ Idealist [˝◊_Ã^Á =Yc˜Áa Eı◊Ã[˝Tˆ* ÂEı ◊[˝`üÁa Eı◊Ã[˝Tˆ Â^, Yá˚Á`
◊c˜„Ã[˝Á[˝…◊] cÕ„TˆÁ 119
[˝da„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ]„W˝Ó LÁYÁX V«_Ô\ˆ ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁ Ã[˝l˘Á Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á a]ÿôˆ YÁ∏JÙÁTˆÓ a\ˆÓTˆÁ
%ÁÃ^w¯ Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝, cÕe_â¯ LÁ∂ˆÇÔÁS› Z–ıÁ„≥aÃ[˝ a]Eıl˘ Y“[˝_ YÃ[˝Áy‘]`Á_› LÁ◊Tˆ
c˜cÕ„[˝, ªJÙ›X„Eı YÃ[˝Á\…ˆTˆ Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝, Ã[˝”`„Eı YÃ[˝Á\…ˆTˆ Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝, V…Ã[˝ ÂV`-◊[˝„V„` LÁYÁX›
[˝Á◊SLÓ, LÁYÁX› ◊ªJÙyEı_Á, LÁYÁX› [˝«◊à˘Ã[˝ Y“èaÁ C LÁYÁX› aÁc˜„aÃ[˝ \ˆÃ^˝
◊[˝ÿôˆÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝, ÂEıÁ◊Ã[˝Ã^Á %◊W˝EıÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝, ZıÃ[˝„]ÁLÁ %◊W˝EıÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝, [˝ c˜d
aÁ∂ÉˆÁ„LÓÃ[˝ ◊\ˆ◊w¯ ÿöˆÁYX Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝, AEıTˆÁ, ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁ, aÁ]Ó, LÁTˆ›Ã^ ◊`l˘ÁÃ[˝ ªJÙÃ[˝]
=~◊Tˆ aÁ◊W˝Tˆ Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝* ÂX„YÁ◊_Ã^X [˝◊_„TˆX, %Á]ÁÃ[˝ `å„EıÁ„b %aÁW˝Ó EıUÁ
[˝ÁV ◊VÃ^Á◊ªK˜* cÕ„TˆÁ ÂacÕ EıUÁ [˝„_X XÁcÕ, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ EıÁ„^ÔÓ TˆÁc˜ÁcÕ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜„_X*
ÂX„YÁ◊_Ã^„XÃ[˝ EıÁ^ÔÓ %„Yl˘Á cÕ„TˆÁÃ[˝ EıÁ^ÔÓ [˝QÕˆ* AcÕÃ[˝÷Y ]c˜ÁY«Ã[˝”b c˜TˆÓÁEıÁÃ[˝›Ã[˝
m◊_„Tˆ ◊Xc˜Tˆ c˜c˜^ÃO Á‰ªK˜X, c˜cO ˜Á„Tˆ EıÁc˜Á[Ã ˝C V«fF c˜c˜[O ˝Á[Ã ˝ EıÁ[Ã ˝S XÁc˜*O ◊^◊X LÁYÁ„XÃ[˝
LXÓ Y“ÁS =daGÔ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X, LÁYÁXcÕ ^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ, LÁYÁXcÕ ^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ =YÁaÓ
ÂV[˝TˆÁ, ◊Tˆ◊X LÁYÁ„XÃ[˝ LXÓ Y“ÁSTˆÓÁG Eı◊[Ã ˝^Ã Á‰ªK˜X, c˜cO ˜Á [˝QˆÕ a«„FÃ[˝ EıUÁ, ÂaÏ\ˆÁ„GÓÃ[˝
EıUÁ, ÂGÏÃ[˝„[˝Ã[˝ EıUÁ* c˜„TˆÁ [˝Á Y“Á¥aÓ◊a ÿëˆGÔe, ◊L±ºˆÁ [˝Á Â\ˆÁl˘Ó„a ]c˜›]À*
◊c˜„Ã[˝Á[˝…◊] cÕ„TˆÁÃ[˝ \ˆÁ„GÓ AcÕ V«cÕªRÙO› YÃ[˝] Zı_ AEı L›[˝X[˝ „l˘ YÁCÃ^Á ÂG_*
ÂEıÁ◊Ã[˝Ã^Á C LÁYÁX
ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁÃ[˝ Y“[˝_ %ÁEıÁIl˘Á a]ÿôˆ %Á◊aÃ^ÁFâ¯ [˝ÓÁä Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á %Y…[[˝Ô _›_Á
Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜* %HªRÙOXHªRÙOXYªRÙO›Ãâ› ]c˜Á`◊N˛Ã[˝ Y„l˘ ◊EıªK«˜cÕ %aÁW˝Ó, ◊EıªK«˜cÕ %aêˆ[˝
X„c˜* %Á]Ã[˝Á ^Ác˜Á„Eı %aÁW˝Ó [˝◊_, ]c˜Á`◊N˛Ã[˝ ÊY“Ã[˝SÁÃ^, ]c˜Á`◊N˛Ã[˝ %}Á‹ôˆ
=YÁÃ^-Y“„Ã^Á„G TˆÁc˜Á ac˜LaÁW˝Ó c˜Ã^* %Á]Ã[˝Á ^Ác˜Á„Eı %aêˆ[˝ [˝◊_, ]c˜Á`◊N˛Ã[˝
cÕ¨K˜ÁÃ^ TˆÁc˜Á aêˆ[˝ C %[˝`ÓêˆÁ[˝› c˜Ã^* V«[[˝Ô_ YÁÃ[˝aÓ V«cÕ Y“EıÁâ¯ %Áa«◊Ã[˝Eı
`◊N˛Ã[˝ ÂYb„S Y◊QÕˆÃ^ÁC acãÁ =◊PˆÃ^Á‰ªK˜, %aeFÓ ◊[˝H¬ %◊Tˆy‘] Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á W˝›Ã[˝
◊X∏JÙÃ^ G◊Tˆ„Tˆ [˝_ aeG–c˜ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜* ]«]…b«Ô T«ÊÔı ÂEıÁUÁ c˜cÕ„Tˆ at›[˝X› a«W˝Á
YÁX Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á X…TˆX [˝„_ [˝_›Ã^ÁX, X…TˆX Â^Ï[˝XÁ„[˝„G Y“Z«ı{, Ã^«„Ã[˝Á„YÃ[˝ ◊[˝ÿˆÇÃ^ C
\ˆ„Ã^Ã[˝ EıÁÃ[˝S c˜cÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜* Y“ÁªJÙ›X ªJÙ›„XÃ[˝ Âÿëˆ¨K˜ÁªJÙÁÃ[˝› Ã[˝ÁLTˆ‹óˆ %ÁY◊X %ÁG–c˜ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á
Y“LÁTˆ„‹óˆ Y◊Ã[˝STˆ c˜cÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜* %ÁÃ[˝◊[˝ÿôˆÁ„X, T«ˆ◊EÔıÿôˆÁ„X, \ˆÁÃ[˝„Tˆ, Â^ aEı_ %Á◊aÃ^Á-
[˝Áa› YÃ[˝ÁW˝›X, Âa aEı_ ÂV„` ÂV„` ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁÃ[˝ %V]Ó %ÁEıÁIl˘Á LÁ◊GÃ^Á ÂV`„Eı
%Á„_Á◊QÕˆTˆ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜* %ÁZıGÁ◊XÿôˆÁ„XC %`Á◊‹ôˆÃ[˝ Y“U] ◊ªJÙc˜‘ ÂVFÁ ◊VÃ^Á‰ªK˜*
AEı]Áy [˝–°˘„V„` C `ÓÁ]„V„` AcÕ ÊÿÉˆÁTˆ AFXC [˝◊c˜„Tˆ %ÁÃ[˝êˆ Eı„Ã[˝ XÁcÕ*
a]ÿôˆ %Á◊aÃ^ÁFâ¯ L›◊[˝Tˆ, LÁG–Tˆ, ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁ aeG–Á„] LÃ^◊_¥a«*
V«f„FÃ[˝ EıUÁ, AcÕ =xÁ„XÃ[˝ ]„W˝ÓcÕ %Á◊aÃ^Á[˝Áa›„Tˆ %Á◊aÃ^Á[˝Áa›„Tˆ ◊[˝„Ã[˝ÁW˝
=Y◊ÿöˆTˆ* T«ÊÔıaÁ∂ÉˆÁ„LÓ Â^ %`Á◊‹ôˆ [˝wÔ¯]ÁX, TˆÁc˜Á a«_TˆÁX %Á[˝V«_ c˜Á◊]„VÃ[˝
Y…[[˝ÔE ıTˆ YÁ„YÃ[˝ Y“ÁÃ^◊∏JÙw¯Ã[˝÷„Y X…TˆX Y“LÁTˆ‹óˆ„Eı Â\ˆÁG Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜; ÂacÕ
Y“LÁTˆ„‹óˆ[Ã ˝ =VÁÃ[˝, Y“◊Tˆ\ˆÁ`Á_› C Tˆ›©¬˘[˝◊« à˘ [Ã ˝ÁLX›◊Tˆ◊[˝VÀ ÂXTˆÁGS Â^ AcÕ %`Á◊‹ôˆ
`›H– Y“`◊]Tˆ Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝X, TˆÁc˜Á„Tˆ a„≥Vc˜ XÁcÕ* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ Y…[[˝Ô %Á◊aÃ^ÁÃ^ LÁYÁ„XÃ[˝
aÁ∂ÉˆÁLÓ◊_¥aÁÃ^ C [˝Á◊SLÓ◊[˝ÿôˆÁ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ %ÁEıÁIl˘ÁÃ^ Â^ ◊[˝„Ã[˝ÁW˝ a rÙ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝
◊X[[˝˝ÔÁ„SÁYÁÃ^ TˆTˆ ac˜L X„c˜* a+“◊Tˆ LÁYÁ„XÃ[˝ Y“W˝ÁX C Y…LÓTˆ] ÂXTˆÁ, X[˝Ó
LÁYÁ„XÃ[˝ ÿÉˆrÙÁ, YÁTˆÁ C ◊[˝ÿôˆÁÃ[˝EıwÔ¯Á ◊c˜„Ã[˝Á[˝…◊] cÕ„TˆÁ YÃ[˝ÁW˝›X ÂEıÁ◊Ã[˝Ã^Á[˝Áa›Ã[˝
c˜‰ÿôˆ ◊Xc˜Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜X* Â^ LÁ◊Tˆ Y„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁÃ^ c˜ÿôˆÁYÔS Eı„Ã[˝, Âa Â^ ]c˜ÁYÁY
Eı„Ã[˝, TˆÁc˜Á„Tˆ a„≥Vc˜ XÁcÕ; ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ a]ÿôˆ %Á◊aÃ^ÁÃ[˝ %Á[˝`ÓEı›Ã^ ◊c˜TÊıÁ„^ÔÓÃ[˝ LXÓ
\ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ c˜Ö K˜Á^Ã LÁYÁX ÂEıÁ◊Ã[˝^Ã ÁÃ^ Y“„[˝` Eı◊[Ã ˝^Ã Á‰ªK˜ A[˝e ^Tˆ◊VX TˆÁc˜Á[Ã ˝ %ÁG]„XÃ[˝
=„Å`Ó ◊aà˘ XÁ c˜Ã^, TˆTˆ◊VX ÂEıÁ◊Ã[˝Ã^ÁÃ[˝ ac˜ÿÉˆ ÊªJÙrÙÁÃ^ AcÕ [˝µ˘X H«◊ªJÙ„[˝ XÁ* ÂacÕ
=„Å`Ó Ã[˝”„`Ã[˝ c˜ÿôˆ c˜cÕ„Tˆ =w¯Ã[˝ C Y…[[˝Ô %Á◊aÃ^ÁÃ[˝ Y◊Ã[˝yÁS* AcÕ =„Å`Ó
ÂEıÁ◊Ã[˝Ã^Á •ÁÃ[˝Á a+~ c˜cÕ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ XÁ, LÁYÁX„EıcÕ \ˆG[˝ÁX ÂacÕ =„Å`Ó aÁW˝„XÃ[˝
ÂEıÁ◊Ã[˝Ã^Á C LÁYÁX 121
=Y„^ÁG› `◊N˛, aÁ]UÔÓ, LX[˝_, W˝X[˝_ C =YEıÃ[˝S ◊VÃ^Á‰ªK˜X* %UªJÙ ÂEıÁ◊Ã[˝Ã^ÁcÕ

=w¯Ã[˝ %Á◊aÃ^ÁÃ[˝ ÂEı{Á --- Â^ ÂEıÁ◊Ã[˝Ã^Á %◊W˝EıÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝„[˝, Âa =w¯Ã[˝
%Á◊aÃ^ÁÃ[˝ Y“\«ˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á ◊[˝Ã[˝ÁL Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝* Ã[˝”` ^◊V ÂEıÁ◊Ã[˝Ã^ÁÃ^ Y“„[˝` Eı„Ã[˝ --- Ã[˝”`-
LÁYÁ„XÃ[˝ ^«„à˘Ã[˝ Y…„[[˝Ô Ã[˝”` Y“„[˝` Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜_ --- LÁYÁ„XÃ[˝ ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁ V«cÕ
◊VXC ÿöˆÁÃ^› c˜cÕ„[˝ XÁ* AcÕ %[˝ÿöˆÁÃ^ ÂEıÁ◊Ã[˝Ã^Á %◊W˝EıÁÃ[˝ EıÃ[˝Á LÁYÁ„XÃ[˝ %Á±¡Ã[˝l˘ÁÃ[˝
%Á[˝`ÓEı =YÁÃ^; cÕc˜Á„Eı YÁYEıÁ^ÔÓ [˝_Á ^ÁÃ^ XÁ* ÂEı[˝_ %Á±¡Ã[˝l˘Á X„c˜, cÕc˜Á
<`ü[Ã ˝◊X◊Å¤rÙ Y«SÓEıÁ„^ÔÓ[Ã ˝ %Á[˝`ÓEı %Ü* ^Tˆ◊VX aÁc˜[O ˝›◊Ã[˝^Ã Á %Á[˝Á[Ã ˝ %Á◊aÃ^Á[˝Áa›Ã[˝
EıÃ[˝Tˆ_GTˆ XÁ c˜Ã^, ^Tˆ◊VX y…‘Ã[˝, %TˆÓÁªJÙÁÃ[˝› C YÃ[˝ÿëˆÁYc˜ÁÃ[˝› Ã[˝”`-Ã[˝ÁLÓ ÂacÕ
Y“„V„` ◊[˝XrÙ XÁ c˜Ã^, TˆTˆ◊VX %Á◊aÃ^ÁF„â¯Ã[˝ ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁ EıFX ◊XÃ[˝ÁYV c˜cÕ„Tˆ
YÁ„Ã[˝ XÁ* aÁcÕ[˝›◊Ã[˝Ã^Á LÁYÁ„XÃ[˝ Y“ÁYÓ, LÁYÁXcÕ Ã[˝”`„Eı aÁcÕ[˝›◊Ã[˝Ã^Á c˜cÕ„Tˆ
c˜ªRÙOÁcÕ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝* ÂEıÁ◊Ã[˝Ã^Á %◊W˝EıÁÃ[˝ XÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„_ FÁÃ[˝◊[˝X C [˝¿Á◊Qˆ[˝ÿôÊı %◊W˝EıÁÃ[˝
Eı[Ã ˝Á ^ÁÃ^ XÁ* %TÂ[˝ \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ c˜Ö K˜Á^Ã A[˝e TgˆÁc˜Á[Ã ˝ =„Å`Ó◊a◊à˘[Ã ˝ LXÓ ÂEıÁ◊Ã[˝^Ã ÁÃ^
LÁYÁX›Ã[˝ %Á◊[˝\ˆ¤Á[˝ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜, ÂacÕ =„Å`Ó ◊[˝Zı_ c˜cÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ X„c˜* ^Tˆ◊VX [˝¿◊Qˆ[˝ÿôÊı
LÁYÁX›Ã[˝ c˜ÿôˆGTˆ XÁ c˜Ã^, TˆTˆ◊VX ÂEıÁ◊Ã[˝Ã^ÁÃ[˝ ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁ◊_¥aÁ C ÊªJÙrÙÁ ◊[˝Zı_
c˜cÕ„[˝*
◊Eı‹ô«ˆ AcÕ %Á[˝`ÓEı EıÁ„^ÔÓ LÁYÁX›Ã[˝Á %XÁ[˝`ÓEı Eı‰PˆÁÃ[˝TˆÁ C %TˆÓÁªJÙÁÃ[˝
Y“„Ã^ÁG Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜ --- Âa Â^ EıTÊıªRÙOÁ ÂEıÁ◊Ã[˝Ã^Á[˝Áa›Ã[˝ ÂVÁ„b, TˆÁc˜Á %ÿëˆ›EıÁÃ[˝ EıÃ[˝Á
^ÁÃ^ XÁ; ◊Eı‹ˆ«ô a+…SÔ ÂVÁb ÂEıÁ◊Ã[˝^Ã Á[˝Áa›Ã[˝ X„c˜* X›ªJÙ‰`“S›Ã[˝, X›ªJÙYE“ ı ◊Tˆ LÁYÁX›„VÃ[˝
Â_Á\ˆ, LÃ^]w¯TˆÁ C YÁ`◊[˝Eı Y“[˝◊ w¯ TˆÁc˜Á[Ã ˝ EıÁ[Ã ˝S* ^FX AcÕ %TˆÓÁªJÙÁ„Ã[˝ ÂEıÁ◊Ã[˝^Ã Á-
[˝Áa›Ã[˝ Ây‘ÁW˝[˝◊c˜‘ Y“Lù◊_Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜_, TˆFX LÁYÁ„XÃ[˝ ÂXTˆÁ ◊c˜„Ã[˝Á[˝…◊] cÕ„TˆÁ
ÿëˆ^Ã e ÂEıÁ◊Ã[˝^Ã ÁÃ^ ◊GÃ^Á AcÕ Eı◊PˆX C ◊[˝Y#XEı ]c˜d EıÁ„^ÔÓ[Ã ˝ \ˆÁ[Ã ˝ G–c˜S Eı◊Ã[˝„_X*
◊Tˆ◊X [˝Ó◊N˛GTˆ %TˆÓÁªJÙÁÃ[˝ [˝µ˘ Eı◊Ã[˝„_X, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ÿëˆÃê ÂEıÁ◊Ã[˝Ã^Á[˝Áa›Ã[˝ =YÃ[˝ %ÁÃ[˝C
\ˆ›bS %TˆÓÁªJÙÁÃ[˝ %ÁÃ[˝êˆ Eı◊Ã[˝„_X* ÂEıÁ◊Ã[˝Ã^ÁÃ[˝ ÿëˆTˆ‹óˆ L›[˝X, ÿëˆTˆ‹óˆ ◊`l˘Á,
ÿëˆTˆ‹óˆ %ÁªJÙÁÃ[˝ [˝Ó[˝c˜ÁÃ[˝, ÿëˆTˆ‹óˆ %◊ÿôˆ„±ºˆÃ[˝ Y“„TˆÓEı ◊ªJÙc˜‘ V ªRÕÙ ◊XÅ¤Ã^ ÂYb„S ªJ…ÙSÔ ◊[˝ªJ…ÙSÔ
Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ÂEıÁ◊Ã[˝Ã^Á„Eı LÁYÁ„XÃ[˝ %‹ôˆGÔTˆ Y“„V` Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á LÁYÁX› ◊`l˘Á, LÁYÁX›
a\ˆÓTˆÁ, LÁYÁX› %ÁªJÙÁÃ[˝ [˝Ó[˝c˜ÁÃ[˝, LÁYÁX› Eı∂ˆÇÔVl˘TˆÁ, Eı∂ˆÇÔY“SÁ_› C ` Ö_Á,
LÁYÁX› ]‹óˆ, LÁYÁX› Tˆ‹óˆ, ÂEıÁ◊Ã[˝Ã^Á[˝Áa›Ã[˝ ]„X Y“Á„S `Ã[˝›„Ã[˝ %◊·¯Tˆ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á
◊V[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÊªJÙrÙÁ %ÁÃ[˝êˆ Eı◊Ã[˝„_X* cÕ„TˆÁ aÁ]ÁXÓ Ã[˝ÁLX›◊Tˆ◊[˝VÀ ◊ªK˜„_X XÁ, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ T«ˆ_Ó
]c˜ÁY«Ã[˝”b >X◊[˝e` `TˆÁå›„Tˆ Ã[˝ÁLX›◊Tˆ Âl˘‰y %[˝Tˆ›SÔ c˜X XÁcÕ* ÂX„YÁ◊_Ã^„XÃ[˝
Y„Ã[˝ TgˆÁc˜Á„EıcÕ LG„TˆÃ[˝ Ê`“úˆ Eı∂ˆÇÔ[˝›Ã[˝ [˝_Á ^ÁÃ^* AcÕÃ[˝÷Y [˝Ó◊N˛ ÂEıX AcÕ-
Ã[˝÷Y X èa =YÁ„Ã^ AcÕ Eı‰PˆÁÃ[˝ EıÁ^ÔÓ a]ÁW˝ÁX Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÊªJÙrÙÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„_X? EıTÊı
Y◊Ã[˝]Á„S %◊Tˆ◊Ã[˝N˛ ÂV`◊c˜ÍTˆ◊bTˆÁÃ^ C aÁ∂ÉˆÁLÓ◊_¥aÁÃ^* \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ ◊[˝\…ˆ◊TˆC
]ÁX[˝`Ã[˝›„Ã[˝ %[˝TˆÃ[˝S Eı◊Ã[˝„_ ]ÁX[˝ ÿëˆ\ˆÁ[˝ ◊XL ◊X∂ˆÇÔ_ [˝«◊à˘Ã[˝ =YÃ[˝ %Á„Ã[˝ÁY
Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á LG„TˆÃ[˝ EıÁ^ÔÓ Eı„Ã[˝X* cÕ„TˆÁ LÁYÁX›, Â^]X LÁYÁX›Ã[˝ mS ÂTˆ]XcÕ
LÁYÁX›Ã[˝ ÂVÁb TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ `Ã[˝›„Ã[˝ ◊[˝VÓ]ÁX ◊ªK˜_* ÂEıÁ◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ^◊V ◊ªJÙÃ[˝EıÁ_ LÁYÁX-
aÁ∂ÉˆÁ„LÓÃ[˝ %‹ôˆGÔTˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á UÁ„Eı, TˆÁc˜Á c˜cÕ„_ LÁYÁ„XÃ[˝ ÂGÏÃ[˝[˝ C [˝_[˝ ◊à˘ c˜cÕ„[˝
A[˝e =w¯Ã[˝ %Á◊aÃ^ÁÃ^ TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Y“◊TˆúˆÁ C ◊[˝ÿôˆÁ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ YU ◊Xõı∞ªRÙOEı c˜cÕ„[˝* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ
%ÁÃ[˝ AEı EıÁÃ[˝S ◊XSÔÃ^ EıÃ[˝Á ^ÁÃ^ --- ÿëÊ ıTˆ YÁ„YÃ[˝ Zı„_ ÂEıÁ◊Ã[˝Ã^Á[˝Áa›„Eı AcÕ
_Ás˙XÁ Â\ˆÁG Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ c˜cÕ_* ^FX ◊[˝LÁTˆ›Ã^ ◊[˝„V`›Ã^ ◊[˝W˝∂ˆÇfi Ã[˝”`Ã[˝ÁLÓ ÂEıÁ◊Ã[˝Ã^ÁÃ^
TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ a[[˝ÔXÁ`› ◊[˝ÿôˆÁÃ[˝ %ÁÃ[˝êˆ Eı◊Ã[˝_, TˆFX ÂEıÁ◊Ã[˝Ã^Á[˝Áa›Ã[˝ ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁ◊_¥aÁ
LÁ„G XÁcÕ, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁXÁ„`Ã[˝ \ˆ„Ã^ %Á`◊·¯Tˆ c˜Ã^ XÁcÕ, [˝Ã[˝e ªJÙ›„XÃ[˝ ◊[˝„•„b,
LÁYÁ„XÃ[˝ ◊[˝„•„b Ã[˝”„`Ã[˝ a◊c˜Tˆ a◊µ˘ C aFÓÿöˆÁYX Y…[[˝ÔEı ◊X„LÃ[˝ ◊[˝XÁ`,
LÁYÁ„XÃ[˝ ◊[˝XÁ`, ªJÙ›„XÃ[˝ ◊[˝XÁ`, a]ÿôˆ %Á◊aÃ^ÁF„â¯Ã[˝ ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁÃ[˝ ◊[˝XÁ„` LÁ◊XÃ^Á
[˝«◊MıÃ^Á aÁc˜Á^Ó Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ◊ªK˜_* AcÕ YÁY aÁ]ÁXÓ YÁY X„c˜; EıTÊıÁ_ ÂEıÁ◊Ã[˝Ã^Á„Eı
TˆÁc˜Á[Ã ˝ Y“Á^Ã ◊∏JÙw¯ \«ˆ◊G„Tˆ c˜c˜„O [˝, TˆÁc˜Á[Ã ˝ c˜^ÃO w¯Á XÁc˜*O %Á[˝Á[Ã ˝ ^FX LÁYÁX %Á◊aÃ^ÁÃ[˝
Ã[˝l˘Eı C Y◊Ã[˝yÁTˆÁ c˜cÕÃ^Á ÂEıÁ◊Ã[˝Ã^ÁÃ^ %[˝TˆÃ[˝S Eı◊Ã[˝_, Ã[˝”`„Eı =w¯Ã[˝ %Á◊aÃ^ÁÃ[˝
ÂEı{Á c˜cÕ„Tˆ %î◊V„X ◊[˝V…◊Ã[˝Tˆ Eı◊Ã[˝_, ÂEıÁ◊Ã[˝Ã^Á[˝Áa› TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Â`üTˆ[˝SÔ [˝µ«˘Ã[˝ V«f„F
V«fF› c˜cÕÃ^Á LÁYÁ„XÃ[˝ ◊[˝Ã[˝”à˘ÁªJÙÃ[˝S Eı◊Ã[˝_* Â`„b ^FX LÁYÁ„XÃ[˝ %TˆÓÁªJÙÁ„Ã[˝
%W˝›Ã[˝ c˜cÕ_, TˆFXC ÿëˆ›Ã^ ]X«bÓ±ºˆ [˝„_ =◊Pˆ[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÊªJÙrÙÁ XÁ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á Y“U] Ã[˝”„`Ã[˝
a◊c˜Tˆ ^QÕˆ^‹óˆ, Y„Ã[˝ TˆÁc˜Á„TˆC ◊[˝Zı_]„XÁÃ[˝U c˜cÕÃ^Á Ã^«„Ã[˝Á„YÃ[˝ •Á„Ã[˝ EgıÁ≈◊V[˝ÁÃ[˝
LXÓ YÁ∏JÙÁTˆÓ„V„` Y“◊Tˆ◊X◊W˝ YÁPˆÁcÕ_* ◊Eı %Á∏JÙ^ÔÓ Y“„\ˆV! `y”◊XY›◊QÕˆTˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á
LÁYÁX C ªJÙ›X ^FX Ã^«„Ã[˝Á„Y Y“◊Tˆ◊X◊W˝aIH (Commission) YÁPˆÁcÕ_, Âa ◊Eı
=„Å„`Ó ÂG_? `y”Ã[˝ ]„W˝Ó ◊Eı ◊[˝VÓÁ, ◊Eı mS, ◊Eı Y“SÁ_› C ` Ö_Á %Á‰ªK˜
^Ác˜ÁÃ[˝ •ÁÃ[˝Á TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á %„LÃ^ C V«à˘¤bÔ YÃ[˝Áy‘]`Á_› c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜, TˆÁc˜Á LÁ◊XÃ^Á
ÿëˆ„V„` ÂacÕ ◊[˝VÓÁ, mS, Y“SÁ_› C ` Ö_Á aeÿöˆÁYX Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁ Ã[˝l˘Á C
`y”Ã[˝ ◊[˝XÁ„`Ã[˝ YU =XΩ∆N˛ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝Á[Ã ˝ LXÓ ÂacÕ Y“◊Tˆ◊X◊W˝aIH YÁPˆÁc˜[O ˝Á[Ã ˝ =„Å`Ó*
%ÁÃ[˝ ÂacÕ %[˝ÿˆö Á^Ã ÂEıÁ◊Ã[˝^Ã Á[˝Áa›Ã[˝ Y“◊Tˆ◊X◊W˝aIH ÂEıX ^Ã „« [Ã ˝Á„Y Kª ˜« ◊Rª Ù_O ? %UÔ„_Á_«Y,
YÃ[˝„V`„_Á_«Y YÁ∏JÙÁTˆÓ LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ ◊XEıªRÙO EgıÁ≈◊VÃ^Á TˆÁc˜Á◊VG„Eı LÁYÁ„XÃ[˝ ◊[˝Ã[˝”„à˘
=„w¯◊LTˆ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ ÂacÕ ◊\ˆl«˘Eı^ÁyÁÃ[˝ =„Å`Ó* ]…FÔC LÁ„X Â^ E ıTÊıÁ^ÔÓ
c˜cÕ„_ LÁYÁ„XÃ[˝ a[[˝ÔXÁ` c˜cÕTˆ, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ÂEıÁ◊Ã[˝Ã^ÁÃ[˝ ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁ_Á\ˆ c˜cÕTˆ XÁ* AcÕ
ÂEıÁ◊Ã[˝Ã^Á C LÁYÁX 123
X›ªJÙTˆÁ, AcÕ [˝ÁÃ[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ ]c˜ÁYÁTÊı %ÁªJÙÃ[˝„SÃ[˝ Zı„_ ÂEıÁ◊Ã[˝Ã^Á[˝Áa› AFX ◊l˘äY“ÁÃ^

c˜cÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜* ◊c˜„Ã[˝Á[˝…◊] cÕ„TˆÁ ÂV◊F„_X Â^ ÂEıÁ◊Ã[˝Ã^Á[˝Áa› LÁYÁX› c˜cÕ„Tˆ ÿëˆTˆ‹óˆ
UÁ◊Eı„_ AcÕ V«[[˝Ô„_Ã[˝ ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁ-ÊªJÙrÙÁÃ^ AEı◊VX YÁ∏JÙÁTˆÓ `y” LÁYÁ„XÃ[˝,
%Á◊aÃ^ÁF„â¯[Ã ˝ ◊[˝XÁ` Eı◊[Ã ˝[˝Á[Ã ˝ a«◊[˝W˝Á_Á\ˆ Eı◊[Ã ˝„[˝Xc˜,O Y_Á`›Ã[˝ EıÁâ¯ Y…[[˝Ô %Á◊aÃ^ÁÃ^
Y«XÃ[˝◊\ˆX›Tˆ c˜cÕ„[˝, ÂacÕ LXÓ ÂEıÁ◊Ã[˝Ã^ÁÃ[˝ ÿëˆÁTˆ‹óˆÓ ◊[˝XÁ` EıÃ[˝Á %Á±¡Ã[˝l˘ÁÃ[˝ Ê`“úˆ
=YÁÃ^* AEı[˝ÁÃ[˝ E ıTˆ◊X∏JÙÃ^ c˜cÕÃ^Á Eı∂ˆÇÔ[˝›Ã[˝ %ÁÃ[˝ ◊X◊Å¤rÙ YU c˜cÕ„Tˆ ªRÙO„_X XÁ*
cÕ„TˆÁ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ a]ÿôˆ `◊N˛, Y“◊Tˆ\ˆÁ, ◊[˝VÓÁ Y“„Ã^ÁG Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á X›Ã[˝[˝ ◊X„πYbS •ÁÃ[˝Á
ÂEıÁ◊Ã[˝Ã^ÁÃ[˝ ÿëˆÁTˆ‹óˆÓ◊[˝XÁ„` ◊X^«N˛ c˜cÕ„_X*
YÁ„YÃ[˝ Y“ÁÃ^◊∏JÙw¯ c˜cÕ„[˝cÕ* %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ YÁ„YÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó V«cÕ YÁY ◊[˝„`b H SÓ C
%]Á#¤X›Ã^, y…‘Ã[˝TˆÁ C X›ªJÙTˆÁ* LÁYÁ„XÃ[˝ y…‘Ã[˝TˆÁÃ[˝ Zı„_ X[˝Ó LÁYÁ„XÃ[˝ ◊X∂ˆÇÔÁTˆÁ,
Y ◊U[˝›Ã[˝ Ê`“úˆ Eı∂ˆÇÔ[˝›Ã[˝ cÕ„TˆÁ c˜TˆÓÁEıÁÃ[˝›Ã[˝ m◊_„Tˆ ◊Xc˜Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜X* ÂEıÁ◊Ã[˝Ã^ÁÃ[˝
X›ªJÙTˆÁÃ^ TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁ C ÿëˆÁTˆ‹óˆÓ◊[˝XÁ` %[˝`ÓêˆÁ[˝› c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜* AcÕ c˜TˆÓÁÃ^
ÂEıÁ◊Ã[˝^Ã ÁÃ[˝ ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁ _Á„\ˆ[Ã ˝ ÂEıÁXC a«◊[˝W˝Á c˜c˜„O [˝ XÁ* LÁYÁX› ] Tˆ« Ó\ˆ^Ã LÁ„X XÁ,
V ªRÕÙ\ˆÁ„[˝ cÕ„TˆÁÃ[˝ Ã[˝ÁLX›◊Tˆ Â`b Y^ÔÓ‹ôˆ %X«aÃ[˝S Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝* ÂEıÁ◊Ã[˝Ã^ÁÃ[˝ ÿëˆÁTˆ‹óˆÓ ◊[˝XrÙ
c˜cÕ„[˝* \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ[˝Áa›Ã[˝ Y„l˘ ÂEıÁ◊Ã[˝Ã^ÁÃ[˝ Y◊Ã[˝SÁ„] AEı %Á[˝`ÓEı ◊`l˘Á_Á\ˆ c˜Ã^*
Â^ YÁTˆ„Eı ÂEıÁ◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ◊[˝XÁ„`ÁXΩ∆F c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜, %Á]Ã[˝Á ac˜ÿÉˆ [˝daÃ[˝ W˝◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ÂacÕ YÁY
Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á %Á◊a„Tˆ◊ªK˜, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Zı_C \«ˆ◊G„Tˆ◊ªK˜* %UªJÙ AFXC p˚Á„XÁVÃ^ c˜Ã^ XÁcÕ*
Y„Ã[˝Ã[˝ =YÃ[˝ ◊X\ˆ¤Ã[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„_ ÂEıÁXC LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ Eı_ÓÁS c˜cÕ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ XÁ, }ÁT ˆ◊[˝„Ã[˝Á„W˝
Y„Ã[˝Ã[˝ %Á`“Ã^ G–c˜„S ◊X„LÃ[˝ ◊[˝XÁ`, }ÁTˆÁÃ[˝ ◊[˝XÁ` %[˝`ÓêˆÁ[˝›* AcÕ ◊XÃ^]cÕ
LÁTˆ›Ã^TˆÁÃ[˝ Y“U] ◊XÃ^] Â^ ÿëˆ[˝„_ [˝_›Ã^ÁXÀ c˜CÃ^Á %Á[˝`ÓEı* ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ◊[˝„Ã[˝ÁW˝
◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝cÕ a]ÁW˝Á Eı◊Ã[˝[˝, Â^ AcÕ ◊XÃ^] _IHX Eı„Ã[˝, Âa ◊c˜≥V« c˜=Eı, ]«a_]ÁX
c˜=Eı, XÃ[˝]Y‹öˆ› c˜=Eı, ªJÙÃ[˝]Y‹öˆ› c˜=Eı, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ YÁ„YÃ[˝ Y“ÁÃ^◊∏ªJÙw¯ c˜cÕ„[˝cÕ*
ÂV` C LÁTˆ›Ã^TˆÁ
ÂV` LÁTˆ›Ã^TˆÁÃ[˝ Y“◊TˆúˆÁ, LÁ◊Tˆ X„c˜, W˝∂ˆÇÔ X„c˜, %ÁÃ[˝-◊EıªK«˜cÕ X„c˜, ÂEı[˝_
ÂV`* %ÁÃ[˝-aEı_ LÁTˆ›^Ã TˆÁ[Ã ˝ =YEı[Ã ˝S ÂGÏS C =YEıÁ[Ã ˝›, ÂV`cÕ ]«FÓ C %Á[˝`ÓEı*
%„XEı YÃ[˝&Ã[˝◊[˝„Ã[˝ÁW˝› LÁ◊Tˆ AEı ÂV„` ◊X[˝Áa Eı„Ã[˝, EıFXC a‡ˆÁ[˝, AEıTˆÁ,
È]y› ◊ªK˜_ XÁ, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ TˆÁc˜Á„Tˆ \ˆÃ^ ◊Eı? ^FX AEı ÂV`, AEı ]Á ---- AEı◊VX
AEıTˆÁ c˜cÕ„[˝cÕ c˜cÕ„[˝, %„XEı LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ ◊]_„X AEı [˝_[˝ÁX %„LÃ^ LÁ◊TˆcÕ c˜cÕ„[˝*
W˝∂ˆÇÔ]Tˆ AEı X„c˜, a+“VÁ„Ã^ a+“VÁ„Ã^ ◊ªJÙÃ[˝◊[˝„Ã[˝ÁW˝, ◊]_ XÁcÕ, ◊]„_Ã[˝ %Á`ÁC
XÁcÕ, TÛÁ◊Y \ˆÃ^ XÁcÕ, AEı◊VX ÿëˆ„V`]…◊wÔ¯W˝Á◊Ã[˝S› ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ Y“[˝_ ªRÙOÁ„X ªK˜„_ [˝„_,
aÁ„] V„â¯ VÁ„X ◊]_ c˜cÕ„[˝cÕ c˜cÕ„[˝, aÁ+“VÁ◊ÃÊı ◊[˝◊\ˆ~TˆÁ }ÁT ˆ\ˆÁ„[˝ ]ÁT ˆ‰Y“„]
Q«ˆ◊[˝^Ã Á ^Ác˜„O [˝* AEı ÂV„` XÁXÁ \ˆÁbÁ, \ˆÁcÕ \ˆÁc˜„O ^Ã [Ã ˝ EıUÁ [˝◊« Mı„Tˆ %l˘], YÃ[˝&„Ã[˝[Ã ˝
\ˆÁ„[˝ Y“„[˝` Eı◊Ã[˝ XÁ, c˜÷V„Ã^ c˜÷V„Ã^ %Á[˝à˘ c˜cÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ Y„U %„\ˆVÓ Y“ÁªJÙ›Ã[˝ Y◊QÕˆÃ^Á
Ã[˝◊c˜Ã^Á‰ªK˜, %◊TÊı‰rÙ _IHX Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ c˜Ã^, TÛÁ◊Y \ˆÃ^ XÁcÕ; AEı ÂV`, AEı L›[˝X,
AEı ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁÃ[˝ ÊÿÉˆÁTˆ aEı„_Ã[˝ ]„X, Y“„Ã^ÁL„XÃ[˝ ÊY“Ã[˝SÁÃ^ aÁW˝ÁÃ[˝S \ˆÁbÁ a rÙ c˜cÕ„[˝cÕ
c˜cÕ„[˝, c˜Ã^ [˝wÔ¯]ÁX AEıªRÙO› \ˆÁbÁÃ[˝ %Á◊W˝YTˆÓ ÿëˆ›E ıTˆ c˜cÕ„[˝, X„c˜ Tˆ XT«ˆX \ˆÁbÁÃ[˝
a ◊rÙ c˜cÕ„[˝, ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ ]◊≥V„Ã[˝ aEı„_ ÂacÕ \ˆÁbÁ [˝Ó[˝c˜ÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝* AcÕ aEı_ [˝ÁW˝ÁÃ^
◊ªJÙÃ[˝EıÁ_ %ÁªRÙOEıÁÃ^ XÁ, ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ Y“„Ã^ÁLX, ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ ªRÙOÁX, ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ Y“Á„SÃ[˝ [˝ÁaXÁ ◊[˝Zı_
c˜Ã^ XÁ, TˆÁc˜Á aEı_ [˝ÁW˝Á aEı_ ◊[˝„Ã[˝ÁW˝ %◊Tˆy‘] Eı„Ã[˝, ◊[˝XrÙ Eı„Ã[˝, LÃ^› c˜Ã^*
AEı ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ G„\ˆ¤ LXΩ c˜cÕÃ^Á„ªK˜, AEı ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ ÂEıÁ„_ ◊X[˝Áa Eı◊Ã[˝, AEı ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝
Yá˚\…ˆ„Tˆ ◊]◊`Ã^Á ^ÁcÕ, %Á‹ôˆ◊Ã[˝Eı ac˜ÿÉˆ ◊[˝[˝ÁV a„√º¯C ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ QˆÁ„Eı ◊]◊_Tˆ c˜cÕ[˝*
Y“ÁE ı◊TÊı ◊XÃ^] AcÕ, a[[˝Ô ÂV„`Ã[˝ cÕ◊Tˆc˜Á„aÃ[˝ ◊`l˘Á AcÕ, ÂV` LÁTˆ›Ã^TˆÁÃ[˝
Y“◊TˆúˆÁ, ÂacÕ a∂ëˆµ˘ %[˝ÓUÔ, ÿëˆ„V` UÁ◊Eı„_ LÁTˆ›Ã^TˆÁ %[˝`ÓêˆÁ[˝›* AEı ÂV„`
V«cÕ LÁ◊Tˆ ◊ªJÙÃ[˝EıÁ_ UÁ◊Eı„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ XÁ, ◊]◊_Tˆ c˜cÕ„[˝cÕ* %YÃ[˝ Y„l˘ AEı ÂV`
^◊V XÁ UÁ„Eı, LÁ◊Tˆ, W˝∂ˆÇÔ, \ˆÁbÁ AEı c˜=Eı, TˆÁc˜Á„Tˆ ÂEıÁXC Zı_ XÁcÕ, AEı◊VX
ÿëˆTˆ‹óˆ LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ a ◊rÙ c˜cÕ„[˝cÕ* ÿëˆTˆ‹óˆ ÿëˆTˆ‹óˆ ÂV` ae^«N˛ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á AEı [˝ c˜d aÁ∂ÉˆÁLÓ
Eı[Ã ˝Á ^ÁÃ^, AEı [˝c ˜d LÁ◊Tˆ c˜^Ã XÁ* aÁ∂ÉˆÁLÓ W[˝eaY“Áä c˜c˜„O _ %Á[˝Á[Ã ˝ ÿëˆTˆ‹ˆó
LÁ◊Tˆ c˜Ã^, %„XEı[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÂacÕ %‹ôˆ◊XÔ◊c˜Tˆ ÿëˆÁ\ˆÁ◊[˝Eı ÿëˆTˆ‹óˆTˆÁcÕ aÁ∂ÉˆÁLÓXÁ„`Ã[˝ EıÁÃ[˝S
c˜Ã^*
◊Eı‹ô«ˆ AcÕ Zı_ %[˝`ÓêˆÁ[˝› c˜cÕ„_C ]ÁX«„bÃ[˝ ÊªJÙrÙÁÃ^, ]ÁX«„bÃ[˝ [˝«◊à˘„Tˆ [˝Á
[˝«◊à˘Ã[˝ %\ˆÁ„[˝ ÂacÕ %[˝`ÓêˆÁ[˝› Y“ÁE ı◊TÊı ◊y‘Ã^Á a±ºˆ„Ã[˝ [˝Á ◊[˝_„∂ëˆ Zı_[˝Tˆ› c˜Ã^*
ÂV` C LÁTˆ›Ã^TˆÁ 125
%Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ÂV„` EıFXC AEıTˆÁ c˜Ã^ XÁcÕ, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ◊ªJÙÃ[˝EıÁ_ AEıTˆÁÃ[˝ ◊V„Eı ªRÙOÁX ◊ªK˜_,
ÊÿÉˆÁTˆ ◊ªK˜_, %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ cÕ◊Tˆc˜Á„a \ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝ ◊[˝◊\ˆ~ %Ü AEı Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ %ÁEıbÔS
Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜* AcÕ Y“ÁE ı◊TÊı ÊªJÙrÙÁÃ[˝ Eı„ÃÊıªRÙO› Y“W˝ÁX %‹ôˆÃ[˝ÁÃ^ ◊ªK˜_, Y“U] Y“Á„V◊Èı
◊[˝◊\ˆ~TˆÁ, ◊•Tˆ›Ã^ ◊c˜≥V«-]«a_]ÁX ◊[˝„Ã[˝ÁW˝, T ˆTˆ›Ã^ ]ÁT ˆV`Ô„XÃ[˝ %\ˆÁ[˝* ÂV„`Ã[˝
[˝c ˜d %ÁEıÁÃ[˝, ^ÁTˆÁ^Ã Á„Tˆ[Ã ˝ %ÁÃ^Áa C ◊[˝_∂ëˆ, \ˆÁbÁÃ[˝ ◊[˝◊\ˆ~TˆÁ Y“Á„V◊Èı %ÍX„EıÓÃ[˝
]«FÓ ac˜ÁÃ^* Â`„bÁN˛ %‹ôˆÃ[˝ÁÃ^ ◊\ˆ~ %ÁW˝«◊XEı È[˝p˚Á◊XEı a«◊[˝W˝Á •ÁÃ[˝Á %ÁÃ[˝-aEı_
%‹ôˆ[Ã ˝Á^Ã ◊X‰ÿôˆL c˜c˜^ÃO Á Y◊QÕˆ^Ã Á‰ªK˜* ◊c˜≥V«-]«a_]ÁX ◊[˝„[Ã ˝ÁW˝ a„√º¯C %ÁEı[˝[Ã ˝ \ˆÁ[Ã ˝Tˆ„Eı
AEı Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ a]UÔ c˜cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜„_X, DÃ[˝e„L[˝ ◊XE ırÙ Ã[˝ÁLX›◊TÊı [˝«◊à˘Ã[˝ [˝` XÁ
c˜c˜„O _ EıÁ„_Ã[˝ ]Ác˜Á„±¡Ó, %\ˆÓÁ„aÃ[˝ [˝„`, ◊[˝„V`›Ã[˝ %Áy‘]„SÃ[˝ \ˆ„^Ã , Â^]X c˜eO _„â¯
EıÁU◊_Eı C Y“‰ªRÙOrÙÁ∞ªRÙO, ÂTˆ]XcÕ \ˆÁÃ[˝„Tˆ ◊c˜≥V« C ]«a_]ÁX ◊ªJÙÃ[˝EıÁ„_Ã[˝ LXÓ AEı
c˜c˜^ÃO Á ^Ác˜TO ˆ* TgˆÁc˜Á[Ã ˝ [˝◊« à˘[Ã ˝ ÂVÁ„b [˝w¯Ô ]ÁX E…ıªRÙ[O ˝◊« à˘ Eı„^Ã EıLX c˜eO [Ã ˝ÁL [Ã ˝ÁLX›◊Tˆ◊[˝„VÃ[˝
Y“„Ã[˝ÁªJÙXÁÃ^ ÂacÕ ◊[˝„Ã[˝ÁW˝ Y“Lù◊_Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á %ÁÃ[˝ ◊X[[˝ÔÁ◊YTˆ c˜cÕ„Tˆ ªJÙÁÃ^ XÁ* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ
Y“W˝ÁX %‹ôˆÃ[˝ÁÃ^ ]ÁT ˆV`Ô„XÃ[˝ %\ˆÁ[˝* %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ Ã[˝ÁLX›◊Tˆ◊[˝VÀGS Y“ÁÃ^cÕ ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝
a+…SÔ ÿëˆÃ[˝÷Y V`ÔX Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ %a]UÔ ◊ªK˜„_X* Ã[˝S◊Ld ◊aec˜ [˝Á mÃ[˝”„GÁ◊[˝≥V
\ˆÁ[Ã ˝Tˆ]ÁTˆÁ XÁ ÂV◊FÃ^Á Yá˚XV]ÁTˆÁ ÂV◊FÃ^Á◊ªK˜„_X* ◊`[˝ÁL› C [˝ÁL›Ã[˝ÁC \ˆÁ[Ã ˝Tˆ]ÁTˆÁ
XÁ ÂV◊FÃ^Á ◊c˜≥V«Ã[˝ ]ÁTˆÁ ÂV◊FÃ^Á◊ªªK˜„_X* %XÓÁXÓ ]c˜ÁÃ[˝Ár—Ù ›Ã^ Ã[˝ÁLX›◊Tˆ◊[˝VÀ ]c˜ÁÃ[˝Ár—Ù-
]ÁTˆÁ ÂV◊FÃ^Á◊ªK˜„_X* %Á]Ã[˝ÁC [˝Ü\ˆ„ÜÃ[˝ a]„Ã^ [˝Ü]ÁTˆÁ[Ã ˝ V`ÔX_Á\ˆ Eı◊Ã[˝^Ã Á◊ªK˜_Á]
--- ÂacÕ V`ÔX %Fâ¯V`ÔX, %TÂ[˝ [˝Ü„V„`Ã[˝ \ˆÁ[˝› AEıTˆÁ C =~◊Tˆ %[˝`ÓêˆÁ[˝›,
◊Eı‹ô«ˆ \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ]ÁTˆÁÃ[˝ %Fâ¯]…◊wÔ¯ AFXC Y“EıÁ` c˜Ã^ XÁcÕ* Eıe‰G–„a Â^ \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ]ÁTˆÁÃ[˝
Y…LÁ XÁXÁÃ[˝÷Y ÿôˆ[˝‰ÿôˆÁ‰y Eı◊Ã[˝TˆÁ], Âa Eı◊îTˆ, cÕeÃ[˝Á„LÃ[˝ ac˜ªJÙÃ[˝› C ◊Y“Ã^ VÁa›,
Ê∂⁄ˆ¨K˜ Â[˝`\…ˆbÁa◊#Tˆ VÁX[˝› ]ÁÃ^Á, Âa %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ]Á X„c˜, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Y∏JÙÁ„Tˆ Y“E ıTˆ
]Á ◊X◊[˝QˆÕ %&rÙ %Á„_Á„Eı _«hıÁ◊Ã^Tˆ UÁ◊Eı^Ã Á %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ]XY“ÁS %ÁEıbSÔ Eı◊[Ã ˝„TˆX*
Â^◊VX %Fâ¯ÿëˆÃ[˝÷Y Y…SÔ ]ÁT ˆ]…◊wÔ¯ V`ÔX Eı◊Ã[˝[˝, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Ã[˝÷Y_Á[˝„SÓ ]«Ñ˘ c˜cÕÃ^Á
TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ EıÁ„^ÔÓ L›[˝X =daGÔ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ =XΩw¯ c˜cÕ[˝, Âa◊VX A %‹ôˆÃ[˝ÁÃ^
◊Tˆ„Ã[˝Á◊c˜Tˆ c˜cÕ„[˝, \ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝ AEıTˆÁ, ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁ C =~◊Tˆ ac˜LaÁW˝Ó c˜cÕ„[˝* \ˆÁbÁÃ[˝
Â\ˆ„V %ÁÃ[˝ [˝ÁW˝Á c˜cÕ„[˝ XÁ, aEı„_ ÿëˆ ÿëˆ ]ÁT ˆ\ˆÁbÁ Ã[˝l˘Á Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^ÁC aÁW˝ÁÃ[˝S \ˆÁbÁ-
Ã[˝÷„Y ◊c˜≥V› \ˆÁbÁ„Eı G–c˜S Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ÂacÕ %‹ôˆÃ[˝ÁÃ^ ◊[˝XrÙ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝** ◊c˜≥V«]«a_]ÁX-
„\ˆ„VÃ[˝ Y“E ıTˆ ]›]ÁeaÁ =‡ˆÁ[˝X Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝[˝* ]ÁT ˆV`Ô„XÃ[˝ %\ˆÁ„[˝ ÂacÕ
* YÃ[˝[˝w¯fiEıÁ„_ `“›%Ã[˝◊[˝≥V aÁW˝ÁÃ[˝S \ˆÁbÁÃ[˝÷„Y ◊c˜≥V›Ã[˝ ÿöˆÁ„X aeï ıTˆ \ˆÁbÁÃ[˝ EıUÁ [˝„_X* ---- a
%‹ôˆÃ[˝ÁÃ^XÁ„`Ã[˝ [˝_[˝Tˆ› cÕ¨K˜Á XÁcÕ [˝◊_Ã^Á =YÁÃ^ =‡ˆÁ◊[˝Tˆ c˜Ã^ XÁ, ◊[˝„Ã[˝ÁW˝ Tˆ›[˝–
c˜cÕ„Tˆ ªJÙ◊_Ã^Á‰ªK˜* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ %Fâ¯ÿëˆÃ[˝÷Y ªJÙÁcÕ, ^◊V ◊c˜≥V«Ã[˝ ]ÁTˆÁ, ◊c˜≥V« LÁTˆ›Ã^TˆÁÃ[˝
Y“◊TˆúˆÁ [˝◊_Ã^Á ]ÁT ˆV`Ô„XÃ[˝ %ÁEıÁIl˘Á ÂYÁbS Eı◊Ã[˝, ÂacÕ Y«Ã[˝ÁTˆX }„] Y◊TˆTˆ
c˜cÕÃ^Á LÁTˆ›Ã^TˆÁÃ[˝ Y…SÔ ◊[˝EıÁ„` [˝◊á˚Tˆ c˜cÕ[˝*
%Á]Á„VÃ[˝ %Á`Á
%Á]Á„VÃ[˝ [˝Áß[˝_ XÁcÕ, ^«„à˘Ã[˝ =YEıÃ[˝S XÁcÕ, ◊`l˘Á XÁcÕ, Ã[˝ÁL`◊N˛ XÁcÕ,
%Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ◊Eı„a„Tˆ %Á`Á, ÂEıÁUÁÃ^ ÂacÕ [˝_ ^Ác˜ÁÃ[˝ \ˆÃ[˝aÁÃ^ %Á]Ã[˝Á Y“[˝_ ◊`◊l˘Tˆ
^Ã „« [Ã ˝ÁY›Ã^ LÁ◊Tˆ[Ã ˝ %aÁW˝Ó EıÁL aÁW˝X Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ Y“^Ã Áa› c˜c˜?O Y◊â¯Tˆ C ◊[˝p˚[˝Ó◊N˛GS
[˝„_X, cÕc˜Á [˝Á_„EıÃ[˝ =ÅÁ] V«Ã[˝Á`Á, =¨JÙ %ÁV„`ÔÃ[˝ ]„V =XΩw¯ %◊[˝„[˝Eı› Â_Á„EıÃ[˝
`…XÓ ÿëˆY¬, ^«à˘cÕ ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁ_Á„\ˆÃ[˝ AEı]Áy Y‹öˆÁ, %Á]Ã[˝Á ^«à˘ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ %a]UÔ*
ÿëˆ›EıÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝_Á], %Á]Ã[˝Á ^«à˘ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ %a]UÔ, %Á]Ã[˝ÁC ^«à˘ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÃ[˝Á]`Ô
◊VcÕ XÁ* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ cÕc˜Á ◊Eı aTˆÓEıUÁ Â^ [˝Áß[˝_cÕ `◊N˛Ã[˝ %ÁW˝ÁÃ[˝, XÁ `◊N˛ %ÁÃ[˝C
G…ªRÕÙ, G\ˆ›Ã[˝ ]…_ c˜cÕ„Tˆ ◊Xfa Tˆ c˜Ã^? aEı„_ ÿëˆ›EıÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ [˝ÁW˝Ó Â^ ÂEı[˝_]Áy
[˝Áß[˝„_ ÂEıÁX ◊[˝Ã[˝ÁªRÙO EıÁ^ÔÓ aÁ◊W˝Tˆ c˜CÃ^Á %aêˆ[˝* ^◊V V«cÕ YÃ[˝&Ã[˝◊[˝„Ã[˝ÁW˝›
a]ÁX [˝_`Á_› `◊N˛Ã[˝ aeHbÔ c˜Ã^, ^Ác˜ÁÃ[˝ ÈX◊TÊı C ]ÁX◊aEı [˝_ %◊W˝Eı,
^Ác˜ÁÃ[˝ BEıÓ, aÁcã, %W˝Ó[˝aÁÃ^, =daÁc˜, V ªRÕÙY“◊Tˆp˚Á, ÿëˆÁUÔTˆÓÁG =dE ırÙ, ^Ác˜ÁÃ[˝
◊[˝VÓÁ, [˝◊« à˘, Jª ÙTˆ« [Ã ˝TˆÁ, Tˆ›©¬˘V◊ rÙ, V…[Ã ˝V◊`ÔTˆÁ, =YÁÃ^-=‡ˆÁ[˝X›-`◊N˛ ◊[˝Eı◊`Tˆ, TˆÁc˜Á[Ã ˝cÕ
LÃ^ ◊X∏JÙÃ^ c˜cÕ„[˝* A]X ◊Eı [˝Áß[˝„_, aeFÓÁÃ^, =YEıÃ[˝„S Â^ %„Yl˘ÁE ıTˆ c˜›X,
Âa-C ÈX◊TÊı C ]ÁX◊aEı [˝„_Ã[˝ =dEı„bÔ Y“[˝_ Y“◊Tˆ•≥•›„Eı c˜PˆÁcÕ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝*
cÕc˜ÁÃ[˝ V rÙÁ‹ôˆ cÕ◊Tˆc˜Á„aÃ[˝ Y“„TˆÓEı Y úˆÁÃ^ ◊_◊FTˆ Ã[˝◊c˜Ã^Á‰ªK˜* Tˆ„[˝ [˝◊_„Tˆ YÁÃ[˝ Â^,
[˝Áß[˝_ %„Yl˘Á ÈX◊TÊı C ]ÁX◊aEı [˝„_Ã[˝ mÃ[˝”±ºˆ %Á‰ªK˜, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ [˝Áß[˝_ XÁ
UÁ◊Eı„_ ÈX◊TÊı [˝_ C ]ÁX◊aEı [˝_„Eı ÂEı Ã[˝l˘Á Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝? ÛÁUÔ EıUÁ* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ
cÕc˜ÁC ÂVFÁ ◊GÃ^Á‰ªK˜ Â^ V«cÕ ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁY“SÁ_›, V«cÕ a+“VÁÃ^, V«cÕ YÃ[˝&Ã[˝◊[˝„Ã[˝ÁW˝›
a\ˆÓTˆÁÃ[˝ aeH„bÔ Â^-Y„l˘Ã[˝ ◊V„Eı [˝Áß[˝_, Ã[˝ÁL`◊N˛, ^«„à˘Ã[˝ =YEıÃ[˝S Y“\ ˆ◊Tˆ
=YÁÃ^ Y…SÔ]ÁyÁÃ^ ◊ªK˜_, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ YÃ[˝ÁLÃ^ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜, Â^-Y„l˘Ã[˝ ◊V„Eı AcÕ aEı_
=YÁÃ^ %ÁV„[˝ ◊ªK˜_ XÁ, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ LÃ^ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜* AcÕ Zı„_Ã[˝ È[˝YÃ[˝›TˆÓ ÂEıX c˜Ã^?
^„TˆÁ W˝∂ˆÇÔÿôˆ„TˆÁ LÃ^f, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ ◊YªK˜„X `◊N˛ ªJÙÁcÕ, X‰ªJÙd %W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ %\«ˆÓxÁX,
W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ G¿Á◊X ÿöˆÁÃ^› UÁ◊Eı[˝ÁÃ[˝ EıUÁ* ◊[˝XÁ EıÁÃ[˝„S EıÁ^ÔÓ c˜Ã^ XÁ* L„Ã^Ã[˝ EıÁÃ[˝S
`◊N˛* ÂEıÁXÀ `◊N˛„Tˆ V«[[˝Ô_ Y„l˘Ã[˝ ◊LTˆ c˜Ã^, Y“[˝_ Y„l˘Ã[˝ `◊N˛ YÃ[˝Á◊LTˆ
[˝Á ◊[˝XrÙ c˜Ã^? %Á]Ã[˝Á B◊Tˆc˜Á◊aEı V rÙÁ‹ôâEı_ YÃ[˝›l˘Á Eı◊Ã[˝„_ [˝«◊Mı„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝[˝,
%ÁW˝ÓÁ◊≈±¡Eı `◊N˛Ã[˝ [˝„_ AcÕ %HªRÙOX H◊ªRÙOÃ^Á‰ªK˜, %ÁW˝ÓÁ◊≈±¡Eı `◊N˛cÕ [˝Áß[˝_„Eı
T«ˆ¨K˜ Eı◊[Ã ˝^Ã Á ]ÁX[˝LÁ◊Tˆ„Eı LÁXÁÃ^ Â^ AcÕ LGd \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ [Ã ˝ÁLÓ, %µ˘ ÿöˆ…_Y“Eı ◊Tˆ[Ã ˝
_›_Á„l˘y X„c˜* £à˘ %Á±¡Á `◊N˛Ã[˝ =da, Â^ %ÁVÓÁY“E ı◊Tˆ GG„X %^«Tˆ a…^ÔÓ
H«[Ã ˝Ác˜„O Tˆ UÁ„Eı, %Ü«◊_&„`Ô Y ◊U[˝› ÂVÁ_Ác˜^ÃO Á ]ÁX„[˝[Ã ˝ a rÙ Y…[[˝„Ô GÏÃ[˝„[˝[Ã ˝ ◊ªJÙc˜‘aEı_
W[˝ea Eı„Ã[˝, ÂacÕ %ÁVÓÁY“E ı◊Tˆ £à˘ %Á±¡ÁÃ[˝ %W˝›X* ÂacÕ Y“E ı◊Tˆ %aêˆ[˝„Eı
aêˆ[˝ Eı„Ã[˝, ]…Eı„Eı [˝ÁªJÙÁ_ Eı„Ã[˝, YÜ«„Eı ◊G◊Ã[˝ ={IHX Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ `◊N˛ ÂVÃ^*
a]ÿôˆ LGd ÂacÕ `◊N˛Ã[˝ a ◊rÙ* ^Ác˜ÁÃ[˝ %ÁW˝ÓÁ◊≈±¡Eı [˝_ ◊[˝Eı◊`Tˆ TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ L„Ã^Ã[˝
=YEıÃ[˝S %ÁY◊XcÕ a rÙ c˜Ã^, [˝ÁW˝Á◊[˝Y◊w¯ %ÁY◊X a◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ◊GÃ^Á %X«E…ı_ %[˝ÿöˆÁ
%ÁXÁÃ^, EıÁ^ÔÓ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ l˘]TˆÁ %ÁY◊XcÕ Z«ı◊ªRÙOÃ^Á ÂTˆL◊ÿëˆX› C ◊l˘Y“G◊Tˆ c˜Ã^*
Ã^«„Ã[˝ÁY %ÁLEıÁ_ AcÕ soul-force [˝Á %ÁW˝ÓÁ◊≈±¡Eı `◊N˛„Eı %Á◊[˝õıÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜,
AFXC TˆÁc˜Á„Tˆ a+…SÔ ◊[˝`üÁa XÁcÕ, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ \ˆÃ[˝aÁÃ^ EıÁ^ÔÓ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ Y“[˝ ◊w¯ c˜Ã^
XÁ* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ \ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝ ◊`l˘Á, a\ˆÓTˆÁ, ÂGÏÃ[˝[˝, [˝_, ]c˜„√º¯Ã[˝ ]…„_ %ÁW˝ÓÁ◊≈±¡Eı `◊N˛*
^Tˆ[˝ÁÃ[˝ \ˆÁÃ[˝TˆLÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ ◊[˝XÁÈıÁ_ %Áa~ [˝◊_Ã^Á aEı„_Ã[˝ Y“Tˆ›◊Tˆ c˜cÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ EıUÁ
◊ªK˜_, %ÁW˝ÓÁ◊≈±¡Eı [˝_ mä =da c˜cÕ„Tˆ =G–‰ÿÉˆÁ„Tˆ Y“[˝Á◊c˜Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á ]«]…b«Ô \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ„Eı
Y«XÃ[˝”#›◊[˝Tˆ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜, %ÁÃ[˝ aEı_ =Y„^ÁG› `◊N˛C a LX Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜* AFXC
ÂacÕ =da £EıÁc˜^ÃO Á ^ÁÃ^ XÁc˜,O %ÁLC ÂacÕ %‡«ˆTˆ ] Tˆ« ÓtÃ^ `◊N˛Ã[˝ y‘›QÕˆÁ c˜c˜„O Tˆ‰Kª ˜*
◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ÿöˆ…_LG„TˆÃ[˝ aEı_ `◊N˛Ã[˝ ◊[˝EıÁ` a]ÃâÁ„Yl˘, %[˝ÿöˆÁÃ[˝ =Y^«N˛ y‘„]
a]«‰V–Ã[˝ \ˆÁªRÙOÁ C ÂLÁÃ^Á„Ã[˝Ã[˝ XÓÁÃ^ Eı◊]Ã^Á-[˝Á◊QÕˆÃ^Á Â`„b a+…SÔ EıÁ^ÔÓEıÃ[˝› c˜Ã^*
%Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ]„W˝ÓC TˆÁc˜ÁcÕ c˜c˜„O Tˆ‰Kª ˜* AFX a+…SÔ \ˆÁRª ÙÁO , ÂLÁÃ^Á„Ã[˝[Ã ˝ ]«c˜… „wÔ¯[Ã ˝ %„Yl˘Á^Ã
Ã[˝◊c˜Ã^Á◊ªK˜* ]c˜ÁY«Ã[˝”b„VÃ[˝ TˆYaÓÁ, ÿëˆÁUÔTˆÓÁG›Ã[˝ EırÙÿëˆ›EıÁÃ[˝, aÁcã›Ã[˝ %Á±¡◊[˝a#¤X,
Â^ÁG›Ã[˝ Â^ÁG`◊N˛, p˚ÁX›Ã[˝ p˚ÁXaá˚ÁÃ[˝, aÁW˝«Ã[˝ £à˘TˆÁ, %ÁW˝ÓÁ◊≈±¡Eı [˝„_Ã[˝ =da*
AEı[˝ÁÃ[˝ AcÕ XÁXÁ◊[˝W˝ Y«SÓ \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ„Eı at›[˝X› a«W˝ÁÃ^ \ˆÁaÁcÕÃ^Á ] Tˆ LÁ◊Tˆ„Eı
L›◊[˝Tˆ, [˝◊_úˆ, ÂTˆLÿëˆ› Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á T«ˆ◊_Ã^Á◊ªK˜_, %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÂacÕ Tˆ„YÁ[˝_ ◊X„LÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó
◊XÃ[˝”à˘ c˜c˜^ÃO Á %V]Ó, %„LÃ^ c˜c˜^ÃO Á [˝Á◊c˜[Ã ˝ c˜c˜„O Tˆ =VÓTˆ c˜c˜^ÃO Á‰ªK˜* Eı„ÃÊı [˝da„Ã[˝[Ã ˝
◊XY›QÕˆX, V«[[˝Ô_TˆÁ C YÃ[˝ÁL„Ã^Ã[˝ Zı„_ \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ[˝Áa› ◊X„LÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó `◊N˛Ã[˝ =da
%„XübS Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ ◊`◊F„Tˆ‰ªK˜* [˝N ˛TˆÁÃ[˝ =„w¯LXÁ X„c˜, Ê∂⁄ˆ¨K˜Vw¯ ◊[˝VÓÁ X„c˜,
a\ˆÁa◊]◊TˆÃ[˝ \ˆÁ[˝aá˚Á◊Ã[˝S› `◊N˛ X„c˜, ae[˝ÁVY‰yÃ[˝ l˘SÿöˆÁÃ^› ÊY“Ã[˝SÁ X„c˜,
◊X„LÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó %Á±¡ÁÃ[˝ ◊[˝`Á_ X›Ã[˝[˝TˆÁÃ^ \ˆG[˝ÁX C L›„[˝Ã[˝ ae„^Á„G Â^ G\ˆ›Ã[˝
%◊[˝ªJÙ◊_Tˆ %}Á‹ôˆ £à˘ a«FV«fFLÃ^› YÁYY«SÓ[˝◊#¤Tˆ `◊N˛ aê…ˆTˆ c˜Ã^, ÂacÕ
]c˜Áa ◊rÙEıÁ◊Ã[˝S›, ]c˜ÁY“_Ã^·¯Ã[˝›, ]c˜Á◊ÿöˆ◊Tˆ`Á◊_X›, p˚ÁXVÁ◊Ã^X› ]c˜ÁaÃ[˝ÿëˆTˆ›,
B`ü^ÔÓVÁ◊Ã^X› ]c˜Á_©ø›, `◊N˛VÁ◊Ã^X› ]c˜ÁEıÁ_›, ÂacÕ ac˜ÿÉˆ ÂTˆ„LÃ[˝ ae„^ÁL„X
AEı›\…ˆTˆÁ ªJÙâ¯› Y“EıªRÙO c˜cÕÃ^Á \ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝ Eı_ÓÁ„S C LG„TˆÃ[˝ Eı_ÓÁ„S E ı„TˆÁVÓ]
c˜cÕ„[˝* \ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝ ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁ ÂGÏS =„Å`Ó ]Áy, ]«FÓ =„Å`Ó \ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝ a\ˆÓTˆÁÃ[˝
%Á]Á„VÃ[˝ %Á`Á 129
`◊N˛Y“V`ÔX A[˝e LGd]Ã^ ÂacÕ a\ˆÓTˆÁÃ[˝ ◊[˝ÿôˆÁÃ[˝ C %◊W˝EıÁÃ[˝* %Á]Ã[˝Á ^◊V

YÁ∏JÙÁTˆÓ a\ˆÓTˆÁÃ[˝ [˝„_, a\ˆÁa◊]◊TˆÃ[˝ [˝„_, [˝N ˛TˆÁÃ[˝ ÂLÁ„Ã[˝, [˝Áß[˝„_, ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁ
[˝Á ÿëˆÁÃ^w¯`ÁaX %ÁVÁÃ^ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝TˆÁ], ÂacÕ ]«FÓ =„Å`Ó aÁ◊W˝ªTˆ c˜cÕTˆ XÁ*
\ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ›Ã^ a\ˆÓTˆÁÃ[˝ [˝„_, %ÁW˝ÓÁ◊≈±¡Eı `◊N˛„Tˆ, %ÁW˝ÓÁ◊≈±¡Eı `◊N˛Ã[˝ a rÙ a…©ø C
ÿöˆ…_ =YÁ„Ã^ ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁ %#¤X Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ c˜cÕ„[˝* ÂacÕLXÓ \ˆG[˝ÁX %Á]Á„VÃ[˝
YÁ∏JÙÁTˆÓ\ˆÁ[˝^«N˛ %Á„≥VÁ_X W[˝ea Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á [˝◊c˜]«ÔF› `◊N˛„Eı %‹ôˆ]«ÔF› Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X*
[˝–°˘[˝Áµ˘[˝ =YÁW˝ÓÁÃ^ ◊V[˝ÓªJÙl«˘„Tˆ ^Ác˜Á ÂV◊FÃ^Á◊ªK˜„_X, ÂV◊FÃ^Á [˝ÁÃ[˝ [˝ÁÃ[˝ [˝◊_„TˆX,
`◊N˛„Eı %‹ôˆ]«ÔF› EıÃ[˝, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ a]„Ã^Ã[˝ ÂVÁ„b TˆFX ÂEıc˜ TˆÁc˜Á Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ XÁcÕ,
ÿëˆÃê Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝X XÁcÕ, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ \ˆG[˝ÁX %ÁL TˆÁc˜Á HªRÙOÁcÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜X* \ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝ `◊N˛
%‹ôˆ]«ÔF› c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜* ^FX %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ [˝◊c˜]«ÔF› c˜cÕ„[˝, %ÁÃ[˝ ÂacÕ ÊÿÉˆÁTˆ ◊Zı◊Ã[˝„[˝ XÁ,
ÂEıc˜ ÂÃ[˝ÁW˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝„[˝ XÁ* ÂacÕ ◊≈y„_ÁEıYÁ[˝X› GÜÁ \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ Y¿Á◊[˝Tˆ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á,
Y ◊U[˝› Y¿Á◊[˝Tˆ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á %] Tˆ&„`Ô LG„TˆÃ[˝ X…TˆX Â^Ï[˝X %ÁXÃ^X Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝*
%Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ◊XÃ[˝Á`Á
ÂacÕ◊VX %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ %Á`Á ◊Eı, TˆÁc˜Á ◊_◊FÃ^Á◊ªK˜_Á]; %ÁL %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ◊XÃ[˝Á`ÁÃ[˝
EıUÁ ◊_◊F„Tˆ c˜c˜_O * %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ %Á`Á, \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ E ıYÁÃ^, %ÁW˝ÓÁ◊≈±¡Eı [˝„_Ã[˝ [˝◊ à˘„Tˆ
%Á]Ã[˝Á [˝_[˝ÁX, ÂTˆL›Ã^ÁX, ac˜ÁÃ^[˝ÁX c˜cÕÃ^Á LÁTˆ›Ã^ =dEıbÔ, ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁ, ]c˜√º¯
_Á\ˆ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝* %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ◊XÃ[˝Á`Á, Â^ Y‹öˆÁ C =YÁÃ^ ◊Xà˘¤ÁÃ[˝S Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜_Á] TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝
aÁ+“Tˆ Zı_[˝w¯Á a∂ëˆ„µ˘* %Á]Ã[˝Á %Á`Á Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜_Á], È[˝W˝ C ◊X„Å¤Áb =YÁÃ^
%[˝_∂ëˆX Eı◊[Ã ˝^Ã Á, aÁcã, V Rª ÙÕ TˆÁ, `Á‹ôˆ TˆÁ[Ã ˝ a◊c˜Tˆ LÁTˆ›^Ã %Á„≥VÁ_X %Á[˝Á[Ã ˝ LÁGÁc˜^ÃO Á
C a«Y„U ªJÙÁ_ÁcÕÃ^Á %Á]Ã[˝Á V«cÕ %◊Tˆ Y“„Ã^ÁLX›Ã^ =„Å`Ó ◊aà˘ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝[˝*
Y“U], Â_Á„Eı[Ã ˝ ]„X È[˝W˝ =YÁ„Ã^[Ã ˝ Ê`“úˆTˆÁ^Ã C Zı_[˝w¯Á^Ã a+…SÔ ◊[˝`Áü a =dYÁVX
EıÃ[˝Ác˜^ÃO Á AFX Â^ mäc˜TˆÓÁ C [˝_Y“„^Ã Á„GÃ[˝ ◊V„Eı ^«[˝Eı„VÃ[˝ ]„XÃ[˝ %ÁEıbSÔ c˜c˜„O Tˆ‰Kª ˜,
TˆÁc˜Á [˝µ˘ Eı◊[Ã ˝„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝[˝* ◊•Tˆ›^Ã Tˆ, [Ã ˝ÁLY«[Ã ˝”bGS„Eı È[˝W˝ Y“◊Tˆ„[Ã ˝Á„W˝[Ã ˝ [˝„_ a\ˆÓ
=YÁ„Ã^ V«cÕ LÁ◊Tˆ[Ã ˝ ◊c˜„Tˆ[Ã ˝ aeHbÔL◊XTˆ ^«à˘ Jª ÙÁ_Ác˜[O ˝Á[Ã ˝ %Á[˝`ÓEıTˆÁ c˜÷V^Ã Ü] Eı[Ã ˝Ác˜^ÃO Á
ÂV„`Ã[˝ =~◊Tˆ aÁW˝X Eı◊[Ã ˝[˝ A[˝e ÂV„`Ã[˝ ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁ y‘„] y‘„] %ÁVÁÃ^ Eı◊[Ã ˝[˝*
%Á]Á„VÃ[˝ AFXC ◊[˝`Áü a Â^ AcÕ =YÁÃ^ %[˝_∂ëˆX Eı◊[Ã ˝„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝„_ V«c˜RªO Ù›O cÕ =„Å`Ó
◊aà˘ c˜c˜„O [˝* ◊Eı‹ˆ«ô ÂacÕ =YÁÃ^ %[˝_∂ëˆX Eı[Ã ˝Á AEıYE“ ıÁ[Ã ˝ %aÁW˝Ó c˜c˜^ÃO Á =◊Pˆ„Tˆ‰Kª ˜*
Y“U] %‹ôˆÃ[˝ÁÃ^, Â_Á„EıÃ[˝ %XÁÿöˆÁ C =daÁ„c˜Ã[˝ %\ˆÁ[˝* È[˝W˝ =YÁÃ^ %[˝_∂ëˆX
Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝„_ %Á]Ã[˝Á =~◊TˆÃ[˝ ◊V„Eı %G–aÃ[˝ c˜cÕ„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝[˝, ÊY“ÏªRÕÙ„_Á„EıÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó
AcÕ ◊[˝`üÁa %Á‰ªK˜, --- ]W˝ÓY‹öˆ›Ã[˝ %X«„]Á◊VTˆ =YÁ„Ã^Ã[˝ =YÃ[˝ c˜cÕ„Tˆ aEı„_Ã[˝
%ÁÿöˆÁ =◊PˆÃ^Á ◊GÃ^Á‰ªK˜; ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ TˆÁc˜Á c˜cÕ„_C ◊Eı c˜Ã^, G[˝SÔ„]∞ªRÙO ÂacÕ È[˝W˝ =YÁÃ^
%[˝_∂ëˆX Eı◊[Ã ˝„Tˆ ◊V„[˝X XÁ* TˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ c˜Á„Tˆ ^FX %Ác˜XO Eı◊[Ã ˝[˝Á[Ã ˝ a+…SÔ %◊W˝EıÁ[Ã ˝,
LL ]ÓÁ◊L‰r—ÙªRÙO Y«◊_a TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝cÕ ªJÙÁEıÃ[˝, ÂV`[˝Áa›Ã[˝ Y“\«ˆ, TˆFX ÂEıÁXC È[˝W˝
%Á„≥VÁ_X EıÃ[˝Á %aêˆ[˝* %Á]Ã[˝Á ÂV◊FÃ^Á◊ªK˜, AcÕ ]„TˆÃ[˝ ATˆ Y“Á[˝_Ó c˜cÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜
Â^ È[˝W˝ %Á„≥VÁ_X C È[˝W˝ Y“◊Tˆ„Ã[˝ÁW˝ %ÁÃ[˝ ªJÙ„_ XÁ* Â_Á„EıÃ[˝ %ÁÿöˆÁ XÁcÕ, `“à˘Á
XÁc˜,O --- `“à˘Á[Ã ˝◊c˜Tˆ Eı∂ˆÇÔ [˝U Á, TˆÁc˜Á[Ã ˝ Zı_ "X ËªJÙ[˝Á]«y ÂXÁ c˜cO ˜'* È[˝W˝ %Á„≥VÁ_„XÃ[˝
Y„l˘ ÿëˆÁW˝›X ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ C ÿëˆÁW˝›X ]„TˆÃ[˝ Y“EıÁ` C Y“◊TˆúˆÁ %Á[˝`ÓEı, X‰ªJÙd %Á„≥VÁ_X
c˜cÕ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ XÁ* a\ˆÁa◊]◊TˆÃ[˝ ÿëˆÁW˝›X %◊W˝EıÁÃ[˝ ªJÙÁcÕ, TˆÁc˜Á a\ˆÁ [˝µ˘ %ÁcÕ„XÃ[˝
ÂHÁbSÁÃ^ %Yc˜÷Tˆ c˜c˜^ÃO Á‰ªK˜, --- ae[˝ÁVY‰yÃ[˝ ÿëˆÁW˝›X ]Tˆ Y“EıÁ„`Ã[˝ %◊W˝EıÁ[Ã ˝ Jª ÙÁc˜,O
TˆÁc˜Á X…TˆX Ã[˝ÁL‰V–Ác˜ %ÁcÕ„X a±ºˆÃ[˝ %Yc˜÷Tˆ c˜cÕ„[˝ --- ÿöˆÁÃ^› a\ˆÁ aeHªRÙO„X C
ÂacÕ a\ˆÁÃ[˝ Eı∂ˆÇÔTˆdYÃ[˝TˆÁÃ^ ÿëˆÁW˝›X ]Tˆ Y“◊TˆúˆÁÃ[˝ %◊W˝EıÁÃ[˝ ªJÙÁcÕ, TˆÁc˜Á ◊[˝XÁ EıÁÃ[˝„S
%Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ◊XÃ[˝Á`Á 131
a\ˆÁ-a◊]◊Tˆ [˝µ˘ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ %ÁcÕX UÁEıÁÃ^ %Yc˜÷Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜* Ã[˝◊c˜_ ◊Eı? ]„X ]„X
ÿëˆÁW˝›X ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ ÂYÁbS EıÃ[˝ÁC ◊[˝Y#XEı, ÂEıXXÁ ◊[˝XÁ EıÁÃ[˝„S FÁXÁTˆ{Áa›, %]…_Eı
a„≥V„c˜ ÊG–äÁÃ[˝ A[˝e ◊[˝XÁ %◊\ˆ„^Á„G ◊X[[˝ÔÁaX, Y“„TˆÓEı ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁ ◊_¥a«Ã[˝ Y„U
AcÕ ◊TˆX ◊[˝YV a[[˝ÔVÁ G–Áa Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ =VÓTˆ* AcÕ %[˝ÿöˆÁÃ^ %Á„≥VÁ_X EıÃ[˝Á AEı
Y“EıÁÃ[˝ %ÁcÕ„X ◊X◊bà˘* ◊X#fi[˝ %Á„≥VÁ_X ◊XÃ[˝UÔEı, aL›[˝ %Á„≥VÁ_X %Í[˝W˝*
EıÁ„LcÕ Â_Á„Eı %ÁÃ[˝ %Á„≥VÁ_X Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ %◊X¨K«˜Eı*
◊•Tˆ›Ã^ %‹ôˆÃ[˝ÁÃ^, ◊[˝Y¿[˝EıÁÃ[˝›Ã[˝ %V]X›Ã^ =ÅÁ] ÊªJÙrÙÁ* ^Ác˜Á„Tˆ %Á]Ã[˝Á V◊]Ã^Á
^ÁcÕ, TˆÁc˜Á„Tˆ ◊[˝Y¿[˝EıÁÃ[˝›Ã[˝ ÂTˆL C =daÁc˜ LÁ◊GÃ^Á =‰Pˆ* ^Tˆ ◊XY›QÕˆX EıÃ[˝
Âa TˆTˆ c˜TˆÓÁ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á Y“ÁSTˆÓÁG Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ ªK«˜◊ªRÙOÃ^Á %Á„a* %Á£ ◊[˝`üÁ„aÃ[˝ c˜TˆÓÁÃ[˝
Y„Ã[˝ ÂacÕ %`Á◊‹ôˆ Y“ÁÃ^ ◊X◊[˝Ã^Á ◊GÃ^Á◊ªK˜_* X…TˆX ªJÙ›Zı L◊rÙ„aÃ[˝ a«◊[˝ªJÙÁ„Ã[˝, ◊Ã[˝Zı„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝
ÂEıÁ_Ác˜„_, ßG_›„Tˆ LÁTˆ›Ã^ Y„l˘Ã[˝ Y«XÃ[˝”xÁ„X Â_Á„EıÃ[˝ ]„X %Á`Á =dY~
c˜c˜^ÃO Á◊ªK˜_ Â^ %Á[˝Á[Ã ˝ [˝◊« Mı È[˝W˝\ˆÁ„[˝ LÁTˆ›^Ã LÁGÃ[˝S„Eı =„Å„`ÓÃ[˝ ◊V„Eı Jª ÙÁ_Ác˜[O ˝Á[Ã ˝
a«◊[˝W˝Á ÂVCÃ^Á c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜* ÂacÕ %Á`ÁÃ[˝ %Á„_ÁEı ◊X◊[˝QÕˆTˆÃ[˝ %µ˘EıÁ„Ã[˝ ◊]◊`Ã^Á
◊GÃ^Á‰ªK˜* A◊V„Eı [Ã ˝ÁLX›◊TÊı QˆÁEıÁc˜◊O Tˆ[Ã ˝ LXÓ ÂV`]Ã^ W˝[Ã ˝YÁEıQˆÕ C FÁXÁTˆ{Áa›„Tˆ
◊[˝Y¿[˝EıÁÃ[˝›„VÃ[˝ ÂTˆL C %Á`Á =Å›◊YTˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜* XÁ◊a„Eı F«X, Y…[[˝Ô[˝ÁÜ_Á
ÂÃ[˝_C„Ã^„Tˆ m◊_ ªJÙÁ_ÁX, c˜ÁcÕ„EıÁ‰ªRÙO¤ aÁ]a«_ %Á_„]Ã[˝ c˜TˆÓÁ, AcÕÃ[˝÷„Y ◊VX ◊VX
X…TˆX HªRÙXO Á c˜c˜„O Tˆ %ÁÃ[˝êˆ c˜c˜^ÃO Á‰ªK˜* c˜cO ˜Á[Ã ˝ Â`b ÂEıÁUÁÃ^? Y“U] Zı_, [Ã ˝ÁLY«[Ã ˝”bGS
a]ÿôˆ ÂV„`Ã[˝ =YÃ[˝ ªJÙ◊ªRÙOÃ^Á‰ªK˜X, %Á„≥VÁ_„XÃ[˝ %[˝◊`rÙ l˘›S [˝◊c˜‘ªR«ÙOE«ıı ◊X[˝ÁcÕ„Tˆ
[˝à˘Y◊Ã[˝EıÃ[˝ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜X* ◊XG–„c˜Ã[˝ [˝ ◊à˘„Tˆ mäc˜TˆÓÁÃ[˝ [˝ ◊à˘, mäc˜TˆÓÁÃ[˝ [˝ ◊à˘„Tˆ
◊XG–„c˜Ã[˝ [˝ ◊à˘, AcÕÃ[˝÷Y y‘„]Ã[˝ Â`b ÂEıÁUÁÃ^? Ã[˝ÁLY«Ã[˝”b„VÃ[˝ ◊[˝„[˝ªJÙXÁÃ[˝◊c˜Tˆ Ây‘ÁW˝,
◊[˝Y¿[˝EıÁÃ[˝›Ã[˝ ◊[˝„[˝ªJÙXÁÃ[˝◊c˜Tˆ =XΩw¯TˆÁ, AcÕ V«cÕ `◊N˛Ã[˝ aeH„bÔ, ◊X„πYb„S Y◊QÕˆÃ^Á
%Á]Á„VÃ[˝ %Á„≥VÁ_X ]◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ^ÁcÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜*
A %[˝ÿöˆÁÃ^ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ ◊Eı? ^FX G[˝SÔ„]‰∞RÙOÃ[˝ cÕ¨K˜Á Â^ %Á]Ã[˝Á ªJ«ÙY Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á UÁ◊Eı,
◊X‰∏JÙrÙ c˜cÕÃ^Á UÁ◊Eı, ^FX ÂV`[˝Áa› %ÁÃ[˝ Ã[˝[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ ªJÙÁÃ^ XÁ, ÊªJÙrÙÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ ªJÙÁÃ^
XÁ, TˆFX X›Ã[˝[˝ C ◊X‰∏JÙrÙ UÁEıÁcÕ Ê`“Ã^f* cÕeÃ[˝ÁL [˝„_ LÁTˆ›Ã^ Y„l˘Ã[˝ ae[˝ÁVYy
C [˝N˛ÁcÕ VÁÃ^›, TgˆÁc˜Á◊VG„Eı ^◊V UÁ]ÁcÕ„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝, ◊[˝Y¿[˝EıÁÃ[˝›Ã[˝ ÊªJÙrÙÁ %ÁY◊X
UÁ◊]Ã^Á ^ÁcÕ„[˝* Tˆ„[˝ TˆÁc˜ÁcÕ c˜=Eı* %Á]Ã[˝Á UÁ◊]Ã^Á ÂG_Á], X›Ã[˝[˝, ◊X‰∏JÙrÙ
c˜cÕ_Á], ÂV◊F ÂTˆÁ]Á„VÃ[˝ %◊\ˆ„^ÁG aTˆÓ XÁ ◊]UÓÁ* Ã[˝ÁLX›◊Tˆ ªJÙ¨JÙ¤Á Eı„ÃÊı◊VX
Y◊Ã[˝TˆÓÁG Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á %Á]Ã[˝Á \ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝ %ÁW˝ÓÁ◊≈±¡Eı `◊N˛, \ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝ ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁÃ[˝ G\ˆ›Ã[˝TˆÁ
Eı∂ˆÇÔ„l˘‰y %ÁXÁcÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÊªJÙrÙÁ Eı◊Ã[˝*
Y“ÁªJÙÓ C YÁ∏JÙÁTˆÓ
%Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ÂV„` C Ã^«„Ã[˝Á„Y ]«FÓ Y“„\ˆV AcÕ Â^, %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ L›[˝X %‹ôˆ∂ˆÇ«ÔF›,
Ã^«„Ã[˝Á„YÃ[˝ L›[˝X [˝◊c˜∂ˆÇ«ÔF›* %Á]Ã[˝Á \ˆÁ[˝„Eı %Á`“Ã^ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á YÁYY«SÓ cÕTˆÓÁ◊V
◊[˝ªJÙÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝, Ã^«„Ã[˝ÁY Eı∂ˆÇÔ„Eı %Á`“Ã^ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á YÁYY«SÓ cÕTˆÓÁ◊V ◊[˝ªJÙÁÃ[˝ Eı„Ã[˝* %Á]Ã[˝Á
\ˆG[˝ÁX„Eı %‹ôˆ^ÔÁ]› C %Á±¡ÿöˆ [˝«◊MıÃ^Á %‹ôˆ„Ã[˝ TgˆÁc˜Á„Eı %„XübS Eı◊Ã[˝, Ã^«„Ã[˝ÁY
\ˆG[˝ÁX„Eı LG„TˆÃ[˝ Ã[˝ÁLÁ [˝«◊MıÃ^Á [˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝ TgˆÁc˜Á„Eı ÂV„F C =YÁaXÁ Eı„Ã[˝*
Ã^«„Ã[˝Á„YÃ[˝ ÿëˆGÔ ÿöˆ…_LG„Tˆ, Y ◊U[˝›Ã[˝ B`ü^ÔÓ, ÂaÏ≥V^ÔÓ, Â\ˆÁG-◊[˝_Áa TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝
%ÁVÃ[˝S›Ã^ C ] GÓ; ^◊V %XÓ ÿëˆGÔ EıîXÁ Eı„Ã[˝X, TˆÁc˜Á AcÕ YÁ◊UÔ[˝ B`ü^ÔÓ,
ÂaÏ≥V^ÔÓ Â\ˆÁG-◊[˝_Á„aÃ[˝ Y“◊TÊ ı◊Tˆ, TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ \ˆG[˝ÁX %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ cÕ‰≥V–Ã[˝ a]ÁX,
YÁ◊UÔ[˝ Ã[˝ÁLÁÃ[˝ XÓÁÃ^ Ã[˝±Ûˆ]Ã^ ◊aec˜Áa„X %Áa›X c˜cÕÃ^Á ac˜ÿÉˆ [˝≥VXÁEıÁÃ[˝› •ÁÃ[˝Á
ÿôˆ[˝ÿô«ˆ◊Tˆ„Tˆ ÿˆèı›Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á ◊[˝`üaÁ∂ÉˆÁLÓ ªJÙÁ_ÁX* %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ◊`[˝ YÃ[˝„]`üÃ[˝, %UªJÙ
◊\ˆl«˘Eı, YÁG_, Â\ˆÁ_ÁXÁU, %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ E ıb’ [˝Á_Eı, c˜ÁaÓ◊Y“Ã^, Ã[˝Ü]Ã^, ÊY“]]Ã^,
y‘›QÕˆÁ EıÃ[˝Á TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ W˝∂ˆÇÔ* Ã^«„Ã[˝Á„YÃ[˝ \ˆG[˝ÁX EıFX c˜Á„aX XÁ, y‘›QÕˆÁ Eı„Ã[˝X XÁ,
TˆÁc˜Á„Tˆ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ÂGÏÃ[˝[˝ XrÙ c˜Ã^, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ <`üÃ[˝±ºˆ %ÁÃ[˝ UÁ„Eı XÁ* ÂacÕ [˝◊c˜∂ˆÇ«ÔF›
\ˆÁ[˝ cÕc˜ÁÃ[˝ EıÁÃ[˝S ---- B`ü„^ÔÓÃ[˝ ◊ªJÙc˜‘ TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ B`ü„^ÔÓÃ[˝ Y“◊TˆúˆÁ, ◊ªJÙc˜‘ XÁ ÂV◊F„_
TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á ◊L◊XbªRÙO› ÂV◊F„Tˆ YÁX XÁ, TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ ◊V[˝ÓªJÙl«˘ XÁcÕ, a…©øV ◊rÙ XÁcÕ, a[˝cÕ
ÿöˆ…_* %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ◊`[˝ ◊\ˆl«˘Eı, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ◊≈y„_Á„EıÃ[˝ a]ÿôˆ W˝X C B`ü^ÔÓ %„î„Tˆ
aÁW˝Eı„Eı VÁX Eı„Ã[˝X Â\ˆÁ_ÁXÁU, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ p˚ÁX›Ã[˝ %Y“ÁYÓ p˚ÁX TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ÿëˆ\ˆÁ[˝◊aà˘
a+◊w¯* %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ÊY“]]Ã^ Ã[˝Ü◊Y“Ã^ `ÓÁ]a«≥VÃ[˝ E«ıÃ[˝”„l˘‰yÃ[˝ XÁÃÊı, LG„TˆÃ[˝
YÁTˆÁ, %◊F_ [˝–°˘Á„â¯Ã[˝ aFÁ C a«c˜÷V* \ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝ ◊[˝Ã[˝ÁªRÙO p˚ÁX, Tˆ›©¬˘ a…©øV ◊rÙ,
%Y“◊Tˆc˜Tˆ ◊V[˝ÓJª Ùl˘« ÿöˆ_… %Á[˝[Ã ˝S Â\ˆV Eı◊[Ã ˝^Ã Á %Á±¡ÿöˆ \ˆÁ[˝, %Áa_ aTˆÓ, %‹ôˆ◊XÔ◊c˜Tˆ
G…ªRÕÙTˆ√º¯ [˝Á◊c˜Ã[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á %Á„X*
YÁYY«SÓ a∂ëˆ„µ˘C ÂacÕ y‘] _◊l˘Tˆ c˜Ã^* %Á]Ã[˝Á %‹ôˆ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ \ˆÁ[˝ ÂV◊F*
◊X◊≥VTˆ Eı„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó Y◊[˝y \ˆÁ[˝, [˝Á◊c˜ÓEı Y«„SÓÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó YÁ◊Y„úˆÃ[˝ ÿëˆÁUÔ _«hıÁ◊Ã^Tˆ
UÁ◊Eı„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝; YÁYY«SÓ, a«FV«fF ]„XÃ[˝ W˝∂ˆÇÔ, Eı∂ˆÇÔ %Á[˝Ã[˝S ]Áy* %Á]Ã[˝Á cÕc˜Á
LÁ◊X; aÁ]Á◊LEı a«` Ö_ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ %Á]Ã[˝Á [˝Á◊c˜ÓEı YÁYY«SÓ„Eı Eı„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ Y“]ÁS
Y“ÁªJÙÓ C YÁ∏JÙÁTˆÓ 133
[˝◊_Ã^Á ]ÁXÓ Eı◊Ã[˝, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ %‹ôˆ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ \ˆÁ[˝cÕ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ %ÁVÃ[˝S›Ã^* Â^ a~ÓÁa› %ÁªJÙÁÃ[˝-
◊[˝ªJÙÁÃ[˝, EıwÔ¯[˝Ó-%EıwÔ¯[˝Ó, YÁYY«„SÓÃ[˝ %Tˆ›Tˆ, ]„VÁ~w¯-◊Y`ÁªJÙ[˝d %ÁªJÙÃ[˝S Eı„Ã[˝X,
ÂacÕ a[[˝ÔW˝∂ˆÇÔTˆÓÁG› Y«Ã[˝”b„Eı %Á]Ã[˝Á Ê`“úˆ [˝◊_* YÁ∏JÙÁTˆÓ [˝«◊à˘ AcÕ Tˆ√º¯G–c˜„S
%a]UÔ; Â^ LQÕˆ[˝d %ÁªJÙÃ[˝S Eı„Ã[˝, TˆÁc˜Á„Eı LQÕˆ [˝«„Mı, Â^ =XΩw¯[˝d %ÁªJÙÃ[˝S
Eı„Ã[˝, TˆÁc˜Á„Eı ◊[˝E ıTˆ]◊ÿôˆõı [˝«„Mı, Â^ ◊Y`ÁªJÙ[˝d %ÁªJÙÃ[˝S Eı„Ã[˝, TˆÁc˜Á„Eı H SÓ
%XÁªJÙÁ[Ã ˝› ◊Y`ÁªJÙ [˝„« Mı; ÂEıXXÁ a…©øV ◊rÙ XÁc˜,O TˆÁc˜Á[Ã ˝Á %‹ôˆ„[Ã ˝[Ã ˝ \ˆÁ[˝ ÂV◊F„Tˆ %a]UÔ*
ÂacÕÃ[˝÷Y [˝Ác˜ÓV ◊rÙYÃ[˝[˝` c˜cÕÃ^Á Ã^«„Ã[˝ÁY›Ã^ Y◊â¯TˆGS [˝„_X, \ˆÁÃ[˝„Tˆ Y“LÁ-

Tˆ‹óˆ ÂEıÁXC ^«„G ◊ªK˜_ XÁ* Y“LÁTˆ‹óâ…ªJÙEı ÂEıÁXC EıUÁ aeï ıTˆ \ˆÁbÁÃ^ YÁCÃ^Á
^ÁÃ^ XÁ, %ÁW˝«◊XEı YÁ◊_ÔÃ^Á„]‰∞ªRÙOÃ[˝ XÓÁÃ^ ÂEıÁX %ÁcÕX-[˝Ó[˝ÿöˆÁYEı a\ˆÁC ◊ªK˜_ XÁ,
Y“LÁTˆ„‹óˆÃ[˝ [˝Ác˜Ó◊ªJÙ‰c˜‘Ã[˝ %\ˆÁ„[˝ Y“LÁTˆ„‹óˆÃ[˝ %\ˆÁ[˝ Y“◊TˆY~ c˜Ã^* %Á]Ã[˝ÁC AcÕ
YÁ∏JÙÁTˆÓ ^«◊N˛ ÛÁUÔ [˝◊_Ã^Á G–c˜S Eı◊[Ã ˝^Ã Á %Á◊aÃ^Á◊ªK˜* %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ Y“ÁJª Ù›X %Á^ÔÓ[Ã ˝Á„LÓ
Y“LÁTˆ„‹óˆÃ[˝ %\ˆÁ[˝ ◊ªK˜_ XÁ; Y“LÁTˆ„‹óˆÃ[˝ [˝Á◊c˜ÓEı =YEıÃ[˝S %a+…SÔ ◊ªK˜_ [˝‰ªRÙO,
◊Eı‹ô«ˆ Y“LÁTˆ„‹óˆÃ[˝ \ˆÁ[˝ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ a]ÿôˆ a]ÁL C `ÁaXTˆ„‹óˆÃ[˝ %‹ôˆ„Ã[˝ [˝ÓÁä c˜cÕÃ^Á
Y“LÁÃ[˝ a«F C ÂV„`Ã[˝ =~◊Tˆ Ã[˝l˘Á Eı◊Ã[˝Tˆ* Y“U]Tˆf, Y“„TˆÓEı G–Á„] a+…SÔ
Y“LÁTˆ‹óˆ ◊ªK˜_, G–Á„]Ã[˝ Â_ÁEı a◊∂ˆÇ◊_Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á a[[˝ÔaÁW˝ÁÃ[˝„SÃ[˝ YÃ[˝Á]„`Ô [˝ à˘ C
ÂXT ˆÿöˆÁX›Ã^ Y«Ã[˝”b„VÃ[˝ %W˝›„X G–Á„]Ã[˝ [˝Ó[˝ÿöˆÁ, a]Á„LÃ[˝ [˝Ó[˝ÿöˆÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„TˆX; AcÕ
G–Á]Ó Y“LÁTˆ‹óˆ ]«a_]ÁX„VÃ[˝ %Á]„_ %l«˘| Ã[˝◊c˜_, [˝ ◊ªRÙO` `ÁaXTˆ„‹óˆÃ[˝ ◊X„πYb„S
ÂacÕ◊VX XrÙ c˜Ã^* ◊•Tˆ›Ã^Tˆf, Y“„TˆÓEı l«˘V– l«˘V– Ã[˝Á„LÓC, Â^FÁ„X a[[˝ÔaÁW˝ÁÃ[˝S„Eı
a◊∂ˆÇ◊_Tˆ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ a«◊[˝W˝Á ◊ªK˜_, ÂacÕÃ[˝÷Y Y“UÁ ◊[˝VÓ]ÁX ◊ªK˜_; Â[˝Ïà˘ aÁ◊c˜„TˆÓ,
G–›Eı cÕ◊Tˆc˜Á„a, ]c˜Á\ˆÁÃ[˝„Tˆ cÕc˜ÁÃ[˝ ^„UrÙ Y“]ÁS YÁCÃ^Á ^ÁÃ^* T ˆTˆ›Ã^Tˆf, [˝QÕˆ [˝QÕˆ
Ã[˝Á„LÓ, Â^FÁ„X AcÕÃ[˝÷Y [˝Á◊c˜ÓEı =YEıÃ[˝S UÁEıÁ %aêˆ[˝, Y“LÁTˆ„‹óˆÃ[˝ \ˆÁ[˝ Ã[˝ÁL-
Tˆ‹óˆ„Eı Y◊Ã[˝ªJÙÁ◊_Tˆ Eı◊Ã[˝Tˆ* Y“LÁÃ[˝ %ÁcÕX-[˝Ó[˝ÿöˆÁYEı a\ˆÁ ◊ªK˜_ XÁ, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ Ã[˝ÁLÁÃ[˝C
%ÁcÕX Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ [˝Á Y“[˝◊wÔ¯Tˆ %ÁcÕX Y◊Ã[˝[˝wÔ¯X Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ Â_`]Áy %◊W˝EıÁÃ[˝ ◊ªK˜_
XÁ* Y“LÁÃ[˝Á Â^ %ÁªJÙÁÃ[˝[˝Ó[˝c˜ÁÃ[˝ Ã[˝›◊TˆX›◊Tˆ %ÁcÕXEıÁX«X ]Á◊XÃ^Á %Á◊a„Tˆ◊ªK˜_, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝
Ã[˝l˘ÁEıwÔ¯Á Ã[˝ÁLÁ* [˝–Á°˘SGS %ÁW˝«◊XEı =◊Eı_ C LL„VÃ[˝ XÓÁÃ^ ÂacÕ Y“LÁ-%X«◊úˆTˆ
◊XÃ^]aEı_ Ã[˝ÁLÁ„Eı [˝«MıÁcÕ„TˆX, ae`Ã^ÿöˆ„_ ◊XSÔÃ^ Eı◊Ã[˝„TˆX, y‘„] y‘„] Â^
Y◊Ã[˝[˝wÔ¯X _l˘Ó Eı◊Ã[˝„TˆX, TˆÁc˜Á ◊_◊FTˆ`Á‰ÿóˆ ◊_◊Y[˝à˘ Eı◊Ã[˝„TˆX* `Áa„XÃ[˝ \ˆÁÃ[˝
Ã[˝ÁLÁÃ[˝cÕ ◊ªK˜_, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ÂacÕ l˘]TˆÁC %ÁcÕ„XÃ[˝ Eı◊PˆX ◊XG‰QÕˆ ◊X[˝à˘; TˆÁc˜Á ◊\ˆ~
Ã[˝ÁLÁ Y“LÁÃ[˝ %X«„]Á◊VTˆ EıÁ^ÔÓcÕ Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝X, Y“LÁÃ[˝ %a„‹ôˆÁb ^Ác˜Á„Tˆ c˜Ã^, TˆÁc˜Á
EıFX Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝X XÁ, AcÕ Ã[˝ÁLX›◊TÊı ◊XÃ^] aEı„_cÕ ]Á◊XÃ^Á ªJÙ◊_Tˆ* Ã[˝ÁLÁ TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝
[˝Ó◊Tˆy‘] Eı◊Ã[˝„_, Y“LÁÃ[˝Á %ÁÃ[˝ Ã[˝ÁLÁ„Eı ]ÁXÓ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ [˝ÁW˝Ó ◊ªK˜_ XÁ*
*
Y“ÁJª ÙÓ C YÁ∏JÙÁ„TˆÓ[Ã ˝ AEı›Eı[Ã ˝S AcÕ ^«„GÃ[˝ W˝∂ˆÇ*Ô ◊Eı‹ˆ«ô AcÕ AEı›Eı[Ã ˝„S YÁ∏JÙÁTˆÓ„Eı
Y“◊TˆúˆÁ [˝Á ]«FÓ %Ü ^◊V Eı◊Ã[˝, %Á]Ã[˝Á ◊[˝b] }„] Y◊TˆTˆ c˜cÕ[˝* Y“ÁªJÙÓcÕ Y“◊TˆúˆÁ,
Y“Áª JÙÓcÕ ]«FÓ %Ü* [˝◊c˜#G¤ d %‹ôˆ #G¤ „Tˆ Y“◊Tˆ◊úˆTˆ, %‹ôˆ#G¤ d [˝◊c˜#G¤ „Tˆ Y“◊Tˆ◊úˆTˆ
X„c˜* \ˆÁ[˝ C `“à˘Á `◊N˛ C Eı„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ =da, \ˆÁ[˝ C `“à˘Á Ã[˝l˘Á Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ c˜Ã^,
◊Eı‹ô«ˆ `◊N˛Y“„Ã^Á„G C Eı„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ [˝Á◊c˜ÓEı %ÁEıÁ„Ã[˝ C =YEıÃ[˝„S %ÁaN˛ c˜cÕ„Tˆ
XÁcÕ* YÁ∏JÙÁ„TˆÓÃ[˝Á Y“LÁTˆ„‹óˆÃ[˝ [˝Á◊c˜ÓEı %ÁEıÁÃ[˝ C =YEıÃ[˝S _cÕÃ^Á [˝Óÿôˆ* \ˆÁ[˝„Eı
Y◊Ã[˝ÿˆè«ıªRÙO Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ [˝Á◊c˜ÓEı %ÁEıÁÃ[˝ C =YEıÃ[˝S; \ˆÁ[˝ %ÁEıÁÃ[˝„Eı GPˆX Eı„Ã[˝,
`“à˘Á =YEıÃ[˝S a LX Eı„Ã[˝* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ YÁ∏JÙÁ„TˆÓÃ[˝Á %ÁEıÁ„Ã[˝ C =YEıÃ[˝„S A]X
%ÁaN˛ Â^, ÂacÕ [˝◊c˜fY“EıÁ„`Ã[˝ ]„W˝Ó \ˆÁ[˝ C `“à˘Á ]◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ^ÁcÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜, TˆÁc˜Á _l˘Ó
Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝X XÁ* %ÁLEıÁ_ Y“ÁªJÙÓ ÂV„` Y“LÁTˆ„‹óˆÃ[˝ \ˆÁ[˝ C `“à˘Á Y“[˝_„[˝„G
Y◊Ã[˝ÿˆè«ıªRÙO c˜cÕÃ^Á [˝Ác˜Ó =YEıÃ[˝S a LX Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜, [˝Ác˜Ó %ÁEıÁÃ[˝ GPˆX Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜,
◊Eı‹ô«ˆ YÁ∏JÙÁTˆÓ ÂV„` ÂacÕ \ˆÁ[˝ ∂⁄ˆÁX c˜cÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜, ÂacÕ `“à˘Á l˘›S c˜cÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜* Y“ÁªJÙÓ
Y“\ˆÁ„TˆÁXΩ∆F, %Á„_Á„EıÃ[˝ ◊V„Eı W˝Á◊[˝Tˆ ---- YÁ∏JÙÁTˆÓ ◊Tˆ◊]Ã[˝GÁ]› Ã[˝Á◊≈yÃ[˝ ◊V„Eı
◊Zı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ^ÁcÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜*
cÕc˜ÁÃ[˝ EıÁÃ[˝S, ÂacÕ [˝Ác˜Ó %ÁEıÁÃ[˝ C =YEıÃ[˝„S %Áa◊N˛Ã[˝ Zı„_ Y“LÁTˆ„‹óˆÃ[˝

V«πY◊Ã[˝SÁ]* Y“LÁTˆ„‹óˆ[Ã ˝ a+…SÔ %X«Eı… _ `ÁaXTˆ‹ˆó a LX Eı◊[Ã ˝^Ã Á %Á„]◊Ã[˝EıÁ ATˆ◊VX
G[[˝Ô Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ◊ªK˜_ Â^ %Á„]◊Ã[˝EıÁÃ[˝ T«ˆ_Ó ÿëˆÁW˝›X ÂV` LG„Tˆ %ÁÃ[˝ XÁcÕ* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ
Y“E ıTˆY„l˘ ÊY“◊a„Qˆ∞ªRÙO C Eı∂ˆÇÔªJÙÁÃ[˝›GS Eıe‰G–„aÃ[˝ aÁc˜Á„^Ó Âÿëˆ¨K˜ÁÃ^ `ÁaX Eı„Ã[˝X,
W˝X›Ã[˝ %XÓÁÃ^, %◊[˝ªJÙÁÃ[˝ C a[[˝ÔG–Áa› Â_Á\ˆ„Eı %Á`“Ã^ ÂVX, ◊X„LÃ[˝ÁC l˘]TˆÁÃ[˝
%Y[˝Ó[˝c˜Á„Ã[˝ W˝X› c˜X* AEı]Áy Y“◊Tˆ◊X◊W˝ ◊X[[˝ÔÁªJÙ„XÃ[˝ a]„Ã^ Y“LÁÃ[˝Á ÿëˆÁW˝›X,
Y“ÁªJÙÓ C YÁ∏JÙÁTˆÓ 135
TˆFXC W˝X›aEı_ Y“ªJ«ÙÃ[˝ %UÔ[˝Ó„Ã^ ◊XL l˘]TˆÁ %l«˘| Ã[˝Á„FX, Y„Ã[˝C Y“LÁÃ[˝
Y“◊Tˆ◊X◊W˝GS„Eı ◊Eı◊XÃ^Á Âÿëˆ¨K˜ÁÃ^ %UÔ„`ÁbS Eı„Ã[˝X, %Á◊W˝YTˆÓ Eı„Ã[˝X* Z–ıÁ≥a
Y“LÁTˆ‹óˆ C ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁÃ[˝ LXΩ\…ˆ◊], ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ Â^ Eı∂ˆÇÔªJÙÁÃ[˝›[˝GÔ C Y«◊_a Y“LÁÃ[˝ cÕ¨K˜ÁÃ^
Y“„TˆÓEı `ÁaXEıÁ^ÔÓ ªJÙÁ_ÁcÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ ^‹óˆÿëˆÃ[˝÷Y [˝◊_Ã^Á a rÙ c˜cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜_, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á AFX
[˝ßaeFÓEı l«˘V– Âÿëˆ¨K˜ÁªJÙÁÃ[˝› Ã[˝ÁLÁ c˜cÕÃ^Á [˝◊aÃ^Á‰ªK˜, Y“LÁÃ[˝Á TˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ \ˆ„Ã^ EıÁTˆÃ[˝*
cÕe_„â¯ AcÕÃ[˝÷Y ◊[˝}ÁªRÙO H‰ªRÙO XÁcÕ [˝‰ªRÙO, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ Y“LÁTˆ„‹óˆÃ[˝ %XÓÁXÓ ◊[˝YV Y◊Ã[˝ÿˆè«ıªRÙO
c˜cÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜* ªJÙá˚_]◊Tˆ %à˘¤◊`◊l˘Tˆ Y“LÁÃ[˝ Y“„TˆÓEı ]TˆY◊Ã[˝[˝wÔ¯„X `ÁaXEıÁ^ÔÓ C
[Ã ˝ÁLX›◊Tˆ %Á„_Á◊QÕˆTˆ c˜^Ã [˝◊_Ã^Á [˝◊ Rª ÙÒ LÁ◊Tˆ Y«[Ã ˝ÁTˆX [Ã ˝ÁLX›◊TÊı E«ı`_TˆÁ c˜Á[Ã ˝Ác˜^ÃO Á
[˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝ %‹ôˆ„Ã[˝ ◊[˝YVG–ÿôˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜* `ÁaXEıwÔ¯ÁGS EıwÔ¯[˝Óp˚ÁXÃ[˝◊c˜Tˆ, ◊XL ÿëˆÁUÔ
C Y“◊TˆY◊w¯ Ã[˝l˘Á Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ ◊X[[˝ÔÁªJÙEı[˝GÔ„Eı Y“„_Á\ˆX ÂVFÁcÕÃ^Á, \ˆÃ^
ÂVFÁcÕÃ^Á, \«ˆ_ [˝«MıÁcÕÃ^Á [˝ ◊ªRÙO`LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ [˝«◊à˘ ◊[˝E ıTˆ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜X, ]◊TˆÃ[˝ %◊ÿöˆÃ[˝TˆÁ
C ªJÙÁá˚_Ó[˝à˘¤X Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜X* AcÕ aEı_ EıÁÃ[˝S[˝`Tˆf AEı◊V„Eı Y“LÁTˆ‹óˆ[˝ÁV }Á‹ôˆ
[˝◊_Ã^Á AEıV_ ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁ[Ã ˝ ◊[˝[Ã ˝”„à˘ FQÕGc˜ÿˆô c˜c˜^ÃO Á =◊Pˆ„Tˆ‰Kª ˜, %YÃ[˝◊V„Eı %ÁXÁ◊EÔırÙ,
ÂaÁ`Á◊_rÙ, ◊[˝Y¿[˝EıÁÃ[˝›Ã[˝ aeFÓÁ [˝ ◊à˘ c˜cÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜* AcÕ V«cÕ Y„l˘Ã[˝ aeHbÔ cÕe_„â¯
ªJÙ◊_„Tˆ‰ªK˜ --- Ã[˝ÁLX›◊Tˆ„l˘‰y; %Á„]◊Ã[˝EıÁÃ^ --- `“]L›[˝› C _l˘Y◊TˆÃ[˝ ◊[˝„Ã[˝Á„W˝;
L∂ˆÇÔS›„Tˆ --- ]Tˆ-aeGPˆ„X; Z–ıÁ„≥a --- Èa„XÓ C ÂXÏ-Èa„XÓ; Ã[˝”„` --- Y«◊_a
C c˜TˆÓÁEıÁÃ[˝›Ã[˝ aeG–Á„] --- a[[˝Ôy Gâ¯„GÁ_, ªJÙá˚_TˆÁ, %`Á◊‹ôˆ*
*
[˝◊c∂ˆÇ«ÔF› V ◊rÙÃ[˝ AcÕ Y◊Ã[˝SÁ] %[˝`ÓêˆÁ[˝›* Eı„ÃÊı◊VX Ã[˝ÁL◊aEı ÂTˆ„L

ÂTˆLÿëˆ› c˜cÕÃ^Á %a«Ã[˝ ]c˜ÁXÀ `“›a+~, %„LÃ^ c˜Ã^, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Y„Ã[˝ %‹ôˆ◊XÔ◊c˜Tˆ ÂVÁb
[˝Á◊c˜Ã[˝ c˜Ã^, a[˝ \ˆÁ◊ÜÃ^Á ªJ«ÙÃ[˝]ÁÃ[˝ c˜Ã^* \ˆÁ[˝ C `“à˘Á, ap˚ÁX Eı∂ˆÇÔ, %XÁaN˛ Eı∂ˆÇÔ
Â^ ÂV„` ◊`l˘ÁÃ[˝ ]…_]‹óˆ, ÂacÕ ÂV„`cÕ %‹ôˆÃ[˝ C [˝Á◊c˜Ã[˝, Y“ÁªJÙÓ C YÁ∏JÙÁ„TˆÓÃ[˝
AEı›EıÃ[˝„S a]ÁL, %UÔX›◊Tˆ, Ã[˝ÁLX›◊TˆÃ[˝ aEı_ a]aÓÁÃ[˝ a„‹ôˆÁbLXEı ]›]ÁeaÁ
EıÁ^ÔÓTˆf c˜cÕ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ YÁ∏JÙÁTˆÓ p˚ÁX C ◊`l˘ÁÃ[˝ [˝`[˝w¯fi c˜cÕÃ^Á ÂacÕ ]›]ÁeaÁ
Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝[˝ XÁ* Y“Á‰ªJÙÓÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ Vâ¯ÁÃ^]ÁX c˜cÕÃ^Á YÁ∏JÙÁTˆÓ„Eı %ÁÃ^w¯ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ
c˜cÕ„[˝* %‹ôˆ„Ã[˝ Y“◊TˆúˆÁ, [˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝ Y“EıÁ`* \ˆÁ„[˝Ã[˝ YÁ∏JÙÁTˆÓ =YEıÃ[˝S %[˝_∂ëˆX
Eı◊Ã[˝„_ ◊[˝YVG–ÿôˆ c˜cÕ[˝, ◊XL ÿëˆ\ˆÁ[˝ C Y“ÁªJÙÓ[˝«◊à˘Ã[˝ =Y^«N˛ =YEıÃ[˝S a LX
Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ c˜cÕ„[˝*
}ÁT ˆ±ºˆ
%ÁW˝«◊XEı a\ˆÓTˆÁÃ[˝ Â^ ◊TˆX %ÁV`Ô [˝Á ªJÙÃ[˝] =„Å`Ó ZıÃ[˝Áa› Ã[˝Ár—Ù◊[˝Y¿„[˝Ã[˝
a]„Ã^ Y“Jª ÙÁ◊Ã[˝Tˆ c˜c˜^ÃO Á◊ªK˜_, %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ \ˆÁbÁÃ^ aÁW˝Á[Ã ˝STˆf AcÕ ◊TˆX Tˆ√¯º --- ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁ,
aÁ]Ó C È]y› [˝◊_Ã^Á Y◊Ã[˝◊ªJÙTˆ* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ YÁ∏JÙÁTˆÓ \ˆÁbÁÃ^ ^Ác˜Á„Eı fraternity [˝„_,
TˆÁc˜Á È]y› X„c˜* È]y› ]„XÃ[˝ \ˆÁ[˝; Â^ a[[˝Ô\…ˆ„TˆÃ[˝ Eı_ÓÁ„S¨K˜Á Eı„Ã[˝, EıÁc˜ÁÃ[˝C
%◊XrÙ Eı„Ã[˝ XÁ, ÂacÕ VÃ^Á[˝ÁX, %◊c˜eaÁYÃ[˝ÁÃ^S, a[[˝Ô\…ˆTˆ◊c˜TˆÃ[˝Tˆ Y«Ã[˝”b„Eı ""◊]y''
[˝„_, È]y› TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ]„XÃ[˝ \ˆÁ[˝* AcÕÃ[˝÷Y \ˆÁ[˝ [˝Ó◊N˛Ã[˝ ]ÁX◊aEı a+◊w¯, ---
[˝Ó◊N˛Ã[˝ L›[˝X C Eı∂ˆÇÔ ◊XÃ^◊‹óˆTˆ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝; AcÕ \ˆÁ[˝ Ã[˝ÁLX›◊TÊı [˝Á aÁ]Á◊LEı
` Ö_ÁÃ[˝ ]«FÓ [˝µ˘X c˜CÃ^Á %aêˆ[˝* ZıÃ[˝Áa› Ã[˝Ár—Ù◊[˝Y¿„[˝Ã[˝ ◊TˆX Tˆ√º¯ [˝Ó◊N˛GTˆ
L›[˝„XÃ[˝ ÈX◊TÊı ◊XÃ^] X„c˜, a]ÁL C ÂV„`Ã[˝ [˝Ó[˝ÿöˆÁÃ[˝ X[˝GPˆ„XÁY„^ÁG› a…yyÃ^,
a]Á„LÃ[˝, ÂV„`Ã[˝ [˝Ác˜Ó %[˝◊ÿöˆ◊Tˆ„Tˆ Y“EıÁ„`ÁXΩ∆F Y“ÁE ı◊TÊı ]…_Tˆ√º¯* fraternityÃ[˝
%UÔ }ÁT ˆ±ºˆ*
ZıÃ[˝Áa› ◊[˝Y¿[˝EıÁÃ[˝›GS Ã[˝ÁLX›◊TÊı C aÁ]Á◊LEı ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁ C aÁ]Ó _Á„\ˆÃ[˝
LXÓ _Á_Á◊Ã^Tˆ ◊ªK˜„_X, }ÁT ˆ„±ºˆÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ V ªRÕÙ_l˘Ó ◊ªK˜_ XÁ, }ÁT ˆ„±ºˆÃ[˝
%\ˆÁ[˝ ZıÃ[˝Áa› Ã[˝Ár—Ù◊[˝Y¿„[˝Ã[˝ %a+…SÔTˆÁÃ[˝ EıÁÃ[˝S* ÂacÕ %Y…[[˝Ô =xÁ„X Ã[˝ÁLX›◊TÊı
C aÁ]Á◊LEı ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁ Ã^«„Ã[˝Á„Y Y“◊Tˆ◊úˆTˆ c˜Ã^, Ã[˝ÁLX›◊TÊı aÁ]ÓC EıTÊı Y◊Ã[˝]Á„S
Eı„ÃÊı ÂV„` `ÁaXTˆ‹óˆ C %ÁcÕXYà˘◊Tˆ„Eı %◊W˝EıÁÃ[˝ Eı„Ã[˝* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ }ÁT ˆ„±ºˆÃ[˝ %\ˆÁ„[˝
aÁ]Á◊LEı aÁ]Ó %aêˆ[˝, }ÁT ˆ„±ºˆÃ[˝ %\ˆÁ„[˝ Ã^«„Ã[˝ÁY aÁ]Á◊LEı aÁ„]Ó [˝◊á˚Tˆ c˜Ã^*
AcÕ ◊TˆX ]…_Tˆ„√º¯Ã[˝ Y…SÔ◊[˝EıÁ` YÃ[˝&„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ◊[˝EıÁ„`Ã[˝ =YÃ[˝ ◊X\ˆ¤Ã[˝ Eı„Ã[˝; aÁ]Ó
ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁÃ[˝ Y“◊TˆúˆÁ, aÁ„]ÓÃ[˝ %[˝wÔ¯]Á„X ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁ Y“◊Tˆ◊úˆTˆ c˜Ã^ XÁ* }ÁT ˆ±ºˆ aÁ„]ÓÃ[˝
Y“◊TˆúˆÁ, }ÁT ˆ„±ºˆÃ[˝ %[˝wÔ¯]Á„X aÁ]Ó Y“◊Tˆ◊úˆTˆ c˜Ã^ XÁ* }ÁT ˆ\ˆÁ[˝ UÁ◊Eı„_ }ÁT ˆ±ºˆ*
Ã^«„Ã[˝Á„Y }ÁTˆ \ˆÁ[˝ XÁcÕ, Ã^«„Ã[˝Á„Y aÁ]Ó C ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁ Eı_«◊bTˆ, %Y“◊Tˆ◊úˆTˆ, %a+…SÔ
--- AcÕLXÓ Ã^«„Ã[˝Á„Y Gâ¯„GÁ_ C ◊[˝Y¿[˝ ◊XTˆÓ %[˝ÿöˆÁ c˜cÕÃ^Á VÒÁQÕˆÁcÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜* AcÕ
Gâ¯„GÁ_ C ◊[˝Y¿[˝„Eı Ã^«„Ã[˝ÁY aG„[[˝Ô progress [˝Á =~◊Tˆ [˝„_*
Ã^«„Ã[˝Á„YÃ[˝ Â^ªªR«ÙOE«ı }ÁT ˆ\ˆÁ[˝, TˆÁc˜Á ÂV` _cÕÃ^Á --- AEı„V„`Ã[˝ Â_ÁEı, ◊c˜TˆÁ◊c˜Tˆ
AEı, AEıTˆÁÃ^ LÁTˆ›Ã^ ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁ ◊XÃ[˝ÁYV UÁ„Eı --- AcÕ p˚ÁX Ã^«„Ã[˝Á„YÃ[˝ AEı„±ºˆÃ[˝
Âc˜T«ˆ* TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ◊[˝Ã[˝”„à˘ %ÁÃ[˝-AEıªRÙO› p˚ÁX Vâ¯ÁÃ^]ÁX c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜, Âa AcÕ ---- %Á]Ã[˝Á
aEı„_ ]ÁX«b, ]ÁX«b aEı„_ AEı c˜CÃ^Á =◊ªJÙTˆ, ]ÁX«„b ]ÁX«„b Â\ˆV %p˚ÁXY“a…Tˆ,
%◊XrÙEıÃ[˝; LÁTˆ›^Ã TˆÁ Â\ˆ„VÃ[˝ EıÁÃ[˝S, LÁTˆ›^Ã TˆÁ %p˚ÁXY“aT… ˆ, %◊XrÙEıÁÃ[˝Eı, %TÂ[˝
}ÁT ˆ±ºˆ 137
LÁTˆ›Ã^TˆÁ„Eı [˝#¤X Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ]X«bÓLÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ AEı±ºˆ Y“◊Tˆ◊úˆTˆ Eı◊Ã[˝* ◊[˝„`bTˆf Â^

Z–ıÁ„≥a ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁ, aÁ]Ó C }ÁT ˆ±ºˆÃ[˝÷Y ]c˜ÁXÀ %ÁV`Ô Y“U] Y“ªJÙÁ◊Ã[˝Tˆ c˜Ã^, ÂacÕ
\ˆÁ[˝Y[“ ˝S ÂV„` AcÕ V«cÕ YÃ[˝&[Ã ˝◊[˝„[Ã ˝ÁW˝› p˚Á„XÃ[˝ aeHbÔ Jª Ù◊_„Tˆ‰Kª ˜* %UªJÙ Y“Eı TˆY„l˘
AcÕ V«cÕ p˚ÁX C \ˆÁ[˝ YÃ[˝&Ã[˝◊[˝„Ã[˝ÁW˝› X„c˜* LÁTˆ›Ã^TˆÁC aTˆÓ, ]ÁX[˝LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝
AEıTˆÁC aTˆÓ, V«cÕ a„TˆÓÃ[˝ aÁ]t„aÓcÕ ]ÁX[˝LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ Eı_ÓÁS; ^◊V %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ [˝«◊à˘
AcÕ aÁ]t„aÓ %a]UÔ c˜Ã^, %◊[˝„Ã[˝ÁW˝› Tˆ„√º¯Ã[˝ ◊[˝„Ã[˝Á„W˝ %ÁaN˛ c˜Ã^, ÂacÕ [˝«◊à˘„Eı
}Á‹ôˆ Ã[˝ÁL◊aEı [˝«◊à˘ [˝◊_„Tˆ c˜Ã^*
aÁ]Ó`…XÓ Ã[˝ÁLX›◊TÊı C aÁ]Á◊LEı ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ ◊[˝T ˆb’ c˜cÕÃ^Á Ã^«„Ã[˝ÁY
AFX ÂaÁ◊`Ã^Á◊_L„]Ã[˝ ◊V„Eı W˝Á◊[˝Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜* V«cÕ V_ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜, %ÁXÁ◊EÔırÙ C
ÂaÁ`Á◊_rÙ; %ÁXÁ◊EÔırÙ [˝„_, --- AcÕ Ã[˝ÁLX›◊TÊı ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁ ]ÁÃ^Á, G[˝SÔ„]∞ªRÙO [˝◊_Ã^Á
[˝QÕˆ Â_Á„EıÃ[˝ %TˆÓÁªJÙÁ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ^‹óˆ ÿöˆÁYX Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á Ã[˝ÁLX›◊TÊı ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁ Ã[˝l˘ÁÃ[˝ %L«c˜Á„Tˆ
[˝Ó◊N˛GTˆ ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁ V_X EıÃ[˝Á AcÕ ]ÁÃ^ÁÃ[˝ _l˘S, %TÂ[˝ a[[˝ÔY“EıÁÃ[˝ G[˝SÔ„]∞ªRÙO
=PˆÁcÕÃ^Á VÁC, Y“E ıTˆ ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁ ÿöˆÁYX EıÃ[˝* G[˝SÔ„]‰∞ªRÙOÃ[˝ %[˝wÔ¯]Á„X ÂEı ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁ
C aÁ]Ó Ã[˝l˘Á Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝, [˝_[˝Á„XÃ[˝ %TˆÓÁªJÙÁÃ[˝ ◊X[˝ÁÃ[˝S Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝, AcÕ %ÁY◊w¯Ã[˝ =w¯„Ã[˝
%ÁXÁ◊EÔırÙ [˝„_, ◊`l˘Á◊[˝ÿôˆÁ„Ã[˝ a+…SÔ p˚ÁX C }ÁT ˆ\ˆÁ[˝ ◊[˝ÿôˆÁÃ[˝ EıÃ[˝, p˚ÁX C
}ÁT ˆ\ˆÁ[˝ ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁ C aÁ]Ó Ã[˝l˘Á Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝, ^◊V ÂEıc˜ }ÁT ˆ\ˆÁ[˝ ={IHX Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á
%TˆÓÁªJÙÁÃ[˝ Eı„Ã[˝, TˆÁc˜Á„Eı Â^-„a ] T«ˆÓV„â¯ V◊â¯Tˆ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝* ÂaÁ`Á◊_rÙ AcÕ
EıUÁ [˝„_ XÁ; Âa [˝„_, G[˝SÔ„]∞ªRÙO UÁE«ıEı, G[˝SÔ„]‰∞ªRÙOÃ[˝ Y“„Ã^ÁLX %Á‰ªK˜, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ
a]ÁL C `ÁaXTˆ‹óˆ a+…SÔ aÁ„]ÓÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ Y“◊TˆúˆÁ Eı◊Ã[˝, AFX Â^ a]Á„LÃ[˝ C
`ÁaXTˆ„‹óˆÃ[˝ ÂVÁb %Á‰ªK˜, ÂacÕ aEı_ ae„`Á◊W˝Tˆ c˜cÕ„[˝, ]ÁX[˝LÁ◊Tˆ a+…SÔ a«F›,
ÿëˆÁW˝›X C }ÁT ˆ\ˆÁ[˝ÁY~ c˜cÕ„[˝* ÂacÕLXÓ ÂaÁ`Á◊_rÙ a]ÁL„Eı AEı Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ ªJÙÁÃ^;
[˝Ó◊N˛GTˆ a+◊w¯ XÁ UÁ◊EıÃ^Á a]Á„LÃ[˝ a+◊w¯ ^◊V UÁ„Eı, --- Â^]X AEıÁ~[˝w¯fi
Y◊Ã[˝[˝Á„Ã[˝Ã[˝ a+◊w¯ ÂEıÁX [˝Ó◊N˛Ã[˝ X„c˜, Y◊Ã[˝[˝Á„Ã[˝Ã[˝, Y◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝cÕ ÂVc˜, [˝Ó◊N˛ Âa
ÂV„c˜Ã[˝ %Ü, --- TˆÁc˜Á c˜cÕ„_ a]Á„L Â\ˆV UÁ◊Eı„[˝ XÁ, a]ÁL AEı c˜cÕ„[˝*
%ÁXÁ◊EÔı‰rÙÃ[˝ \«ˆ_, }ÁT ˆ\ˆÁ[˝ ÿöˆÁ◊YTˆ c˜cÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ Y…„[[˝Ô G[˝SÔ„]∞ªRÙO ◊[˝XÁ„`Ã[˝ ÊªJÙrÙÁ*
a+…SÔ }ÁT ˆ\ˆÁ[˝ c˜cÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ %„XEı ◊[˝_∂ëˆ %Á‰ªK˜, cÕ◊Tˆ]„W˝Ó `ÁaXTˆ‹óˆ =PˆÁXÃ[˝ ◊X◊∏JÙTˆ
Zı_ ÂHÁÃ[˝ %Ã[˝ÁLEıTˆÁÃ^ Y£\ˆÁ„[˝Ã[˝ %Á◊W˝YTˆÓ* Ã[˝ÁLÁ a]Á„LÃ[˝ ÂEı≥V–, `ÁaXTˆ‹ó
ˆÿöˆÁY„X ]X«bÓ Y£\ˆÁ[˝ AQÕˆÁcÕ„Tˆ al˘]* ^FX a+…SÔ }ÁT ˆ\ˆÁ[˝ ÿöˆÁ◊YTˆ c˜cÕ„[˝,
TˆFX \ˆG[˝ÁX, ÂEıÁXC YÁ◊UÔ[˝ Y“◊Tˆ◊X◊W˝ ◊X^«N˛ XÁ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ÿëˆÃê Y ◊U[˝›„Tˆ Ã[˝ÁLÓ
Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á aEı„_Ã[˝ c˜÷V„Ã^ ◊aec˜ÁaX YÁ◊TˆÃ^Á [˝◊a„[˝X, F rÙÁX„VÃ[˝ Reign of the
Saints aÁW˝«„VÃ[˝ Ã[˝ÁLÓ, %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ aTˆÓ^«G ÿöˆÁ◊YTˆ c˜cÕ„[˝* ]X«bÓLÁ◊Tˆ ATˆ =~◊Tˆ
_Á\ˆ Eı„Ã[˝ XÁcÕ Â^ AcÕ %[˝ÿöˆÁ `›H– c˜cÕ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝, ÂEı[˝_ AcÕ %[˝ÿöˆÁÃ[˝ %Áe◊Èı
=Y_◊ç˘ aêˆ[˝*
ÂaÁ`Á◊_‰rÙÃ[˝ \«ˆ_ }ÁT ˆ„±ºˆÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ aÁ]Ó Y“◊Tˆ◊úˆTˆ XÁ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á aÁ„]ÓÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝
}ÁT ˆ±ºˆY“◊TˆúˆÁÃ[˝ ÊªJÙrÙÁ* aÁ]Óc˜›X }ÁT ˆ±ºˆ aêˆ[˝; }ÁT ˆ±ºˆc˜›X aÁ]Ó ◊ªRÙO◊Eı„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ XÁ,
]Tˆ„\ˆ„V, Eı_„c˜, %Á◊W˝Y„TˆÓÃ[˝ =ÅÁ] _Á_aÁÃ^ ◊[˝XrÙ c˜cÕ„[˝* Y“U] a+…SÔ
}ÁT ˆ±ºˆ, Y„Ã[˝ a+…SÔ aÁ]Ó*
}ÁT ˆ±ºˆ [˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝Ã[˝ %[˝ÿöˆÁ --- }ÁT ˆ\ˆÁ„[˝ ^◊V UÁ◊Eı, aEı„_Ã[˝ AEı a+◊w¯,
AEı ◊c˜Tˆ, AEı ÊªJÙrÙÁ ^◊V UÁ„Eı, TˆÁc˜Á„EıcÕ }ÁT ˆ±ºˆ [˝„_* [˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝Ã[˝ %[˝ÿöˆÁ %‹ôˆ„Ã[˝Ã[˝
\ˆÁ„[˝ Y“◊Tˆ◊úˆTˆ* }ÁT ˆ‰Y“„] }ÁT ˆ±ºˆ aL›[˝ C aTˆÓ c˜Ã^* ÂacÕ }ÁT ˆ‰Y“„]Ã[˝C
Y“◊TˆúˆÁ ªJÙÁcÕ* %Á]Ã[˝Á AEı ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ a‹ôˆÁX, ÂV`\ˆÁcÕ, AcÕ \ˆÁ[˝ AEıÃ[˝÷Y }ÁT ˆ‰Y“„]Ã[˝
Y“◊TˆúˆÁ, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ÂacÕ \ˆÁ[˝ Ã[˝ÁLX›◊TÊı AEıTˆÁÃ[˝ [˝µ˘X c˜Ã^, TˆÁc˜Á„Tˆ aÁ]Á◊LEı AEıTˆÁ
c˜Ã^ XÁ* %ÁÃ[˝C G\ˆ›Ã[˝ ÿöˆÁ„X Y“„[˝` Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ c˜Ã^, Â^]X ◊X„LÃ[˝ ]Á„Eı %◊Tˆy‘]
Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á aEı„_ ÂV`-]Á„Eı* =YÁaXÁ Eı◊Ã[˝, ÂacÕÃ[˝÷Y ÂV`„Eı %◊Tˆ y‘] Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á
LG#XX›„Eı =Y_◊ç˘ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ c˜Ã^* Fâ¯ `◊N˛„Eı %◊Tˆy‘] Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á a+…SÔ
`◊N˛„Tˆ ÂYgÏ◊ªK˜„Tˆ c˜Ã^* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ Â^]X \ˆÁÃ[˝TˆLXX›Ã[˝ =YÁaXÁÃ^ `Ã[˝›„Ã[˝Ã[˝ LXX›„Eı
%◊Tˆ y‘] Eı◊Ã[˝^Ã ÁC ◊[˝ÿˆÇT ˆ c˜cÕ XÁ, ÂTˆ]XcÕ LG#XX›Ã[˝ =YÁaXÁÃ^ \ˆÁ[Ã ˝TˆLXX›„Eı
%◊Tˆy‘] Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^ÁC ◊[˝ÿˆÇ Tˆ c˜cÕ[˝ XÁ* ◊Tˆ◊XC EıÁ_›, ◊Tˆ◊XC ]Á*
W˝∂ˆÇÔcÕ }ÁT ˆ\ˆÁ„[˝Ã[˝ Y“◊TˆúˆÁ* aEı_ W˝∂ˆÇÔ AcÕ EıUÁ [˝„_ Â^, %Á]Ã[˝Á AEı, Â\ˆV
%p˚ÁXY“a…Tˆ, Â•bY“a…Tˆ, YÁYY“a…Tˆ* ÊY“] aEı_ W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ ]…_ ◊`l˘Á* %Á]Á„VÃ[˝
W˝∂ˆÇÔC [˝„_, %Á]Ã[˝Á aEı„_ AEı, Â\ˆV[˝«◊à˘ %p˚Á„XÃ[˝ _l˘S, p˚ÁX› aEı_„Eı
a]ÁX ªJÙ„l˘ ÂV◊F„[˝X, aEı„_Ã[˝ ]„W˝Ó AEı %Á±¡Á, a]\ˆÁ„[˝ Y“◊Tˆ◊úˆTˆ AEı XÁÃ[˝ÁÃ^S
V`ÔX Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝X* AcÕ \ˆ◊N˛Y…SÔ a]TˆÁ c˜cÕ„Tˆ ◊[˝`ü‰Y“„]Ã[˝ =dY◊w¯ c˜Ã^* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ AcÕ
p˚ÁX ]ÁX[˝LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ YÃ[˝] G‹ôˆ[˝ÓÿöˆÁX, %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ Â`b %[˝ÿöˆÁÃ^ a[[˝Ô[˝ÓÁY› c˜cÕ„[˝;
cÕ◊Tˆ]„W˝Ó TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ %Áe◊Èı =Y_◊ç˘ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ c˜Ã^, %‹ôˆ„Ã[˝, [˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝, Y◊Ã[˝[˝Á„Ã[˝,
a]Á„L, ÂV„`, a[[˝Ô\…ˆ„Tˆ* ]ÁX[˝LÁ◊Tˆ Y◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝, E«ı_, ÂV`, a+“VÁÃ^ Y“\ ˆ◊Tˆ
a ◊rÙ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á `Áÿóˆ [˝Á ◊XÃ^„]Ã[˝ [˝µ˘„X V ªRÕÙ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á AcÕ }ÁT ˆ„±ºˆÃ[˝ ÿöˆÁÃ^› %ÁW˝ÁÃ[˝ GPˆX
Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ ◊ªJÙÃ[˝EıÁ_ Y“Ã^Áa›* AcÕ Y^ÔÓ‹ôˆ ÂacÕ ÊªJÙrÙÁ ◊[˝Zı_ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜* Y“◊TˆúˆÁ %Á‰ªK˜,
* ""W˝∂ˆÇÔ'' Y◊≈yEıÁÃ^ ]«◊V–Tˆ %Á‰ªK˜ "ÂV`\ˆÁcÕ„Ã^Ã[˝ ]Á„Eı'* --- a
}ÁT ˆ±ºˆ 139
%ÁW˝ÁÃ[˝ %Á‰ªK˜, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ }ÁT ˆ„±ºˆÃ[˝ Y“ÁSÃ[˝l˘Eı %l˘Ã^ ÂEıÁX `◊N˛ ªJÙÁcÕ ^Ác˜Á„Tˆ ÂacÕ
Y“◊TˆúˆÁ %l«˘|, ÂacÕ %ÁW˝ÁÃ[˝ ◊ªJÙÃ[˝ÿöˆÁÃ^› [˝Á ◊XTˆÓ X…Tˆ X c˜cÕÃ^Á UÁ„Eı* \ˆG[˝ÁX
AFXC ÂacÕ `◊N˛ Y“EıÁ` Eı„Ã[˝X XÁcÕ* ◊Tˆ◊X Ã[˝Á], E ıb’, ËªJÙTˆXÓ, Ã[˝Á]E ıb’Ã[˝÷„Y
%[˝Tˆ›SÔ c˜cÕÃ^Á ]ÁX„[˝Ã[˝ Eı‰PˆÁÃ[˝ ÿëˆÁUÔY…SÔ c˜÷V„Ã^ ÊY“„]Ã[˝ =Y^«N˛ YÁy c˜cÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝
LXÓ Y“ÿô«ˆTˆ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜X* Eı„[˝ ÂacÕ ◊VX %Á◊a„[˝ ^FX ◊Tˆ◊X %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ %[˝Tˆ›SÔ
c˜cÕÃ^Á ◊ªJÙÃ[˝‰Y“]ÁX≥V ]ÁX[˝c˜÷V„Ã^ aá˚Á◊Ã[˝Tˆ C ÿöˆÁ◊YTˆ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á Y ◊U[˝›„Eı ÿëˆGÔT«ˆ_Ó
Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝X?
\ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ›Ã^ ◊ªJÙy◊[˝VÓÁ
%Á]Á„VÃ[˝ AcÕ \ˆÁÃ[˝TˆLXX› Â^ p˚Á„XÃ[˝, W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝, aÁ◊c˜„TˆÓÃ[˝ ◊`„îÃ[˝ %l˘Ã^
%ÁEıÃ[˝ ◊ªK˜_, TˆÁc˜Á˝ YÁ∏JÙÁTˆÓ C Y“ÁªJÙÓ aEı_ LÁ◊TˆcÕ ÿëˆ›EıÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ [˝ÁW˝Ó c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜*
◊Eı‹ô«ˆ Y…„[[˝Ô Ã^«„Ã[˝Á„YÃ[˝ AcÕ W˝ÁÃ[˝SÁ ◊ªK˜_ Â^, %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ Â^]X =¨JÙ V„Ã[˝Ã[˝ aÁ◊c˜TˆÓ
C ◊`î ◊ªK˜_, \ˆÁ[Ã ˝Tˆ›^Ã ◊ªJÙy◊[˝VÓÁ ÂTˆ]X =dE ırÙ ◊ªK˜_ XÁ, [˝[Ã ˝e Âa LHXÓ ÂaÏ≥V^Ôc˜›X
◊ªK˜_* %Á]Ã[˝ÁC YÁ∏JÙÁTˆÓ p˚Á„X p˚ÁX› c˜cÕÃ^Á ÊªJÙÁ„F Ã^«„Ã[˝ÁY›Ã^ ªJÙ`]Á Y◊Ã[˝Ã^Á \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ›Ã^
◊ªJÙy C ÿöˆÁYTˆÓ V`Ô„X XÁEı ◊aªRÀÙOEıÁcÕÃ^Á ◊XL ]Á◊#¤Tˆ [˝«◊à˘ C ◊X„Å¤Áb Ã[˝”◊ªJÙÃ[˝
Y◊Ã[˝ªJÙÃ^ ◊VTˆÁ]* %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ W˝X›„VÃ[˝ G c˜ G–›Eı Y“◊Tˆ]Á C cÕeÃ[˝ÁL› ªK˜◊[˝Ã[˝ castA
[˝Á ◊X#fi[˝ %X«EıÃ[˝„S \ˆ◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ÂG_, aÁW˝ÁÃ[˝S Â_Á„EıÃ[˝ [˝ÁQÕˆ›Ã[˝ ÂVCÃ^Á_ LHXÓ
ÈTˆ_◊ªJÙ‰y Â`Á◊\ˆTˆ c˜cÕ„Tˆ _Á◊G_* Â^ \ˆÁÃ[˝TˆLÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ Ã[˝”◊ªJÙ C ◊`îªJÙÁT«ˆ^ÔÓ LG„Tˆ
%Y“◊Tˆ] ◊ªK˜_, [˝SÔ C Ã[˝÷Y G–c˜„S Â^ \ˆÁÃ[˝TˆLÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ Ã[˝÷◊ªJÙ ÿëˆ\ˆÁ[˝Tˆf ◊X\«ˆ¤_ ◊ªK˜_,
ÂacÕ LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ ÊªJÙÁF %µ˘, [˝«◊à˘ \ˆÁ[˝G–c˜„S %l˘], Ã[˝”◊ªJÙ cÕTˆÁ_›Ã^ E«ı_›-]L«„Ã[˝Ã[˝ Ã[˝”◊ªJÙ
c˜cÕ„Tˆ %W˝] c˜cÕ_* Ã[˝ÁLÁ Ã[˝◊[˝[˝∂ˆÇÔÁ \ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝ Ê`“úˆ ◊ªJÙyEıÃ[˝ [˝◊_Ã^Á ◊[˝FÓÁTˆ c˜cÕ„Tˆ
YÁ◊Ã[˝„_X* a+“◊Tˆ Eı„^Ã EıLX [Ã ˝ap˚ [˝Ó◊N˛Ã[˝ =VÓ„] \ˆÁ[Ã ˝Tˆ[˝Áa›Ã[˝ ÊªJÙÁF F«◊_„Tˆ‰Kª ˜,
◊X„LÃ[˝ l˘]TˆÁ, ◊X„LÃ[˝ B`ü^ÔÓ [˝«◊Mı„Tˆ %ÁÃ[˝êˆ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜* `“›^«Tˆ %[˝X›≥V–XÁU
PˆÁE«ı„Ã[˝Ã[˝ %aÁW˝ÁÃ[˝S Y“◊Tˆ\ˆÁÃ[˝ ÊY“Ã[˝SÁÃ^ %X«Y“Á◊STˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á Eı„ÃÊıLX ^«[˝Eı _«ä
\ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ›Ã^ ◊ªJÙy◊[˝VÓÁÃ[˝ Y«XÃ[˝”à˘ÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜X, TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ Y“◊Tˆ\ˆÁÃ[˝ m„S [˝Ü„V„`
X…TˆX ^«„GÃ[˝ a…ªJÙXÁ c˜cÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜* cÕc˜ÁÃ[˝ Y„Ã[˝ %Á`Á EıÃ[˝Á ^ÁÃ^ Â^, \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ cÕeÃ[˝Á„LÃ[˝
ÊªJÙÁ„F XÁ ÂV◊FÃ^Á ◊XL ÊªJÙÁ„F ÂV◊F„[˝, YÁ∏JÙÁ„TˆÓÃ[˝ %X«EıÃ[˝S Y◊Ã[˝TˆÓÁG Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á
◊XL Y“Át_ [˝«◊à˘Ã[˝ =YÃ[˝ ◊X\ˆ¤Ã[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ ◊ªJÙ◊≈yTˆ Ã[˝÷Y C [˝„SÔ \ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝
aXÁTˆX \ˆÁ[˝ [˝ÓN˛ Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝*
\ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ›Ã^ ◊ªJÙy◊[˝VÓÁÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ YÁ∏JÙÁ„TˆÓÃ[˝ ◊[˝T ˆb’ÁÃ[˝ V«cÕ EıÁÃ[˝S %Á‰ªK˜* TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á
[˝„_X, \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ›Ã^ ◊ªJÙyEıÃ[˝GS natureAÃ[˝ %X«EıÃ[˝S Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ %l˘], ◊PÊı ]ÁX«„bÃ[˝
]Tˆ ]ÁX«b, ÂHÁQÕˆÁÃ[˝ ]Tˆ ÂHÁQÕˆÁ, GÁ‰ªK˜Ã[˝ ]Tˆ GÁªK˜ XÁ %Ág◊EıÃ^Á ◊[˝E ıTˆ ]…◊wÔ¯ Eı„Ã[˝X,
TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ perspective XÁcÕ, ªK˜◊[˝m„_Á ªJÙÓÁ¥ªRÙOÁ C %ÿëˆÁ\ˆÁ◊[˝Eı Â[˝ÁW˝ c˜Ã^* ◊•Tˆ›Ã^
%ÁY◊w¯, AcÕ aEı_ ªK˜◊[˝„Tˆ a«≥VÃ[˝ \ˆÁ[˝ C a«≥VÃ[˝ Ã[˝÷„YÃ[˝ ◊XTˆÁ‹ôˆ %\ˆÁ[˝* Â`„bÁN˛
%ÁY◊w¯ %ÁÃ[˝ Ã^«„Ã[˝ÁY›„Ã^Ã[˝ ]«„F £XÁ ^ÁÃ^ XÁ* %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ Y«Ã[˝ÁTˆX [˝«à˘]…◊wÔ¯Ã[˝ %T«ˆ_-
X›Ã^ `Á‹ôˆ\ˆÁ[˝, %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ Y«Ã[˝ÁTˆX V«GÔÁ]…◊wÔ¯„Tˆ %YÁ◊UÔ[˝ `◊N˛Ã[˝ Y“EıÁ` ÂV◊FÃ^Á
Ã^«„Ã[˝ÁY›Ã^GS Y“›Tˆ C ÿôˆ◊êˆTˆ c˜X* ^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á ◊[˝_Á„Tˆ Ê`“úˆ a]Á„_ÁªJÙEı [˝◊_Ã^Á ◊[˝FÓÁTˆ
\ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ›Ã^ ◊ªJÙy◊[˝VÓÁ 141
TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á ÿëˆ›EıÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X Â^, \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ›Ã^ ◊ªJÙyEıÃ[˝ Ã^«„Ã[˝Á„YÃ[˝ perspective XÁ

LÁX«X, \ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝ Â^ perspectiveAÃ[˝ ◊XÃ^] ªTˆÁc˜Á %◊Tˆ a«≥VÃ[˝, a+…SÔ C aÜTˆ*
\ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ›Ã^ ◊ªJÙyEıÃ[˝ C %XÓÁXÓ ◊`î› Â^ ◊PÊı [˝Ác˜Ó LG„TˆÃ[˝ %X«EıÃ[˝S Eı„Ã[˝X XÁ,
cÕc˜Á aTˆÓ* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ aÁ]„UÔÓÃ[˝ %\ˆÁ„[˝ X„c˜, TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ =„Å`Ó [˝Ác˜Ó V `Ó C %ÁE ı◊Tˆ
%◊Tˆy‘] Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á %‹ôˆfÿöˆ \ˆÁ[˝ C aTˆÓ Y“EıÁ` EıÃ[˝Á* [˝Ác˜Ó %ÁE ı◊Tˆ AcÕ %Á‹ôˆ◊Ã[˝Eı
a„TˆÓÃ[˝ %Á[˝Ã[˝S, ªK˜≤ø„[˝` --- ÂacÕ ªK˜≤ø„[˝„`Ã[˝ ÂaÏ≥V„^ÔÓ ]G¬ c˜cÕÃ^Á %Á]Ã[˝Á ^Ác˜Á
◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ _«EıÁcÕÃ^Á Ã[˝◊c˜Ã^Á‰ªK˜, TˆÁc˜Á G–c˜S Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝ XÁ* %TÂ[˝ \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ›Ã^
◊ªJÙyEıÃ[˝GS cÕ¨K˜Á Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á [˝Ác˜Ó %ÁE ı◊Tˆ [˝V_ÁcÕÃ^Á %Á‹ôˆ◊Ã[˝Eı aTˆÓ Y“EıÁ` Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝
=Y„^ÁG› Eı◊Ã[˝„_X* TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á ◊Eı a«≥VÃ[˝\ˆÁ„[˝ Y“„TˆÓEı %„Ü A[˝e ªJÙT«ˆ◊Å¤„EıÃ[˝ V „`Ó,
%Áa„X, Â[˝„`, ]ÁX◊aEı \ˆÁ[˝ [˝Á HªRÙOXÁÃ[˝ %‹ôˆGÔTˆ aTˆÓ Y“EıÁ` Eı„Ã[˝X, TˆÁc˜Á
ÂV◊FÃ^Á ªJÙ]dE ıTˆ c˜cÕ„Tˆ c˜Ã^* cÕc˜ÁcÕ \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ›Ã^ ◊ªJÙ‰yÃ[˝ Y“W˝ÁX mS, ªJÙÃ[˝] =dEıbÔ*
YÁ∏JÙÁTˆÓ [˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ◊]UÓÁ %X«\ˆ[˝ _cÕÃ^Á [˝Óÿôˆ, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á ªK˜ÁÃ^ÁÃ[˝ \ˆN˛; Y“ÁªJÙÓ
◊\ˆTˆ„[Ã ˝[Ã ˝ aTˆÓ %X«aµ˘ÁX Eı„[Ã ˝X, %Á]Ã[˝Á ◊X„TˆÓ[Ã ˝ \ˆN˛* YÁ∏JÙÁTˆÓ `Ã[˝›„Ã[˝[Ã ˝ =YÁaEı,
%Á]Ã[˝Á %Á±¡ÁÃ[˝ =YÁaEı* YÁ∏JÙÁTˆÓ XÁ]-Ã[˝÷„Y %X«Ã[˝N˛, %Á]Ã[˝Á ◊XTˆÓ[˝ÿô«ˆ XÁ
YÁcÕÃ^Á ◊EıªK«˜„TˆcÕ a‹ô«ˆrÙ c˜cÕ„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝ XÁ* AcÕ Y“„\ˆV Â^]X W˝„∂ˆÇÔ, V`Ô„X, aÁ◊c˜„TˆÓ
--- ÂTˆ]XcÕ ◊ªJÙy◊[˝VÓÁÃ^ C ÿöˆÁYTˆÓ◊[˝VÓÁÃ^ a[[˝Ôy Y“EıÁ` YÁÃ^*
""W˝∂ˆÇÔ'' Y◊≈yEıÁÃ[˝ a+ÁVEı›Ã^
W˝∂ˆÇÔ, 1] aeFÓÁ, 7cÕ \ˆÁV–, 1316
Y“Á„V◊Èı a◊]◊TˆÃ[˝ %◊W˝„[˝`X

Y“Á„V◊Èı a◊]◊TˆÃ[˝ %◊W˝„[˝`X %ÁGTˆY“ÁÃ^* GTˆ[˝daÃ[˝ YÁ[˝XÁÃ[˝ %◊W˝„[˝`„X
[˝Ü„V„`Ã[˝ a]„[˝Tˆ Y“◊Tˆ◊X◊W˝GS Â[˝Á„∂ëˆ-X›◊Tˆ [˝#¤X Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á [˝Ü„V„` BEıÓ Ã[˝l˘Á
Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜„_X* %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ◊[˝`üÁa ßG_›Ã[˝ %◊W˝„[˝`„XC ÂacÕ £\ˆYU %X«aÃ[˝S
EıÃ[˝Á c˜cÕ„[˝* £◊XÃ^Á a«F› c˜cÕ_Á], ßG_›Ã[˝ %\ˆÓUÔXÁ a◊]◊Tˆ YÁ[˝XÁÃ[˝ Y“ÿôˆÁ[˝-
aEı„_Ã[˝ =YÃ[˝ _l˘Ó Ã[˝Á◊FÃ^Á AcÕ %◊W˝„[˝`„XÃ[˝ Y“ÿôˆÁ[˝m◊_ Ã[˝ªJÙXÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ Y“Ã^Áa›
c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜X* ◊[˝„`b %Á[˝`ÓEı ◊[˝bÃ^ V«cÕªRÙO›cÕ %Á‰ªK˜* %ÁLEıÁ_ Ã[˝ÁLX›◊TÊı [˝ÃÊıªªRÙO
[˝#¤X Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á X«X ◊ªJÙ◊XÃ[˝ [˝ÃÊıªªRÙOcÕ [˝LÁÃ^ Ã[˝Á◊F[˝ÁÃ[˝ ◊[˝„`b %ÁG–c˜ %„XEı ◊[˝p˚
[˝Ó◊N˛Ã[˝ ]„X L◊XΩÃ^Á‰ªK˜* %Á`Á Eı◊Ã[˝ AcÕ ◊[˝p˚TˆÁ [˝Ü„V„`Ã[˝ Y“◊Tˆ◊X◊W˝[˝„GÔÃ[˝ ◊Y“Ã^
XÁ c˜cÕÃ^Á a[[˝Ôa∂ˆÇ◊Tˆy‘„] Y“TˆÓÁFÓÁTˆ c˜cÕ„[˝* ◊•Tˆ›Ã^ %Á[˝`ÓEı ◊[˝bÃ^ LÁTˆ›Ã^
]c˜Áa\ˆÁ* YÁ[˝XÁÃ^ AcÕ a∂ëˆ„µ˘ Â^ Y“ÿôˆÁ[˝ G c˜›Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜_, Âa Y“ÿôˆÁ[˝cÕ c˜cÕÃ^Á
Ã[˝◊c˜_, TˆÁc˜Á EıÁ„^ÔÓ Y◊Ã[˝STˆ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ Â_`]Áy ÊªJÙrÙÁ c˜Ã^ XÁcÕ* AcÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ a]G–
[˝Ü„V„`Ã[˝ ]Tˆ C %ÁEıÁIl˘Á ^Ác˜Á„Tˆ =„Y◊l˘Tˆ XÁ c˜Ã^ ÂacÕÃ[˝÷Y [˝Ó[˝ÿöˆÁ EıÃ[˝Á
Y“Á„V◊Èı a◊]◊TˆÃ[˝ Y“W˝ÁX EıwÔ¯[˝Ó*
%„`ÁEı X≥V›Ã[˝ YÃ[˝„_ÁEı Y“Á◊ä

%Á◊_Y«Ã[˝ Â[˝Á]ÁÃ[˝ Â]ÁEıÅ]ÁÃ^ %◊\ˆ^«N˛ ^«[˝Eı %„`ÁEı X≥V› l˘Ã^„Ã[˝Á„G ÂVc˜-
]«N˛ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜X* ÂL„_Ã[˝ EırÙ l˘Ã^„Ã[˝Á„GÃ[˝ AEı]Áy EıÁÃ[˝S* ^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á AcÕ ^«[˝Eı„Eı
◊ªJÙ◊X„TˆX, TˆÁgc˜ÁÃ[˝Á aEı„_cÕ LÁ„XX Â^, ÂEıÁXC c˜TˆÓÁEıÁ„â¯ [˝Á bQÕˆ^„‹óˆ %„`ÁEı
X≥V›Ã[˝ Y„l˘ ae◊_ä c˜CÃ^Á a+…SÔ %aêˆ[˝* ◊Tˆ◊X %◊Tˆ`Ã^ `Á‹ôˆ, ◊XÃ[˝›c˜, W˝Á◊∂ˆÇÔEı
C ÊY“]W˝∂ˆÇYÔ [Ã ˝Á^Ã S ◊ªK˜„_X* ◊Tˆ◊X ÂL„_ Â^ÁGY„U %„XEı %G–a[Ã ˝ c˜c˜^ÃO Á ] Tˆ« Óa]„Ã^
Â^ÁGÁÃ[˝÷ªRÕÙ %[˝ÿöˆÁÃ^cÕ \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ XÁ] ÿˆÇÃ[˝S Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ W˝Ã[˝ÁW˝Á] Y◊Ã[˝TˆÓÁG
Eı◊ÃÃ[˝„_X* TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ EıTÊı Y◊Ã[˝ªJÙÃ^ [˝ÁÃ[˝Á‹ôˆ„Ã[˝ ÂVCÃ^Á c˜cÕ„[˝*
Âc˜Ã^ÁÃ[˝ r—Ù›‰ªªRÙO aÃ[˝_TˆÁ

%Á]Á„VÃ[˝ Âc˜^Ã ÁÃ[˝ r—Ù›ªRÙO ◊X[˝Áa› ac˜„^ÁG›Ã[˝ aÃ[˝_TˆÁ ÂV◊FÃ^Á %Á]Ã[˝Á Y“›Tˆ c˜c˜_O Á]*
ac˜„^ÁG›Ã[˝ ]TˆY“EıÁ„` _«„EıÁªJ«Ù◊Ã[˝Ã[˝ %\ˆÓÁa XÁcÕ* aTˆÓEıUÁ [˝◊_„Tˆ c˜cÕ„_ aÃ[˝_
[˝Á_„EıÃ[˝ XÓÁÃ^ [˝◊_Ã^Á ÂZı„_; ◊]UÓÁEıUÁÃ[˝ ^◊V Y“„Ã^ÁLX c˜Ã^ aTˆÓ ◊]UÓÁ ◊]◊`“Tˆ
XÁ Eı◊[Ã ˝^Ã Á [˝Á_„Eı[Ã ˝ ]Tˆ =VÁÃ[˝\ˆÁ„[˝ a+…SÔ ◊]UÓÁ EıUÁ =VG›Ã[˝S Eı„[Ã ˝* ◊Eı‰Jª ÙXÁ„Ã[˝[Ã ˝
ÈaXÓaeïıÁ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ a∂ëˆ„µ˘ ÂacÕ◊VX YÁ_ÔÁ„]‰∞ªRÙO [˝ÁV◊[˝[˝ÁV c˜cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜_; ÂacÕ =Y_„l˘Ó
ÿëˆXÁ]W˝XÓ aÁÃ[˝ AQˆC◊Ã^X Eı◊_X AcÕ ]Tˆ ÂHÁbSÁ Eı◊[Ã ˝^Ã Á‰ªK˜X Â^, AcÕ ÈaXÓaeïıÁ„Ã[˝
Â^ \ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝ LÁTˆ›Ã^ ÂaXÁ a rÙ C G◊PˆTˆ c˜cÕ‰Tˆ‰ªK˜, TˆÁc˜Á„Tˆ \ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝ LÁTˆ›Ã^
V„_Ã[˝ =„Å„`ÓÃ[˝ aÁc˜Á^Ó C ÂYÁbEıTˆÁ EıÃ[˝Á c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜* cÕe◊_`]ÓÁXC AcÕ ]„Tˆ
]Tˆ ◊VÃ^Á‰ªK˜* AcÕ Y^Ô‹ôˆ ÈaXÓGPˆ„X Â\ˆVX›◊Tˆ a^‰±Ûˆ Ã[˝◊l˘Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á %Á◊aÃ^Á‰ªK˜,
^Ác˜Á„Tˆ Y∑ªRÙO„X Y∑ªRÙO„X ac˜ÁX«\…ˆ◊Tˆ C AEıTˆÁ XÁ c˜Ã^, \ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝ ◊\ˆ~ ◊\ˆ~ LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝
c˜÷V„Ã^ AEıY“ÁSTˆÁ XÁ %Á„a, ÂacÕ ÊªJÙrÙÁ C _l˘Ó EıFXC Y◊Ã[˝[˝◊#¤Tˆ c˜Ã^ XÁcÕ*
_QÔˆ ◊Eı‰ªJÙXÁÃ[˝ AcÕ aEı_ Â\ˆV ◊[˝XÁ` Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á [˝ ◊ªRÙO` aÁ∂ÉˆÁ„LÓÃ[˝ Y“W˝ÁX ÿôˆêˆ =∑ªRÙOÁcÕÃ^Á
ÂZı◊_Ã^Á‰ªK˜X* c˜cO ˜Á„Tˆ ac˜„^ÁG› ÿëˆ›EıÁ[Ã ˝ Eı◊[Ã ˝^Ã Á‰ªK˜X Â^, AFXEıÁ[Ã ˝ Âÿëˆ¨K˜ÁTˆ‹ˆó \ˆÁ[Ã ˝„Tˆ[Ã ˝
LÁTˆ›Ã^ AEıTˆÁÃ[˝ Y“◊TÊ…ı_ C ◊[˝„Ã[˝ÁW˝› ◊ªK˜_* AEıTˆÁÃ[˝ %\ˆÁ„[˝ \ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝ =~◊TˆÃ[˝
YU c˜Ã^ XÁcÕ* %TÂ[˝ Â^ Âÿëˆ¨K˜ÁTˆ‹óˆ TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Y“W˝ÁX Y úˆ„YÁb„EıÃ[˝ EıUÁÃ^ ÂV„`Ã[˝
=~◊TˆÃ[˝ Y“◊TÊ…ı_ [˝◊_Ã^Á Y“]Á◊STˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜, ÂacÕ Âÿëˆ¨K˜ÁTˆ‹óˆ„Eı È[˝W˝ =YÁ„Ã^
Y“LÁTˆ„‹óˆ Y◊Ã[˝STˆ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÊªJÙrÙÁ \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ[˝Áa›Ã[˝ Y„l˘ ÂVÁbÁ[˝c˜ XÁ c˜cÕÃ^Á ÿëˆÁ\ˆÁ◊[˝Eı,
%◊X[˝Á^ÔÓ A[˝e Â^]X \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ ÂTˆ]XcÕ ◊[˝_Á„TˆÃ[˝ ]Ü_Y“V Y“◊TˆY~ EıÃ[˝Á c˜cÕ_*
◊[˝_ÁTˆ-^ÁyÁÃ^ _Á\ˆ
%Á]Á„VÃ[˝ YÃ[˝]Y…LX›Ã^ ÂV`XÁÃÊı C Ê`“úˆ [˝N˛Á `“›^«N˛ a«„[Ã ˝≥V–XÁU [˝„≥VÓÁYÁW˝ÓÁÃ^
◊[˝_Á„Tˆ ◊[˝„`b a∂ˆÇÁ◊XTˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á ◊Zı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á %Á◊aÃ^Á‰ªK˜X* ÂacÕ a∂ˆÇÁX_Á„\ˆ %Á]Ã[˝ÁC
Y“›Tˆ c˜c˜_O Á]* %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ AEıLX [˝N˛Á c˜eO [Ã ˝ÁL› \ˆÁbÁÃ^ ◊[˝_Á„Tˆ[Ã ˝ Ê`“úˆ [˝ÁGΩ›aEı„_Ã[˝
a]ÁX Y“◊Tˆ\ˆÁ, \ˆÁbÁ_Á◊_TˆÓ C CL◊ÿëˆTˆÁ ÂVFÁcÕÃ^Á ◊[˝Y„l˘Ã[˝C Y“èaÁ C a∂ˆÇÁX
_Á\ˆ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X, TˆÁc˜Á„Tˆ ÂV„`Ã[˝ ÂGÏÃ[˝[˝C [˝ ◊à˘ c˜cÕ_, [˝ÁÜÁ_›Ã[˝ [˝«◊à˘Ã[˝ Ê`“úˆTˆÁC
Y“]Á◊STˆ c˜cÕ_* TÛÁ◊Y ATˆ Y◊Ã[˝`“„]Ã[˝ Zı_ ^◊V [˝Ó◊N˛GTˆ a∂ˆÇÁ„XcÕ a›]Á[˝à˘
c˜Ã^, TˆÁc˜Á c˜cÕ„_ a«„Ã[˝≥V–[˝Á[˝«Ã[˝ ◊[˝_ÁTˆ ^ÁyÁ [˝Ó◊N˛Ã[˝ Y„l˘ a„‹ôˆÁbLXEı c˜cÕ„_C
""W˝∂ˆÇÔ'' Y◊≈yEıÁÃ[˝ a+ÁVEı›Ã^ 149
ÂV„`Ã[˝ Y„l˘ ◊[˝Zı_ ÊªJÙrÙÁ [˝◊_„Tˆ c˜Ã^* %Á]Ã[˝Á cÕeÃ[˝Á„LÃ[˝ ◊XEıªRÙO [˝«◊à˘Ã[˝ Y“èaÁ
C [˝Á◊GΩTˆÁÃ[˝ %ÁVÃ[˝ %#¤X Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ [˝ÓG– X◊c˜, LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ %◊W˝EıÁÃ[˝ aEı_ %ÁVÁÃ^
Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ ªJÙÁ◊c˜„Tˆ◊ªK˜* a«„Ã[˝≥V–[˝Á[˝«Ã[˝ ◊TˆX ]Áa Y“[˝Á„a C HX HX [˝N ˛TˆÁÃ^ cÕeÃ[˝ÁL
LÁ◊Tˆ Â^ AcÕ =„Å„`ÓÃ[˝ ◊Eı◊á˚XΩÁy %X«E…ı_ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ÂEıÁXC _l˘S
ÂV◊F„Tˆ◊Kª ˜ XÁ* =c˜Á[Ã ˝Á ]W˝ÓY‹öˆ› V„_Ã[˝ [Ã ˝ÁL\ˆ◊N˛Ã[˝ a∂ëˆ„µ˘ EıTÊıRª ÙÁO %Á`üÿˆô c˜c˜^ÃO Á‰ªK˜X
]Áy* cÕc˜Á„Tˆ a«„Ã[˝≥V–[˝Á[˝« ]W˝ÓY‹öˆ› V„_Ã[˝ E ıTˆp˚TˆÁ\ˆÁLX C W˝XÓ[˝Á„VÃ[˝ Â^ÁGÓ
c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜X, a„≥Vc˜ XÁcÕ* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ◊Tˆ◊X ◊[˝_Á„Tˆ ÂV„`Ã[˝ Y“\…ˆTˆ Âa[˝Á C =YEıÁÃ[˝
Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á %Á◊aÃ^Á‰ªK˜X [˝◊_Ã^Á Â^ %L«c˜Á„Tˆ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ a∂ˆÇÁXXÁ c˜cÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜ TˆÁc˜Á %]…_Eı*
a«„Ã[˝≥V–[˝Á[˝« Y…LÁc˜¤ C a∂ˆÇÁXX›Ã^ [˝◊_Ã^Á ◊[˝„V` c˜cÕ„Tˆ Y«XÃ[˝ÁG]XEıÁ„_ TgˆÁc˜Á„Eı
Y…LÁ C a∂ˆÇÁX EıÃ[˝Á ÿëˆÁ\ˆÁ◊[˝Eı C Y“èaX›Ã^; %XÓ %_›Eı EıÁÃ[˝S ÂVFÁcÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝
Y“„^Ã ÁLX ◊ªK˜_ XÁ* ÂV`„a[˝Á[Ã ˝ ]„W˝Ó ◊Tˆ◊X ◊[˝_Á„Tˆ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ [Ã ˝ÁLX›◊TÊı %◊W˝EıÁ„Ã[˝[Ã ˝
VÁ[˝› LÁXÁcÕÃ^Á %Á◊aÃ^Á‰ªK˜X* =YEıÁ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ]„W˝Ó %Á„≥VÁ_„XÃ[˝ a∂ëˆ„µ˘ Eı„ÃÊıL„XÃ[˝
[˝Ó◊N˛GTˆ ]Tˆ %î]Áy ae„`Á◊W˝Tˆ c˜c˜„O TˆC YÁ„Ã[˝* %Á]Ã[˝Á AcÕ %î_Á„\ˆ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝
Ã[˝ÁLX›◊TˆÃ[˝ =„Å„`ÓÃ[˝ ◊V„Eı AEı YVC %G–aÃ[˝ c˜cÕ XÁcÕ*
_â¯„X LÁTˆ›Ã^ ]c˜Áa\ˆÁ

`“›^«N˛ a«„[Ã ˝≥V–XÁU Â^Ï[˝XEıÁ_ c˜c˜„O Tˆ >X◊[˝e` `TˆÁå›Ã[˝ ◊X„[˝VX-Y“W˝ÁX EıÁTˆ[Ã ˝
Ã[˝ÁLX›◊Tˆ„Tˆ %\ˆÓÿôˆ, ÿöˆÁ„X ÿöˆÁ„X cÕeÃ[˝ÁL„VÃ[˝ ""LÃ^LÃÊıÁÃ[˝'' `“[˝S Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝
ÂacÕ ◊[˝Zı_ X›◊Tˆ„Tˆ ◊[˝`üÁaÿöˆÁYX C ◊X„[˝VX-Y“[˝STˆÁ„Eı Y«XÃ[˝”#›◊[˝Tˆ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝
ÊªJÙrÙÁ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Y„l˘ AcÕ ◊[˝„V`^ÁyÁÃ[˝ %◊X[˝Á^ÔÓ Zı_* AFX ◊Lp˚ÁaÓ AcÕ, `“›^«N˛
a«„Ã[˝≥V–XÁU ^Ác˜ÁcÕ EıÃ[˝”X, ÂV`[˝Áa› A[˝e ◊[˝„`bTˆf [˝Ü[˝Áa›, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ AcÕ [˝ UÁ
ÊªJÙrÙÁÃ^ aÁc˜Á^Ó Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ Y“ÿô«ˆTˆ ◊Eı? ÂEıÁXC [˝Ó◊N˛GTˆ ]Tˆ •ÁÃ[˝Á AcÕ LÁ◊Tˆ %ÁÃ[˝
Y◊Ã[˝ªJÙÁ◊_Tˆ c˜cÕ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ XÁ* =„Å`Ó, Y“„Ã^ÁLX C ^«◊N˛ ÂV◊FÃ^Á ÂV„`Ã[˝ Y„l˘
^Ác˜Á Eı_ÓÁSEıÃ[˝, Ã[˝ÁLX›◊Tˆ„l˘‰y ^Ác˜Á ◊a◊à˘VÁÃÊı, `◊N˛ C %UÔ[˝Ó„Ã^Ã[˝ T«ˆ_XÁÃ^
^Ác˜Á[Ã ˝ Zı_ a„‹ôˆÁbLXEı, TˆÁc˜ÁcÕ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ %X«„úˆ^Ã * a«„[Ã ˝≥V–[˝Á[˝« Â^ ""LÃ^LÃÊıÁ„Ã[˝ ''
\«ˆ_ ◊[˝`üÁa Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á Y«Ã[˝ÁTˆX Y„U ◊Zı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ^ÁcÕ„Tˆ [˝Óÿôˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜X, Âa TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝
%aÁW˝Á[Ã ˝S [˝Á◊GΩTˆÁ[Ã ˝ Y“èaÁ; TgˆÁc˜Á[Ã ˝ [Ã ˝ÁLX›◊TÊı ]„Tˆ[Ã ˝ a]UÔX %U[˝Á [Ã ˝ÁLX›◊TÊı
VÁ[˝›Ã[˝ %X«E…ı_TˆÁ-Y“EıÁÈı XÃ^* ^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á \ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝ =~◊TˆÃ[˝ Y“W˝ÁX ◊[˝Ã[˝”à˘ÁªJÙÁÃ[˝›,
TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ÁC AcÕ ""LÃ^LÃÊıÁ„Ã[˝'' =¨JÙEı„¢ˆ Â^ÁG ◊VÃ^Á‰ªK˜X* cÕc˜Á„Tˆ ◊Eı Â[˝ÁMıÁ ÂG_
Â^, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á \ˆ◊[˝bÓ„Tˆ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ÿëˆÁÃ^w¯`ÁaX [˝Á ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁÃ[˝ %X«E…ı_ %ÁªJÙÃ[˝S

Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝X? cÕc˜Á EıFXC aêˆ[˝ XÃ^* AcÕ [˝Á◊GΩTˆÁY“\ˆÁ„[˝ TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ ]Tˆ C %ÁªJÙÃ[˝S
◊Eı◊á˚XΩÁy Y◊Ã[˝[˝◊wÔ¯Tˆ c˜Ã^ XÁcÕ* ^◊V a«„Ã[˝≥V–[˝Á[˝«Ã[˝ [˝N ˛TˆÁÃ^ ÂEıÁX ◊[˝„`b [˝Á ÿöˆÁÃ^›
Zı_ c˜c˜_O XÁ, Tˆ„[˝ ◊Eı ÂGÁF„_, Â]c˜TˆÁ, ]Á_◊[˝^Ã Á, E ıb’ÿëˆÁ]›Ã[˝ ◊]◊_Tˆ [˝N˛ TˆÁ‰ÿÉˆÁ„Tˆ
cÕeÃ[˝Á„LÃ[˝ Eı◊PˆX ]X ATˆcÕ ◊\ˆ◊L[˝ÁÃ[˝ %Á`Á %Á‰ªK˜ Â^ AcÕ \…ˆTˆ`“Á„à˘ %Á]Ã[˝Á
%LÿÉˆ Rª ÙÁO EıÁ Rª ÙÁ◊_„Tˆ [˝ÁW˝Ó? c˜eO [Ã ˝ÁL LÁ◊Tˆ EıÁ^ÔÓYªRª Ù« O C ◊[˝Jª Ùl˘S, ÂEı[˝_]Áy [˝N˛ TˆÁ^Ã
\«ˆ„_ XÁ, ÿëˆÁUÔ C ÂV„`Ã[˝ ◊c˜Tˆ ÂV◊FÃ^Á Ã[˝ÁLX›◊TÊı Y‹öˆÁ ◊Xà˘¤ÁÃ[˝S Eı„Ã[˝* %Á]Ã[˝Á
%Á„G LÁ◊XTˆÁ] =c˜Á„VÃ[˝ ◊XEıªRÙO \ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝ V«fF, Eı∂ˆÇÔªJÙÁÃ[˝›„VÃ[˝ %TˆÓÁªJÙÁÃ[˝ p˚ÁYX
Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝„_ [˝ ◊ªRÙO` Y“LÁTˆ„‹óˆÃ[˝ AEı EıUÁÃ^cÕ %ÁEıÁ` c˜cÕ„Tˆ ÿëˆGÔ XÁ◊]Ã^Á
%Á◊a„[˝* ÂacÕ }Á◊‹ôˆ H«◊ªJÙÃ^Á ◊GÃ^Á‰ªK˜, %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÂEıc˜ Â^X ÂacÕ Y«Ã[˝ÁTˆX Â]Ác˜
=dYÁVX Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ Y“Ã^Áa XÁ YÁX, YÁcÕ„_C ÂV` £◊X„[˝ XÁ* cÕeÃ[˝ÁL LÁ◊Tˆ„Eı
A]X [˝ c˜d ◊Eı ÿëˆÁUÔ ÂVFÁcÕ„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝ ^Ác˜Á„Tˆ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á LÁTˆ›Ã^ G[[˝Ô, _Á\ˆ C Y“\«ˆ±ºˆ
Y◊Ã[˝TˆÓÁG Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á AEıªRÙO› E ıb’[˝SÔ LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ c˜‰ÿôˆ ◊[˝◊LTˆ ÂV„`Ã[˝ a]ÿôˆ `ÁaX\ˆÁÃ[˝
ªK˜Á◊QÕˆ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ A[˝e ÂEıÁXÀ =YÁ„Ã^ ÂacÕ [˝ c˜d ÿëˆÁ„UÔÃ[˝ Y“„Ã^ÁLX›Ã^TˆÁ TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝
c˜÷VÃ^Ü] c˜cÕ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝, cÕc˜ÁcÕ ◊[˝„[˝ªJÙÓ* aÁ∂ÉˆÁLÓÃ[˝l˘Á ◊\ˆ~ A]X ÂEıÁX [˝ c˜d ÿëˆÁUÔ
XÁcÕ* aÁ∂ÉˆÁLÓÃ[˝l˘ÁÃ[˝ %Á`ÁÃ^ ÿëˆÁÃ^w¯`ÁaX ÂVCÃ^Á cÕeÃ[˝ÁL Ã[˝ÁLX›◊Tˆ„Tˆ X…TˆX Y‹öˆÁ
XÃ^ Tˆ„[˝ AcÕ =YÁ„Ã^Ã[˝ Y“„Ã^ÁLX›Ã^TˆÁ TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ a+…SÔ c˜÷VÃ^Ü] XÁ c˜CÃ^Á Y^ÔÓ‹ôˆ
TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ ◊XEıªRÙO Y“E ıTˆ =YEıÁ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ %Á`Á %aÜTˆ* TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ ]„X ÂacÕ p˚ÁX
LXΩÁcÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ AEıcÕ YU ◊X◊πy‘Ã^ Y“◊Tˆ„Ã[˝ÁW˝*
W˝∂ˆÇÔ, 2Ã^ aeFÓÁ, 14cÕ \ˆÁV–, 1316
LÁTˆ›Ã^ ]c˜Áa\ˆÁ
Â^ ◊VX a«Ã[˝Á‰ªRÙO LÁTˆ›Ã^ ]c˜Áa\ˆÁÃ[˝ ◊[˝}ÁªRÙO H◊ªRÙOÃ^Á◊ªK˜_, LÁTˆ›Ã^V„_Ã[˝ a◊∂ˆÇ_X›Ã[˝
%◊W˝„[˝`„X `“›^«Tˆ ◊Tˆ_Eı ]c˜Áa\ˆÁÃ[˝ LÁTˆ›Ã^TˆÁ Ã[˝l˘Á Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á BEıÓ ÿöˆÁY„XÃ[˝ =YÁÃ^
=‡ˆÁ[˝X C ]c˜Áa\ˆÁÃ[˝ EıÁ^ÔÓ C =„Å`Ó Ã[˝l˘ÁUÔ Eı◊]ªRÙO› ◊X^«N˛ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ Y“ÿôˆÁ[˝
Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜„_X* ÂacÕ Y“ÿôˆÁ[˝ %X«aÁ„Ã[˝ Eı◊]ªRÙO› GPˆXC c˜cÕ_, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ %ÁL Y^ÔÓ‹ôˆ
Eı◊]ªRÙO›Ã[˝ %◊W˝„[˝`X c˜Ã^ XÁcÕ* `“›^«Tˆ %Ã[˝◊[˝≥V ÂHÁb C `“›^«Tˆ Â[˝ÁQˆÁa AcÕ
Eı◊]ªRÙO›Ã[˝ a+ÁVEı ◊X[[˝˝ÔÁ◊ªJÙTˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜„_X* TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á YÃ[˝Á]`Ô Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á cÕc˜ÁcÕ ◊XSÔÃ^

Eı◊Ã[˝„_X Â^, AcÕ ◊[˝}ÁªRÙO a∂ëˆ„µ˘ LÁTˆ›Ã^V„_Ã[˝ ÂVÁbl˘Á_X EıÃ[˝Á C Y“Á„V◊Èı
a◊]◊Tˆ aEı„_Ã[˝ %◊W˝„[˝`„X \ˆ◊[˝bÓd a∂ëˆ„µ˘ ÂV`[˝Áa›Ã[˝ %◊\ˆ]Tˆ LÁXÁ Y“U]
EıwÔ¯[˝Ó, TˆdY…„[[˝Ô Eı◊]ªRÙO› %Á‚º˜ÁX EıÃ[˝Á [˝ UÁ* AcÕ mÃ[˝”TˆÃ[˝ ◊[˝b„Ã^ ÂV`[˝Áa›Ã[˝ ]Tˆ
=„Yl˘Á Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á YÃ[˝Á]`Ô EıÃ[˝Á ÂEıÁXC ]„Tˆ ◊[˝„W˝Ã^ [˝Á ^«◊N˛aÜTˆ XÃ^* V«cÕªRÙO›
Y“Á„V◊Èı a◊]◊TˆÃ[˝ %◊W˝„[˝`„X LÁXÁ ÂG_ Â^, [˝Ü„V„`Ã[˝ C ]c˜ÁÃ[˝Á‰r—ÙÃ[˝ ]„Tˆ
BEıÓ ÿöˆÁYXcÕ Ê`“^Ã ïı[Ã ˝ A[˝e ]c˜Áa\ˆÁ[Ã ˝ Y…[[˝[Ô ˝w¯fi Y“SÁ_› C Eı◊_EıÁTˆÁ[Ã ˝ %◊W˝„[˝`„X
G c˜›Tˆ ªJÙÁ◊Ã[˝ªRÙO› ]«FÓ Y“ÿôˆÁ[˝ a[[˝ÔUÁ Ã[˝l˘S›Ã^* A_Ác˜Á[˝Á„V EıX„\ˆXa„XÃ[˝ Eı◊]ªRÙO›
AcÕ ]Tˆ %G–Ác˜Ó Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á BEıÓ ÿöˆÁY„XÃ[˝ YU [˝µ˘ Eı◊Ã[˝_* TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Y„Ã[˝cÕ %Á◊_Y«„Ã[˝
Â[˝Á]ÁÃ[˝ Â]ÁEıÅ]ÁÃ^ `“›^«Tˆ %Ã[˝◊[˝≥V ÂHÁb W˝ Tˆ C %◊\ˆ^«N˛ c˜cÕ„_X* ]c˜Á]◊Tˆ
◊Tˆ_Eı Ã[˝ÁL‰V–Á„c˜Ã[˝ %◊\ˆ„^Á„G ªK˜Ã^ [˝daÃ[˝ EıÁÃ[˝ÁV„â¯ V◊â¯Tˆ c˜cÕ„_X, `“›^«Tˆ
FÁYÁ„Å¤ C `“›^«Tˆ ◊[˝◊YXªJÙ≥V– YÁ_ ◊[˝_Á„Tˆ Y“ÿöˆÁX Eı◊Ã[˝„_X, [˝Ü„V`›Ã^ LÁTˆ›Ã^
V„_Ã[˝ Y“W˝ÁX Y“W˝ÁX ÂXTˆÁGS ◊X[[˝ÔÁ◊aTˆ c˜cÕ„_X* ÂV`]Ã^ Y“[˝_ ◊XG–c˜X›◊TˆÃ[˝÷Y
Mı◊ªRÙOEıÁ [˝◊c˜„Tˆ _Á◊G_* LÁTˆ›Ã^ V„_Ã[˝ ÂXTˆÁG„SÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó XÁGY«Ã[˝ ◊X[˝Áa› QˆÁN˛ÁÃ[˝
]«t›, Eı◊_EıÁTˆÁÃ[˝ `“›^«Tˆ Ã[˝a«_ A[˝e ]W˝ÓÿöˆG„SÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó YtÁ„[˝Ã[˝ _Á_Á _ÁLYTˆ
[Ã ˝Á^Ã C [˝Ü„V„`Ã[˝ `“›^«Tˆ ]◊Tˆ_Á_ ÂHÁbcÕ [Ã ˝◊c˜„_X* QˆÁN˛ÁÃ[˝ ]«t› Y“\ˆ ◊Tˆ Eı◊_EıÁTˆÁ^Ã
%Á◊aÃ^Á BEıÓÿöˆÁY„XÃ[˝ %„XEı ÊªJÙrÙÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„_X ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ Eı„ÃÊıLX a§Á‹ôˆ ]W˝ÓY‹öˆ›Ã[˝
Y“◊Tˆ[˝Á„V TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ Y“ÿôˆÁ[˝aEı_ Y“TˆÓÁFÓÁTˆ c˜cÕ_* LÁTˆ›Ã^ V„_Ã[˝ ÂXTˆÁGS
◊[˝Zı_]„XÁÃ[˝U c˜cÕÃ^Á XÁGY«„Ã[˝ LÁTˆ›Ã^ ]c˜Áa\ˆÁÃ[˝ %◊W˝„[˝`„X E ıTâ·¯î c˜cÕ„_X*
TˆÁc˜ÁC Ã[˝ÁLY«Ã[˝”b„VÃ[˝ %Áp˚ÁÃ^ ÿöˆ◊GTˆ c˜cÕ_* AcÕ %X«E…ı_ %[˝ÿöˆÁÃ^ EıXÀ„\ˆXÀaXÀ
Eı◊]ªRÙO›Ã[˝ ◊Xà˘¤Á◊Ã[˝Tˆ ◊XÃ^]Á[˝_› %X«aÁ„Ã[˝ ]ÁV–Á„L EıXÀ„\ˆXÀaXÀ a◊∂ˆÇ◊_Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á
LÁTˆ›Ã^ ]c˜Áa\ˆÁ XÁ] W˝ÁÃ[˝S Y…[[˝ÔEı [˝ÃÊıªRÙO [˝#¤X •ÁÃ[˝Á [˝Ü„V„`Ã[˝ ]«„F ªJ«ÙSEıÁ◊_
]ÁFÁc˜_O , [˝Ü„V„`Ã[˝ ]W˝ÓY‹öˆ› ÂXTˆÁGSC X›Ã[˝„[˝ AcÕ _Ás˙XÁ ac˜Ó Eı◊[Ã ˝^Ã Á ac˜Ó`◊N˛Ã[˝
YÃ[˝ÁEıÁúˆÁ ÂVFÁcÕ„_X* AcÕ [˝daÃ[˝ _Á„c˜Á„Ã[˝ AcÕ E ı◊≈y] ]c˜Áa\ˆÁÃ[˝ %◊W˝„[˝`„XÃ[˝
%Á„Ã^ÁLX ªJÙ◊_„Tˆ‰ªK˜* AcÕ %Á„Ã^ÁL„X `“›^«Tˆ X≥V›, _Á_Á c˜Ã[˝◊EıaX_Á_ C Y◊â¯Tˆ
Ã[˝Á]\«ˆLVw¯ ÊªJÙÏW˝«Ã[˝› ◊≈y]…◊wÔ¯ aÁ◊LÃ^Á, %ad c˜cÕ„Tˆ ad a ◊rÙ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á B`› `◊N˛Ã[˝
_l˘Ó Y“EıÁ` Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜X* YtÁ„[˝Ã[˝ Y“\ˆÁ[˝`Á_› ◊c˜≥V«a\ˆÁ ÂacÕ Y“„V„`Ã[˝ ◊c˜≥V«
a+“VÁÃ^„Eı AcÕ E ı◊≈y] ]Ã[˝_›Ã[˝ Â\ˆVX›◊Tˆ[Ã ˝ Yl˘YÁTˆ› LÁTˆ›^Ã ]c˜Áa\ˆÁ[Ã ˝ LÁTˆ›^Ã TˆÁ
%ÿëˆ›EıÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ %Á‚º˜ÁX Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜X; _Á_Á _ÁLYTˆ Ã[˝ÁÃ^, _Á_Á ]«Ã[˝_›W˝Ã[˝,
_Á_Á •ÁÃ[˝EıÁVÁa Y“\ ˆ◊Tˆ a§Á‹ôˆ ÂXTˆÁGS AcÕ %Á„Ã^ÁL„XÃ[˝ Y“◊Tˆ[˝ÁV Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X,
]«a_]ÁX a+“VÁÃ^C AcÕ Ã[˝ÁL-%X«G–c˜-_Á◊_Tˆ ]c˜Áa\ˆÁÃ^ Â^ÁG ◊V„Tˆ‰ªK˜X XÁ*

%TÂ[˝ AcÕ %Á„Ã^ÁL„XÃ[˝ aZı_TˆÁ a∂ëˆ„µ˘ %Á`Á ÂYÁbS EıÃ[˝Á ^ÁÃ^ XÁ* AcÕ
%[˝ÿöˆÁÃ^ BEıÓ ÿöˆÁY„XÃ[˝ AEı]Áy %Á`Áÿöˆ_ ßG_›„Tˆ Y“Á„V◊Èı a◊]◊TˆÃ[˝ %◊W˝-
„[˝`X* AcÕ %◊W˝„[˝`„X ^◊V BEıÓÿöˆÁY„XÃ[˝ Y“E ıTˆ Y“SÁ_› ◊Xà˘¤Á◊Ã[˝Tˆ c˜Ã^ A[˝e
[˝Ü„V„`Ã[˝ ]W˝ÓY‹öˆ›GS ÂGÁF„_-„]„c˜TˆÁÃ[˝ %Á◊W˝YTˆÓ Y◊Ã[˝TˆÓÁG Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ÂV„`Ã[˝
]«„FÃ[˝ ◊V„Eı ªJÙÁ◊c˜Ã^Á ÿëˆY‹öˆÁ ◊Xà˘¤ÁÃ[˝S Eı„Ã[˝X, TˆÁc˜Á c˜cÕ„_ LÁTˆ›Ã^ ]c˜Áa\ˆÁÃ[˝ a∂ëˆ„µ˘
a„‹ôˆÁbLXEı =YÁÃ^ =‡ˆÁ[˝X Eı◊[Ã ˝^Ã Á AEıTˆÁ[Ã ˝ YU ◊Xõı∞Rª ÙEO ı Eı[Ã ˝Á ^Ác˜„O [˝* ÂGÁF„_
]c˜Á`Ã^ Y«SÁÃ[˝ [˝N ˛TˆÁÃ^ Â^ ÂV`‰V–Á◊c˜TˆÁ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Y„Ã[˝ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ EıUÁÃ^
ÂV„`Ã[˝ %◊c˜Tˆ-aÁW˝X [˝Ü„V`›Ã^ ÂXTˆÁ◊V„GÃ[˝ Y„l˘ %◊Tˆ `Ã^ _#ÁLXEı c˜cÕ„[˝*
Â[˝Á∂ëˆÁcÕ„Ã^Ã[˝ ÂXTˆÁGS Â^ [˝^Ã EıRª ÙO C È[˝W˝ Y“◊Tˆ„[Ã ˝ÁW˝„Eı V]X Eı◊[Ã ˝„Tˆ E ıTˆ◊X∏JÙ^Ã c˜c˜^ÃO Á-
‰ªK˜X, TˆÁc˜Á[Ã ˝ a∂ëˆ„µ˘ %ÁÃ[˝ ÂEıÁX [˝«◊à˘]ÁX [˝Ó◊N˛Ã[˝ a„≥Vc˜ UÁ◊Eı„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝? a«„Ã[˝≥V–[˝Á[˝«
◊[˝_Á„Tˆ [˝ÃÊıªRÙO a]UÔX Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜„_X [˝◊_Ã^Á Â[˝Á∂ëˆÁcÕ„Ã^Ã[˝ ÂXT ˆ[˝ ≥V ATˆ ◊[˝Ã[˝N˛
c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜X Â^, ◊[˝_ÁTˆ c˜cÕ„Tˆ Y«XÃ[˝ÁG]XEıÁ„_ `“›^«Tˆ CÃ^ÁªJÙÁ ◊\ˆ~ AEıLX a«Y“◊aà˘
]W˝ÓY‹öˆ›C a«„Ã[˝≥V–[˝Á[˝«„Eı %\ˆÓUÔXÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ ^ÁX XÁcÕ* TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á XÁ◊Eı [˝ÃÊıªRÙO X›◊TˆÃ[˝
a◊c˜Tˆ TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ ac˜ÁX«\ˆ… ◊Tˆ[Ã ˝ %\ˆÁ[˝ ÂHÁbSÁUÔ Ac˜[ÃO ˝÷„Y [˝Ü„V„`Ã[˝ ]W˝ÓY‹öˆ› ÂXTˆÁ„Eı
%YVÿöˆ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜„_X* _Á„c˜Á„Ã[˝Ã[˝ a\ˆÁ LÁTˆ›Ã^ ]c˜Áa\ˆÁC XÃ^, ]W˝ÓY‹öˆ›V„_Ã[˝
]c˜Áa\ˆÁC XÃ^, [˝ÃÊıªRÙO-◊[˝„Ã[˝ÁW˝› Ã[˝ÁLY«Ã[˝”b\ˆ„N˛Ã[˝ ]c˜Áa\ˆÁ* ^Ác˜Á c˜=Eı, LÁTˆ›Ã^
V_ ßG_›Ã[˝ %◊W˝„[˝`X Y^ÔÓ‹ôˆ %„Yl˘Á Eı◊[Ã ˝„Tˆ‰Kª ˜X, TˆÁc˜Á[Ã ˝ Y„Ã[˝ %ÁYXÁ„VÃ[˝ G‹ôˆ[˝Ó
YU ◊Xà˘¤ÁÃ[˝S Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝X* %Á]Ã[˝Á %ÁÃ[˝ YÃ[˝]«FÁ„Yl˘› c˜cÕÃ^Á ◊X‰∏JÙrÙ UÁ◊Eı[˝ XÁ*
◊c˜≥V« C ]«a_]ÁX
`ÁaX aeïıÁ„Ã[˝ ◊c˜≥V« C ]«a_]Á„XÃ[˝ ÿëˆTˆ‹óˆ %◊ÿôˆ±ºˆ %[˝_∂ëˆX Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ◊[˝„Ã[˝ÁW˝
[˝à˘]…_ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÊªJÙrÙÁÃ^ %◊X‰rÙÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó AcÕ ◊c˜TˆC aÁ◊W˝Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜ Â^, ◊X#fi[˝
]«a_]ÁX a+“VÁ„Ã^Ã[˝ ]„W˝Ó L›[˝X-&≥VX c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜* TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á Ã[˝ÁLY«Ã[˝”b„VÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝
VÁ[˝› Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ A[˝e %aÁW˝ÓaÁW˝„XÃ[˝ %Á`Á ÂYÁbS Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ ◊`◊F„Tˆ‰ªK˜X* cÕc˜Á„TˆcÕ
ÂV„`Ã[˝ YÃ[˝] ]Ü_* =c˜Á„VÃ[˝ %Á`Á Â^ [˝ÓUÔ c˜cÕ„[˝, TˆÁc˜Á [˝_Á ◊XπY“„Ã^ÁLX*
cÕ◊Tˆ]„W˝Ó TˆÁc˜Á Ã[˝ÁLY«Ã[˝”b„VÃ[˝ %ÁªJÙÃ[˝„S [˝«MıÁ ÂG_* TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á Â^]X %YÃ[˝
ÂV`[˝Áa›◊VG„Eı l«˘V– C ]…_Óc˜›X %◊W˝EıÁÃ[˝ VÁX Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á l˘Á‹ôˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜X, ]«a_]ÁX
a+“VÁÃ^„EıC ÂacÕÃ[˝÷Y l«˘V– C ]…_Óc˜›X %◊W˝EıÁÃ[˝]Áy VÁX Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á Y“E ıTˆ `◊N˛-
◊[˝EıÁ„`Ã[˝ =YÁÃ^ ◊V„Tˆ %a∂ˆÇTˆ c˜cÕ„[˝X* Y úˆ„YÁbEı C ac˜ÁX«\…ˆ◊Tˆ-Y“EıÁÈı

c˜eO [Ã ˝ÁL %Á]Á◊VG„Eı %Á`Á ◊VÃ^Á Â^]X ◊X„[˝VX-X›◊Tˆ◊Y“^Ã Eı◊[Ã ˝^Ã Á◊ªK˜„_X, TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝C
ÂacÕÃ[˝÷Y Y úˆ„YÁbEı C ac˜ÁX«\…ˆ◊Tˆ-Y“EıÁÈı L«◊ªRÙO„[˝X* Â`„b ]«a_]ÁX }ÁT ˆGS
[˝«◊Mı„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝„[˝X Â^, AcÕ ◊X„[˝VXX›◊Tˆ Zı_Y“a… XÃ^ A[˝e =c˜Á„VÃ[˝ Y“E ıTˆ =YEıÁÃ[˝
Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ aÁ]UÔÓ cÕeÃ[˝ÁL Y úˆ„YÁbEıG„SÃ[˝ XÁcÕ* %Á]Ã[˝Á ^◊V AcÕ `ÁaXY“SÁ_›„Tˆ
Â^ÁGVÁX Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ %a∂ˆÇTˆ c˜cÕ, Tˆ„[˝cÕ LÁGÃ[˝„SÃ[˝ ◊VX `›H– %Á◊a[˝ÁÃ[˝ aêˆÁ[˝XÁ
UÁ◊Eı„[˝* ^◊V AcÕ Â\ˆVX›◊Tˆ]…_Eı `ÁaXY“SÁ_›„Tˆ Â^ÁGVÁX Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ]«a_]ÁX„VÃ[˝
a◊c˜Tˆ aeH„bÔ Y“[˝ w¯ c˜cÕ, TˆÁc˜Á c˜cÕ„_ %Á]Ã[˝Á Â^ %◊X‰rÙÃ[˝ aêˆÁ[˝XÁ ÂVFÁcÕ_Á]
TˆÁc˜Á ◊X∏JÙÃ^cÕ Zı◊_„[˝* ^◊VC %Á]Ã[˝Á EıÁc˜ÁÃ[˝C Y“◊TÊ…ı_TˆÁ \ˆÃ^ Eı◊Ã[˝ XÁ, TÛÁ◊Y
◊[˝Y„l˘Ã[˝ =„Å`ÓaÁW˝„X aÁc˜Á^Ó EıÃ[˝Á ]…FÔTˆÁ ]Áy* %Á]Ã[˝Á EıFXC ]«a_]ÁX
}ÁT ˆG„SÃ[˝ ÂTˆÁbÁ„]ÁV Eı◊[Ã ˝ XÁc˜,O Eı◊[Ã ˝[˝C XÁ, aÃ[˝_]„X AEı Y“ÁS c˜c˜^ÃO Á TgˆÁc˜Á◊VG„Eı
LÁ◊Tˆ aeGPˆX EıÁ„^ÔÓ [˝–Tˆ› c˜cÕ„Tˆ %Á‚º˜ÁX Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜* ÂacÕ %Á‚º˜ÁX `“[˝S Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á
◊X„LÃ[˝ ◊c˜Tˆ C EıwÔ¯[˝Ó ◊Xà˘¤ÁÃ[˝S EıÃ[˝Á TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ [˝«◊à˘, \ˆÁGÓ C aÁW˝«TˆÁÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝
◊X\ˆ¤Ã[˝ Eı„Ã[˝* %Á]Ã[˝Á ◊[˝„Ã[˝ÁW˝ a ◊rÙ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ ^ÁcÕ[˝ XÁ C ◊[˝Y„l˘Ã[˝ ◊[˝„Ã[˝ÁW˝ a ◊rÙÃ[˝
ÊªJÙrÙÁÃ^ aÁc˜Á^Ó Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ XÁ*
Y«◊_a ◊[˝_
aÁÃ[˝ AQˆCÃ^ÁQÔˆ Â[˝EıÁÃ[˝ Y«◊_a ◊[˝_ ÿöˆ◊GTˆ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X* ◊Tˆ◊X [˝«◊à˘]Á„XÃ[˝
EıÁ^ÔÓcÕ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X* AcÕ ◊[˝_ %ÁcÕX[˝à˘ c˜cÕ„_ Â^ %`Á◊‹ôˆ C %XUÔ H◊ªRÙOTˆ,
ae[˝ÁVY‰y Y“◊Tˆ[˝Á„V C [˝N ˛TˆÁÃ^ EıTÊı Y◊Ã[˝]Á„S C %&rÙ\ˆÁ„[˝ TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ %Á\ˆÁa
ÂVCÃ^Á c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜* ÊÿÉˆÁTˆ ◊Zı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜* %Á]Ã[˝Á 7cÕ %ÁGrÙ \ˆÃ^ C ◊[˝H¬ %◊Tˆy‘]
Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á YÃ[˝›„l˘Áw¯›SÔ c˜cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜ [˝◊_Ã^Á [˝«◊ªMı \ˆG[˝ÁX a«Y“a~ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜X* E«ı◊VX
%[˝aÁX c˜cÕ„Tˆ ^ÁcÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜, a«◊VX ◊Zı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á %Á◊a„Tˆ‰ªK˜* %Á`Á Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝ Â^,
cÕc˜ÁÃ[˝ Y„Ã[˝ LÁTˆ›Ã^ `◊N˛Ã[˝ LÃ^ ◊\ˆ~ YÃ[˝ÁLÃ^ c˜cÕ„[˝ XÁ* ÂacÕ `◊N˛Ã[˝ Y«X◊[[˝ÔEıÁ`,
Â_ÁEı]„TˆÃ[˝ LÃ^ C ÊªJÙrÙÁÃ[˝ ]Ü_]Ã^ Y◊Ã[˝SÁ„]Ã[˝ Y…[[˝Ô_l˘S YÁCÃ^Á ^ÁcÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜*
[˝Ü„V„`Ã[˝ [˝wÔ¯]ÁX ÊªK˜ÁªRÙO_Á‰ªRÙOÃ[˝ ]Tˆ Y“LÁTˆ„‹óˆÃ[˝ Y„l˘cÕ %Á‰ªK˜, cÕc˜Á LÁXÁ EıUÁ,
◊Eı‹ô«ˆ TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ EıÁ^ÔÓ C Y“EıÁ`Ó EıUÁ Y“LÁTˆ„‹óˆÃ[˝ Y“◊TÊ…ı_ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜ C c˜cÕ„[˝* ◊Tˆ◊X
_QÔˆ ]Ã[˝_›Ã[˝ %Áp˚Á[˝Ác˜Eı \ ˆTˆÓ ]Áy, ÂEı[Ã ˝ÁS›Tˆ‹ˆó (Bureaucracy)Ã[˝ Y“W˝ÁX ÂEıÃ[˝ÁS›
]Áy, ÿëˆTˆ‹óˆ ]Tˆ EıÁ„^ÔÓ Y◊Ã[˝STˆ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ XÁcÕ* TÛÁ◊Y Y«◊_a
◊[˝_ ÿöˆ◊GTˆ c˜CÃ^ÁÃ^ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ]X c˜cÕ„Tˆ AEıªRÙOÁ ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁÃ[˝ \ˆÁÃ[˝ %YX›Tˆ c˜cÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ EıUÁ*
%Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ◊[˝`üÁa, ◊Tˆ◊X ÿëˆTˆfY“„SÁ◊VTˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á AcÕ %◊XrÙEıÃ[˝ ◊[˝_ Ã[˝”L« Eı„Ã[˝X
XÁcÕ, ÿëˆTˆfY“„SÁ◊VTˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á ÿöˆ◊GTˆC Eı„Ã[˝X XÁcÕ* ◊[˝_ªRÙO› ÿëˆGÔÃ[˝ÁL cÕ‰≥V–Ã[˝ [˝qYÁTˆ
XÃ^, %ÁÃ[˝C =¨JÙ È`_◊`FÃ[˝ÁÃ[˝÷ªRÕÙ EıFX ÂaÏ]Ó]…◊wÔ¯ EıFX Ã[˝”V–]…◊wÔ¯ ÂEıÁX aVÁ◊`„[˝Ã[˝
%Á„V`-Y“a…Tˆ ]c˜Áÿóˆ* %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ %X«]ÁX ^◊V %]…_Eı XÁ c˜Ã^, TˆÁc˜Á c˜cÕ„_ [˝«◊Mı„Tˆ
c˜cÕ„[˝ ◊XG–c˜X›◊TˆÃ[˝ LXΩÿöˆÁ„X ◊XG–c˜]«V–Á ◊`◊U_ c˜cÕÃ^Á Y◊QÕˆ„Tˆ‰ªK˜* cÕc˜Á ◊Eı
cooperation %ÁEıÁIl˘ÁÃ[˝ Zı_? ÂEıc˜ Â^X AcÕ }Á◊‹ôˆÃ[˝ [˝`[˝w¯fi XÁ c˜X Â^,
%Á]Ã[˝Á ATˆ %„î \«ˆ◊_[˝* Ã[˝ÁLX›◊Tˆ ÊY“„]Ã[˝ ]ÁX ◊]_„XÃ[˝ ÂF_Á XÃ^; Ã[˝ÁLX›◊Tˆ
[˝ÁLÁÃ[˝, y‘Ã^ ◊[˝y‘„Ã^Ã[˝ ÿöˆÁX* ÂacÕ [˝ÁLÁ„Ã[˝ cooperationAÃ[˝ ]…_Ó control*
%î ]…„_Ó [˝ß]…_Ó [˝ÿô«ˆ y‘Ã^ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ ◊VX ªJÙ◊_Ã^Á ◊GÃ^Á‰ªK˜*
LÁTˆ›Ã^ ◊Ã[˝a_› aÁÃ[˝E«ı_ÁÃ[˝
%Á]Ã[˝Á LÁTˆ›^Ã ◊`l˘ÁY◊Ã[˝bV„Eı LÁXÁc˜„O Tˆ◊Kª ˜ Â^, TgˆÁc˜Á[Ã ˝Á 7cÕ %ÁG‰rÙ Y◊Ã[˝b„VÃ[˝
%W˝›X ï«ı_aEı„_Ã[˝ ªK˜Áy[˝ ≥V„Eı [˝ÃÊıªRÙO =da„[˝ Â^ÁGVÁX Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ ◊X„bW˝ EıÃ[˝ÁÃ^
]Zıfÿëˆ„_ %◊Tˆ`Ã^ E«ıZı_ Zı◊_„Tˆ‰ªK˜* aÁW˝ÁÃ[˝S Â_Á„EıÃ[˝ ]X l«˘ç˘ C =„w¯◊LTˆ
c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜; ^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á LÁTˆ›Ã^ ◊`l˘ÁÃ[˝ aÁc˜Á^Ó Eı◊Ã[˝„TˆX, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á %„X„Eı aÁc˜Á^Ó [˝µ˘
Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜X; A[˝e AcÕ ]Tˆ Y“ªJÙÁ◊Ã[˝Tˆ c˜cÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜ Â^, LÁTˆ›Ã^ ï«ı_ Eı„_„L C
aÃ[˝EıÁÃ[˝› ï«ı_ Eı„_„L XÁ]]Áy Y“„\ˆV [˝Tˆ¤]ÁX* £◊XÃ^Á◊ªK˜ Y◊Ã[˝b„VÃ[˝ AEıLX
◊[˝FÓÁTˆ a\ˆÓ ªK˜ÁyGS„Eı AcÕ YÃ[˝Á]`Ô ◊VÃ^Á‰ªK˜X Â^, ^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á ÂV„`Ã[˝ EıÁ„^ÔÓ Â^ÁGVÁX
Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ ªJÙÁX, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á aÃ[˝EıÁÃ[˝› Eı„_„LÃ[˝ %Á`“Ã^ G–c˜S EıÃ[˝”X* Y◊Ã[b„VÃ[˝ cÕc˜ÁC
]Tˆ c˜cÕ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ Â^, ]Zıfÿëˆ„_Ã[˝ ï«ı_ aEı_ [˝µ˘ c˜=Eı, aÁW˝ÁÃ[˝S Â_ÁEı aÁc˜Á^Ó
[˝µ˘ EıÃ[˝”X, %Á]Ã[˝Á [˝QÕˆ [˝QÕˆ Â_Á„EıÃ[˝ %UÔ aÁc˜Á„^Ó Eı◊_EıÁTˆÁÃ^ AEıªRÙO›]Áy Eı„_L
ªJÙÁ_ÁcÕÃ^Á ◊Xõ ı◊Tˆ YÁcÕ[˝* ^◊V TˆÁc˜ÁcÕ c˜Ã^ Tˆ„[˝ a[˝ _ÓÁPˆÁ ªJ«Ù◊EıÃ^Á ÂG_* %XÓUÁ
AcÕ LÁTˆ›Ã^ ◊Ã[˝a_› aÁÃ[˝E«ı_ÁÃ[˝ Y“TˆÓÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ EıÃ[˝Á %Á[˝`ÓEı*
mä ÊªJÙrÙÁ
◊[˝`üÿôˆ a…‰y %[˝GTˆ c˜cÕ_Á] Â^ ^Ác˜Á„Tˆ `“›^«N˛ %Ã[˝◊[˝≥V ÂHÁb ÂEıÁXC
ÂL_Á-a◊]◊Tˆ •ÁÃ[˝Á ßG_›Ã[˝ %◊W˝„[˝`„X Y“◊Tˆ◊X◊W˝ ◊X^«N˛ XÁ c˜X EıÃ^LX YÃ[˝]
ÂV`◊c˜ÍTˆb› ÂaLXÓ ÂGÁY„X ÊªJÙrÙÁ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜* AcÕ LHXÓ X›◊Tˆ AFXC %Á]Á„VÃ[˝
[Ã ˝ÁLX›◊Tˆ„Tˆ ÿöˆÁX YÁÃ^, c˜cO ˜Á [˝QˆÕ V«f„FÃ[˝ EıUÁ* %Ã[˝◊[˝≥V [˝Á[˝„« Eı ^◊V [˝^Ã EıRª ÙcO Õ
Eı◊[Ã ˝„Tˆ c˜Ã^, EıÃ[˝”X* TgˆÁc˜Á„Tˆ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ %ÁY◊w¯ XÁcÕ, ◊Tˆ◊X V«f◊FTˆ c˜cÕ„[˝X XÁ,
ÂV„`Ã[˝ EıÁ„^ÔÓ Y∏JÙÁdYVC c˜cÕ„[˝X XÁ* ◊Tˆ◊X EıFXC EıÁc˜ÁÃ[˝C ]«FÁ„Yl˘› c˜cÕÃ^Á
EıÁ^ÔÓ Eı„[Ã ˝X XÁc˜,O Y…„[[˝Ô %„XEı◊VX ÿëˆY„U AEıÁEı› %G–a[Ã ˝ c˜c˜^ÃO Á◊ªK˜„_X, \ˆ◊[˝bÓ„TˆC
^◊V AEıÁEı› ^Ác˜„O Tˆ c˜^Ã , ^Ác˜„O Tˆ \ˆ^Ã Eı◊[Ã ˝„[˝X XÁ* ◊Eı‹ˆ«ô ^◊V AcÕ ]TˆcÕ G c˜›Tˆ c˜^Ã
Â^, ÂV„`Ã[˝ ◊c˜„Tˆ[Ã ˝ LXÓ [˝Á %ÁYXÁ„VÃ[˝ =„Å`ÓaÁW˝„XÃ[˝ LXÓ %Ã[˝◊[˝≥V [˝Á[˝[Ã« ˝ aeÿÉˆ[˝
[˝#¤X›Ã^, Y“EıÁ„`Ó ÂV„`Ã[˝ a]„l˘ Vâ¯ÁÃ^]ÁX c˜cÕÃ^Á AcÕ ]Tˆ Y“ªJÙÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ E«ı◊¢ˆTˆ
c˜X ÂEıX? AcÕ mä bQÕˆ^„‹óˆÃ[˝ •ÁÃ[˝Á %ÁYXÁ„VÃ[˝ [˝Á ÂV„`Ã[˝ ◊Eı ◊c˜Tˆ aÁ◊W˝Tˆ c˜cÕ„[˝,
TˆÁc˜Á [˝«MıÁ ^ÁÃ^ XÁ* cÕ◊Tˆ]„W˝ÓcÕ QˆÁÃ^]â¯c˜ÁÃ[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ c˜cÕ„Tˆ %Ã[˝◊[˝≥V [˝Á[˝« Y“◊Tˆ◊X◊W˝
◊X[[˝ÔÁ◊ªJÙTˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜X* ÂTˆÁ]Á„VÃ[˝ EıX„\ˆ≥aX ◊Xà˘¤Á◊Ã[˝Tˆ ◊XÃ^]ÁX«aÁ„Ã[˝ ßG_›Ã[˝
%◊W˝„[˝`X c˜cÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜ XÁ, Â^ ÂEıÁX a\ˆÁ Â^ ÂEıÁX Y“◊Tˆ◊X◊W˝ ◊X[[˝ÔÁªJÙX Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ
YÁ„Ã[˝* Zı_Tˆf mäX›◊Tˆ Â^]X LHXÓ ÂTˆ]XcÕ ◊Xπèı_* EıYªRÙOTˆÁÃ[˝ %\ˆÁ[˝ cÕeÃ[˝ÁL-
◊V„GÃ[˝ Ã[˝ÁLX›◊TÊı L›[˝„XÃ[˝ AEıªªRÙOÁ ]c˜ÁX mS; TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á ^Ác˜Á Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ c˜Ã^ TˆÁc˜Á
aÁc˜„aÃ[˝ a◊c˜Tˆ aEı„_Ã[˝ a]„l˘ Y“EıÁ`Ó\ˆÁ„[˝, %Á^ÔÓ\ˆÁ„[˝ Eı„Ã[˝* \ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝ Ã[˝ÁL-
X›◊TÊı L›[˝„X AcÕ ]c˜ÁX m„SÃ[˝ %[˝TˆÁÃ[˝SÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ c˜cÕ„[˝* ªJÙÁSEıÓX›◊Tˆ Ã[˝ÁLTˆ„‹ó
ÂYÁbÁÃ^, Y“LÁTˆ„‹óˆ ÂEı[˝_ \ˆ›Ã[˝”TˆÁ C ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁÃ[˝l˘„SÃ[˝ %„^ÁGÓTˆÁ %ÁXÃ^X Eı„Ã[˝*
]Ã[˝_›Ã[˝ Â\ˆVX›◊Tˆ
`ÁaX-aeïıÁ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ªK˜ÁÃ^ÁÃ^ Â^ Â\ˆVX›◊Tˆ[˝ l˘ =dY~ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜, _QÔˆ ]Ã[˝_› TˆÁc˜Á
ÂÃ[˝ÁYS Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X, ÂV`◊c˜ÍTˆb› ÂGÁF„_ ]c˜Á`Ã^ L_◊aá˚X Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á a^‰±Ûˆ YÁ_X
Eı◊[Ã ˝„Tˆ‰Kª ˜X* Eı◊_EıÁTˆÁ[Ã ˝ "c˜eO ◊_`]ÓÁX' ÿëˆ›EıÁ[Ã ˝ Eı◊[Ã ˝^Ã Á‰ªK˜X Â^, Â\ˆVX›◊TˆcÕ \ˆÁ[Ã ˝Tˆ›^Ã
ÈaXÓ aeGPˆ„XÃ[˝ ]…_Tˆ√º¯* Â\ˆVX›◊TˆcÕ %„XEı cÕeÃ[˝ÁL Ã[˝ÁLX›◊Tˆ„p˚Ã[˝ ]„Tˆ \ˆÁÃ[˝„Tˆ
[˝ ◊ªRÙO` aÁ∂ÉˆÁLÓ Ã[˝l˘ÁÃ[˝ Y“W˝ÁX =YÁÃ^* _QÔˆ ]Ã[˝_›Ã[˝ X›◊TˆC Â\ˆVX›◊Tˆ-Y“W˝ÁX*
TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Y“U] ÊªJÙrÙÁ, ]W˝ÓY‹öˆ› V_„Eı Ã[˝ÁLY«Ã[˝”b◊V„GÃ[˝ c˜ÿôˆGTˆ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á C LÁTˆ›Ã^
V_„Eı V_X Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á \ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝ X„[˝ÁxÁX ◊[˝XrÙ [˝Á ÿöˆ◊GTˆ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ ◊[˝Zı_ Y“Ã^Áa*
a«Ã[˝ÁªRÙO %◊W˝„[˝`„XÃ[˝ a]Ã^ AcÕ ◊[˝b[˝ l˘ ÂÃ[˝Á◊YTˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜_* Â[˝Á∂ëˆÁcÕ„Ã^Ã[˝ ÂXTˆÁGS
\ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ[˝Áa›Ã[˝ \ˆ◊[˝bÓd, `◊N˛ [˝Á XÓÁ^Ó %◊W˝EıÁÃ[˝ a∂ëˆ„µ˘ EıFXC =VÁÃ[˝ ]Tˆ [˝Á
=¨JÙ %ÁEıÁIl˘Á ÂYÁbS Eı„Ã[˝X XÁcÕ* TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á %◊Tˆ %„î a‹ô«ˆrÙ c˜cÕ„TˆX* [˝Ü„V„`Ã[˝
=xÁX C [˝ÃÊıªRÙO Y“ªJÙÁ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ Y“\ˆÁ„[˝ TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ %Á`ÁTˆ›Tˆ `ÁaX-aeïıÁÃ[˝ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜*
TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á ÂacÕ X„[˝ÁxÁ„XÃ[˝ Zı_ ÿëˆÁÃ^w¯ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á [˝ÃÊıªRÙO C È[˝W˝ Y“◊Tˆ„Ã[˝ÁW˝ ◊[˝XrÙ
Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ %◊Tˆ`Ã^ [˝ÓG– c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜X* a«Ã[˝ÁªRÙO %◊W˝„[˝`„XÃ[˝ Y…„[[˝Ô AcÕ aeïıÁ„Ã[˝Ã[˝
aêˆÁ[˝XÁ TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ %◊[˝◊VTˆ ◊ªK˜_ XÁ, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á LÁ◊X„TˆX Â^ [˝ÃÊıªRÙO-[˝#¤X
C Jª Ù[Ã ˝]Y‹öˆ› V„_Ã[˝ [˝◊c˜õıÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ XÁ YÁ◊Ã[˝„_ AcÕ a«ÿˆë ÁV« Zı_ TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ ]«F◊[˝[˝„[Ã ˝
Y◊TˆTˆ c˜cÕ„[˝ XÁ* AcÕ V«cÕ =„Å„`ÓÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ _l˘Ó Ã[˝Á◊FÃ^Á XÁGY«Ã[˝ c˜cÕ„Tˆ a«Ã[˝Á‰ªRÙO
]c˜Áa\ˆÁ %ÁX›Tˆ c˜c˜^ÃO Á◊ªK˜_ A[˝e ]c˜Áa\ˆÁ[Ã ˝ EıÁ^ÔÓY“SÁ_›Ã[˝ ae„`ÁW˝X Y“ÿˆô Á[˝ c˜c˜^ÃO Á◊ªK˜_:
=„Å`Ó --- LÁTˆ›Ã^ V_ %ÁY◊X ]c˜Áa\ˆÁ TˆÓÁG Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ [˝ÁW˝Ó c˜cÕ„[˝X* a\ˆÁY◊Tˆ
QˆÁN˛ÁÃ[˝ Ã[˝Áa◊[˝c˜ÁÃ[˝› ÂHÁ„bÃ[˝ [˝N ˛TˆÁC ÂacÕ =„Å„`Ó ◊_◊FTˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜_* ]c˜Á]◊Tˆ
◊Tˆ_Eı, `“›^«Tˆ %Ã[˝◊[˝≥V ÂHÁb Y“\ ˆ◊Tˆ LÁTˆ›Ã^ V„_Ã[˝ ÂXTˆÁGS AcÕ mä %◊\â◊µ˘
%[˝GTˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á ]c˜Áa\ˆÁÃ[˝ Eıw Ô¯Yl˘›Ã^◊V„GÃ[˝ EıÁ„^ÔÓ Tˆ›[˝– Y“◊Tˆ[˝ÁV C [˝ÃÊıªRÙO-X›◊Tˆ
Ã[˝l˘ÁÃ[˝ L„XÓ ÊªJÙrÙÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ◊ªK˜„_X* a«Ã[˝Á‰ªRÙOÃ[˝ T«ˆ]«_EıÁ‰â¯ TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ ÊªJÙrÙÁ [˝ÓUÔ c˜cÕ_,
aÁÃ[˝ ÂZı„Ã[˝ÁL `Ác˜ Â]c˜TˆÁcÕ LÃ^› c˜cÕ„_X* %Á±¡„VÁb-l˘Á_„XÃ[˝ a]„Ã^ LÁTˆ›Ã^
V„_Ã[˝ ÂXTˆÁGS Â[˝Á∂ëˆÁcÕ„Ã^Ã[˝ ]W˝ÓY‹öˆ›„VÃ[˝ ◊[˝Ã[˝”„à˘ AcÕ %◊\ˆ„^ÁG Y“EıÁ`Ó\ˆÁ„[˝
ÂHÁbSÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„_X* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ]W˝ÓY‹öˆ›ªJÙÁ◊_Tˆ %aeFÓ Y◊≈yEıÁÃ^ GÁ_ÁGÁ◊_Ã[˝ A]X
ÂÃ[˝Á_ =◊Pˆ_ Â^, a„TˆÓÃ[˝ l˘›S W[˝◊X ÂacÕ ÂEıÁ_Ác˜„_ \ˆÁ◊aÃ^Á ÂG_* AFX aEı_
ÂV`[˝Áa›„Eı [˝◊_„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝, Â]„c˜TˆÁ-„GÁF„_Ã[˝ EıÁ^ÔÓEı_ÁY ÂVF«X, [˝«M«ıX %Á]Ã[˝Á
}Á‹ôˆ ◊ªK˜_Á], ◊Eı ◊]UÓÁ EıUÁ [˝◊_Ã^Á◊ªK˜_Á]; XÁ [˝Áÿôˆ◊[˝Eı TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ CcÕÃ[˝÷Y =„Å`Ó
◊ªK˜_* AcÕ Â\ˆVX›◊Tˆ Â[˝Á∂ëˆÁcÕ„Ã^Ã[˝ ]W˝ÓY‹öˆ›GS„Eı %XÁÃ^Á„a =VÀ}Á‹ôˆ Eı◊Ã[˝_* [˝Ü-
„V„`Ã[˝ ÂXTˆÁGS ÂacÕ E«ıY„UÃ[˝ Y◊UEı c˜X XÁcÕ, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á [˝ÃÊıªRÙO-Ã[˝l˘Á Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X*
7cÕ %ÁGrÙ ÿëˆÃê `“›^«Tˆ \…ˆ„Y≥V–XÁU [˝a« Ã[˝ÁLY«Ã[˝”b„VÃ[˝ ◊]X◊Tˆ C \ˆÃ^ Y“V`ÔX
ÂTˆ„LÃ[˝ a◊c˜Tˆ =„Yl˘Á Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á [˝ÃÊıªRÙO =da„[˝Ã[˝ a\ˆÁY◊Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜„_X* %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝
"Â[˝Ü_›' Y◊≈yEıÁÃ^ [˝ÃÊıªRÙO XÁ] Y“ªJÙÁÃ[˝ c˜cÕÃ^Á %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ %ÁX≥V C %Á`Á =dYÁVX
Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜* ^◊V BEıÓ ÿöˆÁYX EıFXC aêˆ[˝ c˜Ã^, ^◊V ]Ã[˝_›Ã[˝ Â\ˆVX›◊Tˆ ◊[˝Zı_
c˜Ã^, TˆÁc˜Á [˝Ü[˝Áa›Ã[˝ BEıÓ◊Y“Ã^TˆÁ C [˝ÃÊı‰ªRÙO V ªRÕÙTˆÁ •ÁÃ[˝ÁcÕ aÁ◊W˝Tˆ c˜cÕ„[˝*
◊[˝b[˝ „l˘Ã[˝ %YÃ[˝ `ÁFÁ

_QÔˆ ]Ã[˝_›Ã[˝ ◊•Tˆ›Ã^ ÊªJÙrÙÁ, Ã[˝ÁLX›◊Tˆ„l˘‰y ]«a_]ÁX C ◊c˜≥V« a+“VÁÃ^„Eı
Y UEı EıÃ[˝Á* cÕc˜ÁcÕ Â\ˆVX›◊TˆÃ[˝ ◊•Tˆ›Ã^ %Ü, `ÁaX aeïıÁ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ◊•Tˆ›Ã^ ◊[˝b]Ã^
Zı_* AcÕ a∂ëˆ„µ˘ _QÔˆ ]Ã[˝_› mä ÊªJÙrÙÁ Eı„Ã[˝X XÁcÕ, Y“EıÁ„`ÓcÕ Â\ˆVX›◊Tˆ %[˝_∂ëˆX
Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ]«a_]ÁX C ◊c˜≥V«Ã[˝ ◊ªJÙÃ[˝`y”TˆÁÃ[˝ [˝Ó[˝ÿöˆÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜X* %UªJÙ [˝Ó[˝ÿöˆÁYEı

a\ˆÁÃ^ ◊X[[˝ÔÁ◊ªJÙTˆ Y“◊Tˆ◊X◊W˝Ã[˝ aeFÓÁ[˝ ◊à˘„Tˆ ]W˝ÓY‹öˆ› ÂXTˆÁGS A]X ]«Ñ˘ C Y“_«ç˘
Â^ ÂacÕ %î _Á„\ˆ[Ã ˝ %Á`ÁÃ^ AcÕ ]c˜ÁX %◊XrÙ %Á◊_ÜX Eı◊[Ã ˝„Tˆ %G–a[Ã ˝ c˜c˜„O Tˆ‰Kª ˜X*
ÂGÁF„_ ]c˜Á`Ã^ ]«N˛Eı„¢ˆ AcÕ Â\ˆVX›◊TˆÃ[˝ Y“èaÁ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X* TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ]„Tˆ _QÔˆ
]Ã[˝_› \ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝ Y◊Ã[˝yÁTˆÁ* TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ]„Tˆ ]«a_]ÁX◊V„GÃ[˝ Y UEı Y“◊Tˆ◊X◊W˝ ◊X[[˝ÔÁªJÙX
XÓÁ^Ó C ^«◊N˛aÜTˆ* cÕc˜Á„Tˆ Â^ ]«a_]ÁX C ◊c˜≥V«Ã[˝ Ã[˝ÁLX›◊TÊı L›[˝„XÃ[˝ `◊N˛
ÿëˆTˆ‹óˆ C YÃ[˝&Ã[˝◊[˝„Ã[˝ÁW˝› c˜cÕÃ^Á LÁTˆ›Ã^ ]c˜Áa\ˆÁÃ[˝ ]…_Tˆ√º¯ C \ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝ \ˆÁ[˝›
BEıÓ C `Á◊‹ôˆ a+…SÔ ◊[˝XrÙ c˜cÕ„[˝ AcÕ aTˆÓ ÂGÁF„_ ]c˜Á`„Ã^Ã[˝ XÓÁÃ^ _ç˘Y“◊Tˆúˆ
Ã[˝ÁLX›◊Tˆ◊[˝„VÃ[˝ [˝«◊à˘Ã[˝ %„GÁªJÙÃ[˝ c˜cÕ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ XÁ* Tˆ„[˝ ÂEıÁXÀ ◊XG…ªRÕÙ Ã[˝cãÓ]Ã^
a…©øX›◊Tˆ[Ã ˝ [˝„` ÂGÁF„_ ]c˜Á`Ã^ AcÕ Â\ˆVX›◊Tˆ[Ã ˝ a]UÔX Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ aÁcã› c˜c˜^ÃO Á‰ªK˜X,
TˆÁc˜Á ◊Tˆ◊XcÕ LÁ„XX* %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ Y…LX›Ã^ a«„Ã[˝≥V–XÁU AcÕ a∂ëˆ„µ˘ ◊[˝YÃ[˝›Tˆ ]Tˆ
Y“EıÁ` Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X, %UªJÙ V ªRÕÙ\ˆÁ„[˝ AcÕ `ÁaX aeïıÁÃ[˝ Ã[˝÷Y ]c˜ÁX %X„U¤Ã[˝ Y“◊Tˆ[˝ÁV
Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝X XÁcÕ* [˝Ã[˝e ◊[˝_ÁTˆY“[˝Á„a Y“U] %[˝ÿöˆÁÃ^ AcÕ `ÁaX aeïıÁ„Ã[˝Ã[˝
%ÛÁ C %]…_Eı Y“èaÁ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜„_X* AcÕ aeïıÁ„Ã[˝ [˝Ü[˝Áa›Ã[˝ Â_`]Áy
%ÁÿöˆÁ XÁcÕ* ^◊V Eı„ÃÊıLX [˝QÕˆ Â_ÁEı AcÕ X…TˆX `ÁaXY“SÁ_›„Tˆ Â^ÁGVÁX
Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ Â_Á\ˆ ªK˜Á◊QÕˆ„Tˆ XÁ YÁ◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ÂV„`Ã[˝ Y“E ıTˆ ◊c˜Tˆ \«ˆ◊_Ã^Á ^ÁX, TˆÁc˜Á„Tˆ
ÂV„`Ã[˝ ÂEıÁX %Eı_ÓÁS c˜c˜[O ˝Á[Ã ˝ aêˆÁ[˝XÁ XÁc˜*O ◊Eı‹ˆ«ô a«„[Ã ˝≥V–[˝Á[˝[Ã« ˝ XÓÁÃ^ a[[˝LÔ XY…◊LTˆ
ÂXTˆÁ AcÕ ◊[˝b[˝ „l˘ L_„aªJÙX Eı◊Ã[˝„_ ÂV„`Ã[˝ ◊XTˆÁ‹ôˆ V«\ˆ¤ÁGÓ [˝«◊Mı„Tˆ c˜cÕ„[˝*
^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á AcÕ aeïıÁ„Ã[˝ Â^ÁGVÁX Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝X, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á ]Ã[˝_›Ã[˝ Â\ˆVX›◊TˆÃ[˝ ac˜ÁÃ^,
aÁ+“VÁ◊ÃÊı ◊[˝„Ã[˝Á„W˝Ã[˝ a ◊rÙEıwÔ¯Á C \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ\…ˆ◊]Ã[˝ \ˆ◊[˝bÓd AEıTˆÁÃ[˝ [˝ÁW˝ÁÿëˆÃ[˝÷Y
c˜cÕÃ^Á =◊Pˆ„[˝X* `“›^«N˛ a«„Ã[˝≥V–XÁU AcÕ }Á‹ôˆ X›◊Tˆ %X«aÃ[˝S Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ EıFXC
a∂ˆÇTˆ c˜cÕ„[˝X XÁ, cÕc˜ÁcÕ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ %Á`Á*
◊Ã[˝„LÃ[˝ ◊[˝„bÁVGÁÃ[˝
◊Ã[˝L ""XÁ]Eı AEıªRÙOÁ Â_ÁEı'' A„V„` ◊a◊\ˆ◊_Ã^ÁX ◊ªK˜„_X* AFX YÁ_ÔÁ„]‰∞ªRÙOÃ[˝
a\ˆÓ* cÕ◊XcÕ AEı[˝ÁÃ[˝ \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ›Ã^ E ıb„EıÃ[˝ a«c˜÷V aÁ◊LÃ^Á ◊[˝„`b [˝«◊à˘Ã[˝ Y◊Ã[˝ªJÙÃ^
◊VÃ^Á [˝◊_Ã^Á◊ªK˜„_X, \ˆÁÃ[˝„Tˆ [˝ÁH ]Á◊Ã[˝„Tˆ ÂVCÃ^Á %EıwÔ¯[˝Ó, EıÁÃ[˝S [˝ÁH ]Á◊Ã[˝„_
c˜◊Ã[˝S [˝Á‰QÕˆ --- c˜◊Ã[˝S àÓc˜Á◊X Eı„Ã[˝* ◊X[[˝ÔÁaX a∂ëˆ„µ˘ cÕc˜ÁÃ[˝ ^«◊N˛c˜›X [˝N ˛TˆÁÃ^
◊[˝[Ã ˝N˛ c˜c˜^ÃO Á YÁ_ÔÁ„]‰∞ªRÙ[ÃO ˝ AEıLX a\ˆÓ Y◊Ã[˝c˜Áa¨K˜„_ c˜cO ˜Á„EıcÕ ◊X[[˝ÁÔ ◊aTˆ Eı◊[Ã ˝[˝Á[Ã ˝
Y“ÿôˆÁ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜„_X* aeY“◊Tˆ YÁ_ÔÁ„]‰∞ªRÙO \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ›Ã^ [˝Á„L‰ªRÙOÃ[˝ %Á„_ÁªJÙXÁEıÁ„_

cÕ◊X [˝◊_Ã^Á‰ªK˜X, \ˆÁÃ[˝„Tˆ ÂEıÁXÃ[˝÷Y %Á„≥VÁ_X È[˝W˝ c˜cÕ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ XÁ* \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ›Ã^
ae[˝ÁVYya]…c˜ Â^ c˜eO [Ã ˝ÁL◊[˝„•bY…SÔ TˆÁc˜Á„Tˆ c˜cO ˜Á[Ã ˝ a„≥Vc˜]Áy XÁc˜*O c˜◊O X [˝◊_Ã^Á‰ªK˜X
ÂHÁb XÁ]Eı AEıªRÙOÁ Â_ÁEı (`“›^«N˛ %Ã[˝◊[˝≥V ÂHÁbcÕ cÕc˜ÁÃ[˝ =◊ÅrÙ) %◊TÊı‰rÙ
EıÁÃ[˝ÁVâ¯ c˜cÕ„Tˆ %[˝ÓÁc˜◊Tˆ _Á\ˆ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜; AFX Âa ^«[˝Eı◊VG„Eı [˝◊_„Tˆ‰ªK˜,
EıÁÃ[˝Á‰zı` ^TˆªRÙOÁ \ˆÃ^Á[˝c˜ ]„X c˜Ã^, Y“E ıTˆY„l˘ TˆTˆªRÙOÁ \ˆÃ^Á[˝c˜ X„c˜, a«TˆÃ[˝Áe
TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á Â^X EıÁY«Ã[˝”b c˜cÕÃ^Á XÁ ^ÁÃ^* \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ G[˝SÔ„]∞ªRÙO %◊ªJÙ„Ã[˝ cÕc˜Á„Eı ◊X[[˝ÔÁ◊aTˆ
EıÃ[˝”X* AcÕ =◊N˛„Tˆ Â^ X›ªJÙTˆÁ ÿëˆ Y“EıÁ` TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ""=„TˆÁÃ[˝ ◊V[˝ÁÃ[˝'' Y“[˝ ◊w¯ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝
XÁcÕ* TˆÁÃ[˝YÃ[˝ cÕ◊X [˝„_X, a«„Ã[˝≥V–XÁU [˝„≥VÓÁYÁW˝ÓÁÃ^ [˝ÃÊıªRÙO ÂHÁbSÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜X*
^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á %[˝ÁW˝ [˝Á◊SLÓX›◊TˆÃ[˝ a]UÔX Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á YÁ_ÔÁ„]‰∞ªRÙOÃ[˝ a\ˆÓYV YÁcÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜X,
TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á ◊Eı LÁ„XX XÁ Â^, [˝ÃÊı‰ªRÙOÃ[˝ %UÔ AcÕ Â^, \ˆÁÃ[˝„Tˆ %ÁÃ[˝ ◊[˝_ÁTˆ c˜cÕ„Tˆ
L«TˆÁ C ◊[˝Ã^ÁÃ[˝ ]V ^ÁcÕ„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝„[˝ XÁ? ◊Eı \ˆ›bS! ◊W˝eQÕˆÁÃ[˝ ]Tˆ ^«[˝EıGS ◊EıÃ[˝÷„Y
XrÙ c˜Ã^ TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ EıUÁÃ^ ◊Ã[˝L [˝„_X, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ◊XEıªRÙO "◊`„FÃ[˝ [˝◊_VÁX' XÁ]Eı AEıFÁXÁ
Y«ÿôÊı %Á‰ªK˜* =c˜ÁÃ[˝ Â_◊FEıÁ AEıLX ◊X[[˝ÔÁ◊aTˆ [˝Ó◊N˛Ã[˝ EıXÓÁ (`“„à˘Ã^ `“›^«N˛
E ıb’E«ı]ÁÃ[˝ ◊]y ]c˜Á`„Ã^Ã[˝ EıXÓÁ `“›]Tˆ› E«ı]«◊VX› ◊]y)* AcÕ [˝Ó◊N˛ AEıFÁXÁ
Ã[˝ÁL‰V–Ác˜› ae[˝ÁVY‰yÃ[˝ ("at›[˝X›'Ã[˝) a+ÁVEı* a«„Ã[˝≥V–XÁU Y“„TˆÓEı [˝ÁÜÁ_›
ªK˜Á‰yÃ[˝ c˜Á„Tˆ AcÕ Y«ÿôÊı ÂV◊F„Tˆ cÕ¨K˜Á Eı„Ã[˝X, [˝◊_Ã^Á "◊`„FÃ[˝ [˝◊_VÁX'AÃ[˝ Y“èaÁ
Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X* ◊Ã[˝„LÃ[˝ ◊[˝VÓÁ[˝«◊à˘ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ %Y◊Ã[˝p˚ÁTˆ X„c˜* Tˆ„[˝ Â^ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ EıUÁ
[˝◊__Á], Âa ÂEı[˝_ ◊[˝_Á„Tˆ \ˆÁ[Ã ˝Tˆ a∂ëˆ„µ˘ ◊[˝„`bp˚◊V„GÃ[˝ ◊[˝VÓÁÃ[˝ ÂVÏQÕˆ ÂVFÁc˜[O ˝Á[Ã ˝
LXÓ* ◊`„FÃ[˝ %Á±¡-[˝◊_VÁX ]◊c˜]Á [˝«◊Mı[˝ÁÃ[˝ aÁW˝Ó ◊Ã[˝„LÃ[˝ ]Tˆ Â_Á„EıÃ[˝ XÁcÕ*
\ˆÁÃ[˝TˆªJÙ≥V– aTˆÓcÕ [˝◊_Ã^Á‰ªK˜X --- ""Y◊QÕˆ„_ Â\ˆQÕˆÁÃ[˝ ` „Ü \ˆÁ„Ü c˜›Ã[˝ÁÃ[˝ W˝ÁÃ[˝*''
W˝∂ˆÇÔ, 3Ã^ aeFÓÁ, 21A \ˆÁV–, 1316

`ÁaX aeïıÁÃ[˝
`ÁaX aeïıÁÃ[˝ G c˜›Tˆ c˜cÕ„_ Â^ E«ıZı_ Zı◊_„[˝, TˆÁc˜Á GTˆ[˝Á„Ã[˝ [˝_Á c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜
A[˝e =c˜Á ÂV`[˝Áa›Ã[˝C %◊[˝◊VTˆ X„c˜* AÃ[˝÷Yÿöˆ„_ ^◊V ÂEıc˜ [˝„_ Â^, %Á]Ã[˝Á
AcÕ aeïıÁ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ÂVÁb ÂVFÁcÕ[˝ ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó Â^ a«◊[˝W˝ÁªRÙO«E«ı ÂVCÃ^Á c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜,
TˆÁc˜Á Y◊Ã[˝TˆÓÁG Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ ÂEıX, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ [˝«◊à˘ [˝Á Ã[˝ÁLX›◊Tˆp˚Á„XÃ[˝ Y“èaÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ
YÁ◊Ã[˝ XÁ* Â^ ÂVÁb ÂVFÁcÕ„[˝X Âa ÂVÁb Ã[˝ÁLY«Ã[˝”bG„SÃ[˝ [˝«◊à˘Ã[˝ %„GÁªJÙÃ[˝ X„c˜,

TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á Â^ XÁ [˝«◊MıÃ^Á aeïıÁ„Ã[˝ AcÕ ÂVÁb Y“„[˝` EıÃ[˝ÁcÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜X, TˆÁc˜ÁC X„c˜*
TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á Y…„[[˝ÔcÕ LÁ◊X„TˆX Â^, AcÕ ÂVÁbaEı„_Ã[˝ Y“◊Tˆ[˝ÁV c˜cÕ„[˝, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á
cÕc˜Á ªJÙÁX Â^ Y“◊Tˆ[˝ÁV Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^ÁC ÂV„`Ã[˝ ÂXTˆÁGS AcÕ ÈaXÓ-aeïıÁÃ[˝ Y“TˆÓÁFÓÁX
XÁ EıÃ[˝”X, TˆÁc˜Á c˜cÕ„_cÕ TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ %◊\â◊µ˘ aZı_ c˜cÕ_* ÂVÁb aeï ıTˆ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝
cÕ¨K˜Á TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ XÁcÕ, ÂEıXXÁ AcÕ ÂVÁb TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ ^«◊N˛„Tˆ ÂVÁb XÁ c˜cÕÃ^Á aeïıÁ„Ã[˝Ã[˝
]«FÓ mS* AcÕ aeïıÁ„Ã[˝ ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁ_«ç˘ ÂV`[˝Áa›Ã[˝ `◊N˛[˝ ◊à˘ c˜cÕ„[˝ XÁ, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ÁcÕ
◊c˜≥V«-]«a_]Á„XÃ[˝ ◊[˝„Ã[˝Á„W˝ V«ªRÙO› ◊ªJÙÃ[˝aeHbÔ-Y“[˝ w¯ `◊N˛Ã[˝ ^«„à˘ ]W˝Óÿöˆ C ÂV„`Ã[˝
c˜wÔ¯ÁEıwÔ¯Á c˜cÕÃ^Á ◊[˝Ã[˝ÁL Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝X* TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ AcÕ X›◊Tˆ ÂVÁbÁ[˝c˜ XÃ^, Y“èaX›Ã^*
TgˆÁc˜Á[Ã ˝Á ÂV`◊c˜ÍTˆb›, ÿëˆ„V„`Ã[˝ ◊c˜Tˆ, `◊N˛[˝◊ à˘ C aÁ∂ÉˆÁLÓÃ[˝l˘Á[Ã ˝ =YÁÃ^ ÂV◊F„Tˆ‰Kª ˜X*
AcÕ X›◊Tˆ =VÁÃ[˝X›◊Tˆ XÃ^, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ =VÁÃ[˝X›◊Tˆ ^◊V ÿëˆ„V„`Ã[˝ %◊c˜TÊıÃ[˝ ◊[˝„[˝ªJÙXÁ
Eı◊Ã[˝, %X«VÁÃ[˝X›◊TˆcÕ %[˝_∂ëˆX EıÃ[˝Á ÂV`◊c˜ÍTˆb›Ã[˝ Â^ÁGÓ Y‹öˆÁ* %Á]Ã[˝Á ÂV„`Ã[˝
Eı_ÓÁ„S ◊XÃ[˝„Yl˘ c˜cÕÃ^Á =VÁÃ[˝X›◊Tˆ %[˝_∂ëˆX Eı◊Ã[˝TˆÁ], ÂV`◊c˜ÍTˆ◊bTˆÁ TˆÓÁ„G
LGd◊c˜ÍTˆb› aÁ◊LTˆÁ]* AFX %Á]Ã[˝ÁC ÿëˆ„V„`Ã[˝ ◊c˜Tˆ, `◊N˛[˝◊ à˘ C L›[˝X[Ã ˝l˘Á[Ã ˝
YU ÂV◊F* ÂV` %Á„G [˝gÁªJ«ÙEı, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Y„Ã[˝ LG„TˆÃ[˝ ◊c˜Tˆ C =VÁÃ[˝X›◊Tˆ %ÁªJÙÃ[˝S
Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ ^„UrÙ %[˝aÃ[˝ YÁcÕ[˝*
ßG_› Y“Á„V◊Èı a◊]◊Tˆ
cÕ◊Tˆ]„W˝Ó ßG_›„Tˆ Y“Á„V◊Èı a◊]◊TˆÃ[˝ %◊W˝„[˝`X %ÁÃ[˝êˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝
Zı_ÁZı_ ◊X◊∏JÙTˆ \ˆÁ„[˝ XÁ LÁXÁ Y^ÔÓ‹ôˆ a◊]◊TˆÃ[˝ %Á„_ÁªJÙÓ ◊[˝bÃ^ a∂ëˆ„µ˘ ]Tˆ
Y“EıÁ` %XÁ[˝`ÓEı* AcÕ [˝daÃ[˝ \…ˆTˆ-\ˆ◊[˝bÓ„TˆÃ[˝ a◊µ˘ÿöˆ_* a◊]◊TˆÃ[˝ EıÁ^ÔÓZı„_Ã[˝
=YÃ[˝ [˝Ü„V„`Ã[˝ \ˆ◊[˝bÓd %„XEıªRÙOÁ ◊X\ˆ¤Ã[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜* Y“[˝_ ◊XG–c˜X›◊Tˆ %ÁÃ[˝êˆ
c˜CÃ^Á Y“\ ˆ◊Tˆ„Tˆ ÂV` X›Ã[˝[˝ c˜cÕÃ^Á Y◊QÕˆ_* [˝ÜLÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ X„[˝Á◊xTˆ `◊N˛ C aÁcã
^«[˝Eı„VÃ[˝ Y“Á„SÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó _«hıÁ◊Ã^Tˆ c˜cÕ_ A[˝e \ˆ›Ã[˝”G„SÃ[˝ YÃ[˝Á]„`Ô ÂV`[˝Áa›Ã[˝
ÿˆÇ ◊Tˆ}e` C [˝«◊à˘„_ÁY c˜cÕ„Tˆ ªJÙ◊__* ÂEıÁUÁÃ^ ◊XG–c˜X›◊TˆÃ[˝ È[˝W˝ %UªJÙ aÁcãY…SÔ
Y“◊Tˆ„Ã[˝ÁW˝ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ÂacÕ X›◊Tˆ ◊[˝Zı_ Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝, TˆÁc˜Á XÁ c˜cÕÃ^Á \ˆ„Ã^ C Ã[˝ÁLX›◊Tˆ-
p˚ÁXÃ[˝◊c˜Tˆ ◊[˝p˚TˆÁÃ^ ◊X‰∏JÙrÙTˆÁ C X›Ã[˝[˝TˆÁ Ê`“úˆ YU [˝◊_Ã^Á Y“ªJÙÁ◊Ã[˝Tˆ c˜cÕ_,
TˆÁc˜Á„Tˆ ◊XG–c˜X›◊Tˆ aZı_ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜, Ã[˝ÁLY«Ã[˝”bGSC [˝«◊MıÃ^Á‰ªK˜X Â^ %Á]Ã[˝Á %„]ÁH
%ÿóˆ %Á◊[˝õıÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝_Á]* AcÕ ◊X‰∏JÙrÙTˆÁ C X›Ã[˝[˝TˆÁÃ^ ÂV`[˝Áa›Ã[˝ ]XY“ÁS %[˝aÁV-
Y“Áä C =daÁc˜c˜›X c˜cÕÃ^Á Y◊QÕˆ„Tˆ◊ªK˜_, LÁTˆ›Ã^ ◊`l˘ÁÃ[˝ Â`b Y◊Ã[˝SÁ] %◊Tˆ

Â`ÁªJÙX›Ã^ c˜cÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜, [˝ÃÊı‰ªRÙOÃ[˝ [˝_ l˘›S c˜cÕÃ^Á ◊[˝_ÁTˆ› Y„SÓÃ[˝ y‘Ã^-◊[˝y‘Ã^ a„[˝„G
[˝ ◊à˘ YÁcÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜, GTˆ YgÁªJÙ [˝da„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ^Tˆ ÊªJÙrÙÁ C =VÓ], `◊N˛c˜›X C ◊[˝Zı_ c˜cÕÃ^Á
^ÁcÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜* ÂXTˆÁGS c˜÷V„Ã^ aÁcã [˝gÁ≈◊W˝Ã^Á ÂV„`Ã[˝ Y“E ıTˆ ÂXT ˆ±ºÊıÁ^ÔÓ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ
%l˘], EıXÀ„\ˆXÀaX-X›◊TˆÃ[˝ ]]TˆÁ C `ÁaX aeïıÁ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ Â]Ác˜TˆÓÁG Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ ªJÙÁX XÁ,
]«„F Y“E ıTˆ LÁTˆ›Ã^ ]c˜Áa\ˆÁÃ[˝ Yl˘YÁTˆ›, EıÁ„^ÔÓ TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Y«Xfa ◊rÙ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÂEıÁXC
%Á„Ã^ÁLX Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜X XÁ, `ÁaX aeïıÁÃ[˝ G–c˜S Eı◊Ã[˝„TˆC \ˆÃ^ Eı„Ã[˝X, Y“TˆÓÁFÓÁX
Eı◊[Ã ˝„Tˆ c˜c˜„O _C Y“ÁS EgıÁ≈◊VÃ^Á =‰Pˆ* AcÕ %[˝ÿˆö Á^Ã ^gÁc˜Á[Ã ˝Á ÂV„`Ã[˝ L„XÓ a]ÿôˆ
L›[˝X =daGÔ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ Y“ÿô«ˆTˆ, ^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á \ˆ„Ã^Ã[˝ Y◊Ã[˝ªJÙÃ^ Ã[˝Á„FX XÁ, \ˆG[˝ÁX C
[˝ÜLXX› ◊\ˆ~ EıÁc˜Á„EıC LÁ„XX XÁ C ]Á„XX XÁ, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á %G–aÃ[˝ XÁ c˜cÕ„_
[˝„ÜÃ[˝ \ˆ◊[˝bÓd %µ˘EıÁÃ[˝]Ã^ c˜cÕ„[˝* ^◊V %Á]Ã[˝Á Y“Á„V◊Èı a◊]◊Tˆ„Tˆ ÂV„`Ã[˝ ]«F-
Ã[˝l˘Á C \ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝ \ˆ◊[˝bÓd %Á`Á Ã[˝l˘Á EıÃ[˝„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝, YU %„XEı Y◊Ã[˝]Á„S ]«N˛
c˜cÕÃ^Á UÁ◊Eı„[˝* ÂacÕ Y^ÔÓ‹ôˆ %„Yl˘Á Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ◊ªK˜* X‰ªJÙd ◊X„LÃ[˝ YU ◊X„L Y◊Ã[˝õıÁÃ[˝
Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á \ˆÃ^ÁwÔ¯ C ◊XG–c˜X›◊Tˆ◊[˝l«˘ç˘ ÂV„`Ã[˝ Y“ÁS Ã[˝l˘Á Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ c˜cÕ„[˝*
ÈV◊XEı Y◊≈yEıÁÃ[˝ %\ˆÁ[˝

LÁTˆ›Ã^ V„_Ã[˝ `◊N˛ %„XEı ◊VX %‹ôˆ◊XÔ◊c˜Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á ◊ªK˜_, %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ ◊[˝EıÁ`
c˜c˜„O Tˆ‰Kª ˜* ◊Eı‹ˆ«ô ÂacÕ `◊N˛◊[˝EıÁ„`Ã[˝ =Y„^ÁG› =YEı[Ã ˝„SÃ[˝ %\ˆÁ„[˝ a+…SÔ EıÁ^ÔÓ◊a◊à˘
%aêˆ[˝* %Á]Ã[˝Á ÛÁaÁW˝Ó %Á^ÔÓW˝∂ˆÇÔ C W˝∂ˆÇÔa∂ˆÇTˆ Ã[˝ÁLX›◊TˆÃ[˝ Y“EıÁ`Y…[[˝ÔEı AcÕ
◊[˝EıÁ„`Ã[˝ ac˜ÁÃ^TˆÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ Y“[˝ w¯ c˜cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ aÁäÁ◊c˜Eı Yy •ÁÃ[˝Á AcÕ EıÁ^ÔÓ
a„‹ôˆÁbLXEı\ˆÁ„[˝ aÁ◊W˝Tˆ c˜Ã^ XÁ* ◊[˝„`bTˆf %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ Ã[˝ÁLX›◊TÊı L›[˝„X ÈV◊XEı
Y◊≈yEıÁ[Ã ˝ %\ˆÁ[˝ mÃ[˝”Tˆ[Ã ˝ %\ˆÁ[˝* Y“◊Tˆ◊VX ^Ác˜Á H◊ªRÙ„O Tˆ‰Kª ˜, TˆÁc˜Á Tˆdl˘SÁd Â_ÁEı„Eı
LÁXÁcÕÃ^Á ÂacÕ a∂ëˆ„µ˘ LÁTˆ›Ã^ V„_Ã[˝ ]Tˆ [˝Á EıwÔ¯[˝Ó Â_Á„EıÃ[˝ a∂ˆÇ«„F ÿöˆÁYX
Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ XÁ YÁ◊Ã[˝„_ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ÊªJÙrÙÁÃ^ ÂTˆL TˆdYÃ[˝TˆÁ C ◊l˘Y“TˆÁ c˜cÕ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝
XÁ* Âa◊VX Eı„_L ÂïıÁÃ^Á„Ã[˝ AEı ÿëˆ„V`› a\ˆÁ c˜cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜_, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ [˝SÔXÁ C
[˝N˛ TˆÁ[Ã ˝ aÁÃ[˝Áe` AEıRª Ù›O a«Y◊“ aà˘ ÈV◊XEı Y◊≈yEıÁ^Ã ÂVCÃ^Á c˜c˜^ÃO Á◊ªK˜_ ◊Eı‹ˆ«ô Y◊≈yEıÁ[Ã ˝
EıwÔ¯ÁGS Y“EıÁ` Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ %a∂ˆÇTˆ c˜X* ÂacÕ a\ˆÁÃ^ `“›^«Tˆ %Ã[˝◊[˝≥V ÂHÁb %W˝Ól˘
c˜cÕÃ^Á [˝N ˛TˆÁ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜„_X A[˝e HX HX [˝ÃÊı‰ªRÙOÃ[˝ =‰{FC c˜cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜_, cÕc˜Á„Tˆ
c˜^Ã Tˆ Eıw¯Ô ÁGS \ˆ›Tˆ [˝Á ◊[˝[Ã ˝N˛ c˜c˜„O _X, Âa \ˆ^Ã C ◊[˝[Ã ˝◊N˛ ÿëˆÁ\ˆÁ◊[˝Eı, %ÁLEıÁ_EıÁ[Ã ˝
◊V„X [˝ÃÊıªRÙO XÁ„]Ã[˝ ^Tˆ Eı] =‰{F c˜Ã^, TˆTˆcÕ [˝Ó◊N˛GTˆ ]Ü_ aêˆ[˝* [˝ÃÊıªRÙO
Y“ªJÙÁ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ LXÓ ÿëˆÁW˝›X ÈV◊XEı Y◊≈yEıÁÃ[˝ %Á[˝`ÓEıTˆÁ Y“◊Tˆ◊VX Â[˝ÁW˝ c˜cÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜*
Â]c˜TˆÁ ]L◊_„aÃ[˝ a\ˆÁY◊Tˆ

a\ˆÁ c˜cÕ„[˝ ◊Eı XÁ ◊ÿöˆÃ[˝ XÁcÕ* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ Y◊Tˆ±ºˆ _cÕÃ^Á ◊[˝b] a]aÓÁ =Y◊ÿöˆTˆ*
]ÁV–ÁL EıXÀ„\ˆXÀa„XÃ[˝ Y«XÃ[˝Á[˝ ◊w¯ A[˝ÁÃ[˝ _Á„c˜Á„Ã[˝ c˜cÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ EıUÁ* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ _Á„c˜Á„Ã[˝Ã[˝
ÂV`\ˆN˛GS ÂV`„a[˝ÁÃ[˝ AcÕ E ı◊≈y] %◊\ˆX„Ã^Ã[˝ Y“`“Ã^ ◊V„Tˆ Y“ÿô«ˆTˆ XX* ÂV„`
]Á„X XÁ, ÂV„`Ã[˝ a„Ü a+EÔı XÁcÕ %UªJÙ ÂV„`Ã[˝ V` YgÁªJÙ LX ]ÁUÁW˝Ã[˝Á Â_ÁEı
ÂV„`Ã[˝ Â_Á„Eı[Ã ˝ XÁ„] ◊Qˆ◊y‘ ◊Qâ◊]a Eı◊[Ã ˝„[˝X c˜cO ˜Á ÂEıÁX [˝◊« à˘]ÁX [˝Ó◊N˛ %X«„]ÁVX
Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝X? Âa ^ÁEı* AFX a\ˆÁY◊TˆÃ[˝ EıUÁ* A a∂ëˆ„µ˘ \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ ◊]y Â[˝`
[˝◊_Ã^Á‰ªK˜X --- ◊\ˆ~ Eıe‰G–„aÃ[˝ Yl˘YÁ◊TˆGS %ÁGÁ]› _Á„c˜Á[Ã ˝ EıX„À \ˆXaÀ „X ]ÁV–Á„LÃ[˝
X[˝Á[˝ ÈaÃ^V ]c˜∂ˆÇV„Eı a\ˆÁY◊Tˆ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ ªJÙÁX* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ X[˝Á[˝ aÁ„c˜[˝ A a∂ˆÇÁX
G–c˜„S a∂ˆÇTˆ XX* AFX YÁtÁ„[˝Ã[˝ Eıe‰G–a Eı◊]ªRÙO› aÁÃ[˝ ◊Zı„Ã[˝ÁL `Á Â]c˜TˆÁ„Eı
a\ˆÁY◊Tˆ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ ªJÙÁ◊c˜„Tˆ‰ªK˜X --- Â]c˜TˆÁ a∂ˆÇTˆ XÁ c˜cÕ„_ %GTˆÓÁ a«„Ã[˝X[˝Á[˝«*
\ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ ◊]y [˝◊_„Tˆ‰ªK˜X %Á]Ã[˝Á [˝◊_ Â^Ã[˝÷Y Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^ÁcÕ c˜=Eı Â]c˜TˆÁ aÁ„c˜[˝„EıcÕ
a\ˆÁY◊Tˆ EıÃ[˝Á =◊ªJÙTˆ* ◊Tˆ◊XcÕ \ˆÁÜÁ Eıe‰G–„aÃ[˝ LXΩVÁTˆÁ* a«TˆÃ[˝Áe Eıe‰G–„aÃ[˝
(?) a\ˆÁY◊Tˆ±ºˆ TgˆÁc˜Á„Eı Â^Ã[˝÷Y aÁ„L %ÁÃ[˝ EıÁc˜Á„EıC ÂaÃ[˝÷Y aÁ„L XÁ* Â_Á„Eı
AFX c˜cÕ„TˆcÕ \ˆÁÜÁ Eıe‰G–a„Eı Â]c˜TˆÁ-]L◊_a [˝◊_„Tˆ %ÁÃ[˝êˆ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜*
W˝∂ˆÇÔ, 4UÔ aeFÓÁ, 2ª8A \ˆÁV–, 1316
%aêˆ„[˝Ã[˝ %X«aµ˘ÁX
ßG_›„Tˆ Y“Á„V◊Èı a◊]◊TˆÃ[˝ Â^ %◊W˝„[˝`X c˜cÕÃ^Á ◊GÃ^Á‰ªK˜ TˆÁc˜Á„Tˆ a\ˆÁY◊Tˆ
`“›^«Tˆ È[˝E«ı¢ˆXÁU ÂaX LÁTˆ›Ã^V_„Eı %W˝›Ã[˝ C %aêˆ[˝ %ÁV„`ÔÃ[˝ aµ˘Á„X [˝Óÿôˆ
[˝◊_Ã^Á %◊\ˆ◊c˜Tˆ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ E«ı◊¢ˆTˆ c˜„Ã^X XÁcÕ* ^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á %◊W˝„[˝`„XÃ[˝ EıÁ^ÔÓ◊[˝[˝Ã[˝S
_l˘Ó Eı◊[Ã ˝^Ã Á‰ªK˜X, TˆÁcg ˜Á[Ã ˝Á %[˝`ÓcÕ ÿëˆ›EıÁ[Ã ˝ Eı◊[Ã ˝„[˝X, ]W˝ÓY‹öˆ›[Ã ˝ÁcÕ %W˝›[Ã ˝TˆÁ[Ã ˝ Y◊Ã[˝Jª Ù^Ã
◊VÃ^Á‰ªK˜X; LÁTˆ›Ã^V„_Ã[˝ ◊[˝Ã[˝”„à˘ %W˝›Ã[˝TˆÁÃ[˝ %◊\ˆ„^Á„GÃ[˝ EıÁÃ[˝S XÁcÕ* ßG_›„Tˆ
Â^ LÁTˆ›Ã^V„_Ã[˝ aeFÓÁ◊W˝EıÓ ◊ªK˜_, TˆÁc˜Á„Tˆ a„≥Vc˜ XÁcÕ; %UªJÙ ◊[˝„Ã[˝ÁW˝-[˝#¤„XÃ[˝

=„Å„`Ó LÁTˆ›Ã^V„_Ã[˝ Yl˘ c˜cÕ„Tˆ `“›^«Tˆ %Ã[˝◊[˝≥V ÂHÁb ÿëˆÁ[˝_∂ëˆX C ◊X◊πy‘Ã^
Y“◊Tˆ„Ã[˝ÁW˝ a]U¤X Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á l˘Á‹ôˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜„_X* cÕc˜ÁC ^◊V %W˝›Ã[˝TˆÁ c˜Ã^ Tˆ„[˝
W˝›Ã[˝TˆÁ Â[˝ÁW˝ c˜Ã^ LQÕˆTˆÁÃ[˝ XÁ]Á‹ôˆÃ[˝ ]Áy* %aêˆ[˝ %ÁV„`ÔÃ[˝ EıUÁÃ^ %Á]Ã[˝Á AcÕ
]Áy [˝◊_„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝ Â^, ^Ác˜ÁÃ[˝Á [˝wÔ¯]Á„XÃ[˝ a·¯›SÔ a›]ÁÃ[˝ [˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝ ◊EıªK«˜cÕ ÂV◊F„Tˆ
ªJÙÁ„c˜ XÁ C YÁ„Ã[˝ XÁ TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á \ˆ◊[˝bÓ„TˆÃ[˝ \ˆÁ[˝XÁÃ[˝ \ˆÁ[˝«Eı◊VG„Eı ◊ªJÙÃ[˝◊VXcÕ %aêˆ[˝
%ÁV„`Ô[Ã ˝ aµ˘Á„X [˝Óÿôˆ [˝◊_Ã^Á =Yc˜Áa Eı◊[Ã ˝^Ã Á UÁ„Eı* Â^ aEı_ Eı∂ˆÇ[Ô ˝›[Ã ˝ a·¯ª RÙaO ]„Ã^
◊[˝„`b ◊[˝ªJÙÁÃ[˝ C ◊[˝„[˝ªJÙXÁ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á \ˆ◊[˝bÓ„TˆÃ[˝ =~◊TˆÃ[˝ ◊\ˆ◊w¯ÿöˆÁYXl˘] TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝
\ˆÁ„GÓC BÃ[˝÷Y =Yc˜Áa _Á\ˆ H◊ªRÙOÃ^Á UÁ„Eı* Zı„_Ã[˝ ◊[˝bÃ^ XÁ LÁ◊XÃ^Á %„Yl˘Á
EıÃ[˝Á LQÕˆ±ºˆ, TˆÁc˜Á [˝«◊à˘Ã[˝ Y◊Ã[˝ªJÙÁÃÊı X„c˜* ÂaFÁ„X Èÿöˆ^ÔÓ ]…‰ªRÕÙÃ[˝ EıÁ^ÔÓ; G◊TˆcÕ
L›[˝X* \ˆÁÃ[˝„Tˆ ]W˝ÓY‹öˆ› a+“VÁ„Ã^Ã[˝ %EıÁÃ[˝S \ˆ›◊TˆcÕ LÁTˆ›Ã^ =~◊TˆÃ[˝ %‹ôˆÃ[˝ÁÃ^
c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜* a]G– Y“ÁªJÙÓ \…ˆF„â¯ Â^ LÁGÃ[˝S, Â^ =~◊TˆÃ[˝ %ÁEıÁIl˘Á, Â^ %Á„[˝G
%Á◊aÃ^Á‰ªK˜ LÁYÁ„X, YÁÃ[˝„aÓ, T«ˆÃ[˝„ïı TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Y“Á]ÁS YÁCÃ^Á ◊GÃ^Á‰ªK˜* \ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝
[˝QÕˆ_ÁªRÙO _QÔˆ ◊]‰∞ªRÙOÁC ÿëˆ›EıÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X, Âa Y“[˝Á„c˜Ã[˝ G◊Tˆ„Ã[˝ÁW˝ EıÃ[˝Á ]ÁX„[˝Ã[˝
aÁW˝ÓÁTˆ›Tˆ* %UªJÙ ]W˝ÓY‹öˆ›Ã[˝Á AEıUÁ [˝«„MıX XÁ [˝Á [˝«◊MıÃ^ÁC [˝«„MıX XÁ* a[[˝ÔycÕ
aeïıÁ„Ã[˝ Y“LÁ`◊N˛Ã[˝ %Á±¡◊[˝EıÁ` ÂVFÁ ^ÁcÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜* ÂEı[˝_ \ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆcÕ %„Yl˘ÁÃ[˝
%Á„V` Y“◊TˆW[˝◊XTˆ c˜cÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜! AcÕ %Á„V`VÁTˆÁ _QÔˆ ]Ã[˝_› --- a]ÿôˆ L›[˝X
Y“LÁ`◊N˛Ã[˝ a]UÔX Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á L›[˝„XÃ[˝ aÁÃ^Á‰c˜‘ \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ[˝bÔ„Eı ◊ªJÙÃ[˝EıÁ„_Ã[˝ L„XÓ
LQÕˆL›[˝X^ÁY„XÃ[˝ %Á„V` Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X* A %[˝ÿöˆÁÃ^ --- LÁTˆ›Ã^V„_Ã[˝ =~◊Tˆ ÊªJÙrÙÁ
=Yc˜ÁaÁ&V XÁ ]W˝ÓY‹öˆ›◊V„GÃ[˝ YÃ[˝◊X\ˆ¤Ã[˝TˆÁ C LQÕˆ±ºˆ =Yc˜ÁaÁ&V?
Â^ÁGÓTˆÁ ◊[˝ªJÙÁÃ[˝
\ˆÁ„[˝ Â[˝ÁW˝ c˜Ã^, a\ˆÁY◊Tˆ ]c˜Á`Ã^ %ÓÁe„_Á-cÕ◊â¯Ã^ÁÃ[˝ EıUÁÃ^ %ÛÁ ◊[˝`üÁa[˝ÁX
c˜cÕÃ^Á ]„X Eı„Ã[˝X, %Á]Ã[˝Á %ÁLC ÿëˆÁÃ^w¯`Áa„XÃ[˝ =Y^«N˛ X◊c˜* ÿëˆÁÃ^w¯`ÁaX
a∂ëˆµ˘›Ã^ Y“ÿôˆÁ„[˝Ã[˝ %Á„_ÁªJÙXÁEıÁ„_ AEıLX [˝N˛ÁC AcÕ EıUÁcÕ [˝◊_Ã^Á◊ªK˜„_X!
%Á]Á◊VG„Eı %X«Y^«N˛ [˝_Á [˝ÓTˆ›Tˆ %Áe„_Á-cÕ◊â¯Ã^ÁÃ[˝ Y„l˘ Âÿëˆ¨K˜ÁªJÙÁÃ[˝ a]UÔ„XÃ[˝
%XÓ =YÁÃ^ XÁcÕ* A %[˝ÿöˆÁÃ^ %ÓÁe„_Á-cÕ◊â¯Ã^ÁÃ[˝ ÿëˆÁUÔ-a]UÔEı ^«◊N˛ ÿëˆÁ\ˆÁ◊[˝Eı
C aÜTˆ* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ[˝Áa›Ã[˝ Y„l˘ AcÕ ^«◊N˛ G–c˜S EıÃ[˝Á %ÿëˆÁ\ˆÁ◊[˝Eı C %aÜTˆ*
G¿ÓÁQˆ‰∫ªRÙO ÁX [˝◊_Ã^Á◊ªK˜„_X, ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁa„êˆÁGcÕ Â_ÁEı„Eı ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁÃ[˝ =Y^«N˛ Eı„Ã[˝*
ÿëˆÁÃ^w¯`ÁaX a„êˆÁG [˝ÓTˆ›Tˆ ÿëˆÁÃ^w¯`Áa„XÃ[˝ =Y„^ÁG› c˜cÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ =YÁÃ^Á‹ôˆÃ[˝ XÁcÕ*

%Á]Ã[˝Á %[˝GTˆ %Á◊ªK˜, ÿëˆÁÃ^w¯`ÁaX YÁcÕ„_ Y“U] %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ }]-Y“]ÁV %◊X[˝Á^ÔÓ*
aEı_ ÂV„`cÕ AcÕÃ[˝÷Y c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜* LÁYÁ„XÃ[˝ }] c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜, T«ˆÃ[˝ïı C YÁÃ[˝„aÓ
AFXC }] H◊ªRÙO„Tˆ‰ªK˜* TˆÁcÕ [˝◊_Ã^Á ÿëˆÁÃ^w¯`Áa„XÃ[˝ Y„U %G–aÃ[˝ XÁ c˜CÃ^Á %ÁÃ[˝
=~◊TˆÃ[˝ YU ◊ªJÙÃ[˝◊V„XÃ[˝ LXÓ %GÔ_[˝à˘ EıÃ[˝Á AEıcÕ EıUÁ* >X◊[˝e` `TˆÁå›„Tˆ
%Á]Ã[˝Á }Á‹ôˆ ◊`l˘ÁÃ^ %ÁYXÁ◊VG„Eı %aÁÃ[˝ C %X«Y„^ÁG› [˝◊_Ã^ÁcÕ ◊[˝`üÁa Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ
◊`◊FÃ^Á◊ªK˜_Á]* %ÁL Âa }] %YGTˆ* %ÁL %Á]Ã[˝Á [˝«◊MıÃ^Á◊ªK˜, A LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝
L›[˝X&≥VX [˝µ˘ c˜Ã^ XÁcÕ --- A LÁ◊Tˆ L›◊[˝Tˆ* AcÕ %X«\…ˆ◊TˆcÕ LÁTˆ›Ã^ =~◊TˆÃ[˝
Y„l˘ ^„UrÙ* %ÁÃ[˝ AcÕ %X«\…ˆ◊TˆcÕ %Á]Á◊VG„Eı =~◊TˆÃ[˝ YUÁÃ[˝÷ªRÕÙ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á
Ã[˝ÁLX›◊Tˆ„l˘‰y Â]Ál˘_Á„\ˆ al˘] Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝* A %[˝ÿöˆÁÃ^ --- %ÁL ^FX =~◊Tˆ
%ÁÃ[˝ç˘ TˆFX --- Â^ÁGÓTˆÁ-◊[˝ªJÙÁ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ªK˜_ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á =~◊TˆÃ[˝ G◊Tˆ [˝µ˘ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ◊ÿöˆÃ[˝
c˜CÃ^Á ]…‰ªRÕÙÃ[˝ EıÁ^ÔÓ* %ÁL LÁTˆ›Ã^ L›[˝„X Â^ a]Ã^ =Y◊ÿöˆTˆ Âa a]„Ã^Ã[˝ G◊Tˆ
Ã[˝”à˘ c˜cÕ„_ %Á]Ã[˝Á =~◊TˆÃ[˝ Y„U ◊YªK˜ÁcÕÃ^Á Y◊QÕˆ[˝ --- %G–aÃ[˝ c˜cÕ„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝[˝ XÁ*
a«TˆÃ[˝Áe %Á]Á◊VG„Eı %G–aÃ[˝cÕ c˜cÕ„Tˆ c˜cÕ„[˝; `·¯ÁÃ^ [˝Á a„≥V„c˜ ◊[˝ªJÙ◊_Tˆ XÁ c˜cÕÃ^Á
◊ÿöˆÃ[˝ C W˝›Ã[˝Y„V EıwÔ¯[˝ÓY„U %G–aÃ[˝ c˜CÃ^ÁcÕ %ÁL %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ EıwÔ¯[˝Ó*
ªJÙÁá˚_Ó-◊ªJÙc˜‘
%Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ÂEıÁX ÂEıÁX ◊[˝p˚ ]W˝ÓY‹öˆ› A]X EıUÁC [˝„_X Â^, %ÁLEıÁ_
ÂEıÁX ÂEıÁX a\ˆÁÃ^ ◊EıªK«˜ ◊EıªK«˜ ÂGÁ_]Á_ c˜Ã^; cÕc˜Á„Tˆ Ã[˝ÁLX›◊TÊı %◊W˝EıÁÃ[˝ _Á„\ˆ
%Á]Á„VÃ[˝ %„^ÁGÓTˆÁcÕ Y“◊TˆY~ c˜cÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜* A EıUÁªRÙOÁC TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ Â]Ï◊_Eı X„c˜,
EıYªRÙOÁªJÙÁÃ[˝› %ÓÁe„_Á-cÕ◊â¯Ã^ÁX◊V„GÃ[˝ ]„TˆÃ[˝ Y“◊TˆW[˝◊X ]Áy* Â^ aEı_ %ÓÁe„_Á-
cÕ◊â¯Ã^ÁX AÃ[˝÷Y ]Tˆ Y“EıÁ` Eı„Ã[˝X, %Á]Ã[˝Á TgˆÁc˜Á◊VG„Eı EıYªRÙOÁªJÙÁÃ[˝› [˝◊__Á],
EıÁÃ[˝S TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á %[˝`ÓcÕ %[˝GTˆ %Á‰ªK˜X Â^, ◊[˝_Á„Tˆ Ã[˝ÁLX›◊TÊı a\ˆÁa◊]◊Tˆ„Tˆ
Â^Ã[˝÷Y ÂGÁ_]Á_ c˜Ã^ \ˆÁÃ[˝„Tˆ a\ˆÁa◊]◊Tˆ„Tˆ TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ `TˆÁe„`Ã[˝ AEıÁe`C c˜Ã^ XÁ*
W˝›Ã[˝ Y“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝ \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ[˝Áa›Ã[˝Á ÂaÃ[˝÷Y [˝Ó[˝c˜Á„Ã[˝ AEıÁ‹ôˆ %X\ˆÓÿôˆ* %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ÂV„`
a\ˆÁa◊]◊Tˆ„Tˆ ÂGÁ_„^Á„GÃ[˝ V«cÕªRÙO› Y“W˝ÁX V rÙÁ‹ôˆ ÂVFÁ ^ÁÃ^; --- a«Ã[˝Á‰ªRÙO a«„Ã[˝≥V–XÁ„UÃ[˝
EıUÁÃ^ ÂEıc˜ EıSÔYÁTˆ Eı„Ã[˝ XÁc˜,O ◊Tˆ◊X [˝N˛ TˆÁ [˝µ˘ Eı◊Ã[˝^Ã Á [˝◊a„Tˆ [˝ÁW˝Ó c˜c˜^ÃO Á◊ªK˜„_X,
%ÁÃ[˝ a«Ã[˝Á‰ªRÙOcÕ ]W˝ÓY‹öˆ›Ã[˝Á `“›^«Tˆ [˝Á_ GÜÁW˝Ã[˝ ◊Tˆ_Eı„Eı Y“c˜ÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ =VÓTˆ
c˜cÕ„_ ◊[˝b] ÂGÁ_„^ÁG =dY~ c˜Ã^* cÕe_„â¯ AÃ[˝÷Y HªRÙOXÁ aªJÙÃ[˝ÁªJÙÃ[˝ H◊ªRÙOÃ^Á
UÁ„Eı* ÂEıÁX ◊[˝`◊ü [˝VÓÁ_„Ã^[Ã ˝ a\ˆÁ^Ã Y“W˝ÁX]‹óˆ› ◊]rÙÁ[Ã ˝ [˝ÓÁ_„ZıÁ[Ã ˝ ÂGÁ_]Á„_ [˝N˛ TˆÁ
Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝X XÁcÕ, Â`„b V«cÕLX ªK˜Áy XÁÃ[˝› Â[˝„` ]„á˚ =◊PˆÃ^Á TgˆÁc˜Á„Eı L«TˆÁÃ[˝
]Á_Á =Yc˜ÁÃ[˝ ÂVÃ^* ◊Tˆ◊X c˜Á◊a„Tˆ c˜Á◊a„Tˆ Âa =Yc˜ÁÃ[˝ G–c˜S Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜„_X*
%ÁÃ[˝ AEı[˝ÁÃ[˝ ªK˜ÁyGS ÂEıÁX [˝N˛ÁÃ[˝ [˝N ˛TˆÁÃ^ %a‹ô«ˆrÙ c˜cÕÃ^Á ]ÁÃ[˝Á]Á◊Ã[˝ Eı„Ã[˝ C
Y«◊_a„Eı ◊[˝b] Y“c˜ÁÃ[˝ Eı„Ã[˝* ◊[˝ªJÙÁ„Ã[˝ ªK˜Áy◊V„GÃ[˝ ÂEıÁXÃ[˝÷Y Vâ¯ c˜Ã^ XÁcÕ* %Á]Ã[˝Á
%[˝`Ó A]X EıUÁ [˝◊_ XÁ Â^, %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ÂV„` [Ã ˝ÁLX›◊TÊı %Á„≥VÁ_„X a\ˆÁa◊]◊Tˆ„Tˆ
AcÕÃ[˝÷Y ªJÙÁá˚_Ó %ÁÃ[˝ç˘ c˜=Eı* %Á]Ã[˝Á AcÕ EıUÁ [˝◊_„Tˆ ªJÙÁ◊c˜ Â^, AcÕÃ[˝÷Y
ªJÙÁá˚„_Ó ÿëˆÁÃ^w¯`ÁaX _Á„\ˆ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ %„^ÁGÓTˆÁ Y“◊TˆY~ c˜Ã^ XÁ; YÃ[˝‹ô«ˆ cÕc˜Á
L›[˝„XÃ[˝ _l˘S* [˝Ã[˝e cÕc˜Á„Tˆ Y“◊TˆY~ c˜Ã^ Â^, %Á]Ã[˝Á ^«G[˝ÓÁY›-LQÕˆ±ºˆ-`ÁY-
]«N˛ c˜cÕÃ^Á X[˝›X =VÓ„] X[˝›X `◊N˛„Tˆ X…Tˆ X Eı∂ˆÇÔ„l˘‰y Y“„[˝` Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ◊ªK˜*
ßG_›Ã[˝ Y◊Ã[˝SÁ]
ßG_›„Tˆ Y“Á„V◊Èı a◊]◊TˆÃ[˝ %◊W˝„[˝`X •ÁÃ[˝Á LÁTˆ›Ã^ Y„l˘Ã[˝ YU %„XEıªRÙOÁ
Y◊Ã[˝õıÁÃ[˝ c˜cÕÃ^Á ◊GÃ^Á‰ªK˜* ]W˝ÓY‹öˆ›„VÃ[˝ ]„XÃ[˝ \ˆÁ[˝ TˆÁgc˜Á„VÃ[˝ %ÁªJÙÃ[˝„S Â[˝ÁMıÁ ÂG_,
LÁTˆ›Ã^ Y„l˘Ã[˝ Y“Á[˝_ÓC aEı„_Ã[˝ %X«\…ˆTˆ c˜cÕ_* [˝Ü„V` Â^ LÁTˆ›Ã^ \ˆÁ„[˝ Y…SÔ
c˜c˜^ÃO Á‰ªK˜, TˆÁc˜Á[Ã ˝ %ÁÃ[˝ ◊EıKª ˜« ]Áy a„≥Vc˜ XÁc˜*O %„X„Eı a„≥Vc˜ Eı◊[Ã ˝^Ã Á◊ªK˜„_X ßG_›„Tˆ
LÁTˆ›Ã^ Y„l˘Ã[˝ V«[[˝Ô_TˆÁ C aeFÓÁÃ[˝ %îTˆÁcÕ %X«\…ˆTˆ c˜cÕ„[˝; ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ TˆÁc˜Á XÁ c˜cÕÃ^Á
[˝Ã[˝e AcÕ [˝bÔEıÁ_[˝ÓÁY› V_X C ◊XG–„c˜ AcÕ V„_Ã[˝ ◊Eı %‡«ˆTˆ `◊N˛[˝ ◊à˘ A[˝e
TˆÃ[˝”SV„_Ã[˝ c˜÷V„Ã^ ◊Eı G\ˆ›Ã[˝ LÁTˆ›Ã^ \ˆÁ[˝ C V ªRÕÙ aÁcã L◊XΩÃ^Á‰ªK˜ TˆÁc˜Á ÂV◊FÃ^Á
Y“ÁS %ÁX◊≥VTˆ C Y“Z«ı{ c˜cÕ_* ÂEı[˝_]Áy Eı◊_EıÁTˆÁ [˝Á Y…[[˝Ô[˝Ü c˜cÕ„Tˆ X„c˜,
ªJÙ◊[[˝` YÃ[˝GSÁ, ßG_›, c˜ÁCQÕˆÁ, Â]◊VX›Y«Ã[˝ cÕTˆÓÁ◊V Y◊∏JÙ][˝„ÜÃ[˝ ÂL_ÁaEı_
c˜cÕ„Tˆ LÁTˆ›Ã^ Y„l˘Ã[˝ Y“◊Tˆ◊X◊W˝ a◊]◊Tˆ„Tˆ ◊GÃ^Á◊ªK˜„_X* %ÁÃ[˝ AEıªRÙO› £\ˆ _l˘S
ÊªTˆLÿëˆ› C \ˆÁ[˝Y“[˝S X[˝›X V„_Ã[˝ Y„l˘ ^Ác˜Á ac˜LaÁW˝Ó X„c˜ %UªJÙ ◊[˝„`b
Y“„Ã^ÁLX›Ã^, ` Ö_Á C ÂXTˆÁ„VÃ[˝ %Áp˚ÁX«[˝◊wÔ¯TˆÁC ßG_›„Tˆ ÂVFÁ ÂG_* LÁTˆ›Ã^
Y„l˘Ã[˝ ÂXTˆÁÃ[˝Á EıFXC ]W˝ÓY‹öˆ› ÂXTˆÁG„SÃ[˝ XÓÁÃ^ Âÿëˆ¨K˜ÁÃ^ EıÁ^ÔÓ ªJÙÁ_ÁcÕ„Tˆ cÕ¨K«˜Eı
c˜cÕ„[˝X XÁ, V„_Ã[˝ a„Ü YÃ[˝Á]`Ô Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á G‹ôˆ[˝ÓYU ◊XSÔÃ^ Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝X, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ AEı[˝ÁÃ[˝
YU ◊ÿöˆÃ[˝ c˜cÕ„_ ÂXTˆÁÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ a+…SÔ ◊[˝`üÁa %Á[˝`ÓEı* ÂacÕ ◊[˝`üÁa ^◊V ªRÙO„_,
X…TˆX ÂXTˆÁ ]„XÁX›Tˆ EıÃ[˝Á Ê`“Ã^ïıÃ[˝, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ EıÁ„^ÔÓÃ[˝ a]„Ã^ Y“„TˆÓ„Eı ◊X„LÃ[˝ [˝«◊à˘
XÁ ªJÙÁ_ÁcÕÃ^Á AEıY“ÁS c˜cÕÃ^Á ÂXTˆÁ„Eı aÁc˜Á^Ó EıÃ[˝Á =◊ªJÙTˆ* YU◊XSÔÃ^ ÿëˆÁW˝›X ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ
C [˝ßL„XÃ[˝ YÃ[˝Á]`Ô ◊XSfiTˆ Y„U Èa„XÓÃ[˝ XÓÁÃ^ ` Ö_Á C [˝ÁW˝ÓTˆÁ, c˜cO ˜ÁcÕ Y“LÁTˆ„‹ó
ÊıÁ^ÔÓ◊a◊à˘Ã[˝ Y“E ıTˆ =YÁÃ^* %TÂ[˝ ßG_› %◊W˝„[˝`„X cÕc˜ÁcÕ Y“U] =Y_◊ç˘
c˜Ã^ Â^, LÁTˆ›Ã^ Yl˘ AEı [˝da„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ◊XG–c˜ C \ˆÃ^ Y“V`Ô„X %◊W˝Eı [˝_Á◊XüTˆ C
` Ö_ÁY“Áä c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜* cÕc˜Á ATˆ◊V„XÃ[˝ %‹ôˆ◊XÔ◊c˜Tˆ `◊N˛Ã[˝ ◊[˝EıÁ`*
◊•Tˆ›Ã^ Zı_ ]W˝ÓY‹öˆ›„VÃ[˝ ]„XÃ[˝ \ˆÁ[˝ EıÁ„^ÔÓ Y“EıÁ` c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜* TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á `ÁaX-
aeïıÁÃ[˝-Y“ÿôˆÁ[˝ G–c˜S Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝X, Âa aeïıÁÃ[˝ ◊X„Å¤Áb c˜=Eı [˝Á a„VÁb c˜=Eı,
ÂV„`Ã[˝ ◊c˜TÊıÃ[˝ c˜=Eı [˝Á %◊c˜TÊıÃ[˝ c˜=Eı, TˆÁc˜Á aeïıÁÃ[˝ XÁ„] %◊\ˆ◊c˜Tˆ, %TÂ[˝
G–c˜S›Ã^; TˆÁc˜Á _QÔˆ ]Ã[˝_›Ã[˝ Y“a…Tˆ ]ÁXa-a‹ôˆÁX, %TÂ[˝ G–c˜S›Ã^; Y«Ã[˝ÁEıÁ„_Ã[˝
Eıe‰G–„aÃ[˝ ◊ªJÙÃ[˝[˝Á◊s˙Tˆ V«_Ô\ˆ ÿëˆY¬, %TÂ[˝ G–c˜S›Ã^; =YÃ[˝‹ô«ˆ ]Ã[˝_›-◊Ã[˝YX-Y“a…Tˆ
ÿöˆÁX›Ã^ ÿëˆÁ^Ã w¯`Áa„XÃ[˝ Jª Ù[Ã ˝] %[˝ÿˆö Á %ÁXÃ^„X Y“◊Tˆp˚Á[˝à˘, %TÂ[˝ G–c˜S›Ã^* TˆÁc˜Á„Tˆ
LÁTˆ›Ã^ AEıTˆÁÃ[˝ %Á`Á _«äY“ÁÃ^ c˜=Eı [˝Á XÁ c˜=Eı, ÂXTˆÁ„VÃ[˝ ÿëˆY¬ \ˆÁ◊I¯[˝ÁÃ[˝
X„c˜* [˝ÃÊıªRÙO„Eı ◊[˝bÃ[˝◊c˜Tˆ ÊY“]]Ã^ ÿëˆ„V`›„Tˆ Y◊Ã[˝STˆ EıÃ[˝ÁC ÂXTˆÁ„VÃ[˝ ◊ÿöˆÃ[˝
%◊\â◊µ˘* ÿëˆÃê a\ˆÁY◊Tˆ ]c˜Á`Ã^ Â`l˘Y›Ã[˝„Eı Y“]ÁS Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á [˝ÃÊıªRÙO XÁ] [˝ÃÊıªRÙO
Eı◊Ã[˝[˝Á[Ã ˝ YÃ[˝Á]`Ô ◊V„_X, YÁ‰ªK˜ ]Ã[˝_›-]QˆÁ„Ã[˝‰Rª Ù[ÃO ˝ ◊]_X]◊≥V„Ã[˝ ◊[˝„•b-[˝◊c˜‘ Y“„[˝`
Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á a[˝ \ˆÿˆÇaÁd Eı„Ã[˝* %ÁÃ[˝ Â[˝ÁMıÁ ÂG_ Â^ ]W˝ÓY‹öˆ› ÂXTˆÁGS È[˝W˝ Y“◊Tˆ„Ã[˝ÁW˝
Y◊Ã[˝TˆÓÁG Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ E ıTâ·¯î* [˝Áÿôˆ◊[˝Eı ◊]_X ^FX c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜, `ÁaX aeïıÁÃ[˝ ^FX
G c˜›Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜, TˆFX Y“◊Tˆ„Ã[˝Á„W˝Ã[˝ %ÁÃ[˝ %Á[˝`ÓEıTˆÁ ÂEıÁUÁÃ^? ◊[˝Y„l˘ ◊[˝Y„l˘
Y“◊Tˆ„Ã[˝ÁW˝ aêˆ[˝, ÊY“◊]„Eı ÊY“◊]„Eı Y“ÁUÔXÁ %◊\ˆ]ÁX C l˘◊SEı ]„XÁ]Á◊_XÓcÕ
Â`Á\ˆÁ YÁÃ^* AcÕ Y«Ã[˝ÁTˆX-X›◊TˆÃ[˝ Y«XfaeÿöˆÁY„XÃ[˝ Zı_, ÂXTˆÁGS EıXÀ„\ˆ≥aX„Eı
%ÁÃ[˝C V ªRÕÙ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á %Á◊_ÜX Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á Ã[˝◊c˜Ã^Á‰ªK˜X, ]ÁV–Á„L [˝ÃÊıªRÙO [˝#¤X Eı◊Ã[˝„_
a«„Ã[˝≥V–XÁU EıXÀ„\ˆ≥aX TˆÓÁG Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝X [˝◊_Ã^Á Eı„ÃÊıLX Â^ %Á`Á ÂYÁbS
Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜„_X, ÂacÕ %Á`Á ◊[˝XrÙ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜* ÂEı[˝_ AEıªRÙO› ◊[˝b„Ã^ AFXC a„≥Vc˜
[˝wÔ¯]ÁX, LÁTˆ›Ã^ ]c˜Áa\ˆÁÃ[˝ Y«XfaeÿöˆÁYX aêˆ[˝ XÁ %aêˆ[˝? AEıY„l˘ Y“Á„V◊Èı
a◊]◊TˆÃ[˝ %◊W˝„[˝`„X ÂVFÁ ÂG_ Â^, a\ˆÁÃ^ ÂEıÁX Y…SÔ LÁTˆ›Ã^\ˆÁ[˝ Y“EıÁÈı
Y“ÿôˆÁ[˝ G c˜›Tˆ c˜cÕ„_ %Á]Ã[˝Á a◊]◊Tˆ \ˆÁ◊ÜÃ^Á a◊Ã[˝Ã^Á Y◊QÕˆ[˝, cÕc˜ÁcÕ ]W˝ÓY‹öˆ›◊V„GÃ[˝
V ªRÕÙa·¯î c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜* TˆÁc˜Á ^◊V c˜Ã^, Tˆ„[˝ Y“E ıTˆ BEıÓ %aêˆ[˝* cÕc˜ÁÃ[˝ TˆÁdY^ÔÓ
◊Eı? Y…SÔ Ã[˝ÁLY«Ã[˝”b-\ˆ◊N˛-Y“EıÁÈı ÂEıÁXC Y“ÿôˆÁ[˝ =Y◊ÿöˆTˆ c˜cÕ„_ LÁTˆ›Ã^ Yl˘
TˆÁc˜Á G–c˜S Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ [˝ÁW˝Ó, ^Tˆ ◊Xπèı_ Y“ÁUÔXÁ, Y“◊Tˆ[˝ÁV, ◊X„[˝VX G–c˜S Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ
[˝ÁW˝Ó, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ Y…SÔ LÁTˆ›Ã^ \ˆÁ[˝[˝ÓtEı Y“ÿôˆÁ[˝ G c˜›Tˆ c˜cÕ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ XÁ* AcÕ a„wÔ¯
ÂEıÁX Y“[˝_ C [˝à˘¤X`›_ V_ a◊]◊Tˆ„Tˆ UÁ◊Eı„Tˆ a∂ˆÇTˆ c˜cÕ„[˝ XÁ, ◊[˝„`bTˆf
Â^ V„_Ã[˝ ÿöˆÁÃ^›\ˆÁ„[˝ aeFÓÁ◊W˝EıÓ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜* %YÃ[˝Y„l˘ LÁTˆ›Ã^ Y„l˘Ã[˝ ◊X[[˝Ô„µ˘

V«cÕ V„_Ã[˝ AEıªRÙO› Eı◊]ªRÙO› ◊X^«N˛ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜, LÁTˆ›Ã^ ]c˜Áa\ˆÁÃ^ BEıÓ ÿöˆÁYX TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝
=„Å`Ó* a\ˆÓ◊V„GÃ[˝ ªJÙÁ◊Ã[˝LX ]W˝ÓY‹öˆ›, `“›^«Tˆ a«„Ã[˝≥V–XÁU, `“›^«Tˆ \…ˆ„Y≥V–XÁU
[˝a«, `“›^«Tˆ È[˝E«ı¢ˆXÁU ÂaX, `“›^«Tˆ %◊∂ëÊıÁªJÙÃ[˝S ]L«]VÁÃ[˝ A[˝e ªJÙÁ◊Ã[˝LX LÁTˆ›Ã^
Y„l˘Ã[˝ `“›^«Tˆ %Ã[˝◊[˝≥V ÂHÁb, `“›^«Tˆ Ã[˝LTˆXÁU Ã[˝ÁÃ^, `“›^«Tˆ ◊L„Tˆ≥V–_Á_
[˝„≥VÓÁYÁW˝ÓÁÃ^, `“›^«Tˆ E ıTˆÁ‹ôÊ«ı]ÁÃ[˝ [˝a«* cÕc˜ÁÃ[˝Á ^◊V AEı]Tˆ c˜cÕ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝X, TˆÁc˜Á
c˜cÕ„_ LÁTˆ›Ã^ ]c˜Áa\ˆÁÃ[˝ BEıÓ aeÿöˆÁYX ÊªJÙrÙÁaÁW˝Ó c˜cÕ„[˝* ÊªJÙrÙÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„_C Â^
BEıÓ aÁ◊W˝Tˆ c˜cÕ„[˝, TˆÁc˜ÁC [˝_Á ^ÁÃ^ XÁ; ÂEıX XÁ ^◊V Â]c˜TˆÁ C ÂGÁF„_
%a∂ˆÇTˆ c˜„Ã^X %U[˝Á [˝wÔ¯]ÁX y‘›Qˆ C EıÁ^ÔÓY“SÁ_› ◊[˝XÁ %ÁY◊w¯„Tˆ G–c˜S Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ
[˝„_X, TˆÁc˜Á c˜cÕ„_ ]W˝ÓY‹öˆ› ÂXTˆÁG„SÃ[˝ Y„l˘ TgˆÁc˜Á◊VG„Eı Y◊Ã[˝TˆÓÁG Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á
LÁTˆ›Ã^ ]c˜Áa\ˆÁ aeÿöˆÁY„X =„VÓÁG› c˜CÃ^Á %aêˆ[˝*
AcÕ %[˝ÿöˆÁÃ^ AEıTˆÁ %aêˆ[˝, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ Â^ l˘›S %Á`Á AFXC ◊[˝VÓ]ÁX, TˆÁc˜ÁcÕ
LÁTˆ›Ã^ Yl˘ W˝◊Ã[˝Ã^Á %Á‰ªK˜X, ÂacÕ %Á`ÁÃ^ aeFÓÁÃ^ %◊W˝Eı c˜cÕ„_C TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á a[[˝Ô-
◊[˝b„Ã^ ]W˝ÓY‹öˆ›„VÃ[˝ ◊XEıªRÙO cÕ¨K˜Á Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á c˜ÁÃ[˝ ]Á◊XÃ^Á‰ªK˜X* AcÕÃ[˝÷Y TˆÓÁGÿëˆ›EıÁÃ[˝
C %Á±¡ae^] aEı_ Yl˘cÕ ÂVFÁcÕ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝* ^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á ÿëˆ›Ã^ [˝_ %[˝GTˆ %Á‰ªK˜X,
TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á a[[˝ÔVÁ ÂacÕ [˝_ Y“„Ã^ÁG Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ [˝Óÿôˆ c˜„Ã^X XÁ* %Á]Ã[˝Á a«Ã[˝ÁªRÙO %◊W˝„[˝`„X
ÈW˝^ÔÓªJ«ÙÓTˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜_Á], Â[˝Á∂ëˆÁcÕ„Ã^Ã[˝ ÂXTˆÁ◊V„GÃ[˝ %XÓÁÃ^ %◊[˝ªJÙÁÃ[˝ C %Y]ÁX ac˜Ó
Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^ÁC Â`„b ÈW˝^ÔÓ\ˆ„Ü ÂacÕ %Á±¡ae^„]Ã[˝ Zı__Á\ˆ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝_Á] XÁ,
ÂacÕ ÂVÁ„bÃ[˝ Y“ÁÃ^◊∏JÙw¯Ã[˝÷„Y ßG_›„Tˆ Y“[˝_ c˜cÕÃ^ÁC V«[[˝Ô_ ]W˝ÓY‹öˆ›V„_Ã[˝ a]ÿôˆ
%Á[˝VÁÃ[˝ ac˜Ó Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á AEıTˆÁÃ[˝ ÂacÕ l˘›S %Á`Á ^Ác˜Á„Tˆ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ÂVÁ„b ◊[˝XrÙ
XÁ c˜Ã^, ÂacÕ AEı]Áy _l˘Ó Ã[˝Á◊FÃ^Á Y“Á„V◊Èı a◊]◊Tˆ„Eı %EıÁ_ ] T«ˆÓÃ[˝ c˜ÿôˆ c˜cÕ„Tˆ
Ã[˝l˘Á Eı◊Ã[˝_Á]* ÂV„`Ã[˝ ◊XEıªRÙO %Á]Ã[˝Á ÂVÁb]«N˛ c˜cÕ_Á], \ˆ◊[˝bÓd [˝e`›Ã^„VÃ[˝
%◊\ˆ`ÁY ]«N˛ c˜cÕ_Á], cÕc˜ÁcÕ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ %Á±¡ae^„]Ã[˝ ^„UrÙ Y«Ã[˝ïıÁÃ[˝* ]c˜Áa\ˆÁÃ[˝
AEıTˆÁ aÁ◊W˝Tˆ c˜cÕ„[˝ ◊Eı ◊ªJÙÃ[˝EıÁ„_Ã[˝ LXÓ ◊[˝XrÙ c˜cÕ„[˝, TˆÁc˜Á \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ cÕ¨K˜ÁW˝›X,
%Á]Á„VÃ[˝ X„c˜* %Á]Ã[˝Á y‘›Qˆ ac˜Ó Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ XÁ, Â^ EıÁ^ÔÓY“SÁ_› ÂV„`Ã[˝ %X«]◊Tˆ
XÁ _cÕÃ^Á Y“ªJÙ◊_Tˆ EıÃ[˝Á c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜, ÂV„`Ã[˝ Y“◊Tˆ◊X◊W˝GS Y“EıÁ`Óa\ˆÁÃ^ TˆÁc˜Á G–c˜S
XÁ EıÃ[˝Á Y^ÔÓ‹ôˆ %Á]Ã[˝ÁC G–c˜S Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ XÁ* AcÕ V«cÕ ◊[˝b„Ã^ %Á]Ã[˝Á E ıTˆ◊X∏JÙÃ^,
◊Eı‹ô«ˆ TˆÁc˜Á ◊\ˆ~ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ Yl˘ c˜cÕ„Tˆ ÂEıÁXC [˝ÁW˝Á c˜cÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ aêˆÁ[˝XÁ XÁcÕ* [˝ÁW˝Á
^◊V c˜Ã^, %YÃ[˝ Yl˘ c˜cÕ„Tˆ c˜cÕ„[˝*
◊Eı‹ô«ˆ %Á]Ã[˝Á AcÕ l˘›S %Á`ÁÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ ◊X\ˆ¤Ã[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ◊X‰∏JÙrÙ UÁ◊Eı„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝
XÁ* Eı„[˝ ÂEıÁXÀ %Tˆ◊EÔıTˆ V«◊[[˝ÔYÁ„Eı [˝Ü„V„`Ã[˝ BEıÓ ◊ªK˜~◊\ˆ~ c˜cÕ„[˝, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝
ÂEıÁX ◊ÿöˆ[Ã ˝TˆÁ XÁc˜*O ]c˜Á[Ã ˝Ár—Ù, ]ÁV–ÁL, ^«N˛Y“„V` C YtÁ„[˝[Ã ˝ LÁTˆ›^Ã Yl˘ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝
]«„FÃ[˝ ◊V„Eı ªJÙÁ◊c˜Ã^Á Ã[˝◊c˜Ã^Á‰ªK˜X* [˝Ü„V` \ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝ ÂXTˆÁ, [˝Ü„V„`Ã[˝ V ªRÕÙTˆÁ, aÁcã
C Eı∂ˆÇÔE«ı`_TˆÁÃ^ a]ÿôˆ \ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝ =à˘ÁÃ[˝ c˜cÕ„[˝, X‰ªJÙd c˜CÃ^Á %aêˆ[˝* %TÂ[˝
%Á]Ã[˝Á LÁTˆ›Ã^ V_„Eı %Á‚º˜ÁX Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ◊ªK˜, AFX EıÁ^ÔÓ„l˘‰y %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ %[˝TˆÃ[˝S
Eı◊Ã[˝; \ˆÃ^, %Á_aÓ, ◊X‰∏JÙrÙTˆÁ ÂV„`Ã[˝ LXÓ =daGfiE ıTˆ Y“ÁS aÁW˝Eı„VÃ[˝ aÁ„L
XÁ, ÂV`]Ã^ LÁTˆ›Ã^ \ˆÁ[˝ Y“[˝_\ˆÁ„[˝ LÁG–Tˆ c˜cÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ Eı∂ˆÇÔ•ÁÃ[˝Á Y“E ıTˆ
%Á^ÔÓa‹ôˆÁX [˝◊_Ã^Á Y◊Ã[˝ªJÙÃ^ XÁ ◊V„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝„_ ÂacÕ LÁGÃ[˝S, ÂacÕ Y“Á[˝_Ó, ÂacÕ
<`ü„Ã[˝Ã[˝ %Á`›[[˝ÔÁV ÿöˆÁÃ^› c˜cÕ„[˝ XÁ* \ˆG[˝ÁX Eı„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ LXÓ, X[˝^«G Y“[˝wÔ¯„XÃ[˝
LXÓ, LÁTˆ›Ã^ Yl˘„Eı a ◊rÙ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X* AcÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÂEı[˝_ =„w¯LXÁ C aÁcã X„c˜,
ÈW˝^ÔÓ, aTÊÔıTˆÁ C ` Ö_Á Y“„Ã^ÁLX›Ã^* \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ `◊N˛ [˝Ü„V„` W˝›„Ã[˝ W˝›„Ã[˝
%[˝TˆÃ[˝S Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜; A[˝ÁÃ[˝ ac˜„L ◊Tˆ„Ã[˝Á◊c˜Tˆ c˜cÕ„[˝ XÁ* %^Á◊ªJÙTˆ \ˆÁ„[˝ ÂV`„a[˝Á
Eı◊Ã[˝, YÃ[˝„]`ü„Ã[˝Ã[˝ %Á`›[[˝ÔÁV %Á‰ªK˜; c˜÷VÃ^◊ÿöˆTˆ [˝–°˘ LÁ◊GÃ^Á‰ªK˜X, \ˆÃ^ C a„≥Vc˜
=„Yl˘Á Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á W˝›Ã[˝\ˆÁ„[˝ G‹ôˆ[˝ÓY„U %G–aÃ[˝ c˜cÕ*
W˝∂ˆÇÔ, 5] aeFÓÁ, 4PˆÁ %Á◊`üX, 1316
`“›c˜vÙ ÂL_Á a◊]◊Tˆ

LÁTˆ›Ã^ \ˆÁ„[˝Ã[˝ ◊[˝ÿôˆÁÃ[˝ A[˝e %Á`ÁTˆ›Tˆ [˝ ◊à˘ ßG_›„Tˆ %[˝GTˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜_Á],
◊Eı‹ô«ˆ `“›c˜vÙ ÂL_Á a◊]◊Tˆ„Tˆ cÕc˜ÁÃ[˝ ªJ…ÙQÕˆÁ‹ôˆ ÂVFÁ ÂG_* Y…[[˝ÔÁá˚„_Ã[˝ AcÕ V…Ã[˝ Y“Á„‹ôˆ
]W˝ÓY‹öˆ› XÁ] ◊[˝_ä« c˜c˜^ÃO Á‰ªK˜, TÛÁÃ^ LÁTˆ›^Ã \ˆÁ[˝cÕ %l«˘| C Y“[˝_* `“›c˜vÙ[˝Áa›GS
\ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ[˝µ«˘ Â[˝Eı„Ã[˝Ã[˝ Ã[˝Á]Ã[˝Á„LÓ [˝Áa Eı„Ã[˝X XÁ, TÛÁ◊Y ◊XG–c˜X›◊TˆÃ[˝ LXΩÿöˆÁ„X
a◊]◊Tˆ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ÿëˆÃ[˝Á„LÃ[˝ XÁ] Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ \ˆÃ^ Eı„Ã[˝X XÁcÕ, a[[˝ÔÁÜ›S [˝ÃÊıªRÙO a]UÔX
Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ aÁcã› c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜X, %Á„[˝VX-◊X„[˝VXX›◊Tˆ [˝#¤XY…[[˝ÔEı %Á±¡`◊N˛ C È[˝W˝
Y“◊Tˆ„Ã[˝ÁW˝ %[˝_∂ëˆX Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á TˆVX«^ÁÃ^› Y“ÿôˆÁ[˝ aEı_ Ã[˝ªJÙXÁ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X* `“›c˜vÙ
ÂL_Á a◊]◊Tˆ„Tˆ ÿëˆ[Ã ˝ÁL W˝∂ˆÇTÔ ˆf Y“„TˆÓEı LÁ◊Tˆ[Ã ˝ Y“ÁYÓ [˝◊_Ã^Á ÂHÁbSÁ Eı[Ã ˝Á c˜c˜^ÃO Á‰ªK˜,
a◊]◊Tˆ ÂV`[˝Áa›◊VG„Eı ÿëˆÃ[˝ÁL-_Á„\ˆÃ[˝ LXÓ a[[˝Ô◊[˝W˝ È[˝W˝ =YÁÃ^ Y“„Ã^ÁG Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ
%Á‚º˜ÁX Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X* AcÕ %◊W˝„[˝`„X Eı„ÃÊıªRÙO› X…TˆX _l˘S ÂV◊F_Á]* Y“U]Tˆf,
a◊]◊Tˆ Ã[˝ÁLX›◊TÊı a·¯›SÔ Gâ¯›Ã[˝ [˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝ ^ÁcÕ„Tˆ aÁcã› c˜cÕÃ^Á ◊[˝_ÁTˆ^ÁyÁÃ[˝

Y“èaX›Ã^TˆÁ Y“Jª ÙÁ[Ã ˝ Eı◊Ã[˝^Ã Á‰ªK˜X C LÁTˆ›^Ã \ˆÁ[˝ÁY~ ◊[˝_ÁTˆ-Y“TˆÓÁGTˆ◊VG„Eı a]Á„L
G–c˜S Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ a]ÁL„Eı %X«„Ã[˝ÁW˝ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X* AcÕ a∂ëˆ„µ˘ ◊[˝bÃ^-◊X[[˝ÔÁªJÙX
a◊]◊Tˆ„Tˆ ^„UrÙ [˝ÁV◊[˝[˝ÁV c˜^Ã ◊Eı‹ôˆ« ]TˆÁ]Tˆ ◊V[˝Á[Ã ˝ a]„Ã^ a[[˝aÔ „]Tˆ ◊[˝_ÁTˆ^ÁyÁ-
◊[˝„Ã[˝ÁW˝›Ã[˝ aeFÓÁ AEıÁV„`Ã[˝ %◊W˝Eı c˜Ã^ XÁcÕ* Y“◊Tˆ◊X◊W˝„VÃ[˝ ]„W˝ÓC cÕc˜Á◊V„GÃ[˝
aeFÓÁ %◊Tˆ %î ◊ªK˜_* YgÁªJÙ `Tˆ Y“◊Tˆ◊X◊W˝Ã[˝ ]„W˝Ó Y“ÁÃ^ ªJÙ◊{`LX Y“ÿôˆÁ„[˝Ã[˝
◊[˝Ã[˝”„à˘ ◊ªK˜„_X, [˝ß`Tˆ Eı„¢ˆÃ[˝ GGX„\ˆV› "[˝„≥V]ÁTˆÃ[˝]À' W[˝◊XÃ[˝ a◊c˜Tˆ Y“ÿôˆÁ[˝
G c˜›Tˆ c˜cÕ_* ◊•Tˆ›Ã^Tˆf, %◊W˝„[˝`„XÃ[˝ a]„Ã^ AcÕ Y“ÿôˆÁ[˝ ◊\ˆ~ %ÁÃ[˝ ÂEıÁXC
Y“ÿôˆÁ[˝ G–c˜„S [˝N ˛TˆÁ EıÃ[˝Á c˜Ã^ XÁcÕ* Y“ÿôˆÁ[˝Eı, %X«„]ÁVEı C a]UÔEı aEı„_ ◊[˝XÁ
[˝N ˛TˆÁÃ^ ÿëˆ ÿëˆ EıÁ^ÔÓ a+ÁVX Eı◊Ã[˝„_X* T ˆTˆ›Ã^Tˆf, %◊W˝„[˝`X ac˜„Ã[˝ XÁ c˜cÕÃ^Á
L_Y¿Á◊[˝Tˆ L_a«EıÁ G–Á„] c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜* ªJÙT«ÛÔTˆf, a\ˆÁY◊TˆÃ[˝ %Áa„X _ç˘Y“◊Tˆúˆ
=◊Eı_ [˝Á ◊[˝FÓÁTˆ Ã[˝ÁLX›◊TÊı [˝N˛Á ◊[˝Ã[˝ÁL]ÁX XÁ c˜cÕÃ^Á AEıLX a«Y◊â¯Tˆ
W˝Á◊∂ˆÇÔEı a~ÓÁa›T«ˆ_Ó ◊XúˆÁ[˝ÁX W˝«◊Tˆ-ªJÙÁVÃ[˝ Y◊Ã[˝◊c˜Tˆ Ã[˝”V–Ál˘]Á_Á-„`Á◊\ˆTˆ [˝–Á°˘S
ÂacÕ %ÁaX G–c˜„S a[[˝ÔLXa∂ˆÇ◊Tˆ„Tˆ ◊X[[˝ÔÁ◊ªJÙTˆ c˜cÕ„_X* AcÕ aEı_ a«_l˘S
ÂV◊FÃ^Á EıÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ]„X %Á`Á C %ÁX≥V aá˚ÁÃ[˝ c˜cÕ„[˝ XÁ? %◊`◊l˘Tˆ LXa+“VÁÃ^
AFXC %Á„≥VÁ_„X Y…SÔ\ˆÁ„[˝ Â^ÁGVÁX Eı„Ã[˝X XÁcÕ, ◊`l˘ÁÃ[˝ %\ˆÁ„[˝ ÂacÕÃ[˝÷Y
Â^ÁGVÁX V«faÁW˝Ó, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ %Á„≥VÁ_X Eı„ÃÊıLX cÕeÃ[˝ÁL› \ˆÁbÁ◊\ˆp˚ =◊Eı_, QˆÁN˛ÁÃ[˝,
ae[˝ÁVYy-a+ÁVEı C ◊`l˘„Eı[Ã ˝ ]„W˝Ó %Á[˝à˘ XÁ c˜c˜^ÃO Á a]ÿôˆ ◊`◊l˘Tˆ a+“VÁÃ^„Eı
%ÁE ırÙ C %Á±¡aÁd Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜; L◊]VÁÃ[˝, [˝Ó[˝aÁÃ^›, [˝–Á°˘S Y◊â¯Tˆ, ac˜Ã[˝[˝Áa›,
G–Á][˝Áa› EıÁc˜Á„EıC [˝ÁV ÂVÃ^ XÁcÕ, cÕc˜ÁcÕ %Á`ÁÃ[˝ EıUÁ*
Y“LÁ`◊N˛ C ◊c˜≥V«a]ÁL
◊[˝_ÁTˆ^ÁyÁÃ[˝ Y“ÿôˆÁ[˝„Eı ÂEıX a«_l˘S [˝◊__Á], TˆÁc˜Á ae„l˘„Y ◊[˝[˝ Tˆ EıÃ[˝Á
=◊ªJÙTˆ* EıÁÃ[˝S AcÕ a∂ëˆ„µ˘ AFXC ]„TˆÃ[˝ BEıÓ XÁcÕ, %TÂ[˝ AcÕÃ[˝÷Y aÁ]Á◊LEı
EıUÁ =xÁ◊YTˆ XÁ EıÃ[˝ÁcÕ Ê`“Ã^ïıÃ[˝, cÕc˜ÁcÕ %„X„EıÃ[˝ W˝ÁÃ[˝SÁ* %Á]Ã[˝ÁC YgÁªJÙ [˝daÃ[˝
Y…„[[˝Ô AcÕ %ÁY◊w¯ ^«◊N˛aÜTˆ [˝◊_TˆÁ], AFXC ^◊V LÁTˆ›Ã^ ]c˜Áa\ˆÁÃ^ AcÕ Y“`¬
%Á„_Á◊ªJÙTˆ c˜c˜TO ˆ, %Á]Ã[˝Á TˆÁc˜Á [˝Á[Ã ˝S Eı◊[Ã ˝TˆÁ]* ÿëˆ„V`› %Á„≥VÁ_„XÃ[˝ Y…„[[˝Ô Eı„^Ã EıLX
cÕeÃ[˝ÁL›◊`◊l˘Tˆ, ◊[˝_ÁTˆ›\ˆÁ[˝ÁY~ \ˆV–„_ÁEı ◊\ˆ~ a]ÿôˆ ◊`◊l˘Tˆ a]ÁL Ã[˝ÁLX›◊TÊı
a\ˆÁÃ[˝ %◊W˝„[˝`„X Â^ÁGVÁX Eı◊Ã[˝„TˆX XÁ* cÕc˜ÁÃ[˝Á ◊c˜≥V«a]ÁL a+EıfiÃ^ L◊ªRÙO_
Y“`¬m◊_Ã[˝ ◊[˝ªJÙÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ %◊W˝EıÁÃ[˝› ◊ªK˜„_X XÁ, ÂacÕ aEı_ Y“‰`¬Ã[˝ ]›]ÁeaÁ
Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ ÂG„_ c˜ÁaÓÁ&V c˜cÕ„TˆX, ◊c˜≥V«a]Á„LÃ[˝ Ây‘ÁW˝ C H SÁÃ[˝ YÁy c˜cÕ„TˆX*
Â^ aÁ]Á◊LEı a◊]◊Tˆ ]c˜Áa\ˆÁÃ[˝ %◊W˝„[˝`XÿöˆÁ„X [˝◊aTˆ, TˆÁc˜ÁC ÂacÕÃ[˝÷Y
%X◊W˝EıÁÃ[˝ªJÙ¨JÙ¤Á Eı◊Ã[˝Tˆ* a]ÁLcÕ a]ÁLÃ[˝l˘Á C a]ÁLaeïıÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝;
^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á ◊c˜≥V«W˝∂ˆÇÔ ]Á„XX, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ÁcÕ ◊c˜≥V«a]Á„LÃ[˝ Y«XÃ[˝”#›[˝„X C W˝∂ˆÇÔaeÿöˆÁY„X
[˝–Tˆ› c˜cÕ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝X, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á ÂacÕ a]ÁL„Eı =„Yl˘Á Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ◊c˜≥V«W˝∂ˆÇÔ„Eı
=Yc˜Áa Eı„Ã[˝X, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á aeïıÁ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ EıUÁ T«ˆ◊_„_ ÂacÕ ÊªJÙrÙÁ„Eı %X◊W˝EıÁÃ[˝ªJÙ¨JÙ¤Á
◊\ˆ~ %ÁÃ[˝ ◊Eı [˝◊_[˝? ]c˜Áa\ˆÁÃ^ AFXC a]ÿôˆ ◊c˜≥V«a]ÁL Â^ÁGVÁX Eı„Ã[˝X XÁcÕ,
%TÂ[˝ ]c˜Áa\ˆÁ AcÕÃ[˝÷Y Y“ÿôˆÁ[˝ G–c˜„S %X◊W˝EıÁÃ[˝›* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ [˝Ü„V„`Ã[˝ %[˝ÿöˆÁ
ÿëˆTˆ‹ˆó * ◊XúˆÁ[˝ÁX ◊c˜≥V«, [˝Á– °˘S Y◊â¯Tˆ, ÈG◊Ã[˝Eı [˝aXW˝Á[Ã ˝› a~ÓÁa› Y^ÔÓ‹ôˆ [Ã ˝ÁLX›◊TÊı
%Á„≥VÁ_„X Â^ÁGVÁX Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ %ÁÃ[˝êˆ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X* =YÃ[˝‹ô«ˆ ◊c˜≥V«a]ÁL Ã[˝l˘ÁÃ[˝
=YÁÃ^ XÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„_ %ÁÃ[˝ ªJÙ„_ XÁ* YÁ∏JÙÁTˆÓ ◊`l˘ÁÃ[˝ %Áy‘]„S %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ a[˝
\ˆÁ◊ÜÃ^Á Y◊QÕˆ„Tˆ‰ªK˜* %ÁªJÙÁÃ[˝-◊[˝ªJÙÁÃ[˝ %ÁLEıÁ_ \ˆÁX]Áy, W˝„∂ˆÇÔ L›[˝‹ôˆ %ÁÿöˆÁ C
◊[˝`üÁa AFX _«ä XÁ c˜cÕ„_C Eı◊]Ã^Á ◊GÃ^Á‰ªK˜, ]«a_]ÁX C F–›rÙÁ„XÃ[˝ aeFÓÁ[˝ ◊à˘
c˜cÕÃ^Á ◊c˜≥V«Ã[˝ aeFÓÁ a„[˝„G ‚—˜Áa YÁcÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜; Y…„[[˝Ô a]„Ã^ÁY„^ÁG›, [˝wÔ¯]Á„X
%◊XrÙEıÁÃ[˝Eı Eı„ÃÊıªRÙO› Y“UÁÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ %X«◊ªJÙTˆ ]]TˆÁ [˝`Tˆf LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ =~◊Tˆ C
]c˜√¯º YÁ“ ◊ä ÿöˆ◊GTˆ c˜c˜^ÃO Á [Ã ˝◊c˜^Ã Á‰ªK˜* Y…[[˝EÔ ıÁ„_, ^FX ◊c˜≥V« [Ã ˝ÁLÁ ◊ªK˜„_X, [Ã ˝ÁL`◊N˛cÕ
[˝–Á°˘S◊V„GÃ[˝ YÃ[˝Á]„`Ô C aÁc˜Á„^Ó a]ÁLÃ[˝l˘Á C a]„Ã^ÁY„^ÁG› a]ÁL-aeïıÁÃ[˝
Eı◊Ã[˝Tˆ* ÂacÕ Ã[˝ÁL`◊N˛ _«ä, `›H– Y«XÃ[˝ÁÃ^ aeÿöˆÁ◊YTˆ c˜cÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ %Á`ÁC XÁcÕ* Tˆ„[˝
Y“LÁ`◊N˛ [˝◊à˘¤Tˆ c˜cÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜ C aeÿöˆÁ◊YTˆ c˜cÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÊªJÙrÙÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜* AcÕ %[˝ÿöˆÁÃ^
Y“LÁ`◊N˛ Y«Ã[˝ÁTˆX ◊c˜≥V« Ã[˝ÁL`◊N˛Ã[˝ ÿöˆÁX %◊W˝EıÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ÂacÕÃ[˝÷„YcÕ a]ÁLÃ[˝l˘Á
C a]ÁLaeïıÁÃ[˝ EıÃ[˝Á =◊ªJÙTˆ; X‰ªJÙd ◊c˜≥V« LÁ◊Tˆ =da~ c˜cÕ„[˝* `“›c˜‰vÙ AEıLX
[˝–Á°˘S Y◊â¯Tˆ AcÕ Y“ÿôˆÁ„[˝Ã[˝ ]«FÓ a]UÔEı ◊ªK˜„_X, Y“◊Tˆ◊X◊W˝G„SÃ[˝ ]„W˝ÓC Â[˝ÁW˝c˜Ã^
◊[˝_ÁTˆ-„Zı[Ã ˝Tˆ ÂEıc˜ ◊ªK˜„_X XÁ, G–Á„] G–Á„] ◊X[[˝ÁÔ ◊ªJÙTˆ Y“◊Tˆ◊X◊W˝ %◊W˝„[˝`„X =Y◊ÿöˆTˆ
◊ªK˜„_X* AcÕÿöˆ„_ AcÕÃ[˝÷Y Y“ÿôˆÁ[˝ G c˜›Tˆ c˜CÃ^Á %Á`ÁÃ[˝ _l˘ScÕ [˝◊_„Tˆ c˜cÕ„[˝*
cÕc˜Á„Tˆ ◊c˜≥V«a]Á„LC %ÁHÁTˆ _Á◊G[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÂEıÁXC aêˆÁ[˝XÁ XÁcÕ* %[˝`Ó AcÕÃ[˝÷Y
Y“ÿôˆÁ[˝ %◊Tˆ`Ã^ aTÊÔıTˆÁÃ[˝ a◊c˜Tˆ G c˜›Tˆ c˜CÃ^Á =◊ªJÙTˆ* [˝–Á°˘SGS C Y“„TˆÓEı
[˝„SÔÃ[˝ ]«FÓ ]«FÓ aÁ]Á◊LEı ÂXTˆÁ◊VG„Eı Y“ÿôˆÁ[˝G–c˜„S a∂ˆÇTˆ EıÃ[˝ÁcÕÃ^Á TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Y„Ã[˝
Y“ÿôˆÁ[˝ G–c˜S EıÃ[˝ÁcÕ ^«◊N˛aÜTˆ*
◊[˝„V`^ÁyÁ
◊[˝„V`^ÁyÁÃ[˝ %Á[˝`ÓEıTˆÁ a∂ëˆ„µ˘ %ÁÃ[˝ ]„TˆÃ[˝ %ÍXEıÓ UÁ◊Eı„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ XÁ*
%Á]Ã[˝Á aEı„_ ÿëˆ„V`›Ã[˝ ◊[˝ÿôˆÁÃ[˝„Eı LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ L›[˝XÃ[˝l˘ÁÃ[˝ ]«FÓ =YÁÃ^ [˝◊_Ã^Á W˝◊Ã[˝Ã^Á
_c˜^ÃO Á◊ªK˜, ◊[˝„V`^ÁyÁ ◊X◊bà˘ c˜c˜„O _ ÂacÕ ◊[˝ÿˆô Á[Ã ˝ c˜C^Ã Á V«faÁW˝Ó* ^gÁc˜Á[Ã ˝Á ◊`î◊`l˘Á[Ã ˝
LXÓ ◊[˝„V„` ^ÁcÕ„[˝X, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á ÂV„`Ã[˝ Ã[˝l˘Á„UÔ A[˝e a]ÁL Y«rÙÓ„UÔ ◊[˝„V`^ÁyÁ
Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝X, Y«SÓEıÁ„^ÔÓ W˝∂ˆÇÔEıÁ„^ÔÓ [˝–Tˆ› c˜cÕÃ^Á ^ÁcÕ„[˝X* ÂEıÁXÀ ]«„F a]ÁL AcÕ
EıÁ^ÔÓ„Eı YÁYEıÁ^ÔÓ [˝Á a]ÁLªJ«ÙÓ◊TˆÃ[˝ =Y^«N˛ E«ıEı∂ˆÇÔ [˝◊_„[˝X, ÂEıÁXÀ ]«„F =daÁc˜›
^«[˝Eı[˝ ≥V„Eı AcÕ ]c˜d =~◊Tˆ-‰ªJÙrÙÁÃ^ ◊X^«N˛ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ÂacÕ %Áp˚ÁYÁ_„XÃ[˝ Y«Ã[˝ïıÁÃ[˝
XÁ ◊VÃ^Á ◊[˝b] aÁ]Á◊LEı `Á◊ÿôˆ„Tˆ V◊â¯Tˆ Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝X* ATˆm◊_ ÂTˆLÿëˆ› W˝∂ˆÇÔY“ÁS
ÿëˆ„V`◊c˜ÍTˆb› LÁTˆ›Ã^\ˆÁ[˝ÁY~ ^«[˝Eı ^◊V a]ÁL c˜cÕ„Tˆ ◊[˝TˆÁ◊QÕˆTˆ c˜X, TˆÁc˜Á„Tˆ
◊c˜≥V«a]Á„LÃ[˝ ◊Eı Eı_ÓÁS aÁ◊W˝Tˆ c˜cÕ„[˝ --- ^«◊N˛Ã[˝ ◊VEı ÂV◊F„Tˆ ÂG„_ ◊[˝_ÁTˆ^ÁyÁ
◊X„b„W˝Ã[˝ Y„l˘ ÂEıÁX ^«◊N˛ YÁCÃ^Á ^ÁÃ^ XÁ* `Á‰ÿóˆÃ[˝ ◊VEı c˜cÕ„TˆC ◊[˝„V`^ÁyÁÃ[˝
ÂEıÁXC %_IHX›Ã^ Y“◊Tˆ[˝µ˘Eı c˜Ã^ XÁ* `Á‰ÿóˆÃ[˝ V«„ÃÊıªRÙO› Ê`¿Á„EıÃ[˝ ÂVÁc˜ÁcÕ ◊V„_
ªJÙ„_ XÁ, `Á‰ÿóˆÃ[˝ \ˆÁ[˝ÁUÔ C %Á^ÔÓa]Á„LÃ[˝ Y«Ã[˝ÁTˆX Y“SÁ_›C ÂV◊F„Tˆ c˜Ã^* %◊Tˆ
%[[˝ÔÁªJÙ›X EıÁ_ Y^ÔÓ‹ôˆ ◊[˝„V`^ÁyÁ C a]«V–^ÁyÁ ◊[˝XÁ %ÁY◊w¯„Tˆ ªJÙ◊_Tˆ, %Á^ÔÓ
aÁ◊c˜„TˆÓ cÕc˜ÁÃ[˝ \…ˆ◊Ã[˝ \…ˆ◊Ã[˝ Y“]ÁS YÁCÃ^Á ^ÁÃ^* ^FX a]ÁLÃ[˝l˘Á C %ÁªJÙÁÃ[˝Ã[˝l˘Á
Eı◊PˆX c˜cÕÃ^Á =‰Pˆ, TˆFX [˝–Á°˘S„VÃ[˝ YÃ[˝Á]„`Ô a]«V–^ÁyÁ C %ÁªRÙOEı XV›Ã[˝ CcÕ◊V„Eı
Y“[˝Áa EıÃ[˝Á ◊X◊bà˘ c˜Ã^* ÂacÕÃ[˝÷Y EıÁÃ[˝„ScÕ LÁYÁ„X ◊[˝„V`^ÁyÁ a+…SÔ ◊X◊bà˘
c˜cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜_* AcÕÃ[˝÷Y ◊[˝W˝ÁX EıÁ_a rÙ, EıÁ„_ XrÙ c˜Ã^, aXÁTˆX Y“UÁ c˜cÕ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝
XÁ* ^Tˆ◊VX LÁ◊Tˆ C a]ÁL TˆÁc˜Á •ÁÃ[˝Á =YE ıTˆ C Ã[˝◊l˘Tˆ c˜Ã^, TˆTˆ◊VX a]„Ã^ÁY-
„^ÁG› ◊[˝W˝ÁX UÁ„Eı, Â^◊VX LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ C a]Á„LÃ[˝ ◊[˝EıÁ` C =~◊TˆÃ[˝ %‹ôˆÃ[˝ÁÃ^
c˜cÕÃ^Á ^ÁÃ^, Âa◊VX c˜cÕ„Tˆ TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ◊[˝XÁ` %[˝`ÓêˆÁ[˝›* ◊[˝„V`„ZıÃ[˝Tˆ \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ[˝Áa›Ã[˝
cÕeÃ[˝ÁL %X«EıÃ[˝S, a]Á„LÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ =„Yl˘Á \ˆÁ[˝ A[˝e =à˘Tˆ %ÁªJÙÃ[˝S C EıUÁÃ^
AcÕ %Eı_ÓÁSEıÃ[˝ aeïıÁ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ◊[˝_∂ëˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜* a]ÁL ]Á◊XÃ^Á, a]Á„L UÁ◊EıÃ^Á
a]Á„LÃ[˝ Eı_ÓÁS aÁ◊W˝Tˆ c˜Ã^, TˆÁc˜Á a]ÁL ◊[˝XÁ„`Ã[˝ ÊªJÙrÙÁÃ^ aÁ◊W˝Tˆ c˜Ã^ XÁ*
W˝∂ˆÇÔ, 6úˆ aeFÓÁ, 11cÕ %Á◊`üX, 1316
_Á_„]Ác˜X ÂHÁb
GTˆ Y…[[˝Ô `◊X[˝ÁÃ[˝ [˝ÁGΩ›[˝Ã[˝ _Á_„]Ác˜X ÂHÁb ]c˜Á`„Ã^Ã[˝ Â_ÁEıÁ‹ôˆÃ[˝ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜*
cÕ◊X Â`b [˝Ã^„a ◊[˝„`b [˝«◊MıÃ^Á◊ªK˜„_X, LXaÁW˝ÁÃ[˝S„Eı [˝#¤X Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ÂEı[˝_
]«◊rÙ„]Ã^ cÕeÃ[˝ÁL›-◊`◊l˘Tˆ Â_ÁEı„Eı _cÕÃ^Á Ã[˝ÁLX›◊TÊı %Á„≥VÁ_X aZı_ c˜cÕ„Tˆ
YÁ„Ã[˝ XÁ; Y“Á„V◊Èı a◊]◊Tˆ„Tˆ [˝ÁÜÁ_ÁÃ^ [˝N ˛TˆÁ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ Y“UÁ ◊Tˆ◊XcÕ Y“U]
Y“[˝◊wÔ¯Tˆ Eı„Ã[˝X*
_Á_„]Ác˜„XÃ[˝ Y“U] [˝Ã^„a [˝ÁÜÁ_›Ã[˝ YÃ[˝]«FÁ„Y◊l˘TˆÁ V…Ã[˝ c˜Ã^ XÁcÕ* TˆÁcÕ
◊Tˆ◊X ◊[˝_Á„Tˆ YÁ_ÔÁ„]‰∞ªRÙOÃ[˝ a\ˆÓ c˜cÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÊªJÙrÙÁ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜„_X* TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Âa ÊªJÙrÙÁ
HªRÙOXÁªJÙ„y‘ Zı_[˝Tˆ› c˜Ã^ XÁcÕ*
_Á_„]Ác˜X %aÁW˝ÁÃ[˝S [˝ÁGΩ› ◊ªK˜„_X* cÕeÃ[˝ÁL› \ˆÁbÁÃ^ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ %aÁW˝ÁÃ[˝S
%◊W˝EıÁÃ[˝ ◊ªK˜_* ◊[˝_Á„Tˆ %„X„Eı TˆÁgc˜ÁÃ[˝ [˝N ˛TˆÁ ◊[˝„V`›Ã[˝ [˝◊_Ã^Á [˝«◊Mı„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝Tˆ
XÁ* cÕ_[˝ÁªRÙO¤ ◊[˝„_Ã[˝ %Á„≥VÁ_XEıÁ„_ [˝ÓÁ◊Ã[˝rÙÁÃ[˝ [˝–ÁXaX ^FX ªRÙOÁ=X c˜„_ [˝ÁÜÁ_›-
◊VG„Eı GÁ◊_ ÂVX TˆFX _Á_„]Ác˜X ªRÙÁEıÁÃ^ XUÔ[˝–”Eı c˜„_ Â^ [˝N ˛TˆÁ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜„_X,
TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Tˆ›[˝–TˆÁÃ[˝ T«ˆ_XÁ XÁcÕ* ÂacÕ [˝N ˛TˆÁÃ[˝ Zı„_ [˝–ÁXaX \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ[˝Áa› %ÓÁªRÙOSfi-
Eıw Ô¯Eı [˝◊#¤Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ[˝bÔ TˆÓÁG Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ [˝ÁW˝Ó c˜„Ã^X*
_Á_„]Ác˜X Â`b[˝Ã^„a X[˝\ˆÁ„[˝Ã[˝ \ˆÁ[˝«Eı c˜cÕ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝X XÁcÕ; [˝Ã[˝e Y…[[˝ÔaeïıÁÃ[˝
Y“^«N˛ X[˝\ˆÁ„[˝Ã[˝ \ˆÁ[˝«Eı◊VG„Eı ◊X≥VÁC Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜„_X*
◊Eı‹ô«ˆ [˝ÁÜÁ_ÁÃ^ "[˝ÃÊıªRÙO' Y“[˝wÔ¯„XÃ[˝ Y“ÿôˆÁ[˝ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ◊[˝Ã[˝ÁªRÙO Eı›◊wÔ¯* ◊VXÁLY«„Ã[˝
◊Tˆ◊X [˝Ü\ˆ„ÜÃ[˝ Y“◊Tˆ[˝ÁVÃ[˝÷„Y ◊[˝„V`›-[˝#¤„XÃ[˝ Y“ÿôˆÁ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜„_X*
`“›c˜‰vÙÃ[˝ Y“ÿôˆÁ[˝Á[˝_›
ac˜„^Á◊GX› "at›[˝X›' a«Ã[˝]Á =YTˆÓEıÁ a◊]◊TˆÃ[˝ %◊W˝„[˝`„X [˝ÃÊıªRÙO Y“ÿôˆÁ[˝
Y◊Ã[˝TˆÓN˛ c˜cÕ_ A[˝e DY◊X„[˝◊Èı ÿëˆÁÃ^w¯`ÁaX C ◊X[[˝ÔÁ◊aTˆG„SÃ[˝ a∂ëˆ„µ˘
a„‹ôˆÁbLXEı ÂEıÁX Y“ÿôˆÁ[˝ c˜cÕ_ XÁ [˝◊_Ã^Á V«fFY“EıÁ` Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X* "Â[˝Ü_›'
Y◊≈yEıÁÃ^ Y“EıÁ◊`Tˆ Y“ÿôˆÁ[˝m◊_Ã[˝ }]Á±¡Eı cÕeÃ[˝ÁL› %X«[˝ÁV ÂV◊FÃ^Á ac˜„^Á◊GX›
}„] Y◊TˆTˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜X* AcÕ %X«[˝ÁV }]Y…SÔ* Â^ ÿöˆÁ„X Self-Government
`å [˝Ó[˝c˜÷Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜, ]…_ [˝ÁÜÁ_ÁÃ^ Âa ÿöˆÁ„X ÿëˆÃ[˝ÁL `å ◊ªK˜_* ÿëˆÃ[˝Á„L

Y“„TˆÓEı a\ˆÓLÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ %◊W˝EıÁÃ[˝ %Á‰ªK˜, a◊]◊Tˆ ÂV`[˝Áa›GS„Eı a[[˝Ô◊[˝W˝ È[˝W˝ =YÁ„Ã^
ÿëˆ[Ã ˝ÁL-_Á„\ˆ[Ã ˝ ÊªJÙrÙÁ Eı◊[Ã ˝„Tˆ %Á‚º˜ÁX Eı◊[Ã ˝„Tˆ‰Kª ˜X, AcÕ ]„∂ˆÇÔ Y“ÿˆô Á[˝ G c˜›Tˆ c˜c˜^ÃO Á◊ªK˜_*
cÕe_„â¯Ã[˝ a◊c˜Tˆ \ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝ DY◊X„[˝◊Èı a∂ëˆµ˘ XÁcÕ; =YÃ[˝‹ô«ˆ DY◊X„[˝◊Èı
ÿëˆÁÃ^w-¯`ÁaX \ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝ Y…SÔ LÁTˆ›Ã^ ◊[˝EıÁ„`Ã[˝ C ]c˜„√º¯Ã[˝ =Y„^ÁG› `ÁaXTˆ‹óˆ
X„c˜; AcÕ ◊[˝`üÁa[˝„_ a◊]◊Tˆ ◊[˝XÁ ◊[˝„`b„S ÿëˆÃ[˝ÁLcÕ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ Ã[˝ÁLX›◊TÊı
ÊªJÙrÙÁÃ[˝ _l˘Ó [˝◊_Ã^Á ◊XSfiTˆ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X* [˝ÃÊıªRÙO Y“ÿôˆÁ[˝C Y◊Ã[˝TˆÓN˛ c˜Ã^ XÁcÕ; ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ
TˆÁc˜Á [˝Ü\ˆ„ÜÃ[˝ a◊c˜Tˆ L◊QÕˆTˆ XÁ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á a◊]◊Tˆ ÿëˆÃ[˝ÁL_Á\ˆ C ÂV„`Ã[˝ =~◊TˆÃ[˝
LXÓ [˝ÃÊı‰ªRÙOÃ[˝ Y“„Ã^ÁLX›Ã^TˆÁ [˝«◊MıÃ^Á a]UÔX Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X* Â^ È[˝W˝ =YÁ„Ã^
ÿëˆÃ[˝ÁL_Á„\ˆÃ[˝ ÊªJÙrÙÁ a◊]◊TˆÃ[˝ %X«„]Á◊VTˆ, [˝ÃÊıªRÙO ÂacÕ È[˝W˝ =YÁ„Ã^Ã[˝ ]„W˝Ó GSÓ
C Y“W˝ÁX, c˜cO ˜ÁcÕ `“›c˜vÙ[˝Áa›◊V„GÃ[˝ ]Tˆ* [˝^Ã Eı‰Rª Ù[ÃO ˝ Y“„^Ã ÁLX›Ã^TˆÁ [˝Ü\ˆÜ-Y“◊TÊıÁ„Ã[˝
a›]Á[˝à˘ c˜cÕ„_ TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Âl˘y %◊Tˆ a·¯›SÔ c˜cÕ„[˝* a◊]◊TˆÃ[˝ G c˜›Tˆ Y“ÿôˆÁ[˝ Ã[˝ªJÙXÁÃ^
AcÕ ]…_ ◊XÃ^] Ã[˝◊l˘Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜ Â^, %Á±¡`◊N˛ •ÁÃ[˝Á ^Ác˜Á _\ˆÓ TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝cÕ =YÃ[˝
◊[˝„`b _l˘Ó Ã[˝ÁFÁ EıwÔ¯[˝Ó, Ã[˝ÁLY«Ã[˝”b◊V„GÃ[˝ ◊XEıªRÙO %Á„[˝VX-◊X„[˝VX [˝#¤X›Ã^,
A[˝e Â^ Â^ ◊[˝bÃ^ TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ %X«G–„c˜Ã[˝ =YÃ[˝ ◊X\ˆ¤Ã[˝ Eı„Ã[˝ %UªJÙ =‰{F EıÃ[˝Á
%Á[˝`ÓEı, ÂacÕ a∂ëˆ„µ˘ G[˝SÔ„]‰∞ªRÙOÃ[˝ ◊XEıªRÙO Y“ÁUÔXÁ [˝Á Y“◊Tˆ[˝ÁV [˝#¤XY…[[˝ÔEı
]TˆY“EıÁ` ]Áy EıÃ[˝ÁcÕ ^„UrÙ* AcÕ ◊XÃ^Á]ÁX«aÁ„Ã[˝ a◊]◊Tˆ ◊X[[˝ÔÁ◊aTˆG„SÃ[˝ a◊c˜Tˆ
ac˜ÁX«\…ˆ◊Tˆ Y“EıÁ` Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^ÁcÕ l˘Á‹ôˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜X, [˝Ü\ˆ„ÜÃ[˝ ◊[˝Ã[˝”„à˘ [˝ UÁ [˝ÁGÁQÕˆ∂ëˆÃ[˝
XÁ Eı◊[Ã ˝^Ã Á ae„l˘„Y Y“◊Tˆ[˝ÁV Eı[Ã ˝Á c˜c˜^ÃO Á‰ªK˜* ac˜„^Á◊GX› DY◊X„[˝◊Èı ÿëˆÁ^Ã w¯`ÁaX
a[[˝Ô[˝ÁV›a∂ˆÇTˆ [˝◊_Ã^Á‰ªK˜X ÂV◊FÃ^Á ◊[˝◊ÿˆÇTˆ c˜cÕ_Á]* LÁTˆ›Ã^ Yl˘ ]W˝ÓY‹öˆ›◊V„GÃ[˝
]X Ã[˝Á◊F[˝ÁÃ[˝ =„Å„`Ó a\ˆÁa◊]◊Tˆ„Tˆ DY◊X„[˝◊Èı ÿëˆÁÃ^w¯`ÁaX Y“ÿôˆÁ„[˝Ã[˝ Y“◊Tˆ[˝ÁV
Eı„Ã[˝X XÁ [˝‰ªRÙO, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ÂacÕÃ[˝÷Y ÿëˆÁÃ^w¯`Áa„X TˆÁgc˜ÁÃ[˝Á %Á„VÏ %ÁÿöˆÁ[˝ÁX X„c˜X A[˝e
TˆÁc˜Á„Eı ÿëˆÃ[˝ÁL `„å %◊\ˆ◊c˜Tˆ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ a∂ˆÇTˆ X„c˜X* %a+…SÔ ÿëˆÃ[˝ÁL %W˝›XTˆÁ-
„VÁ„b V…◊bTˆ [˝◊_Ã^Á ÿëˆÃ[˝ÁL XÁ„]Ã[˝ %„^ÁGÓ; ÂacÕÃ[˝÷Y ÿëˆÁÃ^w¯`Áa„X cÕeÃ[˝ÁL
=Y◊X„[˝`[˝Á◊aGSC %a‹ô«ˆrÙ, ÂacÕ %a„‹ôˆÁb Âc˜T«ˆ ^«N˛ aÁ∂ÉˆÁLÓ (Imperial
Federation) A[˝e ÿëˆTˆ‹óˆ ÈaXÓ C ÂXÏ-„aXÁ GPˆ„XÃ[˝ ÊªJÙrÙÁ ªJÙ◊_„Tˆ‰ªK˜* TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á
%W˝›X c˜c˜^ÃO Á [˝◊ Rª ÙÒ aÁ∂ÉˆÁLÓ\«ˆN˛ UÁ◊Eı„Tˆ Jª ÙÁ„c˜X XÁ, aÁ∂ÉˆÁ„LÓÃ[˝ a]ÁX %◊W˝EıÁ[Ã ˝YÁ“ ä
%e`›VÁÃ[˝ c˜cÕ„Tˆ Y“Ã^Áa› c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜X* ^FX X[˝LÁTˆ %_ç˘Y“◊Tˆúˆ %FÓÁTˆXÁ]Á
◊`£LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ AcÕ ]c˜Tˆ› %ÁEıÁIl˘Á L◊XΩÃ^Á‰ªK˜, TˆFX %Á]Ã[˝Á Y“ÁªJÙ›X %Á^ÔÓLÁ◊Tˆ
^◊V %a+…SÔ C LÁTˆ›Ã^ ]c˜√º¯◊[˝EıÁ„`Ã[˝ %X«Y„^ÁG› ÿëˆÁÃ^w¯`ÁaX„Eı %Á]Á„VÃ[˝
AcÕ ]c˜ÁXÀ C <`üÃ[˝‰Y“◊Ã[˝Tˆ %\«ˆÓxÁ„XÃ[˝ ªJÙÃ[˝] C YÃ[˝] _l˘Ó [˝◊_, Tˆ„[˝ TˆÁc˜Á
%Á]Á„VÃ[˝ c˜›XTˆÁ C \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ aÁc˜Á^ÓY“Á◊ä a∂ëˆ„µ˘ %„^ÁGÓTˆÁ Y“EıÁ` EıÃ[˝Á ◊\ˆ~
%ÁÃ[˝ ◊Eı [˝◊_[˝?
LÁTˆ›Ã^ W˝X\ˆÁâ¯ÁÃ[˝
ßG_› Y“Á„V◊Èı a◊]◊TˆÃ[˝ %◊W˝„[˝`„X LÁTˆ›Ã^ W˝X\ˆÁâ¯ÁÃ[˝ ÂZıQˆÁ„Ã[˝`X c˜_
◊X∂ˆÇÔÁ„S [˝Ó◊Ã^Tˆ EıÃ[˝ÁÃ[˝ Y“ÿôˆÁ[˝ %◊[˝[˝Á„V G c˜›Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜_* ]W˝ÓY‹öˆ› ÂV`XÁÃÊı
`“›^«Tˆ a«„Ã[˝≥V–XÁU [˝„≥VÓÁYÁW˝ÓÁÃ^ AcÕ Y“ÿôˆÁ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜„_X, LÁTˆ›Ã^ Y„l˘Ã[˝ ÂXTˆÁ
`“›^«Tˆ %Ã[˝◊[˝≥V ÂHÁb cÕc˜ÁÃ[˝ %X«„]ÁVX Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜„_X; ◊[˝XÁ ◊[˝[˝Á„V C =daÁ„c˜Ã[˝
a◊c˜Tˆ Y“ÿôˆÁ[˝ G c˜›Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜_* cÕc˜ÁÃ[˝ YÃ[˝ a]ÿôˆ ÂV„`Ã[˝ %ÁEıÁIl˘Á =„Yl˘Á
Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á %XÓ ]Tˆ a ◊rÙ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÊªJÙrÙÁ ÂV`◊c˜ÍTˆb›Ã[˝ EıÁ^ÔÓ X„c˜* %UªJÙ "Â[˝Ü_›'
Y◊≈yEıÁ^Ã AEıLX Yy-‰Y“[Ã ˝Eı Y«[Ã ˝ÁTˆ X aeïıÁ„Ã[˝[Ã ˝ [˝`›\…ˆTˆ c˜c˜^ÃO Á Zı„â¯[Ã ˝ VÁTˆÁGS„Eı
E«ıYÃ[˝Á]`Ô ◊VÃ^Á‰ªK˜X* ◊Tˆ◊X [˝◊_Ã^Á‰ªK˜X Â^, ßG_›„Tˆ a]„[˝Tˆ ÂV`XÁÃÊı C
Y“◊Tˆ◊X◊W˝GS ◊[˝XÁ ◊[˝Jª ÙÁ„Ã[˝ C l˘◊SEı =„w¯LXÁÃ[˝ [˝„` AcÕ Y“ÿˆô Á[˝ G–c˜S Eı◊[Ã ˝^Ã Á‰ªK˜X*
[˝ÿóˆ[˝Ã^X◊`„îÃ[˝ aÁc˜Á„^ÓÃ[˝ LXÓ W˝X\ˆÁâ¯Á„Ã[˝Ã[˝ a ◊rÙ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜, %XÓUÁ [˝Ó◊Ã^Tˆ c˜cÕ„_
Zı„â¯Ã[˝ ÆœÙrÙ›GS ÂV„`Ã[˝ ◊XEıªRÙO ◊[˝`üÁaHÁTÊıTˆÁ %YÃ[˝Á„W˝ %YÃ[˝ÁW˝› c˜cÕ„[˝X* W˝X-
\ˆÁâ¯Á„Ã[˝Ã[˝ %UÔ ÂZıQˆÁ„Ã[˝`X c˜_ ◊X∂ˆÇÔÁS %„Yl˘Á LÁTˆ›Ã^ ◊[˝VÓÁ_Ã^ [˝Á Â[˝Ü_
ÊªRÙOEı◊XEıÓÁ_ cÕXÀ◊rÙ◊ªRÙO=‰ªRÙOÃ[˝ aÁc˜Á„^Ó [˝Ó◊Ã^Tˆ Eı◊Ã[˝„_ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ]„Tˆ ÂV„`Ã[˝ =YEıÁÃ[˝
C LÁTˆ›Ã^ %„UÔÃ[˝ a•Ó[˝c˜ÁÃ[˝ c˜cÕ„[˝* AcÕm◊_cÕ ]c˜d EıÁ^ÔÓ, ÂZıQˆÁ„Ã[˝`X c˜_
◊X∂ˆÇÔÁS %◊Tˆ`Ã^ l«˘V– C XGSÓ EıÁ^ÔÓ, c˜„_Ã[˝ %\ˆÁ„[˝ %Á]Ã[˝Á ATˆ◊VX ÂEıÁX
%a«◊[˝W˝Á Â[˝ÁW˝ Eı◊Ã[˝ XÁcÕ; %ÁÃ[˝ ◊EıªK«˜◊VX c˜_ ◊X◊∂ˆÇÔTˆ XÁ c˜cÕ„_C ªJÙ„_* Y“U]
EıUÁ, [˝ÿóˆ[˝Ã^X ◊\ˆ~ %XÓ =„Å„`Ó [˝ÓÃ^ EıÃ[˝Á ^◊V ◊[˝`üÁaHÁTÊıTˆÁ c˜Ã^, Tˆ„[˝
Â_FEı ]c˜Á`Ã^ LÁTˆ›Ã^ ◊[˝VÓÁ_„Ã^ [˝Á ÊªRÙOEı◊XEıÓÁ_ cÕXÀ◊rÙ◊ªRÙO=‰ªRÙOÃ[˝ EıUÁ =xÁYX
Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X ÂEıX? cÕc˜Á„Tˆ ◊Eı AcÕ [˝«MıÁ ^ÁÃ^ XÁ Â^, %XÓ =„Å„`Ó [˝ÓÃ^ EıÃ[˝Á
TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ]„Tˆ %YÃ[˝ÁW˝ XÃ^, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ Zıâ¯ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ %X◊\ˆ]Tˆ =„Å„`Ó [˝Ó◊Ã^Tˆ c˜cÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝
aêˆÁ[˝XÁ ÂV◊FÃ^Á ÂEı[˝_ [˝ÁW˝Á ◊V[˝ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ ◊Tˆ◊X ◊[˝`üÁaHÁTÊıTˆÁ [˝◊_Ã^Á %ÁY◊w¯
Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X? ÆœÙrÙ›GS EıÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ◊XEıªRÙO %YÃ[˝ÁW˝› c˜cÕ„[˝X? ÂV„`Ã[˝ ]Tˆ ßG_›„Tˆ
Y“EıÁ` c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜, ÂV„`Ã[˝ Y“◊Tˆ◊X◊W˝GS AcÕ =„Å`ÓcÕ =Y^«N˛ =„Å`Ó [˝◊_Ã^Á ]Tˆ
Y“EıÁ` Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X, %TÂ[˝ AcÕÃ[˝÷Y %UÔ[˝Ó„Ã^ ÆœÙrÙ›GS ÂV„`Ã[˝ ◊XEıªRÙO %YÃ[˝ÁW˝›
c˜cÕ„[˝X XÁ* VÁTˆÁ„VÃ[˝ EıUÁ ^◊V [˝„_X, TˆÁc˜Á c˜cÕ„_ %Á]Ã[˝Á ◊Lp˚ÁaÁ Eı◊Ã[˝,
VÁTˆÁGS AcÕ W˝X\ˆÁâ¯ÁÃ[˝ ◊XL W˝X, ◊XL a+◊w¯ c˜cÕÃ^Á UÁ◊Eı„[˝ [˝◊_Ã^Á ◊VÃ^Á‰ªK˜X,
XÁ LÁTˆ›Ã^ W˝X, LÁTˆ›Ã^ a+◊w¯ c˜cÕ„[˝ [˝◊_Ã^Á ◊VÃ^Á‰ªK˜X? ^◊V AcÕ W˝X\ˆÁâ¯ÁÃ[˝
LÁTˆ›Ã^ a+◊w¯ c˜Ã^, TˆÁc˜Á c˜cÕ„_ %UÔ a]ÿôˆ [˝Ü„V„`Ã[˝ ]TˆÁX«aÁ„Ã[˝ [˝Ó◊Ã^Tˆ c˜CÃ^Á
=◊ªJÙTˆ* a]ÿôˆ [˝Ü„V` ^FX AcÕ =„Å`Ó ◊XSÔÃ^ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜, TˆFX VÁTˆÁGS ÂV„`Ã[˝
]„TˆÃ[˝ ◊[˝Ã[˝”„à˘ ]Tˆ ◊VÃ^Á [˝ÁW˝Á ◊V„[˝X ÂEıX? %TÂ[˝ AcÕÃ[˝÷Y %UÔ [˝Ó„Ã^ VÁTˆÁG„SÃ[˝
◊XEıªRÙOC ÆœÙrÙ›GS %YÃ[˝ÁW˝› c˜cÕ„[˝X XÁ* Tˆ„[˝ AcÕ AEıªRÙO› %ÁY◊w¯ EıÃ[˝Á ^ÁÃ^ Â^,
c˜Ã^Tˆ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á %ÁcÕXYÁ„` [˝à˘, %XÓ =„Å„`Ó Zıâ¯ Y“„Ã^ÁG Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ %a]UÔ*
^FX LÁTˆ›Ã^ W˝X\ˆÁâ¯ÁÃ[˝ ÿöˆÁ◊YTˆ c˜Ã^ TˆFX aeG c˜›Tˆ %UÔ [˝ÿóˆ[˝Ã^X cÕTˆÓÁ◊V EıÁ„^ÔÓ
[˝Ó◊Ã^Tˆ c˜cÕ„[˝, AcÕÃ[˝÷Y ÂHÁbSÁ c˜cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜_* AFX ◊[˝„[˝ªJÙÓ, cÕTˆÓÁ◊V `„åÃ[˝ %UÔ
◊Eı? [˝ÿóˆ[˝Ã^X cÕTˆÓÁ◊V ◊`îEıÁ^ÔÓ, XÁ [˝ÿóˆ[˝Ã^X cÕTˆÓÁ◊V LÁTˆ›Ã^ EıÁ^ÔÓ? Â`b %UÔ
^◊V W˝Ã[˝Á ^ÁÃ^, TˆÁc˜Á c˜cÕ„_ %ÁcÕ„XÃ[˝ %ÁY◊w¯C EıÁ◊ªRÙOÃ^Á ^ÁÃ^* ^◊V ÆœÙrÙ›GS ◊XL
l˘]TˆÁ a∂ëˆ„µ˘ a◊≥Vc˜ÁX c˜„Ã^X, Tˆ„[˝ VÁTˆÁG„SÃ[˝ a\ˆÁ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á [˝Ü„V„`Ã[˝ Y“◊Tˆ-
◊X◊W˝G„SÃ[˝ ]„Tˆ ]Tˆ ÂVCÃ^Á c˜=Eı, ÆœÙ rÙ›GS ÂacÕ %X«]◊Tˆ„Tˆ a„≥Vc˜]«N˛ c˜cÕ„Tˆ
YÁ„Ã[˝X* LÁTˆ›Ã^ ◊[˝VÓÁÁ_Ã^ [˝Á ÊªRÙOEı◊XEıÓÁ_ cÕXÀ◊rÙ◊ªRÙO=‰ªRÙO Zıâ¯ [˝ÓÃ^ EıÃ[˝ÁÃ[˝ a∂ëˆ„µ˘
XÁXÁ EıÁÃ[˝„S ]Tˆ„\ˆV c˜cÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ aêˆÁ[˝XÁ* %ÁÃ[˝ [˝ÿóˆ[˝Ã^X ◊`„î [˝ÓÃ^ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝
ÂEıÁXC Y“„Ã^ÁLX XÁcÕ, [˝Ã^X ◊`„îÃ[˝ ^„UrÙ =~◊Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜, ÂacÕ Âl˘‰yÃ[˝ %[˝◊`rÙ
EıÁ^ÔÓ [˝Ó◊N˛GTˆ ÊªJÙrÙÁ [˝Á Â^ÏU EıÁÃ[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ •ÁÃ[˝ÁcÕ a+~ c˜cÕ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝* A◊V„Eı
ÂZıQˆÁ„Ã[˝`X c˜_ ◊X∂ˆÇÔÁS %ÁÃ[˝ l«˘V– [˝Á ◊XπY“„Ã^ÁLX›Ã^ Eı∂ˆÇÔ [˝_Á ^ÁÃ^ XÁ* ATˆ◊VX
c˜_ ◊X∂ˆÇÔÁS XÁ c˜CÃ^ÁÃ^ a]ÿôˆ LÁ◊Tˆ aTˆÓ\ˆÜ C %Eı∂ˆÇÔSÓTˆÁÃ[˝÷Y Eı_·¯\ˆÁLX
c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜ A[˝e TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ %\ˆÁ„[˝ ^„UrÙ %a«◊[˝W˝ÁC Â\ˆÁG Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜* [˝Ü-
„V„`Ã[˝ L›[˝X„Eı≥V– Eı◊_EıÁTˆÁÃ^ Â^ W[˝◊X =‰Pˆ, a]ÿôˆ ÂV`]Ã^ TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Y“◊TˆW[˝◊X
LÁ„G, TˆÁc˜Á„TˆcÕ a]ÿôˆ LÁ◊Tˆ =daÁ◊c˜Tˆ C EıwÔ¯[˝ÓYÁ_„X [˝_›Ã^ÁX c˜Ã^, %Á„≥VÁ-
_„XÃ[˝ %ÁÃ[˝êˆ c˜cÕ„Tˆ cÕc˜Á =Y_◊ç˘ c˜cÕÃ^Á %Á◊a„Tˆ‰ªK˜* Eı◊_EıÁTˆÁÃ^ X›Ã[˝[˝TˆÁÃ[˝
Zı„_ ÂV` X›Ã[˝[˝ C =daÁc˜c˜›X c˜cÕÃ^Á Y◊QÕˆÃ^Á‰ªK˜* %TÂ[˝ a+…SÔ ÿëˆÁW˝›X\ˆÁ„[˝
a◊∂ˆÇ◊_Tˆ c˜cÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÿöˆÁ„XÃ[˝ %\ˆÁ[˝ aÁ]ÁXÓ %\ˆÁ[˝ X„c˜* AÃ[˝÷Y ÿöˆ„_ a]ÿôˆ
[˝Ü„V„`Ã[˝ %\ˆ›◊¥aTˆ =„Å„`Ó LÁTˆ›Ã^ W˝X\ˆÁâ¯Á„Ã[˝Ã[˝ %UÔ [˝ÓÃ^ EıÃ[˝Á =◊ªJÙTˆ C
Y“èaX›Ã^*
aÁÃ[˝ ÂZı„Ã[˝ÁL`Ác˜ Â]c˜TˆÁÃ[˝ [˝ÃÊıªRÙO-%X«Ã[˝ÁG

ATˆ◊VX %Á]Ã[˝Á AcÕ W˝ÁÃ[˝SÁÃ[˝ [˝`›\…ˆTˆ ◊ªK˜_Á] Â^, aÁÃ[˝ ÂZı„Ã[˝ÁL`Ác˜ Â]c˜TˆÁ
◊ªJÙÃ[˝EıÁ_cÕ [˝ÃÊıªRÙO ◊[˝„Ã[˝ÁW˝› C ÿëˆÃ[˝Á„L %XÁÿöˆÁ[˝ÁX* AcÕ W˝ÁÃ[˝SÁ aÁÃ[˝ ÂZı„Ã[˝ÁL`Á„c˜Ã[˝
%ÁªJÙ[Ã ˝„S C EıUÁÃ^ a rÙ C Y«rÙ c˜c˜^ÃO Á %Á◊a„Tˆ‰Kª ˜* ATˆ◊VX Y„Ã[˝ aÁÃ[˝ ÂZı„[Ã ˝ÁL`Á„c˜[Ã ˝
c˜÷V„Ã^ Y“[˝_ [˝ÃÊıªRÙO-%X«Ã[˝ÁG-[˝◊c˜‘ Lù◊_„Tˆ‰ªK˜ C ÿëˆÃ[˝Á„LÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ %LÿÉˆ %E ı◊≈y]-
‰Y“]W˝ÁÃ[˝Á TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ◊`Ã[˝ÁÃ^ ◊`Ã[˝ÁÃ^ [˝◊c˜„Tˆ‰ªK˜ A[˝e ◊ªJÙÃ[˝EıÁ_ [˝◊c˜Ã^Á‰ªK˜ £◊XÃ^Á %Á]Ã[˝Á
ÿôˆ◊êˆTˆ C ÂÃ[˝Á]Á◊á˚Tˆ c˜c˜_O Á]* AcÕ %‡«ˆTˆ [˝Á[Ã ˝TˆÁ "Â[˝Ü_›' Y◊≈yEıÁ Y“EıÁ` Eı◊[Ã ˝^Ã Á‰ªK˜*
_Á„c˜Á„Ã[˝ aÁÃ[˝ ÂZı„Ã[˝ÁL`Ác˜ ]W˝ÓY‹öˆ› ]c˜Áa\ˆÁÃ^ a\ˆÁY◊TˆY„V ◊X[[˝ÔÁ◊ªJÙTˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜X
[˝◊_Ã^Á ^Tˆ cÕeÃ[˝ÁL› ÈV◊XEı "ªRÙOÁcÕ]ÀaÀ %Zı cÕ◊â¯Ã^Á', "ÊrÙªRÀÙOaÀ]ÓÁX', "cÕe◊_`]ÓÁX',
"ÂQˆ◊_ X«ÓL' aEı„_cÕ %ÁX„≥V %W˝›Ã[˝ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜; cÕc˜Á Â]c˜TˆÁ ]c˜Á`„Ã^Ã[˝ Eı]
ÂGÏÃ[˝„[˝Ã[˝ EıUÁ X„c˜* "Â[˝Ü_›'Ã[˝ %ÁÃ[˝ a[˝cÕ ac˜Ó c˜Ã^, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ "cÕe◊_`]ÓÁX'AÃ[˝
%ÁX„≥V ac˜„^ÁG› ◊[˝YÃ[˝›Tˆ\ˆÁ„[˝ %W˝›Ã[˝ c˜cÕÃ^Á aÁÃ[˝ ÂZı„Ã[˝ÁL`Ác˜ [˝ÃÊıªRÙO C ÿëˆÃ[˝ÁL
◊[˝„Ã[˝ÁW˝› X„c˜X, cÕc˜Á Y“◊TˆY~ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÊªJÙrÙÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜X* ac˜„^ÁG› [˝◊_Ã^Á‰ªK˜X,
aÁÃ[˝ ÂZı„Ã[˝ÁL`Ác˜ Eı◊_EıÁTˆÁ %◊W˝„[˝`„X [˝ÃÊıªRÙO Y“ÿôˆÁ[˝ =daÁ„c˜Ã[˝ C %ÁX„≥VÃ[˝
a◊c˜Tˆ %X«„]ÁVX Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜„_X, VÁVÁ\ˆÁcÕ„Ã^Ã[˝ ]«F c˜cÕ„Tˆ ÿëˆÃ[˝ÁL `å ◊XGÔTˆ
c˜cÕ„_, ◊Tˆ◊X %ÁX„≥V Y“Z«ı{ c˜cÕÃ^Á TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ a]UÔX Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜„_X* %Á]Ã[˝Á £◊XÃ^Á
%Á‚Ú˜Á◊VTˆ c˜cÕ_Á] [˝‰ªRÙO, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ÂYÁQÕˆÁ ]„XÃ[˝ ÂVÁ„b V«rÙ a„≥Vc˜ LÃ^ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝_Á]
XÁ* ]„X Y◊QÕˆ„Tˆ‰ªK˜, ]ÁV–Á„L C %Á„]VÁ[˝Á„V ÿëˆ„V`› Y“ÿôˆÁ„[˝ Â]c˜TˆÁ ]c˜Á`„Ã^Ã[˝
Tˆ›[˝– =Yc˜Áa* ]„X Y◊QÕˆ„Tˆ‰ªK˜, Eı◊_EıÁTˆÁ %◊W˝„[˝`„X ÿëˆ„V`› Y“ÿôˆÁ„[˝ ""ÿëˆÁUÔTˆÓÁG
Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^ÁC'' EıUÁm◊_ a◊~◊[˝rÙ EıÃ[˝ÁcÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ V«cÕ-H∞ªRÙOÁ EıÁ_ W˝◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ◊Tˆ_„EıÃ[˝
=dEıªRÙO ÊªJÙrÙÁ, Â]c˜TˆÁÃ[˝ Ây‘ÁW˝ C ◊TˆÃ[˝ïıÁÃ[˝ C ÂGÁF„_ C ]Á_◊[˝Ã^ÁÃ[˝ ]W˝ÓÿöˆTˆÁ;
Y“ÿôˆÁ„[˝ ÂacÕ EıUÁÃ[˝ %[˝TˆÁÃ[˝SÁÃ^ Â]c˜TˆÁÃ[˝ %◊\ˆ]ÁX C ]c˜Áa\ˆÁÃ^ X›Ã[˝[˝TˆÁ* ]„X
Y◊QÕˆ„Tˆ‰ªK˜, a«Ã[˝Á‰ªRÙOÃ[˝ a\ˆÁ\ˆ„Ü Â]c˜TˆÁÃ[˝ %ÁX≥V Y“EıÁ`* ]„X Y◊QÕˆ„Tˆ‰ªK˜, Â]c˜TˆÁÃ[˝
Y‰y [˝Ü„V„`Ã[˝ %Y]ÁX A[˝e ]ÁV–Á„L [˝^Ã EıRª Ù-O [˝#X¤ * ]„X Y◊QÕˆ„Tˆ‰Kª ˜, DY◊X„[˝◊Èı
ÿëˆÃ[˝ÁL V…Ã[˝ \ˆ◊[˝bÓ„TˆÃ[˝ ÿëˆY¬]Áy [˝◊_Ã^Á Â]c˜TˆÁÃ[˝ ]TˆY“EıÁ`* XÁ, ÂYÁQÕˆÁ ]X
"Â[˝Ü_›'Ã[˝ £\ˆ ae[˝Á„V ◊EıªK«˜„TˆcÕ ◊[˝`üÁa Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ a∂ˆÇTˆ c˜cÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜ XÁ* %Á]Ã[˝Á
X∂Éˆ\ˆÁ„[˝ ac˜„^ÁG›„Eı TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ EıUÁÃ[˝ %î]Áy Y“]ÁS ◊V„Tˆ %X«„Ã[˝ÁW˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ◊ªK˜,
X‰ªJÙd AcÕÃ[˝÷Y a+…SÔ %_›Eı C %◊[˝`üÁa„^ÁGÓ EıUÁÃ[˝ Y“ªJÙÁ„Ã[˝ ]W˝ÓY‹öˆ›V„_Ã[˝
◊Eı _Á\ˆ c˜cÕ_, TˆÁc˜Á [˝«◊Mı_Á] XÁ*
EıXÀ„\ˆ≥aX a\ˆÁY◊TˆÃ[˝ ◊X[[˝ÔÁªJÙX

Â]c˜TˆÁ ]c˜Á`Ã^ Â^ _Á„c˜Á„Ã[˝ EıXÀ„\ˆ≥a„XÃ[˝ a\ˆÁY◊TˆY„V ◊X[[˝ÔÁ◊ªJÙTˆ c˜cÕ„[˝X,
cÕc˜Á LÁXÁ EıUÁ ◊ªK˜_* [˝Ü„V„`Ã[˝ [˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝ `“›^«N˛ a«„Ã[˝≥V–XÁU ]W˝ÓY‹öˆ›G„SÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó
]W˝ÓY‹öˆ› [˝◊_Ã^Á Y◊Ã[˝G◊STˆ X„c˜X, TgˆÁc˜Á„Eı [˝ÁV ◊V„_ [˝Ü„V`„Eı [˝ÁV ◊V„Tˆ c˜cÕ„[˝
[˝◊_Ã^Á %GTˆÓÁ TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á TgˆÁc˜Á„Eı ÿöˆÁX ◊V„Tˆ‰ªK˜X* TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ V«Å¤`Á ÂV◊FÃ^Á VÃ^ÁC
c˜Ã^, a«„Ã[˝≥V–XÁU„Eı ◊G◊_„TˆC YÁ„Ã[˝X XÁ, =VGÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„TˆC YÁ„Ã[˝X XÁ* ^gÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝
=VÁÃ[˝]Tˆ, ^gÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ ÂV„`Ã[˝ =YÃ[˝ Y“GÁªRÕÙ ÊY“],* a«„Ã[˝≥V–XÁU TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ %Á„[˝G]Ã^›
[˝N˛ TˆÁ, ÂTˆL◊ÿëˆTˆÁ C ÿëˆ„V` ÊY“„]Ã[˝ m„S %aÁW˝Á[Ã ˝S Y“◊TˆY◊w¯ _Á\ˆ Eı◊Ã[˝^Ã Á◊ªK˜„_X,
ÂacÕ Y“◊TˆY◊w¯ XrÙ c˜c˜„O Tˆ ^Ác˜„O Tˆ‰Kª ˜, aÁcãc˜›X [˝µ˘« G„SÃ[˝ E«ıY[Ã ˝Á]„`Ô a]ÿôˆ \ˆÁ[Ã ˝„Tˆ[Ã ˝
Y…LÓ ÂV`XÁÃÊı l«˘V– Y“Á„V◊Èı V„_Ã[˝ ÂXTˆÁÃ^ Y◊Ã[˝STˆ c˜cÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜X* AcÕ◊V„Eı aÁÃ[˝
ÂZı„[Ã ˝ÁL`Ác˜ Â]c˜TˆÁ EıX„À \ˆ≥a„X %aÜTˆ %Á◊W˝YTˆÓ _Á\ˆ Eı◊[Ã ˝^Ã Á AcÕ LÁ_ Eıe‰G–a
[˝ÃÊıªRÙO-[˝#¤X C `ÁaX aeïıÁÃ[˝ G–c˜S Y…[[˝ÔEı Ã[˝ÁLY«Ã[˝”b\ˆ◊N˛Ã[˝ ]ÁyÁ [˝ ◊à˘ C
LÁTˆ›Ã^TˆÁ ‚—˜Áa Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ [˝à˘Y◊Ã[˝EıÃ[˝ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜X* cÕc˜Á„Tˆ [˝Ü„V„`Ã[˝ ]W˝ÓY‹öˆ›GS
%a‹ô«ˆrÙ c˜X* TˆÁc˜Á„Tˆ EıXÀ„\ˆ≥a„XÃ[˝ Ã[˝ÁLÁÃ[˝ ◊Eı? [˝Ü„V„`Ã[˝ =YÃ[˝ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ %[˝p˚Á
C ◊[˝„•b %◊Tˆ`Ã^ G\ˆ›Ã[˝, [˝Ü„V„`Ã[˝ Y“◊Tˆ◊X◊W˝GS EıXÀ„\ˆ≥aX [˝#¤X Eı◊Ã[˝„_C
◊Tˆ◊X TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ◊X◊Å¤rÙ YU Y◊Ã[˝TˆÓÁG Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝X [˝XÁ]* ÿëˆÃ[˝ÁL, [˝ÃÊıªRÙO, LÁTˆ›Ã^ ◊`l˘Á
C [˝Ü\ˆ„ÜÃ[˝ Y“◊Tˆ[˝Á„VÃ[˝ a◊c˜Tˆ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ V„_Ã[˝ ÂEıÁXC %Á‹ôˆ◊Ã[˝Eı ac˜ÁX«\…ˆ◊Tˆ XÁcÕ,
AcÕ Y“ÿôˆÁ[˝m◊_ =◊PˆÃ^Á ÂG„_ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á [˝gÁ‰ªJÙX* TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á ◊]‰∞ªRÙOÁ-ÿëˆ„V`› ªJÙÁX,
ÿëˆÁUÔTˆÓÁG^«N˛ ÿëˆ„V`› ªJÙÁX XÁ* AcÕ %[˝ÿöˆÁÃ^ [˝Ü„V„`Ã[˝ ]W˝ÓY‹öˆ›GS c˜Ã^ %Á‰ÿôˆ
%Á‰ÿôˆ ÿëÊı›Ã^ Ã[˝ÁLX›◊TÊı ]Tˆ aEı_ Â]c˜TˆÁÃ[˝ `“›ªJÙÃ[˝„S [˝◊_ ◊V„Tˆ [˝ÁW˝Ó c˜cÕ„[˝X,
XÁc˜^Ã EıX„À \ˆ≥aX c˜c˜„O Tˆ a◊Ã[˝^Ã Á %Á◊a„Tˆ c˜c˜„O [˝* ^«N˛ ]c˜Áa\ˆÁ TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ %Á±¡Ã[˝l˘Á[Ã ˝
AEıcÕ =YÁÃ^, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ Â]c˜TˆÁÃ[˝ EıUÁÃ[˝ ◊[˝Ã[˝”„à˘ aÁc˜„a EıUÁ [˝◊_Ã^Á ^«N˛ ]c˜Áa\ˆÁ
ÿöˆÁY„XÃ[˝ ÊªJÙrÙÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝X, TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó ÂacÕ [˝_ ÂEıÁUÁÃ^? ^Ác˜Á c˜=Eı, AcÕ
a\ˆÁY◊Tˆ ◊X[[˝ÔÁªJÙ„X %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ YU %Á„Ã[˝Á Y◊Ã[˝õıÁÃ[˝ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜* Â]c˜TˆÁ-]L◊_„a
%Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ÿöˆÁX XÁcÕ, ^«N˛ ]c˜Áa\ˆÁÃ[˝ %Á`Á %ÁÃ[˝C l˘›S c˜cÕÃ^Á ^ÁcÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜, AFX
◊X„LÃ[˝ YU ÂV◊F* [˝bÔ„`„bÃ[˝ Y…„[[˝ÔcÕ LÁTˆ›Ã^ Y„l˘Ã[˝ YÃ[˝Á]`Ô-a\ˆÁ ÿöˆÁYX C
a◊∂ˆÇ_X Y“„Ã^ÁLX›Ã^*
* AcÕ ÿöˆÁ„X ]«V–SY“]ÁV[˝`Tˆ ◊EıªK«˜ %e` ""W˝∂ˆÇÔ'' Y◊≈yEıÁÃ^ [˝ÁV Y‰QÕˆ◊ªK˜_ [˝„_ ]„X c˜Ã^*---a
W˝∂ˆÇÔ, 7] aeFÓÁ, 18cÕ %Á◊`üX, 1316
G›TˆÁÃ[˝ ÂVÁc˜ÁcÕ
_â¯„X LÁTˆ›Ã^ ]c˜Áa\ˆÁÃ[˝ %◊W˝„[˝`„XÃ[˝ Y„l˘ G›TˆÁ„Eı %Á`“Ã^ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á AEıªRÙO›
%‡«ˆTˆ C Ã[˝cãÓ]Ã^ ^«◊N˛ Y“V◊`ÔTˆ c˜cÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜* %◊W˝„[˝`„XÃ[˝ Y◊Ã[˝„YÁbEıGS ÂacÕÃ[˝÷Y
%◊W˝„[˝`„X Y“E ıTˆ Zı„_Ã[˝ aêˆÁ[˝XÁ ÂVFÁcÕ„Tˆ XÁ YÁ◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ÂV`[˝Áa›„Eı G›„TˆÁN˛
◊XõıÁ]W˝∂ˆÇÔ A[˝e ◊a◊à˘ C %◊a◊à˘ a∂ëˆ„µ˘ a]TˆÁ %[˝_∂ëˆX Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ [˝◊_„Tˆ‰ªK˜X*
_â¯X %◊W˝„[˝`X %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ EıwÔ¯[˝Ó Eı∂ˆÇÔ, %TÂ[˝ TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Zı_ÁZı_ ◊[˝„[˝ªJÙXÁ XÁ
Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á EıwÔ¯[˝Ó Eı∂ˆÇÔ a]ÁW˝ÁX EıÃ[˝Á =◊ªJÙTˆ* Ã[˝ÁLX›◊Tˆ„Tˆ W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ ÂVÁc˜ÁcÕ C G›TˆÁÃ[˝
ÂVÁc˜ÁcÕ ÂV◊FÃ^Á %Á]Ã[˝Á Y“›Tˆ c˜cÕ_Á], A[˝e "Eı∂ˆÇÔ„^ÁG›' C "W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝' ÊªJÙrÙÁÃ[˝ Zı_
c˜cÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜ [˝«◊MıÃ^Á %Á`Á◊XüTˆ c˜cÕ_Á]* Tˆ„[˝ G›TˆÁÃ[˝ AcÕÃ[˝÷Y [˝ÓÁFÓÁÃ^ ÂGÁQÕˆÁÃ^ G_V
c˜cÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ aêˆÁ[˝XÁ ÂV◊FÃ^Á `◊·¯TˆC c˜cÕ_Á]* EıwÔ¯[˝Ó YÁ_„XÃ[˝ =YÁÃ^-◊X[[˝ÔÁªJÙ„X
%Y◊Ã[˝SÁ]V◊`ÔTˆÁ C =„Å`Ó◊a◊à˘[Ã ˝ ÊªJÙrÙÁ^Ã =VÁa›XTˆÁ ◊`l˘Á ÂVCÃ^Á G›TˆÁ[Ã ˝ a]TˆÁ[˝ÁV
C ◊XõıÁ]-Eı∂ˆÇÔ[˝Á„VÃ[˝ =„Å`Ó X„c˜* %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ EıwÔ¯[˝Ó ◊Eı, TˆÁc˜Á %‰G– ◊XSÔÃ^ EıÃ[˝Á
%Á[˝`ÓEı; TˆdY„Ã[˝ W˝›Ã[˝\ˆÁ„[˝ %◊a◊à˘„Tˆ %◊[˝ªJÙ◊_Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á EıwÔ¯[˝Óa+ÁVX EıÃ[˝Á
W˝∂ˆÇÔÁX«„]Á◊VTˆ Y‹öˆÁ* _â¯X %◊W˝„[˝`X %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ EıwÔ¯[˝Ó Eı∂ˆÇÔ ◊EıXÁ, TˆÁc˜Á _cÕÃ^ÁcÕ
[˝ÁV◊[˝[˝ÁV; ÂacÕ Y“‰`¬Ã[˝ ]›]ÁeaÁÃ^ Y◊Ã[˝SÁ]◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ [˝#¤X Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝ XÁ* EıwÔ¯[˝Ó-
◊XSÔ„Ã^ V«cÕ ÿëˆTˆ‹óˆ ◊[˝b„Ã^Ã[˝ ]›]ÁeaÁ %Á[˝`ÓEı, Y“U] =„Å`Ó, ◊•Tˆ›Ã^ =YÁÃ^*
]«FÓ =„Å`Ó W˝∂ˆÇÔÁX«„]Á◊VTˆ c˜cÕ„_ --- W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ %Á[˝`ÓEı %Ü c˜cÕ„_ --- Y◊Ã[˝SÁ]
◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ ªJÙ„_ XÁ; TˆÁc˜Á %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ÿëˆW˝∂ˆÇÔ c˜Ã^, ÂacÕ W˝∂ˆÇÔYÁ_„X ◊XW˝XC Ê`“Ã^ïıÃ[˝ Tˆ„[˝
TˆÁc˜Á Y◊Ã[˝TˆÓÁG Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á YÃ[˝W˝∂ˆÇÔYÁ_X YÁY* Â^]X, ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁ-%#¤„XÃ[˝ ÊªJÙrÙÁ,
ÿëˆÁ◊W˝EıÁÃ[˝-_Á„\ˆÃ[˝ ÊªJÙrÙÁ, ÂV`◊c˜Tˆ-a+ÁV„XÃ[˝ ÊªJÙrÙÁ LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ Y“W˝ÁX W˝∂ˆÇÔ, ÂV„`Ã[˝
Y“„TˆÓEı Eı∂ˆÇfi-a‹ôˆÁ„XÃ[˝ ÿëˆW˝∂ˆÇÔ, ÂacÕ ÿëˆW˝∂ˆÇÔYÁ_„X Y“ÁSTˆÓÁGC Ê`“Ã^ïıÃ[˝, TÛÁ◊Y
ÿëˆW˝∂ˆÇÔTˆÓÁGY…[[˝ÔEı `…‰V–Á◊ªJÙTˆ YÃ[˝ÁW˝›XTˆÁ A[˝e VÁaÿëˆ\ˆÁ[˝-a«_\ˆ ÿëˆÁUÔYÃ[˝TˆÁ %Á`“Ã^
EıÃ[˝Á ]c˜ÁYÁY* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ =YÁÃ^ ÂEı[˝_cÕ W˝∂ˆÇÔÁX«„]Á◊VTˆ c˜cÕ„_ ªJÙ„_ XÁ, =„Å`Ó◊a◊à˘Ã[˝
=Y„^ÁG›C c˜CÃ^Á Y“„Ã^ÁLX* ÿëˆW˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ %ÜÿëˆÃ[˝÷Y EıwÔ¯[˝Ó Eı∂ˆÇÔ a]ÁW˝Á„XÃ[˝ LXÓ
W˝∂ˆÇÔÁX«„]Á◊VTˆ C =Y^«N˛ =YÁÃ^ Y“„Ã^ÁGY…[[˝ÔEı =daÁ„c˜Ã[˝ a◊c˜Tˆ EıwÔ¯[˝Ó-◊a◊à˘Ã[˝
ÊªJÙrÙÁ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^ÁC ^◊V ◊a◊à˘ _Á\ˆ XÁ H‰ªRÙO, TˆÁc˜Á c˜cÕ„_ %◊a◊à˘„Tˆ %◊[˝ªJÙ◊_Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á
Y“ÁSTˆÓÁG Y^ÔÓ‹ôˆ Y«Xf Y«Xf a[[˝Ô◊[˝W˝ =Y^«N˛ C W˝∂ˆÇÔÁX«„]Á◊VTˆ =YÁ„Ã^ EıwÔ¯[˝Ó-
YÁ_„XÃ[˝ V ªRÕÙ ÊªJÙrÙÁ, cÕc˜ÁcÕ G›„TˆÁN˛ a]TˆÁ C ◊XõıÁ] Eı∂ˆÇÔ* X‰ªJÙd G›TˆÁÃ[˝ W˝∂ˆÇÔ
Eı∂ˆÇfiÃ[˝ W˝∂ˆÇ,Ô [˝›„Ã[˝[Ã ˝ W˝∂ˆÇ,Ô %Á„^ÔÓ[Ã ˝ W˝∂ˆÇÔ XÁ c˜c˜^ÃO Á c˜^Ã TˆÁ]◊aEı ◊X‰∏JÙrÙTˆÁ[Ã ˝ Y◊Ã[˝„YÁbEı
◊`l˘Á, X„c˜ Tˆ %Y◊Ã[˝SÁ]V`fi ]…„FÔÃ[˝ W˝∂ˆÇÔ c˜cÕTˆ* Eı∂ˆÇÔZı„_ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ %◊W˝EıÁÃ[˝
XÁcÕ, Eı∂ˆÇÔZı_ \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ c˜Á„Tˆ; Eı„∂ˆÇÔcÕ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ %◊W˝EıÁÃ[˝ %Á‰ªK˜* aÁ◊√º¯Eı EıwÔ¯Á
%Xc˜e[˝ÁV› C Zı_Áa◊N˛c˜›X, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ Vl˘ C =daÁc˜›* ◊Tˆ◊X LÁ„XX Â^ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝
`◊N˛ \ˆG[˝Åw¯ C ]c˜Á`◊N˛ªJÙÁ◊_Tˆ, %TÂ[˝ ◊Tˆ◊X %Xc˜e[˝ÁV›; ◊Tˆ◊X LÁ„XX Â^,
Zı_ Y…[[˝Ô c˜cÕ„TˆcÕ \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ •ÁÃ[˝Á ◊X◊Å¤rÙ %TÂ[˝ ◊Tˆ◊X Zı_Áa◊N˛c˜›X; ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ
Vl˘TˆÁ, =YÁÃ^-◊X[[˝ÔÁªJÙX-YªªRÙO«TˆÁ, =daÁc˜, V ªRÕÙTˆÁ, %V]X›Ã^ =VÓ] `◊N˛Ã[˝ a„[[˝ÔÁ¨JÙ
%Ü, TˆÁc˜ÁC ◊Tˆ◊X LÁ„XX, %TÂ[˝ ◊Tˆ◊X Vl˘ C =daÁc˜› c˜„Ã^X* a…©ø◊[˝ªJÙÁ„Ã[˝
G›TˆÁ-◊X◊c˜Tˆ G\ˆ›Ã[˝ ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ C ◊`l˘ÁÃ[˝ Y“E ıTˆ %UÔ c˜÷VÃ^Ü] c˜Ã^* X‰ªJÙd V«„ÃÊıªRÙOÁ
Ê`¿Á„EıÃ[˝ ÿëˆTˆ‹óˆ C ◊[˝E ıTˆ %UÔ G–c˜S Eı◊Ã[˝„_ }]Á±¡Eı ◊`l˘Á ÂVCÃ^Á c˜Ã^ A[˝e
W˝„∂ˆÇÔ C Eı„∂ˆÇÔ %„W˝ÁG◊Tˆ c˜Ã^*
_â¯X %◊W˝„[˝`X C ^«N˛]c˜Áa\ˆÁ

ÂVFÁ ÂG_ Â^, G›„TˆÁN˛ a]TˆÁ[˝Á„VÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ _â¯X %◊W˝„[˝`X Y“◊Tˆ◊úˆTˆ c˜cÕ„Tˆ
YÁ„Ã[˝ XÁ* %ÁÃ[˝ AEı ^«◊N˛ Y“V◊`ÔTˆ c˜cÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜* TˆÁc˜Á„Tˆ Y◊Ã[˝SÁ]-◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ Y◊Ã[˝[˝◊#¤Tˆ
c˜Ã^ XÁcÕ* %◊W˝„[˝`„XÃ[˝ a]UÔEıGS [˝◊_„Tˆ‰ªK˜X, %ÁÃ[˝ ÂEıÁXC Zı_ c˜=Eı [˝Á XÁ
c˜=Eı, _â¯„X ^«N˛ ]c˜Áa\ˆÁ aeÿöˆÁYX c˜cÕ„[˝* _Á„c˜Á„Ã[˝ ÂacÕ %Á`Á EıÃ[˝Á [˝ UÁ;
_â¯„XcÕ a]ÿôˆ ÂV„`Ã[˝ %Á`Á C %ÁEıÁIl˘Á Zı_›\…ˆTˆ c˜cÕ„[˝* EıUÁªRÙO› ◊[˝„`b `“[˝S-
a«„FÁdYÁVEı [˝‰ªRÙO* cÕc˜ÁÃ[˝ ÂEıÁX aÁÃ^ UÁ◊Eı„_ %Á]Ã[˝ÁC _â¯X %◊W˝„[˝`„XÃ[˝
Yl˘YÁTˆ› c˜cÕTˆÁ]* %Á]Ã[˝ÁC LÁ◊X Â^ _Á„c˜Á„Ã[˝ ^«N˛ ]c˜Áa\ˆÁ ÿöˆÁY„XÃ[˝ ÂEıÁXC
%Á`Á XÁcÕ, EıFX ÂacÕ %Á`Á ÂYÁbSC Eı◊Ã[˝ XÁcÕ* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ a]ÿôˆ ÂV„`Ã[˝ %Á`Á C
%ÁEıÁIl˘Á ^◊V ÂV„`cÕ aZı_ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ =YÁÃ^ C %Á`Á XÁcÕ, Tˆ„[˝ a«V…Ã[˝ ◊[˝„V„`
ÂacÕ %Á`Á C %ÁEıÁIl˘Á aZı_ c˜cÕ„[˝, AcÕ %‡«ˆTˆ ^«◊N˛Ã[˝ ^ÁUÁUÔÓTˆÁÃ[˝ a∂ëˆ„µ˘
%Á]Ã[˝Á Y“TˆÓÃ^Á◊XüTˆ c˜cÕ„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝_Á] XÁ* ÂacÕÃ[˝÷Y aZı_TˆÁÃ[˝ ◊Eı ]…_Ó [˝Á ◊Eı
ÿöˆÁ◊Ã^±ºˆ c˜cÕ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝? [˝«◊Mı_Á] Â]c˜TˆÁ ÂGÁF„_ E ıb’ÿëˆÁ]› TÛÁÃ^ %X«Y◊ÿöˆTˆ c˜cÕ„_
^«N˛ ]c˜Áa\ˆÁÃ[˝ a]UÔEı Y“ÿôˆÁ[˝ G c˜›Tˆ c˜cÕ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝* [˝«◊Mı_Á], TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á =Y◊ÿöˆTˆ
c˜cÕ„_C ªK˜Áy◊V„GÃ[˝ =daÁ„c˜ =daÁ◊c˜Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á [˝Ü„V„`Ã[˝ ]W˝ÓY‹öˆ›GS ÂacÕÃ[˝÷Y
Y“ÿôˆÁ[˝ G–c˜S Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ aÁcã› c˜cÕ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝X* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Y„Ã[˝ ◊Eı c˜cÕ„[˝? ÂV„`
◊Zı◊[Ã ˝^Ã Á TgˆÁc˜Á[Ã ˝Á ÂEıÁXÀ YU %[˝_∂ëˆX Eı◊[Ã ˝„[˝X? ^gÁc˜Á[Ã ˝Á ÿëˆ„V„` Â]c˜TˆÁ[Ã ˝ C ÂGÁF„_Ã[˝
a∂ˆÇ«„F ÿëˆ]Tˆ Y“◊TˆúˆÁÃ[˝ ÊªJÙrÙÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ %l˘], TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á XÁ c˜Ã^ ◊[˝„V„` ^ÁcÕÃ^Á aÁcã
C ªJÙ◊Ã[˝‰yÃ[˝ [˝_ ÂVFÁcÕ„_X; ÿëˆ„V„` ◊Zı◊Ã[˝„_ TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ ÂacÕ aÁcã C [˝_ UÁ◊Eı„[˝
◊Eı? ^◊V UÁ„Eı, TˆÁc˜Á c˜cÕ„_ V…Ã[˝ ◊[˝„V„` XÁ ^ÁcÕÃ^Á ^«N˛ ]c˜Áa\ˆÁ ÂV„`cÕ ÿöˆÁ◊YTˆ
c˜CÃ^Á %aêˆ[˝ ÂEıX? Â]c˜TˆÁ ÂGÁF„_ _â¯X ]c˜Áa\ˆÁÃ[˝ Y“ÿôˆÁ[˝ EıFXC G–c˜S
Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝X XÁ* %◊W˝„[˝`„X a]ÿôˆ ÂV„`Ã[˝ Y“◊Tˆ◊X◊W˝GS =Y◊ÿöˆTˆ ◊ªK˜„_X XÁ, %î
Eı„ÃÊıL„XÃ[˝ YÃ[˝Á]„`Ô %„X„EıÃ[˝ ]Tˆ =„Yl˘Á Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á [˝Ü[˝Áa›◊V„GÃ[˝ aeFÓÁ◊W˝EıÓ-
„c˜T«ˆ Y“ÿôˆÁ[˝ G c˜›Tˆ c˜cÕ_; %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ EıXÀ„\ˆ≥a„XÃ[˝ %◊W˝„[˝`„X G c˜›Tˆ XÁ c˜CÃ^Á
Y^ÔÓ‹ôˆ %Á]Ã[˝Á a∂ˆÇTˆ c˜cÕ[˝ XÁ, cÕTˆÓÁ◊V %„XEı %L«c˜ÁTˆ %Á‰ªK˜* %L«c˜Á„TˆÃ[˝ ◊Eı
Y“„Ã^ÁLX? EıXÀ„\ˆ≥aX-X›◊TˆÃ[˝ ]…_ Tˆ√º¯ AcÕ Â^ ªJÙÃ[˝]Y‹öˆ›GS Ã[˝ÁL‰V–Ác˜› A[˝e
a]ÿôˆ %`Á◊‹ôˆ C %X„UÔÃ[˝ ]…_; TˆÁc˜Á◊VG„Eı Eı‰PˆÁÃ[˝ V„â¯ V◊â¯Tˆ EıÃ[˝Á G[˝SÔ„]‰∞ªRÙO Ã[˝
EıwÔ¯[˝Ó, %TÂ[˝ TˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ aeaGÔ Ã[˝◊c˜Tˆ XÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„_ ]c˜Áa\ˆÁ ◊[˝XrÙ c˜cÕ„[˝* AcÕ
]…_ Tˆ√º¯ ◊[˝a#¤X Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á ªJÙÃ[˝]Y‹öˆ›◊VG„Eı Y«X[[˝ÔÁÃ[˝ ]c˜Áa\ˆÁÃ^ Y“„[˝`
EıÃ[˝ÁcÕ„Tˆ ^ÁcÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜X, TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ Y“ÿôˆÁ[˝ %Á]Ã[˝Á £◊X„TˆC [˝ÁW˝Ó X◊c˜, AcÕ EıUÁ ◊Eı
Ã[˝Áa◊[˝c˜ÁÃ[˝›, ÂZı„Ã[˝ÁL`Ác˜ C ÂGÁF„_ [˝◊_„[˝X XÁ? aÁÃ[˝ ÂZı„Ã[˝ÁL`Á„c˜Ã[˝ ]Tˆ
aEı„_cÕ LÁ„XX, Ã[˝Áa◊[˝c˜ÁÃ[˝› [˝Á[˝« a«Ã[˝Á‰ªRÙOÃ[˝ [˝N ˛TˆÁÃ^ C ]ÁV–Á„LÃ[˝ [˝N ˛TˆÁÃ^ A[˝e
ÂGÁF„_ ]c˜Á`Ã^ Y«SÁÃ[˝ [˝N ˛TˆÁÃ^ ◊XL ◊XL ]Tˆ Y“EıÁ` Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X* TˆFX ◊Eı
%ÁÃ[˝ A %Á`Á EıÃ[˝Á ^ÁÃ^ Â^ [˝Ü„V„`Ã[˝ ]W˝ÓY‹öˆ›GS TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ [˝#¤X Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á
ÿëˆ„V„` ^«N˛ ]c˜Áa\ˆÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝X? ÂacÕ aÁcã C V ªRÕÙTˆÁ ^◊V UÁ„Eı, TˆÁc˜Á c˜cÕ„_
ÂV„` ^«N˛ ]c˜Áa\ˆÁÃ[˝ =„VÓÁG Eı„Ã[˝X XÁ ÂEıX? ÂacÕ V ªRÕÙTˆÁ XÁ UÁ◊Eı„_ _â¯„X
^ÁcÕÃ^Á ÂEıÏ`„_ Â[˝Á∂ëˆÁcÕ„Ã^Ã[˝ ÂXTˆÁGS„Eı YÃ[˝Á◊LTˆ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÊªJÙrÙÁ ◊[˝Zı_ c˜cÕ„[˝*
aÁÃ[˝ L#¤ zıÁ„EÔıÃ[˝ aÁÃ[˝G\ˆ¤ =◊N˛

aÁÃ[˝ L#¤ zıÁEÔı a+“◊Tˆ Y«SÁÃ^ Â^ [˝N ˛TˆÁ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X, TˆÁc˜Á„Tˆ %aÁÃ[˝ C
aÁÃ[˝G\ˆ¤ EıUÁÃ[˝ %Á∏JÙ^ÔÓ ◊]`“S c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜* Y“U] ^«◊N˛ AcÕ Â^, \ˆÁÃ[˝„Tˆ ◊`î-
[˝Á◊S„LÓÃ[˝ V–”TˆTˆÃ[˝ =~◊Tˆ c˜cÕ„_ ÂV„`Ã[˝ %„`b %◊XrÙ c˜cÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ aêˆÁ[˝XÁ; ÂEıX
XÁ, `“]L›[˝›[Ã ˝ aeFÓÁ %◊Tˆ`Ã^ Eı], ◊]„_Ã[˝ aeFÓÁ [˝Á◊QÕˆ„_ %ÁÃ[˝C Rª ÙÁO XÁªRÙÁO ◊X Y◊QÕˆ„[˝,
ªJÙÁb›GS `“]L›[˝› c˜CÃ^ÁÃ^ E ı◊bÃ[˝ %[˝X◊Tˆ c˜cÕ„[˝* E ı◊bÃ[˝ %◊Tˆ]Áy %Á◊W˝„EıÓ,
◊`î[˝Á◊S„LÓÃ[˝ ◊[˝XÁ„` [˝ ◊ªRÙO` [˝Á◊S„LÓÃ[˝ ^„UrÙ =YEıÁÃ[˝ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜* zıÁEÔı ÂacÕ
%ÿëˆÁ\ˆÁ◊[˝Eı %[˝ÿˆö Á[Ã ˝ Y◊Ã[˝[˝w¯Ô „X %Á`◊·¯Tˆ c˜c˜^ÃO Á‰ªK˜X* TˆÁc˜Á c˜eO [Ã ˝ÁL [Ã ˝ÁLX›◊Tˆ◊[˝„VÃ[˝
Y„l˘ ÿëˆÁ\ˆÁ◊[˝Eı C Y“èaX›Ã^* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ AcÕ %[˝ÿöˆÁÃ^ \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ[˝Áa›Ã[˝ VÁ◊Ã[˝V–Ó C %[˝X◊Tˆ
H◊ªRÙOÃ^Á‰ªK˜; E ı◊b Y“ÁW˝Á„XÓÃ[˝ a„·¯Á‰ªJÙ, [˝Á◊S„LÓÃ[˝ ◊[˝ÿôˆÁ„Ã[˝ `“]L›[˝›Ã[˝ =~◊Tˆ„Tˆ ÂV„`Ã[˝
]Ü_* aÁÃ[˝ L#¤ %ÁÃ[˝C [˝◊_Ã^Á‰ªK˜X Â^, [˝Ü\ˆ„ÜÃ[˝ Y“◊Tˆ[˝ÁV EıÃ[˝Á ^◊V [˝ÃÊı‰ªRÙOÃ[˝
=„Å`Ó c˜Ã^, LÁ\ˆÁÃ^ C ◊c˜≥V«Y“W˝ÁX Â]Á◊Ã[˝`ÓaÀ •›„YÃ[˝ %◊W˝[˝Áa›Ã[˝ Y“ÿô«ˆTˆ ◊ªJÙ◊XÃ[˝
[˝#¤„X ÂacÕ =„Å`Ó ◊aà˘ c˜cÕ„[˝ XÁ, TˆÁc˜Á„Tˆ [˝ ◊ªRÙO` LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ p˚Á„XÁVÃ^ c˜CÃ^Á
%aêˆ[˝* EıÁ^ÔÓTˆf AcÕ EıUÁÃ^ ◊Tˆ◊X ÂV`[˝Áa›„Eı ◊[˝„V`› [˝#¤X Y◊Ã[˝TˆÓÁG Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á
[˝ ◊ªRÙO` YSÓ [˝#¤X Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÃ[˝Á]`Ô ◊VÃ^Á‰ªK˜X* A EıUÁ ^«◊N˛aÜTˆ C aÁÃ[˝G\ˆ¤*
%Á]Ã[˝ÁC [˝◊_, \ˆÁ[Ã ˝Tˆ[˝Áa›Ã[˝ DY◊X„[˝◊Èı C \ˆÁ[Ã ˝Tˆ[˝Áa›Ã[˝ aÁc˜Á^ÓVÁTˆÁ %Á„]◊Ã[˝EıÁ[Ã ˝
YSÓ [˝#¤X XÁ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á [˝ ◊ªRÙO` YSÓ [˝#¤X EıÃ[˝ÁÃ^ [˝ÃÊıªRÙO E ıTÊıÁ^ÔÓ c˜cÕ„[˝; cÕeÃ[˝ÁL
LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ p˚Á„XÁVÃ^ C \ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ a∂ˆÇÁX \ˆÁ[˝ c˜cÕ„[˝, ÿëˆ„V`›Ã[˝C [˝_[˝ ◊à˘
c˜c˜„O [˝* ÿëˆ„V`› [˝ÿˆ«ô UÁ◊Eı„_ ◊[˝„V`› ◊Eı◊X[˝ XÁ, ÿëˆ„V`› [˝ÿˆ«ô [Ã ˝ %[˝w¯Ô ]Á„X %Á„]◊Ã[˝EıÁ
[˝Á %XÓ ÂV„`Ã[˝ YSÓ ◊Eı◊X[˝, [˝wÔ¯]ÁX %[˝ÿöˆÁÃ^ [˝ ◊ªRÙO` YSÓ ◊Eı◊X[˝ XÁ, cÕc˜ÁcÕ
ÿëˆ„V`› C [˝ÃÊı‰ªRÙOÃ[˝ Y“E ıTˆ Y‹öˆÁ* zıÁEÔı ]c˜Á`Ã^ %ÁÃ[˝C [˝◊_Ã^Á‰ªK˜X Â^, ÂEıÁX
◊X◊∏JÙTˆ =„Å`Ó [˝Á ◊[˝„`b ÂVÁb [˝Á %a«◊[˝W˝Á =Y_l˘Ó XÁ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á %◊X◊Å¤rÙ\ˆÁ„[˝
G[˝SÔ„]∞ªRÙO„Eı ◊TˆÃ[˝ïıÁÃ[˝ EıÃ[˝ÁÃ^ ÂEıÁXC Zı_ XÁcÕ* ÛÁUÔ EıUÁ* %Á]Ã[˝Á [˝wÔ¯]ÁX
%[˝ÿöˆÁÃ^ ◊Eı ÂVÁb [˝Á %a«◊[˝W˝Á ÂV◊F, ◊Eı„a a‹ô«ˆrÙ c˜cÕ[˝, TˆÁc˜Á Ã[˝ÁLY«Ã[˝”b◊VG„Eı
LÁXÁX c˜=Eı, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á ^◊V XÁ £„XX TˆÁc˜Á c˜cÕ„_C ◊TˆÃ[˝ïıÁÃ[˝ EıÃ[˝Á [˝ UÁ, %Á±¡`◊N˛
C È[˝W˝ Y“◊Tˆ„Ã[˝ÁW˝ %[˝_∂ëˆX›Ã^* zıÁEÔı ]c˜Á`„Ã^Ã[˝ EıUÁÃ[˝ AcÕ %UÔ [˝«◊Mı_Á]* %Á`Á
Eı◊Ã[˝, ÂV`[˝Áa› Â[˝Á∂ëˆÁcÕ„Ã^Ã[˝ _ÁªRÙOaÁ„c˜„[˝Ã[˝ AcÕ V«cÕ aÁÃ[˝G\ˆ¤ C ^«◊N˛aÜTˆ =Y„V`
c˜÷VÃ^Ü] Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝X*
◊[˝_Á„Tˆ %Á±¡Yl˘ a]UÔX

LÁTˆ›Ã^ Y„l˘Ã[˝ `“„à˘Ã^ ÂXTˆÁ `“›^«N˛ ◊[˝◊YXªJÙ≥V– YÁ_ a+“◊Tˆ LÁTˆ›Ã^ Y„l˘Ã[˝
\ˆ◊[˝bÓd Y‹öˆÁ ◊Xà˘¤ÁÃ[˝„SÃ[˝ a∂ëˆ„µ˘ ÿëˆ]Tˆ Y“EıÁ` Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X* ÂV◊F„Tˆ◊ªK˜ ◊[˝_Á„Tˆ
%Á±¡Yl˘ a]UÔX ◊[˝b„Ã^ ◊[˝◊YX [˝Á[˝«Ã[˝ ]Tˆ EıTÊı Y◊Ã[˝[˝◊wÔ¯Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜* %[˝ÿöˆÁ‹ôˆ„Ã[˝
ÂacÕÃ[˝÷Y ]Tˆ Y◊Ã[˝[˝wÔ¯X ÿëˆÁ\ˆÁ◊[˝Eı* ◊[˝„`bTˆf =„Å`Ó _cÕÃ^Á Â^]X %ªRÙO_ UÁEıÁ
Y“„Ã^ÁLX›Ã^, =YÁÃ^ _cÕÃ^Á %ªRÙO_ UÁEıÁ a[[˝ÔVÁ ◊[˝p˚TˆÁÃ[˝ Y◊Ã[˝ªJÙÁÃÊı X„c˜* =YÁÃ^
_cÕÃ^Á %Á]Á„VÃ[˝C ]Tˆ EıTÊı Y◊Ã[˝]Á„S Y◊Ã[˝[˝◊wÔ¯Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜* Tˆ„[˝ ◊[˝◊YX [˝Á[˝«Ã[˝
^«◊N˛Ã[˝ ^ÁUÁUÔÓ a∂ëˆ„µ˘ ]Tˆ„\ˆV c˜CÃ^Á aêˆ[˝* ◊Tˆ◊X [˝◊_„Tˆ‰ªK˜X, cÕeÃ[˝ÁL LÁ◊Tˆ
ÂV[˝TˆÁ XX, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á ÿôˆ[˝‰ÿôˆÁ‰y Y“›Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á ÿëˆGÔ c˜cÕ„Tˆ ÿëˆÃ[˝ÁL c˜Á„Tˆ _cÕÃ^Á %[˝TˆÃ[˝S
Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝X XÁ, aTˆÓ, TÛÁ◊Y TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á mSc˜›X [˝Á ÿëˆ\ˆÁ[˝Tˆf %XÓÁ„Ã^Ã[˝ Yl˘YÁTˆ›
X„c˜X, TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ ◊[˝„[˝Eı[˝◊« à˘ %Á‰ªK˜* a+“◊Tˆ ◊XG–c˜X›◊Tˆ Y“[˝◊wÔ¯Tˆ UÁEıÁ^Ã \ˆÁ[Ã ˝Tˆ[˝„bÔ
LÁTˆ›Ã^ Y„l˘Ã[˝ =VÓ] C ÊªJÙrÙÁ %◊Tˆ`Ã^ a·¯ªRÙO %[˝ÿöˆÁÃ^ Y◊QÕˆÃ^Á =w¯]Ã[˝÷„Y ªJÙ◊_„Tˆ„ªK˜
XÁ, ◊[˝_Á„Tˆ \ˆÁÃ[˝TˆÁGTˆ cÕeÃ[˝Á„LÃ[˝ ◊]UÓÁ ae[˝Á„VÃ[˝ Y“◊Tˆ[˝ÁV •ÁÃ[˝Á %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ Y“E ıTˆ
=„Å`Ó C EıÁ^ÔÓ [˝ ◊ªRÙO` LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ ◊XEıªRÙO p˚ÁYX Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝„_ ÂacÕ ◊[˝„[˝Eı
LÁG◊Ã[˝Tˆ c˜cÕ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ A[˝e ◊XG–c˜X›◊TˆC [˝µ˘ c˜cÕ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝* %TÂ[˝ ◊[˝_Á„Tˆ
ÂacÕÃ[˝÷Y Y“ªJÙÁ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ [˝Ó[˝ÿöˆÁ EıÃ[˝Á %Á[˝`ÓEı* %Á]Ã[˝Á ÿëˆ›EıÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝_Á] cÕeÃ[˝ÁLGS
ÂV[˝TˆÁC XX, Y£C XX, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á ]ÁX«b, TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ ◊[˝„[˝Eı[˝«◊à˘ %Á‰ªK˜* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ
cÕeÃ[˝ÁL Y£ C a+…SÔ mSc˜›X, A EıUÁC ÂEıc˜ EıFX [˝„_X XÁcÕ, AcÕÃ[˝÷Y \«ˆ_
W˝ÁÃ[˝SÁÃ^ LÁTˆ›Ã^ Yl˘ ◊[˝_Á„Tˆ %Á±¡Yl˘ a]UÔX TˆÓÁG Eı„Ã[˝X XÁcÕ* cÕeÃ[˝ÁL
]ÁX«b, ]ÁX«b ◊XL ÿëˆÁUÔcÕ %X_a ^«◊N˛ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ◊XL ÿëˆÁUÔ„Eı XÓÁÃ^ C W˝∂ˆÇÔ [˝◊_Ã^Á
%◊\ˆ◊c˜Tˆ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ %\ˆÓÿôˆ* %Á]Ã[˝Á ◊[˝◊YX [˝Á[˝«„Eı ◊Lp˚ÁaÁ Eı◊Ã[˝, ◊[˝_Á„Tˆ ÂacÕÃ[˝÷Y
[˝Ó[˝ÿöˆÁ c˜cÕ„_ aÁW˝ÁÃ[˝S cÕeÃ[˝ÁL EıÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ EıUÁÃ^ ◊[˝`üÁa ÿöˆÁYX Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝X --- %Á]Á„VÃ[˝
XÁ ◊XL LÁTˆ\ˆÁcÕ„Ã^Ã[˝? AcÕ EıÁÃ[˝„ScÕ %Á]Ã[˝Á ÂacÕÃ[˝÷Y ÊªJÙrÙÁÃ^ %ÁÿöˆÁ[˝ÁX XcÕ*
%ÁÃ[˝ AEıªRÙO› EıUÁ ÿˆÇÃ[˝S EıÃ[˝Á %Á[˝`ÓEı* ◊X[[˝ÔÁaX C ◊X[[˝ÔÁ◊aTˆG„SÃ[˝ a∂ëˆ„µ˘
aTˆÓ C ◊X\«ˆ¤_ EıUÁ ◊[˝_Á„Tˆ EıªRÙOX Y“\ ˆ◊Tˆ YÁ_ÔÁ„]‰∞ªRÙOÃ[˝ a\ˆÁaVGS Y“ÁSY„S
Y“ªJÙÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X, TˆÁc˜Á„Tˆ =VÁÃ[˝X›◊TÊı C Ã[˝l˘S`›_ %„XEı a\ˆÁaV ◊X[[˝ÔÁa„XÃ[˝
=YÃ[˝ [˝›Tˆ`“à˘ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜X [˝‰ªRÙO, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á ◊Eı EıFXC ◊X[[˝ÔÁaXY“UÁ =PˆÁcÕÃ^Á
◊V„[˝X [˝Á [Ã ˝ÁLY«[Ã ˝”bGS„Eı ◊X[[˝ÁÔ ◊aTˆ„VÃ[˝ ]«◊N˛ ◊V„Tˆ %Á„V` Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝X? ◊[˝◊YX[˝Á[˝«
AFX cÕeÃ[˝ÁL„VÃ[˝ Ã[˝ÁLX›◊TÊı L›[˝X ◊XEıªRÙO c˜cÕ„Tˆ ÂV◊F„Tˆ‰ªK˜X, EıTÊı %◊\ˆp˚TˆÁ
_Á\ˆC Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á UÁ◊Eı„[˝X, ◊Tˆ◊X A EıUÁÃ[˝ =w¯Ã[˝ ◊V=X*
W˝∂ˆÇÔ, 8] aeFÓÁ, 25Â` %Á◊`üX, 1316
◊[˝_Á„TˆÃ[˝ V…Tˆ
Â^]X \ˆÁÃ[˝„Tˆ, ÂTˆ]XcÕ ◊[˝_Á„Tˆ [˝ß Ã[˝ÁLX›◊TÊı a+“VÁÃ^ C ◊[˝◊\ˆ~ ]Tˆ
cÕeÃ[˝ÁL LÁ◊Tˆ„Eı XÁXÁ V„_ ◊[˝\ˆN˛ Eı„Ã[˝ A[˝e TˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ aeH„bÔ ÂV„`Ã[˝ =~◊Tˆ
C %[˝X◊Tˆ aeaÁ◊W˝Tˆ c˜Ã^* ]„W˝Ó ]„W˝Ó AEı AEı a+“VÁ„Ã^Ã[˝ V…TˆÿëˆÃ[˝÷Y ÂEıÁX
◊[˝FÓÁTˆXÁ]Á ae[˝ÁVYy„_FEı [˝Á YÁ_ÔÁ„]‰∞ªRÙOÃ[˝ a\ˆÁaV AcÕ ÂV„` %ÁG]XY…[[˝ÔEı
Â_ÁEı]Tˆ C ÂV„`Ã[˝ %[˝ÿöˆÁ EıTÊı %[˝GTˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á ÿëˆ„V„` Y“TˆÓÁG]X Eı„Ã[˝X*
\ˆÁÃ[˝„Tˆ X[˝LÁGÃ[˝S C ÂV`[˝ÓÁY› %`Á◊‹ôˆÃ[˝ m„S %„XEı cÕeÃ[˝Á„LÃ[˝ V ◊rÙ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝
◊V„Eı %ÁE ırÙ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜, X[˝›X, =~◊Tˆ`›_ `“]L›[˝› V„_ AcÕÃ[˝÷Y p˚ÁXÁEıÁIl˘Á
a«&rÙ _◊l˘Tˆ c˜Ã^* TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ Y“◊Tˆ◊X◊W˝ÿëˆÃ[˝÷Y ◊]f Eı›Ã[˝ c˜Á◊QÔˆ AcÕ ÂV„` %ÁG]X
Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜„_X, %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÂacÕ V„_Ã[˝ AEıLX Y“◊aà˘ ÂXTˆÁ, ◊]f Ã[˝ÓÁ]a› ]ÓÁEıQˆXÁ∑Qˆ
ÂacÕ =„Å„`ÓcÕ %Á◊aÃ^Á‰ªK˜X* `“]L›[˝› V„_Ã[˝ ]„W˝Ó %„XEı l«˘V– l«˘V– V_ %Á‰ªK˜,
AEı V„_Ã[˝ ÂXTˆÁ ◊]f ]ÓÁEıQˆXÁ∑Qˆ, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á %„Yl˘ÁE ıTˆ ]QˆÁ„Ã[˝ªRÙO* AEıV„_Ã[˝
ÂXTˆÁ ◊]f Eı›Ã[˝ c˜Á◊QÔˆ, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á TˆTˆ XÃ[˝]Y‹öˆ› X„c˜X* TˆÁc˜Á ◊\ˆ~ ªJÙÃ[˝]Y‹öˆ› C
ÂaÁaÁ◊_∫ªRÙO %Á‰ªK˜X, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á Eı›Ã[˝ c˜Á◊QÔˆ C ]ÓÁEıQˆXÁ∑Qˆ Y“\ ˆ◊Tˆ„Eı G–Ác˜Ó Eı„Ã[˝X
XÁ* ◊]f ]ÓÁEıQˆXÁ∑Qˆ Eı›Ã[˝ c˜Á◊QÔˆÃ[˝ XÓÁÃ^ [˝N ˛TˆÁ C ]TˆY“ªJÙÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ %◊X¨K«˜Eı,
◊Tˆ◊X ae^Tˆ\ˆÁ„[˝ ÿëˆ›Ã^ p˚ÁX◊_¥aÁ T ˆä Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ E ıTâeEıî* AcÕ Y“èaX›Ã^
=„VÓÁ„G ◊Tˆ◊X aEı„_Ã[˝ aÁc˜Á^Ó G–c˜S Eı◊[Ã ˝„Tˆ Y“ÿˆ«ô Tˆ* ◊Tˆ◊X AEı Zı[Ã ˝Áa› ae[˝ÁVY‰yÃ[˝
Y“◊Tˆ◊X◊W˝„Eı [˝◊_Ã^Á‰ªK˜X, ""%Á◊] %„Yl˘ÁE ıTˆ =~Tˆ]TˆÁ[˝_∂ëˆ› ◊c˜≥V« a+“VÁ„Ã^Ã[˝
]«FYÁy ◊]f %Ã[˝◊[˝≥V ÂHÁ„bÃ[˝ [˝N˛[˝Ó `“[˝„S a‹ô«ˆrÙ c˜cÕ[˝ XÁ, ]W˝ÓY‹öˆ›V_\«ˆN˛ ◊]f
[˝ÓÁXÁ#fi C XÃ[˝]Y‹öˆ› ◊]f ÂGÁF„_Ã[˝ a◊c˜Tˆ aÁl˘Ád Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ %Á`Á ÂYÁbS Eı◊Ã[˝*
[˝ ◊ªRÙO` `ÁaXTˆ„‹óˆÃ[˝ Y“W˝ÁX Y“W˝ÁX Eı∂ˆÇÔªJÙÁÃ[˝› C G–›Ã[˝aX Y“\ ˆ◊TˆÃ[˝ XÓÁÃ^ Y“W˝ÁX [˝ÓÁ„·¯Ã[˝
ªJÙÁ_EıG„SÃ[˝ a◊c˜TˆC YÃ[˝Á]`Ô Eı◊Ã[˝[˝*'' ◊]f ]ÓÁEıQˆXÁ∑Qˆ _QÔˆ ]Ã[˝_›Ã[˝ `ÁaX
aeïıÁ[Ã ˝ =VÁÃ[˝ [˝◊_Ã^Á Y“èaÁ Eı◊[Ã ˝^Ã Á‰ªK˜X A[˝e \ˆÁ[Ã ˝Tˆ [˝Áa› Ac˜[ÃO ˝÷Y =VÁÃ[˝ aeïıÁ„Ã[˝[Ã ˝
=Y^«N˛ ◊Eı XÁ TˆÁc˜Á ÿëˆÃê ÂV◊F„Tˆ ªJÙÁ„c˜X* V«cÕ ]Áa [˝Á ◊TˆX ]Áa \ˆÁÃ[˝„Tˆ H«◊Ã[˝Ã^Á
\ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ[˝Áa›Ã[˝ =Y^«N˛TˆÁ a∂ëˆ„µ˘ ◊]f ]ÓÁEıQˆXÁ∑Qˆ ÿëˆÃê ◊EıÃ[˝÷„Y ◊ÿöˆÃ[˝ ◊aà˘Á‹ôˆ
Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ a]UÔ c˜cÕ„[˝X, TˆÁc˜Á %Á]Ã[˝Á [˝«◊Mı„Tˆ %l˘]* ◊]f ]ÓÁEıQˆXÁ∑Qˆ ◊[˝_Á„TˆÃ[˝
AEıLX Y“W˝ÁX Y“LÁTˆ‹óˆ-a]UÔEı; [˝ ◊ªRÙO` aÁ∂ÉˆÁLÓ Y“LÁTˆ‹óˆ[˝ÁV›Ã[˝ %ÁV„`ÔÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝
Y“◊Tˆ◊úˆTˆ c˜CÃ^Á =◊ªJÙTˆ, ◊Tˆ◊X AcÕ ]Tˆ Y“EıÁ` Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X* AcÕÃ[˝÷Y =VÁÃ[˝X›◊Tˆ„EıÃ[˝
]«„F ]Ã[˝_›Ã[˝ aeïıÁ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ =VÁÃ[˝TˆÁ-Y“èaÁ ^FX £◊X„Tˆ c˜cÕ_, ÂV`[˝Áa› [˝«M«ıX,
◊[˝_Á„Tˆ %Á„≥VÁ_X EıÃ[˝ÁÃ^ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ Y◊Ã[˝`“] C %UÔ[˝Ó„Ã^Ã[˝ =Y^«N˛ Zı__Á„\ˆÃ[˝
aêˆÁ[˝XÁ EıTˆ a«V…Ã[˝YÃ[˝Ác˜Tˆ*
LÁTˆ›Ã^ ÂHÁbSÁYy
%Á]Á„VÃ[˝ Ã[˝ÁLX›◊TÊı EıwÔ¯Á„VÃ[˝ G\ˆ›Ã[˝, a…©ø C XÁXÁYUGÁ]› Ã[˝ÁLX›◊TÊı
[˝«◊à˘Ã[˝ Ã[˝cãÓ]Ã^ G◊Tˆ a[[˝ÔVÁ l«˘V–-[˝«◊à˘ aÁW˝ÁÃ[˝S Â_Á„EıÃ[˝ Â[˝ÁW˝G]Ó c˜Ã^ XÁ* 7cÕ
%ÁGrÙ Eı„_L ÂïıÁÃ^ÁÃ[˝ c˜cÕ„Tˆ ◊]◊ªK˜_ [˝Á◊c˜Ã[˝ c˜cÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ EıUÁ _cÕÃ^Á ÂGÁ_ c˜cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜_*
Eı„_L ÂïıÁÃ^Á„Ã[˝Ã[˝ XÁ„] EıwÔ¯ÁÃ[˝Á ATˆ \ˆ›Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜„_X Â^, ÂacÕ ◊VX a\ˆÁY◊Tˆ
a\ˆÁY◊TˆYV TˆÓÁG Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ =VÓTˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜„_X* %GTˆÓÁ ◊]◊ªK˜_ YÁ◊‹ôˆÃ[˝ ]ÁPˆ c˜cÕ„Tˆ
[˝Á◊c˜Ã[˝ c˜cÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ [˝Ó[˝ÿöˆÁ c˜cÕ_* TÛÁ◊Y %◊Tˆ %îaeFÓEı Â_ÁEı TÛÁÃ^ =Y◊ÿöˆTˆ
c˜cÕ„_X, %◊W˝EıÁe` Â_ÁEı Eı„_L ÂïıÁÃ^Á„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ◊]◊ªK˜„_ Â^ÁGVÁX Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ ÂG„_X
%U[˝Á ÿëˆ ÿëˆ ÿöˆÁX c˜cÕ„Tˆ l«˘V– l«˘V– ◊]◊ªK˜_ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á a\ˆÁÿöˆ„_ =Y◊ÿöˆTˆ c˜cÕ„_X*
TˆÁc˜Á„Tˆ 7cÕ %ÁG‰rÙÃ[˝ ◊]◊ªK˜„_Ã[˝ Â`Á\ˆÁ XrÙ c˜Ã^ A[˝e ◊[˝Yl˘GS Â_Á„EıÃ[˝ =daÁc˜
C [˝ÃÊı‰ªRÙO TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ X…ÓXTˆÁÃ[˝ EıUÁ ◊_◊F[˝ÁÃ[˝ %[˝aÃ[˝ YÁX* AcÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ EıwÔ¯ÁÃ[˝Á ÂacÕ
\ˆ›◊Tˆ LÃ^ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X, 30Â` %Á◊`ü„XÃ[˝ ◊[˝p˚ÁY„X Eı„_L ÂïıÁÃ^ÁÃ[˝ c˜cÕ„Tˆ ◊]◊ªK˜_
[˝Á◊c˜Ã[˝ c˜cÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ EıUÁÃ[˝ =‰{F %Á‰ªK˜* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ÂacÕ ◊[˝p˚ÁY„X LÁTˆ›Ã^ ÂHÁbSÁYy
YÁ‰PˆÃ[˝ EıUÁ [˝◊#¤Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜* GTˆ [˝da„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ◊[˝p˚ÁY„X ◊ªK˜_, ""a\ˆÁÃ^ ÿëˆ„V`›
]c˜Á[˝–Tˆ-G–c˜S, ◊[˝„V`›-[˝#¤X, [˝Ü-[˝Ó[˝‰¨K˜„VÃ[˝ Y“◊Tˆ[˝ÁV C LÁTˆ›Ã^ ÂHÁbSÁYy-
YÁPˆ c˜cÕ„[˝*'' A[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÂacÕ EıUÁÃ[˝ Y◊Ã[˝[˝wÔ¯X c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜, ""a\ˆÁÃ^ ◊[˝„V`›-[˝#¤X
Y…[[˝ÔEı ÿëˆ„V`› ]c˜Á[˝–Tˆ G–c˜S C [˝Ü-[˝Ó[˝‰¨K˜„VÃ[˝ Y“◊Tˆ[˝ÁV c˜cÕ„[˝'' Â_FÁ %Á‰ªK˜*
EıwÔ¯ÁÃ[˝Á ""LÁTˆ›Ã^'' EıUÁÃ^, XÁ ""ÂHÁbSÁ'' EıUÁÃ^, XÁ ÂHÁbSÁY‰yÃ[˝ ]∂ˆÇÔÁ„UÔ \ˆ›Tˆ
c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜X, TˆÁc˜Á [˝«MıÁ ^ÁÃ^ XÁ* `“›^«Tˆ %ÁX≥V„]Ác˜X [˝a« ÂZıQˆÁ„Ã[˝`X c˜„_Ã[˝
L◊]„Tˆ Y“U] AcÕ ÂHÁbSÁYy YÁPˆ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜„_X: --- ""Â^„c˜T«ˆ a]G– [˝ÁÜÁ_›
LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ a[[˝ÔLX›X %ÁY◊w¯ %G–Ác˜Ó Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á G[˝SÔ„]∞ªRÙO [˝Ü„V`„Eı ◊•Fâ¯ EıÃ[˝ÁcÕ
◊ÿöˆ Ã[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„_X, %Tˆ A[˝ %Á]Ã[˝Á [˝ÁÜÁ_› LÁ◊Tˆ ÂHÁbSÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ◊ªK˜ Â^, AcÕ ◊[˝\ˆÁG-
X›◊TˆÃ[˝ E«ıZı_ ◊X[˝ÁÃ[˝S Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ A[˝e LÁTˆ›Ã^ AEıTˆÁ aeÃ[˝l˘SEı„î %Á]Ã[˝Á
%Á]Á„VÃ[˝ a]G– `◊N˛ Y“„Ã^ÁG Eı◊Ã[˝[˝* <`üÃ[˝ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ac˜ÁÃ^ c˜=X*''
◊Lp˚ÁaÁ Eı◊Ã[˝, cÕc˜Á„Tˆ A]X ◊Eı \ˆ›bS Ã[˝ÁL‰V–Ácã…ªJÙEı EıUÁ a◊~◊[˝rÙ %Á‰ªK˜
Â^, 30Â` %Á◊`ü„XÃ[˝ \ˆÁ[˝a…ªJÙEı C a]ÿôˆ [˝Ü„V„`Ã[˝ Y“◊Tˆp˚ÁY“EıÁÈı ÂHÁbSÁYy
acãÁ [˝#¤X Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ c˜cÕ_? XÁ ]Ã[˝_› C ◊]‰∞ªRÙOÁÃ[˝ ]Xÿô«ˆ◊rÙÃ[˝ LXÓ AcÕÃ[˝÷„Y
X„[˝Á◊xTˆ LÁTˆ›Ã^ \ˆÁ[˝„Eı F[[˝Ô EıÃ[˝Á %Á[˝`ÓEı c˜cÕ_? %Á]Ã[˝Á [˝Ü\ˆ„ÜÃ[˝ E«ıZı_
◊X[˝ÁÃ[˝S Eı◊Ã[˝[˝, LÁTˆ›Ã^ AEıTˆÁ aeÃ[˝l˘S Eı◊Ã[˝[˝, AcÕ Y◊[˝y EıwÔ¯[˝Ó Eı„∂ˆÇÔ a]G–
`◊N˛ Y“„Ã^ÁG Eı◊Ã[˝[˝, AcÕ EıUÁC ÂHÁbSÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ ^◊V aÁc˜„a XÁ E«ı_ÁÃ^, TˆÁc˜Á
c˜cÕ„_ 7cÕ %ÁG‰rÙÃ[˝ C 30Â` %Á◊`ü„XÃ[˝ %X«úˆÁX [˝µ˘ EıÃ[˝* ATˆªRÙO«E«ı ÂTˆL C
aÁcã ^◊V XÁ UÁ„Eı, TˆÁc˜Á c˜cÕ„_ LÁTˆ›Ã^ LÁGÃ[˝S C =~◊TˆÃ[˝ ÊªJÙrÙÁ ◊[˝Zı_
[˝«◊Mı„Tˆ c˜cÕ„[˝, [˝ UÁ TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ [˝Á◊c˜ÓEı %ÁQÕˆ∂ëˆÃ[˝ EıÃ[˝Á ◊]UÓÁªJÙÁÃ[˝ ]Áy* LXaÁW˝ÁÃ[˝„SÃ[˝
a◊c˜Tˆ YÃ[˝Á]`Ô Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á AcÕ Y◊Ã[˝[˝wÔ¯X EıÃ[˝Á c˜Ã^ XÁcÕ, LXaÁW˝ÁÃ[˝S LÁTˆ›Ã^ ÂHÁbSÁ
[˝ÃÊıªRÙO Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ a∂ˆÇTˆ c˜cÕ„[˝ XÁ* %Á]Ã[˝Á aEı_„Eı [˝◊_, ^◊V AcÕ \«ˆ_ ae„`Á◊W˝Tˆ
XÁ c˜Ã^, 30Â` %Á◊`ü„X ac˜ÿÉÊı„¢ˆ ÂHÁbSÁ YÁ‰PˆÃ[˝ %Á„V` EıÃ[˝, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Y„Ã[˝ ^◊V
ÂXTˆÁGS a∂ˆÇTˆ XÁ c˜X, TˆÁc˜Á c˜cÕ„_ VÁ◊Ã^±ºˆ TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝*
mÃ[˝” ÂGÁ◊[˝≥V◊aec˜
`“›^«N˛ [˝a‹ôÊ«ı]ÁÃ[˝ [˝„≥VÓÁYÁW˝ÓÁÃ^ Y“S›Tˆ mÃ[˝” ÂGÁ◊[˝≥V◊ae„c˜Ã[˝ L›[˝X› a+““◊Tˆ
%Á]Á„VÃ[˝ c˜ÿôˆGTˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜* AcÕ Y«ÿôˆ„Eı mÃ[˝” ÂGÁ◊[˝≥V◊ae„c˜Ã[˝ Ã[˝ÁLX›◊TÊı ÊªJÙrÙÁ
C ªJÙ◊Ã[˝y aÃ[˝_ ac˜L \ˆÁbÁÃ^ %◊Tˆ a«≥VÃ[˝\ˆÁ„[˝ [˝SÔXÁ EıÃ[˝Á c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ◊`F„VÃ[˝
V`] mÃ[˝” ÂEı[˝_ Â^Áà˘Á C Ã[˝ÁLX›◊Tˆ◊[˝VÀ ◊ªK˜„_X XÁ, ◊Tˆ◊X W˝Á◊∂ˆÇÔEı ]c˜ÁY«Ã[˝”b
C \ˆG[˝VÁ◊VrÙ W˝„∂ˆÇÔÁY„VrÙÁ ◊ªK˜„_X, XÁX„EıÃ[˝ aÁ◊√º¯Eı Â[˝VÁ‹ôˆ ◊`l˘Á[˝ß_ W˝∂ˆÇÔ„Eı
X…TˆX %ÁEıÁÃ[˝ ◊VÃ^Á◊ªK˜„_X, %TÂ[˝ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ W˝∂ˆÇÔ]Tˆ C TˆdE ıTˆ ◊`FW˝∂ˆÇÔ C
◊`Fa]Á„LÃ[˝ Y◊Ã[˝[˝wÔ¯X ◊[˝`VÃ[˝÷„Y ◊ªJÙ◊≈yTˆ c˜cÕ„_ AcÕ a«≥VÃ[˝ L›[˝X› %a+…SÔTˆÁ
ÂVÁ„b V…◊bTˆ c˜cÕTˆ XÁ* Â_FEı ae„l˘„Y ◊`FLÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ Y…[[˝Ô[˝ w¯Á‹ôˆ ◊_◊FÃ^Á
ÂGÁ◊[˝≥V◊ae„c˜Ã[˝ ªJÙ◊Ã[˝y C %ÁG]„XÃ[˝ B◊Tˆc˜Á◊aEı [˝›L C EıÁÃ[˝S [˝«◊Mı[˝ÁÃ[˝ a«◊[˝W˝Á
Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X* ÂacÕÃ[˝÷„Y YÃ[˝[˝w¯fi [˝ w¯Á‹ôˆC ae„l˘„Y ◊_◊Y[˝à˘ Eı◊Ã[˝„_ V`] mÃ[˝”Ã[˝
%aÁW˝ÁÃ[˝S EıÁ„^ÔÓÃ[˝ Zı_ÁZı_ C ]c˜Tˆ› ÊªJÙrÙÁÃ[˝ Y◊Ã[˝S◊Tˆ [˝«◊Mı[˝ÁÃ[˝ ◊[˝„`b a«◊[˝W˝Á
c˜cÕTˆ* ◊`F cÕ◊Tˆc˜Á„aÃ[˝ ÂEı≥V–ÿöˆ„_ mÃ[˝” ÂGÁ◊[˝≥V◊aec˜* ◊Tˆ◊X Â^ LÁ◊Tˆ aeGPˆ„X
TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ a]G– Y“◊Tˆ\ˆÁ C `◊N˛ ◊X„Ã^Á◊LTˆ Eı◊Ã[˝„_X, ÂacÕ LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ cÕ◊Tˆc˜ÁacÕ AcÕ
]c˜ÁY«Ã[˝”„bÃ[˝ Y“E ıTˆ L›[˝XªJÙ◊Ã[˝Tˆ* Â^]X ◊ÈıQÕˆ C QˆGÁÃ[˝ %\ˆÁ„[˝ EıÁâ¯ Â`Á\ˆÁ
YÁÃ^ XÁ, ÂTˆ]◊X ◊`F a+“VÁ„Ã^Ã[˝ Y…[[˝Ô C YÃ[˝ [˝ w¯Á„‹ôˆÃ[˝ %\ˆÁ„[˝ ÂGÁ◊[˝≥V◊ae„c˜Ã[˝
L›[˝XªJÙ◊Ã[˝Tˆ %a+…SÔ Â[˝ÁW˝ c˜Ã^* %Á`Á Eı◊Ã[˝ Â_FEı ◊•Tˆ›Ã^ aeïıÃ[˝„S AcÕ %Ü
Â^ÁG ◊V„[˝X A[˝e ◊`F ]c˜ÁY«Ã[˝”„bÃ[˝ W˝∂ˆÇÔ]Tˆ C a]ÁL aeïıÁ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ◊[˝`V [˝SÔXÁ
Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ÿëˆ◊_◊FTˆ Y«ÿôÊı a[[˝ÔÁÜa«≥VÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝X* TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Y«ÿôÊı YÁ‰Pˆ FÁ_aÁ-
aeÿöˆÁYEı ÿëˆ„V`◊c˜ÍTˆb› ]c˜Á[˝›„Ã[˝Ã[˝ =VÁÃ[˝ ªJÙ◊Ã[˝y C %‡«ˆTˆ EıÁ^ÔÓEı_Á„YÃ[˝ ◊V„Eı
]X Y“[˝_\ˆÁ„[˝ %ÁE ırÙ c˜Ã^* ^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á ÂV„`Ã[˝ EıÁ„^ÔÓ %Á„±¡ÁdaGÔ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X [˝Á

Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ cÕ¨K«˜Eı c˜X, AcÕ L›[˝X› TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ `◊N˛[˝ ◊à˘ Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝ C B`ü◊Ã[˝Eı ÊY“Ã[˝SÁ
V ªRÕÙ›\…ˆTˆ Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝*
W˝∂ˆÇÔ, 9] aeFÓÁ, 1_Á EıÁ◊wÔ¯Eı, 1316
LÁTˆ›Ã^ ÂHÁbSÁYy
LÁTˆ›Ã^ ÂHÁbSÁYy YÁPˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜, cÕc˜Á [˝QÕˆ a«„FÃ[˝ ◊[˝bÃ^* cÕc˜ÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó %ÁÃ[˝
ÂEıÁXC EıUÁ XÁ =◊Pˆ„_, [˝ÁV Y“◊Tˆ[˝ÁV [˝Á ]„XÁ]Á◊_„XÓÃ[˝ EıÁÃ[˝S H◊ªRÙO[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÂEıÁXC
%[˝aÃ[˝ ◊V„_X XÁ ÂacÕ LXÓ ÂXTˆÁ◊VG„Eı W˝XÓ[˝ÁV ◊VÃ^Á l˘Á‹ôˆ c˜cÕTˆÁ]* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ
Â[˝Ü_› Y◊≈yEıÁ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ◊]UÓÁ[˝ÁV› [˝_ÁÃ^ %Á]Ã[˝Á AcÕ ◊[˝b„Ã^Ã[˝ Y“E ıTˆ [˝ w¯Á‹ôˆ
a[˝ÔaÁW˝ÁÃ[˝„SÃ[˝ %[˝G◊TˆÃ[˝ LXÓ Y“EıÁ` Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ [˝ÁW˝Ó c˜cÕ_Á]* ac˜„^ÁG› Y“E ıTˆ
EıUÁ mä [Ã ˝Á◊FÃ^Á AcÕ ]Áy [˝◊_Ã^Á‰ªK˜X Â^ "W˝∂ˆÇ'Ô A Y“EıÁ◊`Tˆ EıUÁ a+…SÔ %]…_Eı,
%UÔÁd %Á]Ã[˝Á ◊]UÓÁ C EıîXÁY“a…Tˆ EıUÁ Y“ªJÙÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ]W˝ÓY‹öˆ› ÂXTˆÁ◊V„GÃ[˝
=YÃ[˝ Â_ÁEı„Eı %a‹ô«ˆrÙ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ Y“Ã^Áa Eı◊Ã[˝_Á]* Tˆ„[˝ Y“E ıTˆ HªRÙOXÁ LÁ◊XÃ^Á
◊[˝ªJÙÁÃ[˝ EıÃ[˝”X* %Á]Ã[˝Á Y…„[[˝Ô [˝◊_Ã^Á◊ªK˜ Â^ GTˆ [˝da„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ◊[˝p˚ÁY„X ""LÁTˆ›Ã^
ÂHÁbSÁYy YÁPˆ'' c˜cÕ„[˝ AcÕ EıUÁ ◊ªK˜_* AcÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ ^FX ◊[˝p˚ÁYX a∂ëˆ„µ˘ YÃ[˝Á]`Ô
ªJÙ◊_„Tˆ‰ªK˜, TˆFX AEıLX a§Á‹ôˆ ÂXTˆÁ ""LÁTˆ›Ã^ ÂHÁbSÁYy'' EıÁ◊ªRÙOÃ^Á ◊V„_X
A[˝e AcÕ EıUÁ [˝ÁV ◊VÃ^Á ◊[˝p˚ÁYX [˝Á◊c˜Ã[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ ßE«ı] c˜cÕ_* AcÕ a∂ëˆ„µ˘ Â^
YÃ[˝Á]„`ÔÃ[˝ a]„Ã^ Y“◊Tˆ[˝ÁV A„Eı[˝Á„Ã[˝ c˜Ã^ XÁcÕ, TˆÁc˜ÁC X„c˜, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ÂXTˆÁ„VÃ[˝
EıUÁÃ[˝ ◊[˝Ã[˝”„à˘ a„LÁ„Ã[˝ EıUÁ [˝◊_[˝ÁÃ[˝ EıÁc˜ÁÃ[˝C aÁcã ◊ªK˜_ XÁ* ◊ÿöˆÃ[˝ c˜cÕ_,
`“›^«Tˆ a«„Ã[˝≥V–XÁU [˝„≥VÓÁYÁW˝ÓÁÃ^, A. Ã[˝a«_ C Ã[˝ÁÃ^ ^Tˆ›≥V–XÁU ÊªJÙÏW˝«Ã[˝› ÿëˆÁl˘Ã[˝
Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝X* Ã[˝a«_ aÁ„c˜[˝ LÁTˆ›Ã^ ÂHÁbSÁYy [˝#¤X c˜cÕ_ ÂV◊FÃ^Á ◊[˝◊ÿˆÇTˆ c˜cÕ„_X
A[˝e ◊Tˆ◊X AcÕ \«ˆ_ ae„`ÁW˝X XÁ c˜cÕ„_ ◊[˝p˚ÁY„X ÿëˆÁl˘Ã[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ %a∂ˆÇTˆ, AcÕ
%„UÔ a«„Ã[˝≥V–[˝Á[˝«„Eı =w¯Ã[˝ ◊_◊FÃ^Á YÁPˆÁcÕ„_X* cÕ◊Tˆ]„W˝Ó `“›^«Tˆ Ã[˝a«„_Ã[˝ XÁ]^«N˛
◊[˝p˚ÁYX ªK˜ÁYÁX C ◊[˝◊_C c˜cÕ„Tˆ %ÁÃ[˝êˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ =w¯Ã[˝ Y“Áä
c˜cÕ[˝Á]Áy ªK˜ÁYÁX C ◊[˝◊_ [˝µ˘ c˜cÕÃ^Á `“›^«Tˆ Ã[˝a«„_Ã[˝ XÁ„]Ã[˝ [˝V„_ `“›^«Tˆ ]◊Tˆ_Á_
ÂHÁ„bÃ[˝ XÁ] [˝aÁcÕÃ^Á ÂacÕ ◊[˝p˚ÁYXcÕ ªK˜ÁYÁcÕÃ^Á ◊[˝◊_ EıÃ[˝Á c˜cÕ_* ^Ác˜Á [˝◊_Ã^Á◊ªK˜,
TˆÁc˜Á ÂEı[˝_ Â`ÁXÁ EıUÁ X„c˜, %ÿëˆ›EıÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ EıÁc˜ÁÃ[˝C l˘]TˆÁ XÁcÕ, Y“„TˆÓEı
EıUÁÃ[˝ %EıÁªRÙOÓ Y“]ÁS %Á‰ªK˜* TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ YÃ[˝ `“›^«Tˆ Ã[˝a«_ C `“›^«Tˆ %Ã[˝◊[˝≥V ÂHÁb
LÁTˆ›^Ã ÂHÁbSÁYy [˝#X¤ Eı◊[Ã ˝„Tˆ ÂXTˆÁGS a‰ªJÙrÙ %Á‰ªK˜X [˝◊« Mı^Ã Á ^gÁc˜Á[Ã ˝Á ◊[˝p˚ÁY„X
ÿëˆÁl˘Ã[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜„_X, TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ A[˝e a\ˆÁY◊Tˆ `“›^«Tˆ %Á£„TˆÁb ÊªJÙÏW˝«Ã[˝›Ã[˝ =YÃ[˝
ÂXÁ◊ªRÙO` ◊V„_X Â^ AcÕ a∂ëˆ„µ˘ %Á]Ã[˝Á Y“EıÁ`Ó a\ˆÁÃ^ %ÁY◊w¯ =xÁYX Eı◊Ã[˝[˝
A[˝e LÁTˆ›Ã^ ÂHÁbSÁ YÁPˆ c˜cÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ %Á„V` ^Ác˜Á„Tˆ c˜Ã^, ÂacÕ ÊªJÙrÙÁ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝* =w¯„Ã[˝
`“›^«Tˆ ]◊Tˆ_Á_ ÂHÁb ÂVCHÃ[˝ c˜cÕ„Tˆ AcÕ %„UÔ ÊªRÙO◊_G–Á] Eı◊Ã[˝„_X Â^ ^◊V
G[˝SÔ„]∞ªRÙO ◊X„bW˝ XÁ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á UÁ„EıX* LÁTˆ›Ã^ ÂHÁbSÁYy YÁPˆ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ a«„Ã[˝≥V–[˝Á[˝«
C ^Tˆ›≥V–[˝Á[˝« ÂEıÁXC =w¯[Ã ˝ Eı„[Ã ˝X XÁc˜*O a\ˆÁY◊Tˆ £y‘[˝Á„Ã[˝ Eı◊_EıÁTˆÁ^Ã ÂYgÏ◊ªK˜„_X,
Ã[˝Á◊≈y„Tˆ Yy YÁcÕ„_X, ÂacÕ LXÓ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝C ÂEıÁX =w¯Ã[˝ YÁCÃ^Á ^ÁÃ^ XÁcÕ*
[˝«W˝[˝Á„Ã[˝ Yy Â_FÁ c˜cÕ_, £y‘[˝Á„Ã[˝ `“›^«N˛ G›πY◊Tˆ EıÁ[˝ÓTˆ›UÔ Eı„_L ÂïıÁÃ^Á„Ã[˝
LÁTˆ›Ã^ ÂHÁbSÁ YÁPˆ c˜cÕ„[˝ AcÕ £\ˆ ae[˝ÁV Y“EıÁ`Ó a\ˆÁÃ^ ÂHÁbSÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„_X,
`◊X[˝ÁÃ[˝ aEıÁ„_ Â[˝Ü_› Y◊≈yEıÁÃ^ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ EıUÁ %]…_Eı [˝◊_Ã^Á ÂacÕ £\âe[˝ÁV
YÁPÊı[˝GÔ„EıC LÁXÁcÕ„_X* AcÕ [˝ w¯Á‹ôˆ* a[[˝ÔaÁW˝ÁÃ[˝ScÕ TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ◊[˝ªJÙÁÃ[˝ EıÃ[˝”X*
30Â` %Á◊`üX
30Â` %Á◊`ü„XÃ[˝ a]ÁÃ[˝êˆ ÂV◊FÃ^Á AcÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÂV`[˝Áa›Ã[˝ %ÁX≥V, ◊[˝Y„l˘Ã[˝
]Xf„l˘Á\ˆ c˜cÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ EıUÁ* %Á„≥VÁ_X Â^ ◊X[[˝ÔÁ◊YTˆ c˜Ã^ XÁcÕ, [˝ÁW˝Á ◊[˝H¬, \ˆÃ^
Y“„_Á\ˆX %◊Tˆy‘] Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á Y…SÔ]ÁyÁÃ^ aL›[˝ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜* TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ [˝Á◊c˜ÓEı ◊ªJÙc˜‘ [˝µ˘
EıÃ[˝, _«ä EıÃ[˝, c˜÷V„Ã^ c˜÷V„Ã^ X…TˆX \ˆÁ[˝ LÁG–Tˆ Ã[˝◊c˜Ã^Á‰ªK˜, ÿëˆÃ[˝ÁL_Á„\ˆcÕ ◊X[[˝ÔÁ◊YTˆ
X„c˜, a‹ô«ˆrÙ c˜cÕÃ^Á %XÓ %ÁEıÁÃ[˝ W˝ÁÃ[˝S Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝* ◊[˝LÁTˆ›Ã^ ae[˝ÁVYy Â_Á„EıÃ[˝
=daÁc˜ %ÿëˆ›EıÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ a‰ªJÙrÙ c˜cÕ„[˝cÕ, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ TˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ Â_FÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó ◊X„L„VÃ[˝
=daÁc˜\ˆÜ _◊l˘Tˆ c˜Ã^* ÊrÙªRÙOÀa]ÓÁXÀ %XÓ =YÁÃ^ XÁ ÂV◊FÃ^Á `“›^«Tˆ ÊªJÙÏW˝«Ã[˝›Ã[˝
[˝N ˛TˆÁ c˜cÕ„Tˆ aÁ‹ôˆùXÁÃ[˝a ªJ«Ù◊b„Tˆ ÊªJÙrÙÁ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X, ÂEıX XÁ ÊªJÙÏW˝«Ã[˝› ]c˜Á`Ã^ ªK˜Áy„VÃ[˝
Ã[˝ÁLX›◊Tˆ [˝#¤X Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ [˝◊_Ã^Á‰ªK˜X, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ªK˜ÁyGS Â^ Y…SÔ]ÁyÁÃ^ 30Â` %Á◊`ü„XÃ[˝
a]ÁÃ[˝„êˆ Â^ÁG ◊VÃ^Á‰ªK˜X, ÂacÕ EıUÁ a∂ëˆ„µ˘ X›Ã[˝[˝ ÂEıX? Â_Á„Eı [˝„_ Â^ GTˆ[˝Á„Ã[˝C
a\ˆÁÃ^ ATˆ ◊\ˆQÕˆ c˜Ã^ XÁcÕ, ÂacÕ LXTˆÁÃ[˝ Y“Á„‹ôˆ [˝◊a[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÿöˆÁXC ◊ªK˜_ XÁ, VÒÁQÕˆÁcÕ„Tˆ
c˜cÕ_* YÁ`üÔ[˝w¯fi Ã[˝ÁÿôˆÁÃ^, ÂVCÃ^Á„_, ªK˜Á„TˆC Â_ÁEı ◊ªK˜_* [˝ÁÜÁ_› ]ÁycÕ ÂVÁEıÁX
[˝µ˘ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜„_X, ÂEı[˝_ [˝QÕˆ[˝ÁLÁ„Ã[˝ ]Á‰QÕˆÁÃ^ÁÃ[˝› C ◊c˜≥V«ÿöˆÁX› ÂVÁEıÁXVÁÃ[˝ Â_Á\ˆ
a∂ëˆÃ[˝S Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ XÁcÕ, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ TˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ ÂVÁEıÁ„X ◊Eı◊X[˝ÁÃ[˝ Â_ÁEı %◊Tˆ %îcÕ
ÂV◊F_Á], Y“Á^Ã ÂVÁEıÁX F«◊_Ã^Á [˝◊aÃ^ÁcÕ %Á‰ªK˜* Â_Á„Eı[Ã ˝ =daÁc˜C Eı] ◊ªK˜_ XÁ*
`“›^«Tˆ a«„Ã[˝≥V–XÁU [˝„≥VÓÁYÁW˝ÓÁÃ^ C `“›^«Tˆ %Ã[˝◊[˝≥V ÂHÁb„Eı a\ˆÁ c˜cÕ„Tˆ _cÕÃ^Á
^ÁcÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ a]Ã^ ÂacÕ =daÁ„c˜Ã[˝ Tˆ›[˝–TˆÁ C G\ˆ›Ã[˝TˆÁ Y“EıÁ` YÁcÕ_* Â^ %X[˝Ã[˝Tˆ
LÃ^LÃÊıÁÃ[˝ C [˝„≥V ]ÁTˆ[Ã ˝e W[˝◊X %„XEıl˘S W˝◊[Ã ˝^Ã Á Y ◊U[˝› C %ÁEıÁ` ◊[˝Eı◊+Tˆ
Eı◊Ã[˝_, Âa ÂXTˆÁ„VÃ[˝ Y“ÁYÓ X„c˜, AcÕ V«◊Å¤„X TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á %Á„≥VÁ_„XÃ[˝ ◊ªJÙc˜‘ÿëˆÃ[˝÷Y
Ã[˝◊c˜Ã^Á %G–\ˆÁ„G LÁTˆ›Ã^ W[˝LÁ T«ˆ◊_Ã^Á VÒÁQÕˆÁcÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜X, ÂacÕ LXÓ AcÕ a∂ˆÇÁX*
EıÁ_ ^◊V \ˆ‰G¬ÁdaÁc˜ c˜X [˝Á ÂacÕ W[˝LÁ W˝…_ÁÃ^ _«◊ªRÙO„Tˆ ÂVX, LÃ^LÃÊıÁ„Ã[˝Ã[˝
[˝V„_ ◊W˝hıÁÃ[˝ W[˝◊X =◊Pˆ„[˝, ÂXTˆÁGS Â^X a[[˝ÔVÁ AcÕ EıUÁ ÿˆÇÃ[˝S Eı„Ã[˝X*
G[˝SÔ„]‰∞ªRÙOÃ[˝ ÂGÁF„_ XÁ ÂGÁF„_Ã[˝ G[˝SÔ„]∞ªRÙO?

Y«SÁÃ[˝ EıÁâ¯ C ÂGÁF„_ ]c˜Á`„Ã^Ã[˝ Y◊Ã[˝SÁ] V`Ô„X a]ÿôˆ \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ %[˝ÁEı c˜cÕÃ^Á
Ã[˝◊c˜^Á‰ªK˜* `“›^«Tˆ ÂGÁYÁ_E ıb’ ÂGÁF„_Ã[˝ [˝«◊à˘„Tˆ C ªJÙ◊Ã[˝‰y %Á]Ã[˝Á EıFXC %XÓ
ÂV`[˝Áa›Ã[˝ XÓÁÃ^ ]«Ñ˘ ◊ªK˜_Á] XÁ* TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ÿëˆÁUÔTˆÓÁ„GÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó %Á]Ã[˝Á [˝Ó◊N˛GTˆ
^„`Á◊_¥aÁ a∂ˆÇÁX◊Y“Ã^TˆÁ C <bÔÁ ÂV◊FÃ^Á %a‹ô«ˆrÙ ◊ªK˜_Á], TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ÂV`„a[˝ÁÃ[˝
]„W˝Ó aÁcã A[˝e =¨JÙ %ÁV„`ÔÃ[˝ %\ˆÁ[˝ [˝«◊MıÃ^Á TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Â`b Y◊Ã[˝SÁ] a∂ëˆ„µ˘
◊ªJÙÃ[˝EıÁ_cÕ %Á`◊·¯Tˆ ◊ªK˜_Á]* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ %Á]Ã[˝Á ÿëˆ‰Y¬C \ˆÁ◊[˝ XÁcÕ Â^ ATˆV…Ã[˝ %[˝X◊Tˆ
AcÕ \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ[˝Áa›Ã[˝ a∂ˆÇÁXXÁ C \ˆÁ_[˝ÁaÁÃ[˝ YÁ‰yÃ[˝ \ˆÁ„GÓ H◊ªRÙO„[˝* LÁ◊XTˆÁ], Â^
TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ◊[˝FÓÁTˆ l˘]ÁY“ÁUÔXÁÃ[˝ Y„Ã[˝ ÂGÁF„_ ]c˜Á`Ã^ Ã[˝ÁLY«Ã[˝”b„VÃ[˝ %Tˆ›[˝ ◊Y“Ã^
YÁy ◊ªK˜„_X, ◊Tˆ◊X ^FX [˝Ó[˝ÿöˆÁYEı a\ˆÁÃ^ TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ a◊c˜Tˆ [˝ÁV◊[˝[˝ÁV Eı◊Ã[˝„TˆX,
TˆFXC TgˆÁc˜Á„Eı ÂV◊F„TˆX Â^X %Á_Á„_Ã[˝ H„Ã[˝Ã[˝ V«_Á_, GÁ„Ã^ c˜ÁTˆ [˝«_ÁcÕ„TˆX,
%U[˝Á ◊]rÙ ◊]rÙ GÁ_ ◊V„Tˆ X* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ AEı◊VX Â^ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝cÕ FÁ◊Tˆ„Ã[˝ AEı ◊[˝FÓÁTˆ
aÁäÁ◊c˜Eı Yy ◊XG–c˜ %ÁcÕ„X ◊XG c˜›Tˆ c˜cÕ„[˝, Y«SÁ ac˜Ã[˝ FÁXÁTˆ{Áa›Ã[˝ W˝…]W˝Á„]
[˝Ó◊Tˆ[˝Óÿôˆ c˜cÕ„[˝, AEıLX a§Á‹ôˆ =◊Eı_ Y«◊_a •ÁÃ[˝Á W˝ Tˆ C %◊\ˆ^«N˛ c˜cÕ„[˝X
A[˝e %XÓÁXÓ XGÃ[˝[˝Áa› W˝ Tˆ c˜cÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ \ˆ„Ã^ [˝ÓÁE«ı◊_Tˆ c˜cÕ„[˝X, cÕc˜Á %Á]Á„VÃ[˝
ÿëˆ‰Y¬Ã[˝C %Á„GÁªJÙÃ[˝ ◊ªK˜_* LÁ◊XTˆÁ] ÂGÁF„_ G[˝SÔ„]‰∞ªRÙOÃ[˝, AFX ◊Lp˚ÁaÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ
c˜cÕ_, G[˝SÔ„]∞ªRÙO ◊Eı ÂGÁF„_Ã[˝? ÂGÁYÁ_E ıb’ ÂGÁF„_ ◊Eı [˝ ◊ªRÙO` aÁ∂ÉˆÁ„LÓÃ[˝ ÿôˆêˆ
C \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ›Ã^ `ÁaXTˆ„‹óˆÃ[˝ %Ü c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜? %Á]Ã[˝Á LÁ◊XTˆÁ] Ã[˝ÁLX›◊TÊı c˜TˆÓÁ [˝Á
a`ÿóˆ ◊[˝‰V–Á„c˜Ã[˝ Y“èaÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„_ ÂV`[˝Áa›Ã[˝ ªK˜ÁYÁFÁXÁ G[˝SÔ„]‰∞ªRÙOÃ[˝ a+◊w¯ c˜Ã^,
Â[˝Á]Á [˝Á ◊[˝‰V–Á„c˜Ã[˝ bQÕˆ^„‹óˆÃ[˝ Gµ˘ Y«◊_a Y«Ü[˝„VÃ[˝ Tˆ›[˝– H–Á„S◊≥V–„Ã^ Yßg◊ªK˜„_
ac˜Ã[˝]Ã^ FÁXÁTˆ{Áa›Ã[˝ W˝…]W˝Á] %ÁÃ[˝êˆ c˜Ã^* AEıªRÙO› [˝Ó◊N˛Ã[˝ ]ÁXc˜Á◊X„Tˆ [˝Á TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝
=YÃ[˝ \ˆ^Ã Y“V`Ô„X Â^ Ac˜[ÃO ˝÷Y X[˝^„« GÃ[˝ EıÁâ¯ c˜c˜„O Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝, TˆÁc˜Á %Á]Ã[˝Á LÁ◊XTˆÁ]
XÁ* AcÕ X…TˆX Y“SÁ_› G[˝SÔ„]‰∞ªRÙOÃ[˝ Â^ÁGÓ ◊Eı XÁ, TˆÁc˜Á Ã[˝ÁLY«Ã[˝”bGS ◊[˝„[˝ªJÙXÁ
EıÃ[˝”X* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ÂGÁF„_ ]c˜Á`„Ã^Ã[˝ Y◊Ã[˝SÁ] ÂV◊FÃ^Á %Á]Ã[˝Á V«f◊FTˆ Ã[˝◊c˜_Á]* Eı◊[˝
ÛÁUÔcÕ [˝◊_Ã^Á‰ªK˜X, %Á]Ã[˝Á ]ÁX«b, ◊[˝GTˆ ]c˜„√º¯Ã[˝ ªK˜ÁÃ^ÁÃ[˝ ◊[˝XÁ„`C %Á]Á„VÃ[˝
ªJÙ„l˘ L_ %Á„a* ÂGÁF„_ ]c˜Á`Ã^ ÂEıÁX L„XΩ ]c˜d ◊ªK˜„_X XÁ, Tˆ„[˝ ◊Tˆ◊X
]c˜„TˆÃ[˝ ªK˜ÁÃ^Á [˝‰ªRÙO* TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ aEı_ ]Tˆ, [˝«◊à˘, ◊[˝VÓÁ, ªJÙ◊Ã[˝y TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ◊XLÿëˆ X„c˜,
ÈEı_Áa[˝Áa› Ã[˝ÁSÁ„QˆÃ[˝ VÁX* ÂGÁF„_Ã[˝ ]„W˝Ó ]c˜Á±¡Á Ã[˝ÁSÁ„QˆÃ[˝ ªK˜ÁÃ^Á ◊[˝XrÙ c˜cÕ„Tˆ
ªJÙ◊__ ÂV◊FÃ^Á %Á]Ã[˝Á V«f◊FTˆ*
W˝∂ˆÇÔ, 10] aeFÓÁ, 22A EıÁ◊wÔ¯Eı, 1316
[˝„LªRÙO ^«à˘
◊[˝_Á„Tˆ [˝„LªRÙO _cÕÃ^Á Â^ ]c˜Á^«à˘ _Á◊GÃ^Á‰ªK˜, ÂacÕ ^«à˘ cÕeÃ[˝ÁL Ã[˝ÁLX›◊TˆÃ[˝
aÁ]ÁXÓ [˝EıÁ[˝◊Eı X„c˜* =VÁÃ[˝X›◊TÊı V„_ C Ã[˝l˘S`›_ V„_ Â^ aeHbÔ c˜cÕTˆ
Âa aÁ]ÁXÓ ]Tˆ„\ˆV _cÕÃ^Á c˜cÕTˆ* ◊Ã[˝ZıÃ[˝À] ◊[˝„_Ã[˝ Y„Ã[˝ L◊]VÁÃ[˝[˝GÔ C ]W˝Ó‰`“S›
cÕeÃ[˝Á„LÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó Â^ Tˆ›[˝– ◊[˝„•b C ◊[˝„Ã[˝ÁW˝ Ã[˝ÁS› A◊_LÁ„[˝U C Ã[˝ÁLÁ ªJÙÁ_Ô„aÃ[˝
a]Ã^ c˜cÕ„Tˆ cÕeÃ[˝ÁL Ã[˝ÁLX›◊TˆÃ[˝ cÕ◊Tˆc˜Á„aÃ[˝ Y“„TˆÓEı Y úˆÁÃ^ %◊·¯Tˆ Ã[˝◊c˜Ã^Á‰ªK˜,
TˆÁc˜Á Y“`◊]Tˆ c˜cÕ_* ]W˝Ó‰`“S›Ã[˝ ◊LTˆ c˜cÕ_ ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ÂLTˆÁ ◊[˝◊LTˆ Yl˘„Eı ◊[˝XrÙ
XÁ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á _ç˘ %◊W˝EıÁ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ \ˆÁG ◊V_* TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Y„Ã[˝ H„Ã[˝ÁÃ^Á ◊[˝[˝ÁV ªJÙ◊_„Tˆ‰ªK˜*
AcÕ ◊[˝[˝Á„V ]W˝Ó‰`“S› ◊X∂ªX‰`“S›Ã[˝ aÁc˜Á„^Ó ◊[˝‰V–Ác˜› L◊]VÁÃ[˝[˝GÔ„Eı V]X Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝
%Á`ÁÃ^ %Á‰ÿôˆ %Á‰ÿôˆ cÕeÃ[˝ÁL Ã[˝ÁLX›◊TÊı L›[˝„XÃ[˝ ◊\ˆ◊w¯ Y“`ÿôˆ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝
Zı„_ cÕe_â¯ %ÁLEıÁ_ (Limited Democracy) %a+…SÔ Y“LÁTˆ‹óˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á
=◊PˆÃ^Á‰ªK˜* AFX _„Ã^Qˆ L#¤ C C◊Ã^XÀrÙX ªJÙ◊¨JÙ¤_ AcÕ `Á‹ôˆ Ã[˝ÁLX›◊TÊı L›[˝„X
]c˜Á◊[˝}ÁªRÙO C Ã[˝Ár—Ù◊[˝Y¿„[˝Ã[˝ aêˆÁ[˝XÁ a ◊rÙ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜X* %ÁLEıÁ_ a]«VÁÃ^ Ã^«„Ã[˝Á„Y
ÂaÁ`ÓÁ◊_rÙ V„_Ã[˝ %◊Tˆ`Ã^ [˝ ◊à˘ C Y“\ˆÁ[˝ c˜cÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜* LÁ∂ˆÇÔÁS›„Tˆ, cÕTˆÁ_›„Tˆ,
Â[˝_◊LÃ^„] TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á ]‹óˆSÁa\ˆÁÃ^ Y“[˝_ C [˝ßaeFÓEı* Â&„X ÂLÁÃ[˝L[˝Ã[˝V◊ÿôˆ„Tˆ
TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ Y“ªJÙÁÃ[˝ C V_[˝ ◊à˘ [˝µ˘ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÊªJÙrÙÁ c˜cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜_ [˝◊_Ã^Á [˝Á„aÔ„_ÁXÁÃ[˝

\ˆ›bS VÁÜÁ, ÂZıÃ[˝„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ] T«ˆÓ C a]ÿôˆ YÁ∏JÙÁTˆÓ LG„Tˆ VÁÜÁc˜ÁÜÁ]Á c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜*
cÕe_â¯ C Z–ıÁ≥a AcÕ ÊÿÉˆÁ„TˆÃ[˝ [˝◊c˜\…ˆ¤Tˆ ◊ªK˜_, ÂEıX XÁ ÂacÕ V«cÕ ÂV„` Y“LÁÃ[˝
ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁ C a«„FÃ[˝ EıTÊı [˝Ó[˝ÿöˆÁ EıÃ[˝Á c˜cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜_* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ AcÕ ªJÙÁÃ[˝ YgÁªJÙ [˝da„Ã[˝Ã[˝
]„W˝Ó ÂacÕ V«cÕ ÂV„`C ÂaÁ`ÓÁ◊_rÙ„VÃ[˝ Y“\ˆÁ[˝ C aeFÓÁ[˝ ◊à˘ c˜cÕ„Tˆ ªJÙ◊_Ã^Á‰ªK˜*
_„Ã^Qˆ L„#¤Ã[˝ [˝„L‰ªRÙO c˜PˆÁd ÂaÁ`ÓÁ◊_aÀ]À [˝ ◊ªRÙO` Ã[˝ÁLTˆ„‹óˆÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó Y“„[˝` EıÃ[˝ÁX
c˜c˜^ÃO Á‰ªK˜* AcÕ [˝„L‰ªRÙO L◊]VÁÃ[˝[˝„GÔ[Ã ˝ a+◊w¯[Ã ˝ =YÃ[˝ EıÃ[˝ [˝aÁX c˜c˜^ÃO Á‰ªK˜, TˆÁc˜Á„Tˆ
L◊]VÁ„Ã[˝ C ]W˝Ó‰`“S›„Tˆ Â^ a◊µ˘ ÿöˆÁYX c˜cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜_, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ]«FÓ %Ü ◊[˝XrÙ
c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜* L◊]VÁ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ L◊]VÁÃ[˝›Ã[˝ =YÃ[˝ AEı[˝ÁÃ[˝ EıÃ[˝ [˝aÁcÕ„_ [˝ ◊ªRÙO` Y“LÁ[˝GÔ
%◊Tˆ `›H– ÂacÕ EıÃ[˝ [˝ÁQÕˆÁcÕÃ^Á [˝ÁQÕˆÁcÕÃ^Á Â`„b %î ]…„_Ó ^Tˆ L◊]VÁÃ[˝› ÂV„`Ã[˝
a+◊w¯ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á _cÕ„[˝* L◊]VÁÃ[˝[˝GÔ %ÁÃ[˝ UÁ◊Eı„[˝ XÁ* ÂacÕLXÓ L◊]VÁÃ[˝„VÃ[˝
\ˆ›bS Ây‘ÁW˝ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜ A[˝e L◊]VÁÃ[˝ a\ˆÁ (House of Lords) [˝„LªRÙO Y“TˆÓÁFÓÁX
[˝Á Y◊Ã[˝[˝wÔ¯X Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á CommonsA ◊ZıÃ[˝ÁcÕÃ^Á ◊V„Tˆ E ıTˆ◊X∏JÙÃ^ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜* cÕc˜Á„Tˆ
[˝ ◊ªRÙO` Ã[˝ÁLTˆ„‹óˆÃ[˝ ]…_ ◊XÃ^„]Ã[˝ =YÃ[˝ c˜ÿôˆ„l˘Y EıÃ[˝Á c˜cÕ„[˝* XÁ„] Y“LÁÃ[˝
Y“◊Tˆ◊X◊W˝[˝„GÔ[Ã ˝ a[[˝◊Ô [˝W˝ Y“ÿˆô Á[˝ Y“TˆÓÁFÓÁX [˝Á Y◊Ã[˝[˝w¯Ô X Eı◊Ã[˝[˝Á[Ã ˝ %◊W˝EıÁÃ[˝ L◊]VÁÃ[˝
a\ˆÁÃ[˝ %Á‰ªK˜, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ [˝„LªRÙO ÂEı[˝_ a∂ˆÇÁ„XÃ[˝ LXÓ ÂacÕ a\ˆÁÃ^ YÁPˆÁX c˜Ã^, L◊]VÁÃ[˝
a\ˆÁ EıFX [˝„L‰ªRÙO c˜ÿôˆ„l˘Y Eı„Ã[˝ XÁ* %TÂ[˝ [˝„LªRÙO Y“TˆÓÁFÓÁTˆ c˜cÕ[˝Á]Áy
=VÁÃ[˝X›◊TÊı ]‹óˆ›GS L◊]VÁÃ[˝ a\ˆÁÃ[˝ Eı]≥aE ıTˆ Y“ÿôˆÁ[˝ ◊X„bW˝ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ %◊W˝EıÁÃ[˝
Â_ÁY EıÃ[˝Á c˜=Eı, AcÕ Y“ÿôˆÁ[˝ _cÕÃ^Á cÕeÃ[˝ÁL LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ ◊XEıªRÙO =Y◊ÿöˆTˆ c˜cÕ„[˝X*
=VÁÃ[˝X›◊TÊı V„_Ã[˝ LÃ^ c˜cÕ„_ Y«Ã[˝ÁTˆX Ã[˝ÁLTˆ‹óˆ ◊X„bW˝ %◊W˝EıÁ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ Â_Á„Y _«ä
c˜cÕ„[˝, `›H– a+…SÔ Y“LÁTˆ‹óˆ ÿöˆÁYX, L◊]VÁÃ[˝ a\ˆÁ C L◊]VÁÃ[˝[˝„GÔÃ[˝ ◊[˝XÁ`
A[˝e ÂaÁ`ÓÁ◊_aÀ„]Ã[˝ ◊[˝ÿôˆÁÃ[˝ c˜cÕ„[˝* _„Ã^Qˆ L#¤ C ªJÙ◊¨JÙ¤_ LÁ◊XÃ^Á £◊XÃ^Á AcÕ
Ã[˝Ár—Ù◊[˝Y¿„[˝Ã[˝ ÂYÁbEıTˆÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜X, %ÁïıC◊ÃÛ ]Ã[˝_› cÕTˆÓÁ◊V [˝ à˘ ]W˝ÓY‹öˆ›GS
AcÕ V«cÕL„XÃ[˝ ÂTˆ„L %◊\ˆ\…ˆTˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á A[˝e =¨JÙY„VÃ[˝ Â]Á„c˜ C Ã[˝ÁLX›◊TÊı
aeG–Á„]Ã[˝ ]w¯TˆÁÃ^ %µ˘ c˜cÕÃ^Á TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ ÊªJÙrÙÁÃ^ Â^ÁGVÁX Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜X* %ÁÃ[˝
Conservative England, Ã[˝l˘S`›_ cÕe_„â¯Ã[˝ Ã[˝l˘Á XÁcÕ* a[[˝ÔG–Áa› Eı◊_
cÕeÃ[˝ÁLLÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ LÁTˆ›Ã^ ªJÙ◊Ã[˝y, LÁTˆ›Ã^ W˝∂ˆÇÔ A[˝e ]c˜„√º¯Ã[˝ ◊\ˆ◊w¯ aEı_ ◊G◊_Ã^Á
ÂZı◊_„Tˆ‰ªK˜*
◊Eı c˜cÕ„[˝?
LÁX«Ã^ÁÃ[˝› ]Á„a ◊[˝_Á„Tˆ Â^ Y“◊Tˆ◊X◊W˝ ◊X[[˝ÔÁªJÙX c˜cÕ„[˝, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ \ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝
\ˆÁGÓ %„XEıªRÙOÁ ◊X\ˆ¤Ã[˝ Eı„Ã[˝* %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ Y„l˘ =VÁÃ[˝X›◊TÊı C ÂaÁ`ÓÁ◊_rÙ„VÃ[˝ LÃ^
AEıÁ‹ôˆ [˝Ás˙X›Ã^* ^◊V EıFXC È[˝W˝ Y“◊Tˆ„Ã[˝ÁW˝ •ÁÃ[˝Á cÕeÃ[˝ÁL G[˝SÔ„]∞ªRÙO„Eı
ÿëˆÁÃ^w¯`Áa„XÃ[˝ ◊[˝_ Eı]„≥a =Y◊ÿöˆTˆ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ [˝ÁW˝Ó Eı◊Ã[˝, L◊]VÁÃ[˝ a\ˆÁ Â^]X
%ÁcÕ◊Ã[˝` ÿëˆÁÃ^w¯`Áa„XÃ[˝ ◊[˝_ Y“TˆÓÁFÓÁX Eı◊Ã[˝_, %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ÿëˆÁÃ^w¯`Áa„XÃ[˝ ◊[˝_C
Y“TˆÓÁFÓÁX Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝* %TÂ[˝ L◊]VÁÃ[˝ a\ˆÁ[Ã ˝ ◊X„bW˝ %◊W˝EıÁÃ[˝ XrÙ c˜C^Ã ÁcÕ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝
AEı]Áy EıÁ^ÔÓ◊a◊à˘Ã[˝ =YÁÃ^* \ˆG[˝ÁX ÂacÕ =YÁ„Ã^Ã[˝ =„VÓÁG Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜X*
ÂaÁ`ÓÁ◊_rÙ V„_Ã[˝ Y“Á[˝„_Ó %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ %ÁÃ[˝ ◊[˝„`b ÂEıÁX EıÁ^ÔÓ◊a◊à˘Ã[˝ XÁ c˜=Eı,
◊XG–c˜X›◊Tˆ ◊`◊U_ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ a«◊[˝W˝Á c˜cÕ„TˆC YÁ„Ã[˝, ÂEıX XÁ ÂaÁ`ÓÁ◊_rÙ V_ AFX
%◊W˝EıÁÃ[˝-Ã[˝◊c˜Tˆ C %◊W˝EıÁÃ[˝ _Á„\ˆÃ[˝ Y“Ã^Áa›, ÂacÕLXÓ LG„TˆÃ[˝ %◊W˝EıÁÃ[˝-Ã[˝◊c˜Tˆ
a[[˝Ô a+“VÁÃ^ C LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ a◊c˜Tˆ TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ ac˜ÁX«\…ˆ◊Tˆ %Á‰ªK˜* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ AFX Â^
%[˝ÿöˆÁ, TˆÁc˜Á„Tˆ =VÁÃ[˝X›◊TÊı„VÃ[˝ LÃ^ C ÂaÁ`ÓÁ◊_rÙ„VÃ[˝ Y“Á[˝„_ÓÃ[˝ %Á`Á EıÃ[˝Á
^ÁÃ^ XÁ* [˝„L‰ªRÙO ÿëˆTˆ‹ˆó a+◊w¯[Ã ˝ Y“UÁ ◊[˝XrÙ c˜c˜„O [˝, ÂaÁ`ÓÁ◊_aÀ]À c˜eO _„â¯ aeÿöˆÁ◊YTˆ
c˜cÕ„[˝, EıÁc˜ÁÃ[˝C W˝Xa+◊w¯ %ÁÃ[˝ ◊XÃ[˝ÁYV X„c˜, AcÕ Ã[˝[˝ T«ˆ◊_Ã^Á Ã[˝l˘S`›_ V_
%„XEı =VÁÃ[˝X›◊TÊı \ˆV–„_ÁEı„Eı ÿëˆY„l˘ %ÁEıbÔS Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜X* %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ ªRÙOÁ◊Ã[˝Zı
◊Ã[˝ZıÃ[˝À„]Ã[˝ W˝«Ã^Á =PˆÁcÕÃ^Á %„XEı ◊X∂oˆ‰`“S›Ã[˝ Â_ÁEı„EıC TˆV–÷Y c˜ÿôˆGTˆ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X*
%[˝ÁW˝ [˝Á◊S„LÓ [˝Á◊SLÓ-„l˘‰y cÕe_„â¯Ã[˝ Y“W˝ÁX ÿöˆÁX ◊[˝_«ä c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜, %XÓ LÁ◊Tˆ
TgˆÁc˜Á„Eı c˜ÁÃ[˝ÁcÕÃ^Á ◊V„Tˆ‰ªK˜, ÂacÕLXÓ ◊X∂oˆ‰`“S›Ã[˝ Eı∂ˆÇÔÁ\ˆÁ„[˝ C FÁVÓÁ\ˆÁ„[˝ c˜Ác˜ÁEıÁÃ[˝
%ÁÃ[˝êˆ c˜cÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜, AcÕ ]Tˆ =Î¨JÙfÿëˆ„Ã[˝ Y“ªJÙÁÃ[˝ EıÃ[˝Á c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜* Â^ aEı_ ◊X[[˝ÔÁªJÙX
GTˆ Eı„ÃÊı ]Á„a c˜cÕÃ^Á ◊GÃ^Á‰ªK˜, AcÕ =YÁÃ^ •ÁÃ[˝Á Ã[˝l˘S`›_ V„_Ã[˝ [˝ ◊à˘ EıÃ[˝Á
c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜, =VÁÃ[˝X›◊TÊı Â\ˆÁªRÙO Eı◊]Ã^Á ◊GÃ^Á‰ªK˜, TÛÁ◊Y =VÁÃ[˝X›◊TÊı C ÂaÁ`ÓÁ◊_rÙ
^◊V AEı c˜Ã^, Ã[˝l˘S`›_ V_ YÃ[˝Á◊LTˆ c˜cÕ„[˝* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ AFX ◊[˝YÃ[˝›Tˆ %[˝ÿöˆÁ*
Â^FÁ„X =VÁÃ[˝X›◊TÊı VÒÁQÕˆÁÃ^, ÂacÕFÁ„X ÂaÁ`ÓÁ◊_rÙ VÒÁQÕˆÁX* V«cÕL„XÃ[˝ ae^«N˛
Â\ˆÁªRÙO ^◊VC Ã[˝l˘S`›_ ◊X[[˝ÔÁªJÙX Y“ÁUfiÃ[˝ Â\ˆÁ‰ªRÙOÃ[˝ %◊W˝Eı, TÛÁ◊Y TˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ ◊[˝„Ã[˝Á„W˝
V«[[˝Ô_Y„l˘Ã[˝ ◊LTˆ c˜Ã^* ÂaÁ`ÓÁ◊_rÙGS ◊PÊı YUcÕ W˝◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X, AcÕÃ[˝÷Y %a«◊[˝W˝Á
Â\ˆÁG XÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„_ =VÁÃ[˝X›◊TÊı V_ TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ a◊c˜Tˆ a◊µ˘ÿöˆÁYX Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ [˝ÁW˝Ó c˜cÕ„[˝
ÂEıX? ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ◊]f %ÁïıC◊Ã^„UÃ[˝ ^◊V ◊X[[˝ÔÁªJÙX Y“UÁÃ[˝ Y„l˘ ◊]UÓÁ EıUÁ C YÃ[˝&Ã[˝
◊[˝„Ã[˝ÁW˝› ^«◊N˛ [˝Ó[˝c˜ÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ [˝«◊à˘}e` XÁ c˜cÕÃ^Á UÁ„Eı, ◊X[[˝ÔÁªJÙX›Ã[˝
Y…„[[˝ÔcÕ ◊Tˆ◊X ÂaÁ`ÓÁ◊_rÙ„VÃ[˝ %Á£ Y“◊Tˆ◊X◊W˝ ◊X[[˝ÔÁªJÙ„XÃ[˝ [˝Ó[˝ÿöˆÁ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á %ÁÃ[˝

aEı_ =VÁÃ[˝X›◊TÊı ÿöˆÁX„Eı ◊XÃ[˝ÁYV Eı◊[Ã ˝„[˝X A[˝e Rª ÙÁO ◊Ã[˝Zı ◊Ã[˝Zı[Ã ˝„À ]Ã[˝ W˝^Ã« Á =QÕˆÁc˜[O ˝Á[Ã ˝
LXÓ YÁ_ÔÁ„]∞ªRÙO \ˆ„ÜÃ[˝ Y…„[[˝ÔcÕ ◊X„bW˝ %◊W˝EıÁÃ[˝ Â_Á„YÃ[˝ ◊[˝_ Eı]„≥a =Y◊ÿöˆTˆ
Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝cÕ Y“◊Tˆ◊X◊W˝ ◊X[[˝ÔÁªJÙ„XÃ[˝ a]„Ã^ ◊X\ˆ¤Ã[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝X* TˆÁc˜Á c˜cÕ„_
a]«VÁÃ^ cÕeÃ[˝ÁL ◊X∂oˆ‰`“S›Ã[˝ ◊X[[˝ÔÁªJÙEı ªRÙOÁ◊Ã[˝Zı ◊Ã[˝ZıÃ[˝À„]Ã[˝ Â]Ác˜ \«ˆ◊_Ã^Á =VÁÃ[˝X›◊TÊı
Y„l˘ Â\ˆÁªRÙO ◊V„Tˆ ªK«˜◊ªRÙOÃ^Á %Á◊a„[˝* G¿ÁQˆ‰rÙÁX L›◊[˝Tˆ UÁ◊Eı„_ TˆÁc˜ÁcÕ Eı◊Ã[˝„TˆX,
%ÁïıC◊ÃÛ aÁ„c˜„[˝Ã[˝ ◊XEıªRÙO ÂacÕ ÊªJÙÏEıa [˝«◊à˘ Y“TˆÓÁ`Á EıÃ[˝Á ^ÁÃ^ ◊EıXÁ a„≥Vc˜*
W˝∂ˆÇÔ, 11` aeFÓÁ, 29A EıÁ◊wÔ¯Eı, 1316
◊Ã[˝ZıÃ[˝À]
%ÁL ÂaÁ][˝ÁÃ[˝ 15cÕ X„\ˆ∂ëˆÃ[˝ --- AcÕ ◊V„X ]c˜Á]◊Tˆ _QÔˆ ]Ã[˝_› C _QÔˆ
◊]‰∞ªRÙOÁÃ[˝ G\ˆ›Ã[˝ \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ◊c˜Tˆ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁÃ^ Ã[˝ÁLX›◊TÊı Tˆ›©¬˘[˝«◊à˘ C =VÁÃ[˝ ]„TˆÃ[˝ %Áa◊N˛-
Zı_LÁTˆ `ÁaXaeïıÁÃ[˝Ã[˝÷Y ]ÁX◊aEı G\ˆ¤ Y“a…Tˆ c˜cÕ„[˝* _QÔˆ ]Ã[˝_› W˝XÓ, _QÔˆ
◊]‰∞ªRÙOÁ W˝XÓ, %Á]Ã[˝Á W˝XÓ* %ÁL \ˆÁÃ[˝„Tˆ ÿëˆGÔ XÁ◊]Ã^Á %Á◊a„[˝* %ÁL YÁÃ[˝aÓ,
T«Êıfi, ªJÙ›X, LÁYÁX Y^ÔÓ‹ôˆ \ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝ ◊V„Eı <bÔÁÃ[˝ ªJÙ„l˘ ªJÙÁ◊c˜Ã^Á "cÕe◊_`]ÓÁX'AÃ[˝
a«„Ã[˝ a«Ã[˝ ◊VÃ^Á GÁ◊c˜„[˝ ""W˝XÓ ^Ác˜ÁÃ[˝Á YÃ[˝ÁW˝›X, W˝XÓ W˝XÓ ^Ác˜ÁÃ[˝Á Ã^«„Ã[˝ÁY›Ã^ LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝
YÃ[˝ÁW˝›X, W˝XÓ W˝XÓ W˝XÓ ^Ác˜ÁÃ[˝Á =VÁÃ[˝X›◊TÊı ]Ã[˝_› ◊]‰∞ªRÙOÁÃ[˝ YÃ[˝ÁW˝›X* %Á]Ã[˝ÁC
^◊V \ˆÁ[Ã ˝Tˆ[˝Áa› c˜c˜TO ˆÁ], AcÕ a«„F [˝◊á˚Tˆ c˜c˜TO ˆÁ] XÁ*'' %Á`Á Eı◊[Ã ˝, ^Tˆ \ˆÁ[Ã ˝Tˆ[˝Áa›
X[˝ =XΩÁVXÁÃ^ =XΩw¯ XÁ c˜cÕÃ^Á UÁ„EıX, AcÕ GÁ„XÃ[˝ ÂEıÁÃ[˝Áa Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á %ÁEıÁ`]â¯_
◊[˝W[˝◊XTˆ Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝X*
cÕe◊_`]ÓÁ„XÃ[˝ Ây‘ÁW˝
%Á]Ã[˝Á %„XEı◊VX Y…„[[˝Ô ac˜EıÁÃ[˝› cÕe◊_`]ÓÁ„XÃ[˝ aÃ[˝_TˆÁÃ[˝ Y“èaÁ
Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜_Á]* %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ %ÁL XÁ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á UÁ◊Eı„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝ XÁ* %XÓ %ÓÁe„_ÁcÕ◊â¯Ã^ÁX
ÈV◊XEım◊_ ◊•]«F aYÔ◊[˝„`b, ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁ[Ã ˝ Y“èaÁ Eı„[Ã ˝, A[˝e \ˆÁ[Ã ˝„Tˆ[Ã ˝ YÃ[˝ÁW˝›XTˆÁ[Ã ˝
%Á[˝`ÓEıTˆÁ Y“◊TˆY~ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÊªJÙrÙÁ Eı„Ã[˝* ac˜„^ÁG›Ã[˝ ªJÙl«˘_#Á XÁcÕ, ^Ác˜Á ]„X
%Á„a, TˆÁc˜Á ÂEı[˝_ ]ÁXc˜Á◊XÃ[˝ %ÁcÕX ÊªJÙÁ„FÃ[˝ a∂ˆÇ«„F Ã[˝Á◊FÃ^Á ◊[˝XÁ %Á[˝Ã[˝„S
Â_„FX, %Á[˝_-TˆÁ[˝_ [˝◊Eı„Tˆ c˜c˜„O _ %Á[˝_-TˆÁ[˝_cÕ [˝„EıX, ^«◊N˛, aTˆÓ, ae_G¬TˆÁ[Ã ˝
=YÃ[˝ TˆÁâ¯[˝ X TˆÓ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ [˝QÕˆ \ˆÁ_[˝Á„aX* ◊Tˆ◊X ]«N˛ Y«Ã[˝”b C ae[˝ÁVY‰yÃ[˝
]„W˝Ó XÁGÁ a~ÓÁa›* cÕe◊_`]ÓÁX ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁÃ[˝ EıUÁ £◊XÃ^Á ◊`c˜◊Ã[˝Ã^Á =‰PˆX, Â^]X
\ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ[˝„bÔÃ[˝ ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁÃ[˝ ◊[˝„Ã[˝ÁW˝›, ÂTˆ]◊XcÕ cÕe_„â¯Ã[˝ ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁÃ[˝ ◊[˝„Ã[˝ÁW˝›* AEı
Âÿëˆ¨K˜ÁJª ÙÁ[Ã ˝Tˆ‹ˆó a]ÿôˆ [˝◊ Rª ÙÒ aÁ∂ÉˆÁLÓ %◊W˝EıÁ[Ã ˝ Eı◊[Ã ˝^Ã Á ◊[˝[Ã ˝ÁL Eı◊[Ã ˝„[˝ A[˝e c˜eO ◊_`]ÓÁX
TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ]«FYÁy c˜cÕÃ^Á UÁ◊Eı„[˝, cÕc˜ÁcÕ ac˜„^ÁG›Ã[˝ Ã[˝ÁLX›◊TÊı %ÁV`Ô* ^Ác˜ÁÃ[˝Á
ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁÃ[˝ %X«„]ÁVEı C Y“ªJÙÁÃ[˝Eı, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á [˝W˝Ó [˝Á ◊X[[˝ÔÁaX C ÂL„_Ã[˝ Â^ÁGÓ*
◊]f [˝ÓÁ_Z«ıÃ[˝ %◊W˝EıÁÃ[˝Y“Áä c˜cÕ„_cÕ _«cÕ XÁ„YÁ◊_Ã^„XÃ[˝ XÓÁÃ^ Ã[˝Ár—Ù◊[˝Y¿[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á
◊]f _„Ã^Qˆ L#¤ C C◊Ã^XrÙXÀ ªJÙ◊¨JÙ¤_„Eı ÂL„_ A[˝e ◊]f Eı›Ã[˝ c˜Á◊QÔˆ C ◊\ˆkÙÃ[˝
ÊG–aX„Eı ÂEıÁRª Ù¤O ]Á`ÔÁ„_ YÁPˆÁc˜[O ˝Á[Ã ˝ YÃ[˝Á]`Ô ac˜„^ÁG› ◊X∏JÙ^Ã cÕ YÁ„EıYE“ ıÁ„Ã[˝ ◊V„[˝X*
ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁ %„Yl˘ÁC aÁ]Ó EıUÁ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ %◊Y“Ã^* ac˜„^ÁG› [˝„_X, a]ÿôˆ Ã^«„Ã[˝ÁY
C %Á◊aÃ^ÁFâ¯]Ã^ Â^ aÁ]ÓY“ªJÙÁÃ[˝ C aÁ„]ÓÃ[˝ %ÁEıÁIl˘Á %ÁÃ[˝êˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜, TˆÁc˜Á
Y“ªJÙÁÃ[˝Eı„VÃ[˝ Ã[˝„N˛ ◊X[[˝ÔÁ◊YTˆ XÁ c˜cÕ„_ Y ◊U[˝›Ã[˝ ^Tˆ ◊aec˜ÁaX ªRÙO◊_„[˝ A[˝e
Âc˜^Ã ÁÃ[˝ r—Ù›Rª ÙO _«ä c˜c˜„O [˝* %TÂ[˝ ◊\ˆkÙ[Ã ˝ ÊG–aX, [˝à ˘ ]…FÔ Rª Ù_O ∫ªRÙO ^Ã C ""]Á◊XEıTˆ_ÁÃ[˝''
%Ã[˝◊[˝≥V ÂHÁb„Eı --- ◊Eı %Y…[[˝Ô a]Á„[˝`! --- cÕe◊_`]ÓÁX ◊PÊı ÂZıÃ[˝Á„Ã[˝Ã[˝ XÓÁÃ^
◊[˝XÁ ◊[˝Jª ÙÁ„Ã[˝ m◊_ Eı◊[Ã ˝„Tˆ [˝„_X XÁ, Tˆ„[˝ Âac˜[ÃO ˝÷Y ÂEıÁX [˝Ó[˝ÿˆö Á XÁ Eı◊[Ã ˝„_ %ÁÃ[˝
ÂEıc˜ ◊XÃ[˝ÁYV UÁ◊Eı„[˝ XÁ* ATˆ aÃ[˝_TˆÁ[Ã ˝ ]„W˝Ó AcÕ %aÃ[˝_TˆÁ ÂEıX? c˜eO ◊_`]ÓÁ„XÃ[˝
\ˆÃ^ ◊Eı? ◊c˜≥V«Y„á˚Ã[˝ EıYÁ„_ ^Ác˜Á Â_FÁ ◊ªK˜_, cÕe◊_`]ÓÁX c˜ÁLÁÃ[˝ c˜TˆÓÁ [˝Á
[˝_Y“„^Ã Á„GÃ[˝ YÃ[˝Á]`Ô ◊V„_C TˆÁc˜Á[Ã ˝ \ˆÁ„GÓ c˜cO ˜Á H◊ªRÙ„O [˝ XÁ* Y“LÁ„Eı c˜TˆÓÁ Eı◊[Ã ˝[˝Á[Ã ˝
Y“[˝ ◊w¯ [˝µ˘ EıÃ[˝Á %ÁcÕ„XÃ[˝ =„Å`Ó, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ Ã[˝ÁLÁÃ[˝ ]„X c˜TˆÓÁÃ[˝ Y“[˝ ◊w¯ LÁGÁcÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝
ÊªJÙrÙÁÃ^ ÂEıÁX `Á◊ÿôˆ XÁcÕ*
ÂVCH„Ã[˝ L›[˝‹ôˆ a]Á◊W˝
ae[˝ÁVY‰y Y“EıÁ` Â^, AEıLX ◊c˜≥V« aÁW˝« c˜◊Ã[˝VÁa a~ÓÁa›„Eı %◊Tˆy‘]
Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á a]Á◊W˝-◊X]G¬ XÁ c˜cÕÃ^ÁC L›[˝‹ôˆ Eı[˝„Ã[˝ Eı„ÃÊı◊VX Ã[˝◊c˜Ã^Á◊ªK˜„_X* %Á]Á„VÃ[˝
ÂV„` Y«[Ã ˝ÁTˆX ◊[˝VÓÁ aEı_ _«ä c˜c˜^ÃO Á‰ªK˜ [˝◊_Ã^Á %Á]Ã[˝Á Ac˜[ÃO ˝÷Y Y“„^Ã Á„G %Á∏JÙ^ÓÔ Á◊XüTˆ
c˜cÕ* Y…[[˝ÔY«Ã[˝”b„VÃ[˝ EıUÁ %Á]Ã[˝Á E«ıaeïıÁÃ[˝ [˝◊_Ã^Á =QÕˆÁcÕÃ^Á ÂVcÕ* %UªJÙ Â^
◊[˝VÓÁÃ[˝ \ˆG¬Áe` ]Áy %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ Y“ÁªJÙ›X aÁ◊c˜„TˆÓ, W˝„∂ˆÇÔ, `Á‰ÿóˆ, ◊`l˘ÁÃ^ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝
c˜ÿôˆGTˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ T«ˆ_XÁÃ^ %ÁW˝«◊XEı YÁ∏JÙÁTˆÓ ◊[˝p˚Á„XÃ[˝ a]ÿôˆ ◊[˝VÓÁ X[˝LÁTˆ
◊`£Ã[˝ %UÔc˜›X Y“_ÁY ]Áy* Â^]X ◊`£ ^Tˆ YVÁUÔ a∂ˆÇ«„F ÂV„F, TˆÁc˜Á c˜Á„Tˆ
T«ˆ◊_Ã^Á c˜ÁTˆ [˝«_ÁcÕÃ^Á \ˆÁ◊ÜÃ^Á-ªJ«Ù◊Ã[˝Ã^Á [˝Ác˜ÓLG„TˆÃ[˝ EıTÊı p˚ÁX aá˚Ã^ Eı„Ã[˝, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ
LGd ◊Eı, YVÁ„UÔÃ[˝ %Áa_ ÿëˆÃ[˝÷Y C a∂ëˆµ˘ ◊Eı, TˆÁc˜Á ◊EıªK«˜cÕ LÁ„X XÁ, ÂacÕÃ[˝÷„Y
YÁ∏JÙÁTˆÓ ◊[˝p˚ÁX Y“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝ ÿöˆ…_ YVÁUÔ aEı_ c˜Á„Tˆ T«ˆ◊_Ã^Á c˜ÁTˆ [˝«_ÁcÕÃ^Á, \ˆÁ◊ÜÃ^Á-
ªJ«Ù◊Ã[˝Ã^Á EıTÊı p˚ÁXaá˚Ã^˝ Eı„Ã[˝* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ LGd ◊Eı, YVÁ„UÔÃ[˝ %Áa_ ÿëˆÃ[˝÷Y ◊Eı, ÿöˆ…_
a…„©øÃ[˝ a∂ëˆµ˘ ◊Eı, TˆÁc˜Á ◊EıªK«˜cÕ LÁ„X XÁ A[˝e AcÕ ◊[˝VÓÁÃ[˝ %\ˆÁ„[ YVÁ„UÔÃ[˝ Y“E ıTˆ
ÿëˆ\ˆÁ[˝ %[˝GTˆ c˜cÕ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ XÁ* ]X«bÓ a∂ëˆ„µ˘ `[˝‰¨K˜V Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ÂÃ[˝Á„GÃ[˝ _l˘S
C %[˝Á‹ôˆÃ[˝ EıÁÃ[˝S ◊XÃ[˝›l˘S Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ^TˆªRÙO«E«ı p˚ÁX aá˚Ã^ c˜Ã^, TˆTˆªRÙO«E«ı p˚ÁX YÁ∏JÙÁTˆÓ
◊[˝VÓÁÃ^ YÁCÃ^Á ^ÁÃ^* AcÕ p˚ÁX %„XEı ◊[˝b„Ã^ }Á‹ôˆ* È[˝p˚Á◊XEı [˝„_X, %ÁEıbSÔ `◊N˛
LG„TˆÃ[˝ a[[˝Ô[˝ÓÁY› C %_IHÓ ◊XÃ^], ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ]X«bÓ Y“ÁSÁÃ^Á] •ÁÃ[˝Á %ÁEıbÔS`◊N˛
LÃ^ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ A[˝e ÿöˆ…_ LG„TˆÃ[˝ [˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝ ÂacÕ ◊XÃ^„]Ã[˝ ÂEıÁX ÂLÁÃ[˝ XÁcÕ*
È[˝p˚Á◊XEı [˝„_X, c˜÷d◊Y„â¯Ã[˝ &≥VX C `üÁa◊Xf`üÁa Ã[˝”à˘ c˜cÕ„_ Y“ÁS `Ã[˝›„Ã[˝
UÁ◊Eı„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ XÁ* ◊Eı‹ˆ«ô Y“]Á◊STˆ c˜c˜^ÃO Á‰ªK˜ Â^, c˜÷d◊Y„â¯[Ã ˝ &≥VX C `üÁa◊Xf`üÁ„aÃ[˝
◊y‘Ã^Á %„XEıl˘S C %„XEı◊VX Y^ÔÓ‹ôˆ Ã[˝”à˘ c˜cÕ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ %UªJÙ ÂacÕ Ã[˝”à˘◊Xf`üÁa
[˝Ó◊N˛ Y…[[˝Ô[˝d X◊QÕˆ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ C EıUÁ [˝◊_„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝, [˝gÁªJÙÁ Tˆ V…„Ã[˝Ã[˝ EıUÁ* cÕc˜Á„Tˆ
[˝«MıÁ ^ÁÃ^ Â^, YÁ∏JÙÁTˆÓ ◊[˝VÓÁ ÿëˆ„l˘‰y C ÿöˆ…_ YVÁUÔp˚Á„XC EıTˆ aeEı›SÔ C _H«*
%Áa_ ◊[˝p˚ÁX %Á]Á„VÃ[˝cÕ ◊ªK˜_* ÂacÕ p˚ÁX ÿöˆ…_ Y“„Ã^ÁG •ÁÃ[˝Á _ç˘ XÁ c˜cÕÃ^Á a…©ø
Y“„Ã^ÁG •ÁÃ[˝Á _ç˘ c˜cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜_* %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ Y…[[˝ÔY«Ã[˝”b„VÃ[˝ p˚ÁX _«äY“ÁÃ^ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜
[˝‰ªRÙO, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ Â^ =YÁÃ^ •ÁÃ[˝Á _«ä c˜cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜_, ÂacÕ =YÁÃ^ •ÁÃ[˝Á Y«X_Ôç˘C c˜cÕ„Tˆ
YÁ„Ã[˝* ÂacÕ =YÁÃ^ Â^ÁG*
^«N˛ ]c˜Áa\ˆÁ
ac˜„^ÁG› Â[˝Ü_› ^«N˛ ]c˜Áa\ˆÁÃ[˝ a∂ëˆ„µ˘ Â^ Y“[˝µ˘ Y“EıÁ` Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X, TˆÁc˜Á
Y“EıÁ` XÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„_cÕ \ˆÁ_ c˜cÕTˆ* ac˜„^ÁG› Â^ a„wÔ¯ LÁTˆ›Ã^Yl˘„Eı %Á‚º˜ÁX
Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜X, ÂacÕm◊_ ]W˝ÓY‹öˆ›„VÃ[˝ %X«E…ı_* GTˆ [˝„bÔ LÁTˆ›Ã^Yl˘ EıX„\ˆ≥a„X
Y“„[˝` Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ a«◊[˝W˝Á Y“ÁUÔXÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ◊ªK˜„_X, A[˝e Eı◊_EıÁTˆÁ %◊W˝„[˝`„X ªJÙÁ◊Ã[˝◊ªRÙO
Y“ÿôˆÁ[˝ G c˜›Tˆ c˜cÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ %Á`Á ÂV◊FÃ^Á ]W˝ÓY‹öˆ›„VÃ[˝ ]„XÁX›Tˆ a„wÔ¯ a∂ˆÇTˆ c˜cÕ„_X*
AcÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á TˆTˆ ac˜„L a∂ˆÇTˆ c˜cÕ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝X XÁ* cÕ◊Tˆ]„W˝Ó Ã[˝ÁLX›◊TÊı
Âl˘‰y %„XEı Y◊Ã[˝[˝wÔ¯X c˜cÕÃ^Á ◊GÃ^Á‰ªK˜, Y◊∏JÙ] \ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝ ]W˝ÓY‹öˆ›G„SÃ[˝ ]„XÃ[˝

\ˆÁ[˝ Y◊Ã[˝ÿˆè«ıªRÙO c˜cÕÃ^Á %Á◊aÃ^Á‰ªK˜, LÁTˆ›Ã^Yl˘ %ÁÃ[˝ ÂGÁF„_ Â]c˜TˆÁÃ[˝ %W˝›X c˜cÕÃ^Á
]c˜Áa\ˆÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ Ã[˝ÁL› c˜cÕ„[˝X XÁ* TÛÁ◊Y AFXC ◊[˝„[˝ªJÙXÁ c˜cÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜, %î◊V„XÃ[˝
]„W˝Ó ÂEıÁX ◊ÿöˆÃ[˝ ◊aà˘Á‹ôˆ c˜cÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ EıUÁ, AFX AcÕÃ[˝÷Y ]Tˆ Y“EıÁ„` [˝ÁV◊[˝[˝ÁV
c˜CÃ^ÁÃ^ ◊]ªRÙO]Á‰ªRÙOÃ[˝ ◊[˝H¬ c˜cÕ„[˝ ]Áy*
W˝∂ˆÇÔ, 12` aeFÓÁ, 6cÕ %G–c˜ÁÃ^S, 1316
◊c˜≥V« a+“VÁÃ^ C `ÁaX aeïıÁÃ[˝

%Á]Ã[˝Á ^FX ◊c˜≥V« a\ˆÁÃ[˝ EıUÁ ◊_◊FÃ^Á◊ªK˜_Á], TˆFX AcÕ %„UÔ ]TˆY“EıÁ`
Eı◊Ã[˝^Ã Á◊ªK˜_Á] Â^, ^◊VC G[˝S„Ô ]‰∞ªRÙ[ÃO ˝ Y“aÁVÁ„Xüb› C ÿëˆTˆ‹ˆó TˆÁ %X«„]ÁVEı ]«a_]ÁX
a+“VÁ„Ã^Ã[˝ =YÃ[˝ ◊[˝Ã[˝N˛ c˜cÕÃ^Á ÿëˆTˆ‹óˆ Ã[˝ÁLX›◊TÊı ÊªJÙrÙÁ EıÃ[˝Á ◊c˜≥V«„VÃ[˝ Y„l˘
ÿëˆÁ\ˆÁ◊[˝Eı, TÛÁ◊Y ÂacÕÃ[˝÷Y ÊªJÙrÙÁÃ^ ÂV„`Ã[˝ %◊XrÙ ◊\ˆ~ ◊c˜Tˆ aÁ◊W˝Tˆ c˜CÃ^Á aêˆ[˝
X„c˜* AFXC %Á]Ã[˝Á ÂacÕ ]Tˆ Y◊Ã[˝[˝wÔ¯X Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÂEıÁX EıÁÃ[˝S %[˝GTˆ X◊c˜*
`ÁaX aeïıÁ„Ã[˝ [˝Á X…TˆX [˝Ó[˝ÿöˆÁYEı a\ˆÁÃ^ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ÂEıÁXC EıÁ„_ %ÁÿöˆÁ ◊ªK˜_
XÁ, ◊c˜≥V«-]«a_]ÁX„Eı ◊[˝XÁ Yl˘YÁ„Tˆ ÂacÕ a\ˆÁÃ^ a]ÁX Y“„[˝`Á◊W˝EıÁÃ[˝ ◊V„_C
%Á]Ã[˝Á ÂacÕ E ı◊≈y] a\ˆÁÃ[˝ %X«„]ÁVX Eı◊Ã[˝TˆÁ] XÁ* %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ \ˆ◊[˝bÓd %Á]Á„VÃ[˝cÕ
c˜Á„Tˆ, AcÕ aTˆÓ ^FX a+…SÔ\ˆÁ„[˝ A[˝e V ªRÕÙ c˜÷V„Ã^ G–c˜S Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ `◊N˛_Á\ˆ
Eı◊Ã[˝[˝, TˆFX %◊Tˆ `›H–cÕ Y“E ıTˆ Y“LÁTˆ‹óˆ ◊[˝EıÁ„`Ã[˝ %X«E…ı_ [˝Ó[˝ÿöˆÁYEı a\ˆÁÃ[˝
a ◊rÙ c˜cÕ„[˝* %TÂ[˝ AcÕ E ı◊≈y] ÿëˆSÔ\…ˆ◊bTˆ y‘›QÕˆÁÃ[˝ Y«T«ˆ_ _cÕÃ^Á \ˆÁcÕ„Ã^ \ˆÁcÕ„Ã^
Eı_c˜ EıÃ[˝Á %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ]„Tˆ [˝Á_„EıÁ◊ªJÙTˆ ]…FÔTˆÁ ]Áy* TÛÁ◊Y cÕc˜Á ÿëˆ›EıÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝
Â^, AcÕ X…TˆX aeïıÁ„Ã[˝ ◊c˜≥V« a+“VÁ„Ã^Ã[˝ %Y]ÁX C [˝◊c˜õıÁ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ÊªJÙrÙÁÃ^ ◊c˜≥V«
a+“VÁÃ^ %a‹ô«ˆrÙ C ◊[˝Ã[˝N˛ c˜cÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ ^„UrÙ EıÁÃ[˝S %Á‰ªK˜* ]«a_]ÁX„VÃ[˝ a[[˝Ôy
ÿëˆTˆ‹óˆ Y“◊Tˆ◊X◊W˝ ÂVCÃ^Á c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜, Â^ Y“„V„` TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ aeFÓÁ Eı] Âa Y“„V„`
%îaeFÓEı [˝◊_Ã^Á ÿëˆTˆ‹óˆ ◊X[[˝ÔÁªJÙEı[˝„GÔÃ[˝ ◊X[[˝ÔÁ◊ªJÙTˆ ÿëˆTˆ‹óˆ Y“◊Tˆ◊X◊W˝ ÂVCÃ^Á
c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜, A[˝e Â^ Y“„V„` TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ aeFÓÁ %◊W˝Eı, Âa Y“„V„` [˝ßaeFÓEı [˝◊_Ã^Á
ÿëˆTˆ‹ˆó ◊X[[˝ÁÔ Jª ÙEı[˝„GÔ[Ã ˝ ◊X[[˝ÁÔ ◊ªJÙTˆ ÿëˆTˆ‹ˆó Y“◊Tˆ◊X◊W˝ ÂVCÃ^Á c˜c˜^ÃO Á‰ªK˜* ◊c˜≥V«„VÃ[˝ ÂEıÁUÁC
AcÕ a«◊[˝W˝Á ÂVCÃ^Á c˜Ã^ XÁcÕ* Â^ÿöˆÁ„X TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á %◊W˝EıaeFÓEı, ÂaÿöˆÁ„X ÂVCÃ^Á
^ÁÃ^ XÁ, ◊V„_ a\ˆÁÃ^ TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ Y“Á[˝_Ó c˜cÕ„[˝* Â^ÿöˆÁ„X TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á %îaeFÓEı,
ÂacÕÿöˆÁ„X ÂVCÃ^Á c˜Ã^ XÁcÕ, ◊V„_ a\ˆÁÃ^ ]«a_]ÁX„VÃ[˝ a+…SÔ Y“Á[˝_Ó F[[˝Ô c˜cÕ„[˝*
]«a_]ÁX ◊X[[˝ÔÁªJÙEı[˝GÔ Â^ ◊XÃ^]ÁX«aÁ„Ã[˝ G◊PˆTˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜, TˆÁc˜Á„Tˆ ◊X◊Å¤rÙ Tˆ√º¯ [˝Á
=VÁÃ[˝ ]Tˆ _◊l˘Tˆ c˜Ã^ XÁ, %„XEı ◊`◊l˘Tˆ a§Á‹ôˆ ]«a_]ÁX [˝ÁV Y◊QÕˆÃ^Á ÂG„_X,
%„XEı %◊`◊l˘Tˆ G[˝SÔ„]‰∞ªRÙOÃ[˝ F„Ã^Ã[˝ FgÁ ◊X[[˝ÔÁªJÙEı[˝„GÔÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó Y“◊[˝rÙ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜,
TÛÁ◊Y ÂacÕ X…TˆX a ◊rÙ„Tˆ Y“LÁTˆ„‹óˆÃ[˝ %&rÙ V…Ã[˝[˝w¯fi ªK˜ÁÃ^ÁÃ[˝ ªK˜ÁÃ^Á Y◊QÕˆÃ^Á‰ªK˜,
◊c˜≥V«„VÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ ÂacÕ AEı Ã[˝◊Tˆ Y◊Ã[˝]Á„SC %X«G–c˜ c˜Ã^ XÁcÕ* AcÕÃ[˝÷„Y \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ[˝„bÔÃ[˝
Y“W˝ÁX a+“VÁÃ^„Eı %Y]Á◊XTˆ C %a‹ô«ˆrÙ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á Ã[˝ÁFÁÃ[˝ ÂEıÏ`_ ÂEıÁXÀ LG◊•FÓÁTˆ
Ã[˝ÁLX›◊Tˆ◊[˝„VÃ[˝ EıîXÁÃ^ Y“U] =VÃ^ c˜cÕ_, TˆÁc˜Á LÁ◊X[˝ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ ]„X ÂEıÏT…ˆc˜_
c˜cÕ_* [˝EÔı C \ˆ∑ªRÙO„Ã[˝Ã[˝ \ˆN˛LX ]Ã[˝_› XÁ EıÁXÁQˆÁ-`ÁaEı _QÔˆ ◊]‰∞ªRÙOÁÃ[˝? XÁ
ÂEıÁX mä Ã[˝‰±ÛˆÃ[˝?
]«a_]ÁX„VÃ[˝ %a„‹ôˆÁb
`ÁaX aeïıÁ„Ã[˝ V«cÕLX ]«a_]ÁX %a‹ô«ˆrÙ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜X, cÕe_â¯[˝Áa› %Á]›Ã[˝
%Á_› aÁ„c˜[˝ A[˝e Eı◊_EıÁTˆÁÃ[˝ QˆÁN˛ÁÃ[˝ a«c˜Ã[˝ÁCÃ^Á◊Å¤, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ %a„‹ôˆÁ„bÃ[˝
EıÁÃ[˝S AEı W˝Ã[˝„SÃ[˝ X„c˜* %Á]›Ã[˝ %Á_› Ã[˝”rÙ, ÂEıXXÁ AcÕ `ÁaX aeïıÁ„Ã[˝
]«a_]ÁX„VÃ[˝ ^Ác˜Á ÂVCÃ^Á c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜, TˆÁc˜Á %TˆÓî, LL aÁ„c˜„[˝Ã[˝ ◊[˝`üG–Áa›
Â_Á\ˆ TˆÁc˜Á„Tˆ T ˆä c˜Ã^ XÁ* Y…„[[˝ÔC [˝«◊MıÃ^Á◊ªK˜_Á] Â^ aÁÃ[˝Á„aX LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ cÕ◊Tˆc˜Áa
◊_◊F[˝ÁÃ[˝ Zı„_ %Á]›Ã[˝ %Á_› aÁ„c˜„[˝Ã[˝ ]„X %◊Tˆ =¨JÙ C Y“èaX›Ã^ ]c˜√º¯„_Á\ˆ
L◊XΩÃ^Á‰ªK˜, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ]„X ]W˝Ó^«„GÃ[˝ ]«a_]ÁX aÁÿÉˆÁ„LÓÃ[˝ Y«XÃ[˝Á◊[˝\ˆ¤Á„[˝Ã[˝ ÿëˆY¬
H«◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜* ◊[˝V–÷Y Eı◊Ã[˝_Á], ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ cÕc˜Á ◊[˝V–÷Y Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ EıUÁ X„c˜* ]c˜d ]X,
]c˜Tˆ› %ÁEıÁIl˘Á, ◊[˝`Á_ %ÁV`Ô [Ã ˝ÁLX›◊TÊı Âl˘‰y %◊Tˆ`^Ã =YEıÁ[Ã ˝› C Y“èaX›Ã^,
TˆÁc˜Á„Tˆ `◊N˛ c˜Ã^, =VÁÃ[˝ l˘◊≈yÃ^\ˆÁ[˝ c˜Ã^, L›[˝„XÃ[˝ Tˆ›[˝– &≥VX c˜Ã^, Â^ %îÁ`›,
Âa L›[˝XΩ Tˆ* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ◊[˝V–÷„YÃ[˝ EıUÁ, c˜ÁaÓEıÃ[˝ ÿëˆY¬ AcÕ Â^, [˝ ◊ªRÙO` Eı∂ˆÇÔªJÙÁÃ[˝›[˝„GÔÃ[˝
%W˝›„X ]«a_]ÁX„VÃ[˝ _«ä ]c˜√º¯ =à˘ÁÃ[˝ c˜cÕ„[˝* %Á]›Ã[˝ %Á_› ◊Eı ]„X Eı„Ã[˝X
Â^ cÕeÃ[˝ÁL ]«a_]ÁX„Eı \ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝ ""ÂVCÃ^ÁX'' Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ ]ÁX„a AcÕ Yl˘YÁTˆ
Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜X? QˆÁN˛ÁÃ[˝ a«c˜Ã[˝ÁCÃ^Á◊Å¤Ã[˝ %a„‹ôˆÁ„bÃ[˝ EıÁÃ[˝S %„Yl˘ÁE ıTˆ l«˘V–* TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝
XÁ◊_` AcÕ Â^, ◊[˝_ÁTˆ„ZıÃ[˝d %„XEı ◊`◊l˘Tˆ ]«a_]ÁX„Eı ◊X[[˝ÔÁªJÙX-%◊W˝EıÁ„Ã[˝
[˝◊á˚Tˆ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ^Tˆ G[˝SÔ„]‰∞ªRÙOÃ[˝ F„Ã^Ã[˝ FgÁ %◊`◊l˘Tˆ CÿôˆÁGÃ[˝ VZıTˆÃ[˝› ◊[˝[˝Á„c˜Ã[˝
ÂÃ[˝◊Lr—ÙÁÃ[˝ FgÁ [˝Ác˜ÁV«Ã[˝ FgÁ aÁ„c˜[˝„Eı ◊X[[˝ÔÁªJÙEı EıÃ[˝Á c˜cÕ_* ◊Tˆ◊X ◊Eı cÕc˜ÁC [˝«◊Mı„Tˆ
YÁ„Ã[˝X XÁ Â^ ◊[˝_Á„Tˆ, ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁ-◊[˝b %Á‰ªK˜, ^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á ◊[˝_ÁTˆ„ZıÃ[˝d, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á c˜Ã^Tˆ
ÂacÕ ◊[˝„b %îÁ◊W˝Eı Y◊Ã[˝]Á„S ◊[˝b]Ã^ c˜c˜^ÃO Á %Á◊aÃ^Á‰ªK˜X, Âac˜[ÃO ˝÷Y Â_ÁEı [˝Ó[˝ÿˆö ÁYEı
a\ˆÁÃ^ Y“„[˝` Eı◊Ã[˝„_ ]c˜Á◊[˝}ÁªRÙO H◊ªRÙO[˝ÁÃ[˝ aêˆÁ[˝XÁ %Á‰ªK˜* %ÁÃ[˝ AcÕÃ[˝÷Y aeïıÁ„Ã[˝
◊`◊l˘Tˆ Â_ÁEı =Y^«N˛ ◊X[[˝ÔÁªJÙEı, XÁ F„Ã^Ã[˝ FgÁ CÿôˆÁGÃ[˝ VZıTˆÃ[˝› FÁX aÁ„c˜[˝
FgÁ [˝Ác˜ÁV…Ã[˝ ◊[˝[˝Á„c˜Ã[˝ ÂÃ[˝◊Lr—ÙÁÃ[˝ =Y^«N˛ ◊X[[˝ÔÁªJÙEı? AcÕ Y“‰`¬Ã[˝ =w¯Ã[˝ QˆÁN˛ÁÃ[˝
aÁ„c˜[˝ ◊[˝„[˝ªJÙXÁ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ◊V=X, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ %a„‹ôˆÁb %p˚ÁXaê…ˆTˆ [˝◊_Ã^Á ÿëˆ›EıÁÃ[˝
Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ [˝ÁW˝Ó c˜cÕ„[˝X*
]…_ C ÂGÏS
%Á]Á„VÃ[˝ Ã[˝ÁLX›◊TÊı ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁÃ[˝ Y“W˝ÁX ÂVÁb C Ã[˝ÁLX›◊TÊı Eı„∂ˆÇÔ ÂVÏ[[˝Ô„_ÓÃ[˝
EıÁÃ[˝S AcÕ Â^ %Á]Ã[˝Á ]…_ C ÂGÏ„SÃ[˝ Y“„\ˆV [˝«◊Mı„Tˆ %l˘]* ^Ác˜Á ]…_, TˆÁc˜ÁcÕ
W˝◊Ã[˝„Tˆ c˜Ã^, ^Ác˜Á ÂGÏS, TˆÁc˜Á ]…„_Ã[˝ %X«E…ı_ ^◊V c˜Ã^ ]…_„Eı [˝LÁÃ^ Ã[˝Á◊FÃ^Á
G–c˜S Eı◊Ã[˝[˝, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ÂGÏS„Eı G–c˜S Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ ÂG„_ ^◊V ]…_„Eı YÁcÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ Y„U ◊[˝H¬
[˝Á ◊[˝_∂ëˆ c˜cÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ aêˆÁ[˝XÁ c˜Ã^, Tˆ„[˝ ÂEıÁXC Ã[˝ÁLX›◊Tˆ◊[˝V ÂGÏS„Eı G–c˜S Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ
a∂ˆÇTˆ c˜cÕ„[˝X XÁ* %Á]Ã[˝Á ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ a∂ˆÇTˆ c˜cÕ, Y„V Y„V ]…_„Eı ÂZı◊_Ã^Á ÂGÏS„Eı
%ÁG–„c˜Ã[˝ a◊c˜Tˆ W˝◊Ã[˝„Tˆ ^ÁcÕ* %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ W˝–”[˝ ◊[˝`üÁa Â^ ÂGÏS„Eı _Á\ˆ Eı◊Ã[˝„_
Â`„b ]…_ %ÁY◊XcÕ c˜Á„Tˆ %Á◊a„[˝* ◊[˝YÃ[˝›Tˆ EıUÁcÕ aTˆÓ, ]…_„Eı _Á\ˆ Eı◊Ã[˝„_
TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ a◊c˜Tˆ ^Tˆ ÂGÏS a«◊[˝W˝Á C %◊W˝EıÁÃ[˝ L«◊ªRÙOÃ^Á %Á„a* ◊Ã[˝ZıÃ[˝À„]Ã[˝ a∂ëˆ„µ˘
%„X„EıÃ[˝ AcÕÃ[˝÷Y ]#ÁGTˆ }] C [˝«◊à˘„VÏ[[˝Ô_Ó ÂV◊FÃ^Á V«f◊FTˆ c˜cÕ_Á]* ^Ác˜Á
c˜=Eı, ◊EıªK«˜ _Á\ˆ Eı◊Ã[˝_Á], ÂEıÁX a]„Ã^ %ÁÃ[˝C _Á\ˆ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝, Â`„b %î %î
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AEıªRÙO› FgÁ≈ªRÙO› EıUÁ
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[˝ÃÊıªRÙO Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ [˝◊_*
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\ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝ ÂEıÁX ◊c˜TâÁW˝X EıÃ[˝Á TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ aÁW˝ÓÁTˆ›Tˆ*
◊Ã[˝Zı]Ô C ]W˝ÓY‹öˆ›GS
]W˝ÓY‹öˆ›V_ TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ ◊ªJÙÃ[˝[˝Á◊s˙Tˆ `ÁaX aeïıÁÃ[˝ YÁcÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜X ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ÂacÕ _Á„\ˆ
c˜bÔY“Z«ı{ XÁ c˜cÕÃ^Á Â`ÁEıa‹ôˆä c˜cÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜X* TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ y‘≥VX C Tˆ›[˝– %◊\ˆ]Á„XÃ[˝
^„UrÙ EıÁÃ[˝S %Á‰ªK˜* TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ ªJÙT«ˆÃ[˝ªJ…ÙQÕˆÁ]◊S Â`üTˆ `ÓÁ]Ã[˝ÁÃ^ ]W˝ÓY‹öˆ› Ã[˝ÁW˝ÁÃ[˝ a◊c˜Tˆ
TgˆÁc˜Á[Ã ˝ ÿëˆ\ˆÁ[˝a_« \ˆ W˝w… ¯Ô TˆÁ %[˝_∂ëˆX Eı◊[Ã ˝^Ã Á Jª Ù≥V–Á[˝_›„Eı ÂEıÏ◊≥a_ %◊\âÁ„Ã[˝ QˆÁ◊Eı^Ã Á
Y“„[˝` EıÃ[˝ÁcÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜X* ]W˝ÓY‹öˆ›GS [˝◊_„Tˆ‰ªK˜X, %Á]Ã[˝ÁcÕ `ÁaX aeïıÁÃ[˝ EıÃ[˝ÁcÕ_Á],
%UªJÙ %Á]Ã[˝ÁcÕ ÂacÕ aeïıÁ„Ã[˝ [˝◊c˜õ ıTˆ c˜cÕ_Á], ^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á `ÁaX aeïıÁ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ◊[˝„Ã[˝ÁW˝›
◊ªK˜„_X, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ÁcÕ G c˜›Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜X, A◊Eı ◊[˝V–÷Y, A◊Eı %XÓÁÃ^* AcÕ EıÃ[˝”S
%◊\ˆ]ÁXY…SÔ ◊X„[˝VX ªJÙÁ◊Ã[˝◊V„Eı £◊X„Tˆ◊ªK˜, Tˆ„[˝ Y“„\ˆV %Á‰ªK˜* Â[˝Á∂ëˆÁcÕ[˝Á◊aX›
Ã[˝ÁW˝Á ◊ªJÙÃ[˝ %\ˆÓÁa Ã[˝l˘Á Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á `ÓÁ„]Ã[˝ a◊c˜Tˆ ÊY“„] ]ÁFÁ ]W˝«Ã[˝ Eı_c˜ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜X,
[˝Ü[˝Á◊aX› Ã[˝ÁW˝ÁÃ[˝ ◊[˝b] ]ÁX, %ÁÃ[˝ `ÓÁ„]Ã[˝ ]«F ÂV◊F[˝ XÁ, ÂacÕ EıUÁ [˝◊_[˝ÁÃ[˝
aÁcã XÁcÕ, `ÓÁ]„Eı A„Eı[˝Á„Ã[˝ ªJÙªRÙOÁcÕ„Tˆ ªJÙÁX XÁ, %UªJÙ ]„X ]„X ÂacÕ \ˆÁ[˝cÕ
Ã[˝◊c˜Ã^Á‰ªK˜* ]W˝ÓY‹öˆ›„VÃ[˝ ◊[˝Y“_ç˘ V`Á ÂV◊FÃ^Á c˜Á◊aC YÁÃ^ VÃ^ÁC c˜Ã^* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ
Ã[˝ÁW˝ÁÃ[˝ ]„X Ã[˝ÁFÁ =◊ªJÙTˆ ◊ªK˜_ Â^ ÂEı[˝_cÕ Eı_c˜ ÂEı[˝_cÕ %Á[˝VÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„_ ÊY“]
ÊªRÙO„Eı XÁ, ]Á„XÃ[˝ \ˆ„Ã^ Ã[˝ÁW˝ÁÃ[˝ `“›ªJÙÃ[˝„S Y◊QÕˆÃ^Á ◊XL a[[˝Ôÿëˆ TgˆÁc˜Á„Eı ÂVÃ^, Â`üTˆ[˝SÔ
`ÓÁ]a«≥VÃ[˝ ÂacÕÃ[˝÷Y ÊªK˜„_ X„c˜* V«f„FÃ[˝ EıUÁ, Â^ Â[˝_◊\ˆQˆ›Ã[˝ ◊X[˝Áa› `ÓÁ]a«≥VÃ[˝
Â[˝`› ÊY“] ÂVFÁcÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜„_X, ◊Tˆ◊XcÕ Â[˝`› W˝…wÔ¯TˆÁ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X, AFX ]ÁX\ˆtX
Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝ ÂEı? [˝ à˘ ]Ã[˝_› %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ ◊Eı X…TˆX [˝e`›Ã[˝[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á cÕc˜Á„VÃ[˝ %Ác˜Tˆ c˜÷VÃ^„Eı
`›Tˆ_ Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝X?
ÂGÁF„_Ã[˝ ]ÁXc˜Á◊X
[˝ ◊ªRÙO` aÁ∂ÉˆÁ„LÓÃ[˝ Y“W˝ÁX ÿôˆêˆ ]ÁXX›Ã^ ÂGÁF„_ ]c˜Á`„Ã^Ã[˝ ◊[˝Ã[˝”„à˘ Eı„ÃÊıLX
%Yhı[˝«◊à˘ Â_ÁEı %ÛÁ ◊TˆÃ[˝ïıÁÃ[˝ C ◊[˝V–÷Y Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ]c˜ÁÃ[˝Ár—Ù›Ã^ Y“LÁ„Eı =„w¯◊LTˆ
Eı◊[Ã ˝^Ã Á◊ªK˜_, c˜cO ˜Á [˝QˆÕ V«f„FÃ[˝ EıUÁ* ÂGÁF„_ ]c˜Á`Ã^ ]∂ˆÇÁÔ c˜Tˆ c˜c˜^ÃO Á [˝◊ Rª ÙÒ ◊[˝Jª ÙÁ[Ã ˝Eı„VÃ[˝
%Á`“Ã^ _cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜X A[˝e TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ aÁc˜Á„^Ó TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ]ÁXc˜Á◊XÃ[˝ Y‹öˆÁ [˝µ˘ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X
A[˝e TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Y“W˝ÁX `y” C ◊X≥V«Eı ◊c˜≥V« Yá˚„Eı ◊[˝XÁ` Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X* \ˆÁ_cÕ
c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜* ◊]UÓÁ EıUÁ [˝◊_„Tˆ XÁcÕ, ◊[˝`üÁa Eı◊Ã[˝„_C Â^ EıUÁ T«ˆ◊] ◊[˝ªJÙÁÃ[˝Á_„Ã^
Y“]ÁS Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ %l˘], ÂacÕ EıUÁ ◊_◊F„Tˆ XÁcÕ* ◊c˜≥V« Y„á˚Ã[˝ a+ÁVEı A[˝e
Y«SÁÃ[˝ =Eı›_ `“›^«Tˆ \ˆ›„Qˆ AcÕ EıUÁ ◊[˝ÿˆÇ Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á V„â¯Ã[˝ YÁy c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜X* \ˆÁ_
EıUÁ* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ Ã[˝ÁLX›◊TÊı Âl˘‰y XÁ◊_a Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á Â_ÁEı◊Y“Ã^TˆÁ %ÁVÁÃ^ EıÃ[˝Á ^ÁÃ^ XÁ*
%YÃ[˝ Â_Á„Eı ÂGÁF„_ ]c˜Á`„Ã^Ã[˝ ]ÁXc˜Á◊X Eı◊Ã[˝„_ TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ =YÁÃ^ %Á‰ªK˜, ◊Tˆ◊XC
ÂacÕ =YÁÃ^ %Á[˝_∂ëˆX Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á LÃ^› c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜X, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ◊X„L ◊XL ]ÁXc˜Á◊X Eı◊Ã[˝„_
TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ◊Eı =YÁÃ^ c˜cÕ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝* ÂGÁF„_ ]c˜Á`Ã^ ^Ác˜ÁÃ[˝ Y“èaÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„TˆX, AFX
TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ◊X≥VÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜X, ^Ác˜ÁÃ[˝ ◊X≥VÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„TˆX TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Y“èaÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜X, cÕc˜Á
ÂV◊FÃ^Á Â_Á„Eı TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ ac˜„LcÕ [˝›Tˆ`“à˘ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜* %Á„G Eı∂ˆÇÔªJÙÁÃ[˝›„VÃ[˝
◊Y“Ã^ c˜cÕÃ^ÁC Y“LÁÃ[˝ Y“›◊Tˆ %ÁEıbÔS EıÃ[˝Á Eı◊PˆX c˜cÕ„_C %aÁW˝Ó ◊ªK˜_ XÁ, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ
X…TˆX Y“_„Ã^Ã[˝ Y„Ã[˝ ÂacÕÃ[˝÷Y L_ÿöˆ_[˝Áa› LÁ„XÁÃ^ÁÃ[˝ Â_ÁY YÁcÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜*
X…TˆX ÂEıÏ◊≥a_Ã[˝
^FX [˝„XÃ[˝ [˝QÕˆ [˝QÕˆ [˝ l˘ aEı_ EıÁ‰ªRÙO, TˆFX ac˜ÿÉˆ %_◊l˘Tˆ l«˘V– l«˘V–
GÁªK˜YÁ_Á Jª Ùl˘« %ÁEıbSÔ Eı„[Ã ˝* %Á„G \…ˆ„Y≥V–XÁU, a«„[Ã ˝≥V–XÁU, •ÁÃ[˝\ˆÁÜÁ, [Ã ˝Áa◊[˝c˜Á[Ã ˝›
c˜TO ˆÓÁ◊V [˝QˆÕ [˝QˆÕ [Ã ˝ÁLX›◊TÊı ÂXTˆÁ, ◊[˝FÓÁTˆ L◊]VÁÃ[˝ C _ç˘Y◊“ Tˆúˆ ◊[˝•ÁX [˝Ó[˝ÿˆö ÁYEı
a\ˆÁÃ[˝ a\ˆÓ c˜cÕ„TˆX, X…TˆX aeïıÁ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ Y“\ˆÁ„[˝ AcÕÃ[˝÷Y Â_ÁEı„Eı aÃ[˝ÁcÕÃ^Á aÁG„Ã[˝Ã[˝
=Y„Ã[˝ EıTˆ l«˘V– l«˘V– ]daÓ =◊PˆÃ^Á ac˜„bÔ X[˝a…^ÔÓ ◊EıÃ[˝„S _∂ˆèı Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜*
Y“◊Tˆ◊VX X…TˆX X…Tˆ X ◊X[[˝ÔÁªJÙXY“ÁUfiÃ[˝ XÁ] Y◊QÕˆÃ^Á ◊[˝◊ÿˆÇTˆ c˜cÕ_Á]* ATˆm◊_
%LÁXÁ ]c˜ÁHÔÓ Ã[˝±Ûˆ ATˆ◊VX %µ˘EıÁ„Ã[˝ _«EıÁcÕÃ^Á ◊ªK˜_? %Á]Ã[˝Á _QÔˆ ]Ã[˝_›„Eı
W˝XÓ[˝ÁV ◊VcÕ, ÂV` ATˆ W˝X› ◊ªK˜_, ◊X„LÃ[˝ B`ü^ÔÓ [˝«◊Mı„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ XÁcÕ, ]Ã[˝_›Ã[˝
Y“\ˆÁ„[˝ Ã[˝”à˘ W˝X\ˆÁâ¯Á„Ã[˝Ã[˝ •ÁÃ[˝ F«◊_Ã^Á‰ªK˜ --- aEı_ Ã[˝±Ûˆ a…^ÔÓ◊EıÃ[˝„S Y“V›ä c˜cÕÃ^Á
XÃ^X Mı_◊aÃ^Á ◊V„Tˆ‰ªK˜*
W˝∂ˆÇÔ, 14` aeFÓÁ, 20Â` %G–c˜ÁÃ^S, 1316
ÆœÙÁ≥a\ˆÁ„_ \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ[˝Áa›
ÆœÙÁ≥a\ˆÁ_[˝Áa› \ˆÁÃ[˝Tâ‹ôˆÁX Â^ V ªRÕÙTˆÁ C ÿëˆÁUÔTˆÓÁ„GÃ[˝ V rÙÁ‹ôˆ ÂVFÁcÕÃ^Á„ªK˜X C
ÂVFÁcÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜X, TˆÁc˜Á LG„Tˆ %T«ˆ_X›Ã^* Y“ÁªJÙ›X %Á^ÔÓ◊`l˘Á C %Á^ÔÓªJÙ◊Ã[˝y AcÕ
V…Ã[˝ ÂV„` AcÕ ◊Xfac˜ÁÃ^ YVV◊_Tˆ E«ı_›]L«Ã[˝ ÂVÁEıÁXVÁ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ Y“Á„S Â^]X Tˆ›[˝–\ˆÁ„[˝
LÁ◊GÃ^Á =◊PˆÃ^Á‰ªK˜, \ˆÁÃ[˝„Tˆ [˝Ü„V„`C ÂacÕ\ˆÁ„[˝, ÂacÕ Y◊Ã[˝]Á„S AFXC LÁ„G
XÁcÕ* [˝Ü„V„` %Á]Ã[˝Á È[˝W˝ Y“◊Tˆ„Ã[˝ÁW˝ ]«„F a]UÔX Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜ ]Áy, ÆœÙÁ≥a\ˆÁ„_
TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á EıÁ„^ÔÓ ÂacÕ Y“◊Tˆ„Ã[˝Á„W˝Ã[˝ ªJÙÃ[˝] V rÙÁ‹ôˆ ÂVFÁcÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜X* %UªJÙ \ˆÁÃ[˝„Tˆ Â^
aEı_ a«◊[˝W˝Á C ac˜L Zı_◊a◊à˘Ã[˝ aêˆÁ[˝XÁ Ã[˝◊c˜Ã^Á‰ªK˜, ÆœÙÁ≥a\ˆÁ„_ TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Â_`]Áy
XÁcÕ* AEı AEı[˝ÁÃ[˝ ]„X c˜Ã^, cÕc˜Á [˝ UÁ ÊªJÙrÙÁ, ÂEıÁX %Á`ÁÃ^ cÕc˜ÁÃ[˝Á ATˆ ^ÁTˆXÁ,
ATˆ W˝XXÁ`, ATˆ %Y]ÁX C _Ás˙XÁ ÿëˆ›EıÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜X? \ˆÁÃ[˝„Tˆ %Á]Ã[˝Á ◊≈y`-
„EıÁªRÙO› \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ a‹ôˆÁX, Ã[˝ÁLY«Ã[˝”bGS C TˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ ÿëˆLÁTˆ›Ã^ ac˜ÁÃ^ ]«◊rÙ„]Ã^ Â_ÁEı,
AcÕ ◊≈y`-„EıÁªRÙO› Â_ÁEı V`◊VX È[˝W˝ Y“◊Tˆ„Ã[˝ÁW˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„_ ◊[˝XÁ Ã[˝N˛YÁ„Tˆ Âÿëˆ¨K˜ÁªJÙÁÃ[˝-
Tˆ‹óˆ %ÁY◊X ◊[˝XÁ`Y“Áä c˜cÕ„[˝, AEı ÂEıÁªRÙO› Â_ÁEıC ÂacÕ YU V ªRÕÙTˆÁÃ[˝ a◊c˜Tˆ
%[˝_∂ëˆX Eı◊[Ã ˝„_ AEı [˝da„Ã[˝[Ã ˝ ]„W˝Ó `Á‹ôˆ %◊X≥VÓ %Ác˜XO aÜTˆ =YÁ„Ã^ [Ã ˝Ár—Ù◊[˝Y„¿ [˝[Ã ˝
Zı_ a«a+~ c˜cÕ„[˝* ÆœÙÁ≥a\ˆÁ„_ ]«◊rÙ„]Ã^ \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ[˝Áa› ÂV„`Ã[˝ Â_Á„EıÃ[˝ a◊c˜Tˆ
aeH„bÔ Y“[˝ w¯, ÂEıÁXC [˝_ XÁcÕ, ÂEıÁXC leverage XÁcÕ, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á aEı„_ ÂL„_
Y◊ªJÙ„_ ÂV`ªJ«ÙÓTˆ c˜cÕ„_, ◊X∂ˆÇ…Ô_ c˜cÕ„_ GÃ[˝›[˝ ÆœÙÁ≥a\ˆÁ_[˝Áa›Ã[˝ %î◊VX %Á◊UÔEı
l˘◊Tˆ C EırÙ c˜cÕ„[˝ [˝‰ªRÙO ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ÂacÕ ÂV„`Ã[˝, ÂacÕ G[˝SÔ„]‰∞ªRÙO Ã[˝ ÂEıÁX mÃ[˝”TˆÃ[˝
[˝Á ÿöˆÁÃ^› %YEıÁÃ[˝ c˜cÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ aêˆÁ[˝XÁ XÁcÕ, [˝Ã[˝e TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ `y”GS AcÕ Y◊Ã[˝SÁ]cÕ
ªJÙÁX* %Á◊FÔ]›V›a [˝◊_„TˆX, =„w¯Á_X-^‹óˆ Ã[˝Á◊F[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÿöˆÁX ^◊V YÁcÕ, Y ◊U[˝› `…„XÓ
=„w¯Á_X Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝* cÕc˜Á„VÃ[˝ =„w¯Á_X-^‹óˆC XÁcÕ, Ã[˝Á◊F[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÿöˆÁXC XÁcÕ,
%UªJÙ Y ◊U[˝› `…„XÓ =„w¯Á_X Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ =VÓTˆ* TÛÁ◊Y TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ Y◊Ã[˝`“] EıFXC
[˝ÓUÔ c˜cÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ X„c˜* ◊]f GÁµ˘› [˝◊_Ã^Á‰ªK˜X, %Á]Ã[˝Á \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ[˝Áa›, %Á]Ã[˝Á %ÁW˝ÓÁ◊≈±¡Eı
[˝„_ %ÁÿöˆÁ[˝ÁX, %ÁW˝ÓÁ◊≈±¡Eı [˝„_ %Á]Ã[˝Á a]ÿôˆ [˝ÁW˝Á %◊Tˆy‘] Eı◊Ã[˝[˝* \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ[˝Áa›
◊\ˆ~ AcÕ p˚ÁX, AcÕ `“à˘Á, AcÕ ◊XúˆÁ ÂEıÁXÀ LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ %Á‰ªK˜ [˝Á UÁ◊Eı„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝?
cÕc˜ÁcÕ \ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝ ]c˜√º¯ Â^ AcÕ ◊XúˆÁÃ[˝ [˝„_ ◊`◊l˘Tˆ %◊`◊l˘Tˆ ac˜ÿÉˆ ac˜ÿÉˆ aeaÁÃ[˝›
a«F-V«fF„Eı T«ˆ¨K˜ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á aÃ[˝_ Y“Á„S V ªRÕÙ aÁc˜„a AcÕÃ[˝÷Y V«õıÃ[˝ EıÁ„^ÔÓ [˝–Tˆ›
c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜X* c˜Ã^Tˆ Â^ Zı„_Ã[˝ %ÁEıÁIl˘ÁÃ^ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á ^‹óˆSÁ Â\ˆÁG Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜X, ÂacÕ
Zı_ c˜ÿôˆGTˆ c˜cÕ„[˝ XÁ, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ AcÕ ]c˜d ÊªJÙrÙÁÃ[˝ ]c˜d Y◊Ã[˝SÁ] c˜cÕ„[˝, cÕc˜Á„Tˆ
\ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ[˝Áa›Ã[˝ \ˆ◊[˝bÓd =~◊Tˆ aÁ◊W˝Tˆ c˜cÕ„[˝, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Â_`]Áy a„≥Vc˜ XÁcÕ*
ªRÙOÁ=Xc˜„_Ã[˝ a\ˆÁ
◊]f ÂYÁ_Eı ÆœÙÁ≥a\ˆÁ_[˝Áa› \ˆÁÃ[˝Tâ‹ôˆÁX„VÃ[˝ Y“◊Tˆ◊X◊W˝Ã[˝÷„Y AcÕ ÂV„` %Á◊aÃ^Á
\ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ[˝Áa›Ã[˝ ac˜ÁX«\…ˆ◊Tˆ C aÁc˜Á^Ó ◊\ˆl˘Á Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜X* %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ac˜ÁX«\…ˆ◊TˆÃ[˝
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◊TˆXªRÙO› Y‹öˆÁ %Á‰ªK˜* G[˝SÔ„]‰∞ªRÙOÃ[˝ ◊XEıªRÙO ◊X„[˝VX Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝, cÕc˜Á„Tˆ ÂEıÁX
Zı„_Ã[˝ %Á`Á XÁc˜,O G[˝S„Ô ]∞ªRÙCO ÆœÙÁ≥a\ˆÁ_ G[˝S„Ô ]‰∞ªRÙ[ÃO ˝ Ac˜[ÃO ˝÷Y [˝[[˝„Ô [Ã ˝Á◊ªJÙTˆ [˝Ó[˝c˜Á„Ã[˝ˆ
%a‹ô«ˆrÙ, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ Ã[˝ÁLY«Ã[˝”bGS %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ %„Yl˘ÁC ◊XÃ[˝”YÁÃ^* Â^ ◊[˝b„Ã^
\ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝ ◊c˜Tˆ cÕe_„â¯Ã[˝ ◊c˜„TˆÃ[˝ ◊[˝„Ã[˝ÁW˝›, ÂacÕ ◊[˝b„Ã^ \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ›Ã^ Ã[˝ÁLY«Ã[˝”bGS
cÕ¨K˜Áa„√º¯C %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ◊c˜TâÁW˝„X %l˘]* \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ[˝Áa›Ã[˝ DY◊X„[˝◊Èı G[˝SÔ„]‰∞ªRÙOÃ[˝
◊[˝Ã[˝”à˘ÁªJÙÃ[˝S EıÃ[˝Á cÕe_„â¯Ã[˝ %◊c˜„TˆÃ[˝, DY◊X„[˝◊ÈıG„SÃ[˝ Ây‘ÁW˝ ◊[˝Zı_ ]„XÃ[˝
\ˆÁ[˝ X„c˜, ÂacÕ Ây‘ÁW˝ EıÁ^ÔÓEıÃ[˝* \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ[˝Áa›Ã[˝ ◊c˜„Tˆ %ÁHÁTˆ Y◊QÕˆ„_ YÃ[˝ÁW˝›X
\ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ[˝Áa› EgıÁ≈◊V„[˝, %ÁÃ[˝ ◊Eı Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝? %Á]Ã[˝Á XÁªRÙOÁ„_ E«ı◊_ YÁPˆÁcÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ YU [˝µ˘
Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ [˝◊_„Tˆ◊ªK˜, cÕc˜Á„Tˆ XÁªRÙOÁ_[˝Áa› ^◊V %a„‹ôˆÁb Y“EıÁ` Eı„Ã[˝X, %Á]Á„VÃ[˝
G[˝SÔ„]∞ªRÙO EıFXC AcÕ =YÁÃ^ %[˝_∂ëˆX Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ aÁcã› c˜cÕ„[˝X XÁ* ◊•Tˆ›Ã^ Y‹öˆÁ,
ÆœÙÁ≥a\ˆÁ„_Ã[˝ \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ[˝Áa›◊VG„Eı %◊W˝Eı aÁc˜Á„^Ó Y«rÙ EıÃ[˝Á, ◊[˝„`bTˆf TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝
[˝Á_Eı„VÃ[˝ ◊`l˘ÁVÁ„X AcÕÃ[˝÷Y aÁc˜Á^Ó Eı◊Ã[˝„_ TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ AEı mÃ[˝”TˆÃ[˝ %a«◊[˝W˝Á
V…Ã[˝›\…ˆTˆ c˜cÕ„[˝* AcÕÃ[˝÷Y aÁc˜Á^Ó ÂVCÃ^Á ac˜L X„c˜* \ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆC %„UÔÃ[˝ %„`b
Y“„^Ã ÁLX, %„UÔ[Ã ˝ %\ˆÁ„[˝ ÂEıÁX ÊªJÙrÙÁ Zı_[˝Tˆ› c˜^Ã XÁ* Tˆ„[˝ AcÕ ◊[˝b„Ã^ G[˝S„Ô ]‰∞ªRÙ[ÃO ˝
ac˜ÁX«\ˆ… ◊Tˆ %Á‰ªK˜, ÂGÁF„_C V…[Ã ˝[˝w¯fi È[˝W˝ Y“◊Tˆ„[Ã ˝Á„W˝[Ã ˝ Y“èaÁ Eı◊[Ã ˝^Ã Á‰ªK˜X, \ˆÁ[Ã ˝„Tˆ[Ã ˝
Ã[˝ÁL‰V–Ác˜\ˆÃ^◊zırÙ W˝X› a‹ôˆÁX ÂEıX AcÕ ◊X„Å¤Áb ^«„à˘ %UÔ aÁc˜Á^Ó Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÃ[˝Á´¡«F
c˜X? T ˆTˆ›^Ã Y‹öˆÁ, a]ÿôˆ \ˆÁ[Ã ˝Tˆ]^Ã Y“◊Tˆ[˝Á„VÃ[˝ a\ˆÁ Eı◊[Ã ˝^Ã Á G–Á„] G–Á„] ÆœÙÁ≥a\ˆÁ_[˝Áa›
\ˆÁÃ[˝Tâ‹ôˆÁX„VÃ[˝ %Y]ÁX, _Ás˙XÁ, ^‹óˆSÁ, V ªRÕÙTˆÁ, ÿëˆÁUÔTˆÓÁG LÁXÁcÕÃ^Á \ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝
ÂacÕ %ÁW˝ÓÁ◊≈±¡Eı [˝_ LÁGÁX* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ÂacÕ EıÁ„^ÔÓÃ[˝ =Y„^ÁG› [˝Ó[˝ÿöˆÁ C Eı∂ˆÇÔ` Ö_Á
ÂEıÁUÁÃ^* Â^ ◊VX [˝Ü„V` Â[˝Á∂ëˆÁcÕ„Ã^Ã[˝ ]«FÁ„Yl˘› XÁ c˜cÕÃ^Á ◊X„LÃ[˝ AEıTˆÁ C
[˝_[˝◊ à˘ Eı◊[Ã ˝„Tˆ ◊`◊F„[˝, Âac˜◊O VX ÂacÕ [˝Ó[˝ÿˆö Á C Eı∂ˆÇ`Ô Ö _Á c˜c˜„O Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝, %Á]Á„VÃ[˝
V rÙÁ‹ôˆ ÂV◊FÃ^Á %XÓÁXÓ Y“„V„`Ã[˝ Â_ÁEıC ÂacÕ Y„U W˝Á◊[˝Tˆ c˜cÕ„[˝* ÂacÕ Y^ÔÓ‹ôˆ
AcÕ ◊X#fi[˝ C %Eı∂ˆÇÔSÓ %[˝ÿöˆÁ UÁ◊Eı„[˝*
◊X[[˝ÔÁ◊aTˆ [˝Üa‹ôˆÁX
AEı [˝daÃ[˝ GTˆY“ÁÃ^, ◊X[[˝ÔÁ◊aTˆ [˝Üa‹ôˆÁX AFXC ◊X[[˝ÔÁa„X, EıÁÃ[˝ÁGÁ„Ã[˝*
G[˝SÔ„]‰∞ªRÙOÃ[˝ %X«G–c˜Y“TˆÓÁ`›GS AEı[˝bÔEıÁ_ ÂEı[˝_cÕ [˝◊_„Tˆ‰ªK˜X, AcÕ c˜cÕ_,
EıÁÃ[˝Á]«◊N˛ c˜cÕ_, ]Ã[˝_› AEıY“EıÁÃ[˝ a∂ˆÇTˆ c˜cÕ„_X, EıÁ_ c˜cÕ„[˝, %]«Eı %[˝a„Ã[˝
c˜cÕ„[˝, Ã[˝ÁLÁÃ[˝ LXΩ◊V„X c˜cÕ„[˝, ◊Ã[˝Zı]Ô Y“ªJÙÁÃ[˝ c˜cÕ„_cÕ c˜cÕ„[˝, Y“◊Tˆ[˝ÁV a\ˆÁ EıÃ[˝
XÁ, ÂGÁ_ EıÃ[˝ XÁ, ÂGÁ_ Eı◊Ã[˝„_ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ a]ÿôˆ Y◊Ã[˝`“] Yâ¯ c˜cÕ„[˝* %UªJÙ
Âac˜◊O VX ]ÓÁEıQˆXÁ∑Qˆ aÁ„c˜„[˝[Ã ˝ ]«„F £◊X_Á] \ˆÁ[Ã ˝Tˆ[˝Áa›Ã[˝ ◊X‰∏JÙrÙTˆÁ^Ã YÁ_ÔÁ„]‰∞ªRÙO
EıªRÙOX Y“\ ˆ◊TˆÃ[˝ %Á„≥VÁ_X ◊X‰ÿôˆL c˜cÕÃ^Á Y◊QÕˆÃ^Á‰ªK˜, ÂEıX XÁ ◊[˝_Á„TˆÃ[˝ Â_ÁEı
[˝◊_„Tˆ‰ªK˜, EıcÕ cÕc˜ÁÃ[˝Á ÂGÁ_ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜X, \ˆÁÃ[˝„Tˆ aÁQÕˆÁ `å XÁcÕ, TˆÁc˜Á„Tˆ Â[˝ÁMıÁ
ÂG_ ◊X[[˝ÔÁa„X \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ[˝Áa› a‹ô«ˆrÙ, ◊X[[˝ÔÁ◊aTˆ„VÃ[˝ Eı„ÃÊıLX %Á±¡›Ã^, [˝µ«˘[˝Áµ˘[˝
Y“\ ˆ◊TˆcÕ %ÁY◊w¯ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜X, ◊X[[˝ÔÁa„X Â_ÁEı]Tˆ l«˘ç˘ X„c˜* ◊[˝_Á„TˆÃ[˝ Y“LÁÃ[˝
Y„l˘ AcÕÃ[˝÷Y ◊aà˘Á‹ôˆ %◊X[˝Á^ÔÓ* a]ÿôˆ ÂV` ◊X[[˝ÔÁa„X V«f◊FTˆ C l«˘ç˘ Ã[˝◊c˜Ã^Á‰ªK˜,
%UªJÙ aEı„_ X›Ã[˝„[˝ `Á‹ôˆ\ˆÁ„[˝ G[˝SÔ„]‰∞ªRÙOÃ[˝ ◊XG–c˜X›◊Tˆ ◊`„Ã[˝ÁW˝Á^ÔÓ Eı◊Ã[˝„_X, cÕc˜Á

[˝ ◊ªRÙO` LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ XÓÁÃ^ ÂTˆLÿëˆ› C Ã[˝ÁLX›◊Tˆ-E«ı`_ LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ Â[˝ÁW˝G]Ó X„c˜* TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝
=YÃ[˝ ]ÁV–ÁL Eıe‰G–a XÁ„] %◊\ˆ◊c˜Tˆ Ã[˝ÁLY«Ã[˝”b-\ˆN˛„VÃ[˝ ]L◊_„a [˝QÕˆ [˝QÕˆ
ÂXTˆÁGS ]Ã[˝_›-◊]‰∞ªRÙOÁÃ[˝ ÿôˆ[˝‰ÿôˆÁy Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á [˝ÃÊıªRÙO [˝#¤XY…[[˝ÔEı GÁX Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X,
""%Ác˜Á, %ÁL \ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝ ◊Eı a«„FÃ[˝ a]Ã^*'' [˝Ü„V„`Ã[˝ a«„Ã[˝≥V–XÁU, \…ˆ„Y≥V–XÁU
Y“\ ˆ◊Tˆ ÂacÕ =da„[˝ Â^ÁGVÁX Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜„_X A[˝e \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ[˝Áa›Ã[˝ %ÁV„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ÂGÁF„_
Y«SÁÃ^ G[˝S„Ô ]‰∞ªRÙ[ÃO ˝ ""Eı‰PˆÁ[Ã ˝ C ◊XÅ¤^Ã ◊XG–c˜X›◊Tˆ[Ã ˝'' %Á[˝`ÓEıTˆÁ Y“◊TˆYÁVX Eı◊[Ã ˝^Ã Á
\ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ[˝Áa›Ã[˝ ÂXTˆÁ C Y“◊Tˆ◊X◊W˝Ã[˝÷„Y TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ a]UÔX Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X* AcÕÃ[˝÷Y Ã[˝ÁL-
X›◊Tˆ„Tˆ ÂEıÁXCEıÁ„_ ÂEıÁXC ÂV„` ÂEıÁXC Ã[˝ÁLX›◊TÊı a«Zı_ _ç˘ c˜Ã^ XÁcÕ,
c˜cÕ„[˝C XÁ*
^«N˛ ]c˜Áa\ˆÁ
ac˜„^ÁG› ""Â[˝Ü_›'' ÂacÕ◊VX %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ %a]„Ã^ ^«N˛ ]c˜Áa\ˆÁÃ[˝ EıUÁ =xÁYX
Eı◊[Ã ˝^Ã Á [˝◊_„_X, ◊^◊X y‘›„Qˆ a◊c˜ Eı◊[Ã ˝„[˝X XÁ [˝◊ Rª ÙÒ aÁ∂ÉˆÁ„LÓÃ[˝ %‹ôˆGTÔ ˆ ÿëˆÁ^Ã w¯`Áa„X
a‹ô«ˆrÙ XÁ c˜cÕÃ^Á ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁ„EıcÕ %ÁV`Ô Eı„Ã[˝X, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ""Eıe‰G–„a'' Y“„[˝` %◊W˝EıÁÃ[˝
XÁcÕ, ◊Tˆ◊X Â]c˜TˆÁ ÂGÁF„_ ]L◊_„aÃ[˝ =Y^«N˛ X„c˜X* AcÕ Y“[˝µ˘ _cÕÃ^Á %] Tˆ-
[˝ÁLÁÃ[˝ Y◊≈yEıÁÃ[˝ a◊c˜Tˆ ac˜„^ÁG›Ã[˝ [˝ÁV-◊[˝[˝ÁV c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜, ""Â[˝Ü_›'' [˝◊_Ã^Á‰ªK˜X,
AFX [˝ÁV-◊[˝[˝ÁV EıÃ[˝Á %X«◊ªJÙTˆ, ◊]_„XÃ[˝ Â^ %î aêˆÁ[˝XÁ Ã[˝◊c˜Ã^Á‰ªK˜, TˆÁc˜Á XrÙ
c˜cÕ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝* =w¯] EıUÁ* %Á]Ã[˝Á Y…„[[˝ÔcÕ Â[˝Ü_›„Eı ÂacÕ ◊[˝b„Ã^ aTÊÔı
Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜_Á] A[˝e Â]ÏXÁ[˝_∂ëˆX Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÃ[˝Á]`Ô ◊VÃ^Á◊ªK˜_Á]* %Á`Á Eı◊Ã[˝ ^Tˆ◊VX
AcÕ ◊[˝b„Ã^Ã[˝ ]›]ÁeaÁ XÁ c˜Ã^, ac˜„^ÁG› %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ [˝ÁEÀıae^] Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝X* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ^FX
Â[˝Ü_› AcÕÃ[˝÷Y ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁ-%ÁV`Ô [˝#¤X Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ %Á„V` Y“ªJÙÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X, %Á]Ã[˝Á
TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ =w¯„Ã[˝ [˝◊_„Tˆ [˝ÁW˝Ó Â^, %Á]Ã[˝Á aTˆÓ C =¨JÙ %ÁV`Ô Y◊Ã[˝TˆÓÁG Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á
Â]c˜TˆÁ ]L◊_„a Y“„[˝` Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ _Á_Á◊Ã^Tˆ X◊c˜, %Á]Ã[˝Á ^«N˛ ]c˜Áa\ˆÁ ªJÙÁcÕ,
Â]c˜TˆÁ ]L◊_a ªJÙÁcÕ XÁ* ÿëˆÁW˝›X‰ªJÙTˆÁ C =¨JÙÁEıÁIl˘› \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ a‹ôˆÁX„VÃ[˝ Y“„[˝„`Ã[˝
◊[˝Ã[˝”„à˘ ÂacÕ ]L◊_„aÃ[˝ •ÁÃ[˝ Ã[˝”à˘ TˆÁc˜Á LÁ◊X* EıX◊rÙ◊ªRÙO=`XÃ[˝÷Y %GÔ_ C y‘›Qˆ
XÁ]Eı TˆÁ_Á ◊VÃ^Á a^‰±Ûˆ [˝µ˘ EıÃ[˝Á c˜c˜^ÃO Á‰ªK˜, TˆÁc˜Á LÁ◊X* ^FX \ˆÁ[Ã ˝„Tˆ[Ã ˝ %◊W˝EıÁe`
W˝X› C _ç˘Y“◊Tˆúˆ Ã[˝ÁLX›◊Tˆ◊[˝V ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁ-%ÁV`Ô Y“EıÁ„`Ó ÿëˆ›EıÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ \ˆ›Tˆ
c˜X, TˆFX %Á]Ã[˝ÁC ]c˜Áa\ˆÁÃ[˝ ÂacÕ ◊[˝b„Ã^ ÂLV Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ Ã[˝ÁL› X◊c˜, Eı◊_EıÁTˆÁÃ^C
ÂLV Eı◊Ã[˝ XÁcÕ, a«Ã[˝Á‰ªRÙOC Eı◊Ã[˝ XÁcÕ* ^Tˆ◊VX aEı„_ AEı]Tˆ XÁ c˜cÕ, TˆTˆ◊VX
ÿëˆÁÃ^w¯`ÁaXcÕ Eıe‰G–„aÃ[˝ =„Å`Ó [˝◊_Ã^Á ÿëˆ›EıÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ Ã[˝ÁL› %Á◊ªK˜* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ
%Á]Á◊VG„Eı ÂacÕ =„Å„`Ó [˝Ó◊N˛GTˆ\ˆÁ„[˝ ]Tˆ ◊V„Tˆ, aTˆÓ}rÙ c˜cÕ„Tˆ, ◊]UÓÁ %ÁV`Ô
Y“ªJÙÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ %Á„V` Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÂTˆÁ]Á„VÃ[˝ ÂEıÁXC %◊W˝EıÁÃ[˝ XÁcÕ* ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁcÕ
%Á]Á„VÃ[˝ %ÁV`Ô, TˆÁc˜Á [˝ ◊ªRÙO` aÁ∂ÉˆÁ„LÓÃ[˝ %‹ôˆGÔTˆ c˜=Eı [˝Á [˝◊c˜\…ˆ¤Tˆ c˜=Eı, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ
%ÁcÕXaÜTˆ =YÁ„Ã^ ÂacÕ %ÁV`Ô◊a◊à˘ [˝Ás˙X›Ã^* ^◊V Â]c˜TˆÁ ]L◊_a ]c˜Áa\ˆÁÃ^
Y◊Ã[˝STˆ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ %ÁEıÁIl˘Á UÁ„Eı, TˆÁc˜Á c˜cÕ„_ ÂacÕ Ã[˝”à˘ •Á„Ã[˝Ã[˝ TˆÁ_Á \ˆÁ◊ÜÃ^Á
◊V„Tˆ c˜c˜„O [˝, EıX◊rÙ◊Rª Ù=O `XC •Á„Ã[˝[Ã ˝ %GÔ_ XÁ c˜c˜^ÃO Á Eı„∂ˆÇ[ÃÔ ˝ Y“◊TˆúˆÁ c˜C^Ã Á %Á[˝`ÓEı*
X‰ªJÙd %XÓ Y“◊TˆúˆÁ[Ã ˝ =YÃ[˝ ]c˜Áa\ˆÁ aeGPˆX EıÃ[˝Á =◊ªJÙTˆ* %[˝`ÓcÕ c˜cO ˜Á %Á]Á„VÃ[˝cÕ
]Tˆ, Â^ Eı◊]ªRÙO› ßG_›„Tˆ ◊X^«N˛ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ YÃ[˝Á]„`ÔÃ[˝ Y◊Ã[˝SÁ] %[˝GTˆ
X◊c˜, Â`b Zı„_Ã[˝ %„Yl˘ÁÃ^ Ã[˝◊c˜Ã^Á◊ªK˜*
Ã[˝„]`ªJÙ≥V– Vw¯
`“›^«N˛ Ã[˝„]`ªJÙ≥V– V„w¯Ã[˝ YÃ[˝„_ÁEı G]„X [˝Ü„V„`Ã[˝ AEıLX =VÓ]`›_,
[˝«◊à˘]ÁX C E ı◊Tˆ a‹ôˆÁX Eı∂ˆÇÔ„l˘y c˜cÕ„Tˆ %YaÁ◊Ã[˝Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜X* Ã[˝„]`ªJÙ≥V– %„XEı
Âl˘‰y [˝›L [˝YX Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ◊GÃ^Á‰ªK˜X* Ã[˝ÁLX›◊Tˆ„Tˆ, Ã[˝ÁLÓ`Áa„X, ◊[˝VÓÁªJÙ¨JÙ¤ÁÃ^,
aÁ◊c˜„TˆÓ ◊Tˆ◊X ^` C Y“◊TˆúˆÁ_Á\ˆ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜„_X* TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ AEıªRÙO› Y«ÿôÊı•ÁÃ[˝Á
\ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ[˝Áa›Ã[˝ ]X [˝ÃÊıªRÙOG–c˜S Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ Y“ÿô«ˆTˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜_, ^◊V Ã[˝„]`ªJÙ‰≥V–Ã[˝ %ÁÃ[˝
aEı_ Eı∂ˆÇÔ, Y«ÿôÊı cÕTˆÓÁ◊V ◊[˝ÿˆÇ ◊Tˆ-aÁG„Ã[˝ ◊X]G¬ c˜Ã^, AcÕ AEı]Áy %◊Tˆ ]c˜d
EıÁ„^ÔÓ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ XÁ] \ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝ cÕ◊Tˆc˜Á„a %]Ã[˝ c˜cÕÃ^Á UÁ◊Eı„[˝* EıÁc˜ÁÃ[˝C ] T«ˆÓ„Tˆ
%Á]Ã[˝Á V«fF Y“EıÁ` Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ a∂ˆÇTˆ X◊c˜, EıÁÃ[˝S %Á]Ã[˝Á ] T«ˆÓ„Eı ]Á◊X XÁ, ] T«ˆÓ
]ÁÃ^Á, ] T«ˆÓ }]* Ã[˝„]`ªJÙ≥V– ] Tˆ X„c˜X, AcÕ `Ã[˝›Ã[˝ TˆÓÁG Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ◊GÃ^Á‰ªK˜X ]Áy
A[˝e ÂacÕ ÿöˆÁX c˜cÕ„TˆC TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ YÃ[˝„_ÁEıGTˆ %Á±¡Á ◊Y“Ã^ ÿëˆ„V„`Ã[˝ %\«ˆÓxÁ„XÃ[˝
aÁc˜Á^Ó Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ ◊X◊bà˘ X„c˜*
[˝«à˘GÃ^Á
GTˆ 3Ã[˝Á ◊Qˆ„a∂ëˆÃ[˝ Y“T…ˆÓ„b, Y◊∏JÙ][˝„ÜÃ[˝ ÊªK˜ÁªRÙO_ÁªRÙO [˝Ác˜ÁV«Ã[˝ aV„_ ]ªRÙOÃ[˝EıÁ„Ã[˝
Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á, Â[˝ÁW˝ GÃ^Áÿöˆ Y“ªÁJÙ›X Â[˝Ïà˘ ]◊≥VÃ[˝ ÂV◊F„Tˆ ◊GÃ^Á◊ªK˜„_X* B Y“ÁªJÙ›X ]◊≥VÃ[˝ªRÙO›
GÃ^Á c˜cÕ„Tˆ aÁTˆ ]ÁcÕ_ V…„Ã[˝ %[˝◊ÿöˆTˆ* V«\ˆ¤ÁGÓ[˝`Tˆf B Y“ÁªJÙ›X ÿöˆY◊Tˆ◊[˝VÓÁÃ[˝

ÂEıÏT…ˆc˜„_ÁÅ›YEı %ÁV`ÔFÁ◊X ◊c˜≥V« A[˝e Â[˝Ïà˘G„SÃ[˝ ÂHÁÃ[˝Tˆ[Ã ˝ ]„XÁ]Á◊_„XÓÃ[˝ ◊[˝b^Ã
c˜cÕÃ^Á Ã[˝◊c˜Ã^Á‰ªK˜* Â]Ác˜‹ôˆ ÊªK˜ÁªRÙO_ÁªRÙO [˝Ác˜ÁV«Ã[˝„Eı [˝ÁQÕˆ›ªRÙO›Ã[˝ a[[˝Ôy H«◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ^Á[˝Tˆ›Ã^
Y“W˝ÁX Y“W˝ÁX V–rÙ[˝Ó ◊[˝bÃ^ ÂVFÁcÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜„_X* %„X„EıÃ[˝ ◊[˝`üÁa AcÕ Â^, Â^FÁ„X
Ã[˝ÁLE«ı]ÁÃ[˝ ◊aà˘ÁUÔ a[[˝ÔY“U„] [˝«à˘±ºˆ Y“Áä c˜cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜„_X, ]◊≥VÃ[˝ªRÙO› ◊PÊı ÂacÕ ÿöˆÁ„XÃ[˝
=Y„Ã[˝ %[˝◊ÿöˆTˆ* Â^ [˝l ˘Tˆ„_ [˝◊aÃ^Á ◊Tˆ◊X TgˆÁc˜Á[Ã ˝ X…TˆX W˝∂ˆÇÔ %Á◊[˝õıÁ[Ã ˝ Eı◊[Ã ˝^Ã Á◊ªK˜„_X
[˝◊_Ã^Á Â`ÁXÁ ^ÁÃ^, ÂaªRÙO› AFX [˝wÔ¯]ÁX XÁcÕ* ]◊≥V„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ [˝«à˘„V„[˝Ã[˝ AEıªRÙO›
Y“EıÁâ¯ Y“◊Tˆ]…◊wÔ¯ %Á‰ªK˜* AFÁ„X Y“ÁªJÙ›X %„`ÁEı ÂÃ[˝◊_eAÃ[˝ \ˆG¬Á[˝„`b AFXC
◊[˝VÓ]ÁX %Á‰ªK˜* cÕc˜ÁÃ[˝ %„XEıFÁ◊X %Á◊LC VÒÁQÕˆÁcÕÃ^Á %Á‰ªK˜* cÕc˜Á ◊Xfa„≥V„c˜
%„`Á„EıÃ[˝ a]EıÁ_›X A[˝e %X…ÓX V«cÕ ac˜ÿÉˆ [˝da„Ã[˝Ã[˝ Y«Ã[˝ÁTˆX* ÂÃ[˝◊_eAÃ[˝
%„XEım◊_ Y“ÿôˆÃ[˝Fâ¯ YÁ`üÔ[˝w¯fi [˝ÁQÕˆ›m◊_Ã[˝ ÂVCÃ^Á_ ªJÙÁYÁ Y◊QÕˆÃ^Á◊ªK˜_* Âam◊_
ÛÁÿöˆÁ„X %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ [˝aÁX c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜* ◊•ac˜ÿÉˆÁ◊W˝Eı [˝bÔEıÁ_ W˝◊Ã[˝Ã^Á AcÕ ]◊≥VÃ[˝ªRÙO›
a]G– Y“ÁªJÙÓ-\…ˆF„â¯Ã[˝ Â[˝Ïà˘G„SÃ[˝ AEıªRÙO› Y“W˝ÁX Tˆ›UÔ„l˘y c˜cÕÃ^Á Ã[˝◊c˜Ã^Á‰ªK˜* F f
Y…f Y“U] `TˆÁå›„Tˆ cÕc˜Á ◊X◊∂ˆÇÔTˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜_*
W˝∂ˆÇÔ, 15` aeFÓÁ, 27A %G–c˜ÁÃ^S, 1316
ÂZı„Ã[˝ÁL`Á„c˜Ã[˝ ªJÙÁ_
E«ıªJÙy‘›Ã[˝ ªJÙy‘ Â[˝ÁMıÁ VÁÃ^* ÂZı„Ã[˝ÁL`Ác˜ Â]c˜TˆÁ E«ıªJÙy‘›Ã[˝ ◊`„Ã[˝Á]◊S, ^FX
ÂLÁ„Ã[˝ YÁ„Ã[˝X XÁ, c˜PˆÁd ÂEıÁX %Y“TˆÓÁ◊`Tˆ ªJÙÁ_ ªJÙÁ◊_Ã^Á %\ˆ›rÙ◊a◊à˘ %ÁVÁÃ^ EıÃ[˝Á
TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ %\ˆÓÁa* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ _Á„c˜ÁÃ[˝ EıXÀ„\ˆ≥a„XÃ[˝ Y„XÃ[˝ ◊VX Y…„[[˝Ô Â^ %Y…[[˝Ô ªJÙÁ_
ªJÙÁ◊_Ã^Á‰ªK˜X, TˆÁc˜Á„Tˆ EıÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ◊Eı _Á\ˆ c˜cÕ„[˝, TˆÁc˜Á [˝_Á Eı◊PˆX* Â_Á„Eı %„XEı
%X«]ÁX Eı◊[Ã ˝„Tˆ‰Kª ˜, ÂEıc˜ ÂEıc˜ [˝„_, ÂZı„[Ã ˝ÁL`Ác˜ [˝Ü„V„`Ã[˝ C YtÁ„[˝[Ã ˝ %a„‹ôˆÁ„b
\ˆ›Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á Ã[˝„S \ˆÜ ◊V„Tˆ‰ªK˜X* ÿëˆ›EıÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝, Â[˝Á∂ëˆÁcÕ„Ã^Ã[˝ AcÕ AEı]Áy ◊aec˜
Eı◊_EıÁTˆÁÃ^ Â_ÁEı]„TˆÃ[˝ \ˆ„Ã^ ÂY‰ªRÙO _ÓÁL mªRÙOÁcÕÃ^Á Ã[˝Á◊FÃ^Á◊ªK˜„_X, YÁ‰ªK˜ ÂEıc˜
]ÁQÕˆÁÃ^, --- ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ _Á„c˜ÁÃ[˝ EıXÀ„\ˆ≥aX ◊aec˜ ]c˜Á`„Ã^Ã[˝ ◊X„LÃ[˝ GwÔ¯, ÂacÕFÁ„X
ÂEıÁXC \ˆ◊N˛c˜›X L‹ô«ˆÃ[˝ Y“„[˝` Eı◊PˆX %ÁcÕ„X ◊X◊bà˘* TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ %\ˆÓUÔXÁ
a◊]◊Tˆ ◊XÃ^] Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜ Â^, Âÿëˆ¨K˜Á„a[˝Eı [˝_, V`ÔEı [˝_, ÂEıc˜ YÁâ¯Á„_ =¨JÙ
`å Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝„[˝ XÁ, XÁ hiss; XÁ [˝„≥V]ÁTˆÃ[˝]À W[˝◊X, XÁ ""shame, shame'',

XÁ LÃ^LÃÊıÁÃ[˝! Â^ Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝, TˆÁc˜Á„Eı G_ÁW˝ÁhıÁ ◊VÃ^Á a\ˆÁ c˜cÕ„Tˆ [˝Á◊c˜Ã[˝ EıÃ[˝Á
c˜cÕ„[˝* ◊aec˜ ◊Eı„a„Tˆ \ˆ›Tˆ? _ÓÁL ]ÁQÕˆÁX V…„Ã[˝Ã[˝ EıUÁ, Y“\«ˆÃ[˝ EıÁ„S ÂEıÁX
◊[˝Ã[˝◊N˛a…ªJÙEı `åC ÂYgÏ◊ªK˜„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ XÁ, ªJÙÁ◊Ã[˝◊VEı ◊XÃ[˝ÁYV* %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÂEıc˜ ÂEıc˜
[˝„_, aÁÃ[˝ ÂZı„Ã[˝ÁL`Ác˜ cÕ◊â¯Ã^Á ÂEıÏ◊≥a„_Ã[˝ a\ˆÓ c˜cÕ„Tˆ %Ác…˜Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜X, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝
Ã[˝ÁL\ˆ◊N˛Ã[˝ ªJÙÃ[˝] ◊[˝EıÁ„`Ã[˝ ªJÙÃ[˝] Y«Ã[˝ïıÁÃ[˝ c˜Á„Tˆ Y◊QÕˆ„Tˆ‰ªK˜, ÂacÕ„c˜T«ˆ %ÁÃ[˝
EıXÀ„\ˆ≥a„XÃ[˝ a\ˆÁY◊Tˆ c˜cÕ„Tˆ ◊Tˆ◊X %l˘]* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ Y„XÃ[˝ ◊VX ◊[˝_∂ëˆ ]Áy, aÁÃ[˝
ÂZı„Ã[˝ÁL`Ác˜ ◊Eı ATˆ ◊Xú«ˆÃ[˝ ◊YTˆÁ, Â^ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ %ÁV„Ã[˝Ã[˝ EıXÓÁÃ[˝ Â`b Ã[˝l˘Á Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á
ÿëˆ„GÔ ^ÁcÕ„Tˆ %a∂ˆÇTˆ c˜cÕ„[˝X, G[˝SÔ„]∞ªRÙOC ◊Eı EıXÀ„\ˆ≥a„XÃ[˝ ]…_Ó Â[˝Á„MıX XÁ?
AcÕ %Á[˝`ÓEı›^Ã EıÁ„^ÔÓ[Ã ˝ LXÓ ÂZı„Ã[˝ÁL`Ác˜„Eı Y„XÃ[˝ ◊VX Kª ˜« Rª Ù›O ◊V„[˝X XÁ? %Á]Ã[˝ÁC
AEıªRÙO› %X«]ÁX Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á [˝◊aÃ^Á◊ªK˜* `ÁaX aeïıÁ„Ã[˝ a]ÿôˆ ◊c˜≥V«a+“VÁÃ^ %a‹ô«ˆ rÙ
C y«‘à˘ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜, ÂacÕ EıUÁ ÂZı„Ã[˝ÁL`Á„c˜Ã[˝ %p˚ÁTˆ X„c˜ %UªJÙ `ÁaX aeïıÁÃ[˝
C G[˝SÔ„]‰∞ªRÙOÃ[˝ %X«G–„c˜Ã[˝ Â_Á\ˆ ÂVFÁcÕÃ^ÁcÕ ◊Tˆ◊X a«Ã[˝Á‰ªRÙO ]c˜Áa\ˆÁ ◊•Fâ¯
Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜„_X* TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Y„Ã[˝ [˝Ü„V„`Ã[˝ Y“◊Tˆ◊X◊W˝GS„Eı ATˆ Ã[˝÷ªRÕÙ\ˆÁ„[˝ %[˝]ÁXXÁ
Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X Â^, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á _Á„c˜Á„Ã[˝ ◊GÃ^Á %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ %Y]Á◊XTˆ c˜cÕ„Tˆ %◊X¨K«˜Eı*
ÂZı„Ã[˝ÁL`Ác˜ ÿëˆÃê [˝„_X Â^, mÃ[˝”TˆÃ[˝ Ã[˝ÁLX›◊TÊı EıÁÃ[˝„S ◊Tˆ◊X a\ˆÁY◊TˆYV
TˆÓÁG Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X* cÕc˜ÁcÕ ◊Eı ÂacÕ Ã[˝ÁLX›◊TÊı EıÁÃ[˝S X„c˜? YVTˆÓÁ„GÃ[˝ Zı„_ ^◊V
a«„Ã[˝X [˝Á[˝«Ã[˝Á EıXÀ„\ˆ≥a„X Â^ÁG ◊V„Tˆ Ã[˝ÁL› c˜X, `ÁaX aeïıÁÃ[˝ G–c˜„SÃ[˝ ÂVÁb
Â]c˜TˆÁÃ[˝ \ˆÁ„G XÁ Y◊QÕˆÃ^Á a]ÿôˆ ]W˝ÓY‹öˆ›V„_ a]\ˆÁ„[˝ ◊[˝\ˆN˛ c˜Ã^, AcÕ %Á`Á*
[˝Ü„V„`Ã[˝ ]W˝ÓY‹öˆ›G„SÃ[˝ %X«Y◊ÿöˆ◊Tˆ„Tˆ Â]c˜TˆÁ[Ã ˝ a\ˆÁY◊Tˆ„±ºˆ %îaeFÓEı Y“◊Tˆ◊X◊W˝
•ÁÃ[˝Á `ÁaX aeïıÁÃ[˝ ^◊V G c˜›Tˆ c˜Ã^, aeïıÁ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ V`Á C EıXÀ„\ˆ≥a„XÃ[˝ V`ÁC %◊Tˆ
Â`ÁªJÙX›Ã^ c˜cÕ„[˝* ÂZı„Ã[˝ÁL`Á„c˜Ã[˝ cÕ¨K˜Á, [˝Ü„V„`Ã[˝ Y“◊Tˆ◊X◊W˝GS„Eı _Á„c˜Á„Ã[˝ c˜Á◊LÃ[˝
EıÃ[˝ÁcÕÃ^Á TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ •ÁÃ[˝Á ◊X„LÃ[˝ EıÁ^ÔÓ c˜Á◊a_ Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝X, ÿëˆÃê [˝Ü„V`›Ã^ ◊`Fâ¯›Ã[˝
Y∏JÙÁd mä\ˆÁ„[˝ ^«à˘ Eı◊[Ã ˝„[˝X* X‰ªJÙd E«ıJª Ùy‘›Ã[˝ ◊`„Ã[˝Á]◊S =„Å`Óc˜›X Jª ÙÁ_ Jª ÙÁ◊_„[˝X
ÂEıX?
Y…[[˝Ô[˝„Ü ◊X[[˝ÔÁªJÙX
Y…[[˝Ô[˝Ü Y“U] c˜cÕ„Tˆ Â^ ÂTˆL, aTˆÓ◊Y“Ã^TˆÁ C Ã[˝ÁLX›◊TÊı Tˆ›©¬˘V ◊rÙ ÂVFÁcÕÃ^Á
%Á◊a„Tˆ‰ªK˜, `ÁaXaeïıÁ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ YÃ[˝›l˘ÁÃ^ Â[˝ÁMıÁ ÂG_ ÂacÕ aEı_ mS ◊XG–„c˜ C
Y“„_Á\ˆ„X ◊X‰ÿôˆL c˜Ã^ XÁcÕ, Â^]X ◊ªK˜_ ÂTˆ]XcÕ Ã[˝◊c˜Ã^Á‰ªK˜* Zı◊Ã[˝VY«„Ã[˝ AEıLX
◊c˜≥V«C ◊X[[˝ÁÔ Jª ÙX Y“ÁUfi c˜X XÁc˜,O Rª ÙÁEıÁ^Ã AEıLX ]Áy ]Ã[˝_›Ã[˝ Â]Á„c˜ ]«Ñ˘ c˜c˜^ÃO Á‰ªK˜X,
]Ã^]X◊ae„c˜ Â^ Jª ÙÁ◊Ã[˝LX AcÕ [Ã ˝ÁL„\ˆÁ„GÃ[˝ %Á`ÁÃ^ Kª ˜« ◊Rª Ù^ÃO Á %Á◊aÃ^Á◊ªK˜„_X, TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝
V«cÕLX %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ ËªJÙTˆXÓ _Á\ˆ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á a◊Ã[˝Ã^Á Y◊QÕˆÃ^Á‰ªK˜X, %ÁÃ[˝ V«cÕLX %Á`Á Eı◊Ã[˝,
Ê`“Ã^fYU %[˝_∂ëˆX Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝X* %◊Tˆ %Á∏JÙ„^ÔÓÃ[˝ EıUÁ, £◊X„Tˆ◊ªK˜ %◊`üX›E«ı]Á„Ã[˝Ã[˝
[˝◊Ã[˝`Á_ aeïıÁÃ[˝-]„V ]ÁTˆÁ_ c˜cÕÃ^Á _#Á Y◊Ã[˝TˆÓÁG Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ]Ã[˝_›Ã[˝ ]„XÃ[˝ ]Tˆ
X TˆÓ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜* AcÕ V«[[˝«Ô≈◊à˘ ÂEıX? ◊X[[˝ÔÁ◊aTˆ %◊`üX›E«ı]Á„Ã[˝Ã[˝ AcÕ %Y]ÁX
ÂEıX? [˝◊Ã[˝`Á„_Ã[˝ ÂV[˝TˆÁ [˝ ◊ªRÙO` EıÁÃ[˝ÁGÁ„Ã[˝ ◊X[˝à˘, Eı◊PˆX ÂÃ[˝Á„G %Áy‘Á‹ôˆ %UªJÙ
◊[˝XÁ EıÁÃ[˝„S [˝µ«˘[˝Áµ˘[˝ C %Á±¡›„Ã^Ã[˝ Âa[˝Á-£`“÷bÁÃ^ [˝◊á˚Tˆ, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ [˝◊Ã[˝`Á_
TgˆÁc˜Á„Eı \«ˆ◊_Ã^Á Ã[˝ÁLY«Ã[˝”b„VÃ[˝ ÊY“„]Ã[˝ [˝ÁLÁ„Ã[˝ ◊X„L„Eı ◊[˝y‘› Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ ªK«˜◊ªRÙO_*
◊ªK˜! `›H– AcÕ V«∂ˆÇÔ◊Tˆ TˆÓÁG EıÃ[˝, YÁ‰ªK˜ [˝Ü„V` [˝◊Ã[˝`Á_„Eı =Yc˜Áa Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á
[˝„_, [˝ UÁ %◊`üX›E«ı]ÁÃ[˝ a]ÿôˆ L›[˝X [˝◊Ã[˝`Á_[˝Áa›„Eı ]X«bÓ±ºˆ ◊Eı TˆÁc˜Á ◊`l˘ÁÃ^
C V rÙÁ„‹ôˆ ÂVFÁcÕ„Tˆ FÁ◊ªRÙOÃ^Á‰ªK˜X, [˝ UÁ Â`„b ÿëˆÃê ÂV„`Ã[˝ ◊c˜TˆÁ„UÔ [˝◊_ c˜cÕÃ^Á
Y◊QÕˆÃ^Á‰ªK˜X*
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AcÕ %Y]ÁX◊Y“Ã^TˆÁ ÂEıX? ◊ªJÙ◊QÕˆÃ^ÁFÁXÁÃ^ Y“„[˝` ◊Eı ATˆ Â_Á\ˆX›Ã^?
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Y“W˝ÁX [˝µ«˘ C ◊c˜TÊıwÔ¯Á _QÔˆ Eı#¤X [˝Ü\ˆÜ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á a«ä LÁ◊Tˆ„Eı LÁGÁcÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜„_X,
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LÁXÁcÕÃ^Á„ªK˜X Â^, ÂZı„Ã[˝ÁL`Ác˜ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ YVTˆÓÁ„GÃ[˝ EıÁÃ[˝S LÁXÁcÕ„Tˆ %a∂ˆÇTˆ*
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◊`„Ã[˝ ÂZı„Ã[˝ÁL`Á„c˜Ã[˝ &„`Ô Y«SÓ]Ã^ Y◊Ã[˝TˆÓN˛ ]Á_Á ÂacÕ Y◊[˝y EıÃ[˝Eı]_ c˜cÕ„Tˆ
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Â[˝Ü_›Ã[˝ =◊N˛
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]L◊_„aÃ[˝ a\ˆÁY◊Tˆ
Â]c˜TˆÁÃ[˝ YVTˆÓÁ„G [˝Ü„V`›Ã^ ]W˝ÓY‹öˆ›GS AcÕ Y“[˝_ %Á`ÁÃ^ =dZ«ı{
c˜cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜„_X Â^, AcÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ [˝«◊Mı a«„Ã[˝X[˝Á[˝«Ã[˝ YÁ_Á, AcÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ [˝Ü„V„`Ã[˝ ]W˝ÓY‹öˆ›
ÂXTˆÁ EıXÀ„\ˆ≥a„XÃ[˝ a\ˆÁY◊Tˆ c˜cÕ„[˝X, [˝ÃÊıªRÙO Y“ÿôˆÁ[˝ G c˜›Tˆ c˜cÕ„[˝, [˝Ü„V„`Ã[˝
◊LTˆ c˜cÕ„[˝* %Á`ÁcÕ ]W˝ÓY‹öˆ›Ã[˝ a∂ëˆ_, a◊c˜b«’TˆÁ TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ Y“W˝ÁX mS! ^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á
ac˜ÿÉˆ[˝ÁÃ[˝ Â`üTˆÁ„ÜÃ[˝ %ÁX≥V]Ã^ YVY“c˜ÁÃ[˝ Â\ˆÁG Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÊY“] Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ ªK«˜◊ªRÙOÃ^Á
^ÁX, ac˜ÿÉˆ[˝ÁÃ[˝ %Á`ÁÃ^ Y“TˆÁ◊Ã[˝Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á aG„[[˝Ô [˝„_X, %Á]Ã[˝Á AFXC ◊XÃ[˝Á`
X◊c˜, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á Âÿëˆ¨K˜ÁªJÙÁÃ[˝› ÿëˆ„V`[˝Áa›Ã[˝ HX HX %Y]Á„X _ç˘aep˚ c˜cÕ„[˝X %U[˝Á
Â]c˜TˆÁ ]L◊_„aÃ[˝ [˝Ü◊[˝„•„b L#¤◊Ã[˝Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^ÁC ◊`◊F„[˝X A[˝e %Á±¡a∂ˆÇÁX
[˝LÁÃ^ Ã[˝Á◊F[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÊªJÙrÙÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝X, AcÕ %Á`Á EıÃ[˝Á [˝ UÁ* Â]c˜TˆÁÃ[˝ ]L◊_a Eıe‰G–aC
X„c˜, EıXÀ„\ˆ≥aXC X„c˜, ^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á Â]c˜TˆÁÃ[˝ a«„Ã[˝ GÁX Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝X, Â]c˜TˆÁÃ[˝ YVY{„[˝
ÿëˆÁW˝›X ]Tˆ C %Á±¡a∂ˆÇÁX ◊[˝y‘Ã^ Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝X, TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝cÕ LXÓ AcÕ ]L◊_a*
^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á AcÕ Â]c˜TˆÁ-Y…LÁÃ[˝ ""y‘›Qˆ'' ÿëˆ›EıÁÃ[˝ XÁ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á Y“„[˝` Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝X, %XÁc…˜Tˆ
%◊Tˆ◊UÃ[˝ XÓÁÃ^ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á %Y]Á◊XTˆ c˜cÕ„[˝X A[˝e ^◊V %Y]Á„XC [˝` XÁ c˜X,
Â`„b G_ÁW˝ÁhıÁC FÁcÕÃ^Á ÂacÕ aÜ Y◊Ã[˝TˆÓÁG Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ [˝ÁW˝Ó c˜cÕ„[˝X* TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á ◊Eı
\ˆÁ◊[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X Â^ YVTˆÓÁG Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^ÁC ]L◊_„aÃ[˝ EıSÔW˝ÁÃ[˝ c˜Á_ ªK˜Á◊QÕˆÃ^Á‰ªK˜X? %Á]Ã[˝Á
TˆFXcÕ [˝«◊Mı„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜, ]VX„]Ác˜XcÕ a\ˆÁY◊Tˆ c˜cÕ„[˝X* ]L◊_„aÃ[˝ YÃ[˝„]`üÃ[˝
ÂacÕ %Áp˚Á ◊VÃ^Á‰ªK˜X, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Â[˝Á∂ëˆÁcÕ[˝Áa› %Áp˚Á[˝c˜]â¯_› ÂV`„Eı AcÕ %Áp˚Á
LÁXÁc˜^ÃO Á‰ªK˜X, %_ c˜◊O â¯^Ã Á Eıe‰G–a Eı◊]ªRÙ›O C ]ÁUÁ YÁ◊Tˆ^Ã Á‰ªK˜* [˝Ü„V„`Ã[˝ %îLX
Y“◊Tˆ◊X◊W˝ ◊X^«N˛ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜X --- Eı◊_EıÁTˆÁÃ^ C ªRÙÁEıÁÃ^, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ %XÓy aÁQÕˆÁ `å
XÁcÕ* EıÃ^LX ^ÁcÕ„[˝X LÁ◊X XÁ* ^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á ^ÁcÕ„[˝X, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á cÕc˜Á LÁ◊XÃ^Á ^ÁcÕ„[˝X,
Â^ %Á]Ã[˝Á [˝ ◊ªRÙO` cÕ◊â¯Ã^ÁX %ÓÁ„aÁ◊a„Ã^`„XÃ[˝ Y“◊Tˆ◊X◊W˝ c˜cÕÃ^Á ^ÁcÕ„Tˆ◊ªK˜* TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á
[˝Ü„V„`Ã[˝ Y“◊Tˆ◊X◊W˝ X„c˜X*
◊[˝_Á„Tˆ Ã[˝Ár—Ù◊[˝Y¿[˝
◊[˝_Á„Tˆ Y«Ã[˝ÁTˆX [˝ ◊ªRÙO` Ã[˝ÁLTˆ‹óˆ _cÕÃ^Á Â^ ]c˜ÁX aeHbÔ %ÁÃ[˝ç˘ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜,
TˆÁc˜Á[Ã ˝ Y…[[˝_Ô l˘SC =G– C \ˆ›◊Tˆ-aá˚ÁÃ[˝Eı* c˜eO _„â¯[Ã ˝ Â_ÁEı]Tˆ ◊Eı[Ã ˝÷„Y =„w¯◊LTˆ
C y«‘à˘ c˜cÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜, TˆÁc˜Á Ã[˝Ã^ªRÙO„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ae[˝Á„V ◊VX ◊VX Y“EıÁ` YÁcÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜* %„XEı
◊VX Y„Ã[˝ ÂacÕ ÂV„` Y“E ıTˆ Ã[˝ÁLX›◊TÊı =„w¯LXÁ C V„_ V„_ ◊[˝„•b ÂVFÁ
◊VÃ^Á‰ªK˜* Y“U] aÁW˝ÁÃ[˝STˆf ^Ác˜Á c˜Ã^ TˆÁc˜Á c˜cÕ_, --- =VÁÃ[˝X›◊TÊı ]‹óˆ› ◊]f
=„Ã[˝[Ã ˝ [˝N˛ TˆÁ[Ã ˝ a]„Ã^ Jª Ù›dEıÁ[Ã ˝ C ◊[˝„[Ã ˝ÁW˝EıÁ[Ã ˝›„VÃ[˝ Gâ¯„GÁ„_Ã[˝ [˝ÁW˝Á, Y„Ã[˝ [˝_Y“„^Ã Á„G
a\ˆÁ\ˆ„ÜÃ[˝ ÊªJÙrÙÁ* Ã[˝l˘S`›_ V„_Ã[˝ [˝N˛ÁGSC ◊[˝„`bTˆf L◊]VÁÃ[˝[˝GÔ, Y“LÁÃ[˝
%a„‹ôˆÁ„b ÂacÕÃ[˝÷Y [˝ÁW˝Á YÁcÕ„Tˆ _Á◊G„_X, AFX ]«FÓ ]«FÓ ]‹óˆ› C ◊[˝FÓÁTˆ
[˝N˛Á ◊\ˆ~ ÂEıÁXC Ã[˝l˘S`›_ Ã[˝ÁLX›◊Tˆ◊[˝V %[˝Á„W˝ ÿëˆ]Tˆ Y“EıÁ„`Ã[˝ %[˝aÃ[˝
YÁcÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜X XÁ, %„XEı a\ˆÁÃ^ AEıªRÙOÁ EıUÁC [˝◊_„Tˆ ÂVCÃ^Á c˜Ã^ XÁcÕ* Eı„ÃÊı
ÿöˆÁ„X a«Ã[˝ÁªRÙO ]c˜Áa\ˆÁÃ[˝ %◊\ˆXÃ^ ◊[˝_Á„Tˆ %◊\ˆX›Tˆ c˜cÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜* AFX ÂV◊F„Tˆ◊ªK˜
[˝QÕˆ [˝QÕˆ Ã[˝l˘S`›_ Ã[˝ÁLX›◊Tˆ◊[˝VC [˝ÁW˝Á YÁcÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜X* %ÁÃ[˝C =G– _l˘S ÂVFÁ
◊VÃ^Á‰ªK˜, Y“ÁSc˜Á◊XÃ[˝ ÊªJÙrÙÁ* =„Ã[˝[Ã ˝ AEıRª Ù›O a\ˆÁ^Ã ÂacÕ H„Ã[˝[Ã ˝ EıÁ‰ªJÙ[Ã ˝ VÃ[˝LÁ AEıYE“ ıÁ[Ã ˝
battering ram •ÁÃ[˝Á ªJ…ÙSÔ◊[˝ªJ…ÙSÔ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜, %„XEı Â_ÁEı %Ác˜Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜X* %ÁÃ[˝
AEıRª Ù›O [Ã ˝l˘S`›_ a\ˆÁ^Ã [˝„_ a\ˆÁ\ˆÜ Eı[Ã ˝Á c˜c˜^ÃO Á‰ªK˜, ÂacÕ V„_Ã[˝ ÿöˆÁ◊XEı Eı∂ˆÇEÔ ıw¯Ô Á„Eı
◊XÅ¤Ã^ Y“c˜Á„Ã[˝ %‰ªJÙTˆX EıÃ[˝Á c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜, ◊X[[˝ÔÁªJÙXY“ÁUfi Y_ÁÃ^XY…[[˝ÔEı ◊[˝Y„VÃ[˝ c˜ÁTˆ
c˜cÕ„Tˆ Ã[˝l˘Á YÁcÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜X* AcÕ aEı_ _l˘S Ã[˝Ár—Ù◊[˝Y¿„[˝Ã[˝, --- ◊VX ◊VX Â^ =G–
ÿëˆÃ[˝÷Y W˝ÁÃ[˝S Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜, a„≥Vc˜ c˜Ã^, ◊X[[˝ÔÁªJÙ„XÃ[˝ a]„Ã^ Ã[˝l˘S`›_ ◊X[[˝ÔÁªJÙEı[˝GÔ„Eı
Â\ˆÁªRÙO ◊V„Tˆ ÂVÁCÃ^Á c˜cÕ„[˝ ◊Eı XÁ*
ÂGÁF„_Ã[˝ ]«FV`ÔX
ÂGÁF„_ ]c˜Á`„Ã^Ã[˝ a…◊TÊıÁ %„`ÏªJÙ H«◊ªJÙÃ^Á ◊GÃ^Á‰ªK˜, %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ ]«F ÂVFÁcÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜X,
TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ %]…_Ó [˝ÁS›C Â`ÁXÁ ◊GÃ^Á‰ªK˜* LÁTˆ›Ã^ Y„l˘Ã[˝ X ◊aec˜ ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ]◊S ÂEı_EıÃ[˝
V«rÙÁ-aÃ[˝ÿˆë Tˆ›[Ã ˝ %Á„[˝„` X[˝ [˝Ó[˝ÿˆö ÁYEı a\ˆÁ^Ã ◊X[[˝ÁÔ Jª ÙXY“ÁUfi c˜c˜^ÃO Á◊ªK˜„_X, Â[˝Á∂ëˆÁc˜„O ^Ã [Ã ˝
_ÁªRÙO ÂEı_EıÃ[˝„Eı %„^ÁGÓ [˝Ó◊N˛ [˝◊_Ã^Á TgˆÁc˜Á[Ã ˝ ◊X[[˝ÁÔ Jª ÙX-_Á_aÁ ◊X„bW˝ Eı◊Ã[˝^Ã Á‰ªK˜X,
cÕc˜Á„Tˆ ÂEı_EıÃ[˝„EıC _#Á Y◊Ã[˝TˆÓÁG Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á _ÁªRÙO aÁ„c˜[˝„Eı aÁ◊W˝„Tˆ ◊GÃ^Á◊ªK˜„_X,
_ÁªRÙO aÁ„c˜[˝C AcÕ %Á[˝VÁ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ =Y^«N˛ =w¯Ã[˝ ◊VÃ^Á‰ªK˜X* %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ÂGÁYÁ_E ıb’
\ˆÁ◊[˝„_X, Â[˝` c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜, G[˝SÔ„]∞ªRÙO cÕc˜Á◊VG„Eı Eı‰PˆÁÃ[˝ C ◊XÅ¤Ã^\ˆÁ„[˝ ◊XG–c˜
EıÃ[˝”Eı, %Á◊] ÂacÕ %[˝a„Ã[˝ TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ a◊c˜Tˆ AEıªR«ÙO ÊY“] Eı◊Ã[˝, %Á]ÁÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝
Â_Á„EıÃ[˝ Â^ H SÁ C Ây‘ÁW˝ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜ TˆÁc˜Á Eı◊]Ã^Á ^ÁcÕ„TˆC YÁ„Ã[˝* %TÂ[˝ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝
""V◊l˘S a\ˆÁ''Ã[˝ %◊W˝„[˝`„X ÂGÁF„_ ÂEı_Eı„Ã[˝Ã[˝ Yl˘ a]UÔX Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ [˝µ«˘
zıÁEÔı„Eı ]W˝«Ã[˝ \ˆdÔaXÁ £XÁcÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜X* [˝◊_Ã^Á‰ªK˜X, ÂEı_EıÃ[˝ %„^ÁGÓ X„c˜X, Â^ÁGÓ
[˝Ó◊N˛, ÂGÁF„_ TgˆÁc˜Á„Eı Â^Ï[˝XEıÁ_ c˜cÕ„Tˆ ◊ªJÙ◊X„Tˆ‰ªK˜X, =w¯] ◊aZıÁÃ[˝a ◊V„Tˆ
YÁ„Ã[˝X, ÂEı_Eı[Ã ˝ [Ã ˝ÁL‰V–Ác˜› X„c˜X, ◊[˝Eı Tˆ]◊ÿôˆõı X„c˜X, _ÁªRÙO aÁ„c˜[˝ %Á[˝Á[Ã ˝ ◊[˝„[˝Jª ÙXÁ
Eı◊Ã[˝„_ \ˆÁ_ c˜Ã^*
ÂGÁF„_Ã[˝ ÿëâ‹ôˆÁX a]UÔX
ÂGÁF„_ ]c˜Á`Ã^ ◊X„LÃ[˝ aeïıÁ[Ã ˝[Ã ˝÷Y a‹ôˆÁ„XÃ[˝ EıUÁC [˝◊_Ã^Á‰ªK˜X* [˝◊_Ã^Á‰ªK˜X,
%Á]ÁÃ[˝ ◊Y“Ãâ‹ôˆÁX F«[˝ a«≥VÃ[˝ ÊªK˜„_, `Á‹ôˆ ◊`rÙ ÊªK˜„_, a]ÿôˆ ÂV„`Ã[˝ %ÁV„Ã[˝Ã[˝
Â^ÁGÓ, Tˆ„[˝ G[˝SÔ„]∞ªRÙO TˆÁc˜Á„Eı Â^ ÂÃ[˝m„_`XÃ[˝÷Y [˝ÿóˆ Y◊Ã[˝W˝ÁX EıÃ[˝ÁcÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜X,
TˆÁc˜Á„TˆcÕ ÂGÁ_, ÂaÁSÁÃ[˝ªJgÙÁ„VÃ[˝ Ã[˝÷Y Y“EıÁ` YÁÃ^ XÁ* l˘◊Tˆ XÁcÕ, ÂaÁSÁÃ[˝ªJgÙÁV„Eı
%ÁVÃ[˝ EıÃ[˝, ÂYÁbS EıÃ[˝, [˝ÿóˆ Eı◊VX UÁ◊Eı„[˝, `›H– Y◊Ã[˝YÁªRÙO› Â[˝`\…ˆbÁ YÃ[˝ÁcÕÃ^Á
TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ◊X„Å¤Áb ÂaÏ≥V^ÔÓ aEı_„Eı ÂVFÁcÕ[˝* Â[˝Á∂ëˆÁcÕ„Ã^Ã[˝ _ÁªRÙOC AcÕ =Y„V`

◊VÃ^Á‰ªK˜X, ÂV` ◊Eı ATˆcÕ %\ˆV– C Ã[˝ÁL‰V–Ác˜› c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜ Â^ _Á‰ªRÙOÃ[˝ %X«„Ã[˝ÁW˝
%]ÁXÓ Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝? ÂGÁF„_Ã[˝ =Y^«N˛ EıUÁ [˝‰ªRÙO*
^«N˛ ]c˜Áa\ˆÁ
%Á]Ã[˝Á ÂV`„Eı LÁXÁcÕ„Tˆ V«f◊FTˆ c˜cÕ_Á] Â^ ^«N˛ ]c˜Áa\ˆÁ c˜cÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ Â_`]Áy
aêˆÁ[˝XÁ XÁcÕ* ßG_› Y“Á„V◊Èı a\ˆÁÃ^ Â^ Eı◊]ªRÙO› ◊X^«N˛ c˜cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜_, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ÊªJÙrÙÁ
◊[˝Zı_ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜* Eı◊]ªRÙO›Ã[˝ Y“U] %◊W˝„[˝`„X ]W˝ÓY‹öˆ›V„_Ã[˝ Y“◊Tˆ◊X◊W˝GS AcÕ
Y“ÿôˆÁ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„_X Â^ GTˆ [˝da„Ã[˝ %] Tˆ[˝ÁLÁÃ[˝ %Á◊Zı„a Â^ ◊Tˆ XªRÙO› ]«FÓ Y“ÿôˆÁ[˝
◊ÿöˆ[Ã ˝ c˜c˜^ÃO Á◊ªK˜_, Âac˜mO ◊_ _c˜^ÃO Á %Á[˝`ÓEı›Ã^ Y◊Ã[˝[˝w¯Ô XY…[[˝EÔ ı %Á[˝Á[Ã ˝ Â[˝Á∂ëˆÁc˜[O ˝Áa›Ã[˝
a◊c˜Tˆ Â_FÁ„_◊F ªJÙ_«Eı* AcÕ ◊TˆXªRÙO› Y“ÿôˆÁ[˝ AcÕÃ[˝÷Y, --- LÁTˆ›Ã^ Yl˘ y‘›Qˆ
ÿëˆ›EıÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝, LÁTˆ›Ã^ Yl˘ EıXÀ„\ˆ≥a„XÃ[˝ ◊XÃ^]Á[˝_› ÿëˆ›EıÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝ ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ÂacÕ
◊XÃ^]Á[˝_› ]c˜Áa\ˆÁÃ^ G c˜›Tˆ c˜cÕ„[˝, Eı◊_EıÁTˆÁ %◊W˝„[˝`„XÃ[˝ ªJÙÁ◊Ã[˝ Y“ÿôˆÁ[˝ ]c˜Áa\ˆÁÃ^
G c˜›Tˆ c˜cÕ„[˝* ÂacÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ ^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á ]c˜ÁÃ[˝Ár—Ù›Ã^ LÁTˆ›Ã^ Y„l˘Ã[˝ Y“◊Tˆ◊X◊W˝ c˜cÕÃ^Á
%Á◊aÃ^Á◊ªK˜„_X, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á ]c˜Áa\ˆÁ„Eı %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ [˝ÃÊıªRÙO G–c˜S EıÃ[˝ÁcÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ _Á_aÁÃ^
y‘›Qˆ C EıX◊rÙ◊ªRÙO=`X ÿëˆ›EıÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ a∂ˆÇTˆ c˜cÕ„_X* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ÂZı„Ã[˝ÁL`Ác˜ Â]c˜TˆÁ
◊EıªK«˜„TˆcÕ Eı◊_EıÁTˆÁ ]c˜Áa\ˆÁÃ[˝ [˝ÃÊıªRÙO Y“ÿôˆÁ[˝ G–c˜S Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ a∂ˆÇTˆ c˜cÕ„_X XÁ*
AcÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ ]W˝ÓY‹öˆ› Y“◊Tˆ◊X◊W˝G„SÃ[˝ AcÕ Y“ÿôˆÁ[˝ ◊ªK˜_ Â^ ^FX ÂZı„Ã[˝ÁL`Ác˜
[˝ÃÊıªRÙO G–c˜„S %a∂ˆÇTˆ, TˆFX Y“ÿôˆÁ[˝ ªJÙT«ˆ rÙ„Ã^Ã[˝ EıUÁ ÂTˆÁ_Á [˝ UÁ, ^«N˛ ]c˜Áa\ˆÁÃ[˝
◊[˝bÃ^ ◊X[[˝ÔÁªJÙX a◊]◊Tˆ„Tˆ %Á]Ã[˝Á [˝ÃÊı‰ªRÙOÃ[˝ LXÓ ÊªJÙrÙÁ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝, AFX ªJÙÁ◊YÃ^Á
Ã[˝Á◊F* y‘›Qˆ ◊[˝XÁ %ÁY◊w¯„Tˆ ÿëˆ›EıÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á a◊c˜ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ c˜cÕ„[˝* EıXÀ„\ˆ≥a„XÃ[˝
◊XÃ^]Á[˝_›C ]Á◊X„Tˆ c˜cÕ„[˝, Tˆ„[˝ ◊XÃ^]Á[˝_› ae„`ÁW˝X Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ _Á„c˜Á„Ã[˝
AEıªRÙO› Eı◊]ªRÙO› ◊X^«N˛ c˜=Eı* LÁTˆ›Ã^Y„l˘Ã[˝ Y“◊Tˆ◊X◊W˝GS AcÕ %‡«ˆTˆ Y“ÿôˆÁ„[˝ a‹ô«ˆrÙ
c˜cÕ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝X XÁcÕ A[˝e `“›^«N˛ %Ã[˝◊[˝≥V ÂHÁb AcÕ &rÙ =w¯Ã[˝ ◊V„_X Â^ ◊Tˆ◊X
EıFXC y‘›„Qˆ a◊c˜ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ a∂ˆÇTˆ c˜cÕ„[˝X XÁ, Tˆ„[˝ Â^ Y“ÿôˆÁ[˝ EıÃ[˝Á c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜,
Eı„ÃÊı◊VX ◊[˝„[˝ªJÙXÁ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á C ◊XÃ^]Á[˝_› ◊XÃ[˝›l˘S Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á AcÕ Y“ÿôˆÁ„[˝Ã[˝ ◊Eı
Y◊Ã[˝[˝wÔ¯X %Á[˝`ÓEı, TˆÁc˜Á ]W˝ÓY‹öˆ›GS„Eı LÁXÁcÕ„[˝X* ◊ÿöˆÃ[˝ c˜cÕ_ Â^ Y…LÁÃ[˝
ªK«˜◊ªRÙOÃ[˝ Y„Ã[˝ Eı◊]ªªRÙO› %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ [˝◊aÃ^Á ÂEıÁXC ◊ÿöˆÃ[˝ ◊aà˘Á‹ôˆ Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝X* ªK«˜◊ªRÙOÃ[˝ Y„Ã[˝
LÁTˆ›Ã^Y„l˘Ã[˝ Y“◊Tˆ◊X◊W˝GS AcÕ Y“ÿôˆÁ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„_X Â^ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á EıXÀ„\ˆ≥a„XÃ[˝ =„Å`Ó
]c˜Áa\ˆÁÃ[˝ =„Å`Ó [˝◊_Ã^Á ÿëˆ›EıÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝X, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ◊XL ]Tˆ [˝◊_Ã^Á EıFX ÿëˆ›EıÁÃ[˝
Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝X XÁ, ÂacÕ a·¯›SÔ =„Å„`Ó EıFX %Á[˝à˘ c˜cÕ„Tˆ a∂ˆÇTˆ c˜cÕ„[˝X XÁ A[˝e
y‘›„Qˆ EıFX a◊c˜ Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝X XÁ; TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á EıXÀ„\ˆ≥a„XÃ[˝ ◊XÃ^]Á[˝_› ]c˜Áa\ˆÁÃ[˝
EıX◊rÙ◊ªRÙO=`X [˝◊_Ã^Á ÿëˆ›EıÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝X XÁ, Tˆ„[˝ ◊]_„XÃ[˝ a«◊[˝W˝ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ AEıªRÙO› [˝Á
V«cÕªRÙO› %◊W˝„[˝`X ÂacÕ ◊XÃ^„]Ã[˝ %W˝›„X Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ a∂ˆÇTˆ c˜cÕ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝X* Â^ ◊XÃ^„]
X…TˆX a\ˆÁ-a◊]◊Tˆ◊VG„Eı Y“◊Tˆ◊X◊W˝ ◊X[[˝ÔÁªJÙ„X %a]UÔ EıÃ[˝Á c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜, ÂacÕ ◊XÃ^]
Ã[˝V Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ c˜cÕ„[˝ A[˝e ^«N˛ ]c˜Áa\ˆÁÃ[˝ ◊•Tˆ›Ã^ %◊W˝„[˝`„X AcÕ ◊XÃ^]Á[˝_›Ã[˝
[˝V„_ Y“E ıTˆ EıX◊rÙ◊ªRÙO=`X ]c˜Áa\ˆÁÃ^ G–c˜S Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ c˜cÕ„[˝* TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á Eı◊_EıÁTˆÁÃ[˝
Y“ÿôˆÁ[˝ ªJÙT«ˆrÙÃ^ ◊]_„XÃ[˝ awÔ¯ [˝◊_Ã^Á G–c˜S EıÃ[˝ÁcÕ„[˝X XÁ, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ]W˝ÓY‹öˆ› ÂXTˆÁ„VÃ[˝
◊XEıªªRÙO AcÕ Y“◊Tˆp˚Á ªJÙÁX Â^ ◊[˝bÃ^ ◊X[[˝ÔÁªJÙX a◊]◊Tˆ„Tˆ [˝Á ]c˜Áa\ˆÁÃ^ AcÕ ªJÙÁ◊Ã[˝
Y“ÿôˆÁ„[˝Ã[˝ EıUÁ =xÁYX Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ Y…SÔ %[˝aÃ[˝ ÂVCÃ^Á c˜cÕ„[˝* ◊•Tˆ›Ã^[˝ÁÃ[˝ ^FX
Eı◊]ªªRÙO› ◊]◊_Tˆ c˜cÕ_, ]W˝ÓY‹öˆ› ÂXTˆÁGS AcÕ Y“ÿôˆÁ[˝ G–c˜„S a∂ˆÇTˆ c˜cÕ„_X XÁ,
TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á [˝◊_„_X y‘›„Qˆ a◊c˜ Eı◊Ã[˝„TˆcÕ c˜cÕ„[˝, X‰ªJÙd ◊]_„XÃ[˝ ÊªJÙrÙÁ [˝ UÁ* y‘›Qˆ
C ◊XÃ^]Á[˝_› ]Á◊XÃ^Á %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ a◊c˜Tˆ _Á„c˜Á„Ã[˝ Jª Ù_, Âac˜FO Á„X ◊XÃ^]Á[˝_› ae„`ÁW˝„XÃ[˝
Eı◊]ªªRÙO› ◊X^«N˛ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ ÂLV Eı◊Ã[˝[˝* LÁTˆ›Ã^Y„l˘Ã[˝ Y“◊Tˆ◊X◊W˝GS y‘›„Qˆ
a◊c˜ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ %ÿëˆ›E ıTˆ c˜cÕ„_X* ^«N˛ ]c˜Áa\ˆÁ c˜cÕ_ XÁ*
%Á]Ã[˝Á [˝Á[Ã ˝e[˝Á[Ã ˝ [˝◊_Ã^Á◊ªK˜, [˝Ü„V„`Ã[˝ LÁTˆ›^Ã Yl˘ EıFXC Â]c˜TˆÁ ]L◊_a„Eı
]c˜Áa\ˆÁ [˝◊_Ã^Á ÿëˆ›EıÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝ XÁ, ÂacÕ ]L◊_„a ªR«Ù◊Eı[˝ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ _Á_Á◊Ã^Tˆ X„c˜,
y‘›„Qˆ a◊c˜ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ ÂEıÁXC EıÁ„_ Ã[˝ÁL› c˜cÕ„[˝ XÁ* ]W˝ÓY‹öˆ› ÂXTˆÁG„SÃ[˝ Y“ÿôˆÁ„[˝Ã[˝
%UÔ AcÕ Â^ LÁTˆ›Ã^ Yl˘ ÂVÁb ÿëˆ›EıÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ◊XL ]Tˆ C aTˆÓ◊Y“Ã^TˆÁ„Eı
L_Át◊_ ◊VÃ^Á, Â]c˜TˆÁ ÂGÁF„_Ã[˝ ◊XEıªªRÙO ÂLÁQÕˆc˜ÁTˆ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á aÁrÙÁÜ X]ïıÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ
Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ ]L◊_„a ªR«Ù◊Eı„[˝, ÂacÕFÁ„X %îaeFÓEı LÁTˆ›Ã^ Y„l˘Ã[˝ Y“◊Tˆ◊X◊W˝ [˝ß-
aeFÓEı ]W˝ÓY‹öˆ›„VÃ[˝ %X«G–c˜ ◊\ˆl˘Á Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝X* ÂEıX Â^ LÁTˆ›Ã^ Yl˘ ATˆ c˜›XTˆÁ
C %Á±¡Á[˝]ÁXXÁ Y“EıÁ` Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝X, TˆÁc˜Á %Á]Ã[˝Á [˝«◊Mı XÁ* ]W˝ÓY‹öˆ›GS ◊Eı cÕc˜ÁcÕ
◊ÿöˆÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X Â^ LÁTˆ›Ã^ Yl˘ V«cÕ [˝da„Ã[˝Ã[˝ Eı◊PˆX C ◊XÅ¤Ã^ ◊XG–„c˜ \ˆ›Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á
Â]c˜TˆÁ ]L◊_„aÃ[˝ `Ã[˝S _cÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ =XΩw¯ [˝ÁaXÁÃ^ ◊]_XÁEıÁIl˘› c˜cÕ„_X? ^FX
V«cÕ YÃ[˝&Ã[˝◊[˝„Ã[˝ÁW˝› Yl˘ Ã[˝◊c˜Ã^Á‰ªK˜, cÕc˜Á ◊Eı EıFX aêˆ[˝ Â^ AEı Yl˘ ◊[˝Y„l˘Ã[˝
a]ÿôˆ %Á[˝VÁÃ[˝ ac˜Ó Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ◊X„LÃ[˝ a]ÿôˆ ]Tˆ %ÁY◊w¯ C =¨JÙ %Á`Á„Eı \«ˆ◊_Ã^Á
◊[˝Y„l˘Ã[˝ YVÁXTˆ c˜cÕ„[˝? GTˆ [˝da„Ã[˝ %] Tˆ[˝ÁLÁÃ[˝ %Á◊Zı„a Â^ Y“ÿôˆÁ[˝ EıÃ[˝Á
c˜cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜_ --- ÂacÕ Y“ÿôˆÁ„[˝ [˝Ü„V`›Ã^ LÁTˆ›Ã^ Yl˘ a∂ˆÇTˆ ◊ªK˜„_X XÁ --- TˆÁc˜Á„TˆC
`“›^«N˛ ]◊Tˆ_Á_ ÂHÁb Eı◊_EıÁTˆÁÃ[˝ Y“ÿôˆÁ[˝ªJÙT«ˆrÙÃ^ Ã[˝l˘Á Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜„_X, AcÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝

TˆÁc˜ÁC ]W˝ÓY‹öˆ›G„SÃ[˝ Y“ÿôˆÁ„[˝ Ã[˝◊l˘Tˆ ◊ªK˜_ XÁ* LÁTˆ›Ã^ Y„l˘Ã[˝ AEıªªRÙO› EıUÁC
UÁ◊Eı„[˝ XÁ, ]W˝ÓY‹öˆ›„VÃ[˝ EıUÁ Y…SÔ]ÁyÁÃ^ ÿëˆ›EıÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ c˜cÕ„[˝, cÕc˜ÁcÕ AcÕ %‡«ˆTˆ
a◊µ˘Ã[˝ ◊\ˆ◊w¯*
◊[˝◊– Rª ÙÒ aÁ∂ÉˆÁ„LÓ DY◊X„[˝◊Èı ÿëˆÁ^Ã w¯`ÁaX ]c˜Áa\ˆÁ[Ã ˝ VÁ◊[˝ [˝◊_Ã^Á Eı◊_EıÁTˆÁ^Ã
◊ÿöˆ[Ã ˝ c˜c˜^ÃO Á◊ªK˜_* ^◊VC c˜cO ˜Á„Tˆ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ]Tˆ ◊ªK˜_ XÁ, TÛÁ◊Y %◊W˝EıÁe` Y“◊Tˆ◊X◊W˝[Ã ˝
]Tˆ [˝◊_Ã^Á %Á]Ã[˝Á cÕc˜ÁcÕ ]Á◊XÃ^Á _cÕ_Á]* a«Ã[˝Á‰ªªRÙO %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ EıXÀ„\ˆ≥a„X ◊ÿöˆÃ[˝ c˜Ã^
Â^ ^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á AcÕ %ÁV`Ô Ã[˝ÁLX›◊TÊı Â`b =„Å`Ó [˝◊_Ã^Á ÿëˆ›EıÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ Ã[˝ÁL›
XX, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á Y“„[˝` Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝„[˝X XÁ* y‘›„Qˆ a◊c˜ EıÃ[˝Á A[˝e AcÕ Tˆ„√º¯ ]Tˆ
ÂVCÃ^Á AEıcÕ EıUÁ* Y“U]Tˆf, %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ^Ác˜Á„Tˆ ]Tˆ XÁcÕ, TˆÁc˜Á„Tˆ %Á]Ã[˝Á a◊c˜
Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ ÂEıX? W˝∂ˆÇÔ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ AEı]Áy ac˜ÁÃ^, ÂacÕ W˝∂ˆÇÔ„Eı L_Át◊_ ◊VÃ^Á Â]c˜TˆÁÃ[˝
]Xÿô«ˆ◊rÙÃ[˝ LXÓ \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ %a„‹ôˆÁb %#¤X Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ ÂEıX? ◊•Tˆ›Ã^ EıUÁ, ^◊V [˝_,
]c˜Áa\ˆÁÃ[˝ VÁ◊[˝ ]c˜Áa\ˆÁÃ[˝ =„Å„`Ó Y◊Ã[˝STˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜, %ÁÃ[˝ ÂEıÁXC Y◊Ã[˝[˝wÔ¯X
EıÃ[˝Á c˜Ã^ XÁcÕ, ÿëˆ›EıÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝ XÁ ÂEıX? TˆÁc˜Á„TˆC ◊]_„XÃ[˝ %Á`ÁÃ^ Ã[˝ÁL› c˜cÕ„Tˆ
YÁ◊Ã[˝, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ y‘›„Qˆ a◊c˜ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ XÁ* \ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝ ]c˜Áa\ˆÁ, ]W˝ÓY‹öˆ›Ã[˝C X„c˜, LÁTˆ›Ã^
Y„l˘Ã[˝C X„c˜, \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ[˝Áa› ^Ác˜Á„Eı Y“◊Tˆ◊X◊W˝ [˝◊_Ã^Á ◊X[[˝ÔÁªJÙX Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝X, TˆÁc˜Á„Eı
Y“◊Tˆ◊X◊W˝ [˝◊_Ã^Á G–c˜S Eı◊Ã[˝„TˆcÕ c˜cÕ„[˝, X‰ªJÙd ÂTˆÁ]Ã[˝Á ]c˜Áa\ˆÁ Xc˜, ]W˝ÓY‹öˆ›Ã[˝
YÃ[˝Á]`Ô a\ˆÁ ]Áy* \ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝ ]c˜Áa\ˆÁ, ]W˝ÓY‹öˆ›Ã[˝ X„c˜, \ˆ›Ã[˝”Ã[˝C X„c˜* y‘›„Qˆ
a◊c˜ EıÃ[˝Á„XÁÃ[˝ %UÔ AcÕ Â^ \ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝ ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁY“Ã^Áa› ÿëˆÁUÔTˆÓÁG› aÁcã› ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝
a‹ôˆÁX \ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝ ]c˜Áa\ˆÁÃ^ Y“„[˝` Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ %„^ÁGÓ* y‘›„Qˆ a◊c˜ EıÃ[˝ÁÃ^ LÁTˆ›Ã^
%ÁV„`ÔÃ[˝ %Y]ÁX, LÁTˆ›Ã[˝ %Y]ÁX, LÁTˆ›Ã^TˆÁÃ[˝ %Y]ÁX, ]ÁT ˆ\ˆN˛ ◊XG c˜›Tˆ
\ˆÁÃ[˝Tâ‹ôˆÁX„VÃ[˝ %Y]ÁX EıÃ[˝Á c˜cÕ„[˝*
ÂTˆÁ]Á„VÃ[˝ ◊XÃ^]Á[˝_› Âÿëˆ¨K˜ÁªJÙÁÃ[˝ C Y“LÁTˆ„‹óˆÃ[˝ ◊XÃ^]\ˆ„ÜÃ[˝ ÿˆÇ ◊Tˆ◊ªJÙc˜‘* EıFX
]c˜Áa\ˆÁÃ^ G c˜›Tˆ c˜Ã^ XÁcÕ, %UªJÙ Eı„ÃÊıLX [˝QÕˆ Â_Á„EıÃ[˝ cÕ¨K˜ÁÃ^ ]c˜Áa\ˆÁ ÂacÕ
◊XÃ^]Á[˝_›„Tˆ [˝à˘ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÊªJÙrÙÁ* %Á]Ã[˝Á ^◊V TˆÁc˜Á„Eı EıX◊rÙ◊ªRÙO=`X [˝◊_Ã^Á
]Á◊X, TˆÁc˜Á c˜cÕ„_ ÂTˆÁ]Á„VÃ[˝ ÂacÕ ÂV„`Ã[˝ %◊c˜TÊıÃ[˝ ÊªJÙrÙÁ aZı_ c˜cÕ_* TÛÁ◊Y
^◊V V«cÕ [˝da„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ]„W˝Ó ]c˜Áa\ˆÁÃ^ Y“E ıTˆ ◊XÃ^]Á[˝_› ◊_◊Y[˝à˘ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ Y“◊Tˆp˚Á[˝à˘
c˜C, %Á]Ã[˝Á EıXÀ„\ˆ≥a„XÃ[˝ [˝wÔ¯]ÁX ◊XÃ^]Á[˝_› %ÿöˆÁÃ^› [˝Ó[˝ÿöˆÁ [˝◊_Ã^Á ÿëˆ›EıÁÃ[˝
Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ a∂ˆÇTˆ* ÂEı[˝_ AEı ◊XÃ^] =PˆÁcÕÃ^Á ◊V‰ªTˆ c˜cÕ„[˝ ^Ác˜Á„Tˆ LÁTˆ›Ã^ Y„l˘Ã[˝
Y“◊Tˆ◊X◊W˝Ã[˝ Y“„[˝` EıÁ^ÔÓTˆf ◊X◊bà˘ c˜Ã^* AcÕ ◊XÃ^] XÁ =PˆÁcÕ„_ [˝ßaeFÓEı
]W˝ÓY‹öˆ›Ã[˝ V„_ ]«◊rÙ„]Ã^ LÁTˆ›Ã^ Y„l˘Ã[˝ Y“◊Tˆ◊X◊W˝ ◊Eı Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ ^ÁcÕ„[˝X? cÕeÃ[˝ÁL„VÃ[˝
`ÁaX aeïıÁ„Ã[˝ AcÕÃ[˝÷Y ◊XÃ^] EıÃ[˝Á c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜ [˝◊_Ã^Á ÂTˆÁ]Ã[˝Á ◊[˝_Á„Y C Y“◊Tˆ[˝Á„V
◊VIÀ¯]â¯_ ◊[˝W[˝◊XTˆ EıÃ[˝; Ã[˝ÁLY«Ã[˝”bGS %Á]Á◊VG„Eı [˝ÃÊıªªRÙO Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X [˝◊_Ã^Á
◊X[[˝ÔªÁJÙXY“ÁUfi c˜cÕ„Tˆ %a∂ˆÇTˆ c˜C* ÂTˆÁ]Á„VÃ[˝C AcÕ %XÓÁÃ^ ◊XÃ^]-aeïıÁ„Ã[˝Ã[˝
=„Å`Ó %Á]Á◊VG„Eı ]c˜Áa\ˆÁ c˜cÕ„Tˆ [˝◊c˜õıÁÃ[˝ EıÃ[˝Á* AcÕ ◊XÃ^] ^Tˆ◊VX UÁ„Eı,
%Á]Ã[˝Á ÂEıX ÂTˆÁ]Á„VÃ[˝ [˝Ó[˝ÿöˆÁYEı a\ˆÁÃ^ [˝◊a„Tˆ ^ÁcÕ[˝? AcÕ ◊XÃ^] =PˆÁcÕ„Tˆ ^◊V
%a∂ˆÇTˆ c˜C, %Á]Ã[˝Á [˝«◊Mı[˝ Â^ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ a◊c˜Tˆ ◊]◊_Tˆ c˜cÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ EıUÁ ◊]UÓÁ,
£à˘ ◊X„LÃ[˝ ÂEıÁX aÁ]◊ÃÊı ÿëˆÁUÔ◊a◊à˘Ã[˝ LXÓ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ %îaeFÓEı Â_ÁEı„Eı
Y“„[˝` Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ %Á‚º˜ÁX Eı◊Ã[˝„TˆªK˜*
LÁTˆ›Ã^ Y„l˘Ã[˝ Y“◊Tˆ◊X◊W˝G„SÃ[˝ Y“ÿôˆÁ[˝ XÓÁÃâÜTˆ C ◊]_„X¨K˜ÁÃ^ Y◊Ã[˝Y…SÔ*
TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á ]c˜Áa\ˆÁÃ[˝ =„Å`Ó C EıXÀ„\ˆ≥a„XÃ[˝ ◊XÃ^]Á[˝_› ^TˆV…Ã[˝ YÁÃ[˝Á ^ÁÃ^, TˆTˆV…Ã[˝
]Á◊XÃ^Á _cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜X, ◊X„LÃ[˝ ]„TˆÃ[˝ ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁ, a„TˆÓÃ[˝ ]^ÔÓÁVÁ, ÂV„`Ã[˝ ◊c˜„TˆÃ[˝ LXÓ
^Ác˜Á [Ã ˝l˘S›Ã^, TˆÁc˜Á [Ã ˝l˘Á Eı◊Ã[˝^Ã Á‰ªK˜X, TˆÁc˜Á„Tˆ ]W˝ÓY‹öˆ›„VÃ[˝ ÂEıÁXC Y“Eı Tˆ %a«◊[˝W˝Á
c˜cÕ„[˝ XÁ, Ã[˝ÁLY«Ã[˝”bGSC ]c˜Áa\ˆÁ„Eı Ã[˝ÁL‰V–Ác˜›„VÃ[˝ a◊∂ˆÇ_X› [˝◊_„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝„[˝X
XÁ, ]c˜Áa\ˆÁÃ[˝ EıÁ„^ÔÓC ÂEıÁX ÂGÁ_ c˜cÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ aêˆÁ[˝XÁ XÁcÕ* %ÁVÁX-Y“VÁX a◊µ˘Ã[˝
◊XÃ^]* AEı Y„l˘ ÂEı[˝_cÕ %ÁVÁX, %YÃ[˝Y„l˘ ÂEı[˝_cÕ Y“VÁX, AcÕ ◊XÃ^] ÂEıÁX
ÂV„`Ã[˝! [˝Á AcÕ ◊XÃ^„] Eı„[˝ Y“E ıTˆ ◊]_ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜* ^◊V %Á]Ã[˝Á ^«„à˘ YÃ[˝Á◊LTˆ,
a◊µ˘◊\ˆl˘Á Y“ÁUfi c˜cÕTˆÁ], TˆÁc˜Á c˜cÕ„_ ]W˝ÓY‹öˆ›„VÃ[˝ %Á[˝VÁÃ[˝ [˝«◊MıTˆÁ]; %Á]Ã[˝Á
YÃ[˝Á◊LTˆ X◊c˜, ◊\ˆl˘ÁY“ÁUfiC X◊c˜* ÂV„`Ã[˝ ◊c˜„TˆÃ[˝ LXÓ, ÂV`[˝Áa›Ã[˝ [˝ÁaXÁ [˝◊_Ã^Á
^«N˛ ]c˜Áa\ˆÁ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÊªJÙrÙÁÃ^ Y“[˝ w¯ c˜cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜_Á] --- X‰ªJÙd %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ [˝_ %Á‰ªK˜,
ÂTˆL %Á‰ªK˜, aÁcã %Á‰ªK˜, \ˆ◊[˝bÓd %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ Y„l˘, ÂV`[˝Áa› %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ Y„l˘,
^«[˝Eı]â¯_› %Á]Á„VÃ[˝cÕ, %Á]Ã[˝Á ÿëˆTˆ‹óˆ\ˆÁ„[˝ VÒÁQÕˆÁcÕ„Tˆ a[[˝ÔVÁ Y“ÿô«ˆTˆ*
W˝∂ˆÇÔ, 17` aeFÓÁ, 12cÕ ÂYÏb, 1316

Y“ÿöˆÁX
_Á„c˜Á„Ã[˝Ã[˝ W˝X›Y«Ü[˝ c˜Ã[˝◊EıaX_Á„_Ã[˝ ◊X]‹óˆS Ã[˝l˘Á Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ ^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á Y“ÿöˆÁX
Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X, EıXÀ„\ˆ≥aX ^„p˚ ]Ã[˝_›Ã[˝ `“›ªJÙÃ[˝„S ÿëˆ„V`„Eı [˝◊_ ◊V„Tˆ, `ÁaXaeïıÁÃ[˝
ÂYbS^„‹óˆ LXΩ\…ˆ◊]Ã[˝ \ˆÁ[˝› BEıÓ C ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁ ◊Y◊bÃ^Á Fâ¯ Fâ¯ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ [˝◊aÃ^Á‰ªK˜X
[˝◊_Ã^Á \ˆÁÃ[˝Tâ◊ªJÙ[˝„Eı W˝XÓ[˝ÁV ◊V„Tˆ ^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á aÁX„≥V ]c˜Áa«„F X TˆÓ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ
^ÁcÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜X, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á ÂV„`Ã[˝ ÂXTˆÁ, a§Á‹ôˆ, W˝X›„_ÁEı, ÂV„` TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ ""Stake''
%Á‰ªK˜, a∂ˆÇÁX %Á‰ªK˜, Y“◊TˆY◊w¯ %Á‰ªK˜* Â[˝ÁW˝ c˜Ã^ AcÕ W˝Xa+◊w¯ a∂ˆÇÁX Y“◊TˆY◊w¯
c˜eO [Ã ˝ÁL„VÃ[˝ Vw¯, ]Á„Ã^[Ã ˝ Vw¯ X„c˜ [˝◊_Ã^Á TgˆÁc˜Á[Ã ˝Á E ıTˆHT¬ ˆÁ %Y[˝Á„VÃ[˝ \ˆ„^Ã LXΩ\…ˆ◊]„Eı
=„Yl˘Á Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ]Ã[˝_›„EıcÕ \ˆ◊L„Tˆ‰ªK˜X* V◊Ã[˝V– ]Á AEı◊V„Eı, [˝Ã[˝VÁTˆÁ, `Á◊‹ôˆÃ[˝l˘Eı,
a+◊w¯Ã[˝l˘Eı G[˝SÔ„]∞ªRÙO %YÃ[˝◊V„Eı, ^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á ]Á„Eı \ˆÁ_[˝Á„aX, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á AEı◊V„Eı
^ÁcÕ„[˝X; ^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á ◊X„L„Eı \ˆÁ_[˝Á„aX, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á %YÃ[˝◊V„Eı ^ÁcÕ„[˝X; ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ %ÁÃ[˝
V«cÕ◊V„Eı UÁ◊Eı[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÊªJÙrÙÁ Â^X XÁ Eı„Ã[˝X, V«cÕ ◊V„EıÃ[˝ ÂVÃ^ Y«Ã[˝ïıÁÃ[˝ C a«◊[˝W˝Á Â\ˆÁG
Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ V«Ã[˝Á`Á Â^X ÂYÁbS XÁ Eı„Ã[˝X* ^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á EıXÀ„\ˆ≥a„X Â^ÁGVÁX Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ
Y“ÿöˆÁX Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á ◊XL Â_ÁEı◊Y“Ã^TˆÁ, ÂV`[˝Áa›Ã[˝ c˜÷V„Ã^ Y“◊TˆY◊w¯ C
ÂV`◊c˜ÍTˆ◊bTˆÁÃ[˝ ÂGÏÃ[˝[˝ YVTˆ„_ V_X Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ÂacÕ E«ıÿöˆÁ„X ªK«˜◊ªRÙO„Tˆ‰ªK˜X* AcÕ
Y“ÿöˆÁX TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ Ã[˝ÁLX›◊TÊı ]c˜ÁY“ÿöˆÁX*
c˜Ã[˝◊EıaX_Á„_Ã[˝ %Y]ÁX
ÂTˆLÿëˆ› ÿëˆ„V`◊c˜ÍTˆb› cÕeÃ[˝ÁL EıFXC ÂV`‰V–Ác˜›Ã[˝ a∂ˆÇÁX Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ \ˆÁ_[˝Á„aX
XÁ* ^◊V ÿëˆ›Ã^ =„Å`Ó◊a◊à˘Ã[˝ LXÓ Eı„ÃÊı◊VX Â]Ï◊FEı \ˆV–TˆÁ C Y“›◊Tˆ ÂVFÁX,
TÛÁ◊Y c˜÷V„Ã^ %[˝p˚Á C %a∂ˆÇÁ„XÃ[˝ \ˆÁ[˝ _«hıÁ◊Ã^Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á UÁ„Eı* YtÁ„[˝Ã[˝
c˜Ã[˝◊EıaX_Á_ ]„X Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜„_X, %Á◊] Ã[˝ÁLY«Ã[˝”b„VÃ[˝ %Tˆ›[˝ ◊Y“Ã^, YtÁ„[˝Ã[˝
Â_ÁEı]Tˆ V_X Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á EıXÀ„\ˆ≥aX Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ◊ªK˜, Ã[˝ÁLY«Ã[˝”b„VÃ[˝ aÁc˜Á„^Ó ÿëˆ„V`›
[˝ÿô«ˆÃ[˝ Y“V`ÔX› Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ◊ªK˜, G[˝SÔ„]‰∞ªRÙOÃ[˝ ◊XEıªªRÙO %Á]ÁÃ[˝ aEı_ %ÁåÁÃ[˝ Ã[˝◊l˘Tˆ c˜cÕ„[˝*
c˜Ã[˝◊EıaX_Á_ YtÁ[˝ ◊[˝`ü◊[˝VÓÁ_„Ã^Ã[˝ Y“◊Tˆ◊X◊W˝ c˜cÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ _Á_Á◊Ã^Tˆ, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝
XÁ]C ◊X[[˝ÔÁªJÙX-Y“ÁUfi„VÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó EıÃ[˝Á c˜cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜_* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ÂEıÁX ◊XÃ^]\ˆ„ÜÃ[˝ LXÓ
ÂacÕ XÁ] G–c˜S EıÃ[˝Á c˜Ã^ XÁcÕ* cÕc˜Á„Tˆ _Á_ÁL›Ã[˝ Y“Á„S [˝QÕˆ [˝ÓUÁ _Á◊GÃ^Á‰ªK˜*
EıXÀ„\ˆ≥a„XÃ[˝ c˜Ã[˝◊EıaX_Á_, G[˝SÔ„]‰∞ªRÙOÃ[˝ c˜Ã[˝◊EıaX_Á_, Y“◊Tˆ◊X◊W˝ c˜cÕ„[˝X XÁ,
XÁ] Y^ÔÓ‹ôˆ G–c˜S Eı„Ã[˝ XÁcÕ, A ◊EıÃ[˝÷Y EıUÁ, EıÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ATˆ [˝QÕˆ W˝ rÙTˆÁ, Ã[˝'a
G[˝SÔ„]∞ªRÙO„Eı ◊_◊F, aEı_„Eı ]LÁ ÂVFÁcÕ[˝* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ c˜Ã[˝◊EıaX_Á„_Ã[˝ %Á„[˝V„X
◊[˝YÃ[˝›Tˆ Zı_ c˜cÕ_* YtÁ[˝ G[˝SÔ„]∞ªRÙO _Á_ÁL›„Eı %YVÿöˆ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á AEı EıUÁÃ^
TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ %Á„[˝VX %G–Ác˜Ó Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á [˝◊_Ã^Á‰ªK˜X, ◊XÃ^] %X«aÁ„Ã[˝ c˜Ã[˝◊EıaX_Á„_Ã[˝ XÁ]
Y“TˆÓÁFÓÁTˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜, Y“TˆÓÁFÓÁTˆcÕ UÁ◊Eı„[˝* XÓÁ^Ó EıUÁ, [˝Ó◊N˛Ã[˝ FÁ◊Tˆ„Ã[˝ ◊XÃ^]\ˆÜ
a\ˆÓ Ã[˝ÁLTˆ„‹óˆÃ[˝ Y“UÁ X„c˜* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ c˜Ã[˝◊EıaX_Á_ ^FX ]Ã[˝_› C ◊]‰∞ªRÙO ÁÃ[˝ ]Xÿô«ˆ◊rÙÃ[˝
LXÓ Y“ÁSY„S FÁ◊ªªRÙOÃ^Á‰ªK˜X, XÁ] Y“TˆÓÁFÓÁX Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ Y…„[[˝Ô TgˆÁc˜Á„Eı aTÊÔı Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ
YÁ◊Ã[˝„TˆX, \«ˆ_ ae„`ÁW˝X EıÃ[˝Á ^ÁcÕTˆ* %Á]Ã[˝Á [˝«◊Mı, LÁ◊XÃ^Á £◊XÃ^Á AcÕ %Y]ÁX
EıÃ[˝Á c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜, ]W˝ÓY‹öˆ›V_„Eı ◊`FÁcÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ EıÃ[˝Á c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜* Ã[˝ÁLY«Ã[˝”„bÃ[˝Á
]W˝ÓY‹öˆ›◊VG„Eı ÿëˆY„l˘ %ÁEıbÔS Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ ªJÙÁX, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ◊EıÃ[˝÷Y ]W˝ÓY‹öˆ›? Â^ ]W˝ÓY‹öˆ›
AEıc˜Á„Tˆ G[˝SÔ„]‰∞ªRÙOÃ[˝ YÁ ◊ªªRÙO◊Y„Tˆ, AEı c˜Á„Tˆ G_Á ◊ªªRÙO◊Y„Tˆ %\ˆÓÿôˆ, G[˝SÔ„]‰∞ªRÙOÃ[˝
◊X≥VÁC Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝X, TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ %X«G–„c˜Ã[˝ VÁXC %ÁVÁÃ^ Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝X, ÂacÕÃ[˝÷Y ]W˝ÓY‹öˆ›Ã[˝
%ÁÃ[˝ cÕeÃ[˝Á„LÃ[˝ [˝ÁLÁ„Ã[˝ VÃ[˝ XÁcÕ* a+…SÔ Ã[˝ÁL\ˆN˛, a+…SÔ ac˜EıÁ◊Ã[˝TˆÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝X,
Âac˜[ÃO ˝÷Y ]W˝ÓY‹öˆ› c˜C, X‰ªJÙd Jª Ù[Ã ˝]Y‹öˆ›[Ã ˝ XÓÁÃ^ ÂTˆÁ]Ã[˝ÁC [˝◊c˜õı Tˆ c˜c˜„O [˝* X…TˆX
ÂEıÏ◊≥a„_Ã[˝ ◊XÃ^]Á[˝_›Ã[˝ Â^ =„Å`Ó, c˜Ã[˝◊EıaX_Á„_Ã[˝ %Y]ÁX Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝C ÂacÕ
=„Å`Ó*
%Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ LÁG
[˝Ü[˝Áa›, %„XEı◊VX H«]ÁcÕÃ^Á Ã[˝◊c˜Ã^ÁªK˜, Â^ X[˝-LÁGÃ[˝S c˜cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜_, Â^ X[˝-
Y“ÁS aá˚ÁÃ[˝Eı %Á„≥VÁ_X a]ÿôˆ \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ„Eı %Á„≥VÁ◊_Tˆ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜_, TˆÁc˜Á ◊X‰ÿôˆL
c˜cÕÃ^Á Y◊QÕˆÃ^Á‰ªK˜, ◊∂ÉˆÃ^]ÁS %[˝ÿöˆÁÃ^, %à˘¤-◊X[[˝ÔÁSY“Áä %◊G¬Ã[˝ XÓÁÃ^ %î %î
Lù◊_„Tˆ‰ªK˜* AFX a·¯ªRÙOÁ[˝ÿöˆÁ, ^◊V [˝gÁªJÙÁcÕ„Tˆ ªJÙÁC, ◊]UÓÁ \ˆÃ^, ◊]UÓÁ E…ıªRÙOX›◊Tˆ C
%Á±¡Ã[˝l˘ÁÃ[˝ ÊªJÙrÙÁ [˝#¤X Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ÂEı[˝_cÕ ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ ]«„FÃ[˝ ◊V„Eı ªJÙÁ◊c˜Ã^Á %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝
a◊∂ˆÇ◊_Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á EıÁ„^ÔÓ _ÁG* Â^ ◊]_„XÃ[˝ %Á`ÁÃ^ ATˆ◊VX %„Yl˘Á Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜_Á],
Âa %Á`Á [˝ÓUÔ* ]W˝ÓY‹öˆ›V_ LÁTˆ›Ã^ Y„l˘Ã[˝ a◊c˜Tˆ ◊]◊_Tˆ c˜cÕ„Tˆ ªJÙÁÃ^ XÁ, G–Áa
Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ ªJÙÁÃ^* ÂacÕÃ[˝÷Y ◊]_„XÃ[˝ Zı„_ ^◊V ÂV„`Ã[˝ ◊c˜Tˆ c˜cÕTˆ, %Á]Ã[˝Á [˝ÁW˝Á ◊VTˆÁ]
XÁ* ^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á aTˆÓ◊Y“Ã^, ]c˜ÁX %ÁV„`ÔÃ[˝ ÊY“Ã[˝SÁÃ^ %X«Y“Á◊STˆ, \ˆG[˝ÁX C W˝∂ˆÇÔ„Eı
AEı]Áy ac˜ÁÃ^ [˝◊_Ã^Á Eı∂ˆÇÔ„l˘‰y %[˝Tˆ›SÔ, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á XÁ c˜Ã^ a◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ^ÁcÕ„TˆX,
^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á E…ıªRÙOX›◊TˆÃ[˝ %Á`“Ã^ _cÕ„Tˆ a∂ˆÇTˆ, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á ]W˝ÓY‹öˆ›„VÃ[˝ a◊c˜Tˆ Â^ÁGVÁX
Eı◊[Ã ˝^Ã Á, Â]c˜TˆÁ[Ã ˝ %Á◊W˝YTˆÓ, ]Ã[˝_›Ã[˝ %Áp˚Á ◊`„Ã[˝ÁW˝Á^ÔÓ Eı◊[Ã ˝^Ã Á ÂV„`Ã[˝ ◊c˜Tˆ Eı◊[Ã ˝„TˆX*
◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ÂacÕÃ[˝÷Y E…ıªRÙOX›◊Tˆ„Tˆ \ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝ =à˘ÁÃ[˝ c˜cÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ X„c˜* W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ [˝„_, aÁc˜„aÃ[˝
[˝„_, a„TˆÓÃ[˝ [˝„_ \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ =◊Pˆ„[˝* %TÂ[˝ ^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á LÁTˆ›Ã^TˆÁÃ[˝ ]c˜ÁX %ÁV„`ÔÃ[˝
LXÓ a[[˝Ôÿëˆ TˆÓÁG Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ Y“ÿô«ˆTˆ, ^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á LXX›„Eı %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ LG„TˆÃ[˝ `›bÔÿöˆÁX›Ã^Á
`◊N˛`Á◊_X›, p˚ÁXVÁ◊Ã^X›, ◊[˝`ü]Ü_EıÁ◊Ã[˝S› B`ü◊Ã[˝Eı `◊N˛ [˝◊_Ã^Á ]ÁX[˝LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝
a∂ˆÇ„« F Y“EıÁ` Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ =da«Eı, TgˆÁc˜Á[Ã ˝Á ◊]◊_Tˆ c˜=X, W˝∂ˆÇ[Ô ˝„_, TˆÓÁG[˝„_ [˝_›Ã^ÁX
c˜cÕÃ^Á ]ÁT ÊıÁ^ÔÓ %ÁÃ[˝êˆ EıÃ[˝”X* ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ a‹ôˆÁX! %ÁV`Ô}rÙ c˜cÕÃ^ÁªK˜, %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ W˝∂ˆÇÔY„U
Aa* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ %ÁÃ[˝ =ÅÁ] =„w¯LXÁÃ[˝ [˝„` Â^X ÂEıÁX EıÁ^ÔÓ XÁ EıÃ[˝, aEı„_ ◊]◊_Ã^Á
AEı Y“◊Tˆp˚Á, AEı Y‹öˆÁ, AEı =YÁÃ^ ◊Xà˘¤ÁÃ[˝S Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ^Ác˜Á W˝∂ˆÇÔaÜTˆ, ^Ác˜Á„Tˆ
ÂV„`Ã[˝ ◊c˜Tˆ %[˝`ÓêˆÁ[˝›, TˆÁc˜ÁcÕ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ ◊`F*
XÁ◊a„Eı F«X
XÁ◊aEı[˝Áa› aÁ[˝Ã[˝EıÃ[˝ Eı„ÃÊıªªRÙO› =ÅÁ] Eı◊[˝TˆÁ ◊_◊FÃ^Á‰ªK˜X [˝◊_Ã^Á cÕeÃ[˝ÁL
◊[˝ªJÙÁÃ[˝Á_„Ã^ ^Á[˝#›[˝X •›YÁ‹ôˆ„Ã[˝ V◊â¯Tˆ c˜cÕ„_X, aÁ[˝Ã[˝Eı„Ã[˝Ã[˝ AEıLX %î[˝Ã^ïı
[˝µ«˘ XÁ◊a„EıÃ[˝ Eı„_kÙÃ[˝ LÓÁEÀıaX„Eı c˜TˆÓÁ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Y“◊Tˆ„`ÁW˝ _cÕ„_X*
Ã[˝ÁLX›◊TÊı c˜TˆÓÁ a∂ëˆ„µ˘ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ]Tˆ %Á]Ã[˝Á Y…„[[˝ÔcÕ Y“EıÁ` Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜, [˝ÁÃ[˝
[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÂacÕ EıUÁÃ[˝ Y«XÃ[˝Á[˝ ◊w¯ EıÃ[˝Á [˝ UÁ* cÕeÃ[˝Á„LÃ[˝ Y◊≈yEıÁaEı_ Ây‘Á„W˝ %W˝›Ã[˝
c˜cÕÃ^Á a]ÿôˆ \ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ AcÕ c˜TˆÓÁÃ[˝ ÂVÁb %Á„Ã[˝ÁY Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á G[˝SÔ„]∞ªRÙO „Eı
%ÁÃ[˝C Eı‰PˆÁÃ[˝ =YÁÃ^ %[˝_∂ëˆX Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ %X«„Ã[˝ÁW˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜X* cÕc˜ÁÃ[˝ %UÔ ÂVÁb›
◊X„Å¤Áb›„Eı ◊[˝ªJÙÁÃ[˝ XÁ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ^Ác˜Á„Eı a„≥Vc˜ EıÃ[˝, TˆÁc˜Á„Eı W˝Ã[˝, ^Ác˜Á„Eı W˝Ã[˝,
TˆÁc˜Á„Eı ◊X[[˝ÁÔ ◊aTˆ Eı[Ã ˝, •›YÁ‹ôˆ„[Ã ˝ YÁªPˆÁC, ZgıÁa›EıÁ„úˆ M«ı_ÁC* ^gÁc˜Á[Ã ˝Á G[˝S„Ô ]‰∞ªRÙ[ÃO ˝
◊[˝Ã[˝”„à˘ =¨JÙ[˝ÁªJÙÓ Eı„Ã[˝X, TgˆÁc˜Á◊VG„Eı ◊Xf„`b EıÃ[˝* ÂV„` Y“GÁªRÕÙ %µ˘EıÁÃ[˝, G\ˆ›Ã[˝
X›Ã[˝[˝TˆÁ, YÃ[˝] ◊XÃ[˝Á`Á [˝ÓÁä Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ÂZı_«Eı, --- TˆÁc˜Á„TˆcÕ ^◊V Ã[˝ÁL‰V–Á„c˜Ã[˝
ÿˆè«ı◊_ÜaEı_ %ÁÃ[˝ Y“EıÁ` XÁ c˜Ã^, mä [˝◊c˜‘ ◊X◊[˝Ã^Á ^ÁÃ^* AcÕ =XΩ„w¯Ã[˝ Y“_ÁY
£◊XÃ^Á, [˝ ◊ªRÙO` Ã[˝ÁLX›◊TˆÃ[˝ Â`ÁªJÙX›Ã^ %[˝X◊Tˆ ÂV◊FÃ^Á VÃ^Á c˜Ã^, ◊[˝ÿˆÇÃ^C c˜Ã^* ^◊V
ÂacÕ Y«Ã[˝ÁTˆX Ã[˝ÁLX›◊TÊı E«ı`_TˆÁÃ[˝ \ˆG¬Áe`C UÁ◊EıTˆ, ÂTˆÁ]Ã[˝Á LÁ◊X„Tˆ Â^
%µ˘EıÁ„Ã[˝cÕ c˜TˆÓÁEıÁÃ[˝›Ã[˝ a«◊[˝W˝Á, X›Ã[˝[˝TˆÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó =XΩw¯ Ã[˝Ár—Ù◊[˝Y¿[˝EıÁÃ[˝›Ã[˝ ◊Yÿôˆ_
C Â[˝Á]ÁÃ[˝ `å HX HX Â`ÁXÁ ^ÁÃ^, ◊XÃ[˝Á`ÁcÕ mä a◊]◊TˆÃ[˝ %Á`Á* ^Ác˜Á„Tˆ
AcÕ Ã[˝ÁLX›◊TÊı c˜TˆÓÁ %[˝_∂ëˆX Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ Y“[˝ ◊w¯ ÂV` c˜cÕ„Tˆ =◊PˆÃ^Á ^ÁÃ^, %Á]Ã[˝ÁC
ÂacÕ ÊªJÙrÙÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ ªJÙÁcÕ* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ AEı]Áy =YÁÃ^, È[˝W˝ =YÁÃ^ •ÁÃ[˝Á \ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝
Ã[˝ÁLX›◊TÊı =~◊Tˆ C ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁ aÁ◊W˝Tˆ c˜cÕ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝, cÕc˜ÁcÕ EıÁ„^ÔÓ„TˆcÕ ÂVFÁX*
ÂEı[˝_ ]«„F AcÕ ◊`l˘Á ◊V„_ %ÁÃ[˝ Â_Á„Eı ◊[˝`üÁa Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝ XÁ, EıÁ„^ÔÓ„TˆC [˝«MıÁcÕ„Tˆ
c˜cÕ„[˝* ÂacÕ Y«SÓ EıÁ„^ÔÓ ÂTˆÁ]Ã[˝ÁcÕ [˝ÁW˝Á ◊V„Tˆ YÁÃ[˝* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ TˆÁc˜Á„Tˆ Â^]X %Á]Á„VÃ[˝
◊[˝XÁ` c˜cÕ„[˝, ÂTˆÁ]Á„VÃ[˝C ◊[˝XÁ` c˜cÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ aêˆÁ[˝XÁ*
W˝∂ˆÇÔ, 1ª8` aeFÓÁ, 19A ÂYÏb, 1316
]«]…b«Ô EıXÀ„\ˆ≥aX
%Á]Á„VÃ[˝ EıXÀ„\ˆ≥aX◊Y“Ã^ ]c˜ÁÃ[˝U›GS _Á„c˜Á„Ã[˝ Â]c˜TˆÁ ]L◊_a Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ
[˝à˘Y◊Ã[˝EıÃ[˝ c˜cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜„_X* YtÁ„[˝Ã[˝ Y“LÁaEı_ EıXÀ„\ˆ≥aX ªJÙÁÃ^ XÁ, XÁXÁ =YÁ„Ã^
TˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ %◊X¨K˜Á C %`“à˘Á p˚ÁYX Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜_, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ c˜Ã[˝◊EıaX_Á_ XÁ‰ªK˜ÁQÕˆ[˝Á≥VÁ*
Â_ÁEı]Tˆ V_X Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ EıXÀ„\ˆ≥a„XÃ[˝ a ◊rÙ, YtÁ„[˝Ã[˝ Â_ÁEı]Tˆ V_X Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á
Ã[˝ÁLY«Ã[˝”bG„SÃ[˝ Y“a~TˆÁÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ ◊X\ˆ¤Ã[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ^◊V _Á„c˜Á„Ã[˝ EıXÀ„\ˆ≥aX [˝aÁcÕ„Tˆ
YÁ„Ã[˝X, Tˆ„[˝ Â]c˜TˆÁ ]L◊_„aÃ[˝ %◊ÿôˆ±ºˆ aÁUÔEı c˜Ã^* AcÕ c˜PÊıÁ◊Ã[˝TˆÁÃ[˝ ^„UrÙ
Y“◊TˆZı_ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜* a]ÿôˆ \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ[˝bÔ c˜cÕ„Tˆ Â]ÁªRÙO ◊Tˆ X` Y“◊Tˆ◊X◊W˝ Â]c˜TˆÁ ]L◊_„a
=Y◊ÿöˆTˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜„_X A[˝e V`ÔEı[˝ „≥VÃ[˝ aeFÓÁ ATˆ Eı] ◊ªK˜_ Â^ XÁ◊Tˆ[˝ c˜d [˝–ÁV_Á
c˜„_Ã[˝ %„à˘¤Eı\ˆÁG ]Áy Y◊Ã[˝Y…SÔ c˜cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜_* AcÕ `…XÓ ]◊≥V„Ã[˝ AcÕ %î Y…L„EıÃ[˝
c˜TˆÁ` Y«„Ã[˝Á◊c˜TˆGS [˝ ◊ªRÙO` Ã[˝ÁL_©ø›„Eı XÁXÁX ÿôˆ[˝ ÊÿôˆÁ‰y a‹ô«ˆrÙ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝
ªJÙÃ[˝SEı]„_ %„XEı %Á„[˝VX ◊X„[˝VXÃ[˝÷Y =Yc˜ÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á, \ˆN˛„VÃ[˝ =Y^«N˛ %ÁVÃ[˝
Eı„Ã[˝X XÁ [˝◊_Ã^Á ] V«]≥V \ˆdÔaXÁ £XÁcÕÃ^Á TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ %Á^ÔÓE«ı„_ LXΩ ªJÙ◊Ã[˝TˆÁUÔ
Eı◊Ã[˝„_X* Â]c˜TˆÁ ]L◊_a ÂLÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝^Ã Á ◊X„L„Eı LÁTˆ›^Ã ]c˜Áa\ˆÁ XÁ„] %◊\ˆ◊c˜Tˆ
Eı„Ã[˝, LÁTˆ›Ã^ ]c˜Áa\ˆÁÃ[˝ ÂEıÁXÀ %◊W˝„[˝`„X %à˘¤`…XÓ YÁâ¯Á„_ %îLX Y“◊Tˆ◊X◊W˝
AcÕÃ[˝÷Y c˜ÁaÓEıÃ[˝ Y“cãX %◊\ˆXÃ^ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X, [˝_ ÂV◊F? ÂTˆÁ]Á„VÃ[˝ ]L◊_a
a\ˆÁ [˝‰ªRÙO, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ""]c˜Á''C X„c˜, ""LÁTˆ›Ã^''C X„c˜* Â^ a\ˆÁÃ^ LÁ◊Tˆ Â^ÁGVÁX
Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ %a∂ˆÇTˆ, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ ""LÁTˆ›Ã^'' XÁ]!
aFÓÿöˆÁY„XÃ[˝ Y“]ÁS
[˝ ◊ªRÙO` Ã[˝ÁL_©ø› =w¯Ã[˝ a]«‰V–Ã[˝ YÁ„Ã[˝ [˝◊aÃ^Á ^FX Ã[˝Ã^ªRÙOÁ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ÊªªRÙO◊_G–Á]Ã[˝÷Y
V…„TˆÃ[˝ ]«„F AcÕ aEı_ ÿôˆ[˝‰ÿôˆÁy `“[˝S Eı◊Ã[˝„_X, TˆFX TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ]„XÃ[˝ %‹ôˆ◊XÔ◊c˜Tˆ
◊[˝V–÷Y C %[˝p˚Á ]„XcÕ Ã[˝Á◊FÃ^Á Y“›Tˆ c˜ÁaÓ Eı◊Ã[˝„_X ◊EıXÁ, %Á]Ã[˝Á LÁ◊X XÁ*
c˜Ã^Tˆ Y“◊Tˆ◊X◊W˝ ◊X[[˝ÔÁªJÙ„XÃ[˝ ]c˜Á„Ã[˝Á„_ ]Á_◊[˝Ã^Á ÂGÁF„_ a«„Ã[˝≥V–XÁ„UÃ[˝ l˘›SÿëˆÃ[˝
A„Eı[˝Á„Ã[˝ ªJÙÁ◊YÃ^Á Y◊QÕˆÃ^Á‰ªK˜* ÂEı LÁ„X c˜Ã^Tˆ, Y…LÓ cÕeÃ[˝ÁL ÂV[˝TˆÁGS cÕc˜ÁC
LÁ„XX XÁ Â^ c˜Ã[˝◊EıaX_Á_ Ã[˝ÁL\ˆ◊N˛„Eı ªJÙ◊Ã[˝TˆÁUÔ EıÃ[˝Á„Eı EıXÀ„\ˆ≥a„XÃ[˝ ªJÙÃ[˝]
=„Å`Ó [˝◊_Ã^Á ◊X◊Å¤rÙ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X* l˘◊Tˆ XÁcÕ, Eı◊_EıÁTˆÁÿöˆ cÕeÃ[˝ÁL ae[˝ÁVY‰yÃ[˝

ªJÙÁ_EıGS [˝ ªRÙOÁ◊XÃ^ÁÃ[˝ XÁ„] Y…LÁ G–c˜S Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X* _Á„c˜Á„Ã[˝Ã[˝ AcÕ ÂEı„_·¯Á◊Ã[˝
[˝ UÁ c˜Ã^ XÁcÕ* cÕ◊â¯Ã^ÁX ÂQˆ_› ◊X=L ]«N˛c˜‰ÿôˆ %Á`›[[˝ÔÁV [˝bÔS Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X,
ÊrÙª RÙOa]ÓÁX ÂacÕ ]W˝«Ã[˝ \ˆdÔaXÁÃ[˝ ]W˝«Ã[˝ \ˆÁ[˝ XÁ [˝«◊MıÃ^Á AEıªªRÙO« %a‹ô«ˆrÙ c˜cÕÃ^ÁC
Y…LÁÃ^ a„‹ôˆÁb Y“EıÁ` Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X, cÕe◊_`]ÓÁXC GÁ_ÁGÁ◊_ ◊V„Tˆ XÁ YÁ◊Ã[˝Ã^Á
A◊VEı C◊VEı [˝◊·¯] EıªªRÙOÁl˘ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^ÁC c˜Ã[˝◊EıaX_Á„_Ã[˝ Ã[˝ÁL\ˆ◊N˛ Y“TˆÓÁFÓÁX Eı„Ã[˝X
XÁcÕ* ÂV`[˝Áa›Ã[˝ %a„‹ôˆÁb, %ÓÁe„_Á-cÕ◊â¯Ã^ÁX„VÃ[˝ Y“›◊Tˆ C Y“èaÁ Â]c˜TˆÁ
]L◊_„aÃ[˝ Y◊Ã[˝„YÁbEıG„SÃ[˝ =Y^«N˛ Y«Ã[˝ïıÁÃ[˝*
ÂXTˆÁ ÂV◊F, ÈaXÓ ÂEıÁUÁÃ^?

EıXÀ„\ˆ≥a„XÃ[˝ %Y…[[˝Ô [˝Ác˜ÁV«Ã[˝› AcÕ Â^, \ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝ ^Tˆ [˝QÕˆ [˝QÕˆ ÂXTˆÁ %Á‰ªK˜X,
a[[˝ÔY“W˝ÁX ÂZı„Ã[˝ÁL`Ác˜ ◊\ˆ~ aEı„_ =Y◊ÿöˆTˆ ◊ªK˜„_X, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ TˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ %W˝›X
ÈaXÓ _Á„c˜Á„Ã[˝Ã[˝ \ˆ›bS `›„TˆÃ[˝ \ˆ„Ã^ [˝Á %ÁÃ[˝ ÂEıÁXC EıÁÃ[˝„S ÂXTˆÁ„VÃ[˝ aÁc˜„a
aÁcãÁ◊XüTˆ XÁ c˜cÕÃ^Á ÿëˆG „c˜cÕ F–›rÙ]Áa ªK«˜◊ªRÙO EıÁªªRÙOÁcÕ„_X* [˝Ü„V` c˜cÕ„Tˆ %◊∂ëÊıÁ[˝Á[˝«
◊\ˆ~ ^Tˆ ÂXTˆÁ ◊GÃ^Á◊ªK˜„_X a«„[Ã ˝X[˝Á[˝,« \…ˆ„YX[˝Á[˝,« %Á£[˝Á[˝,« Â^Á„G`[˝Á[˝,« Y ƒ›ü `[˝Á[˝,«
TˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ Èa„XÓÃ[˝ aeFÓÁ ÂEıc˜ ÂEıc˜ V«cÕLX, ÂEıc˜ ÂEıc˜ ◊TˆXLX, ÂEıc˜ ÂEıc˜
YgÁªJÙLX [˝„_X* ]ÁV–ÁL c˜cÕ„Tˆ [˝ÁÃ[˝LX ◊GÃ^Á◊ªK˜„_X, AEıLX ÂVCÃ^ÁX [˝Ác˜ÁV«Ã[˝
AcÕ ]c˜Tˆ› ÂaXÁÃ[˝ ÂXTˆÁ, %ÁÃ[˝ EıÃ^LX ÂXTˆÁ ◊ªK˜„_X, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ a◊PÊı ae[˝ÁV
AFXC %Á„a XÁcÕ* ]W˝ÓY“„V` c˜cÕ„Tˆ YgÁªJÙ-ªK˜ LX, aEı„_ ÂXTˆÁ, ÂEıX XÁ ]W˝Ó-
Y“„V„` YgÁªJÙ-ªK˜ LX ÂXTˆÁ ◊\ˆ~ ]W˝ÓY‹öˆ› %ÁÃ[˝ XÁcÕ* ae^«N˛ Y“„V` c˜cÕ„Tˆ ]c˜ÁÃ[˝U›
]Á_◊[˝^Ã Á GÜÁY“aÁV C Eı„^Ã EıLX [Ã ˝ÁLÁ, `Á„c˜[˝LÁVÁ c˜TO ˆÓÁ◊V ◊GÃ^Á◊ªK˜„_X, TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝
ÈaXÓ ◊ªK˜_, ÂEıc˜ [˝„_ ◊y` LX, ÂEıc˜ [˝„_ bÁªªRÙO, ÂEıc˜ [˝„_ %Á`›* ÂEı[˝_
YtÁ„[˝ AcÕ y‘] Ã[˝◊l˘Tˆ c˜Ã^ XÁcÕ, ÂacÕ Y“„V„` c˜Ã[˝◊EıaX_Á_cÕ AEı]Áy ÂXTˆÁ,
%ÁÃ[˝ aEı„_ ÈaXÓ* G–›Eı Y“◊Tˆ◊X◊W˝ ◊Eı◊XÃ^Áa ÂÃ[˝Á]X Âa„X‰ªªRÙO =Y◊ÿöˆTˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á
[˝◊_„_X, This is a senate of kings! AcÕ a\ˆÁÃ[˝ Y“„TˆÓEı a\ˆÓ AEıLX
Ã[˝ÁLÁ! %Á]Ã[˝ÁC EıXÀ„\ˆ ≥aX ÂV◊FÃ^Á [˝◊_„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝, This is a Congress of
leaders, AcÕ ]c˜Áa\ˆÁÃ^ Y“„TˆÓEı a\ˆÓ AEıLX ÂXTˆÁ! ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ÈaXÓ ÂEıÁUÁÃ^?
`“›Ã[˝Á]E ıb’ C \ˆ◊[˝bÓd \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ

\ˆG[˝ÁX `“›Ã[˝Á]E ıb’„V„[˝Ã[˝ =◊N˛ C TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ a∂ëˆ„µ˘ Â^ a]ÿôˆ Y«ÿôÊı Ã[˝◊ªJÙTˆ
c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜ TˆdYÁ‰Pˆ LÁXÁ ^ÁÃ^ Â^ ◊Tˆ◊X ÂV„` Â^ X…TˆX \ˆÁ[˝ G◊PˆTˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜, Â^
\ˆÁ[˝Ã[˝Á◊` a]G– \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ[˝bÔ„Eı Y¿Á◊[˝Tˆ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ÂZı◊_„Tˆ‰ªK˜, Â^ \ˆÁ[˝TˆÃ[˝„Ü ]w¯ c˜cÕÃ^Á
EıTˆ ^«[˝Eı a]ÿôˆ T«ˆ¨K˜ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á %Á±¡Áß◊Tˆ Y“VÁX Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜, Âa \ˆÁ„[˝Ã[˝ EıUÁ ◊Tˆ◊X
◊EıªK«˜cÕ [˝„_X XÁcÕ, a[[˝Ô\…ˆTˆÁ‹ôˆ^ÔÓÁ]› \ˆG[˝ÁX TˆÁc˜Á ÂV„FX XÁcÕ; A EıUÁ ◊EıÃ[˝÷„Y
◊[˝`üÁa Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝? ^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ YV&`Ô Y ◊U[˝›„Tˆ aTˆÓ^«G %ÁXÃ^X Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜,
^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ &„`Ô W˝Ã[˝S› a«F]G¬Á, ^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ %Á◊[˝\ˆ¤Á„[˝ [˝ß^«G a◊á˚Tˆ Tˆ„]Á\ˆÁ[˝ ◊[˝V…◊Ã[˝Tˆ,
Â^ `◊N˛Ã[˝ aÁ]ÁXÓ ]Áy =„XΩ„b ◊VG◊VG‹ôˆ[˝ÓÁ◊YX› Y“◊TˆW[˝◊X LÁG◊Ã[˝TˆÁ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜;
◊^◊X Y…SÔ, ◊^◊X ^«GW˝∂ˆÇÔ Y“[˝wÔ¯Eı, ◊^◊X %Tˆ›Tˆ %[˝TˆÁÃ[˝G„SÃ[˝ a]◊rÙ ÿëˆÃ[˝÷Y, ◊Tˆ◊X
\ˆ◊[˝bÓd \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ ÂV„FX XÁcÕ [˝Á Tˆda∂ëˆ„µ˘ ◊EıªK«˜ [˝„_X XÁcÕ A EıUÁ %Á]Ã[˝Á ◊[˝`üÁa
EıÃ◊Ã[˝ XÁ --- %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ◊[˝`üÁa ^Ác˜Á ◊Tˆ◊X ]«„F [˝„_X XÁcÕ, TˆÁc˜Á ◊Tˆ◊X EıÁ„^ÔÓ
Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ◊GÃ^Á‰ªK˜X* ◊Tˆ◊X \ˆ◊[˝bÓd \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ„Eı, \ˆ◊[˝bÓd \ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝ Y“◊Tˆ◊X◊W˝„Eı
%ÁYX a∂ˆÇ«„F [˝aÁcÕÃ^Á G◊PˆTˆ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ◊GÃ^Á‰ªK˜X* AcÕ \ˆ◊[˝bÓd \ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝ Y“◊Tˆ◊X◊W˝
ÿëˆÁ]› ◊[˝„[˝EıÁX≥V* %„X„Eı ]„X Eı„Ã[˝X Â^ ÿëˆÁ]› ◊[˝„[˝EıÁX„≥VÃ[˝ ÿëˆ„V`‰Y“◊]EıTˆÁ
TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ◊X„LÃ[˝ VÁX* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ a…©øV ◊rÙ„Tˆ ÂV◊F„_ [˝«◊Mı„Tˆ YÁÃ[˝Á ^ÁÃ^ Â^ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝
ÿëˆ„V`‰Y“◊]EıTˆÁ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ YÃ[˝] Y…LÓYÁV mÃ[˝”„V„[˝Ã[˝cÕ VÁX* ◊Tˆ◊XC ◊X„LÃ[˝ [˝◊_Ã^Á
◊EıªK«˜ VÁ[˝› Eı„Ã[˝X XÁcÕ* Â_ÁEımÃ[˝” TgˆÁc˜Á„Eı Â^ \ˆÁ„[˝ G◊PˆTˆ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜‰_X TˆÁc˜ÁcÕ
\ˆ◊[˝bÓd \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ„Eı G◊PˆTˆ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ =dE ırÙ Y‹öˆÁ* TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ a∂ëˆ„µ˘ ÂEıÁX ◊XÃ^]
◊[˝ªJÙÁÃ[˝ ◊ªK˜_ XÁ --- TgˆÁc˜Á„Eı ◊Tˆ◊X a+…SÔ [˝›Ã[˝aÁW˝Eı \ˆÁ„[˝ GPˆX Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜„_X*
◊Tˆ◊X LXΩ c˜cÕ„TˆcÕ [˝›Ã[˝, cÕc˜Á TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ÿëˆ\ˆÁ[˝◊aà˘ \ˆÁ[˝* `“›Ã[˝Á]E ıb’„V[˝ TgˆÁc˜Á„Eı
[˝◊_„TˆX, ""T«ˆcÕ Â^ [˝›Ã[˝ ÂÃ[˝''! ◊Tˆ◊X LÁ◊X„TˆX Â^, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ◊\ˆTˆÃ[˝ Â^ `◊N˛
aá˚ÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ^ÁcÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜X EıÁ„_ ÂacÕ `◊N˛Ã[˝ =◊‡ˆ~ ªK˜ªRÙOÁÃ^ ÂV` Y“FÃ[˝ a…^ÔÓEıÃ[˝
LÁ„_ %Á[˝ Tˆ c˜cÕ„[˝* %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ^«[˝EıGS„EıC˝ AcÕ [˝›Ã[˝\ˆÁ„[˝ aÁW˝X Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ c˜cÕ„[˝*
TˆÁc˜Á◊VG„Eı Â[˝YÃ[˝CÃ^Á c˜cÕÃ^Á ÂV„`Ã[˝ EıÁ^ÔÓ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ c˜cÕ„[˝ A[˝e %c˜Ã[˝c˜ AcÕ
\ˆG[˝d-[˝ÁS› ÿˆÇÃ[˝SY„U Ã[˝Á◊F„Tˆ c˜cÕ„[˝ ""T«ˆcÕ Â^ [˝›Ã[˝ ÂÃ[˝''!
W˝∂ˆÇÔ, 19` aeFÓÁ, 26Â` ÂYÏb, 1316
EıXÀ„\ˆ≥a„XÃ[˝ V«Å¤`Á
Â[˝Á∂ëˆÁcÕ„Ã^Ã[˝ ""Ã[˝Ár—Ù]„Tˆ'' EıXÀ„\ˆ≥a„XÃ[˝ Y“◊Tˆ◊X◊W˝ C V`ÔEı[˝ „≥VÃ[˝ aeFÓÁ [˝Á◊c˜Ã[˝
c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜* AcÕ ae[˝ÁVY‰yÃ[˝ _Á„c˜ÁÃ[˝ Yy-‰Y“Ã[˝Eı ◊_◊FÃ^Á‰ªK˜X, ""_Á„c˜Á„Ã[˝Ã[˝ y‘›Qˆ
Eıe‰G–„aÃ[˝ %◊W˝„[˝`„X a[˝a«à˘ 224 LX Y“◊Tˆ◊X◊W˝ =Y◊ÿöˆTˆ ◊ªK˜„_X, AcÕ aeFÓÁÃ[˝
%„à˘¤„EıÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ YtÁ„[˝Ã[˝ %◊W˝[˝Áa› ◊ªK˜„_X* ^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á %Á„G Ã[˝ÁLX›◊TÊı EıÁ„^ÔÓ
Â^ÁGVÁX Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X, ÂacÕÃ[˝÷Y \ˆV–„_ÁEı F«[˝ %îcÕ ◊ªK˜„_X* V`Ô„EıÃ[˝ aeFÓÁ ªK˜Ã^
`Tˆ [˝Á aÁTˆ `Tˆ c˜cÕ„[˝* a]„Ã^ a]„Ã^ c˜„_Ã[˝ V«cÕ \ˆÁGcÕ FÁ◊_ ◊ªK˜_* AEıLXC
]«a_]ÁX Y“◊Tˆ◊X◊W˝ [˝Á V`ÔEı =Y◊ÿöˆTˆ ◊ªK˜„_X XÁ* a\ˆÁY◊Tˆ ]Á_◊[˝Ã^Á %◊Tˆ`Ã^
Vl˘TˆÁÃ[˝ a◊c˜Tˆ EıÁ^ÔÓ ªJÙÁ_ÁcÕ„_ˆX, X‰ªJÙd AcÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ y‘›Qˆ Eıe‰G–„aÃ[˝ %ÁÃ[˝C V«Ã[˝[˝ÿöˆÁ
c˜cÕTˆ*'' Yy-‰Y“Ã[˝„EıÃ[˝ Â`b =◊N˛Ã[˝ ]„W˝Ó ÂEıÁXC mä ]Tˆ„\ˆ„VÃ[˝ cÕaÁÃ[˝Á YÁCÃ^Á
^ÁÃ^* aêˆ[˝Tˆf `ÁaX aeïıÁÃ[˝ _cÕÃ^Á AcÕ ]Tˆ„\ˆV, V«cÕV„_Ã[˝ %Á„YÁ„bÃ[˝ awÔ¯
EıXÀ„\ˆ≥a„XÃ[˝ Tˆ◊•bÃÊı Y“ÿôˆÁ[˝ ÂV◊F„_cÕ Â[˝ÁMıÁ ^ÁÃ^* Y“ÿôˆÁ„[˝Ã[˝ Y“U]Áe„`Ã[˝ a◊c˜Tˆ
Â`bÁe„`Ã[˝ a+…SÔ ◊[˝„[Ã ˝ÁW˝* Y“U]Áe„` ◊]‰∞ªRÙÁO C ]Ã[˝_›Ã[˝ =VÁÃ[˝TˆÁ, Y“LÁÃ[˝ ]Xÿôˆ« ◊rÙ[Ã ˝
LXÓ =dEıªRÙO C ◊[˝EıªRÙO ÊªJÙrÙÁ cÕTˆÓÁ◊V m„SÃ[˝ aÁX≥V Y“èaÁ A[˝e E ıTˆp˚TˆÁÃ[˝ =ÅÁ]
_c˜Ã[˝›, Â`bÁe„` Eı‰PˆÁÃ[˝, Y“ÁÃ^ %\ˆV– \ˆÁbÁÃ^ G[˝SÔ„]‰∞ªRÙOÃ[˝ GÁ_ÁGÁ◊_ A[˝e Ây‘ÁW˝
C H SÁÃ[˝ =ÅÁ] =¨nº˜ Áa* AcÕ c˜ÁaÓEıÃ[˝ %aÜTˆ a◊∂ˆÇ_„X ]Á_◊[˝Ã^ÁÃ[˝ Vl˘TˆÁ
Y“EıÁ` YÁcÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜, EıXÀ„\ˆ≥aX EıÃ[˝Á_ %EıÁ_] T«ˆÓÃ[˝ c˜ÁTˆ c˜cÕ„Tˆ Ã[˝l˘Á YÁcÕÃ^Á
%Á_Ác˜Á[˝Á„V Vl˘ ]Á_◊[˝Ã^ÁÃ[˝ `›Tˆ_ ªK˜ÁÃ^ÁÃ^ %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ a◊∂ˆÇ◊_Tˆ c˜cÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ V«Ã[˝Á`Á ÂYÁbS
Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜*
V_ÁV◊_ C AEıTˆÁÃ[˝ ◊]UÓÁ \ˆÁX
]ÁX«b]Áy EıUÁÃ[˝ VÁa, [˝ÁEÀı„V[˝›Ã[˝ Y«T«ˆ_* ◊ªJÙÃ[˝Y◊Ã[˝◊ªJÙTˆ `“”◊Tˆ]W˝«Ã[˝ EıUÁ `“[˝S
EıÃ[˝ÁcÕÃ^Á ]X„Eı XÁªJÙÁX %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ]W˝ÓY‹öˆ› [˝µ«˘„VÃ[˝ AEıY“EıÁÃ[˝ ◊a◊à˘* TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á
cÕeÃ[˝ÁL Ã[˝ÁLX›◊Tˆ◊[˝VG„SÃ[˝ ◊`bÓ* cÕeÃ[˝ÁL Â^]X ÂEıÁX `“”◊Tˆ]W˝«Ã[˝ EıUÁ %Á[˝ ◊w¯
Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á --- ÛÁ, [˝ ◊ªRÙO` `Á◊‹ôˆ, [˝ ◊ªRÙO` XÓÁÃ^YÃ[˝TˆÁ, ÿëˆÁÃ^w¯-`ÁaX-aeïıÁÃ[˝ cÕTˆÓÁ◊V,
--- ◊[˝`Á_ `…XÓ\ˆÁ„[˝Ã[˝ %Á[˝Ã[˝„S ÿëˆ›Ã^ %\ˆ›rÙ EıÁ^ÔÓ ◊a◊à˘ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ %\ˆÓÿôˆ, ÂTˆ]XcÕ
TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ ]W˝ÓY‹öˆ› ◊`bÓGS ""[˝ ◊ªRÙO` XÓÁÃ^YÃ[˝TˆÁÃ[˝ AL_Áa'', ""[˝ ◊ªRÙO` Y“LÁÃ[˝

◊[˝„[˝Eı[˝«◊à˘'', ""[˝ ◊ªRÙO` aÁ∂ÉˆÁLÓ\«ˆN˛ %◊W˝EıÁÃ[˝'' cÕTˆÓÁ◊V `“”◊Tˆ]W˝«Ã[˝ `…XÓ EıUÁÃ^
ÂV„`Ã[˝ [˝«◊à˘ ◊[˝[˝–Tˆ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ATˆ◊VX \ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝ Y“E ıTˆ =~◊TˆÃ[˝ a«Y‹öˆÁ Ã[˝”à˘ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á
Ã[˝Á◊FÃ^Á‰ªK˜X* AFXC ÂacÕ %\ˆÓÁa ^ÁÃ^ XÁcÕ* TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á LÁTˆ›Ã^Y„l˘Ã[˝ ÿëˆTˆ‹óˆ
EıÁ^ÔÓ` Ö_ÁÃ[˝ =„VÓÁG ªJÙ◊_„Tˆ‰ªK˜ ÂV◊FÃ^Á ""V_ÁV◊_'', ""AEıTˆÁ'' cÕTˆÓÁ◊V Y◊Ã[˝◊ªJÙTˆ
EıUÁÃ[˝ ÂÃ[˝Á_ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á Â_Á„EıÃ[˝ ]X XÁªJÙÁcÕ„Tˆ ÊªJÙrÙÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜X* TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ÁcÕ y‘›Qˆ C
EıX◊rÙ◊ªRÙO=`X a ◊rÙ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á LÁTˆ›Ã^Yl˘„Eı ]Ã[˝_›Ã[˝ ]Xÿô«ˆ◊rÙÃ[˝ %Á`ÁÃ^ [˝◊c˜õ ıTˆ
Eı◊Ã[˝„_X, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ÁcÕ ßG_› Y“Á„V◊Èı a◊]◊Tˆ„Tˆ LÁTˆ›Ã^Y„l˘Ã[˝ ÂEıÁX Y“ÿôˆÁ[˝ G c˜›Tˆ
c˜cÕ„_ =◊PˆÃ^Á a◊]◊Tˆ \ˆÁ◊ÜÃ^Á ◊V„[˝X, AcÕ ◊[˝\ˆ›◊bEıÁ ÂVFÁcÕ„_X, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ÁcÕ
LÁTˆ›^Ã Y„l˘[Ã ˝ ÂXTˆÁG„SÃ[˝ a◊c˜Tˆ AEıa„Ü EıÁ^ÔÓ Eı◊[Ã ˝„Tˆ \ˆ›Tˆ C %◊X¨K«˜Eı, ]W˝ÓY‹öˆ›
ÂXTˆÁ„VÃ[˝ XÁ„]Ã[˝ a„Ü ÂEıÁXC ÂHÁbSÁÃ^ TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ ÿëˆÁl˘Ã[˝ ◊V[˝ÁÃ[˝ Y“ÿôˆÁ[˝ =◊Pˆ„_,
""EıÁL XÁcÕ, EıÁL XÁcÕ, G[˝SÔ„]∞ªRÙO ªJÙ◊ªRÙO„[˝, [˝QÕˆ ]ÁX«„bÃ[˝Á ªJÙ◊ªRÙO„[˝,'' [˝◊_Ã^Á ÂacÕ
Y“ÿôˆÁ[˝ =QÕˆÁcÕÃ^Á ÂVX* %UªJÙ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ =∑ªRÙOÁ ªJÙÁY ◊V„Tˆ _◊#Tˆ XX*
%Á]Ã[˝ÁcÕ XÁ◊Eı V_ÁV◊_ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ◊ªK˜, aÁ]ÁXÓ ]Tˆ„\ˆ„VÃ[˝ LXÓ AEıa„Ü EıÁ^ÔÓ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ
%◊X¨K«˜Eı, EıXÀ„\ˆ≥a„X ªR«Ù◊EıÃ^Á Â]c˜TˆÁ„Eı [˝«MıÁcÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÊªJÙrÙÁ XÁ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ÿëˆTˆ‹óˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á
UÁ◊Eı* ATˆ◊VX %Á]Ã[˝Á ÂEıÁX [˝ÁW˝Á Eı◊Ã[˝ XÁcÕ, ÂV`, %Á„≥VÁ_X, Ã[˝ÁLX›◊TÊı Âl˘y
ÂTˆÁ]Á„VÃ[˝cÕ c˜Á„Tˆ ◊ªK˜_, AcÕ Zı_ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜ Â^, a]ÿôˆ ÂV` X›Ã[˝[˝ c˜cÕÃ^Á Y◊QÕˆÃ^Á‰ªK˜,
\ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ ◊XV–Á ^ÁcÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜, Â_Á„EıÃ[˝ =daÁc˜, aÁcã, %Á`Á \ˆG¬Y“ÁÃ^ c˜cÕÃ^Á ÂG_*
%Á]Ã[˝Á ÂV`„Eı LÁGÁcÕ„Tˆ ªJÙÁcÕ --- ÂTˆÁ]Á◊VG„Eı ◊ªJÙ◊XÃ^Á _cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜; LÁ◊X Â^ cÕ¨K˜Á
UÁ◊Eı„_C \ˆÃ^ C ◊[˝Y„VÃ[˝ %Á`·¯Á ÂTˆÁ]Á◊VG„Eı EıÁ^ÔÓ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ ◊V„[˝ XÁ, ---
%Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ◊[˝YV c˜=Eı, V_X c˜=Eı, %Á]Ã[˝Á ÂV„`Ã[˝ EıÁ^ÔÓ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝, ÂacÕ =„VÓÁG
Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ◊ªK˜* %]XcÕ ]W˝ÓY‹öˆ›„VÃ[˝ Ã[˝[˝ =◊Pˆ„Tˆ‰ªK˜, %Ác˜Á ◊Eı Eı◊Ã[˝„TˆªK˜? AEı„LÁªRÙO
c˜cÕÃ^Á ◊Eı a«≥VÃ[˝ H«] ]Á◊Ã[˝„Tˆ◊ªK˜_Á]! %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ V_ÁV◊_! %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ◊Y“Ã^ AEıªTˆÁ
ÂG_, Ã[˝l˘Á EıÃ[˝, ]◊Tˆ_Á_ ÂEıÁUÁÃ^, %XÁU[˝µ«˘ ÂEıÁUÁÃ^, %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ Ã[˝l˘Á EıÃ[˝*
ÂTˆÁ]Á„VÃ[˝ ]„XÃ[˝ \ˆÁ[˝ LÁ◊X* LÁTˆ›Ã^Yl˘ ^◊V EıÁ^ÔÓ` Ö_ÁÃ[˝ a◊c˜Tˆ EıÁ^ÔÓ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ
a]U¤ c˜Ã^, ÂTˆÁ]Á„VÃ[˝ c˜Ã^ ÂacÕ EıÁ„^ÔÓ Â^ÁGVÁX Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á G[˝SÔ„]‰∞ªRÙOÃ[˝ %◊Y“Ã^ c˜cÕ„Tˆ
c˜cÕ„[˝, XÃ^ ◊X‰∏JÙrÙ UÁ◊Eı„_ %Eı∂ˆÇÔSÓ C \ˆ›Ã[˝” [˝◊_Ã^Á ÂV`[˝Áa›Ã[˝ a∂ˆÇÁX C
ÂTˆÁ]Á„VÃ[˝ XrÙY“ÁÃ^ ÂXT ˆ„±ºˆÃ[˝ \ˆG¬Áe` c˜ÁÃ[˝ÁcÕ„Tˆ c˜cÕ„[˝* AcÕ LXÓcÕ ◊ªJÙÃ[˝ %\ˆÓÁa[˝„`
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Y“EıÁ` EıÃ[˝*
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ˆ ◊X◊l˘ä c˜c˜„O [˝, Ac˜[O ˝Á[Ã ˝ XÃ^LX X„c˜, Jª Ù◊[[˝` LX„Eı Â]ÁªRÙ[ÃO ˝EıÁ„Ã[˝, ÂÃ[˝„_, ""Guide''
LÁc˜Á„L G[˝SÔ„]„∞ªRÙOÃ[˝ FÃ[˝‰ªJÙ XÁXÁY“„V` C ◊[˝◊[˝W˝ ÂL_ H«◊Ã[˝Ã^Á %Á◊a[˝ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ
Y“ÿöˆÁX Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ c˜cÕ„[˝* Y«◊_„aÃ[˝ AcÕ TˆÁ◊_EıÁÃ^ `“›^«N˛ %Ã[˝◊[˝≥V ÂHÁb XÁ◊Eı Y“U]
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◊L◊Xa Â^ Â_Á„Eı ◊X[[˝ÔÁaX XÁ] £◊XÃ^Á \ˆ„Ã^ LQÕâQÕˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á ÂV„`Ã[˝ EıÁ^ÔÓ,
EıwÔ¯[˝Ó, ]X«bÓ±ºˆ Y◊Ã[˝TˆÓÁG Y…[[˝ÔEı Eı◊+Tˆ Eı„_[˝„Ã[˝ H„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ÂEıÁ„S ]«F ªRÙÁ◊EıÃ^Á
[˝◊aÃ^Á Y‰QÕˆ* ◊ªJÙVÁ∂ëˆÃ[˝] Y“\ ˆ◊Tˆ Eı∂ˆÇÔ[˝›Ã[˝ [˝ÃÊıªRÙO Y“ªJÙÁÃ[˝ ÂVÁ„b Â^ Eı◊PˆX Vâ¯
c˜Á◊a]«„F ◊`„Ã[˝ÁW˝Á^ÔÓ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ T«ˆ_XÁÃ^ AcÕ Vâ¯ %◊Tˆ _H«, %◊Tˆ
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Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÊªJÙrÙÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ◊ªK˜_Á], XÁ c˜Ã^ \ˆG[˝ÁX _QÔˆ ◊]‰∞ªRÙOÁ [˝Á ]Ã[˝_›„Eı ^‹óˆ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á
[˝◊_„_X, ^ÁC, ◊X◊∏JÙ‹ôˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á [˝◊aÃ^Á UÁEı, ◊X#¤„X %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ EıÃ[˝, W˝ÓÁX EıÃ[˝,
Y«ÿôÊı YQÕˆ, Y«ÿôÊı ◊_F, p˚ÁX aá˚Ã^ EıÃ[˝, p˚ÁX ◊[˝ÿôˆÁÃ[˝ EıÃ[˝* LXTˆÁÃ^ UÁEıÁÃ[˝
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EıUÁ Â^ \ˆ„Ã^ EıÁTˆÃ[˝ c˜cÕ„Tˆ c˜Ã^? Eı„ÃÊı◊VX ◊Y“Ã^L„XÃ[˝ ]«F ÂV◊F„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝[˝ XÁ,
--- ◊[˝_Á„Tˆ Â[˝QÕˆÁcÕ„Tˆ ÂG„_ TˆÁc˜Á c˜Ã^, %UªJÙ Â_Á„Eı ◊[˝_Á„Tˆ Â[˝QÕˆÁcÕ‰ªTˆ ^ÁÃ^*
W˝Ã[˝”X, %FÁVÓ FÁcÕÃ^Á, G–›πÇ C `›„Tˆ EırÙ YÁcÕÃ^Á `Ã[˝›Ã[˝ \ˆÁ◊ÜÃ^Á ^ÁcÕ„[˝* [˝ÁQÕˆ›„Tˆ
[˝◊aÃ^ÁC ÂÃ[˝Á„GÃ[˝ c˜ÁTˆ c˜cÕ„Tˆ ◊XÿôˆÁÃ[˝ XÁcÕ, [˝ÁQÕˆ›„TˆC %a«F c˜Ã^, ]Ã[˝S c˜Ã^, %V rÙ-
◊_◊FTˆ %ÁÃ^«y‘] ÂEıc˜ %XÓUÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ XÁ* %ÁÃ[˝ ◊c˜≥V«Ã[˝ Y„l˘ ]Ã[˝„S \ˆ›bSTˆÁ
XÁc˜*O ÂVc˜ ÂG_, Y«[Ã ˝Á„SÁ [˝ÿˆó ÂG_, %Á±¡Á ]„Ã[˝ XÁ* ac˜ÿˆÉ [˝Á[Ã ˝ L◊XΩÃ^Á◊ªK˜, ac˜ÿˆÉ [˝Á[Ã ˝
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\ˆÃ^ ◊Eı„aÃ[˝? aÿôˆÁÃ^ cÕ◊Tˆc˜Á„a %]Ã[˝ XÁ] ◊_FÁcÕ_Á], ÿëˆ„GÔÃ[˝ YU =XΩ∆N˛, %UªJÙ
EırÙ XÁcÕ, %U[˝Á aÁ]ÁXÓ `Ã[˝›Ã[˝‰zı„` ]«◊N˛ C \«ˆ◊N˛ YÁcÕ_Á]* AcÕ Tˆ EıUÁ?
ÆœÙÁ≥a\ˆÁ„_Ã[˝ E«ı_›„VÃ[˝ ]c˜d\ˆÁ[˝ A[˝e \ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝ ◊`◊l˘Tˆ Â_Á„EıÃ[˝ AcÕ LHXÓ EıÁTˆÃ[˝-
\ˆÁ[˝ ÂV◊FÃ^Á _◊#Tˆ c˜cÕ„Tˆ c˜Ã^*
◊X[[˝ÔÁaX %aêˆ[˝
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c˜Ã^Tˆ cÕ◊â¯Ã^Á G[˝SÔ„]‰∞ªRÙOÃ[˝ %X«]◊TˆC c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ _QÔˆ ]Ã[˝_› Â^ a∂ˆÇTˆ c˜cÕ„[˝X,
TˆÁc˜Á %Á]Ã[˝Á ac˜„L ◊[˝`üÁa Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ ªJÙÁcÕ XÁ* XÃ^ LX„Eı ◊X[[˝ÔÁaX EıÃ[˝ÁÃ^ _QÔˆ
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◊[˝„`bTˆf cÕc˜Á LÁXÁÃ[˝ EıUÁ Â^ _QÔˆ ]Ã[˝_› `“›^«N˛ E ıb’E«ı]ÁÃ[˝ ◊]y Y“\ ˆ◊Tˆ XÃ^
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◊Tˆ◊X %„XEı \«ˆ_ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ AFXC TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ =XΩw¯ %[˝ÿöˆÁ c˜Ã^ XÁcÕ*
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]Ã[˝_› VÁ„Ã^ ÊPˆ◊EıÃ^Á a∂ˆÇTˆ c˜cÕ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝X* XÁC c˜cÕ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝X, ÂEıX XÁ _QÔˆ
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LX„Eı ◊X[[˝ÔÁaX EıÃ[˝”X, %Ã[˝◊[˝≥V ÂHÁb„Eı ◊X[[˝ÔÁaX EıÃ[˝”X, [˝Á a«„Ã[˝≥V–XÁU
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W˝∂ˆÇÔ, 20` aeFÓÁ, 4PˆÁ ]ÁH, 1316
X[˝^«„GÃ[˝ Y“U] £\ˆ_l˘S

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]W˝«Ã[˝ Y“›◊TˆÃ[˝ %Á„_Á„Eı Y◊Ã[˝STˆ c˜cÕ„[˝ A[˝e Vâ¯X›◊TˆÃ[˝ Eı‰PˆÁÃ[˝ ]…◊wÔ¯ cÕeÃ[˝ÁL
Y“E ı◊Tˆ„Tˆ _›X c˜cÕÃ^Á aÁ]ÓX›◊TˆÃ[˝ %ÁX≥V]Ã^ ◊[˝EıÁ` \ˆÁÃ[˝TˆL›[˝X„Eı a«„F C
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E«ıc˜◊EıX› %Á`ÁÃ[˝ [˝ÁS› aZı_ c˜cÕ_* Â^ a\ˆÁ-◊X„bW˝ %ÁcÕX Y…[[˝Ô [˝ÁÜÁ_ÁÃ[˝ AEı-
]Áy ÂL_ÁÃ^ LÁ◊Ã[˝ c˜cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜_, TˆÁc˜Á AFX a]ÿôˆ \ˆÁÃ[˝„Tˆ LÁ◊Ã[˝ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜* GTˆ
£y‘[˝Á[Ã ˝ c˜c˜„O Tˆ a]G– \ˆÁ[Ã ˝Tˆ AcÕ %Ác˜„O XÃ[˝ %W˝›X c˜c˜^ÃO Á‰ªK˜* %Ác˜„O X ◊[˝XÁ %X«]◊Tˆ„Tˆ
ÂEıÁUÁC E«ı◊QÕˆLX Â_ÁEı AEı a„Ü VÒÁQÕˆÁcÕ„Tˆ [˝Á [˝◊a„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝„[˝X XÁ, VÒÁQÕˆÁcÕ„_
[˝Á [˝◊a„_ Y«◊_a ^◊V AcÕ E«ı◊QÕˆL„XÃ[˝ a◊∂ˆÇ_X„Eı Y“EıÁ`Ó a\ˆÁ XÁ„] %◊\ˆ◊c˜Tˆ
Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ %◊\ˆ_Áb› c˜Ã^, --- ÂacÕÃ[˝÷Y c˜ÁaÓÃ[˝a◊Y“Ã^ Â_ÁEı Y«◊_„a %„XEı %Á‰ªK˜
--- TˆÁc˜Á c˜cÕ„_ ^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á VÒÁQÕˆÁcÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜X [˝Á [˝◊aÃ^Á‰ªK˜X, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á %ÁcÕ„X Vâ¯X›Ã^*
Y“]ÁS Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ c˜cÕ„[˝ Â^ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á ""a\ˆÁÃ[˝'' a\ˆÓ ◊ªK˜„_X XÁ, [˝Á a\ˆÓ c˜cÕ„_C
""Y“EıÁ`Ó'' ◊ªK˜„_X XÁ* Tˆ„[˝ ^◊V ""Y“EıÁ`Ó'' XÁ c˜X, EıÁ„LcÕ mä ◊ªK˜„_X, TˆÁc˜Á
%ÁÃ[˝C ◊[˝Y#XEı* cÕc˜Á Y“]ÁS Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ XÁ YÁ◊Ã[˝„_ ªK˜Ã^]Áa ◊[˝XÁ YÃâÁÃ^
G[˝SÔ„]‰∞ªRÙOÃ[˝ %Á◊TÛÓ A[˝e ◊[˝XÁ ]Á◊c˜XÁÃ^ a∂ÉˆÁ‰ªRÙOÃ[˝ LXÓ FÁªR«ÙO◊XÃ[˝ a«„^ÁG _Á\ˆ
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Ã[˝l˘Á XÁcÕ* ÂacÕFÁ„X ^◊V Ã[˝ÁLX›◊TˆÃ[˝ EıUÁ c˜Ã^ [˝Á ÂacÕÃ[˝÷Y EıUÁ c˜cÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÂEıÁX
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c˜Ã^, Y«◊_a %Á◊a„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝„[˝ A[˝e G c˜ÿëˆÁ]› C TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ [˝µ«˘GS„Eı G[˝SÔ„]∞ªRÙO
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◊X]‹óˆS Eı◊Ã[˝, ÂaFÁ„XC AcÕ Y«◊_a-_›_ÁÃ[˝ aêˆÁ[˝XÁ* X[˝^«„GÃ[˝ £\ˆ Y“\ˆÁTˆ
c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜* LÃ^ ◊]‰∞ªRÙOÁ-]Ã[˝_›! LÃ^ `ÁaX aeïıÁÃ[˝!
%ÁcÕX C c˜TˆÓÁEıÁÃ[˝›
_ÁªRÙOaÁ„c˜[˝ a]G– \ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ ÂEıX AcÕ %X«G–c˜ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X, TˆÁc˜Á [˝_Á
Eı◊PˆX* %„X„Eı [˝„_, c˜TˆÓÁ C QˆÁEıÁcÕ◊Tˆ c˜cÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜ [˝◊_Ã^Á AcÕ a\ˆÁ-◊X„bW˝
ÂHÁbSÁ* mä c˜TˆÓÁEıÁÃ[˝› C Ã[˝ÁLX›◊TÊı QˆÁEıÁTˆ Â^ AcÕ \ˆÃ^·¯Ã[˝ [˝–°˘Á‰ÿóˆ \ˆ›Tˆ
c˜cÕ„[˝, TˆÁc˜Á %Á]Ã[˝Á ◊[˝`üÁa Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝ XÁ* TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á Â^ E«ı◊QÕˆLX ◊]◊_Ã^Á
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mä c˜TˆÓÁ [˝Á QˆÁEıÁcÕ◊TˆÃ[˝ YÃ[˝Á]`Ô Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ [˝◊a„[˝X, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ aêˆÁ[˝XÁC %TˆÓî*
AcÕ ^«◊N˛Ã[˝ ]∂ˆÇÔ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ l«˘V– [˝«◊à˘„Tˆ G–c˜S Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝_Á] XÁ* Tˆ„[˝ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝
%ÓÁe„_Á-cÕ◊â¯Ã^ÁX [˝µ«˘GS [˝„_X Â^ TˆÁc˜Á X„c˜, ÂV„` %Á„≥VÁ_X c˜cÕ„_cÕ c˜TˆÓÁ
TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ %[˝`ÓêˆÁ[˝› Zı_, %TÂ[˝ a\ˆÁa◊]◊Tˆ [˝µ˘ EıÃ[˝Á C c˜TˆÓÁ QˆÁEıÁcÕ◊Tˆ [˝µ˘
EıÃ[˝Á AEıcÕ EıUÁ* TˆÁc˜Á ^◊V aTˆÓ c˜cÕTˆ, TˆÁc˜Á c˜cÕ„_ AcÕ LG„Tˆ Ã[˝ÁLX›◊Tˆ %◊Tˆ
ac˜L ÂF_Á c˜cÕTˆ, YgÁªJÙ [˝da„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ◊`£C `ÁaXEıÁ^ÔÓ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝Tˆ* V«f„FÃ[˝
EıUÁ, [˝wÔ¯]ÁX Ã[˝ÁLX›◊TÊı %[˝ÿöˆÁÃ^ AcÕ %‡«ˆTˆ ^«◊N˛Ã[˝ ÂEıÁX Y“]ÁS YÁCÃ^Á ^ÁÃ^
XÁ, [˝Ã[˝e ◊[˝YÃ[˝›Tˆ ◊aà˘Á‹ôˆ %◊X[˝Á^ÔÓ* ATˆ◊VX ◊Eı a\ˆÁa◊]◊Tˆ [˝µ˘ ◊ªK˜_ XÁ?
Jª Ù[Ã ˝]Y‹öˆ›V„_Ã[˝ a\ˆÁa◊]◊Tˆ %„XEı◊VX Â_ÁY YÁc˜^ÃO Á‰ªK˜, ]W˝ÓY‹öˆ› ÂXTˆÁGS ◊X[[˝ÁÔ a„XÃ[˝
Y„Ã[˝ %ÁÃ[˝ a\ˆÁa◊]◊Tˆ„Tˆ Â^ÁGVÁX EıÃ[˝Á [˝µ˘ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X* ]Á„Mı ]Á„Mı Eı„_L
ÂïıÁÃ^Á„Ã[˝ Â^ ÿëˆ„V`› a\ˆÁ c˜Ã^, TˆÁc˜Á„Tˆ ÂEıÁX ◊[˝FÓÁTˆ [˝N˛ÁC =Y◊ÿöˆTˆ c˜X XÁ,
V`ÔEı]â¯_›C aeFÓÁÃ^ XGSÓ* `“›^«N˛ %Ã[˝◊[˝≥V ÂHÁb ÂL_ c˜cÕ„Tˆ %Á◊a[˝ÁÃ[˝ Y„Ã[˝
Eı„ÃÊı◊VX [˝N ˛TˆÁ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜„_X [˝‰ªRÙO, ◊Tˆ◊XC ßG_› Y“Á„V◊Èı a\ˆÁÃ[˝ Y„Ã[˝ X›Ã[˝[˝
c˜cÕÃ^Á Y◊QÕˆÃ^Á‰ªK˜X* a\ˆÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó c˜TˆÓÁ◊X„b„W˝Ã[˝ HX HX a\ˆÁ A[˝e V◊l˘S a\ˆÁÃ[˝
%◊W˝„[˝`„X cÕeÃ[˝ÁL[˝µ«˘ ÂGÁF„_Ã[˝ `Á◊‹ôˆ]Ã^ [˝N ˛TˆÁcÕ ]Á„Mı ]Á„Mı c˜Ã^* Tˆ„[˝ c˜TˆÓÁ
QˆÁEıÁcÕ◊Tˆ ÂGÁF„_ ]c˜Á`„Ã^Ã[˝ [˝N ˛TˆÁÃ[˝ Zı_? c˜cÕ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝, ÂEıX XÁ ÂGÁF„_
]c˜Á`Ã^ \ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝ ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁ_«ç˘ ^«[˝EıGS„Eı [˝«MıÁcÕÃ^Á ◊V„_X Â^ [˝_Y“„Ã^ÁGcÕ
ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁ_Á„\ˆ[Ã ˝ AEı]Áy =YÁÃ^* X‰ªJÙd a+…SÔ X›Ã[˝[˝TˆÁ[Ã ˝ ]„W˝Ó c˜TˆÓÁ C QˆÁEıÁc˜◊O Tˆ[Ã ˝
[˝ ◊à˘ ◊VX ◊VX c˜cÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜* TˆÁc˜ÁcÕ ÿëˆÁ\ˆÁ◊[˝Eı, ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ [˝◊c˜‘ UÁ◊Eı„_ %[˝ÁW˝ ◊XGÔ]„XcÕ
TˆÁc˜Á ◊XÃ[˝ÁY„V l˘Ã^ c˜Ã^, ◊XGÔ]„XÃ[˝ YU [˝µ˘ EıÃ[˝ÁÃ^ TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ÂTˆL [˝ ◊à˘ c˜Ã^, [˝„_
◊XGÔ]„XÃ[˝ YU F«◊_Ã^Á Y“◊Tˆ„Ã[˝ÁW˝Eı„Eı ◊[˝XÁ` Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ [˝Á◊c˜Ã[˝ c˜Ã^*
%Á]Ã[˝Á ◊Eı ◊X‰∏JÙrÙ UÁ◊Eı[˝?

AcÕ %ÁcÕX AFXC ÂEıÁXC ÂL_Á [˝Á ac˜„Ã[˝ ÿöˆÁX›Ã^ G[˝SÔ„]∞ªRÙO Eıw Ô¯Eı Y“ªJÙÁ◊Ã[˝Tˆ
c˜Ã^ XÁcÕ, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ÂEıÁXC Y“„V„` a„Tˆ„L %Á„≥VÁ_X %ÁÃ[˝ç˘ c˜cÕ[˝Á]Áy Y“„^Á◊LTˆ
c˜cÕ„[˝, a„≥Vc˜ XÁcÕ, %TÂ[˝ cÕc˜Á„Eı a[[˝ÔY“EıÁÃ[˝ %Á„≥VÁ_X [˝µ˘ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ
G[˝SÔ„]‰∞ªRÙOÃ[˝ a„·¯Tˆ [˝◊_„Tˆ c˜cÕ„[˝* AFX ◊[˝„[˝ªJÙÓ AcÕ, AcÕ %[˝ÿöˆÁÃ^ LÁTˆ›Ã^Yl˘
ÂEıÁXÀ YU %[˝_∂ëˆX Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝? %Á]Ã[˝Á %ÁcÕ„XÃ[˝ ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ Ã[˝ÁLX›◊TÊı
EıÁ^ÔÓ %Á[˝à˘ Ã[˝Á◊F„Tˆ ÊªJÙ◊rÙTˆ %Á◊ªK˜* %ÁcÕ„XÃ[˝ Gâ¯› ^◊V ATˆ a·¯›SÔ c˜Ã^ Â^ TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝
◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ Y“EıÁ`Ó %Á„≥VÁ_X %ÁÃ[˝ ªJÙ„_ XÁ, TˆÁc˜Á c˜cÕ„_ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ◊Eı =YÁÃ^
Ã[˝◊c˜Ã^Á‰ªK˜* AEı =YÁÃ^, X›Ã[˝„[˝ AcÕ }Á‹ôˆX›◊TˆÃ[˝ Zı_ %„Yl˘Á EıÃ[˝Á* %Á]Ã[˝Á
LÁ◊X, G[˝SÔ„]∞ªRÙOC LÁ„X Â^ \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ[˝Áa›Ã[˝ ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁÃ[˝ %Á`Á ◊X[[˝ÔÁ◊YTˆ c˜Ã^ XÁcÕ,
]ÿôˆ„Eı ◊XG–c˜ V„â¯Ã[˝ Y“c˜ÁÃ[˝ EıÃ[˝ÁÃ^ %a„‹ôˆÁb ÊY“„] Y◊Ã[˝STˆ c˜Ã^ XÁcÕ* Y“LÁÃ[˝
& c˜Á, Y“LÁÃ[˝ %a„‹ôˆÁb ◊X„LÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó %Á[˝à˘ c˜cÕÃ^Á m]◊Ã[˝Ã^Á Ã[˝◊c˜Ã^Á‰ªK˜* AFXC
◊[˝Y¿[˝EıÁÃ[˝›GS Â_Á„EıÃ[˝ ]X mäc˜TˆÓÁ C [˝_Y“„Ã^Á„GÃ[˝ Y„U ªRÙOÁ◊X„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ XÁcÕ,
◊Eı‹ô«ˆ Eı„[˝ ªRÙOÁ◊X„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝„[˝, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ÂEıÁX ◊X∏JÙªÃ^TˆÁ XÁcÕ* AEı[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÂacÕ %XUÔ
H◊ªRÙOTˆ c˜cÕ„_ G[˝SÔ„]‰∞ªRÙOÃ[˝ ◊[˝YV A[˝e ÂV„`Ã[˝ V«Å¤`ÁÃ[˝ %ÁÃ[˝ a›]Á UÁ◊Eı„[˝ XÁ*
%Á]Ã[˝Á AcÕ %Á`·¯ÁÃ^ A[˝e ÂV„`Ã[˝ X[˝L›[˝X Ã[˝l˘ÁÃ[˝ %Á`ÁÃ^ LÁTˆ›Ã^Yl˘ a«` Ö◊_Tˆ
Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ =„VÓÁG Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ◊ªK˜_Á]* %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ W˝ÁÃ[˝SÁ ◊ªK˜_ Â^ ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁ _Á„\ˆÃ[˝
◊X„Å¤Áb Y‹öˆÁ ÂVFÁcÕ„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝„_ mäc˜TˆÓÁ ÂV` c˜cÕ„Tˆ =◊PˆÃ^Á ^ÁcÕ„[˝* AFX
[˝«◊Mı_Á] cÕeÃ[˝ÁL G[˝]Ô„]∞ªRÙO ÂacÕ =YÁÃ^ %[˝_∂ëˆX Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ ◊V„[˝X XÁ* AcÕ %[˝ÿöˆÁÃ^
ÿëˆ\ˆÁ[˝Tˆf AcÕ ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ ]„X %Á„a --- TˆÁc˜ÁcÕ c˜=Eı, TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ ^FX AcÕ W˝ÁÃ[˝SÁ
Â^ %ÁÃ[˝C =G– Vâ¯X›◊Tˆ Y“„Ã^ÁG Eı◊Ã[˝„_ ÂÃ[˝Á„GÃ[˝ =Y`] c˜cÕ„[˝, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á Y“ÁS
\ˆ◊Ã[˝Ã^Á Vâ¯X›◊Tˆ Y“„Ã^ÁG EıÃ[˝”X* %Á]Ã[˝Á ªJ«ÙY Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ÂV◊F ◊Eı„a„Tˆ ◊Eı c˜Ã^,
%Á]Ã[˝Á }Á‹ôˆ, XÁ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á }Á‹ôˆ* ^FX cÕeÃ[˝ÁL Ã[˝ÁLX›◊Tˆ◊[˝VGS ◊X„L„VÃ[˝ \«ˆ_
[˝«◊Mı„[˝X TˆFX %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ Eı„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ a]Ã^ %Á◊a„[˝* AcÕ Y‹öˆÁ„Eı masterly in-
activity --- Zı_[˝Tˆ› ◊X„∏JÙrÙTˆÁ [˝_Á ^ÁÃ^*
ÊªJÙrÙÁÃ[˝ =YÁÃ^
◊X‰∏JÙrÙTˆÁ %[˝_∂ëˆX EıÃ[˝ÁÃ^ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ \ˆ◊[˝bÓd a«◊[˝W˝Á c˜cÕ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ [˝‰ªRÙO, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ
TˆÁc˜Á„Tˆ ÂV„`Ã[˝ Y“ªJ«ÙÃ[˝ %]Ü_ c˜cÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ EıUÁ* %Á]Ã[˝Á XÁ c˜Ã^ [˝N ˛TˆÁ [˝Á a\ˆÁa◊]◊Tˆ
XÁcÕ Eı◊Ã[˝_Á], E«ı◊QÕˆL„XÃ[˝ a◊∂ˆÇ_X XÁcÕ [˝Á c˜cÕ_, %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ =„Å`Ó [˝N ˛TˆÁ
EıÃ[˝ÁC X„c˜, cÕeÃ[˝ÁL› W˝Ã[˝„S %Á„≥VÁ_X EıÃ[˝ÁC X„c˜* ÂV„`Ã[˝ EıÁ^ÔÓ EıÃ[˝Á %Á]Á„VÃ[˝
=„Å`Ó, EıÁ„^ÔÓÃ[˝ ` Ö_Á %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ◊]◊_Tˆ c˜cÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ EıÁÃ[˝S* ÂacÕ EıÁ„^ÔÓÃ[˝ ` Ö_Á
[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÊªJÙÏÅ LX ÂV„`Ã[˝ Y“◊Tˆ◊X◊W˝ ◊Eı Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝X XÁ? TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á Â^ EıÁ^ÔÓY“SÁ_›
◊ÿöˆÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝X ÂV„`Ã[˝ Â_ÁEı ◊Eı ÂacÕ Y◊Ã[˝]Á„S l«˘V– YÃ[˝Á]`Ô-a\ˆÁ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á a«a+~
Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝X XÁ? %ÁÃ[˝ ^◊V AcÕ %ÁcÕXC c˜Ã^ Â^ YgÁªJÙ LX AEıa„Ü [˝◊a„_
Â[˝%ÁcÕX› LXTˆÁ c˜cÕ„[˝, TˆÁc˜Á c˜cÕ„_ ◊Eı %ÁÃ[˝ ÂEıÁXC ◊X„Å¤Áb =YÁÃ^ XÁcÕ?
`·¯Ã[˝ÁªJÙÁ„^ÔÓÃ[˝ ÂV„` ◊Eı a\ˆÁa◊]◊Tˆ XÁ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ]Tˆ Y“ªJÙÁÃ[˝ c˜Ã^ XÁ? ]◊≥V„Ã[˝, ◊[˝[˝Á„c˜,
`“Á„à˘, XÁXÁÿöˆÁ„X XÁXÁ %[˝a„Ã[˝ \ˆÁ„Ã^ \ˆÁ„Ã^ ÂVFÁ c˜Ã^, aÁ]ÁXÓ EıUÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó
ÂV„`Ã[˝ EıÁ^ÔÓ◊[˝bÃÊı V«„ÃÊı EıUÁ ◊Eı c˜cÕ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ XÁ? %ÁcÕ„XÃ[˝ Gâ¯›„Tˆ UÁ◊Eı[˝,
◊Eı‹ô«ˆ %ÁcÕX ^Ác˜Á [˝ÁÃ[˝S Eı„Ã[˝ XÁ, TˆÁc˜Á Tˆ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝? ATˆ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^ÁC ^◊V
Â`„b G[˝SÔ„]∞ªRÙO LÁTˆ›Ã^ ◊`l˘ÁY◊Ã[˝bV„Eı Â[˝%ÁcÕX› LXTˆÁ [˝◊_Ã^Á LÁTˆ›Ã^

◊[˝VÓÁ_ÃâEı_ [˝µ˘ Eı„Ã[˝, ◊`l˘Á ÂVCÃ^Á, ÿëˆ„V`› EıÁYQÕˆ YÃ[˝Á, ◊[˝„V`› ]Á_ XÁ
ÂEıXÁ, `Á◊_a›„Tˆ Eı_c˜ ◊]ªRÙOÁ„XÁ„Eı mÃ[˝”TˆÃ[˝ %YÃ[˝ÁW˝ [˝◊_Ã^Á a`“] EıÁÃ[˝Á[˝Áa [˝Á
•›YÁ‹ôˆ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ [˝Ó[˝ÿöˆÁ Eı„Ã[˝X, %ÁÃ[˝ ^◊V ÆœÙÁ≥a\ˆÁ_[˝Áa› E«ı_› C ÂVÁEıÁXVÁÃ[˝„VÃ[˝ aÁcã,
ÂV`◊c˜ÍTˆ◊bTˆÁ C ÿëˆÁUÔTˆÓÁG %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ GÁ„Ã^ XÁ UÁ„Eı, TˆÁc˜Á c˜cÕ„_ XÁ c˜Ã^ Y«◊_a
C mä ◊[˝Y¿[˝EıÁÃ[˝›Ã[˝ Y‹öˆÁ %ÁÃ[˝ ÂÃ[˝ÁW˝ EıÃ[˝Á ◊XπY“„Ã^ÁLX [˝◊_Ã^Á a◊Ã[˝Ã^Á Y◊QÕˆ[˝*
ÂacÕ Y^Ô‹ôˆ ÊªJÙrÙÁ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ÂVFÁ ^ÁEı*
W˝∂ˆÇÔ, 21` aeFÓÁ, 11cÕ ]ÁH, 1316
%Á^ÔÓa]ÁL
%Á^ÔÓa]ÁL ÿëˆÁ]› VÃ^ÁX„≥VÃ[˝ a ◊rÙ* ◊Tˆ◊X Â^ \ˆÁ[˝ C ÊY“Ã[˝SÁ ◊VÃ^Á ◊GÃ^Á‰ªK˜X,
%Á^ÔÓa]ÁL ^Tˆ◊VX ÂacÕ\ˆÁ„[˝ \ˆÁ[˝Á◊XüTˆ A[˝e ÂacÕ ÊY“Ã[˝SÁÃ^ %X«Y“Á◊STˆ Ã[˝◊c˜„[˝,
TˆTˆ◊VX TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ÂTˆL, [˝ ◊à˘ C ÂaÏ\ˆÁGÓ UÁ◊Eı„[˝* ◊[˝\…ˆ◊Tˆ [˝Á ]c˜ÁY«Ã[˝”b ÂEıÁXC
◊[˝„`b \ˆÁ[˝ _cÕÃ^Á Y ◊U[˝›„Tˆ %[˝Tˆ›SÔ c˜X, ÂacÕ \ˆÁ[˝ Y“EıÁ` Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ [˝„_
LG„TˆÃ[˝ =YEıÁÃ[˝› ]c˜d EıÁ^ÔÓ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ^ÁX, [˝Á ◊XL \ˆÁ„[˝Ã[˝ aá˚Á„Ã[˝ C ◊[˝ÿôˆÁ„Ã[˝
`◊N˛Ã[˝ AEıªªRÙO› ◊[˝„`b ÂEı≥V– ÿöˆÁYX Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ^ÁX* TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ aeÿöˆÁ◊YTˆ aeÿöˆÁ [˝QÕˆ
c˜=Eı [˝Á ÊªK˜ÁªRÙO c˜=Eı ÂacÕ aeÿöˆÁ ÂacÕ ◊[˝\…ˆ◊Tˆ [˝Á ]c˜ÁY«Ã[˝”„bÃ[˝ Y“◊Tˆ◊X◊W˝ c˜cÕÃ^Á
LG„Tˆ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ %ÁÃ[˝ç˘ EıÁ^ÔÓ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ UÁ„Eı* Â^ ◊VX aeÿöˆÁÃ^ ]c˜ÁY«Ã[˝”„bÃ[˝ \ˆÁ[˝
]◊_X c˜cÕ„[˝ [˝Á ◊Tˆ„Ã[˝Á◊c˜Tˆ c˜cÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ _l˘S c˜cÕ„[˝, ÂacÕ ◊VX c˜Ã^ cÕc˜Á ◊[˝XrÙ c˜cÕ„[˝
XÃ^ %XÓ %ÁEıÁÃ[˝ C %XÓ \ˆÁ[˝ G–c˜S Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á LG„TˆÃ[˝ %◊XrÙ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ %ÁÃ[˝êˆ
Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝* TˆFX %XÓÁXÓ ]c˜ÁY«Ã[˝”b LXΩG–c˜S Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á aeÿöˆÁÃ[˝ ◊[˝XÁ` ÊPÊıÁcÕ„Tˆ
YÁ„Ã[˝X A[˝e %◊X‰rÙÃ[˝ ]ÁyÁ Eı]ÁcÕ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝X, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ %Áa_ \ˆÁ[˝ ◊ZıÃ[˝ÁcÕÃ^Á %Á◊X„Tˆ
YÁ„Ã[˝X XÁ* %Á^ÔÓa]Á„LÃ[˝ aeÿöˆÁYEı ÂTˆLÿëˆ› ÿëˆÁ]› VÃ^ÁX„≥VÃ[˝ \ˆÁ„[˝Ã[˝ ]„W˝Ó %Á]Ã[˝Á
◊TˆX Tˆ√º¯ YÁcÕ, Y«Ã[˝”bÁUÔ, ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁ A[˝e Eı∂ˆÇÔ* AcÕ ◊TˆX◊ªªRÙO„Eı %[˝_∂ëˆX Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á
TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Y“ªJÙÁ◊Ã[˝Tˆ W˝∂ˆÇÔ Eı∂ˆÇÔPˆ ÂTˆLÿëˆ› ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁ◊Y“Ã^ YtÁ[˝› LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ ◊Y“Ã^ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜,
%T«ˆ_Ó Eı∂ˆÇÔ` Ö_Á, EıÁ^ÔÓ◊a◊à˘ A[˝e =w¯„Ã[˝Áw¯Ã[˝ =~◊Tˆ ÂVFÁcÕ„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜*
◊Eı‹ô«ˆ AFX Â^ YÃ[˝›l˘Á %Á◊aÃ^Á‰ªK˜, %Á^ÔÓa]ÁL =w¯›SÔ c˜cÕ„[˝ TˆÁc˜Á %Á]Á„VÃ[˝
Â[˝ÁW˝ c˜Ã^ XÁ* _Á_ _ÁLYTˆ Ã[˝Á„Ã^Ã[˝ ◊X[[˝ÔÁa„XÃ[˝ a]„Ã^ a]Á„L %„XEı ÂVÁb
Y“EıÁ` c˜cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜_, AFX %ÁÃ[˝C Â`ÁªJÙX›Ã^ V«[[˝Ô_TˆÁÃ[˝ _l˘S ÂV◊F„Tˆ YÁcÕ* Â^
]X«bÓ±ºˆ C ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁ VÃ^ÁX≥V aÃ[˝ÿëˆTˆ›Ã[˝ \ˆÁ„[˝Ã[˝ ◊\ˆ◊w¯ ◊ªK˜_, a]ÁL Âa ]X«bÓ±ºˆ
C ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁ„Eı L_Át◊_ ◊VÃ^Á ◊Eı„a„Tˆ ◊XÃ[˝ÁYV UÁ◊Eı, AcÕ \ˆÁ[˝XÁÃ^ C \ˆ„Ã^
=XΩw¯ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜* ◊[˝XÁ ◊[˝ªJÙÁ„Ã[˝ YÃ[˝]ÁX≥V„Eı TˆÁQÕˆÁX A[˝e V«cÕ aÁ]ÁXÓ Yy Y“EıÁ`
c˜CÃ^ÁÃ^ _Á_Á _ÁLYTˆ Ã[˝ÁÃ^„Eı TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ aEı_ YV ªK˜ÁQÕˆÁX AcÕ %Á∏JÙ^ÔÓ ◊[˝‚º˜_TˆÁÃ[˝
Y“]ÁS* `›H– ]◊Tˆ XÁ ◊Zı◊Ã[˝„_ %Á^ÔÓa]ÁL ] T«ˆÓÃ[˝ Y„U W˝Á◊[˝Tˆ c˜cÕ„[˝* Â^ Â^
W˝∂ˆÇÔ LG„Tˆ Ã[˝◊c˜Ã^Á‰ªK˜, ]X«bÓLÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ ]X %◊W˝EıÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜, F–›rÙW˝∂ˆÇÔ, Â[˝Ïà˘W˝∂ˆÇÔ,
cÕa_Á], ◊`FW˝∂ˆÇÔ, ÊªK˜ÁªRÙO c˜=Eı, [˝QÕˆ c˜=Eı, YÃ[˝›l˘ÁÃ[˝ a]Ã^ ◊XL \ˆÁ[˝ Ã[˝l˘Á
Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜ [˝◊_Ã^Á [˝gÁ≈◊ªJÙ„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜*
cÕe_„â¯Ã[˝ ◊X[[˝ÔÁªJÙX›
cÕe_„â¯Ã[˝ ◊X[[˝ÔÁªJÙX› %ÁÃ[˝êˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜* Zı„_ ÂEıÁXÀ V„_Ã[˝ Â^ Y“ÁW˝ÁXÓ c˜cÕ„[˝
TˆÁc˜Á ◊ÿöˆ[Ã ˝ Eı◊[Ã ˝^Ã Á [˝_Á ^ÁÃ^ XÁ* %ÁYÁTˆTˆf [Ã ˝l˘S`›_ V„_Ã[˝cÕ LÃ^ c˜c˜„O Tˆ Jª Ù◊_Ã^Á‰ªK˜*
V◊l˘S C ]W˝Ó cÕe_„â¯ cÕc˜Á◊V„GÃ[˝ Y“\ˆÁ[˝ %TˆÓ‹ôˆ %◊W˝Eı ÂVFÁ ^ÁcÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜* _â¯„X
V«cÕV„_Ã[˝cÕ a]ÁX Y“\ˆÁ[˝ [˝◊_Ã^Á Â[˝ÁW˝ c˜Ã^* =w¯Ã[˝Áe„`cÕ =VÁÃ[˝X›◊TÊıG„SÃ[˝ Y“\ˆÁ[˝
A[˝e C„Ã^_a C ïıªªRÙO_â¯ AEıÃ[˝Eı] a+…SÔÃ[˝÷„YcÕ cÕc˜Á◊V„GÃ[˝ Y„l˘* ◊X[˝ÔÁ[˝ªJÙ„XÃ[˝
Zı„_ =\ˆ„Ã^Ã[˝ l˘]TˆÁ a]ÁX a]ÁX c˜cÕ„_ Â^ V_cÕ G[˝SÔ„]∞ªRÙO Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ ªJÙÁ◊c˜„[˝X,
XÓÁ`X◊_rÙ◊V„GÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝cÕ TgˆÁc˜Á„Eı ◊X\ˆÔıÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ c˜cÕ„[˝* Ã[˝l˘S`›_GS Âc˜Á]Ã[˝÷„_Ã[˝
Yl˘YÁTˆ› X„c˜X EıÁ„LcÕ XÓÁ`X◊_rÙ◊V„GÃ[˝ a◊c˜Tˆ Â^ÁGVÁX Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á =VÁÃ[˝X›◊TÊıGS
G[˝S„Ô ]∞ªRÙO Eı◊[Ã ˝„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝X* ◊Eı‹ˆ«ô TˆÁc˜Á c˜c˜„O _C c˜cO ˜Á[Ã ˝Á G[˝S„Ô ]∞ªRª ÙO Jª ÙÁ_Ác˜„O Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝„[˝X
XÁ* EıÁÃ[˝S %◊\ˆLÁTˆ a\ˆÁÃ[˝ ◊\ˆ‰ªRÙOÁÃ[˝ l˘]TˆÁ Ã[˝◊c˜Ã^ÁcÕ ^ÁcÕ„[˝ C TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á Y«X[[˝ÔÁÃ[˝
[˝„LªªRÙO Y“TˆÓÁFÓÁX Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝* EıÁ„LcÕ Â^ Y„U ^ÁCÃ^Á c˜=Eı XÁ ÂEıX TˆÁc˜Á aEı_cÕ
Ã[˝”à˘* AcÕ %‡«ˆTˆ =\ˆÃ^ a·¯ªRÙO AEı ]c˜Á a]aÓÁÃ[˝ ◊[˝bÃ^ c˜cÕÃ^Á Y◊QÕˆÃ^Á‰ªK˜* AcÕ
◊X[[˝ÔÁªJÙ„XÃ[˝ Zı„_Ã[˝ a◊c˜Tˆ \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ[˝„bÔÃ[˝ TˆTˆ aeÿÉˆ[˝ XÁcÕ* Tˆ„[˝ %Á]Ã[˝Á AcÕªRÙO«E«ı
%Á`Á Eı◊Ã[˝ Â^ =VÁÃ[˝X›◊TÊıG„SÃ[˝ LÃ^ c˜cÕ„_ C %◊\ˆLÁTˆ a\ˆÁÃ[˝ ◊\ˆ‰ªRÙOÁÃ[˝ l˘]TˆÁ
_«ä C Tˆda∂ëˆ„µ˘ ÂEıÁXÃ[˝÷Y Y◊Ã[˝[˝w¯Ô XÁ◊V c˜c˜„O _ `ÁaXaeïıÁ[Ã ˝Á◊V a∂ëˆ„µ˘ %Á]Á◊V„GÃ[˝
AEıRª Ù« O a«◊[˝W˝Á c˜c˜„O [˝* c˜cO ˜Á [˝Ó◊Tˆ„[Ã ˝„Eı =VÁÃ[˝X›◊Tˆ„Eı[Ã ˝cÕ LÃ^ c˜=Eı, %ÁÃ[˝ [Ã ˝l˘S`›„_Ã[˝cÕ
LÃ^ c˜=Eı %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ Y„l˘ =\ˆÃ^cÕ a]ÁX*
W˝∂ˆÇÔ, 24` aeFÓÁ, 2Ã[˝Á ZıÁì«X, 1316
◊[˝ªJÙÁÃ[˝
◊[˝ªJÙÁ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ £à˘TˆÁ a]Á„LÃ[˝ ÿôˆêˆÿëˆÃ[˝÷Y* ÂacÕ £à˘TˆÁ EıTÊı L„LÃ[˝ ]X C
◊ªJÙ„w¯Ã[˝ £à˘TˆÁÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ ◊X\ˆ¤Ã[˝ Eı„Ã[˝, EıTÊı ÿëˆÁW˝›X Â_ÁEı]Tˆ •ÁÃ[˝Á Ã[˝◊l˘Tˆ c˜Ã^*
LL Ã[˝ÁLÁÃ[˝ ]«FÓ W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ \ˆÁÃ[˝ [˝c˜X Eı„Ã[˝X, ◊Tˆ◊X <`ü„Ã[˝Ã[˝ Y“◊Tˆ◊X◊W˝; Â^]X <`üÃ[˝
◊[˝ªJÙÁÃ[˝Áa„X [˝◊aÃ^Á ◊XÃ[˝„Yl˘\ˆÁ„[˝ `y” ◊]y, W˝X› V◊Ã[˝V–, Ã[˝ÁLÁ Y“LÁ cÕTˆÓÁ◊V Â\ˆV
XÁ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ÂEı[˝_cÕ W˝∂ˆÇÔ Ã[˝l˘Á Eı„Ã[˝X, ÂacÕ\ˆÁ„[˝ ◊[˝ªJÙÁÃ[˝ EıÃ[˝Á TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ W˝∂ˆÇÔ* ^◊V
Ã[˝ÁG„•b, ]ÁX]^ÔÓÁVÁ, Ã[˝ÁLX›◊TÊı [˝Á a]Á◊LEı ÂEıÁXC =„Å„`ÓÃ[˝ [˝„` %ÁcÕ„XÃ[˝
◊[˝}ÁªRÙO Eı„Ã[˝X, ◊Tˆ◊XC W˝∂ˆÇÔªJ«ÙÓTˆ c˜X, a]Á„LÃ[˝ [˝µ˘XC ◊`◊U_ c˜Ã^* %ÁÃ[˝ ^◊V
%p˚ [˝Á _H«◊ªJÙw¯ [˝Ó◊N˛„Eı ◊[˝ªJÙÁÃ[˝EıwÔ¯ÁÃ[˝ %Áa„X [˝aÁX c˜Ã^, ÂacÕ Ã[˝Á„LÓÃ[˝ %Eı_ÓÁS
%[˝`ÓêˆÁ[˝›* %ÁÃ[˝ aEı_ `ÁaXTˆ„‹óˆÃ[˝ ◊[˝\ˆÁ„G ◊[˝}ÁªªRÙO c˜CÃ^ÁÃ^ %◊XrÙ l˘SÿöˆÁÃ^›
c˜cÕ„TˆC YÁ„Ã[˝, ◊[˝ªJÙÁ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ %£à˘TˆÁÃ^ Ã[˝ÁLÁ, Ã[˝ÁLÓ C Y“LÁÃ[˝ W[˝ea c˜Ã^* ÂEıÁXC
`ÁaXTˆ„‹óˆÃ[˝ mS ÂVÁb ◊XSÔÃ^ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ a]Ã^ ac˜ÿÉˆ ` Ö_Á, EıÁ^ÔÓl˘]TˆÁ C a«F-
`Á◊‹ôˆÃ[˝ Y“]ÁS ÂVCÃ^Á ◊XÃ[˝UÔEı, --- ^◊V ◊[˝ªJÙÁÃ[˝Y“SÁ_› ◊X„Å¤Áb XÁ c˜Ã^, ÂacÕ
`ÁaXTˆ„‹óˆÃ[˝ Y“èaÁ ◊]UÓÁ*
Â_ÁEı]„TˆÃ[˝ Y“„Ã^ÁLX›Ã^TˆÁ
]ÁX«b ^◊V ◊XπYÁY C ◊ÿöˆÃ[˝[˝«◊à˘ c˜cÕTˆ, ◊[˝ªJÙÁÃ[˝ a∂ëˆ„µ˘ Â_ÁEı]„TˆÃ[˝ ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁ
%Á[˝`ÓEı c˜cÕTˆ XÁ* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ]ÁX«„bÃ[˝ ]X ªJÙá˚_, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ◊ªJÙ„w¯ EıÁ]XÁ C Ã[˝ÁG„•b
Y“[˝_, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ [˝«◊à˘ %£à˘ C Yl˘YÁTˆY…SÔ* AcÕ %[˝ÿöˆÁÃ^ ◊[˝ªJÙÁ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ £à˘TˆÁ Ã[˝l˘Á
Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ ◊TˆX =YÁÃ^ %Á‰ªK˜* Y“U] =YÁÃ^ %ÁcÕXp˚, ÊY“ÏªRÕÙ, W˝›Ã[˝Y“E ı◊Tˆ Â_ÁEı„Eı
◊[˝Jª ÙÁ[Ã ˝Áa„X [˝aÁc˜^ÃO Á TˆÁÒ c˜Á◊VG„Eı a[[˝YÔ E“ ıÁ[Ã ˝ Y“„_Á\ˆX, \ˆ^Ã Y“V`ÔX, ÿëˆÁUÔ◊Jª Ù‹ˆô Á, Y„Ã[˝[Ã ˝
%Á„V`, Y“ÁUÔXÁ, %X«XÃ^ cÕTˆÓÁ◊V c˜cÕ„Tˆ V…„Ã[˝ Ã[˝ÁFÁ; ªJÙá˚_]XÁ, %ÁcÕ„X %X◊\ˆp˚
^«[˝Eı„Eı EıFX ◊[˝ªJÙÁÃ[˝Áa„X %ÁÃ[˝÷ªRÕÙ EıÃ[˝Á =◊ªJÙTˆ X„c˜, ◊[˝ªJÙÁÃ[˝Eı„Eı ÂEıÁX]„Tˆ `Áa„EıÃ[˝
%W˝›X EıÃ[˝ÁC ◊[˝Y#XEı, AcÕ Tˆ√º¯ C ◊XÃ^] cÕe_â¯›Ã^ ◊[˝ªJÙÁÃ[˝Y“SÁ_›„Tˆ a+…SÔ
Ã[˝◊l˘Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜ [˝◊_Ã^Á [˝ ◊ªRÙO` ◊[˝ªJÙÁÃ[˝Y“SÁ_›Ã[˝ ATˆ Y“èaÁ* ◊•Tˆ›Ã^ =YÁÃ^ ◊[˝ªJÙÁ„Ã[˝Ã[˝
]c˜ÁX ◊Xõı_·¯ %ÁV`Ô ÿöˆÁYX Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ÂacÕ %ÁV`Ô ◊[˝ªJÙÁÃ[˝Eı, %ÁcÕX[˝Ó[˝aÁÃ^› Â_ÁEı
C a[[˝ÔaÁW˝ÁÃ[˝„SÃ[˝ ]„X V ªRÕÙ\ˆÁ„[˝ %◊·¯Tˆ EıÃ[˝Á* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ %ÁV`Ô}rÙ c˜CÃ^Á ]ÁX«„bÃ[˝

Y„l˘ %◊Tˆ ac˜L, ÂacÕLXÓ Â_ÁEı]Tˆ„Eı %ÁV„`ÔÃ[˝ Ã[˝l˘EıÃ[˝÷„Y VÒÁQÕˆ EıÃ[˝ÁX \ˆÁ_*
◊[˝ªJÙÁÃ[˝Eı ^◊V LÁ„XX Â^ %ÁV`Ô c˜cÕ„Tˆ Â_`]Áy }rÙ c˜cÕ„_ Â_Á„EıÃ[˝ ◊X≥VÁ C
Eı_„·¯Ã[˝ YÁy c˜cÕ[˝, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ]„X %XÓÁÃ^ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ Y“[˝ ◊w¯ ac˜„L %Á`“Ã^ YÁcÕ„[˝
XÁ*
%Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ÂV„`
%Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ÂV„` Eı„^Ã Eı EıÁ[Ã ˝S[˝`Tˆf ◊[˝Jª ÙÁ[Ã ˝Eı„Eı `Áa„Eı[Ã ˝ %W˝›X [Ã ˝ÁFÁ c˜c˜^ÃO Á‰ªK˜,
ÂacÕ L„XÓ ◊[˝Jª ÙÁ[Ã ˝„Eı[Ã ˝ VÁ◊Ã^±ºˆ %„XEıRª ÙÁO `Áa„Eı[Ã ˝ =YÃ[˝ Y◊QÕˆ^Ã Á‰ªK˜* ◊[˝Jª ÙÁ[Ã ˝Eı <`ü„[Ã ˝[Ã ˝
Y“◊Tˆ◊X◊W˝ XÁ c˜cÕÃ^Á `Áa„EıÃ[˝ Y“◊Tˆ◊X◊W˝ c˜X* %TÂ[˝ `Áa„EıÃ[˝ VÁ◊Ã^±ºˆ %◊Tˆ
mÃ[˝”TˆÃ[˝* cÕc˜ÁÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ `ÁaXTˆ„‹óˆÃ[˝ a«◊[˝W˝ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ %Yiı„Eı` %X◊\ˆp˚ Â_Á„EıÃ[˝
=Y„Ã[˝C ◊[˝ªJÙÁ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ \ˆÁÃ[˝ ÂVCÃ^Á %Á[˝`ÓEı c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜* %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ a+“◊Tˆ X…TˆX %ÁcÕ„X
◊[˝ªJÙÁÃ[˝„EıÃ[˝ ◊[˝ªJÙÁÃ[˝ a∂ëˆ„µ˘ ◊[˝YÃ[˝›Tˆ Â_ÁEı]Tˆ [˝ÓN˛ EıÃ[˝Á ◊X◊bà˘ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜* AcÕ
aEı_ [˝Ó[˝ÿöˆÁ `Áa„XÃ[˝ LXÓ %Á[˝`ÓEı [˝◊_Ã^Á Y“◊Tˆ◊úˆTˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªªK˜, %TÂ[˝ cÕc˜ÁÃ[˝
a∂ëˆ„µ˘ EıUÁ [˝◊_[˝ÁÃ[˝ %◊W˝EıÁÃ[˝ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ XÁcÕ* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ AcÕ %[˝ÿöˆÁÃ^ `Áa„EıÃ[˝ ◊Eı
\ˆ›bS VÁ◊Ã^±ºˆ, TˆÁc˜Á `ÁaXEıwÔ¯ÁÃ[˝Á AEı[˝ÁÃ[˝ ◊[˝„[˝ªJÙXÁ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ÂVF«X* TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á Â^X
ÿˆÇÃ[˝S Eı„Ã[˝X Â^, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á AcÕ %Y…[[˝Ô l˘]TˆÁÃ[˝ ◊Eı Y“„Ã^ÁG Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜X, TˆÁc˜Á
\ˆG[˝ÁX ÂV◊F„Tˆ‰ªK˜X, ÂV„`Ã[˝ ◊c˜TˆÁ◊c˜Tˆ, Ã[˝ÁLÓ`Áa„XÃ[˝ Zı_ÁZı_ A[˝e aÁ∂ÉˆÁ„LÓÃ[˝
a«F `Á◊‹ôˆ C ÿöˆÁ◊Ã^±ºˆ TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝cÕ =YÃ[˝ ◊X\ˆ¤Ã[˝ Eı„Ã[˝*
W˝∂ˆÇÔ, 25` aeFÓÁ, 9cÕ ZıÁì«X, 1316
\ˆG[˝Å`ÔX
ÂV`Y…LÓ `“›^«N˛ E ıb’E«ı]ÁÃ[˝ ◊]y ◊X[[˝ÔÁ◊aTˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á %ÁG–Á ÂL„_ ◊EıÃ[˝÷„Y
\ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ Y“TˆÓl˘ =Y_◊ç˘ C a[[˝ÔyV`ÔX Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X, TˆÁc˜Á ◊Tˆ◊X [˝–Á°˘a]Á„LÃ[˝
ªK˜Áya]Á„L [˝SÔXÁ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X* `“›^«N˛ %Ã[˝◊[˝≥V ÂHÁb ^FX =w¯Ã[˝YÁQÕˆÁÃ^ ÂacÕ
EıUÁcÕ [˝◊_Ã^Á◊ªK˜„_X, Y«SÁÃ[˝ cÕ◊â¯Ã^ÁX ÂaÁ`ÓÁ_ ◊Ã[˝Zı]ÔÃ[˝ (a]ÁLaeïıÁÃ[˝Eı) =Yc˜Áa
Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á [˝◊_„_X, ÂV◊F„Tˆ◊ªK˜ ÂL„_ <`üÃ[˝V`Ô„XÃ[˝ ªK˜QÕˆÁªK˜◊QÕˆ c˜cÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜* =Yc˜Á„aÃ[˝
%UÔ AcÕ Â^ AcÕ a[˝ EıUÁ ]ÁUÁYÁG_Á Â_Á„EıÃ[˝ EıîXÁ %U[˝Á ◊]UÓÁ[˝ÁV›Ã[˝
[˝«LÃ[˝”Eı›* %UªJÙ %Ã[˝◊[˝≥V[˝Á[˝« ^Ác˜Á [˝◊_„_X, [˝–Á°˘a]Á„LÃ[˝ `›bÔÿöˆÁX›Ã^ `“›^«N˛
E ıb’E«ı]ÁÃ[˝ %◊[˝Eı_ TˆÁc˜ÁcÕ [˝◊_Ã^Á‰ªK˜X* A]X◊Eı ^Ác˜Á %„X„Eı[Ã ˝ ◊[˝„`b Y◊Ã[˝c˜Á„aÃ[˝
Â^ÁGÓ EıUÁ Â[˝ÁW˝ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜, ◊[˝ªJÙÁÃ[˝Eı C ÂL_„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ]„W˝Ó ÂacÕ a[[˝Ô[˝ÓÁY› ÊY“]]Ã^
C VÃ^Á]Ã^ V`ÔX, TˆÁc˜ÁC V«cÕL„XcÕ _Á\ˆ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X* %[˝`Ó, AEıcÕ %ÁW˝ÓÁ◊≈±¡Eı
=Y_◊ç˘Ã[˝ V«cÕY“EıÁÃ[˝ TˆÁ◊EÔıEı ◊aà˘Á‹ôˆ c˜cÕ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝, AEı aTˆÓ _cÕÃ^Á XÁXÁ ]Tˆ
c˜CÃ^Á ÿëˆÁ\ˆÁ◊[˝Eı* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ^FX %ÁG–ÁÃ^ C %Á◊_Y«„Ã[˝, ^Ác˜Á„VÃ[˝ ◊\ˆ~ ]Tˆ C ◊\ˆ~
Y“E ı◊Tˆ, ÂacÕÃ[˝÷Y V«cÕªRÙO› Â_Á„EıÃ[˝ AEıcÕ Y“TˆÓl˘ =Y_◊ç˘ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜, TˆFX ◊Eı ÂEıc˜
TˆÁc˜Á„Eı YÁG_Á]› [˝Á [˝«LÃ[˝”Eı› [˝◊_„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝? Y«SÁÃ[˝ ""a]ÁLaeïıÁÃ[˝Eı''AÃ[˝ ]„Tˆ
\ˆG[˝ÁX EıFXC Y“TˆÓl˘ V`ÔX ÂVX XÁ, ◊Tˆ◊X ◊XÃ^„]Ã[˝ %‹ôˆÃ[˝Á„_ UÁ„EıX, %Á]Ã[˝Á
Y“ÁE ı◊TÊı ◊XÃ^] %X«\ˆ[˝ EıÃ[˝„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝, \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ %◊ÿôˆ±ºˆ %X«\ˆ[˝ EıÃ[˝Á [˝ÁT«ˆ„_Ã[˝
EıUÁ* AEıLX ◊[˝p˚ÁX-%X◊\ˆp˚ Â_ÁEı ^◊V [˝„_X Â^ %]«Eı Ã[˝ÁaÁÃ^◊XEı Y“„Ã^ÁG
◊]UÓÁ A[˝e Eı„ÃÊıLX ◊[˝p˚ÁX◊[˝V È[˝p˚Á◊XEı Y“◊y‘Ã^Á Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á [˝„_X, cÕc˜Á aTˆÓ,
%Á]Ã[˝Á ÿëˆªJÙ„l˘ ÂV◊FÃ^Á◊ªK˜, EıÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ EıUÁ %◊W˝Eı ◊[˝`üÁa„^ÁGÓ, EıÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ]Tˆ Â_Á„Eı
G–c˜S Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ [˝ÁW˝Ó?
ÂL„_ V`ÔX
AcÕÃ[˝÷Y Â_Á„EıÃ[˝ %ÁÃ[˝ AEı %◊[˝`üÁ„aÃ[˝ EıÁÃ[˝S AcÕ Â^ ÂL_ %Y◊[˝y ÿöˆÁX,
F«X› ÊªJÙÁÃ[˝ QˆÁEıÁ„Tˆ Y◊Ã[˝Y…SÔ, ^◊VC \ˆG[˝ÁX V`ÔX ÂVX, Tˆ„[˝ Y◊[˝yÿöˆÁ„X aÁW˝«-
a~ÓÁa›„EıcÕ V`ÔX ◊V„[˝X, %ÁcÕ„XÃ[˝ LÁ„_ Y◊TˆTˆ Ã[˝ÁLX›◊TÊı„Eı, ÂHÁÃ[˝ Ã[˝ÁL◊aEı
EıÁ„^ÔÓ ◊_ä aeaÁÃ[˝›„Eı ÂL„_ ÂVFÁ ◊V„[˝X ÂEıX? %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ]„Tˆ aÁW˝«-a~ÓÁa›
%„Yl˘Á AcÕÃ[˝÷Y Â_ÁEı„EıcÕ \ˆG[˝ÁX ac˜„L W˝Ã[˝Á ÂVX, %Á`“] C ]◊≥VÃ[˝ %„Yl˘Á
ÂL„_ C [˝W˝Ó\…ˆ◊]„Tˆ \ˆG[˝Å`Ô„XÃ[˝ ªK˜QÕˆÁªK˜◊QÕˆ c˜cÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ EıUÁ* ^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á ]ÁX[˝LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝
LXÓ, ÂV„`Ã[˝ LXÓ FÁ‰ªRÙOX, L›[˝X =daGÔ Eı„Ã[˝X, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ LXÓ FÁ‰ªRÙOX,
L›[˝X =daGÔ Eı„Ã[˝X* ^›£F–›rÙ [˝◊_Ã^Á‰ªK˜X, Â^ V«fF›„Eı aÁ‹ôˆùXÁ, V◊Ã[˝V–„Eı aÁc˜Á^Ó,
T ˆb’ÁwÔ¯„Eı L_, ◊XÃ[˝”YÁÃ^„Eı =YÁÃ^ ÂVÃ^, Âa %Á]Á„EıcÕ ÂVÃ^ --- %Á◊] ÂacÕ
V«fF›, ÂacÕ V◊Ã[˝V–, ÂacÕ T ˆb’ÁwÔ¯, ÂacÕ ◊XÃ[˝”YÁÃ^* %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÂL„_ %c˜·¯ÁÃ[˝ a+…SÔ
ªJÙ◊_Ã^Á ^ÁÃ^* ÂacÕFÁ„X Â_`]Áy ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁ UÁ„Eı XÁ, \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ ]«„FÃ[˝ YÁ„X
%Ác˜ÁÃ[˝, ◊XV–Á, a«F, \ˆÁGÓ, ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁÃ[˝ LXÓ ªJÙÁ◊c˜„TˆcÕ c˜Ã^* %TÂ[˝ AcÕ %[˝ÿöˆÁÃ^
a+…SÔ ◊X\ˆ¤Ã[˝, a+…SÔ %Á±¡◊X„[˝VX C %Á±¡a]YÔS Â^]X ac˜L %ÁÃ[˝ ÂEıÁUÁC

ÂTˆ]X ac˜L X„c˜* Eı∂ˆÇfiÃ[˝ %Á±¡a]YÔS \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ %◊Tˆ ◊Y“Ã^ =Yc˜ÁÃ[˝, AcÕ
Y…LÁcÕ Ê`“úˆ Y…LÁ, AcÕ [˝◊_cÕ Ê`“úˆ [˝◊_* cÕc˜Á„Tˆ ^◊V \ˆG[˝Å`ÔX XÁ c˜Ã^, Tˆ„[˝
◊Eı„a c˜cÕ„[˝?
Â[˝„V Y«X#¤XΩ
Ã^«„Ã[˝ÁY›Ã^GS ^FX Y“U] %Á^ÔÓaÁ◊c˜TˆÓ %Á◊[˝õıÁÃ[˝ Eı„Ã[˝X, TˆFX TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ A]X
%ÁX≥V c˜Ã^ Â^ a]«◊ªJÙTˆ Y“èaÁ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ EıUÁC ÂLÁ‰ªªRÙO XÁ A[˝e Y◊â¯TˆGS ^Ác˜Á
[˝„_X, TˆÁc˜Á W˝–”[˝ aTˆÓ [˝◊_Ã^Á G–c˜S Eı„Ã[˝X* Y„Ã[˝ YÁ∏JÙÁTˆÓ c˜÷V„Ã^ <bÔÁÃ[˝ [˝◊c˜‘
Y“Lù◊_Tˆ c˜Ã^ A[˝e %„X„Eı ÂacÕ <bÔÁÃ[˝ [˝„` aeï ıTˆ \ˆÁbÁ C ◊[˝Zı_ aÁ◊c˜TˆÓ
[˝–Á°˘S„VÃ[˝ LÁ_ ÂLÁ¨J«Ù◊Ã[˝ [˝◊_Ã^Á =QÕˆÁcÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÊªJÙrÙÁ Eı„Ã[˝X* ÂacÕ ÊªJÙrÙÁ ^FX c˜Ã^,
Ã^«„Ã[˝ÁY›Ã^ Y◊â¯„TˆÃ[˝Á X…Tˆ X Zı≥V› [˝Á◊c˜Ã[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„_X; TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á Y“]ÁS Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ ÊªJÙrÙÁ
Eı◊Ã[˝„_X Â^, ◊EıªK«˜cÕ ◊c˜≥V«Ã[˝ ◊XLÿëˆ XÁcÕ, a[˝cÕ ◊[˝„V` c˜cÕ„Tˆ %Á]VÁX›* Ã[˝Á]ÁÃ^S
C ]c˜Á\ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ Âc˜Á]„Ã[˝Ã[˝ %X«EıÃ[˝S, ÂLÓÁ◊Tˆb, EıÁ[˝Ó, XÁªªRÙOEı, %ÁÃ^«„[[˝ÔV, ◊`î,
◊ªJÙyEı_Á, ÿöˆÁYTˆÓ ◊[˝VÓÁ, G◊STˆ, ÂV[˝XÁGÃ[˝› %l˘Ã[˝, Yá˚Tˆ‹óˆ, ^Ác˜Á ^Ác˜Á \ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝
ÂGÏÃ[˝[˝ [˝◊_Ã^Á Y“◊aà˘, a[˝cÕ G–›a, cÕ◊Lä, [˝Á[˝«„_ÁX cÕTˆÓÁ◊V ÂV` c˜cÕ„Tˆ W˝ÁÃ[˝
EıÃ[˝Á, A[˝e G›TˆÁ F–›rÙW˝∂ˆÇÔ c˜cÕ„Tˆ ÊªJÙÁÃ[˝ÁcÕ ]Á_; ◊c˜≥V«W˝„∂ˆÇÔ ^◊V ÂEıÁX mS
UÁ„Eı, TˆÁc˜Á Â[˝Ïà˘W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ VÁX, --- %ÁÃ[˝ YÁ‰ªK˜ [˝◊_, [˝«à˘ Tˆ \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ[˝Áa›, TˆFX
AcÕ %‡«ˆTˆ EıîXÁ %Á◊[˝õıÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„_X Â^ [˝«à˘ Â]ÁÜ_ [˝Á T«ˆÃ[˝õı LÁTˆ›Ã^; `ÁEıÓGS,
Èı [˝Á Scythian; AcÕ a]„Ã^ AcÕ ]Tˆ Y“ªJÙÁÃ[˝ c˜Ã^ Â^, Eı∂ˆÇÔ[˝ÁV C Y«X#¤XΩ[˝ÁV
[˝«„à˘Ã[˝ Y…[[˝Ô[˝w¯fi ◊c˜≥V«W˝„∂ˆÇÔ ◊ªK˜_ XÁ, [˝«à˘cÕ AcÕ ]Tˆ a ◊rÙ Eı◊Ã[˝„_X* ÂacÕ◊VX
ÂV◊F_Á] Hindu Spiritual MagazineAÃ[˝ `“„à˘Ã^ a+ÁVEı ]Tˆ Y“ªJÙÁÃ[˝
Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X Â^ AcÕ EıUÁ aTˆÓ, Â[˝„V Y«X#¤XΩ[˝ÁV XÁcÕ, Y«X#¤XΩ[˝ÁV ◊c˜≥V«-
W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ %Ü XÃ^* LÁ◊X XÁ a+ÁVEı ]c˜Á`Ã^ AcÕ EıUÁ ÿëˆÃê Â[˝VÁW˝ÓÃ^X Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á
[˝◊_Ã^Á‰ªK˜X, XÁ cÕc˜Á YÁ∏JÙÁTˆÓ Y◊â¯„TˆÃ[˝ Y“◊TˆW[˝◊X ]Áy* %Á]Ã[˝Á ÂVFÁcÕ„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝
A[˝e ÂVFÁcÕ[˝ Â^, Â^ =Y◊XbVm◊_ YÁ∏JÙÁTˆÓ Y◊â¯TˆGSC [˝«„à˘Ã[˝ %Á◊[˝\ˆ¤Á„[˝Ã[˝
Y…[[˝Ô[˝w¯fi [˝◊_Ã^Á ÿëˆ›EıÁÃ[˝ Eı„Ã[˝X Â^, =Y◊XbVm◊_ È[˝◊VEı p˚Á„XÃ[˝ ªJÙÃ[˝] ◊[˝EıÁ`,
ÂacÕ =Y◊Xb„V Y«X#¤XΩ W˝–”[˝ C G c˜›Tˆ aTˆÓ [˝◊_Ã^Á a[[˝Ôy =◊{◊FTˆ %Á‰ªK˜*
Eı∂ˆÇÔ[˝ÁVC Â[˝„V YÁCÃ^Á ^ÁÃ^* Â[˝Ïà˘W˝∂ˆÇÔ ◊c˜≥V«W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ AEıªªRÙO› `ÁFÁ ]Áy,
◊c˜≥V«W˝∂ˆÇÔ Â[˝Ïà˘W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ Y◊Ã[˝SÁ] X„c˜*

%Á^ÔÓa]Á„LÃ[˝ %[˝X◊Tˆ
%Á]Ã[˝Á %Á^ÔÓa]Á„LÃ[˝ %[˝X◊Tˆ ÂV◊FÃ^Á V«f◊FTˆ c˜c˜_O Á]* AcÕ a]Á„LÃ[˝ %W˝Ól˘
a+“◊Tˆ AcÕÃ[˝÷Y ]Tˆ Y“ªJÙÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X Â^ Ã[˝ÁL\ˆ◊N˛ %Á^ÔÓa]Á„LÃ[˝ W˝∂ˆÇÔ]„TˆÃ[˝
]„W˝Ó AEı ]Tˆ [˝◊_Ã^Á G c˜›Tˆ, ÂacÕ Âc˜T«ˆ Â^ ""%Á◊] Ã[˝ÁL\ˆN˛'' [˝◊_Ã^Á `YU
G–c˜S Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ a∂ˆÇTˆ, TˆÁc˜Á„EıcÕ %Á^ÔÓa]Á„L Y“„[˝` Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ ÂVCÃ^Á =◊ªJÙTˆ %ÁÃ[˝
EıÁc˜Á„EıC X„c˜* %XÓ W˝∂ˆÇÔ a+“VÁ„Ã^Ã[˝ LXÓC AcÕ ]c˜Á±¡Á AcÕ ◊[˝W˝Á„XÃ[˝ =Y„V`
◊VÃ^Á‰ªK˜X* cÕc˜Á ^◊V %W˝Ól˘L›Ã[˝ Y“E ıTˆ ]Tˆ c˜cÕTˆ, %Á]Ã[˝Á ◊EıªK«˜ [˝◊_TˆÁ] XÁ, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ
%Á^ÔÓa]Á„LÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ HX HX Ã[˝ÁL‰V–Á„c˜Ã[˝ %◊\ˆ„^ÁG %Á◊aÃ^Á Y◊QÕˆ[˝ÁÃ[˝ %Á„G
TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ AcÕ =dEıªRÙO Ã[˝ÁL\ˆ◊N˛Ã[˝ =‰V–Eı c˜Ã^ XÁcÕ* W˝∂ˆÇÔ aEı„_Ã[˝cÕ LXÓ, Â^
W˝∂ˆÇÔa+“VÁÃ^ c˜cÕ„Tˆ ÂEıc˜ Ã[˝ÁLX›◊TÊı ]„TˆÃ[˝ LXÓ [˝◊c˜õ ıTˆ, ÂacÕ a+“VÁÃ^
W˝∂ˆÇÔa+“VÁÃ^ X„c˜, ÿëˆÁUÔa+“VÁÃ^* %Á◊] Ã[˝ÁL\ˆN˛ ◊Eı XÁ Ã[˝ÁLY«Ã[˝”b ÂV◊F„[˝X
A[˝e Ã[˝ÁLY«Ã[˝”bC %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ]„XÃ[˝ \ˆÁ„[˝Ã[˝ =YÃ[˝ %◊W˝EıÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ ÊªJÙrÙÁ Eı„Ã[˝X XÁ,
ÂEı[˝_ Ã[˝ÁL\ˆ◊N˛Ã[˝ ◊[˝Ã[˝”à˘\ˆÁ[˝ Y“ªJÙÁ„Ã[˝ ÂV„`Ã[˝ `Á◊‹ôˆ ^Ác˜Á„Tˆ XrÙ XÁ c˜Ã^, ◊XL
%◊W˝EıÁÃ[˝ XrÙ XÁ c˜Ã^, ÂacÕ ÊªJÙrÙÁ Eı„Ã[˝X* Â^ W˝∂ˆÇÔ]◊≥V„Ã[˝Ã[˝ •Á„Ã[˝ T«ˆ◊] \ˆG[˝‡ˆN˛
◊EıXÁ, AcÕ Y“`¬ ◊Lp˚ÁaÁ XÁ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á, T«ˆ◊] Ã[˝ÁL\ˆN˛ ◊EıXÁ, AcÕ Y“`¬ ◊Lp˚ÁaÁ
EıÃ[˝Á c˜Ã^, ÂacÕ ]◊≥VÃ[˝ Â^X ÂEıÁX \ˆG[˝‡ˆN˛ XÁ ]ÁQÕˆÁX* Render unto Caesar
the things that are Caesar's, unto God the things that are God's.
a∂ÉˆÁ‰ªªRÙOÃ[˝ Y“ÁYÓ ^Ác˜Á TˆÁc˜ÁcÕ a∂ÉˆÁªRÙO„Eı %YÔS EıÃ[˝, \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ Y“ÁYÓ ^Ác˜Á TˆÁc˜Á
\ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝, a∂ÉˆÁ‰ªªRÙOÃ[˝ X„c˜*
Y◊Ã[˝◊`rÙ
[AcÕ V«cÕ◊ªRÙO Ã[˝ªJÙXÁ "W˝∂ˆÇÔ' Y◊≈yEıÁÃ[˝ Y…[[˝ÔEıÁ_›X a]„Ã^Ã[˝* ◊[˝bÃâÁV „`Ó AFÁ„X a◊~„[˝◊`Tˆ
EıÃ[˝Á c˜_*]
BEıÓ C ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁ
GTˆ ◊Qˆ„a∂ëˆÃ[˝ ]Á„a ]ÁV–Á„L LÁTˆ›Ãâ\ˆÁÃ[˝ >X◊[˝e` %◊W˝„[˝`„XÃ[˝ =Y_„l˘
a\ˆÁY◊Tˆ [˝„ÜÃ[˝ Y“W˝ÁX [˝N˛Á `“›^«N˛ _Á_„]Ác˜X ÂHÁb Â^ [˝N ˛TˆÁ ◊VÃ^Á◊ªK˜„_X,
TˆÁc˜Á„Tˆ AEıªªRÙO› X…TˆX Ã[˝ÁLÍX◊TÊı ^«GY◊Ã[˝[˝wÔ¯„XÃ[˝ %◊Tˆ`Ã^ %&rÙ %Á\ˆÁa YÁCÃ^Á

^ÁÃ^* `“›^«N˛ ÂHÁb ]„c˜ÁV„Ã^Ã[˝ [˝◊_[˝ÁÃ[˝ ...1 %XÓ %XÓ %◊W˝„[˝`„XÃ[˝ a\ˆÁY◊Tˆ-
◊V„GÃ[˝ [˝N ˛TˆÁ aEı_ c˜cÕ„Tˆ %„XEıªªRÙOÁ ÿëˆTˆ‹óˆ W˝Ã[˝„SÃ[˝ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜* TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ EıUÁÃ[˝ a«Ã[˝
ÂacÕ ◊ªJÙÃ[˝Y◊Ã[˝◊ªJÙTˆ AEıTˆÁ„XÃ[˝ ◊]_ a◊c˜Tˆ ◊PÊı ◊]◊_„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ XÁcÕ* %Á„GEıÁÃ[˝2
a\ˆÁY◊TˆGS Y“ÁÃ^cÕ ◊\ˆl«˘Eı„[˝„` Ã[˝ÁLV«Ã^Á„Ã[˝ =Y◊ÿöˆTˆ; ÂEıc˜ ÂEıc˜ Ã[˝”l˘\ˆÁb› V«Å¤Á‹ôˆ
◊\ˆl«˘Eı G c˜„ÿöˆÃ[˝ EıSÔE«ıc˜„Ã[˝ ÊªJgÙªJÙÁ◊]◊ªJÙ‰ªTˆ MıÁ_ÁYÁ_Á Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á VÁX Â[˝Ã[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÊªJÙrÙÁ
Eı„[Ã ˝X --- ÂEıc˜ \ˆ V„– _ÁEı ◊\ˆl˘« Eı ] Vÿ« ˆë „[Ã ˝ %U[˝Á %◊Tˆ l˘›S EıÁ~ÁÃ[˝ a«„[Ã ˝ G c˜ÿˆë Á]›„Eı
\«ˆ_ÁcÕÃ^Á ÿëˆ›Ã^ ]„XÁÃ[˝U ◊aà˘ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÊªJÙrÙÁ Eı„Ã[˝X* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ `“›^«N˛ ÂHÁb ]„c˜ÁV„Ã^Ã[˝
[˝N ˛TˆÁÃ^ AEıªRÙO› X…Tˆ X \ˆÁ„[˝Ã[˝ %[˝TˆÁÃ[˝SÁ _◊l˘Tˆ c˜Ã^, %à˘¤LÁG–Tˆ ]X«bÓ„±ºˆÃ[˝ Y“U]
ÂacÕ AEıªRª Ù« O W[˝◊X AFXC l˘›S C %&rÙ TÛÁ◊Y Eı◊[˝ WordsworthAÃ[˝ ÂTˆLÿëˆ›
aÁÃ[˝G\ˆ¤ ]c˜d =◊N˛Ã[˝ Y“◊TˆW[˝◊X Â^X V…Ã[˝ c˜cÕ„Tˆ Â`ÁXÁ ^ÁÃ^ --- Who would
be free themselves must strike the blow. ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁ ªJÙÁC Tˆ, %ÁY◊XcÕ
%ÁYXÁÃ[˝ ◊Èı_ EıÁ◊ªªRÙO„[˝, %ÁÃ[˝ ÂEıc˜ ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ c˜cÕÃ^Á EıÁ◊ªªRÙO„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝„[˝ XÁ*
AFX ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁ ◊Eı --- %‹ôˆTˆf %W˝«XÁTˆX \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ[˝„bÔÃ[˝ Y„l˘ ◊Eı Y◊Ã[˝]Á„S
ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁ Y“Ã^Áa_\ˆÓ C Ê`“Ã^ïıÃ[˝, AcÕ a∂ëˆ„µ˘ ÂEıÁX Y◊Ã[˝Yiı C ◊X◊∏JÙTˆ W˝ÁÃ[˝SÁ
V ªRÕÙÃ[˝÷„Y ]„X %◊·¯Tˆ3 EıÃ[˝Á ◊XTˆÁ‹ôˆcÕ Y“„Ã^ÁLX›Ã^* Ã[˝ÁLÍX◊TÊı Âl˘‰y [˝Á◊c˜ÓEı
%ÁQÕˆ∂ëˆÃ[˝Y…SÔ %◊X◊∏JÙTˆ C %&rÙ =◊N˛m◊_ [˝ÁÃ[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ %ÁCQÕˆÁX \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ[˝Áa›◊V„GÃ[˝
AEıªªRÙO› ÂÃ[˝ÁG c˜cÕÃ^Á VÒÁQÕˆÁcÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜* cÕc˜Á„TˆcÕ %Á]Á◊V„GÃ[˝ [˝_ %UÔ C a]Ã^ XrÙ c˜Ã^*
AcÕ ÂÃ[˝ÁG Â^]X [˝«◊à˘Ã[˝ Tˆ›©¬˘TˆÁ, Y“GÁªRÕÙ ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁÃ[˝ %\ˆÓÁa, ]„XÃ[˝ ÿëˆ\ˆÁ[˝_ç˘ Y“Át_
\ˆÁ[˝ C... XrÙ Eı„Ã[˝, ÂTˆ]XcÕ EıÁ^ÔÓ◊a◊à˘Ã[˝ ◊[˝_∂ëˆ C a]„Ã^ a]„Ã^ a+…SÔ Â_ÁYcÕ
HªªRÙOÁcÕÃ^Á Â`„b ÈXÃ[˝Á`Ó C ◊X‰∏JÙrÙ %Á_„aÓÃ[˝ EıÁÃ[˝S c˜Ã^* %ÁLEıÁ_ [˝Ü„V„` ÂacÕ
Â`b %[˝ÿöˆÁcÕ EıTÊı Y◊Ã[˝]Á„S %X«\ˆ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ◊ªK˜*
AcÕ a∂ëˆ„µ˘ V«cÕªRÙO› ◊[˝◊\ˆ~ =„Å„`ÓÃ[˝ ◊V„Eı V«ªRÙO› ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁÃ[˝ ÊÿÉˆÁTˆ LÁTˆ›Ã^ ]„X
[˝◊c˜„Tˆ‰ªK˜* AEıªªRÙO› Y“ÁªJÙ›X, ◊VX ◊VX £õı c˜cÕÃ^Á ^ÁcÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜ ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ÂV„`Ã[˝ %◊W˝EıÁe`
Ã[˝ÁLÍX◊TÊı ÂXTˆÁGS AFXC ÂacÕ ÊÿÉˆÁ„Tˆ \ˆÁ◊aÃ^Á a]ÿôˆ LÁ◊Tˆ„EıC \ˆÁaÁcÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝
ÊªJÙrÙÁÃ^ Ã[˝Tˆ* %YÃ[˝ªRÙO› X…TˆX* ^◊VC ªV«cÕ JÙÁ◊Ã[˝LX a§Á‹ôˆ C ◊[˝FÓÁTˆ Y«Ã[˝”b ◊\ˆ~
ÂEıÁX a[[˝ÔLXa∂ˆÇTˆ ÂXTˆÁ ÂacÕ ◊V„Eı %G–aÃ[˝ c˜X XÁcÕ, TÛÁ◊Y TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á Â^
1 AcÕÃ[˝÷Y "...' ÿöˆÁ„X `å %U[˝Á YIÀ¯◊N˛ YÁ‰PˆÁà˘ÁÃ[˝ EıÃ[˝Á ^ÁÃ^◊X*
2 %◊X◊∏JÙTˆÙ YÁPˆ
3 %◊X◊∏JÙTˆÙ YÁPˆ
\ˆÁG›Ã[˝U›Ã[˝ YU Y“ÿô«ˆTˆ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜ LÁTˆ›Ã^ L›[˝X Â^ ÂacÕ Y„UcÕ [˝◊c˜„[˝, A]X

aêˆÁ[˝XÁ %◊W˝Eı* Y“ÁªJÙ›„XÃ[˝Á [˝„_X, %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ Ã[˝ÁLÍX◊TÊı L›[˝„XÃ[˝ AcÕ ªJÙÃ[˝]
=„Å`Ó UÁEıÁ =◊ªJÙTˆ Â^ y‘„] y‘„] %◊W˝EıÁÃ[˝ÿëˆ√º¯ YÁcÕ„Tˆ YÁcÕ„Tˆ Â`„b %„XEı
ÊªJÙrÙÁ C Y◊Ã[˝`„“ ]Ã[˝ Zı_ÿëˆ[Ã ˝÷Y [˝◊ Rª ÙÒ aÁ∂ÉˆÁ„LÓÃ[˝ %W˝›„X ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁ YÁc˜[O ˝* \ˆÁ[Ã ˝Tˆ[˝„bÔ[Ã ˝
Ã[˝ÁLY«Ã[˝”b ^TˆcÕ ◊Xú«ˆÃ[˝ Âc˜ÏEı XÁ ÂEıX, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ cÕe„Ã[˝L LÁ◊Tˆ ]c˜d C ac˜÷VÃ^ LÁ◊Tˆ
--- TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó Wilberforce, Howard, Gladstone Y“\ ˆ◊Tˆ ]c˜Á±¡ÁÃ[˝Á
LXΩG–c˜S Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜* TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á %Á]Á◊V„GÃ[˝ V«fF LÁ„X XÁ, EgıÁ≈◊V„_ £◊X„[˝*
(Fâ¯Áe`)
30Â` %Á◊`üX
AcÕ [˝daÃ[˝ 30 %Á◊`ü„XÃ[˝ a]Á„Ã[˝Ác˜ Â^]X %ÁG–c˜, ÿëˆÁ\ˆÁ◊[˝Eı =¨ªK˜ºÁa C
AEıY“ÁSTˆÁÃ[˝ a◊c˜Tˆ a«a+~ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜, TˆÁc˜Á Â^ GTˆ V«cÕ [˝da„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ÂEıÁXC [˝daÃ[˝
c˜Ã^ XÁcÕ, AcÕ EıUÁ cÕeÃ[˝ÁL [˝ÁÜÁ_› `y”◊]y aEı„_cÕ ÿëˆ›EıÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ [˝ÁW˝Ó
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c˜÷V„Ã^ =daÁc˜ C [˝_C ◊•mS [˝ ◊à˘_Á\ˆ* ◊Eı EıÁÃ[˝S 30 %Á◊`üX [˝ÁÜÁ_›Ã[˝ Y„l˘
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ÂEıÁXC ◊ªJÙÃ[˝ÿˆÇÃ[˝S›Ã^ HªªRÙOXÁ [˝Á ]c˜d LÁTˆ›Ã^ a]ÁÃ[˝„êˆÃ[˝ ÿˆÇÃ[˝S EıÃ[˝ÁcÕÃ^Á ÂVÃ^ ^Ác˜ÁÃ[˝
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H SÁÃ[˝ Y“EıÁ` %U[˝Á Ã[˝ÁLÁÃ[˝ a„Ü %î◊V„XÃ[˝ Ã[˝ÁGÁÃ[˝Á◊G X„c˜, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó =¨JÙTˆÃ[˝
LÁTˆ›^Ã \ˆÁ[˝ ◊X◊c˜Tˆ* %Á]Ã[˝Á [˝Ü[˝Áa›GS %Á±¡p˚ÁX c˜Á[Ã ˝Á c˜c˜^ÃO Á◊ªK˜_Á], 7cÕ %ÁG‰rÙ
ÂacÕ LÁTˆ›Ã^ %Á±¡p˚ÁX Y«X_ÔÁ\ˆ Eı◊Ã[˝_Á], [˝«◊Mı_Á] \ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝ LÁTˆ›Ã^ L›[˝X C
=~◊Tˆ EıÁc˜ÁÃ[˝C %X«G–cãÁ„Yl˘ X„c˜, %Á]Ã[˝Á ◊[˝„V`›Ã[˝ aÁ∂ÉˆÁLÓ XGSÓ C YÃ[˝ÁW˝›X
l«˘V–Áe` X◊c˜, %Á]Ã[˝ÁC LG„Tˆ AEıªªRÙO› LÁ◊Tˆ [˝‰ªRÙO, %Á]Ã[˝Á ÿëˆTˆ‹óˆ, ÈV[˝›`◊N˛a+~,
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%Á±¡p˚Á„XÃ[˝ ◊[˝EıÁ„`Ã[˝ A[˝e 7cÕ %ÁGrÙ ÂacÕ %Á±¡p˚ÁX_Á„\ˆÃ[˝ ◊Tˆ◊U* ÂTˆ]XcÕ
[˝Ü\ˆÜ XÃ^, [˝Ü\ˆ„ÜÃ[˝ %] Tˆ]Ã^ Zı_cÕ 30 %Á◊`ü„XÃ[˝ aÁÃ[˝ÁUÔ*... 30 %Á◊`ü„X
]ÁT ˆp˚ÁX LÁ◊G_, %Á]Ã[˝Á LXX›„Eı Y«X_ÔÁ\ˆ Eı◊Ã[˝_Á], cÕc˜ÁcÕ 30 %Á◊`ü„XÃ[˝

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]ÁT ˆp˚ÁX_Á„\ˆÃ[˝ Y◊[˝y C Y…LÓ ◊Tˆ◊U*
Y«Ã[˝ÁTˆX C X…TˆX
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L„XÓ QˆÁ◊Eı„Tˆ◊Kª ˜ [˝◊_Ã^Á %„X„EıÃ[˝ ]„X Ây‘ÁW˝, \ˆ›◊Tˆ C %Á`·¯Á[Ã ˝ =‰V–Eı c˜c˜^ÃO Á‰ªK˜*
TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ W˝ÁÃ[˝SÁ Y«Ã[˝ÁTˆXcÕ a[[˝Ô]Ü_, ◊XFg«Tˆ aTˆÓ, Y…SÔ p˚ÁX, W˝∂ˆÇÔ B`ü„^ÔÓÃ[˝
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Y„U %G–aÃ[˝ c˜cÕ„Tˆ =VÓTˆ, %E«ı¢ˆ aÁc˜„a \ˆ◊[˝bÓ„TˆÃ[˝ X…Tˆ X %ÁEıÁÃ[˝ G◊QÕˆ„Tˆ
cÕ¨K«˜Eı, %Á]Ã[˝Á XÁ◊Eı Â^Ï[˝„XÃ[˝ ]„V =XΩw¯ YÁ∏JÙÁTˆÓ p˚Á„X Y«rÙ =¨K ˜Ö_ ◊[˝Y„UÃ[˝
Y◊UEı* Y«Ã[˝ÁTˆX„Eı aÃ[˝ÁcÕÃ^Á X…Tˆ„XÃ[˝ %ÁG]X ac˜L EıÃ[˝Á %Tˆ›[˝ ◊[˝Y#XEı,
a[[˝ÔXÁ„`Ã[˝ Y‹öˆÁ* Y«Ã[˝ÁTˆX ^◊V ^ÁÃ^, Tˆ„[˝ \ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝ aXÁTˆX W˝∂ˆÇÔ ÂEıÁUÁÃ^ Ã[˝◊c˜_,
Y«[Ã ˝ÁTˆX„Eı %ÁgEı◊QÕˆ^Ã Á UÁEıÁ Ê`“^Ã , ÂacÕ ◊ªJÙ[Ã ˝‹ˆô X Â]Ál˘Y[Ã ˝TˆÁ, ÂacÕ %T«ˆ_Ó Eı_ÓÁSEı[Ã ˝
]ÁÃ^Á[˝ÁV, --- ÂacÕ %ªJÙ_ ◊ÿöˆ◊Tˆ`›_TˆÁ, ^Ác˜Á \ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝ AEı]Áy a+V* [˝◊_„Tˆ
YÁ◊Ã[˝TˆÁ], \ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝, ◊[˝„`b [˝Ü„V„`Ã[˝ Â^ AFXEıÁÃ[˝ %[˝ÿöˆÁ, TˆÁc˜Á c˜cÕ„Tˆ ◊Eı
%◊W˝Eı a[[˝ÔXÁ`, ◊Eı %◊W˝Eı Â`ÁªJÙX›Ã^ Y◊Ã[˝SÁ] c˜cÕ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝, TˆÁc˜Á Â[˝ÁMıÁ [˝Á
EıîXÁ EıÃ[˝Á V«õıÃ[˝* Y«Ã[˝ÁTˆX„Eı %ÁgEı◊QÕˆÃ^Á ^◊V AcÕ %[˝ÿöˆÁcÕ c˜cÕ_, Tˆ„[˝ X…Tˆ„XÃ[˝
ÊªJÙrÙÁ EıÃ[˝ÁÃ^ ÂVÁb ◊Eı? LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ ] T«ˆÓÃ[˝ %Á`·¯Á =Y◊ÿöˆTˆ, Y«Ã[˝ÁTˆ„XÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ \ˆÃ[˝
◊VÃ^Á ◊X‰∏JÙrÙ UÁEıÁ \ˆÁ_, XÁ AcÕ LÁ_ ◊ªK˜~◊[˝◊¨K˜~ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁÃ[˝ L›[˝„XÃ[˝
]«N˛ Y„U [˝Á◊c˜Ã[˝ c˜cÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ Y“[˝ ◊w¯cÕ Ê`“Ã^ïıÃ[˝? ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á %ÁY◊w¯ Eı„Ã[˝X, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á
%„X„Eı Y◊â¯Tˆ ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ`›_ GSÓ]ÁXÓ [˝Ó◊N˛, TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ =◊N˛ AcÕÃ[˝÷„Y =QÕˆÁcÕÃ^Á
◊V„Tˆ cÕ¨K˜Á Eı◊Ã[˝ XÁ* [˝Ã[˝e %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ EıUÁÃ[˝ TˆÁdY^ÔÓ, %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ AcÕ %Á‚º˜Á„XÃ[˝
G\ˆ›Ã[˝TˆÃ[˝ Tˆ√º¯ [˝«MıÁcÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÊªJÙrÙÁ Eı◊Ã[˝*
aXÁTˆX C Y«Ã[˝ÁTˆX AEı XÃ^* aXÁTˆX ◊ªJÙÃ[˝EıÁ„_Ã[˝, ^Ác˜Á ◊≈yEıÁ_ÁTˆ›Tˆ, ^Ác˜Á
%◊[˝X`üÃ[˝, ^Ác˜Á aEı_ Ã[˝÷YÁ‹ôˆ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ]„W˝Ó %◊[˝◊¨K˜~ W˝ÁÃ[˝ÁÃ^ ◊[˝VÓ]ÁX UÁ„Eı, ^Ác˜Á„Eı
ÂV◊F ◊[˝X`Óda« %◊[˝X`Ó‹ôê, TˆÁc˜ÁcÕ aXÁTˆX* Y«Ã[˝ÁTˆX [˝◊_Ã^Á \ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝ W˝∂ˆÇÔ C
]…_ ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ„Eı %Á]Ã[˝Á aXÁTˆX W˝∂ˆÇÔ aXÁTˆX aTˆÓ [˝◊_ XÁ, %Á±¡ÁX«\…ˆ◊Tˆ_ç˘ aXÁTˆX
%Á±¡p˚ÁX [˝◊_Ã^Á ÂacÕ ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ, aXÁTˆX p˚Á„X Y“◊Tˆ◊úˆTˆ [˝◊_Ã^Á ÂacÕ W˝∂ˆÇÔ aXÁTˆX*
Y«Ã[˝ÁTˆX aXÁTˆ„XÃ[˝ AEıªRÙO› a]„Ã^ÁY„^ÁG› Ã[˝÷Y ]Áy*
Y…SÔTˆÁ
Y…SÔ„^Á„GÃ[˝ Y‹öˆÁÃ^ YVÁYÔS Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^ÁªK˜, Y…SÔ„^Á„GÃ[˝ %UÔ C =„Å`Ó ◊Eı TˆÁc˜ÁcÕ
AEı[˝ÁÃ[˝ Tˆ_ÁcÕÃ^Á ÂV◊FÃ^Á %G–aÃ[˝ c˜C* ◊a◊à˘Ã[˝ =¨JÙ ◊`F„Ã[˝ %ÁÃ[˝÷ªRÕÙ c˜cÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ ]c˜d
%ÁEıÁIl˘Á ^Ác˜ÁÃ[˝, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ V«ªRÙO› EıUÁ a]ÓEı LÁXÁ Y“„Ã^ÁLX, =„Å`Ó C Y‹öˆÁ*
Y‹öˆÁÃ[˝ EıUÁ Y„Ã[˝ [˝◊_[˝, %Á„G =„Å„`ÓÃ[˝ Y…SÔ ◊ªJÙy ÂTˆÁ]Á„VÃ[˝ ÊªJÙÁ„FÃ[˝ aÁ]„X
Y…SÔ\ˆÁ„[˝ V ªRÕÙ„Ã[˝FÁÃ^ Zı_ÁX VÃ[˝EıÁÃ[˝*
Y…SÔTˆÁÃ[˝ %UÔ ◊Eı? Y…SÔTˆÁ \ˆÁG[˝Tˆ aw¯ÁÃ[˝ ÿëˆÃ[˝÷Y, \ˆÁG[˝Tˆ› Y“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝ W˝∂ˆÇÔ*
]ÁX«b %Y…S,Ô Y…STÔ ˆÁ[Ã ˝ Y“^Ã Áa›, Y…STÔ ˆÁ[Ã ˝ ◊V„Eı y‘]◊[˝EıÁ`, %Á±¡ÁÃ[˝ y‘]-%◊\ˆ[˝Ó◊N˛Ã[˝
W˝ÁÃ[˝ÁÃ^ %G–aÃ[˝* Y…SÔTˆÁ TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ G‹ôˆ[˝ÓÿöˆÁX, ]ÁX«b \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ AEıªRÙO› %à˘¤◊[˝Eı◊`Tˆ
Ã[˝÷Y, ÂacÕLXÓ Âa \ˆÁG[˝Tˆ Y…SÔTˆÁÃ[˝ Y◊UEı* AcÕ ]ÁX«bÃ[˝÷Y ]«E«ı„_ \ˆÁG[˝Tˆ-
Y„≤øÃ[˝ Y…SÔTˆÁ _«hıÁ◊Ã^Tˆ, TˆÁc˜Á y‘„] y‘„] %Á‰ÿôˆ %Á‰ÿôˆ Y“E ı◊Tˆ Z«ıªRÙOÁcÕ„Tˆ a‰ªJÙrÙ
%Á‰ªK˜* Â^ÁG-%\ˆÓÁ„a Â^ÁG`◊N˛„Tˆ Âa ]c˜Á„[˝„G ±ºˆ◊Ã[˝Tˆ◊[˝EıÁ„` Z«ı◊ªRÙO„Tˆ %ÁÃ[˝êˆ
Eı„Ã[˝*
Â_Á„Eı ^Ác˜Á„Eı Y…SÔ ]X«bÓ±ºˆ [˝„_, ]ÁX◊aEı =~◊Tˆ, ÈX◊TÊı aÁW˝«TˆÁ, ◊ªJÙw¯[˝ ◊w¯Ã[˝
_◊_Tˆ ◊[˝EıÁ`, ªJÙ◊Ã[˝‰yÃ[˝ ÂTˆL, Y“Á„SÃ[˝ [˝_, ÈV◊c˜Eı ÿëˆÁÿöˆÓ, Âa \ˆÁG[˝Tˆ Y…SÔTˆÁ
XÃ^* Âa Y“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝ AEıªRÙO› Fâ¯-W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ Y…SÔTˆÁ* %Á±¡ÁÃ[˝ Y…SÔTˆÁÃ^, ]ÁXaÁTˆ›Tˆ
◊[˝p˚ÁX`◊N˛Ã[˝ Y…SÔTˆÁÃ^ Y“E ıTˆ %Fâ¯ Y…SÔTˆÁ %Á„a* EıÁÃ[˝S, %Fâ¯ %Á±¡ÁcÕ %Áa_
Y«Ã[˝”b, ]ÁX«„bÃ[˝ ]ÁX◊aEı Y“Á◊SEı C ÈV◊c˜Eı Y«Ã[˝”b±ºˆ TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ AEıªRÙO› Fâ¯ ◊[˝EıÁ`
]Áy* %ÁÃ[˝ ]„XÃ[˝ ◊[˝EıÁ` ◊[˝p˚Á„XÃ[˝ AEıªRÙO› Fâ¯ [˝Á◊c˜ÓEı ◊[˝E ıTˆ ÂF_Á, ]„XÃ[˝
Y“E ıTˆ Y…SÔTˆÁ %Á„a ^FX Âa ◊[˝p˚Á„X Y◊Ã[˝STˆ c˜Ã^* %Fâ¯ %Á±¡Á LGd„Eı
◊[˝p˚ÁX`◊N˛•ÁÃ[˝Á a LX Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ◊XÃ^◊‹óˆTˆ Eı„Ã[˝, ◊[˝p˚ÁX`◊N˛Ã[˝ •ÁÃ[˝Á Fâ¯„Eı %F„â¯
T«ˆ◊_Ã^Á ÂVÃ^* %Á±¡Á ]ÁX«„bÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó ]ÁXaÃ[˝÷Y YÅ¤ÁÃ^ _«hıÁ◊Ã^Tˆ Ã[˝◊c˜Ã^Á‰ªK˜, YÅ¤Á
aÃ[˝ÁcÕÃ^Á %Á±¡ÁÃ[˝ ÿëˆÃ[˝÷Y ÂVFÁ ÂVÃ^* %Á±¡`◊N˛ ]„X F[[˝ÔÁE ıTˆ %à˘¤Y“EıÁ◊`Tˆ
%à˘¤_«hıÁ◊Ã^Tˆ Ã[˝÷Y C y‘›QÕˆÁ %X«\ˆ[˝ Eı„Ã[˝, ◊[˝p˚ÁX`◊N˛ ^FX F«„_ TˆFXcÕ
%Á±¡`◊N˛Ã[˝ Y…SÔ ÿˆè«ıÃ[˝S*
Y…SÔ„^Á„GÃ[˝ ]«FÓ _l˘S
\ˆÁ„[˝Ã[˝ ◊V„Eı, Tˆ„√º¯Ã[˝ ◊V„Eı Y…SÔ„^Á„GÃ[˝ %„XEı EıUÁ [˝_Á c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜, AFX
^FX %„X„Eı AcÕ Y„U %Á◊aÃ^Á‰ªK˜ C %Á◊a„Tˆ‰ªK˜, AEı[˝ÁÃ[˝ ac˜L\ˆÁ„[˝, %Á]Á„VÃ[˝
AcÕ Â^ÁGY‹öˆÁ =„Å`Ó C Â^ÁG◊a◊à˘Ã[˝ ]«FÓ _l˘S [˝ÓÁFÓÁ EıÃ[˝Á Y“„Ã^ÁLX c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜*
Â^ÁGÁ[˝ÿöˆÁ EıFXC [˝«◊à˘Ã[˝ ac˜LG]Ó XÃ^, Y“E ıTˆ Â[˝ÁMıÁ %X«\…ˆ◊Tˆ aÁ„Yl˘,
%Á„±¡ÁY_◊ç˘Ã[˝ Zı_, TÛÁ◊Y [˝«◊à˘Ã[˝ a∂ˆÇ«„F TˆÁÃ[˝ A]X %Á\ˆÁa ÿöˆÁYX EıÃ[˝Á
VÃ[˝EıÁÃ[˝ Â^ AcÕ Y„UÃ[˝ ◊V◊Gü◊VEı G‹ôˆ[˝ÓÿöˆÁX C XEÀıaÁ ]ÁXaV ◊rÙ„Tˆ ◊ªJÙ◊≈yTˆ Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝
^Ác˜ÁÃ[˝Á Y…SÔ Â^Á„GÃ[˝ =„Å`Ó C _l˘S LÁ◊X„Tˆ ªJÙÁÃ^, TˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ ac˜L =Y_◊ç˘Ã[˝
LXÓ, ---
[%a+…SÔ]
*
%Á]Á„VÃ[˝ %ÁV`Ô Â]Ál˘ XÃ^, [˝–„°˘ _›X c˜cÕÃ^Á %◊X„Å¤`Ó %X„‹ôˆ ◊X[[˝ÔÁS
Y“Á◊ä XÃ^, %ÁV`Ô [˝Ó◊rÙÃ[˝ C a]◊rÙÃ[˝ \ˆÁG[˝Tˆ ËªJÙTˆXÓ _Á\ˆ, \ˆÁG[˝Tˆ ËªJÙTˆ„XÓ BEıÓ
ae◊a◊à˘ %ÁX≥V, ÂacÕ ËªJÙTˆ„XÓ %Á±¡[˝ÁX c˜cÕÃ^Á %Á±¡Y“◊Tˆ◊úˆTˆ \ˆG[˝d‰Y“◊Ã[˝Tˆ
\ˆG[˝d`◊N˛ ªJÙÁ◊_Tˆ L›[˝X C Eı∂ˆÇÔ, ]«N˛[˝d Eı∂ˆÇÔ* G›TˆÁÃ^ ^Ác˜Á [˝_Á %Á‰ªK˜,
""Â^ÁGÿöˆf E«ıÃ[˝” Eı∂ˆÇÔÁ◊S'', Âa Â^ÁGÿöˆ Eı∂ˆÇÔ ÂEı[˝_ AcÕ aÁW˝XÁÃ[˝ %Ü XÃ^, ◊a◊à˘Ã[˝C
AEı Y“W˝ÁX %Ü* a]ÿôˆ L›[˝X„Eı %Á‹ôˆÃ[˝ C [˝Ác˜Ó„Eı \ˆÁG[˝Tˆ aw¯ÁÃ^ Y“EıÁ` C
\ˆÁG[˝Tˆ B„EıÓÃ[˝ %◊\ˆ[˝Ó◊N˛ EıÃ[˝Á AcÕ Â^Á„GÃ[˝ =„Å`Ó C ◊aà˘Á[˝ÿöˆÁÃ[˝ _l˘S*
*
Y…SÔ Â^Á„GÃ[˝ ªJÙÁ◊Ã[˝ªRÙO› %Ü, p˚ÁX Eı∂ˆÇÔ ÊY“] ◊a◊à˘* AcÕ ªJÙÁ◊Ã[˝ªRÙO› ÿôˆ„êˆÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝
ÂV[˝L›[˝„XÃ[˝ %}„\ˆV› aTˆÓ]◊≥VÃ[˝ Y“◊Tˆ◊úˆTˆ*
Y…SÔ„^Á„G p˚ÁX„^Á„GÃ[˝ =„Å`Ó Â]Ál˘ XÃ^, _Ã^ XÃ^, aeaÁÃ[˝\ˆ›Ã[˝”Ã[˝ Y_ÁÃ^X
XÃ^, ◊[˝Ã[˝ÁG›Ã[˝ ◊[˝`ü◊[˝T ˆb’Á XÃ^, YÃ[˝[˝–„°˘Ã[˝ %ÁEıÁIl˘ÁÃ^ _›_Á]Ã^ \ˆG[˝ÁX„Eı V…Ã[˝
Eı[Ã ˝Á XÃ^* AcÕ p˚Á„XÃ[˝ =„Å`Ó \ˆG[˝ÁX„Eı LÁXÁ, \ˆÁG[˝Tˆ ËªJÙTˆ„XÓ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ËªJÙTˆXÓ„Eı
ÂTˆÁ_Á, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ a„Ü AEı c˜CÃ^Á, %Á±¡ÁÃ^ A[˝e LG„Tˆ AEı, ◊[˝p˚Á„X A[˝e
]XY“ÁS◊ªJÙ„w¯ AEı, `Ã[˝›„Ã[˝ AEı, ◊EıªK«˜cÕ [˝ÁV ◊V[˝ XÁ* Y…SÔ %Í•Tˆ, ...a[[˝Ôe F◊_üVe
[˝–°˘, T«ˆÃ[˝›Ã^; EıÁÃ[˝S a…©ø, ÿöˆ…_, a«b«◊ä, ÿëˆY¬, LÁG–d, [˝–°˘]ÁÃ^Á Y«Ã[˝”b Y“E ı◊Tˆ T«ˆ◊]
%Á◊] ÂacÕ a[˝cÕ ◊Tˆ◊X, [˝Áa«„V[˝e a[[˝Ô◊]◊Tˆ, cÕc˜ÁcÕ AcÕ p˚Á„XÃ[˝ ]…_ ]‹óˆ*
[%a+…SÔ]
*
G›TˆÁÃ^ [˝„_, a]TˆÁcÕ Â^ÁG, a]±ºê Â^ÁG =ªJÙÓ„Tˆ* %ÁÃ[˝C [˝„_, ^gÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝
]X aÁ„]Ó V ªRÕÙ Y“◊Tˆúˆ, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ÁcÕ LG„Tˆ Ã[˝◊c˜Ã^Á LG#Ã^›, EıÁÃ[˝S YÃ[˝] [˝–°˘
Â^„c˜Tˆ« a[[˝yÔ a]\ˆÁ„[˝ ◊[˝[Ã ˝ÁL]ÁX, a]TˆÁY“Áä Â^ÁG◊aà˘ p˚ÁX› C Eı∂ˆÇfi a[[˝EÔ ı„∂ˆÇÔ
a[[˝Ô\ˆÁ„[˝ [˝–„°˘cÕ V ªRÕÙY“◊Tˆúˆ*
cÕÍc˜[˝ ÈTˆ◊#¤Tˆf a„GÔÁ Â^bÁe aÁ„]Ó ◊ÿöˆTê ]Xf*

◊X„V¤Ábe ◊c˜ a]e [˝–°˘ TˆÿˆÇÁVÀ [˝–°˘◊S ÂTˆ ◊ÿöˆTˆÁf**
cÕc˜ÁcÕ a]TˆÁ Tˆ„√º¯Ã[˝ ]…_ ◊\ˆ◊w¯*

Y…SÔ Â^Á„GÃ[˝ aÁW˝X Y“SÁ_›„Tˆ a]TˆÁ c˜cÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜ Â^ÁG◊a◊à˘Ã[˝ %Á„Ã[˝Ác˜„S ]«FÓ
ÂaÁYÁX* %U[˝Á [˝◊_„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝, [˝–°˘\ˆÁ[˝ Â^Á„GÃ[˝ \…ˆ◊]ÿëˆÃ[˝÷Y, a]TˆÁ [˝ ‹ôˆ, %ÁÃ[˝
^TˆcÕ aÁW˝X_\ˆÓ [˝ÿô«ˆ XÁXÁ Yy Y«πY C Zı_* Y…SÔ aw¯Á, Y…SÔ %Á±¡p˚ÁX, Y…SÔ
ËªJÙTˆXÓ, Y…SÔ TˆYf`◊N˛, Y…SÔ %Fâ¯ %ÁX≥V, cÕc˜Á„VÃ[˝ AEıªRÙO›C a]TˆÁ ◊\ˆ~ _Á\ˆ
Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ =YÁÃ^ XÁcÕ, Y…SÔ a]TˆÁÃ^cÕ AcÕm„_ÁÃ[˝ Y…SÔTˆÁC ◊[˝Eı◊aTˆ C V ªRÕÙ_ç˘,
ÂacÕcÕ L„XÓ ^Tˆ◊VX ◊XFg«Tˆ a]TˆÁ aÁW˝„EıÃ[˝ ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ ÿöˆÁÃ^› ◊[˝`Á_ C ◊X„Ã[˝ªRÙO XÁ
c˜Ã^, TˆTˆ◊VX AcÕ Â^ÁG◊a◊à˘Ã[˝ ◊\ˆ◊w¯ %V ªRÕÙ C %Y^ÔÓÁä [˝«◊Mı„Tˆ c˜cÕ„[˝* a]TˆÁ
a«◊aà˘ c˜cÕ„_cÕ Â^ÁGYU a] ◊Xõı∞ªRÙOEı, ÂaÁLÁ aÃ[˝_ @L« %ÁX≥V]Ã^ c˜cÕÃ^Á ^ÁÃ^*
*
\ˆÁG[˝Tˆ aw¯ÁÃ[˝ a„Ü AEı c˜CÃ^Á, \ˆÁG[˝Tˆ ËªJÙTˆ„XÓ ÊªJÙTˆXÁ ae„^ÁG Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á
TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝ÓcÕ %[˝ÿöˆÁX EıÃ[˝Á, \ˆÁG[˝Tˆ `◊N˛Ã[˝ Y“\ˆÁ„[˝ ◊XL `◊N˛„Eı _›X EıÃ[˝Á,
\ˆÁG[˝Tˆ aÁW˝∂ˆÇÔÓ _Á„\ˆ ◊aà˘ %Á±¡[˝ÁX c˜CÃ^Á, cÕc˜ÁcÕ Y…SÔ„^Á„GÃ[˝ =„Å`Ó* AEı
EıUÁ ÂV[˝ LXΩ _Á\ˆ, \ˆÁG[˝Tˆ L›[˝X*
◊X_Ôl˘S %◊X„Å¤`Ó _Ã^ X„c˜, ÂaÃ[˝÷Y Â]Ál˘ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ %◊\ˆ‰Y“Tˆ XÃ^* [˝–°˘
Y…SÔ„^Á„GÃ[˝ ]«FÓ _l˘S 247
◊XTˆÓ aXÁTˆX, LGdÃ[˝÷Y [˝–°˘◊[˝EıÁ`C ◊XTˆÓ aXÁTˆX* %Á◊] ÂacÕ Y“EıÁ„`Ã[˝

AEıªRÙO› ÂEı≥V–, a]ÿôˆ LGd %Á]ÁÃ[˝ Y◊Ã[˝◊W˝, aEı_ [˝–°˘Áâ¯ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ◊[˝`ü ÿëˆÃ[˝÷Y,
aEı_ L›[˝ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ %GSX %Á◊], Â^]X %X‹ôˆ [˝–„°˘Ã[˝ %◊X„Å¤`Ó BEıÓ, aTˆÓ,
[˝–„°˘Ã[˝ AcÕ [˝ß Ã[˝÷Y ◊[˝◊`rÙ BEıÓ aTˆÓ*
mÃ[˝”[˝–°˘ Y«Ã[˝”„bÁw¯] %l˘Ã[˝ LGd ◊[˝EıÁ„`C Y«Ã[˝”b ÿëˆÃ[˝÷„Y ÂacÕ %◊X„Å¤`Ó
BEıÓ Â\ˆÁG Eı„Ã[˝, l˘Ã[˝ Y«Ã[˝”„b Â^ [˝ß Ã[˝÷Y ◊[˝◊`rÙ BEıÓC AEıcÕ a]„Ã^ AEıcÕ
%ÁW˝Á„Ã[˝ Â\ˆÁG Eı„Ã[˝* Y«Ã[˝”„bÁw¯„]Ã[˝ AcÕ _›_Á %Á◊]...* AcÕ ◊•◊[˝W˝ Ã[˝a„\ˆÁ„GcÕ
%X„‹ôˆÃ[˝ Y…SÔTˆÁ*
\ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ %Fâ¯ aw¯Á AEı, ÂacÕ aw¯Á„Eı %Á]Ã[˝Á YÃ[˝]Á±¡Á [˝◊_*
]ÁX[˝a]Á„LÃ[˝ ◊TˆX y‘]
]ÁX«„bÃ[˝ p˚ÁX C `◊N˛ y‘]◊[˝EıÁ„` XÁXÁÃ[˝÷Y W˝ÁÃ[˝S Eı„Ã[˝* ÂacÕ ◊[˝EıÁ„`Ã[˝ ◊TˆXªRÙO›
%[˝ÿöˆÁ ÂV◊F --- `Ã[˝›Ã[˝Y“W˝ÁX Y“ÁS◊XÃ^◊‹óˆTˆ Y“ÁE ıTˆ %[˝ÿöˆÁ, [˝«◊à˘Y“W˝ÁX =~Tˆ ]W˝Ó
%[˝ÿöˆÁ, %Á±¡Y“W˝ÁX Ê`“úˆ Y◊Ã[˝S◊Tˆ*˝
`Ã[˝›Ã[˝Y“W˝ÁX Y“ÁS◊XÃ^◊‹óˆTˆ ]ÁX«b EıÁ] C %„UÔÃ[˝ VÁa* LÁ„X ac˜L a[[˝Ô-
aÁW˝ÁÃ[˝S \ˆÁ[˝ C ÊY“Ã[˝SÁ (instinct C impulse), EıÁ]XÁÃ^ EıÁ]XÁÃ^, %„UÔ %„UÔ
aeHbÔ =◊PˆÃ^Á HªRÙOXÁYÃ[˝+Ã[˝ÁÃ^ a rÙ Â^ [˝Ó[˝ÿöˆÁ a«◊[˝W˝ÁLXEı [˝◊_Ã^Á Y“◊Tˆ\ˆÁTˆ c˜Ã^,
TˆÁc˜Á„EıcÕ YªK˜≥V Eı„[Ã ˝, A]X %î [˝Á %„XEı [˝Ó[˝ÿˆö Á[Ã ˝ aec˜◊Tˆ„Eı W˝∂ˆÇÔ [˝„_* [Ã ˝”◊ªJÙ-
YÃ[˝+Ã[˝ÁGTˆ, E«ı_GTˆ [˝Á aÁ]Á◊LEı %ÁªJÙÁÃ[˝ AcÕÃ[˝÷Y ◊X∂oˆ Y“ÁE ıTˆ %[˝ÿöˆÁÃ[˝ W˝∂ˆÇÔ*
Y“ÁE ıTˆ ]ÁX«„bÃ[˝ Â]Á„l˘Ã[˝ EıîXÁ UÁ„Eı XÁ, %Á±¡ÁÃ[˝ aµ˘ÁX Âa YÁÃ^ XÁcÕ* TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝
%[˝ÁW˝ `ÁÃ[˝›◊Ã[˝Eı C Y“Á◊SEı Y“[˝ ◊w¯Ã[˝ %[˝ÁW˝ _›_Á„l˘y AEıªRÙO› Eı◊îTˆ ÿëˆGÔ* TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝
CcÕ◊V„Eı TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ =◊Pˆ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ XÁ* ÂVc˜YÁ„Tˆ ÿëˆGÔG]XcÕ TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Â]Ál˘*
[˝«◊à˘Y“W˝ÁX ]ÁX«b EıÁ] C %UÔ„Eı ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ•ÁÃ[˝Á ◊XÃ^◊‹óˆTˆ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ a[˝ÔVÁ a‰ªJÙrÙ*
EıÁ„]Ã[˝ Ê`“úˆ ªJÙ◊Ã[˝TˆÁUÔTˆÁ ÂEıÁUÁÃ^, L›[˝„XÃ[˝ %„XEı ◊\ˆ~]«F› %„UÔÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó ÂEıÁX
%UÔ„Eı Y“ÁW˝ÁXÓ ÂVCÃ^Á =◊ªJÙTˆ C %ÁV`Ô L›[˝„XÃ[˝ ÿëˆÃ[˝÷Y ◊Eı, --- [˝«◊à˘ªJÙÁ◊_Tˆ ◊Eı
◊XÃ^„]Ã[˝ aÁc˜Á„^Ó Âa ÿëˆÃ[˝÷Y Y◊Ã[˝ÿZ«ıªRÙO, %ÁV`Ô ◊aà˘ c˜Ã^, AcÕ G„[˝bSÁÃ^ Âa
[˝ÓÁY Tˆ* AcÕ ÿëˆ[Ã ˝÷Y, %ÁV`Ô ◊XÃ^„]Ã[˝ ÂEıÁX AEıªRÙ›O ` Ö_Á[˝à˘ %X«`›_X„Eı [˝◊« à˘]ÁX
a]Á„LÃ[˝ W˝∂ˆÇÔ [˝◊_Ã^Á ÿöˆÁYX Eı◊[Ã ˝„Tˆ c˜Ö K«˜Eı* =~Tˆ ]ÁXap˚Á„X %Á„_Á◊EıTˆ a]Á„LÃ[˝
◊XÃ^‹ôˆÁ AcÕÃ[˝÷Y W˝∂ˆÇÔ[˝«◊à˘cÕ*
%Á±¡Y“W˝ÁX ]ÁX«b [˝«◊à˘ ]X Y“ÁS `Ã[˝›„Ã[˝Ã[˝ %Tˆ›Tˆ G…ªRÕÙ %Á±¡ÁÃ[˝ aµ˘ÁX YÁcÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜,
%Á±¡p˚Á„XcÕ L›[˝„XÃ[˝ G◊Tˆ Y“◊TˆúˆÁ Eı„Ã[˝, --- Â]Ál˘, %Á±¡Y“Á◊ä, \ˆG[˝ÁX„Eı _Á\ˆ
EıÃ[˝Á L›[˝„XÃ[˝ Y◊Ã[˝S◊Tˆ [˝«◊MıÃ^Á %Á±¡Y“W˝ÁX ]ÁX«b ÂacÕ◊V„Eı TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ a]ÿôˆ G◊Tˆ
Y◊Ã[˝ªJÙÁ◊_Tˆ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ ªJÙÁÃ^, Â^ L›[˝XY“SÁ_› C %ÁV`Ô %X«`›_X %Á±¡Y“Á◊äÃ[˝
=Y„^ÁG›, ^Ác˜Á„Tˆ ]ÁX«„bÃ[˝ ]ÁX[˝›^Ã y‘]◊[˝EıÁ„`Ã[˝ C ÂacÕ =„Å„`ÓÃ[˝ ◊V„Eı %G–a[Ã ˝
c˜cÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ aêˆÁ[˝XÁ TˆÁc˜Á„EıcÕ Âa W˝∂ˆÇÔ [˝„_* Ê`“úˆ a]ÁL AcÕÃ[˝÷Y %ÁV`Ô AcÕÃ[˝÷Y
W˝∂ˆÇÔ •ÁÃ[˝Á ªJÙÁ◊_Tˆ*
Y“ÁSY[[˝˝Ô c˜cÕ„Tˆ [˝«◊à˘„Tˆ, [˝«◊à˘ c˜cÕ„Tˆ [˝«◊à˘Ã[˝ %Tˆ›Tˆ %Á±¡ÁÃ^, W˝Á„Y W˝Á„Y
\ˆÁG[˝Tˆ Y[[˝˝Ô„Tˆ ]X«bÓ^Áy›Ã[˝ >àù˘˝ÔGÁ]› ◊XÃ^Tˆ %Á„Ã[˝Ác˜S*
*
]ÁX[˝a]Á„LÃ[˝ ◊TˆX y‘] 249
ÂEıÁXC AEı a]Á„L AEı]Áy W˝ÁÃ[˝Á V rÙ c˜Ã^ XÁ* Y“ÁÃ^ aEı_ a]Á„LcÕ AcÕ
◊TˆX Y“EıÁÃ[˝ ]ÁX«b [˝Áa Eı„Ã[˝, ÂacÕ ]X«bÓ-a]◊rÙÃ[˝ a]ÁLC ◊]`“LÁTˆ›Ã^ c˜Ã^*
Y“ÁE ıTˆ a]Á„LC [˝«◊à˘]ÁX C %Á±¡[˝ÁX Y«Ã[˝”b UÁ„Eı* TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á ^◊V ◊[˝Ã[˝_,
aec˜◊TˆÃ[˝◊c˜Tˆ [˝Á %◊aà˘ [c˜X], [Tˆ„[˝] a]Á„LÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ ◊[˝„`b ◊EıªK«˜ Zı_ c˜Ã^ XÁ*
^◊V [˝ßaeFÓEı„Eı aec˜◊Tˆ[˝à˘ Eı◊[Ã ˝^Ã Á `◊N˛]ÁX ◊aà˘ [c˜X], Tˆ„[˝cÕ Y“ÁE ıTˆ a]ÁL„Eı
]«◊rÙ„Tˆ W˝◊Ã[˝Ã^Á TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ EıTÊıªRÙOÁ =~◊Tˆ aÁW˝X Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ al˘] c˜X* Tˆ„[˝ Y“ÁE ıTˆL„XÃ[˝
%Á◊W˝„EıÓÃ[˝ VÃ[˝”S [˝«◊à˘]Á„XÃ[˝ [˝Á %Á±¡[˝Á„XÃ[˝ W˝∂ˆÇÔ Y“ÁÃ^cÕ ◊[˝E ıTˆ c˜Ã^, [˝«◊à˘Ã[˝ W˝∂ˆÇÔ
%W˝Ô] Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á Y‰QÕˆ, conventionA Y◊Ã[˝STˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á %Á±¡p˚Á„XÃ[˝ W˝∂ˆÇÔ Ã[˝”◊ªJÙ C
[˝Á◊c˜ÓEı %ÁªJÙÁ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ªJÙÁ„Y ◊zırÙ, Y¿Á◊[˝Tˆ, Y“ÁSc˜›X, ÿëˆ_l˘Ó}rÙ --- AcÕ Y◊Ã[˝SÁ]
a[[˝˝VÔ Á ÂV◊F*
[˝«◊à˘Ã[˝ Y“Á[˝_Ó ^FX c˜Ã^, [˝«◊à˘ a]Á„LÃ[˝ ÂXTˆÁ aÁ◊LÃ^Á %„[˝ÁW˝ Ã[˝”◊ªJÙ C
%ÁªJÙÁÃ[˝„Eı \ˆÁ◊ÜÃ^Á [˝V_ÁcÕÃ^Á ]ÁXap˚Á„X %Á„_Á◊EıTˆ W˝∂ˆÇÔ Y“◊TˆúˆÁÃ[˝ ÊªJÙrÙÁ [Eı„Ã[˝],
ÂV◊F* YÁ∏JÙÁ„TˆÓÃ[˝ p˚Á„XÃ[˝ %Á„_ÁEı (enlightenment) aÁ]Ó ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁ È]y›
AcÕ ÊªJÙrÙÁÃ[˝ AEıªRÙO› Ã[˝÷Y ]Áy* ◊a◊à˘ %aêˆ[˝* %Á±¡p˚Á„XÃ[˝ %\ˆÁ„[˝ [˝«◊à˘]ÁXC
Y“ÁS-]X-`Ã[˝›„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ªRÙOÁ„X ◊X„LÃ[˝ %ÁV`Ô ◊X„L ◊[˝E ıTˆ Eı„Ã[˝, ◊X∂oˆY“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝ c˜ÁTˆ
AQÕˆÁX Eı◊PˆX* ]W˝Ó %[˝ÿöˆÁ, ]W˝Ó %[˝ÿöˆÁÃ^ ÿöˆÁ◊Ã^±ºˆ XÃ^ --- c˜Ã^ X›‰ªJÙÃ[˝ ◊V„Eı YTˆX,
XÃ^ =‰¨JÙÃ[˝ ◊V„Eı =PˆÁ, AcÕ V«cÕ ªRÙOÁ„X [˝«◊à˘ ÂVÁV«_Ó]ÁX* %Á±¡[˝ÁX %Á±¡p˚Á„XÃ[˝
ÂLÓÁ◊TˆfÿZ«ıÃ[˝„S Ã[˝”◊ªJÙ C %ÁªJÙÁÃ[˝„Eı =¨JÙ W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ =Y^«N˛ ac˜ÁÃ^ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á, =¨JÙ W˝„∂ˆÇÔ
Y◊Ã[˝STˆ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ a‰ªJÙrÙ* TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝C ÊªJÙrÙÁÃ^ %„XEı ◊[˝Y„VÃ[˝ aêˆÁ[˝XÁ* ◊X‰∂oˆÃ[˝ ªRÙOÁX
%◊Tˆ [˝QˆÕ Rª ÙÁO X, Y“ÁE ıTˆL„XÃ[˝ ◊X∂oˆYE“ ı ◊Tˆ[Ã ˝ a„Ü Â[˝ÁMıÁYQÕˆÁ Eı◊[Ã ˝„Tˆ ÂG„_ %Á±¡Y“W˝ÁX
a]Á„LÃ[˝C %„W˝ÁG◊TˆÃ[˝ %Á`·¯Á*
*
[◊X∂oˆ◊_◊FTˆ %e`◊ªRÙO `“›%Ã[˝◊[˝„≥VÃ[˝ ÂXÁªRÙO [˝cÕ„Ã^ =Y„Ã[˝Ã[˝ Ã[˝ªJÙXÁ◊ªRÙOÃ[˝

◊PÊı Y…„[˝Ô ◊_◊FTˆ %Á‰ªK˜*]
AcÕ p˚ÁX C `◊N˛ a]ÁL„Eı ªJÙÁ_ÁcÕ„[˝, a]ÁL„Eı GPˆX Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝, Y“„Ã^ÁLX
]Tˆ TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ %ÁEıÁÃ[˝ aÁW˝ÁÃ[˝S ◊XÃ^] [˝V_ÁcÕÃ^Á ◊V„[˝* A L›[˝„XÃ[˝ ÿˆZı«Ã[˝„S p˚ÁX
C `◊N˛Ã[˝ ◊[˝EıÁ„`Ã[˝ a„Ü a]Á„LÃ[˝C Ã[˝÷YÁ‹ôˆÃ[˝ %[˝`ÓêˆÁ[˝›* ]ÁX«„bÃ[˝ L›[˝„XÃ[˝
Y“E ıTˆ ◊XÃ^‹ôˆÁ \ˆG[˝Åw¯ L›[˝‹ôˆ p˚ÁX C `◊N˛, ^Ác˜ÁÃ[˝ =w¯„Ã[˝Áw¯Ã[˝ [˝ ◊à˘ y‘]-
◊[˝EıÁ„`Ã[˝ =„Å`Ó* a]ÁL =„Å`Ó c˜cÕ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ XÁ, a]ÁL ^‹óˆ C =YÁÃ^* a]ÁL
^„‹óˆÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó ac˜ÿÉˆ [˝µ˘„X [˝à˘ ]ÁX«b„Eı ÂYbS EıÃ[˝ÁÃ^ ◊X∏JÙ_TˆÁ C %[˝X◊TˆcÕ
%◊X[˝Á^ÔÓ*
]X«„bÓÃ[˝ \ˆG[˝dY“Á◊ä, \ˆÁG[˝Tˆ %Á±¡◊[˝EıÁ` L›[˝„XÃ[˝ _l˘Ó* ÂacÕ _„l˘ÓÃ[˝
◊V„Eı ^ÁÃ[˝Á %G–aÃ[˝ c˜cÕ„[˝, \ˆG[˝d-p˚ÁX„EıcÕ Â^]X [˝Ó◊rÙÃ[˝ ÂTˆ]XcÕ a]◊rÙÃ[˝ L›[˝„XÃ[˝
◊XÃ^Á]Eı Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ c˜cÕ„[˝* [˝«◊à˘„Eı p˚Á„XÃ[˝ ÿöˆÁ„X [˝aÁcÕ„Tˆ XÁcÕ* Y“ÁªJÙ›X %Á^ÔÓ
LÁ◊Tˆ[Ã ˝ a]ÁL ]«N˛ ÿëˆÁW˝›X a]ÁL ◊ªK˜_, `“”◊Tˆ _ç˝˝ \ˆÁG[˝Tˆ p˚Á„X Y“◊Tˆ◊úˆTˆ Eı„^Ã Eı◊Rª ÙO
]«FÓ Tˆ√º¯ _cÕÃ^Á G◊PˆTˆ* TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ Eı„ÃÊı◊ªRÙO %TˆÓî ◊[˝„`b ◊XÃ^] Ê`“ÏTˆ
W˝∂ˆÇÔa…‰y aeEı◊_Tˆ, %Á^ÔÓW˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ ]«FÓ Tˆ„√º¯Ã[˝ Â^m◊_„Tˆ a]„Ã^ÁY„^ÁG› aÁ]Á◊LEı
%ÁE ı◊Tˆ ÂVCÃ^Á c˜Ã^* Â^]X ]ÁX«„bÃ[˝ [˝«◊à˘Ã[˝ %Á◊W˝YTˆÓ [˝Á◊QÕˆ„Tˆ _Á◊G_, cÕc˜Á„Tˆ
ÂacÕ [˝«◊à˘Ã[˝ [˝gÁW˝Á YÁ◊Ã[˝YÁ‰ªRÙOÓÃ[˝ ÿëˆÁ\ˆÁ◊[˝Eı & c˜Á %ÁÃ[˝ T ˆä c˜Ã^ XÁ* ◊XÃ^] ◊ªK˜_
Â^ Y◊Ã[˝]Á„S Â^ `Áÿóˆ `“”◊TˆÃ[˝ Y„U ªJÙ„_, ÂEı[˝_ ÂacÕ `Áÿóˆ ÂacÕ Y◊Ã[˝]Á„S G–Ác˜Ó*
◊[˝Y«_ÁEıÁÃ[˝ ÿˆÇÁwÔ¯ `Áÿóˆ Ã[˝◊ªJÙTˆ c˜Ã^* Tˆ„[˝ %Á„^ÔÓÃ[˝Á AcÕ EıUÁ \«ˆ„_X XÁcÕ Â^ `“”◊TˆcÕ
%Áa_* ÿˆÇ ◊Tˆ ÂGÏS, `“”◊Tˆ aXÁTˆX, ÿˆÇ ◊Tˆ a]„Ã^ÁY„^ÁG›* ÂacÕL„XÓ AcÕ ◊[˝ÿôˆÁ„Ã[˝
◊[˝„`b ÂEıÁX l˘◊Tˆ c˜Ã^ XÁcÕ* Y◊Ã[˝„`„b, Â[˝Ïà˘ ◊[˝Y¿„[˝Ã[˝ %[˝aÁ„XÃ[˝ Y„Ã[˝ `“”◊Tˆ„Eı
A„Eı[˝Á„Ã[˝ \«ˆ◊_Ã^Á `“”◊Tˆ„Eı a~ÓÁ„aÃ[˝cÕ =YÁÃ^ EıîXÁ Eı◊Ã[˝^Ã Á `Áÿóˆ„Eı %ÛÁ Y“ÁW˝ÁXÓ
ÂVCÃ^Á c˜Ã^* V ªRÕÙ `Á‰ÿóˆÃ[˝ [˝µ˘X ]ÁX«„bÃ[˝ aEı_ %„ÜÃ[˝ ÿëˆÁW˝›X aá˚Á_X [˝µ˘ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á
◊X∏JÙ_\ˆÁ„[˝ ÂEıÁX Ã[˝÷„Y [˝gÁªJÙÁcÕ a]Á„LÃ[˝ _l˘Ó c˜cÕÃ^Á ^ÁÃ^* ]ÁX«„bÃ[˝ ÿëˆÁW˝›X
%Á±¡ÁÃ[˝ AEı]Áy =YÁÃ^ Ã[˝◊c˜_ a]ÁL„Eı TˆÓÁG Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á a~ÓÁa G–c˜S*
]X«bÓ [˝«◊à˘ \ˆÁG[˝Tˆ ◊[˝EıÁ„` ÂGÏS =YÁÃ^, %Áa_ Y◊Ã[˝ªJÙÁ_Eı XÃ^*
\ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ›Ã^ a]Á„LÃ[˝ cÕ◊Tˆc˜Á„a ªJÙÁ◊Ã[˝ªRÙO› Y^ÔÁÃ^ ÂV◊FÃ^Á cÕc˜Á Â[˝ÁMıÁ ^ÁÃ^*
a]Á„LÃ[˝ EıUÁ
]ÁX«„bÃ[˝ LXΩ a]Á„LÃ[˝ LXÓ XÃ^, a]ÁL ]ÁX«„bÃ[˝ LXÓ a rÙ* ^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á ]ÁX«„bÃ[˝
%‹ôˆÿöˆ \ˆG[˝ÁX„Eı \«ˆ◊_Ã^Á a]ÁL„Eı [˝QÕˆ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ÂTˆÁ„_X, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á %Y„V[˝TˆÁÃ[˝
Y…LÁ Eı„Ã[˝X* %ÛÁ a]ÁLY…LÁ ]X«bÓ-L›[˝„XÃ[˝ E ı◊≈y]TˆÁÃ[˝ _l˘S, ÿëˆW˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝
◊[˝E ı◊Tˆ*
]ÁX«b a]Á„LÃ[˝ XÃ^, ]ÁX«b \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝* ^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á a]Á„LÃ[˝ VÁa±ºˆ, a]Á„LÃ[˝
[˝ß [˝Á◊c˜ÓEı ` Ö_ ]ÁX«„bÃ[˝ %Á±¡ÁÃ^ ]„X Y“Á„S ªJÙÁYÁcÕÃ^Á TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ %‹ôˆÿöˆ \ˆG[˝ÁX„Eı
F[[˝Ô Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÊªJÙrÙÁ Eı„Ã[˝X, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á ]X«bÓLÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ Y“E ıTˆ _l˘Ó c˜ÁÃ[˝ÁcÕÃ^Á [˝◊aÃ^Á‰ªK˜X*
AcÕ %TˆÓÁªJÙÁ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ÂVÁ„b %‹ôˆ◊XÔ◊c˜Tˆ ÂV[˝TˆÁ LÁG–Tˆ c˜Ã^ XÁ, `◊N˛C H«]ÁcÕÃ^Á Y‰QÕˆ*
VÁa±ºˆcÕ ^◊V Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ c˜Ã^, a]Á„LÃ[˝ XÃ^, \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ VÁaÓ ÿëˆ›EıÁÃ[˝ EıÃ[˝* ÂacÕ VÁ„aÓ
]ÁW˝«^ÔÓC %Á‰ªK˜, =~◊TˆC %Á‰ªK˜* YÃ[˝] %ÁX≥V, [˝µ˘„XC ]«◊N˛, %[˝ÁW˝ ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁ
TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ªJÙÃ[˝] Y◊Ã[˝SÁ]*
a]ÁL =„Å`Ó c˜cÕ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ XÁ, a]ÁL =YÁÃ^, ^‹óˆ* ]ÁX«„bÃ[˝ %Á±¡Y“„SÁ◊VTˆ
Eı∂ˆÇÔÿˆè«ı◊Ã[˝Tˆ \ˆG[˝VÀG◊PˆTˆ p˚ÁX C `◊N˛ L›[˝„XÃ[˝ Y“E ıTˆ ◊XÃ^‹ôˆÁ, ^Ác˜ÁÃ[˝ =w¯„Ã[˝Áw¯Ã[˝
[˝ ◊à˘ L›[˝„XÃ[˝ %ÁW˝ÓÁ◊≈±¡Eı y‘]◊[˝EıÁ„`Ã[˝ =„Å`Ó* AcÕ p˚ÁX, AcÕ `◊N˛ a]ÁLÃ[˝÷Y
^‹óˆ„Eı ªJÙÁ_ÁcÕ„[˝, a]ÁL„Eı GPˆX Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝, Y“„Ã^ÁLX]Tˆ [˝V_ÁcÕÃ^ÁC ◊V„[˝, cÕc˜ÁcÕ
ÿëˆÁ\ˆÁ◊[˝Eı %[˝ÿöˆÁ* ◊X∏JÙ_ ÿöˆ◊GTˆ a]ÁL ] Tˆ ]X«bÓ„±ºˆÃ[˝ Eı[˝Ã[˝ c˜cÕÃ^Á ^ÁÃ^, L›[˝„XÃ[˝
ÿˆè«ıÃ[˝„S p˚ÁX`◊N˛Ã[˝ ◊[˝EıÁ„` a]Á„LÃ[˝C Ã[˝÷YÁ‹ôˆÃ[˝ %[˝`ÓêˆÁ[˝›* a]ÁL^„‹óˆÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó
ac˜ÿÉˆ[˝µ˘„X [˝à˘ ]ÁX«b„Eı ÂZı◊_Ã^Á ÂYbS EıÃ[˝ÁÃ^ ◊X∏JÙ_TˆÁ C %[˝X◊Tˆ %◊X[˝Á^ÔÓ*
%Á]Ã[˝Á ]ÁX«b„Eı ÊªK˜ÁªRÙO Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á a]ÁL„Eı [˝QÕˆ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜* a]ÁL ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ TˆÁc˜Á„Tˆ
[˝QÕˆ c˜Ã^ XÁ, l«˘V– ◊X∏JÙ_ C ◊Xπèı_ c˜Ã^* %Á]Ã[˝Á a]ÁL„Eı =w¯„Ã[˝Áw¯Ã[˝ =~◊TˆÃ[˝
=YÁÃ^ X„c˜, ◊XG–c˜ C [˝µ˘X Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ÂZı◊_Ã^Á◊ªK˜, cÕc˜ÁcÕ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ %[˝X◊TˆÃ[˝,
◊X‰∏JÙrÙTˆÁ[Ã ˝, ◊XÃ[˝”YÁÃ^ V«[[˝_Ô TˆÁ[Ã ˝ EıÁÃ[˝S* ]ÁX«b„Eı [˝QˆÕ EıÃ[˝, %‹ôˆÿˆö \ˆG[˝ÁX Â^FÁ„X
mä\ˆÁ„[˝ ◊[˝Ã[˝ÁL]ÁX ÂacÕ ]◊≥V„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ◊aec˜•ÁÃ[˝ F«◊_Ã^Á VÁC, a]ÁL %ÁY◊XcÕ
]c˜ÁX, a[[˝ÔÁÜa«≥VÃ[˝, =XΩ∆N˛ =¨JÙÁ`Ã^ Y“Ã^Á„aÃ[˝ aZı_ Âl˘y c˜cÕÃ^Á VÒÁQÕˆÁcÕ„[˝*
◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ Y◊Ã[˝SÁ] C Y“◊TÊ ı◊Tˆ [˝Ác˜Ó*
LG~Á„UÃ[˝ Ã[˝U
%ÁV`Ô a]ÁL ]X«bÓ-a]◊rÙÃ[˝ %‹ôˆÃ[˝Á±¡Á \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ [˝Ác˜X, LG~Á„UÃ[˝ ^ÁyÁÃ[˝
Ã[˝U* BEıÓ ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁ p˚ÁX `◊N˛ ÂacÕ Ã[˝„UÃ[˝ ªJÙÁ◊Ã[˝ ªJÙy‘*
]X«bÓ[˝◊« à˘[Ã ˝ G◊PˆTˆ ◊Eı∂ˆë Á Y“Eı ◊Tˆ[Ã ˝ %£à˘ Y“ÁS&≥V„XÃ[˝ ÂF_ÁÃ^ a rÙ Â^ a]ÁL,
TˆÁc˜Á %XÓ Y“EıÁÃ[˝* AªRÙO› a]◊rÙÃ[˝ ◊XÃ^‹ôˆÁ \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ Ã[˝U X„c˜, ]«N˛ %‹ôˆ^ÔÓÁ]›„Eı
%Á¨K˜Á◊VTˆ Eı◊[Ã ˝^Ã Á Â^ [˝ß[Ã ˝÷Y› ÂV[˝TˆÁ \ˆG[˝d-ÂY“[Ã ˝SÁ„Eı ◊[˝Eı Tˆ Eı„[Ã ˝, c˜cO ˜Á a]◊rÙGTˆ
ÂacÕ %c˜·¯Á„Ã[˝Ã[˝ [˝Ác˜X* AªRÙO› ªJÙ◊_„Tˆ‰ªK˜ XÁXÁ Â\ˆÁGY…SÔ _l˘Óc˜›X Eı∂ˆÇÔY„U, [˝«◊à˘Ã[˝
%◊aà˘ %Y…SÔ a·¯„îÃ[˝ ªRÙOÁ„X, ◊X∂oˆY“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝ Y«Ã[˝ÁTˆX [˝Á X…TˆX %[˝` ÊY“Ã[˝SÁÃ^*
^Tˆ◊VX %c˜·¯ÁÃ[˝cÕ EıwÔ¯Á, TˆTˆ◊VX Y“E ıTˆ _„l˘ÓÃ[˝ aµ˘ÁX YÁCÃ^Á %aêˆ[˝, --- _l˘Ó
LÁXÁ ÂG„_C Âa◊V„Eı ÂaÁLÁ Ã[˝U ªJÙÁ_Á„XÁ %aÁW˝Ó* %c˜·¯ÁÃ[˝ Â^ \ˆÁG[˝Tˆ Y…SÔTˆÁÃ[˝
Y“W˝ÁX [˝ÁW˝Á, AcÕ TÛÓ Â^]X [˝Ó◊rÙÃ[˝, ÂTˆ]XcÕ a]◊rÙÃ[˝ Y„l˘C aTˆÓ*
aÁW˝ÁÃ[˝S ]X«bÓa]Á„LÃ[˝ ◊TˆXªRÙO› ]«FÓ Â\ˆV _l˘Ó EıÃ[˝Á ^ÁÃ^* Y“U]ªRÙO› ◊XY«S
EıÁ◊Ã[˝G„Ã[˝[Ã ˝ a ◊rÙ, a«PˆÁ] Jª ÙÁEı◊Jª ÙEıÓ]Ã^ =#ù_ %]_ a«FEı[Ã ˝, TˆÁc˜Á„Eı [˝◊c˜^Ã Á _c˜^ÃO Á‰ªK˜
[˝_[˝ÁXÀ a«◊`◊l˘Tˆ %`ü, Âa %G–aÃ[˝ c˜cÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜ a«Y„U a^‰±Ûˆ ±ºˆÃ[˝ÁÃ[˝◊c˜Tˆ %]‹öˆÃ[˝
G◊Tˆ„Tˆ* aÁ◊√º¯Eı %c˜·¯ÁÃ[˝ cÕc˜ÁÃ[˝ ]Á◊_Eı %Á„Ã[˝Ác˜›* Â^ =Y◊Ã[˝ÿöˆ =w«¯Ü Y“„V„`
\ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ ]◊≥VÃ[˝, Ã[˝U TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝cÕ ªJÙÁ◊Ã[˝◊V„Eı H«◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ◊EıªK«˜ V…„Ã[˝ V…„Ã[˝ Ã[˝◊c˜Ã^Á,
ÂacÕ =¨JÙ\…ˆ◊]Ã[˝ F«[˝ ◊XEı‰ªRÙO Âa ÂYgÏ◊ªK˜„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ XÁ* ^◊V =◊Pˆ„Tˆ c˜Ã^ Ã[˝U c˜cÕ„Tˆ
XÁ◊]Ã^Á AEıÁ YV[˝„– L =PˆÁcÕ ◊XÃ^]* È[˝◊VEı ^«„GÃ[˝ Y„Ã[˝ Y“ÁJª Ù›X %Á^ÔÓ„VÃ[˝ a]ÁL„Eı
AcÕ W˝Ã[˝„SÃ[˝ Ã[˝U [˝_Á ^ÁÃ^*
◊•Tˆ›Ã^ªRÙO› ◊[˝_Áa› Eı∂ˆÇÔ‰PˆÃ[˝ Â]ÁªRÙOÃ[˝GÁQÕˆ›* W˝…_ÁÃ[˝ Mı‰QÕˆÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó \ˆ›]„[˝„G [˝q-
◊X„HÔÁ„b Ã[˝ÁLYU ªJ…ÙSÔ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á %`Á‹ôˆ %`“Á‹ôˆ G◊Tˆ„Tˆ Âa W˝ÁcÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜, Â\ˆÃ[˝›Ã[˝ Ã[˝„[˝
`“[˝S [˝◊W˝Ã[˝, ^Ác˜Á„Eı a∂ˆÇ«„F YÁÃ^ V◊_Ã^Á ◊Y◊bÃ^Á ªJÙ◊_Ã^Á ^ÁÃ^* ^Áy›Ã[˝ Y“Á„SÃ[˝
a·¯ªRÙO, V«HÔªRÙOXÁ %◊[˝Ã[˝_, Ã[˝U \ˆÁ◊ÜÃ^Á ^ÁÃ^, %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ Eı‰rÙa ‰rÙ Â]Ã[˝Á]„TˆÃ[˝ YÃ[˝ aVYÔ
ªJÙ_X* ◊X◊Å¤rÙ _l˘Ó XÁcÕ, Tˆ„[˝ Â^ X…TˆX V `Ó %X◊TˆV…„Ã[˝ ÊªJÙÁ„FÃ[˝ a∂ˆÇ«„F Y‰QÕˆ,
""AcÕ _l˘Ó, AcÕ _l˘Ó'' ªJÙ›dEıÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á Ã[˝„UÃ[˝ ]Á◊_Eı Ã[˝ÁL◊aEı %c˜·¯ÁÃ[˝
ÂacÕ ◊V„Eı ªK«˜‰ªRÙO* AcÕ Ã[˝„U ªJÙ_ÁÃ^ ^„UrÙ Â\ˆÁG a«F %Á‰ªK˜, ◊[˝YVC %◊X[˝Á^ÔÓ,
\ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ ◊XEıRª ÙO ÂYgÏKª ˜Á %aêˆ[˝* %ÁW˝◊« XEı YÁ∏JÙÁTˆÓa]ÁL AcÕ W˝[Ã ˝„SÃ[˝cÕ Â]ÁªRÙ[ÃO ˝GÁQÕˆ›*
T ˆTˆ›Ã^ªRÙO› ]◊_X Y«Ã[˝ÁX Eı¨K˜YG◊Tˆ %ÁW˝\ˆÁÜÁ GÃ[˝”Ã[˝GÁQÕˆ›, ªRÙOÁ„X E ı` %X`X◊zırÙ
%ÁW˝]Ã[˝Á [˝_V, ªJÙ◊_„Tˆ‰ªK˜ a·¯›SÔ G–Á]ÓY„U; AEıLX ]Ã^_Á-EıÁYQÕˆYÃ[˝Á \g«ˆ◊QÕˆ-
LG~Á„UÃ[˝ Ã[˝U 253
a[[˝Ôÿëˆ `¿U %µ˘ [˝ à˘ ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ [˝◊aÃ^Á ]c˜Áa«„F EıÁVÁ]ÁFÁ ßgEıÁ ªRÙOÁ◊X„Tˆ ªRÙOÁ◊X„Tˆ
GÁQÕˆ›Ã[˝ EıEÔı` HÓÁXÀ HÓÁXÀ `å £◊X„Tˆ £◊X„Tˆ %Tˆ›„TˆÃ[˝ EıTˆ ◊[˝E ıTˆ %ÁW˝ %ÁW˝
ÿˆÇ ◊Tˆ„Tˆ ]G¬* AcÕ ]Á◊_„EıÃ[˝ XÁ] TˆÁ]◊aEı %c˜·¯ÁÃ[˝* GÁ‰QÕˆÁÃ^Á„XÃ[˝ XÁ] Yg«◊U-
YQÕˆÁ p˚ÁX, Âa Y◊tEıÁ ÂV◊F„Tˆ ÂV◊F„Tˆ G]„XÃ[˝ a]Ã^ C ◊VEı ◊X„Å¤` Eı„Ã[˝,
]«„F AcÕ [˝«◊_ ""^Ác˜Á %Á‰ªK˜ [˝Á ◊ªK˜_, TˆÁc˜ÁcÕ \ˆÁ_, ^Ác˜Á c˜cÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÊªJÙrÙÁ TˆÁc˜ÁcÕ
FÁÃ[˝ÁY*'' AcÕ Ã[˝„U \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ ◊XEıªRÙO XÁ Âc˜ÏEı `…XÓ [˝–„°˘ ÂYgÏ◊ªK˜[˝ÁÃ[˝ Â[˝` %Á£
aêˆÁ[˝XÁ %Á‰ªK˜*
TˆÁ]◊aEı %c˜·¯Á„Ã[˝[Ã ˝ GÃ[˝”[Ã ˝GÁQÕˆ› ^Tˆl˘S G–Á„]Ã[˝ EgıÁJª ÙÁY„U Jª Ù„_, TˆTˆl˘S [Ã ˝l˘Á*
Â^◊VX LG„TˆÃ[˝ Ã[˝ÁLY„U Âa =◊PˆÃ^Á %Á◊a„[˝ Â^FÁ„X \…ˆ◊Ã[˝ \…ˆ◊Ã[˝ Â[˝GV ä Â]ÁªRÙO„Ã[˝Ã[˝
ªK«˜ªRÙOÁªK«˜◊ªRÙO, TˆFX TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ◊Eı Y◊Ã[˝SÁ] c˜cÕ„[˝, Âa EıUÁ \ˆÁ◊[˝„TˆcÕ Y“ÁS ◊`c˜◊Ã[˝Ã^Á
=‰Pˆ* ◊[˝YV AcÕ Â^ [Ã ˝U [˝V_Á„XÁÃ[˝ a]Ã^ ÊªJÙXÁ [˝Á ÿëˆ›EıÁ[Ã ˝ Eı[Ã ˝Á Tª ˆÁ]◊aEı %c˜·¯Á„Ã[˝[Ã ˝
p˚ÁX-`◊N˛„Tˆ E«ı_ÁÃ^ XÁ* ◊ªJÙ◊X[˝ÁÃ[˝ Y“[˝ ◊w¯C XÁcÕ, TˆÁc˜Á c˜cÕ„_ TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ [˝Ó[˝aÁ C
]Á◊_Eı±ºˆ ]ÁªRÙO›* a]aÓÁ ^FX =Y◊ÿöˆTˆ, ^Áy›„VÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó ÂEıc˜ ÂEıc˜ [˝„_, ""XÁ
UÁEı, cÕc˜ÁcÕ \ˆÁ_, ÂEıXXÁ cÕc˜Á %Á]Á„VÃ[˝cÕ'' --- TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á ÂGgÁQÕˆÁ %U[˝Á \ˆÁ[˝«Eı
ÂV`\ˆN˛* ÂEıc˜ ÂEıc˜ [˝„_, ""A◊V„Eı C◊V„Eı Â]Ã[˝Á]Tˆ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á _C XÁ'' ---- AcÕ
ac˜L =YÁ„Ã^ XÁ◊Eı GÃ[˝”Ã[˝ GÁQÕˆ› %]◊X %◊X≥VÓ %]…_Ó Â]ÁªRÙO„Ã[˝ Y◊Ã[˝STˆ c˜cÕ„[˝;
--- cÕc˜Á„VÃ[˝ XÁ] aeïıÁÃ[˝Eı* ÂEıc˜ ÂEıc˜ [˝„_, ""Y«Ã[˝ÁTˆX EıÁ„_Ã[˝ a«≥VÃ[˝ Ã[˝UªRÙO›
◊Zı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á %Áa«Eı'' --- TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á ÂacÕ %aÁW˝ÓaÁW˝„XÃ[˝ =YÁÃ^C Fg«◊L„Tˆ ]Á„Mı ]Á„Mı
Y“Ã^Áa›* %Á`ÁÃ[˝ %X«Ã[˝÷Y Zı_ Â^ c˜cÕ„[˝, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ◊[˝„`b ÂEıÁX _l˘S ÂEıÁUÁC
◊Eı‹ô«ˆ XÁcÕ*
◊TˆXªRÙO›Ã[˝ ]„W˝ÓcÕ ^◊V YªK˜≥V EıÃ[˝Á %◊X[˝Á^ÔÓ c˜Ã^, %ÁÃ[˝C =¨JÙTˆÃ[˝ ÊªJÙrÙÁ ^◊V
%Á]Ã[˝Á Y◊Ã[˝c˜ÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝, Tˆ„[˝ aÁ◊√º¯Eı %c˜·¯Á„Ã[˝Ã[˝ X…TˆX Ã[˝U ◊X∂ˆÇÔÁS EıÃ[˝Á ^«◊N˛^«N˛*
◊Eı‹ô«ˆ LG~Á„UÃ[˝ Ã[˝U ^Tˆ◊VX a ◊rÙ XÁ c˜Ã^, %ÁV`Ô a]ÁLC TˆTˆ◊VX G◊PˆTˆ c˜cÕ„[˝
XÁ* Âac˜RªO Ù›O cÕ %ÁV`Ô, Âac˜RªO Ù›O cÕ Jª Ù[Ã ˝], G\ˆ›[Ã ˝Tˆ] =¨JÙTˆ] a„TˆÓ[Ã ˝ ◊[˝EıÁ` C Y“◊TÊı ◊Tˆ*
]X«bÓLÁ◊Tˆ mä ◊[˝`üY«Ã[˝”„bÃ[˝ ÊY“Ã[˝SÁÃ^ TˆÁc˜Á„EıcÕ G◊QÕˆ„Tˆ a‰ªJÙrÙ, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ Y“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝
%p˚ÁX[˝„` G◊QÕˆÃ^Á [˝„a %XÓÃ[˝÷Y Y“◊Tˆ]Á --- c˜Ã^ ◊[˝E ıTˆ %◊aà˘ E«ıd◊aTˆ, XÃ^
ªJÙ_XacÕ %à˘¤a«≥VÃ[˝ [˝Á ÂaÏ≥V^ÔÓ a„√º¯C %a+…SÔ; ◊`„[˝Ã[˝ [˝V„_ c˜Ã^ [˝Á]X, XÃ^
Ã[˝Ál˘a, XÃ^ ]W˝Ó] Â_Á„EıÃ[˝ %à˘¤„V[˝TˆÁ*
LG~Á„UÃ[˝ Ã[˝„UÃ[˝ Y“E ıTˆ %ÁE ı◊Tˆ [˝Á X]«XÁ ÂEıc˜ LÁ„X XÁ, ÂEıÁX L›[˝X◊`î›
%Ág◊Eı„Tˆ YÁÃ[˝G XX* ÂacÕ ªK˜◊[˝ ◊[˝`üY«Ã[˝”„bÃ[˝ c˜÷V„Ã^ Y“ÿô«ˆTˆ, XÁXÁ %Á[˝Ã[˝„S %Á[˝ Tˆ*
V–rÙÁ EıwÔ¯Á %„XEı \ˆG[˝VÀ◊[˝\…ˆ◊TˆÃ[˝ %„XEı ÊªJÙrÙÁÃ^ %Á‰ÿôˆ %Á‰ÿôˆ [˝Á◊c˜Ã[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ÿöˆ…_
LG„Tˆ Y“◊TˆúˆÁ EıÃ[˝Á %‹ôˆ^ÔÓÁ]›Ã[˝ %◊\â◊µ˘*
*
LG~Á„UÃ[˝ AcÕ [Ã ˝„UÃ[˝ %Áa_ XÁ] a]ÁL XÃ^, aeH* [˝ß]«F› ◊`◊U_ LXaeH
[˝Á LXTˆÁ XÃ^; %Á±¡p˚Á„XÃ[˝, \ˆÁG[˝Tˆp˚Á„XÃ[˝ BEıÓ]«F› `◊N˛Ã[˝ [˝„_ aÁX„≥V G◊PˆTˆ
[˝µ˘XÃ[˝◊c˜Tˆ %‰¨K˜VÓ aec˜◊Tˆ, \ˆÁG[˝Tˆ aeH*
%„XEı a]„[˝Tˆ ]X«„bÓÃ[˝ AEıy Eı∂ˆÇÔ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ =YÁÃ^ Â^ aec˜◊Tˆ, TˆÁc˜ÁcÕ
a]ÁL XÁ„] FÓÁTˆ* `„åÃ[˝ =dY◊w¯ [˝«◊MıÃ^Á %UÔC Â[˝ÁMıÁ ^ÁÃ^* a]À Y“TˆÓ„Ã^Ã[˝
%UÔ AEıy, %LÀ W˝ÁT«ˆÃ[˝ %UÔ G]X W˝Á[˝X ^«à˘* ac˜ÿÉˆ ac˜ÿÉˆ ]ÁX[˝ Eı∂ˆÇÔÁ„U¤ C
EıÁ]Á„UÔ a]„[˝Tˆ, AEı Âl˘‰y XÁXÁ _„l˘ÓÃ[˝ ◊V„Eı W˝Á◊[˝Tˆ, ÂEı %Á„G ^ÁÃ^ ÂEı
[˝QÕˆ c˜Ã^, TˆÁc˜Á _cÕÃ^Á W[˝ÿôˆÁW[˝◊ÿôˆ --- competition --- Â^]X %XÓ a]Á„LÃ[˝
a„Ü ÂTˆ]X YÃ[˝&„Ã[˝Ã[˝ a„ÜC ^«à˘ C MıGQÕˆÁMgıÁ≈◊ªRÙO --- AcÕ ÂEıÁ_Ác˜„_Ã[˝ ]„W˝ÓcÕ
` Ö_ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ, aÁc˜Á„^ÓÃ[˝ LXÓ, ]„XÁ[˝ ◊w¯Ã[˝ ªJÙ◊Ã[˝TˆÁUÔTˆÁÃ[˝ LXÓ XÁXÁ a∂ëˆµ˘ ÿöˆÁYX,
XÁXÁ %ÁV„`ÔÃ[˝ Y“◊TˆúˆÁ, Zı„_ EırÙ◊aà˘ %a+…SÔ %ÿöˆÁÃ^› ◊EıªK«˜, cÕc˜ÁcÕ a]Á„LÃ[˝,
Y“ÁE ıTˆ aeaÁ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ÊªJÙc˜ÁÃ[˝Á*
Â\ˆV„Eı ◊\ˆ◊w¯ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á Y“ÁE ıTˆ a]ÁL* ÂacÕ Â\ˆ„VÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ %Áe◊Èı %◊X◊∏JÙTˆ
C %ÿöˆÁÃ^› BEıÓ ◊X◊∂ˆÇÔTˆ* %ÁV`Ô a]Á„LÃ[˝ GQÕˆX ◊PÊı cÕc˜ÁÃ[˝ ◊[˝YÃ[˝›Tˆ* BEıÓ
◊\ˆ◊w¯, %ÁX≥V-Í[˝◊ªJÙ‰yÓÃ[˝ LXÓ --- Â\ˆ„VÃ[˝ XÃ^ --- YÁUÔ„EıÓÃ[˝ ÂF_Á* a]Á„L
YÁcÕ `ÁÃ[˝›◊Ã[˝Eı, ]ÁXaEı◊îTˆ C Eı∂ˆÇÔGTˆ B„EıÓÃ[˝ %Á\ˆÁa, %Á±¡GTˆ BEıÓ ae„HÃ[˝
Y“ÁS*
%Áe◊Èı\ˆÁ„[˝ aeEı›SÔ„l˘‰y aeHÿöˆÁY„XÃ[˝ ◊Xπèı_ ÊªJÙrÙÁ EıTˆ[˝ÁÃ[˝ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜,
c˜^Ã TˆÁc˜Á [˝◊« à˘GTˆ ◊ªJÙ‹ˆô Á[Ã ˝ ÊY“[Ã ˝SÁÃ^ --- Â^]X YÁ∏JÙÁTˆÓ„V„`, XÃ^ ◊X[[˝ÁÔ „SÁXΩ∆F
Eı∂ˆÇ◊Ô [˝[Ã ˝◊Tˆ[Ã ˝ ÿëˆ¨K˜≥V %X«`›_XÁ„UÔ --- Â^]X Â[˝Ïà˘„VÃ[˝, XÃ^ [˝Á \ˆÁG[˝Tˆ \ˆÁ„[˝Ã[˝
%Á„[˝„G --- Â^]X Y“U] F rÙ›Ã^ aeH* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ %„îÃ[˝ ]„W˝ÓcÕ a]Á„LÃ[˝ ^Tˆ ÂVÁb
%a+…SÔTˆÁ Y“[˝ ◊w¯ ªR«Ù◊EıÃ^Á aeH„Eı a]Á„L Y◊Ã[˝STˆ Eı„Ã[˝* ªJÙá˚_ [˝«◊à˘Ã[˝ ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ
ÊªªRÙO„Eı XÁ, Y«Ã[˝ÁTˆ X [˝Á X…TˆX Y“ÁS-Y“[˝ ◊w¯Ã[˝ %V]Ó ÊÿÉˆÁ„Tˆ \ˆÁ◊aÃ^Á ^ÁÃ^* \ˆÁ„[˝Ã[˝
%Á„[˝„G AcÕ ÊªJÙrÙÁÃ[˝ aÁZı_Ó %aêˆ[˝, \ˆÁ[˝ ◊X„LÃ[˝ FÃ[˝TˆÁÃ^ Y◊Ã[˝`“Á‹ôˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á Y‰QÕˆ*
◊X[[˝ÔÁS„Eı AEıÁEı› ÂFgÁLÁ \ˆÁ_, ◊X[[˝ÔÁS-◊Y“Ã^TˆÁÃ^ aeHa ◊rÙ AEıªRÙOÁ ◊[˝YÃ[˝›Tˆ EıÁâ¯*
aeH ÿëˆ\ˆÁ[˝Tˆf Eı„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ a∂ëˆ„µ˘Ã[˝ _›_Á\…ˆ◊]*
LG~Á„UÃ[˝ Ã[˝U 255
Â^◊VX p˚ÁX Eı∂ˆÇÔ C \ˆÁ„[˝Ã[˝ aÁ]t„aÓ C AEı›EıÃ[˝„S %Á±¡GTˆ BEıÓ ÂVFÁ

◊V„[˝, a]◊rÙGTˆ ◊[˝Ã[˝ÁªRÙOY«Ã[˝”„bÃ[˝ cÕ¨K˜Á`◊N˛Ã[˝ ÊY“Ã[˝SÁÃ^, Âa◊VX LG~Á„UÃ[˝ Ã[˝U
LG„TˆÃ[˝ Ã[˝ÁÿôˆÁÃ^ [˝Á◊c˜Ã[˝ c˜cÕÃ^Á V` ◊VEı %Á„_Á◊EıTˆ Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝* aTˆÓ^«G XÁ◊]„[˝
Y ◊U[˝›Ã[˝ [˝„l˘, ]wÔ¯Ó ]ÁX«„bÃ[˝ Y ◊U[˝› c˜cÕ„[˝ ÂV[˝TˆÁÃ[˝ ÂF_ÁÃ[˝ ◊`◊[˝Ã[˝, \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝
]◊≥VÃ[˝-XGÃ[˝›, temple city of God --- %ÁX≥VY«Ã[˝›*
G›TˆÁ
G›TˆÁÃ[˝ W˝∂ˆÇÔ
^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á G›TˆÁ ]„XÁ„^ÁGY…[[˝ÔEı Y◊QÕˆÃ^Á‰ªK˜X, TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ ]„X c˜Ã^Tˆ AcÕ Y“`¬
=◊Pˆ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ Â^ \ˆG[˝ÁX `“›E ıb’ [˝ÁÃ[˝ [˝ÁÃ[˝ Â^ÁG `å [˝Ó[˝c˜ÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X C
^«N˛Á[˝ÿöˆÁÃ[˝ [˝SÔXÁ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X; EıcÕ aÁW˝ÁÃ[˝S Â_Á„Eı ^Ác˜Á„Eı Â^ÁG [˝„_, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝
a„Ü TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ◊]_ Tˆ c˜Ã^ XÁ; `“›E ıb’ ÿöˆÁ„X ÿöˆÁ„X a~ÓÁ„aÃ[˝ Y“èaÁ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X,
%◊X„Å¤`Ó YÃ[˝[˝–„°˘Ã[˝ =YÁaXÁÃ^ YÃ[˝] G◊TˆC ◊X◊Å¤rÙ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ TˆÁc˜Á %◊Tˆ
ae„l˘„Y aÁÜ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á G›TˆÁÃ[˝ Ê`“úˆÁe„` TˆÓÁ„GÃ[˝ ]c˜√º¯ C [˝Áa«„V„[˝Ã[˝ =YÃ[˝ `“à˘ÁÃ^
C %Á±¡a]YÔ„S YÃ[˝]Á[˝ÿöˆÁY“Á◊ä ◊[˝◊[˝W˝ =YÁ„Ã^ %#«¤X„Eı [˝«MıÁcÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜X* búˆ
%W˝ÓÁ„Ã^ Ã[˝ÁL„^Á„GÃ[˝ ◊Eı◊á˚d [˝SÔXÁ %Á‰ªK˜, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ G›TˆÁ„Eı Ã[˝ÁL„^ÁGÁFÓÁYEıG–‹öˆ
[˝_Á ^ÁÃ^ XÁ* a]TˆÁ, %XÁa◊N˛, Eı∂ˆÇÔZı_TˆÓÁG, `“›E ı„b’ a+…SÔ %Á±¡a]YÔS,
◊XõıÁ] Eı∂ˆÇÔ, mSÁTˆ›TˆÓ C ÿëˆW˝∂ˆÇÔ„a[˝ÁcÕ G›TˆÁÃ[˝ ]…_Tˆ√º¯* AcÕ ◊`l˘Á„EıcÕ \ˆG[˝ÁX
YÃ[˝] p˚ÁX C G…ªRÕÙTˆ] Ã[˝cãÓ [˝◊_Ã^Á Eı›wÔ¯X Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X* %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ◊[˝`üÁa G›TˆÁcÕ
LG„TˆÃ[˝ \ˆÁ[˝›W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ a[[˝ÔLXa∂ˆÇTˆ `Áÿóˆ c˜cÕ„[˝* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ G›TˆÁÃ[˝ Y“E ıTˆ %UÔ aEı„_Ã[˝
c˜÷VÃ^Ü] c˜Ã^ XÁcÕ* [˝QÕˆ [˝QÕˆ Y◊â¯Tˆ C Ê`“úˆ Â]W˝Á[˝› Tˆ›©¬˘[˝«◊à˘ Â_FEıC cÕc˜ÁÃ[˝
G…ªRÕÙÁUÔ G–c˜„S %l˘]* AEı◊V„Eı Â]Ál˘YÃ[˝ÁÃ^S [˝ÓÁFÓÁEıwÔ¯Á G›TˆÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó %Í•Tˆ[˝ÁV
C a~ÓÁaW˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ Ê`“úˆTˆÁ ÂV◊FÃ^Á‰ªK˜X, %YÃ[˝◊V„Eı cÕeÃ[˝ÁL-V`ÔX◊aà˘ [˝◊·¯]ªJÙ≥V–
G›TˆÁÃ^ ÂEı[˝_]Áy W˝›Ã[˝\ˆÁ„[˝ EıwÔ¯[˝ÓYÁ_„XÃ[˝ =Y„V` YÁcÕÃ^Á ÂacÕ %UÔcÕ ªTˆÃ[˝”S-
]â¯_›Ã[˝ ]„X ªR«ÙEıÁcÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÊªJÙrÙÁ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X* a~ÓÁaW˝∂ˆÇÔ =dE ırÙ W˝∂ˆÇÔ, a„≥Vc˜ XÁcÕ,
◊Eı‹ô«ˆ Âa W˝∂ˆÇÔ %îaeFÓEı Â_ÁEı %ÁªJÙÃ[˝S Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝* a[[˝ÔLXa∂ˆÇTˆ W˝„∂ˆÇÔ
A]X %ÁV`Ô C Tˆ√º¯◊`l˘Á UÁEıÁ %Á[˝`ÓEı Â^ a[[˝ÔaÁW˝ÁÃ[˝„S TˆÁc˜Á ÿëˆ ÿëˆ L›[˝„X
C Eı∂ˆÇÔ„l˘‰y =Y_◊ç˘ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝, %UªJÙ ÂacÕ %ÁV`Ô a+…SÔ %ÁªJÙÃ[˝S EıÃ[˝ÁÃ^
%îLXaÁW˝Ó YÃ[˝]G◊Tˆ Y“Áä c˜cÕ„[˝* W˝›Ã[˝\ˆÁ„[˝ EıwÔ¯[˝ÓYÁ_X =dE ırÙ W˝∂ˆÇÔ [˝‰ªRÙO,
Tˆ„[˝ EıwÔ¯[˝Ó ◊Eı, AcÕ L◊ªRÙO_ a]aÓÁ _cÕÃ^Á W˝∂ˆÇÔ C X›◊TˆÃ[˝ ^Tˆ ◊[˝}ÁªRÙO* \ˆG[˝ÁX
[˝◊_Ã^Á‰ªK˜X, Gc˜XÁ Eı∂ˆÇÔ„SÁ G◊Tˆf, ◊Eı EıwÔ¯[˝Ó, ◊Eı %EıwÔ¯[˝Ó, ◊Eı Eı∂ˆÇÔ, ◊Eı %Eı∂ˆÇÔ,
◊Eı ◊[˝Eı∂ˆÇÔ, TˆÁc˜Á ◊XSÔÃ^ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ p˚ÁX›C ◊[˝[˝–Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á Y‰QÕˆX, %Á◊] ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ÂTˆÁ]Á„Eı
A]X p˚ÁX ◊V[˝ Â^ ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ G‹ôˆ[˝ÓYU ◊Xà˘Á¤ [Ã ˝„S Â[˝G YÁc˜„O Tˆ c˜c˜„O [˝ XÁ, Eı∂ˆÇLÔ ›[˝„XÃ[˝
_l˘Ó C a[[˝ÔVÁ %X«„úˆÃ^ ◊XÃ^] AEıEıUÁÃ^ ◊[˝`VÃ[˝÷„Y [˝ÓÁFÓÁTˆ c˜cÕ„[˝* AcÕ
p˚ÁXªRÙOÁ ◊Eı, AcÕ _ÁF EıUÁÃ[˝ AEıEıUÁ ÂEıÁUÁÃ^ YÁcÕ[˝? %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ◊[˝`üÁa G›TˆÁÃ[˝
Â`b %W˝ÓÁ„Ã^ \ˆG[˝ÁX Â^FÁ„X TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ a[[˝Ômc˜ÓTˆ] YÃ[˝] [˝N˛[˝Ó %#«¤„XÃ[˝ ◊XEıªRÙO
[˝◊_„Tˆ Y“◊Tˆ`“”Tˆ c˜X, ÂacÕFÁ„XcÕ AcÕ V«_Ô\ˆ %]…_Ó [˝ÿô«ˆ %„XübS Eı◊Ã[˝„_ YÁCÃ^Á
^ÁÃ^* ÂacÕ a[[˝Ômc˜ÓTˆ] YÃ[˝] EıUÁ ◊Eı?
]XΩXÁ \ˆ[˝ ]‡ˆ„N˛Á ]VÀ^ÁL› ]Áe X]ï«ıÃ[˝”*

]Á„]Í[˝bÓ◊a aTˆÓe ÂTˆ Y“◊TˆLÁ„X ◊Y“„Ã^Áõ÷◊a Â]**
a[[˝ÔW˝∂ˆÇÔÁXÀ Y◊Ã[˝TˆÓLÓ ]Á„]Eıe `Ã[˝Se [˝–L*
%c˜e ±ºˆÁe a[[˝ÔYÁ„Y„\ˆÓÁ Â]Ál˘◊Ã^bÓÁ◊] ]Á £ªJÙf**
AcÕ V«ªRÙO› Ê`¿Á„EıÃ[˝ %UÔ AEı EıUÁÃ^cÕ [˝ÓN˛ c˜Ã^, %Á±¡a]YÔS* ◊^◊X ^Tˆ
Y◊Ã[˝]Á„S `“›E ı„b’Ã[˝ ◊XEıRª ÙO %Á±¡a]YÔS Eı◊[Ã ˝„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝X, TgˆÁc˜Á[Ã ˝ `Ã[˝›„Ã[˝ TˆTˆ Y◊Ã[˝]Á„S
\ˆG[˝Åw¯ `◊N˛ %Á◊aÃ^Á YÃ[˝] ]Ü_]„Ã^Ã[˝ Y“aÁ„V YÁY]«N˛ C ÂV[˝\ˆÁ[˝Y“Áä
Eı„Ã[˝* ÂacÕ %Á±¡a]YÔ„SÃ[˝ [˝SÔXÁ Y“U] Ê`¿ÁEıÁ„à˘¤ EıÃ[˝Á c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜* TˆXΩXÁ Tˆ‡ˆN˛
TˆVÀ^ÁL› c˜cÕ„Tˆ c˜Ã^* TˆXΩXÁ %UÔÁd a[[˝Ô\…ˆ„Tˆ TgˆÁc˜Á„Eı V`ÔX EıÃ[˝Á, a[[˝ÔEıÁ„_
TgˆÁc˜Á„Eı ÿˆÇÃ[˝S EıÃ[˝Á, a[[˝ÔEıÁ„^ÔÓ C a[[˝ÔHªRÙOXÁÃ^ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ `◊N˛, p˚ÁX C ÊY“„]Ã[˝
ÂF_Á [˝«◊MıÃ^Á YÃ[˝]ÁX„≥V UÁEıÁ* Tˆ‡ˆN˛ %UÔÁd TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ a+…SÔ `“à˘Á C
Y“›◊Tˆ ÿöˆÁYX Eı◊Ã[˝^Ã Á TgˆÁc˜Á[Ã ˝ a◊c˜Tˆ ^«N˛ UÁEıÁ* TˆV^À ÁL› %UÔÁd l«˘V– ]c˜d a[[˝EÔ ı∂ˆÇÔ
`“›E ıb’ =„Å„`Ó ^p˚Ã[˝÷„Y %YÔS EıÃ[˝Á A[˝e ÿëˆÁUÔ C Eı∂ˆÇÔZı„_ %Áa◊N˛ TˆÓÁG
Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á TˆV„UÔ EıwÔ¯[˝ÓEı„∂ˆÇÔ Y“[˝ w¯ c˜CÃ^Á* a+…SÔ %Á±¡a]YÔS ]ÁX«„bÃ[˝ Y„l˘
Eı◊PˆX, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ %î]Áy ÊªJÙrÙÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„_ ÿëˆÃê \ˆG[˝ÁX %\ˆÃ^VÁ„X mÃ[˝”, Ã[˝l˘Eı C a«c˜÷VÀ
c˜cÕÃ^Á Â^ÁGY„U %G–aÃ[˝ EıÃ[˝ÁcÕÃ^Á ÂVX* ÿëˆî]YÓaÓ W˝∂ˆÇÔaÓ yÁÃ^„Tˆ ]c˜„TˆÁ \ˆÃ^Ád*
◊Tˆ◊X [˝◊_Ã^Á‰ªK˜X AcÕ W˝∂ˆÇÔ %ÁªJÙÃ[˝S EıÃ[˝Á ac˜L C a«FY“V* [˝Áÿôˆ◊[˝EıcÕ TˆÁc˜ÁcÕ,
%UªJÙ a+…SÔ %ÁªJÙ[Ã ˝„SÃ[˝ Zı_ %◊X[[˝ªÔJÙX›Ã^ %ÁX≥V, £◊à˘ C `◊N˛_Á\ˆ* ]Á„]Í[˝bÓ◊a
%UÔÁd %Á]Á„Eı Y“Áä c˜cÕ„[˝, %Á]ÁÃ[˝ a◊c˜Tˆ [˝Áa Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝, %Á]ÁÃ[˝ Y“E ı◊Tˆ Y“Áä
c˜cÕ„[˝* AcÕ EıUÁÃ^ aÁV `Ó, aÁ„_ÁEıÓ C aÁ^«LÓ Zı_Y“Á◊ä [˝ÓN˛ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜* ◊^◊X
mSÁTˆ›Tˆ ◊Tˆ◊XcÕ \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ aÁV `ÓY“Áä* TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ÂEıÁXC %Áa◊N˛ XÁcÕ, %UªJÙ
◊Tˆ◊X Eı∂ˆÇÔ Eı„[Ã ˝X, YÁY]«N˛ c˜c˜^ÃO Á ]c˜Á`◊N˛Ã[˝ %ÁW˝Á[Ã ˝ c˜X C ÂacÕ `◊N˛Ã[˝ a[[˝EÔ ıÁ„^ÔÓ
%ÁX◊≥VTˆ c˜X* aÁ„_ÁEıÓC ÂEı[˝_ ÂVc˜YTˆ XÁ‹ôˆÃ[˝ [˝–°˘„_ÁEıG◊Tˆ XÃ^, AcÕ `Ã[˝›„Ã[˝C
aÁ„_ÁEıÓ c˜Ã^* ÂVc˜^«N˛ L›[˝ ^FX TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ %‹ôˆ„Ã[˝ YÃ[˝„]`ü„Ã[˝Ã[˝ a◊c˜Tˆ y‘›QÕˆÁ
Eı„Ã[˝X, ]X TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Vw¯ p˚Á„X Y«_◊EıTˆ c˜Ã^, c˜÷VÃ^ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ÊY“]&„`Ô %ÁX≥VY¿«Tˆ
c˜Ã^, [˝«◊à˘ ]«ß]«Ôßf TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ [˝ÁS› `“[˝S Eı„Ã[˝ C Y“„TˆÓEı ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁÃ^ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝cÕ ÊY“Ã[˝SÁ
G›TˆÁÃ[˝ W˝∂ˆÇÔ 261
p˚ÁTˆ c˜Ã^, cÕc˜ÁcÕ ]ÁX[˝`Ã[˝›„Ã[˝ \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ a◊c˜Tˆ aÁ„_ÁEıÓ* aÁ^«LÓC AcÕ `Ã[˝›„Ã[˝
H‰ªRÙO* G›TˆÁÃ^ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó ◊X[˝Áa EıÃ[˝ÁÃ[˝ EıUÁ YÁCÃ^Á ^ÁÃ^* ^FX a[[˝ÔL›„[˝
◊Tˆ◊X, AcÕ =Y_◊ç˘ ÿöˆÁÃ^›\ˆÁ„[˝ UÁ„Eı, cÕ◊≥V–ÃâEı_ TgˆÁc˜Á„EıcÕ V`ÔX Eı„Ã[˝, `“[˝S
Eı„[Ã ˝, %ÁH–ÁS Eı„[Ã ˝, %ÁÿëˆÁVX Eı„[Ã ˝, &`Ô Eı„[Ã ˝, L›[˝ a[[˝VÔ Á TgˆÁc˜Á[Ã ˝ ]„W˝Ó %e`\ˆÁ„[˝
UÁ◊Eı„Tˆ %\ˆÓÿôˆ c˜Ã^, TˆFX AcÕ `Ã[˝›„Ã[˝C aÁ^«LÓ c˜Ã^* AcÕ YÃ[˝] G◊Tˆ a+…SÔ
%X«`›_„XÃ[˝ Zı_* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ AcÕ W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ %î %ÁªJÙÃ[˝„SC ]c˜Tˆ› `◊N˛, ◊[˝]_ %ÁX≥V,
a«FY…SÔ £à˘TˆÁ _Á\ˆ c˜Ã^* AcÕ W˝∂ˆÇÔ ◊[˝◊`rÙmSa+~ Â_Á„EıÃ[˝ LXÓ a rÙ c˜Ã^ XÁcÕ*
\ˆG[˝ÁX [˝◊_Ã^Á‰ªK˜X, [˝–Á°˘S, l˘◊≈yÃ^, È[˝`Ó, `…V–, Y«Ã[˝”b, ÿóˆ›, YÁY„^Á◊XY“Áä
L›[˝aEı_ Y^ÔÓ‹ôˆ TgˆÁc˜Á„Eı AcÕ W˝∂ˆÇÔ •ÁÃ[˝Á Y“Áä c˜cÕ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝* ÂHÁÃ[˝ YÁY›C
TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ `Ã[˝S _cÕÃ^Á %î◊V„XÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó ◊[˝£à˘ c˜Ã^* %TÂ[˝ AcÕ W˝∂ˆÇÔ aEı„_Ã[˝
%ÁªJÙÃ[˝S›Ã^* LG~Á„UÃ[˝ ]◊≥V„Ã[˝ LÁ◊Tˆ◊[˝ªJÙÁÃ[˝ XÁcÕ* %UªJÙ cÕc˜ÁÃ[˝ YÃ[˝]G◊Tˆ ÂEıÁXC
W˝∂ˆÇÔ◊X◊Å¤rÙ YÃ[˝]Á[˝ÿöˆÁÃ[˝ X…ÓX XÃ^*
a~ÓÁa C TˆÓÁG
Y…[[˝Ô Y“[˝„µ˘ [˝_Á c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜ Â^, G›„TˆÁN˛ W˝∂ˆÇÔ aEı„_Ã[˝ %ÁªJÙÃ[˝S›Ã^, G›„TˆÁN˛
Â^Á„G aEı„_Ã[˝ %◊W˝EıÁÃ[˝ %Á‰ªK˜ %UªJÙ ÂacÕ W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ YÃ[˝]Á[˝ÿöˆÁ ÂEıÁXC W˝„∂ˆÇÔÁN˛
YÃ[˝]Á[˝ÿöˆÁ„Yl˘Á X…ÓX X„c˜* G›„TˆÁN˛ W˝∂ˆÇÔ ◊XõıÁ] Eı∂ˆÇfiÃ[˝ W˝∂ˆÇÔ* %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ÂV„`
%Á^ÔÓW˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ Y«XÃ[˝”xÁ„XÃ[˝ a◊c˜Tˆ AEıªRÙO› a~ÓÁa]«F› ÊÿÉˆÁTˆ ÂV`]Ã^ [˝ÓÁä c˜cÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜*
Ã[˝ÁL„^ÁG-Y“Ã^Áa› [˝Ó◊N˛Ã[˝ ]X ac˜„L G c˜Eı„∂ˆÇÔ [˝Á G c˜[˝Á„a a‹ô«ˆrÙ UÁ◊Eı„Tˆ ªJÙÁÃ^
XÁ* TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Â^ÁGÁ\ˆÓÁ„a W˝ÓÁXW˝ÁÃ[˝SÁÃ[˝ [˝ß_ÁÃ^ÁaY…SÔ ÊªJÙrÙÁ %Á[˝`ÓEı* %î ]Xf-
„l˘Á„\ˆ %U[˝Á [˝Ác˜Ó&„`Ô W˝ÓÁXW˝ÁÃ[˝SÁÃ[˝ ◊ÿöˆÃ[˝TˆÁ ◊[˝ªJÙ◊_Tˆ c˜Ã^ [˝Á a+…SÔ ◊[˝XÁ`Y“Áä
c˜Ã^* G „c˜ AcÕÃ[˝÷Y [˝ÁW˝Á Y“ªJ«ÙÃ[˝ Y◊Ã[˝]Á„S [˝wÔ¯]ÁX* %TÂ[˝ ^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á Y…[[˝ÔLXΩY“Áä
Â^ÁG◊_¥aÁ _cÕÃ^Á LXΩG–c˜S Eı„Ã[˝X, TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ Y„l˘ ªTˆÃ[˝”S [˝Ã^„a a~ÓÁ„aÃ[˝ ◊V„Eı
%ÁE ırÙ c˜CÃ^Á AEıÁ‹ôˆ ÿëˆÁ\ˆÁ◊[˝Eı* ^FX AcÕÃ[˝÷Y LXΩY“Áä Â^ÁG◊_¥a«„VÃ[˝ aeFÓÁ
%◊W˝Eı c˜cÕÃ^Á ÂV`]Ã^ ÂacÕ `◊N˛aey‘]„S ^«[˝Eıa+“VÁ„Ã^Ã[˝ ]„W˝Ó a~ÓÁa]«F›
ÊÿÉˆÁTˆ Y“[˝_ c˜^Ã , TˆFX ÂV„`Ã[˝ Eı_ÓÁSY„UÃ[˝ •ÁÃ[˝C =XΩ∆N˛ c˜^Ã , ÂacÕ Eı_ÓÁSae◊`¿rÙ
◊[˝Y„VÃ[˝ %Á`·¯ÁC c˜Ã^* [˝_Á c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜, a~ÓÁaW˝∂ˆÇÔ =dE ırÙ W˝∂ˆÇÔ, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ÂacÕ W˝∂ˆÇÔ
G–c˜„S %î Â_ÁEıcÕ %◊W˝EıÁÃ[˝›* ^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á ◊[˝XÁ %◊W˝EıÁ„Ã[˝ ÂacÕ Y„U Y“„[˝` Eı„Ã[˝X,
TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á Â`„b %îV…Ã[˝ %G–aÃ[˝ c˜cÕÃ^Á %à˘¤Y„U TˆÁ]◊aEı %Y“[˝ ◊w¯LXEı %ÁX„≥VÃ[˝
%W˝›X c˜cÕÃ^Á ◊X[˝ w¯ c˜X* AcÕ %[˝ÿöˆÁÃ^ cÕc˜L›[˝X a«„F EıÁ‰ªRÙO [˝‰ªRÙO, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ LG„TˆÃ[˝
◊c˜TˆC aÁ◊W˝Tˆ c˜Ã^ XÁ, Â^Á„GÃ[˝ >à˘¤Tˆ] ÂaÁYÁ„X %Á„Ã[˝Ác˜SC V«faÁW˝Ó c˜cÕÃ^Á
=‰Pˆ* %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ Â^Ã[˝÷Y EıÁ_ C %[˝ÿöˆÁ %ÁGTˆ, TˆÁc˜Á„Tˆ Ã[˝Lf C a√º¯ %UÔÁd
Y“[˝ ◊w¯ C p˚ÁX LÁGÁcÕÃ^Á Tˆ„]Á[˝#¤XY…[[˝ÔEı ÂV„`Ã[˝ Âa[˝ÁÃ^ C LG„TˆÃ[˝ Âa[˝ÁÃ^
LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ %ÁW˝ÓÁ◊≈±¡Eı `◊N˛ C ÈX◊TÊı [˝_ Y«XÃ[˝”#›◊[˝Tˆ EıÃ[˝Á AFX Y“W˝ÁX EıwÔ¯[˝Ó*
AcÕ L›SÔ `›SÔ Tˆ]fY›◊QÕˆTˆ ÿëˆÁUÔa›]Á[˝à˘ LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ DÃ[˝„a p˚ÁX› `◊N˛]ÁX C =VÁÃ[˝
%Á^ÔÓLÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ Y«Xfa ◊rÙ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ c˜cÕ„[˝* AcÕ =„Å`Ó aÁW˝XÁUÔcÕ [˝Ü„V„` ATˆ
`◊N˛◊[˝◊`rÙ Â^ÁG[˝_Y“Áä L›„[˝Ã[˝ LXΩ c˜cÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜* cÕc˜ÁÃ[˝Á ^◊V a~ÓÁ„aÃ[˝ Â]Á◊c˜X›
`◊N˛ •ÁÃ[˝Á %ÁE ırÙ c˜cÕÃ^Á ÿëˆW˝∂ˆÇÔTˆÓÁG C <`üÃ[˝Vw¯ Eı∂ˆÇÔ Y“TˆÓÁFÓÁX Eı„Ã[˝X, Tˆ„[˝
W˝∂ˆÇÔXÁ„` LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ W[˝ea c˜cÕ„[˝* TˆÃ[˝”Sa+“VÁÃ^ Â^X ]„X Eı„Ã[˝X Â^, [˝–°˘ªJÙ^ÔÓÁ`“]
◊`l˘Á C ªJÙ◊Ã[˝yGPˆ„XÃ[˝ a]„Ã^Ã[˝ LXÓ ◊X◊Å¤rÙ; AcÕ %Á`“„]Ã[˝ YÃ[˝[˝w¯fi %[˝ÿöˆÁ G cÿöˆÁ-
`“] ◊[˝◊c˜Tˆ %Á‰ªK˜* ^FX E«ı_Ã[˝l˘Á C \ˆÁ[˝› %Á^ÔÓLÁ◊Tˆ GPˆX •ÁÃ[˝Á Y…[[˝ÔY«Ã[˝”b„VÃ[˝
◊XEıªRÙO @S]«N˛ c˜cÕ„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝[˝, ^FX adEı∂ˆÇÔ C W˝Xaá˚Ã^ •ÁÃ[˝Á a]Á„LÃ[˝ @S
a~ÓÁa C TˆÓÁG 263
A[˝e p˚ÁX VÃ^Á ÊY“] C `◊N˛ ◊[˝Tˆ[Ã ˝„S LG„Tˆ[Ã ˝ @S Â`ÁW˝ c˜c˜„O [˝, ^FX \ˆÁ[Ã ˝TˆLXX›Ã[˝
◊c˜TˆÁUÔ =VÁÃ[˝ C ]c˜d Eı∂ˆÇÔ a+ÁV„X LGXΩÁTˆÁ a‹ô«ˆrÙ c˜cÕ„[˝X, TˆFX [˝ÁXY“ÿöˆ
C a~ÓÁa %ÁªJÙÃ[˝S EıÃ[˝Á ÂVÁbÁ[˝c˜ c˜cÕ„[˝ XÁ* %XÓUÁ W˝∂ˆÇÔa·¯Ã[˝ C %W˝∂ˆÇÔ[˝ ◊à˘
c˜Ã^* Y…[[˝ÔL„XΩ @S]«N˛ [˝Á_a~ÓÁa›„VÃ[˝ EıUÁ [˝◊_„Tˆ◊ªK˜ XÁ; ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ %X◊W˝EıÁÃ[˝›Ã[˝
a~ÓÁaG–c˜S ◊X≥VX›Ã^* %ÛÁ È[˝Ã[˝ÁGÓ[˝Áß„_Ó C l˘◊≈y„Ã^Ã[˝ ÿëˆW˝∂ˆÇÔTˆÓÁGY“[˝STˆÁÃ^
]c˜ÁXÀ C =VÁÃ[˝ Â[˝Ïà˘W˝∂ˆÇÔ ÂV„`Ã[˝ %„XEı ◊c˜Tˆ a+ÁVX Eı◊[Ã ˝^Ã ÁC %◊XrÙC Eı◊[Ã ˝^Ã Á‰ªK˜
A[˝e Â`„b \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ c˜cÕ„Tˆ ◊[˝TˆÁ◊QÕˆTˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜* X[˝^«„GÃ[˝ X[˝›X W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó Â^X
AcÕ ÂVÁb Y“◊[˝rÙ XÁ c˜Ã^*
G›TˆÁ^Ã `“›E ıb’ Y«Xf Y«Xf %#«X¤ „Eı a~ÓÁa %ÁªJÙ[Ã ˝S Eı◊[Ã ˝„Tˆ ◊X„bW˝ Eı◊[Ã ˝^Ã Á‰ªK˜X
ÂEıX? ◊Tˆ◊X a~ÓÁaW˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ mS ÿëˆ›EıÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ È[˝Ã[˝ÁGÓ C E ıYÁYÃ[˝[˝`
YÁUÔ [˝ÁÃ[˝ [˝ÁÃ[˝ ◊Lp˚ÁaÁ EıÃ[˝Á„TˆC `“›E ıb’ Eı∂ˆÇÔY„UÃ[˝ %Á„V` Y“TˆÓÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Eı„Ã[˝X
XÁcÕ* %#«¤X ◊Lp˚ÁaÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„_X, ^◊V Eı∂ˆÇÔ c˜cÕ„Tˆ EıÁ]XÁÃ[˝◊c˜Tˆ Â^ÁG^«N˛ [˝«◊à˘cÕ
Ê`“úˆ c˜Ã^, Tˆ„[˝ T«ˆ◊] ÂEıX mÃ[˝”LXc˜TˆÓÁÃ[˝÷Y %◊Tˆ \ˆ›bS Eı„∂ˆÇÔ %Á]Á„Eı ◊X^«N˛
Eı◊[Ã ˝„TˆKª ˜? %„X„Eı %#«„¤ XÃ[˝ Y“`¬ Y«X[Ã ˝”xÁYX Eı◊[Ã ˝^Ã Á‰ªK˜X, AEı-AEıLX `“›E ıb’„Eı
◊XE ırÙ W˝„∂ˆÇÔÁY„VrÙÁ C E«ıYUY“[˝wÔ¯Eı [˝◊_„TˆC E«ı◊¢ˆTˆ c˜X XÁcÕ* =w¯„Ã[˝ `“›E ıb’
[˝«MıÁcÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜X Â^, a~ÓÁa c˜cÕ„Tˆ TˆÓÁG Ê`“úˆ, Âÿëˆ¨K˜ÁªJÙÁÃ[˝ c˜cÕ„Tˆ \ˆG[˝ÁX„Eı ÿˆÇÃ[˝S
Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ◊XõıÁ]\ˆÁ„[˝ ÿëˆW˝∂ˆÇÔ„a[˝ÁcÕ Ê`“úˆ* TˆÓÁ„GÃ[˝ %UÔ EıÁ]XÁTˆÓÁG, ÿëˆÁUÔTˆÓÁG,
ÂacÕ TˆÓÁG ◊`l˘Á[Ã ˝ LXÓ Y[[˝„Ô Tˆ [˝Á ◊X#¤X ÿöˆÁ„X %Á`“^Ã _c˜„O Tˆ c˜^Ã XÁ, Eı∂ˆÇ„Ô l˘‰ycÕ
Eı∂ˆÇÔ •ÁÃ[˝Á ÂacÕ ◊`l˘Á c˜Ã^, Eı∂ˆÇÔcÕ Â^ÁGY„U %Á„Ã[˝Ác˜„SÃ[˝ =YÁÃ^* AcÕ ◊[˝◊ªJÙy
_›_Á]Ã^ LGd L›„[˝Ã[˝ %ÁX≥V =dYÁV„XÃ[˝ LXÓ a rÙ* cÕc˜Á \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ =„Å`Ó
X„c˜ Â^, AcÕ %ÁX≥V]Ã^ y‘›QÕˆÁ aÁÜ c˜=Eı* ◊Tˆ◊X L›[˝„Eı TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ aFÁ C ÂF_ÁÃ[˝
aÁU› Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á LG„TˆÃ[˝ %ÁX„≥VÃ[˝ ÊÿÉˆÁTˆ ªJÙÁ_ÁcÕ„Tˆ ªJÙÁX* %Á]Ã[˝Á Â^ %p˚ÁX %µ˘EıÁ„Ã[˝
%Á◊ªK˜, y‘›QÕˆÁÃ[˝ a«◊[˝W˝ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ ◊Tˆ◊X V…„Ã[˝ Ã[˝◊c˜Ã^Á‰ªK˜X [˝◊_Ã^ÁcÕ Âa %µ˘EıÁÃ[˝ ◊H◊Ã[˝Ã^Á
UÁ„Eı* TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ◊X◊Å¤rÙ A]X %„XEı =YÁÃ^ %Á‰ªK˜ Â^, Âam◊_ %[˝_∂ëˆX Eı◊Ã[˝„_
%µ˘EıÁÃ[˝ c˜cÕ„Tˆ ◊Xõ ı◊Tˆ _Á\ˆ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ aÁ◊~W˝ÓY“Á◊ä c˜Ã^* ^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝
y‘›QÕˆÁÃ^ ◊[˝Ã[˝N˛ [˝Á ◊[˝`“Á]Y“ÁUfi c˜X, ◊Tˆ◊X TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ %◊\ˆ_Áb Y…SÔ Eı„Ã[˝X* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ
^gÁc˜Á[Ã ˝Á TgˆÁc˜Á[Ã ˝cÕ LXÓ ÂacÕ =YÁÃ^ %[˝_∂ëˆX Eı„[Ã ˝X, \ˆG[˝ÁX TgˆÁc˜Á◊VG„EıcÕ c˜cO ˜„_Á„Eı
[˝Á YÃ[˝„_Á„Eıı ÂF_ÁÃ[˝ =Y^«N˛ aÁU› Eı„Ã[˝X* %#«¤X `“›E ı„b’Ã[˝ ◊Y“Ã^Tˆ] aFÁ
C y‘›QÕˆÁÃ[˝ ac˜ªJÙÃ[˝ [˝◊_Ã^Á G›TˆÁÃ[˝ G…ªRÕÙTˆ] ◊`l˘Á _Á\ˆ Eı◊Ã[˝„_X* ÂacÕ G…ªRÕÙTˆ] ◊`l˘Á
◊Eı, TˆÁc˜Á Y…[[˝Ô Y“[˝„µ˘ [˝«MıÁcÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÊªJÙrÙÁ EıÃ[˝Á c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜* \ˆG[˝ÁX %#«¤X„Eı [˝◊_„_X,
Eı∂ˆÇaÔ ~ÓÁa LG„Tˆ[Ã ˝ Y„l˘ %◊XrÙEı[Ã ˝ A[˝e TˆÓÁGc˜›X a~ÓÁa ◊[˝QˆÕ ∂ˆë XÁ ]Áy* a~ÓÁ„a
Â^ Zı__Á\ˆ c˜Ã^, TˆÓÁ„GC ÂacÕ Zı__Á\ˆ c˜Ã^, %UÔÁd %p˚ÁX c˜cÕ„Tˆ ]«◊N˛, a]TˆÁ,
`◊N˛_Á\ˆ, %ÁX≥V_Á\ˆ, `“›E ıb’_Á\ˆ* a[[˝ÔLXY…◊LTˆ [˝Ó◊N˛ ^Ác˜Á Eı„Ã[˝X, Â_Á„Eı
TˆÁc˜ÁcÕ %ÁV`Ô Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á %ÁªJÙÃ[˝S Eı„Ã[˝, %TÂ[˝ T«ˆ◊] ^◊V Eı∂ˆÇÔa~ÓÁa EıÃ[˝, aEı„_
ÂacÕ Y„UÃ[˝ Y◊UEı c˜c˜^ÃO Á W˝∂ˆÇaÔ ·¯[Ã ˝ C %W˝∂ˆÇYÔ Á“ W˝ÁXÓ a ◊rÙ Eı◊[Ã ˝„[˝* T«ˆ◊] Eı∂ˆÇZÔ ı_& c˜Á
TˆÓÁG Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ]ÁX«„bÃ[˝ aÁW˝ÁÃ[˝S W˝∂ˆÇÔ %ÁªJÙÃ[˝S EıÃ[˝, %ÁV`ÔÿëˆÃ[˝÷Y c˜cÕÃ^Á aEı_„Eı
◊XL ◊XL Eı∂ˆÇYÔ „U %G–a[Ã ˝ c˜c˜[O ˝Á[Ã ˝ ÊY“[Ã ˝SÁ VÁC, TˆÁc˜Á c˜c˜„O _cÕ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ aÁW˝∂ˆÇÓÔ Y“Áä
C ◊Y“Ã^Tˆ] a«c˜÷V c˜cÕ„[˝* TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Y„Ã[˝ ◊Tˆ◊X [˝«MıÁcÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜X Â^, Eı∂ˆÇÔ•ÁÃ[˝Á Ê`“Ã^fY„U
%ÁÃ[˝÷ªRÕÙ c˜cÕÃ^Á ÂacÕ Y„U Â`b %[˝ÿöˆÁÃ^ `] %UÔÁd a[[˝Ô-%ÁÃ[˝êˆ-TˆÓÁGcÕ ◊[˝◊c˜Tˆ*
cÕc˜ÁC Eı∂ˆÇÔa~ÓÁa X„c˜, %c˜·¯ÁÃ[˝ [˝#¤XY…[[˝ÔEı [˝ß_ÁÃ^ÁaY…SÔ Ã[˝ÁL◊aEı ÊªJÙrÙÁTˆÓÁ„G
\ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ a◊c˜Tˆ ^«N˛ c˜cÕÃ^Á, mSÁTˆ›Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ `◊N˛ªJÙÁ◊_Tˆ ^„‹óˆÃ[˝ XÓÁÃ^
Eı∂ˆÇÔ EıÃ[˝Á* ÂacÕ %[˝ÿöˆÁÃ^ L›„[˝Ã[˝ AcÕ ÿöˆÁÃ^› p˚ÁX c˜Ã^ Â^, %Á◊] EıwÔ¯Á X◊c˜, %Á◊]
V–rÙÁ, %Á◊] \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ %e`, %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ÿëˆ\ˆÁ[˝ªÃ[˝◊ªJÙTˆ AcÕ ÂVc˜Ã[˝÷Y Eı∂ˆÇÔ]Ã^ %ÁW˝Á„Ã[˝
\ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ `◊N˛cÕ _›_ÁÃ[˝ EıÁ^ÔÓ Eı„Ã[˝* L›[˝ aÁl˘› C Â\ˆÁN˛Á, Y“E ı◊Tˆ EıwÔ¯Á,
YÃ[˝„]`üÃ[˝ %X«]‹ôˆÁ* AcÕ p˚ÁXY“Áä Y«Ã[˝”b `◊N˛Ã[˝ ÂEıÁXC EıÁ^ÔÓÁÃ[˝„êˆ EıÁ]XÁ-
Ã[˝÷Y aÁc˜Á^Ó [˝Á [˝ÁW˝Á ◊V„Tˆ cÕ¨K«˜Eı c˜X XÁ* `◊N˛Ã[˝ %W˝›X c˜cÕÃ^Á ÂVc˜-]X-[˝«◊à˘
<`üÃ[˝Á◊VrÙ Eı„∂ˆÇÔ Y“[˝ w¯ c˜Ã^* E«ıÃ[˝”„l˘‰yÃ[˝ \ˆ›bS c˜TˆÓÁEıÁâ¯C ^◊V \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝
%X«]Tˆ c˜Ã^ A[˝e ÿëˆ W˝∂ˆÇÔY„U ^◊V TˆÁc˜ÁcÕ H‰ªRÙO, TˆÁc˜Á„TˆC %◊_ä[˝«◊à˘ EıÁ]XÁÃ[˝◊c˜Tˆ
p˚ÁXY“Áä L›„[˝Ã[˝ YÁY&`Ô c˜Ã^ XÁ* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ cÕc˜Á %◊Tˆ %î„_Á„EıÃ[˝ _\ˆÓ p˚ÁX
C %ÁV`Ô, cÕc˜Á aÁW˝ÁÃ[˝S W˝∂ˆÇÔ c˜cÕ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ XÁ* Tˆ„[˝ AcÕ Y„UÃ[˝ aÁW˝ÁÃ[˝S Y◊U„EıÃ[˝
EıwÔ¯[˝Ó Eı∂ˆÇÔ ◊Eı? TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝C AcÕ p˚ÁX EıTÊı Y◊Ã[˝]Á„S Y“ÁYÓ Â^, ◊Tˆ◊X ^‹óˆ› %Á◊]
^‹óˆ* ÂacÕ p˚Á„XÃ[˝ [˝„_ \ˆG[˝ÁX„Eı ÿˆÇÃ[˝S Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ÿëˆW˝∂ˆÇÔ„a[˝ÁcÕ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Y„l˘
%Á◊VrÙ*
Ê`“Ã^ÁXÀ ÿëˆW˝„∂ˆÇÔÁ ◊[˝mSf YÃ[˝W˝∂ˆÇÔÁd ÿëˆX«◊úˆTˆÁd*
ÿëˆ\ˆÁ[˝◊XÃ^Tê Eı∂ˆÇÔ E«ı[[˝ÔÁ~Á‰Y¬Á◊Tˆ ◊Eı◊_üb]À**
ÿëˆW˝∂ˆÇÔ ÿëˆ\ˆÁ[˝◊XÃ^Tˆ Eı∂ˆÇÔ* EıÁ„_Ã[˝ G◊Tˆ„Tˆ ÿëˆ\ˆÁ„[˝Ã[˝ %◊\ˆ[˝Ó◊N˛ C Y◊Ã[˝S◊Tˆ
c˜Ã^* EıÁ„_Ã[˝ G◊Tˆ„Tˆ ]ÁX«„bÃ[˝ Â^ aÁW˝ÁÃ[˝S ÿëˆ\ˆÁ[˝ G◊PˆTˆ c˜Ã^, ÂacÕ ÿëˆ\ˆÁ[˝◊XÃ^Tˆ
Eı∂ˆÇÔ ^«GW˝∂ˆÇÔ* LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ Eı∂ˆÇÔG◊Tˆ„Tˆ Â^ LÁTˆ›Ã^ ÿëˆ\ˆÁ[˝ G◊PˆTˆ c˜Ã^, ÂacÕ ÿëˆ\ˆÁ[˝◊XÃ^Tˆ
Eı∂ˆÇÔ LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ W˝∂ˆÇÔ* [˝Ó◊N˛Ã[˝ Eı∂ˆÇÔG◊Tˆ„Tˆ Â^ ÿëˆ\ˆÁ[˝ G◊PˆTˆ c˜Ã^, ÂacÕ ÿëˆ\ˆÁ[˝◊XÃ^Tˆ
a~ÓÁa C TˆÓÁG 265
Eı∂ˆÇÔ [˝Ó◊N˛Ã[˝ W˝∂ˆÇÔ* AcÕ XÁXÁ W˝∂ˆÇÔ aXÁTˆX W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ aÁW˝ÁÃ[˝S %ÁV`Ô •ÁÃ[˝Á YÃ[˝&Ã[˝-
ae^«N˛ C ` Ö◊_Tˆ c˜Ã^* aÁW˝ÁÃ[˝S W˝Á◊∂ˆÇÔ„EıÃ[˝ Y„l˘ AcÕ W˝∂ˆÇÔcÕ ÿëˆW˝∂ˆÇÔ* [˝–°˘ªJÙÁÃ[˝›
%[˝ÿöˆÁÃ^ AcÕ W˝∂ˆÇÔ„a[˝ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ p˚ÁX C `◊N˛ a◊á˚Tˆ c˜Ã^, G c˜ÿöˆÁ`“„] AcÕ W˝∂ˆÇÔ
%X«◊úˆTˆ c˜Ã^, AcÕ W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ a+…SÔ %X«úˆÁ„X [˝ÁXY“„ÿöˆ [˝Á a~ÓÁ„a %◊W˝EıÁÃ[˝Y“Á◊ä
c˜Ã^* cÕc˜ÁcÕ W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ aXÁTˆX G◊Tˆ*
◊[˝`üÃ[˝÷Y V`ÔX
G›TˆÁÃ^ ◊[˝`üÃ[˝÷Y
""[˝„≥V]ÁTˆÃ[˝]À'' `›bÔEı Y“[˝„µ˘ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ `“„à˘Ã^ [˝µ«˘ ◊[˝◊YXªJÙ≥V– YÁ_ EıUÁ
Y“a„Ü %#«¤„XÃ[˝ ◊[˝`üÃ[˝÷YV`Ô„XÃ[˝ =‰{F Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ◊_◊FÃ^Á‰ªK˜X Â^ G›TˆÁÃ[˝ AEıÁV`
%W˝ÓÁ„Ã^ Â^ ◊[˝`üÃ[˝÷YV`Ô„XÃ[˝ [˝SÔXÁ ◊_◊FTˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜, TˆÁc˜Á a+…SÔ %aTˆÓ, Eı◊[˝Ã[˝
EıîXÁ ]Áy* %Á]Ã[˝Á AcÕ EıUÁÃ[˝ Y“◊Tˆ[˝ÁV Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ [˝ÁW˝Ó* ◊[˝`üÃ[˝÷YV`ÔX G›TˆÁÃ[˝
%◊Tˆ Y“„Ã^ÁLX›Ã^ %Ü* %#«¤„XÃ[˝ ]„X Â^ ◊•W˝Á C a„≥Vc˜ =dY~ c˜cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜_,
TˆÁc˜Á `“›E ıb’ TÊÔı C p˚ÁXG\ˆ¤ =◊N˛ •ÁÃ[˝Á ◊XÃ[˝aX Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜„_X, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ TÊÔı C
=Y„V` •ÁÃ[˝Á Â^ p˚ÁX _Á\ˆ c˜Ã^, TˆÁc˜Á %V ªRÕÙY“◊Tˆ◊úˆTˆ, Â^ p˚Á„XÃ[˝ =Y_◊ç˘
c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜, ÂacÕ p˚Á„XÃ[˝cÕ V ªRÕÙY“◊TˆúˆÁ c˜Ã^* ÂacÕLXÓ %#«¤X %‹ôˆ^ÔÓÁ]›Ã[˝ %_◊l˘Tˆ
ÊY“Ã[˝SÁÃ^ ◊[˝`üÃ[˝÷YV`Ô„XÃ[˝ %ÁEıÁIl˘Á LÁXÁcÕ„_X* ◊[˝`üÃ[˝÷YV`Ô„X %#«¤„XÃ[˝ a„≥Vc˜
◊ªJÙÃ[˝EıÁ„_Ã[˝ LXÓ ◊Tˆ„Ã[˝Á◊c˜Tˆ c˜cÕ_, [˝«◊à˘ Y…Tˆ C ◊[˝£à˘ c˜cÕÃ^Á G›TˆÁÃ[˝ YÃ[˝] Ã[˝cãÓ
G–c˜„SÃ[˝ Â^ÁGÓ c˜cÕ_* ◊[˝`üÃ[˝÷YV`Ô„XÃ[˝ Y…„[[˝Ô G›TˆÁÃ^ Â^ p˚ÁX Eı◊UTˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜_,
TˆÁc˜Á aÁW˝„EıÃ[˝ =Y„^ÁG› p˚Á„XÃ[˝ [˝◊c˜Ã[˝Ü; ÂacÕ Ã[˝÷YV`Ô„XÃ[˝ Y„Ã[˝ Â^ p˚ÁX Eı◊UTˆ
c˜Ã^, Âa p˚ÁX G…ªRÕÙ aTˆÓ, YÃ[˝] Ã[˝cãÓ, aXÁTˆX ◊`l˘Á* AcÕ ◊[˝`üÃ[˝÷YV`Ô„XÃ[˝
[˝SÔXÁ„Eı ^◊V Eı◊[˝Ã[˝ =Y]Á [˝◊_, G›TˆÁÃ[˝ GÁêˆ›^ÔÓ, aTˆTˆÁ C G\ˆ›Ã[˝TˆÁ XrÙ c˜Ã^,
Â^ÁG_ç˘ G\ˆ›Ã[˝Tˆ] ◊`l˘Á Eı„ÃÊıªRÙO› VÁ`Ô◊XEı ]Tˆ C Eı◊[˝Ã[˝ EıîXÁÃ[˝ a]Á„[˝„`
Y◊Ã[˝STˆ c˜Ã^* ◊[˝`üÃ[˝÷YV`ÔX EıîXÁ XÃ^, =Y]Á XÃ^, aTˆÓ; %◊TˆY“ÁE ıTˆ aTˆÓ X„c,
--- ÂEıXXÁ ◊[˝`ü Y“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝ %‹ôˆGÔTˆ, ◊[˝`üÃ[˝÷Y %◊TˆY“ÁE ıTˆ c˜cÕ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ XÁ* ◊[˝`üÃ[˝÷Y
EıÁÃ[˝SLG„TˆÃ[˝ aTˆÓ, EıÁÃ[˝SLG„TˆÃ[˝ Ã[˝÷Y ◊V[˝ÓªJÙl«˘„Tˆ Y“EıÁ` c˜Ã^* ◊V[˝ÓªJÙl«˘Y“Áä
%#«¤X EıÁÃ[˝SLG„TˆÃ[˝ ◊[˝`üÃ[˝÷Y ÂV◊F„_X*
aÁEıÁÃ[˝ C ◊XÃ[˝ÁEıÁÃ[˝
^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á ◊XmÔS ◊XÃ[˝ÁEıÁÃ[˝ [˝–„°˘Ã[˝ =YÁaEı, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á mS C %ÁEıÁ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ EıUÁ
Ã[˝÷YEı C =Y]Á [˝◊_Ã^Á =QÕˆÁcÕÃ^Á ÂVX; ^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á amS ◊XÃ[˝ÁEıÁÃ[˝ [˝–„°˘Ã[˝ =YÁaEı,
TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á `Á‰ÿóˆÃ[˝ %XÓÃ[˝÷Y [˝ÓÁFÓÁ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ◊XmÔS±ºˆ %ÿëˆ›EıÁÃ[˝ Eı„Ã[˝X A[˝e %ÁEıÁ„Ã[˝Ã[˝
EıUÁ Ã[˝÷YEı C =Y]Á [˝◊_Ã^Á =QÕˆÁcÕÃ^Á ÂVX* amS aÁEıÁÃ[˝ [˝–„°˘Ã[˝ =YÁaEı AcÕ
◊[˝`üÃ[˝÷Y V`ÔX 267
V«cÕL„XÃ[˝cÕ =YÃ[˝ FQÕGc˜ÿôˆ* %Á]Ã[˝Á AcÕ ◊TˆX ]Tˆ„EıcÕ a·¯›SÔ C %a+…SÔ p˚ÁX-
aê…ˆTˆ [˝◊_* ÂEıXXÁ ^gÁc˜Á[Ã ˝Á aÁEıÁ[Ã ˝ C ◊XÃ[˝ÁEıÁ[Ã ˝, ◊•◊[˝W˝ [˝°– ˘„Eı =Y_◊ç˘ Eı◊[Ã ˝^Ã Á‰ªK˜X,
TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á ◊EıÃ[˝÷„Y AEı„Eı aTˆÓ, %YÃ[˝„Eı %aTˆÓ EıîXÁ [˝◊_Ã^Á p˚Á„XÃ[˝ %◊‹ôˆ]
Y“]ÁS XrÙ Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝X A[˝e %a›] [˝–°˘„Eı a›]ÁÃ[˝ %W˝›X Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝X? ^◊V [˝–„°˘Ã[˝
◊XmÔS±ºˆ C ◊XÃ[˝ÁEıÁÃ[˝±ºˆ %ÿëˆ›EıÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝, %Á]Ã[˝Á \ˆG[˝ÁX„Eı ÂF„_Á Eı◊Ã[˝, AcÕ EıUÁ
aTˆÓ; ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ^◊V [˝–„°˘Ã[˝ amS±ºˆ C aÁEıÁÃ[˝±ºˆ %ÿëˆ›EıÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝, %Á]Ã[˝Á \ˆG[˝ÁX„Eı
ÂF„_Á Eı◊Ã[˝, AcÕ EıUÁC aTˆÓ* \ˆG[˝ÁX Ã[˝÷„YÃ[˝ EıwÔ¯Á, ÿÉˆrÙÁ, %W˝›`üÃ[˝, ◊Tˆ◊X ÂEıÁX
Ã[˝÷„Y %Á[˝à˘ X„c˜X; ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ Â^]X aÁEıÁÃ[˝±ºˆ •ÁÃ[˝Á %Á[˝à˘ X„c˜X, ÂacÕÃ[˝÷Y ◊XÃ[˝ÁEıÁÃ[˝±ºˆ
•ÁÃ[˝ÁC %Á[˝à˘ X„c˜X* \ˆG[˝ÁX a[[˝Ô`◊N˛]ÁX, ÿöˆ…_Y“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝ ◊XÃ^] [˝Á ÂVÈıÁ„_Ã[˝
◊XÃ^]Ã[˝÷Y LÁ„_ TgˆÁc˜Á„Eı W˝◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ \ˆÁX Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á %Á]Ã[˝Á ^◊V [˝◊_, T«ˆ◊] ^FX
%X‹ôˆ, %Á◊] ÂTˆÁ]Á„Eı aÁ‹ôˆ c˜cÕ„Tˆ ◊V[˝ XÁ, ÊªJÙrÙÁ EıÃ[˝ ÂV◊F, T«ˆ◊] YÁ◊Ã[˝„[˝ XÁ,
T«ˆ◊] %Á]ÁÃ[˝ %EıÁRª ÙÓO TÊıÔ C ^«◊N˛„Tˆ %Á[˝à˘, Â^]X Y“„&„Ã[˝Á[Ã ˝ c˜≥O V–LÁ„_ ZıÁ◊QÔˆXÁ≥V
--- A ◊Eı c˜ÁaÓEıÃ[˝ EıUÁ, A◊Eı ÂHÁÃ[˝ %c˜·¯ÁÃ[˝ C %p˚ÁX* \ˆG[˝ÁX [˝µ˘XÃ[˝◊c˜Tˆ,
◊XÃ[˝ÁEıÁÃ[˝ C aÁEıÁÃ[˝, aÁW˝Eı„Eı aÁEıÁÃ[˝ c˜cÕÃ^Á V`ÔX ÂVX, --- ÂacÕ %ÁEıÁ„Ã[˝ Y…SÔ
\ˆG[˝ÁX Ã[˝◊c˜Ã^Á‰ªK˜X %UªJÙ ÂacÕ a]„Ã^cÕ a+…SÔ [˝–°˘Áâ¯ [˝ÓÁä Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á Ã[˝◊c˜Ã^Á‰ªK˜X*
ÂEıXXÁ \ˆG[˝ÁX ÂVÈıÁ_ÁTˆ›Tˆ, %TÊÔıG]Ó, ÂV` C EıÁ_ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ÂF_ÁÃ[˝ aÁ]G–›,
ÂV` C EıÁ_Ã[˝÷Y LÁ_ ÂZı◊_Ã^Á a[[˝Ô\…ˆTˆ„Eı W˝◊Ã[˝Ã^Á y‘›QÕˆÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜X, %Á]Ã[˝Á
◊Eı‹ô«ˆ TgˆÁc˜Á„Eı ÂacÕ LÁ„_ W˝◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝[˝ XÁ* ^Tˆ[˝ÁÃ[˝ TÊÔı C VÁ`Ô◊XEı ^«◊N˛
Y“„Ã^ÁG Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ÂacÕ %aÁW˝Ó aÁW˝X Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ ^ÁcÕ, TˆTˆ[˝ÁÃ[˝ Ã[˝Ü]Ã^ ÂacÕ LÁ_„Eı
aÃ[˝ÁcÕÃ^Á %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ %‰G–, ◊YªK˜„X, YÁ„`üÔ, V…„Ã[˝, ªJÙÁ◊Ã[˝◊V„Eı ] V« ] V« c˜Á◊aÃ^Á ◊[˝`üÃ[˝÷Y
C ◊[˝`üÁTˆ›Tˆ Ã[˝÷Y Y“aÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á [˝«◊à˘„Eı YÃ[˝Áÿôˆ Eı„Ã[˝X* Â^ [˝„_ %Á◊] TgˆÁc˜Á„Eı
LÁ◊X„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝_Á], Âa ◊EıªK«˜cÕ LÁ„X XÁ; Â^ [˝„_, %Á◊] LÁ◊X %UªJÙ LÁ◊X XÁ,
ÂacÕ Y“E ıTˆ p˚ÁX›*
◊[˝`üÃ[˝÷Y
◊^◊X `◊N˛Ã[˝ =YÁaEı, Eı∂ˆÇ„Ô ^ÁG›, ^‹óˆ›[Ã ˝ ^‹óˆ c˜c˜^ÃO Á \ˆG[˝V◊À X◊Å¤rÙ EıÁ^ÔÓ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ
%Á◊VrÙ, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ªJÙ„l˘ ◊[˝`üÃ[˝÷YV`ÔX %◊Tˆ Y“„Ã^ÁLX›Ã^* ◊[˝`üÃ[˝÷YV`Ô„XÃ[˝ Y…„[[˝ÔC
◊Tˆ◊X %Á„V`_Á\ˆ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝X, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ÂacÕ V`ÔX_Á\ˆ XÁ c˜CÃ^Á Y^ÔÓ‹ôˆ %Á„V`
◊PÊı ]t«Ã[˝ c˜Ã^ XÁ, Ã[˝”L« c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜, YÁ` c˜Ã^ XÁcÕ* ÂacÕ Y^ÔÓ‹ôˆ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Eı∂ˆÇÔ◊`l˘ÁÃ[˝
C ÈTˆÃ^ÁÃ[˝› c˜cÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ a]Ã^* ◊[˝`üÃ[˝÷YV`Ô„X Eı„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ %ÁÃ[˝êˆ* ◊[˝`üÃ[˝÷YV`ÔX %„XEı

Y“EıÁ[Ã ˝ c˜c˜„O Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ --- Â^]X aÁW˝XÁ, Â^]X aÁW˝„Eı[Ã ˝ ÿëˆ\ˆÁ[˝* EıÁ_›Ã[˝ ◊[˝`[Ãü ˝÷YV`Ô„X
aÁW˝Eı LGd]Ã^ %YÃÃ[˝÷Y XÁÃ[˝›Ã[˝÷Y ÂV„FX, AEı %UªJÙ %GSX ÂVc˜^«N˛, a[[˝Ôy
ÂacÕ ◊X◊[˝QÕˆ-◊Tˆ◊]Ã[˝-Y“aÁÃ[˝Eı HXE ıb’ E«ı‹ôˆ_Ã[˝Á◊` %ÁEıÁ` ªK˜ÁcÕÃ^Á Ã[˝◊c˜Ã^Á‰ªK˜, a[[˝Ôy
ÂacÕ Ã[˝N˛ÁN˛ F„QÕGÃ[˝ %Á\ˆÁ XÃ^X Mı_◊aÃ^Á X TˆÓ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜, LGd]Ã^ ÂacÕ \ˆ›bS
%vÙc˜Á◊aÃ[˝ ÊÿÉˆÁTˆ ◊[˝`ü[˝–°˘Áâ¯ ªJ…ÙSÔ-◊[˝ªJ…ÙSÔ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜* AcÕ aEı_ EıUÁ Eı◊[˝Ã[˝ EıîXÁ
X„c˜, %◊TˆY“ÁE ıTˆ =Y_◊ç˘„Eı %a+…SÔ ]ÁX[˝\ˆÁbÁÃ^ [˝SÔXÁ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ ◊[˝Zı_ ÊªJÙrÙÁ
X„c˜* cÕc˜Á EıÁ_›Ã[˝ %Á±¡Y“EıÁ`, cÕc˜Á %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ Y“E ıTˆ Ã[˝÷Y, --- ^Ác˜Á
◊V[˝ÓªJÙl«˘„Tˆ ÂVFÁ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ %X◊TˆÃ[˝◊tTˆ aÃ[˝_ aTˆÓ [˝SÔXÁ* %#«¤X EıÁ_›Ã[˝
◊[˝`üÃ[˝÷Y ÂV„FX XÁcÕ, ÂV◊FÃ^Á◊ªK˜„_X EıÁ_Ã[˝÷Y› `“›E ı„b’Ã[˝ aec˜ÁÃ[˝Eı ◊[˝`üÃ[˝÷Y*
AEıcÕ EıUÁ* ◊V[˝ÓJª Ùl˘« „Tˆ ÂV◊F„_X, [˝Ác˜Óp˚ÁXc˜›X a]Á◊W˝„Tˆ X„c˜ --- ^Ác˜Á ÂV◊F„_X,
[˝ÓÁa„V[˝ TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ %◊[˝Eı_ %X◊TˆÃ[˝◊tTˆ [˝SÔXÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„_X* ÿëˆY¬ X„c˜, EıîXÁ X„c˜,
aTˆÓ, LÁG–Tˆ aTˆÓ*
EıÁÃ[˝SLG„TˆÃ[˝ Ã[˝÷Y
\ˆG[˝VÀ-%◊W˝◊úˆTˆ ◊TˆX %[˝ÿöˆÁÃ[˝ EıUÁ `Á‰ÿóˆ YÁCÃ^Á ^ÁÃ^, --- Y“Áp˚-%◊W˝◊úˆTˆ
a«b«◊ä, ÈTˆLa [˝Á ◊c˜Ã[˝SÓG\ˆ¤-%◊W˝◊úˆTˆ ÿëˆY¬, ◊[˝Ã[˝ÁªRÙO-%◊W˝◊úˆTˆ LÁG–Tˆ* Y“„TˆÓEı
%[˝ÿöˆÁ AEı AEı LGd* a«b«◊ä„Tˆ EıÁÃ[˝SLGd, ÿëˆ‰Y¬ a…©øLGd, LÁG–„Tˆ ÿöˆ…_-
LGd* EıÁÃ[˝„S ^Ác˜Á ◊XSfiTˆ C %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ÂVÈıÁ„_Ã[˝ %Tˆ›Tˆ, a…„©ø TˆÁc˜Á Y“◊Tˆ-
\ˆÁ◊aTˆ, ÿöˆ…„_ %Áe◊Èı\ˆÁ„[˝ ÿöˆ…_LG„TˆÃ[˝ ◊XÃ^] %X«aÁ„Ã[˝ %◊\ˆX›Tˆ c˜Ã^* `“›E ıb’
%#«¤X„Eı [˝◊_„_X, %Á◊] W˝ÁwÔ¯Ã[˝Ár—ÙGS„Eı Y…„[[˝ÔcÕ [˝W˝ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜, %UªJÙ ÿöˆ…_LG„Tˆ
W˝ÁwÔ¯Ã[˝Ár—ÙGS TˆFX ^«à˘„l˘‰y %#«¤„XÃ[˝ a∂ˆÇ«„F Vâ¯ÁÃ^]ÁX, L›◊[˝Tˆ, ^«„à˘ [˝ÓÁY Tˆ*
\ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ AcÕ EıUÁ %aTˆÓ X„c˜, =Y]ÁC X„c˜* EıÁÃ[˝SLG„Tˆ ◊Tˆ◊X TgˆÁc˜Á◊VG„Eı
[˝W˝ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜„_X, X‰ªJÙd cÕc˜„_Á„Eı TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ [˝W˝ %aêˆ[˝* %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ Y“E ıTˆ L›[˝X
EıÁÃ[˝„S, ÿöˆ…„_ TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ªK˜ÁÃ^Á ]Áy Y‰QÕˆ* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ EıÁÃ[˝SLG„TˆÃ[˝ ◊XÃ^], ÂV`, EıÁ_,
Ã[˝÷Y, XÁ] ÿëˆTˆ‹óˆ* ◊[˝`üÃ[˝÷Y EıÁÃ[˝„SÃ[˝ Ã[˝÷Y, ÿöˆ…„_ ◊V[˝ÓªJÙl«˘„Tˆ Y“EıÁ◊`Tˆ c˜Ã^*
◊[˝`üÃ[˝÷Y V`ÔX 269
◊V[˝ÓªJÙl«˘
◊V[˝ÓªJÙl«˘ ◊Eı? EıîXÁÃ[˝ ªJÙl«˘ X„c˜, Eı◊[˝Ã[˝ =Y]Á X„c˜* Â^ÁG_ç˘ V ◊rÙÃ[˝ ◊TˆX
Y“EıÁÃ[˝ %Á‰ªK˜ --- a…©øV ◊rÙ, ◊[˝p˚ÁXªJÙl«˘ C ◊V[˝ÓªJÙl«˘* a…©øV ◊rÙ„Tˆ %Á]Ã[˝Á ÿëˆ‰Y¬ [˝Á
LÁG–V[˝ÿöˆÁÃ^ ]ÁX◊aEı ]…◊wÔ¯ ÂV◊F, ◊[˝p˚ÁXªJÙl«˘„Tˆ %Á]Ã[˝Á a]Á◊W˝ÿöˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á a…©øLGd
C EıÁÃ[˝SLG„TˆÃ[˝ %‹ôˆGÔTˆ XÁ]Ã[˝÷„YÃ[˝ Y“◊Tˆ]…◊wÔ¯ C aÁ„·¯◊TÊı Ã[˝÷Y ◊ªJÙw¯ÁEıÁ„`
ÂV◊F, ◊V[˝ÓªJÙl«˘„Tˆ EıÁÃ[˝SLG„TˆÃ[˝ XÁ]Ã[˝÷Y =Y_◊ç˘ Eı◊Ã[˝, --- a]Á◊W˝„TˆC =Y_◊ç˘
Eı◊Ã[˝, ÿöˆ…_ªJÙl«˘Ã[˝ a∂ˆÇ«„FC ÂV◊F„Tˆ YÁcÕ* ^Ác˜Á ÿöˆ…„_◊≥V–„Ã^Ã[˝ %„GÁªJÙÃ[˝, TˆÁc˜Á ^◊V
cÕ◊≥V–Ã^„GÁªJÙÃ[˝ c˜Ã^ cÕc˜Á„Eı ◊V[˝ÓªJÙl«˘Ã[˝ Y“\ˆÁ[˝ [˝«◊Mı„Tˆ c˜Ã^* %#«¤X ◊V[˝ÓªJÙl«˘ Y“\ˆÁ„[˝
LÁG–V[˝ÿöˆÁÃ^ \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ EıÁÃ[˝SÁ‹ôˆGÔTˆ ◊[˝`üÃ[˝÷Y ÂV◊FÃ^Á a„≥Vc˜]«N˛ c˜cÕ„_X* ÂacÕ
◊[˝`üÃ[˝÷YV`ÔX ÿöˆ…_LG„TˆÃ[˝ cÕ◊≥V–Ã^„GÁªJÙÃ[˝ aTˆÓ XÁ c˜=Eı, ÿöˆ…_ aTˆÓ %„Yl˘Á aTˆÓ,
--- EıîXÁ, %aTˆÓ [˝Á =Y]Á X„c˜*
G›TˆÁÃ[˝ \…ˆ◊]EıÁ
Y“ÿôˆÁ[˝XÁ
G›TˆÁ LG„TˆÃ[˝ Ê`“úˆ W˝∂ˆÇÔY«ÿôÊı* G›TˆÁÃ^ Â^ p˚ÁX ae„l˘„Y [˝ÓÁFÓÁTˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜,
ÂacÕ p˚ÁX ªJÙÃ[˝] C mc˜ÓTˆ], G›TˆÁÃ^ Â^ W˝∂ˆÇÔX›◊Tˆ Y“ªJÙÁ◊Ã[˝Tˆ, aEı_ W˝∂ˆÇÔX›◊Tˆ ÂacÕ
X›◊TˆÃ[˝ %‹ôˆ◊XÔ ◊c˜Tˆ A[˝e TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ Y“◊Tˆ◊úˆTˆ, G›TˆÁÃ^ Â^ Eı∂ˆÇÔY‹öˆÁ Y“V◊`ÔTˆ,
ÂacÕ Eı∂ˆÇÔY‹öˆÁ =~◊Tˆ]«F› LG„TˆÃ[˝ aXÁTˆX ]ÁGÔ*
G›TˆÁ %^«TˆÃ[˝±ÛˆY“a… %Tˆ_ a]«V–* a]ÿôˆ L›[˝XEıÁ_ ÂacÕ a]«‰V–Ã[˝ ◊X∂oˆÿôˆ„Ã[˝
%[˝TˆÃ[˝S Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ Eı◊Ã[˝„TˆC G\ˆ›Ã[˝TˆÁÃ[˝ %X«]ÁX EıÃ[˝Á ^ÁÃ^ XÁ, Tˆ_ YÁCÃ^Á ^ÁÃ^
XÁ* `Tˆ [˝daÃ[˝ Fg«◊L„Tˆ Fg«◊L„Tˆ ÂacÕ %X‹ôˆ Ã[˝±Ûˆ\ˆÁâ¯Á„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ac˜ÿÉˆÁe` W˝XC %Ác˜Ã[˝S
EıÃ[˝Á V«õıÃ[˝* %UªJÙ V«-AEıªRÙO› Ã[˝±Ûˆ =à˘ÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝„_ V◊Ã[˝V– W˝X› c˜X, G\ˆ›Ã[˝
◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ`›_ p˚ÁX›, \ˆG[˝VÀ◊[˝„•b› ÊY“◊]Eı, ]c˜ÁYÃ[˝Áy‘]› `◊N˛]ÁX Eı∂ˆÇÔ[˝›Ã[˝ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝
L›[˝„XÃ[˝ =„Å`ÓaÁW˝„XÃ[˝ LXÓ a+…SÔÃ[˝÷„Y a◊#Tˆ C a~à˘ c˜cÕÃ^Á Eı∂ˆÇÔ„l˘‰y
◊Zı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á %Á„aX*
G›TˆÁ %l˘Ã^ ]◊SÃ[˝ %ÁEıÃ[˝* ^«„G ^«„G %ÁEıÃ[˝ÿöˆ ]◊S ^◊V aeG–c˜ EıÃ[˝Á ^ÁÃ^,
TÛÁ◊Y \ˆ◊[˝bÓd [˝e`W˝Ã[˝GS a[[˝ÔVÁ X…TˆX X…TˆX %]…_Ó ]◊S]Á◊SEıÓ _Á\ˆ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á
c˜÷rÙ C ◊[˝◊ÿˆÇTˆ c˜cÕ„[˝X*
AcÕÃ[˝÷Y G\ˆ›Ã[˝ C mäp˚ÁXY…SÔ Y«ÿôÊı %UªJÙ \ˆÁbÁ %◊Tˆ`Ã^ Y“Át_, Ã[˝ªJÙXÁ
aÃ[˝_, [˝Á◊c˜ÓEı %UÔ ac˜L„[˝ÁW˝G]Ó* G›TˆÁa]«‰V–Ã[˝ %X«¨JÙ TˆÃ[˝„ÜÃ[˝ =Y„Ã[˝ =Y„Ã[˝
Â[˝QÕˆÁcÕ„_C, Q«ˆ[˝ XÁ ◊V„_C, EıTÊı `◊N˛ C %ÁX≥V [˝ ◊à˘ c˜Ã^* G›TˆÁÃ[˝÷Y %ÁEı„Ã[˝Ã[˝
Ã[˝‰±ÛˆÁÅ›◊YTˆ %µ˘EıÁ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ◊\ˆTˆÃ[˝ Y“„[˝` XÁ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ªJÙÁ◊Ã[˝YÁ„`üÔ Â[˝QÕˆÁcÕ„_C T ˆ„SÃ[˝
]„W˝Ó Y◊TˆTˆ =#ù_ ]◊S YÁCÃ^Á ^ÁÃ^, cÕc˜L›[˝„XÃ[˝ Tˆ„Ã[˝ TˆÁc˜ÁcÕ _cÕÃ^Á W˝X›
aÁ◊L„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝[˝*
G›TˆÁÃ[˝ ac˜ÿÉˆ [˝ÓÁFÓÁ c˜cÕ„_C A]X a]Ã^ EıFXC %Á◊a„[˝ XÁ ^FX X…TˆX
[˝ÓÁFÓÁÃ[˝ Y“„Ã^ÁLX c˜cÕ„[˝ XÁ* A]X LGd‰`“úˆ ]c˜ÁY◊â¯Tˆ [˝Á G\ˆ›Ã[˝ p˚ÁX› G›TˆÁÃ[˝
[˝ÓÁFÓÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝X XÁ Â^ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ [˝ÓÁFÓÁ c˜÷VÃ^Ü] c˜cÕ„_ [˝◊_„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝, c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜,
cÕc˜ÁÃ[˝ Y„Ã[˝ %ÁÃ[˝ G›TˆÁÃ[˝ [˝ÓÁFÓÁ EıÃ[˝Á ◊XπY“„Ã^ÁLX, a]ÿôˆ %UÔ Â[˝ÁMıÁ ÂG_* a]ÿôˆ
[˝«◊à˘ FÃ[˝ªJÙ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á AcÕ p˚Á„XÃ[˝ Eı„ÃÊı◊VEı ]Áy [˝«◊Mı„Tˆ C [˝«MıÁcÕ„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝[˝,
[˝ßEıÁ_ Â^ÁG]G¬ c˜cÕÃ^Á [˝Á ◊XõıÁ] Eı∂ˆÇÔ]Á„GÔ =¨JÙ c˜cÕ„Tˆ =¨JÙTˆÃ[˝ ÿöˆÁ„X %ÁÃ[˝÷ªRÕÙ
G›TˆÁÃ[˝ \…ˆ◊]EıÁ 271
c˜cÕÃ^Á AcÕ Y^ÔÓ‹ôˆ [˝◊_„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝[˝ Â^ G›„TˆÁN˛ Eı„ÃÊıªRÙO› G\ˆ›Ã[˝ aTˆÓ =Y_◊ç˘
Eı◊Ã[˝_Á] [˝Á G›TˆÁÃ[˝ V«-AEıªRÙO› ◊`l˘Á cÕc˜L›[˝„X EıÁ„^ÔÓ Y◊Ã[˝STˆ Eı◊Ã[˝_Á]* Â_FEı
Â^ªªR«ÙOE«ı =Y_◊ç˘ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X, Â^ªªR«ÙOE«ı Eı∂ˆÇÔY„U %\ˆÓÁa Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X, ◊[˝ªJÙÁÃ[˝ C ◊[˝TÊıÔ
•ÁÃ[˝Á TˆVX«^ÁÃ^› Â^ %UÔ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X, TˆÁc˜Á %Y„Ã[˝Ã[˝ aÁc˜Á^ÓÁUÔ ◊[˝[˝ Tˆ EıÃ[˝Á AcÕ
Y“[˝µ˘m◊_Ã[˝ =„Å`Ó*
[˝N˛Á
G›TˆÁÃ[˝ =„Å`Ó C %UÔ [˝«◊Mı„Tˆ c˜cÕ„_ Y…„[[˝Ô [˝N˛Á, YÁy C TˆFXEıÁÃ[˝ %[˝ÿöˆÁÃ[˝
EıUÁ ◊[˝ªJÙÁÃ[˝ EıÃ[˝Á Y“„Ã^ÁLX* [˝N˛Á \ˆG[˝ÁX `“›E ıb’, YÁy TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ aFÁ [˝›Ã[˝‰`“úˆ
%#«¤X, %[˝ÿöˆÁ E«ıÃ[˝”„l˘‰yÃ[˝ \ˆ›bS c˜TˆÓÁEıÁ„â¯Ã[˝ %ÁÃ[˝êˆ*
%„X„Eı [˝„_X, ]c˜Á\ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ Ã[˝÷YEı ]Áy, `“›E ıb’ \ˆG[˝ÁX, %#«¤X L›[˝, W˝ÁwÔ¯-
Ã[˝Ár—ÙGS ◊Ã[˝Y«aEı_, YÁâ¯[˝„aXÁ ]«◊N˛Ã[˝ %X«E…ı_ [˝ ◊w¯* cÕc˜Á„Tˆ Â^]X ]c˜Á\ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ„Eı
EıÁ[˝ÓLG„Tˆ c˜›X ÿöˆÁX ÂVCÃ^Á c˜Ã^, ÂTˆ]XcÕ G›TˆÁÃ[˝ G\ˆ›Ã[˝TˆÁ, Eı∂ˆÇfiÃ[˝ L›[˝„X
=Y„^Á◊GTˆÁ C =¨JÙ ]ÁX[˝LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ =~◊TÊıÁÃ[˝Eı ◊`l˘Á F[[˝Ô C XrÙ c˜Ã^* E«ıÃ[˝”„l˘y
^«à˘ ÂEı[˝_ G›TˆÁ◊ªJÙ‰yÃ[˝ ÊZ–ı] XÃ^, G›„TˆÁN˛ ◊`l˘ÁÃ[˝ ]…_ EıÁÃ[˝S A[˝e G›„TˆÁN˛
W˝∂ˆÇÔ a+ÁV„XÃ[˝ Ê`“úˆ Âl˘y* E«ıÃ[˝”„l˘y ]c˜Á^«„à˘Ã[˝ EıÁî◊XEı %UÔ ^◊V ÿëˆ›EıÁÃ[˝
EıÃ[˝Á ^ÁÃ^, G›TˆÁÃ[˝ W˝∂ˆÇÔ [˝›„Ã[˝Ã[˝ W˝∂ˆÇÔ, aeaÁ„Ã[˝ %ÁªJÙÃ[˝S›Ã^ W˝∂ˆÇÔ XÁ c˜cÕÃ^Á aeaÁ„Ã[˝Ã[˝
%X«Y„^ÁG› `Á‹ôˆ a~ÓÁa W˝„∂ˆÇÔ Y◊Ã[˝STˆ c˜Ã^*
`“›E ıb’ [˝N˛Á* `Á‰ÿóˆ [˝„_ `“›E ıb’ \ˆG[˝ÁX ÿëˆÃê* G›TˆÁÃ^C `“›E ıb’ ◊X„L„Eı
\ˆG[˝ÁX [˝◊_Ã^Á FÓÁYX Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X* ªJÙT«ÛÔ %W˝ÓÁ„Ã^ %[˝TˆÁÃ[˝[˝ÁV A[˝e V`] %W˝ÓÁ„Ã^
◊[˝\ˆ… ◊Tˆ[˝ÁV %[˝_∂ëˆX Eı◊Ã[˝^Ã Á \ˆG[˝ÁX a[[˝\Ô ˆ… „Tˆ[Ã ˝ ÂV„c˜ Y“¨K˜~\ˆÁ„[˝ %◊W˝◊úˆTˆ, ◊[˝„`b
◊[˝„`b \…ˆ„Tˆ `◊N˛◊[˝EıÁ„` EıTÊı Y◊Ã[˝]Á„S [˝ÓN˛ A[˝e `“›E ıb’„V„c˜ Y…SÔÁe`Ã[˝÷„Y
%[˝Tˆ›SÔ, cÕc˜ÁcÕ Y“ªJÙÁ◊Ã[˝Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜* %„X„Eı [˝„_X, `“›E ıb’ %#«¤X E«ıÃ[˝”„l˘y
Ã[˝÷YEı]Áy, ÂacÕ Ã[˝÷YEı [˝#¤X Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á G›TˆÁÃ[˝ %Áa_ ◊`l˘Á =à˘ÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ c˜Ã^,
◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ÂacÕ ◊`l˘ÁÃ[˝ AcÕ %e` [˝ÁV ◊V„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝ XÁ* %[˝TˆÁÃ[˝[˝ÁV ^◊V UÁ„Eı,
`“›E ıb’„Eı [˝ÁV ◊V[˝ ÂEıX? %TÂ[˝ ÿëˆÃê \ˆG[˝ÁX AcÕ p˚ÁX C ◊`l˘ÁÃ[˝ Y“ªJÙÁÃ[˝Eı*
`“›E ıb’ %[˝TˆÁÃ[˝, ]ÁX[˝„V„c˜ ]X«„bÓÃ[˝ `ÁÃ[˝›◊Ã[˝Eı, ]ÁX◊aEı C %ÁW˝ÓÁ◊±¡Eı W˝∂ˆÇÔ
G–c˜S Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á TˆVX«aÁ„Ã[˝ _›_Á Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ◊GÃ^Á‰ªK˜X* ÂacÕ _›_ÁÃ[˝ Y“EıÁ`Ó C G…ªRÕÙ
◊`l˘Á ^◊V %ÁÃ^w¯ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝, AcÕ LG•ÓÁY› _›_ÁÃ[˝ %UÔ, =„Å`Ó C Y“SÁ_›
%ÁÃ^w¯ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝[˝* AcÕ ]c˜Tˆ› _›_ÁÃ[˝ Y“W˝ÁX %Ü Y…SÔp˚ÁXY“[˝◊wÔ¯Tˆ Eı∂ˆÇÔ,

ÂacÕ Eı„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó C ÂacÕ _›_ÁÃ[˝ ]…„_ ◊Eı p˚ÁX ◊X◊c˜Tˆ ◊ªK˜_, G›TˆÁÃ^ TˆÁc˜Á
Y“EıÁ◊`Tˆ c˜cÕ_*
]c˜Á\ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝ `“›E ıb’ Eı∂ˆÇÔ[˝›Ã[˝, ]c˜Á„^ÁG›, ]c˜ÁaeaÁÃ[˝›, aÁ∂ÉˆÁLÓÿöˆÁYEı,
[Ã ˝ÁLX›◊Tˆ◊[˝VÀ C Â^Áà˘Á, l˘◊≈y^Ã „V„c˜ [˝°– ˘p˚ÁX›* TgˆÁc˜Á[Ã ˝ L›[˝„X ]c˜Á`◊N˛Ã[˝ %T«ˆ_X›Ã^
◊[˝EıÁ` C Ã[˝cãÓ]Ã^ y‘›QÕˆÁ ÂV◊F* ÂacÕ Ã[˝c˜„aÓÃ[˝ [˝ÓÁFÓÁ G›TˆÁ*
`“›E ıb’ LGdY“\«ˆ, ◊[˝`ü[˝ÓÁY› [˝Áa«„V[˝, %UªJÙ ÿëˆ›Ã^ ]◊c˜]Á Y“¨K˜~ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á
◊YTˆÁ, Y«y, }ÁTˆÁ, Y◊Tˆ, aFÁ, ◊]y, `y” cÕTˆÓÁ◊V a∂ëˆµ˘ ]ÁX[˝◊V„GÃ[˝ a„Ü ÿöˆÁYX
Eı◊[Ã ˝^Ã Á _›_Á Eı◊[Ã ˝^Ã Á‰ªK˜X* TgˆÁc˜Á[Ã ˝ L›[˝„X %Á^ÔÓp˚Á„XÃ[˝ Ê`“úˆ [Ã ˝cãÓ A[˝e \ˆ◊N˛]Á„GÔ[Ã ˝
=w¯] ◊`l˘Á ◊X◊c˜Tˆ %Á‰ªK˜* cÕc˜ÁÃ[˝ Tˆ√º¯m◊_C G›„TˆÁN˛ ◊`l˘ÁÃ[˝ %‹ôˆGÔTˆ*
`“›E ıb’ •ÁYÃ[˝ C Eı◊_^«„GÃ[˝ a◊µ˘ÿöˆ„_ %[˝Tˆ›SÔ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜X* Eı„î Eı„î ÂacÕ
a◊µ˘ÿöˆ„_ \ˆG[˝ÁX Y…SÔÁe`Ã[˝÷„Y %[˝Tˆ›SÔ c˜X* Eı◊_^«G ªJÙT«ˆ^«Ô„GÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó Â^]X
◊XE ırÙ ÂTˆ]XcÕ Ê`“úˆ ^«G* ÂacÕ ^«G ]ÁX„[˝Á~◊TˆÃ[˝ Y“W˝ÁX `y” YÁYY“[˝wÔ¯Eı Eı◊_Ã[˝
Ã[˝ÁLÓEıÁ_; ]ÁX„[˝Ã[˝ %TˆÓ‹ôˆ %[˝X◊Tˆ C %„W˝ÁG◊Tˆ Eı◊_Ã[˝ Ã[˝ÁLÓEıÁ„_ c˜Ã^* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ
[˝ÁW˝ÁÃ[˝ a◊c˜Tˆ ^«à˘ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ `◊N˛[˝ ◊à˘ c˜Ã^, Y«Ã[˝ÁTˆ„XÃ[˝ W[˝e„a X…Tˆ„XÃ[˝ a ◊rÙ
c˜Ã^, Eı◊_^«„GC ÂacÕ ◊XÃ^] ÂVFÁ ^ÁÃ^* LG„TˆÃ[˝ y‘]◊[˝EıÁ„` %£„\ˆÃ[˝ Â^cÕ
%e` ◊[˝XÁ` c˜cÕ„Tˆ ^ÁcÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜, TˆÁc˜ÁcÕ Eı◊_^«„G %◊Tˆ◊[˝EıÁ„` XrÙ c˜Ã^, AcÕ ◊V„Eı
X…Tˆ„XÃ[˝ [˝›L [˝◊YTˆ C %·«¯◊Ã[˝Tˆ c˜Ã^, ÂacÕ [˝›LcÕ aTˆÓ^«„G [˝ „l˘ Y◊Ã[˝STˆ c˜Ã^*
=YÃ[˝‹ô«ˆ Â^]X ÂLÓÁ◊Tˆb◊[˝VÓÁÃ^ AEıªRÙO› G–„c˜Ã[˝ V`ÁÃ^ aEı_ G–„c˜Ã[˝ %‹ôˆÅ¤`Á Â\ˆÁG
c˜Ã^, ÂTˆ]XcÕ Eı◊_Ã[˝ V`ÁÃ^ aTˆÓ, ÊyTˆÁ, •ÁYÃ[˝, Eı◊_ ◊XL ◊XL %‹ôˆÅ¤`Á [˝ÁÃ[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝
Â\ˆÁG Eı„Ã[˝* AcÕÃ[˝÷Y ªJÙy‘G◊Tˆ„Tˆ Eı◊_^«„G ÂHÁÃ[˝ %[˝X◊Tˆ, %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ =~◊Tˆ, %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝
ÂHÁÃ[˝TˆÃ[˝ %[˝X◊Tˆ, %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ =~◊Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ %◊\â◊µ˘ aÁ◊W˝Tˆ c˜Ã^* •ÁYÃ[˝
Eı◊_Ã[˝ a◊µ˘ÿöˆ„_ \ˆG[˝ÁX %[˝Tˆ›SÔ c˜cÕÃ^Á %£„\ˆÃ[˝ %◊Tˆ◊[˝EıÁ`, %£„\ˆÃ[˝ XÁ`,
£„\ˆÃ[˝ [˝›L[˝YX C %·«¯Ã[˝Y“EıÁ„`Ã[˝ %X«E…ı_ %[˝ÿöˆÁ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ^ÁX, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Y„Ã[˝
Eı◊_Ã[˝ %ÁÃ[˝êˆ c˜Ã^* `“›E ıb’ AcÕ G›TˆÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó aTˆÓ^«GÁXÃ^„XÃ[˝ =Y„^ÁG› mc˜Ó
p˚ÁX C Eı∂ˆÇÔY“SÁ_› Ã[˝Á◊FÃ^Á ◊GÃ^Á‰ªK˜X* Eı◊_Ã[˝ aTˆÓ %‹ôˆÅ¤`ÁÃ[˝ %ÁG]XEıÁ„_
G›TˆÁW˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ ◊[˝`ü[˝ÓÁY› Y“ªJÙÁÃ[˝ %[˝`ÓêˆÁ[˝›* ÂacÕ a]Ã^ =Y◊ÿöˆTˆ [˝◊_Ã^Á G›TˆÁÃ[˝
%ÁVÃ[˝ Eı„ÃÊıLX p˚ÁX› C Y◊â¯Tˆ„VÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó a›]Á[˝à˘ XÁ UÁ◊EıÃ^Á a[[˝ÔaÁW˝ÁÃ[˝„S
A[˝e Ê∂⁄ˆ¨K˜„V„`C Y“aÁ◊Ã[˝Tˆ c˜cÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜*
%TÂ[˝ [˝N˛Á `“›E ıb’ c˜cÕ„Tˆ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ G›TˆÁÃ[˝÷Y [˝ÁEıÓ ÿëˆTˆ‹óˆ EıÃ[˝Á ^ÁÃ^ XÁ*
`“›E ıb’ G›TˆÁÃ^ Y“¨K˜~ c˜cÕÃ^Á Ã[˝◊c˜Ã^Á‰ªK˜X, G›TˆÁ `“›E ı„b’Ã[˝ [˝ÁIÀ¯]Ã^› ]…◊wÔ¯*
YÁy
G›„TˆÁN˛ p˚Á„XÃ[˝ YÁy YÁâ¯[˝‰`“úˆ ]c˜Á[˝›Ã[˝ cÕ≥V–Tˆ XÃ^ %#«¤X* Â^]X [˝N˛Á„Eı
[˝ÁV ◊V„_ G›TˆÁÃ[˝ =„Å`Ó C ◊XG…ªRÕÙ %UÔ =à˘ÁÃ[˝ EıÃ[˝Á Eı◊PˆX, ÂTˆ]XcÕ YÁy„Eı
[˝ÁV ◊V„_ ÂacÕ %„UÔÃ[˝ c˜Á◊X c˜Ã^*
%#«X¤ `“›E ıb’-aFÁ* ^gÁc˜Á[Ã ˝Á `“›E ı„b’Ã[˝ a]aÁ]◊ÃÊı, AEı Eı∂ˆÇ„Ô l˘‰y %[˝Tˆ›SÔ,
TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á ]ÁX[˝„Vc˜W˝ÁÃ[˝› Y«Ã[˝”„bÁw¯„]Ã[˝ a◊c˜Tˆ ÿëˆ ÿëˆ %◊W˝EıÁÃ[˝ C Y…[[˝ÔEı∂ˆÇÔ„\ˆVÁX«aÁ„Ã[˝
XÁXÁ a∂ëˆµ˘ ÿöˆÁYX Eı◊Ã[˝„_X* =à˘[˝ `“›E ı„b’Ã[˝ \ˆN˛, aÁTˆÓ◊Eı TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ %X«GTˆ
ac˜ªJÙÃ[˝ C %X«ªJÙÃ[˝, Ã[˝ÁLÁ ^«◊W˝◊úˆÃ[˝ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ]‹óˆSÁªJÙÁ◊_Tˆ %Á±¡›Ã^ C [˝µ«˘, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ
`“›E ı„b’Ã[˝ a◊c˜Tˆ %#«¤„XÃ[˝ XÓÁÃ^ ÂEıc˜cÕ H◊XúˆTˆÁ ÿöˆÁYX Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝X XÁcÕ*
a][˝Ã^ïı Y«Ã[˝”„b Y«Ã[˝”„b ^Tˆ ]W˝«Ã[˝ C ◊XEıªRÙO a∂ëˆµ˘ c˜cÕ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝, `“›E ı„b’ %#«¤„X
ÂacÕ aEı_ ]W˝«Ã[˝ a∂ëˆµ˘ ◊[˝VÓ]ÁX ◊ªK˜_* %#«¤X `“›E ı„b’Ã[˝ \ˆÁcÕ, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ◊Y“Ã^Tˆ]
aFÁ, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Y“ÁSY“◊Tˆ] \ˆ◊GX› a«\ˆV–ÁÃ[˝ ÿëˆÁ]›* ªJÙT«ÛÔ %W˝ÓÁ„Ã^ \ˆG[˝ÁX AcÕ H◊XúˆTˆÁ
%#«¤X„Eı G›TˆÁÃ[˝ YÃ[˝] Ã[˝cãÓ `“[˝„SÃ[˝ YÁyÃ[˝÷„Y [˝Ã[˝S Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ EıÁÃ[˝S [˝◊_Ã^Á
◊X„Å¤` Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X*
a A[˝ÁÃê ]Ã^Á ÂTˆõ˜VÓ Â^ÁGf ÊY“ÁN˛f Y«Ã[˝ÁTˆXf*
\ˆ„N˛Áõ˜◊a Â] aFÁ ÊªJÙ◊Tˆ Ã[˝cãÓe Âc˜ÓTˆV«w¯]]À**
""AcÕ Y«Ã[˝ÁTˆX _«ä Â^ÁG %Á◊] %ÁL %Á]ÁÃ[˝ \ˆN˛ C aFÁ [˝◊_Ã^Á ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝
◊XEıªRÙO Y“EıÁ` Eı◊Ã[˝_Á]* EıÁÃ[˝S, AcÕ Â^ÁG LG„TˆÃ[˝ Ê`“úˆ C YÃ[˝] Ã[˝cãÓ*''
%rÙÁV` %W˝ÓÁ„Ã^C G›TˆÁÃ[˝ ÂEı≥V–ÿëˆÃ[˝÷Y Eı∂ˆÇÔ„^Á„GÃ[˝ ]…_]‹óˆ [˝ÓN˛ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ a]Ã^
AcÕ EıUÁÃ[˝ Y«XÃ[˝”◊N˛ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜*
a[[˝Ômc˜ÓTˆ]e \…ˆÃ^f ` S« Â] YÃ[˝]e [˝ªJÙf*
cÕ‰rÙÁõ˜◊a Â] V ªRÕÙ◊]◊Tˆ Tˆ„TˆÁ [˝l˘ÓÁ◊] ÂTˆ ◊c˜Tˆ]À**
""%Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ YÃ[˝] C a[[˝ÔÁ„Yl˘Á mc˜ÓTˆ] EıUÁ `“[˝S EıÃ[˝* T«ˆ◊] %Á]ÁÃ[˝
%Tˆ›[˝ ◊Y“Ã^, ÂacÕ Âc˜T«ˆ ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ ◊XEıªRÙO AcÕ Ê`“Ã^f Y„UÃ[˝ EıUÁ Y“EıÁ` Eı◊Ã[˝[˝*''
AcÕ Ê`¿ÁEı•„Ã^Ã[˝ TˆÁdY^ÔÓ `“”◊TˆÃ[˝ %X«E…ı_, Â^]X Eı‰PˆÁY◊Xb„V [˝_Á c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜,
XÁÃ^]Á±¡Á Y“[˝ªJÙ„XX _„\ˆÓÁ X Â]W˝Ã^Á X [˝ßXÁ `“”„TˆX*

^„]Í[˝b [˝ S«„Tˆ ÂTˆX _\ˆÓÿôˆÍaÓb %Á±¡Á ◊[˝[˝ S«„Tˆ TˆX…e ÿëˆÁ]À**
""AcÕ YÃ[˝]Á±¡Á VÁ`Ô◊X„EıÃ[˝ [˝ÓÁFÓÁ •ÁÃ[˝ÁC _\ˆÓ X„c˜, Â]W˝Á`◊N˛ •ÁÃ[˝ÁC _\ˆÓ
X„c˜, ◊[˝ÿôˆÃ[˝ `Áÿóˆp˚ÁX •ÁÃ[˝ÁC _\ˆÓ X„c˜* \ˆG[˝ÁX ^gÁc˜Á„Eı [˝Ã[˝S Eı„Ã[˝X, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝cÕ
_\ˆÓ; TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝cÕ ◊XEıªRÙO AcÕ YÃ[˝]Á±¡Á ÿëˆ›Ã^ `Ã[˝›Ã[˝ Y“EıÁ` Eı„Ã[˝X*'' %TÂ[˝ ◊^◊X
\ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ a◊c˜Tˆ aFÓ cÕTˆÓÁ◊V ]W˝«Ã[˝ a∂ëˆµ˘ ÿöˆÁYX Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ a]UÔ, ◊Tˆ◊XcÕ G›„TˆÁN˛
p˚Á„XÃ[˝ YÁy*
cÕc˜ÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó %ÁÃ[˝ AEı %◊Tˆ Y“„Ã^ÁLX›Ã^ EıUÁ ◊X◊c˜Tˆ* \ˆG[˝ÁX %#«¤X„Eı
AEı `Ã[˝›„Ã[˝ \ˆN˛ C aFÁ [˝◊_Ã^Á [˝Ã[˝S Eı◊Ã[˝„_X* \ˆN˛ XÁXÁ◊[˝W˝; aÁW˝ÁÃ[˝STˆf
EıÁc˜Á„EıC \ˆN˛ [˝◊_„_ mÃ[˝”◊`bÓ a∂ëˆ„µ˘Ã[˝ EıUÁ ]„X =‰Pˆ* ÂacÕ \ˆ◊N˛Ã[˝ ]…„_
ÊY“] %Á‰ªK˜ [˝‰ªRÙO, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ aÁW˝ÁÃ[˝STˆf [˝ÁW˝ÓTˆÁ, a∂ˆÇÁX C %µ˘\ˆ◊N˛ TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ◊[˝„`b
_l˘S* aFÁ ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ aFÁ„Eı a∂ˆÇÁX Eı„Ã[˝X XÁ; TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ a◊c˜Tˆ y‘›QÕˆÁ„EıÏT«Êı %Á„]ÁV
C Âÿoˆc˜-aêˆÁbS Eı„Ã[˝X; y‘›QÕˆÁUÔ TgˆÁc˜Á„Eı =Yc˜Áa C TˆÁ◊¨K˜_ÓC Eı„Ã[˝X, GÁ◊_
ÂVX, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ ÂVÏÃ[˝Á±¡Ó Eı„Ã[˝X* aFÁ a[[˝ÔEıÁ„_ aFÁÃ[˝ [˝ÁW˝Ó c˜„Ã^X XÁ,
TgˆÁc˜Á[Ã ˝ p˚ÁXG◊Ã[˝]Á C %EıYRª ÙO ◊c˜ÍTˆ◊bTˆÁ^Ã ]«Ñ˘ c˜c˜^ÃO Á ^◊VC TgˆÁc˜Á[Ã ˝ =Y„V`ÁX«aÁ„Ã[˝
ªJÙ„_X, Âa %µ˘\ˆÁ„[˝ X„c˜; TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ a◊c˜Tˆ TÊÔı Eı„Ã[˝X, a„≥Vc˜ aEı_ p˚ÁYX
Eı„Ã[˝X, ]„W˝Ó ]„W˝Ó TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ]„TˆÃ[˝ Y“◊Tˆ[˝ÁVC Eı„Ã[˝X* \ˆÃ^◊[˝a#¤X aFÓ a∂ëˆ„µ˘Ã[˝
Y“U] ◊`l˘Á; a∂ˆÇÁ„XÃ[˝ [˝Ác˜Ó %ÁQÕˆ∂ëˆÃ[˝ ◊[˝a#¤X TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ◊•Tˆ›Ã^ ◊`l˘Á; ÊY“] TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝
Y“U] EıUÁ C Â`b EıUÁ* ◊^◊X AcÕ LGdaeaÁÃ[˝„Eı ]ÁW˝^« ÓÔ ]Ã^, [Ã ˝cãÓ]Ã^, ÊY“]]Ã^,
%ÁX≥V]Ã^ y‘›QÕˆÁ [˝«◊MıÃ^Á \ˆG[˝ÁX„Eı y‘›QÕˆÁÃ[˝ ac˜ªJÙÃ[˝Ã[˝÷„Y [˝Ã[˝S Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á aFÓ a∂ëˆ„µ˘
%Á[˝à˘ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝X, ◊Tˆ◊X G›„TˆÁN˛ p˚Á„XÃ[˝ YÁy* ◊^◊X \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ ]◊c˜]Á,
Y“\«ˆ±ºˆ, p˚ÁXG◊Ã[˝]Á, \ˆ›bS±ºˆC c˜÷VÃ^Ü] Eı„Ã[˝X, %UªJÙ %◊\ˆ\…ˆTˆ XÁ c˜cÕÃ^Á TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝
a◊c˜Tˆ ◊X\ˆ¤„Ã^ C c˜Á◊a]«„F ÂF_Á Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á UÁ„EıX, ◊Tˆ◊X G›„TˆÁN˛ p˚Á„XÃ[˝ YÁy*
aFÓ a∂ëˆ„µ˘Ã[˝ ]„W˝Ó y‘›QÕˆÁ¨K˜„_ %ÁÃ[˝ aEı_ a∂ëˆµ˘ %‹ôˆ\«ˆ¤N˛ c˜cÕ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝*
mÃ[˝”◊`bÓ a∂ëˆµ˘ a„FÓ Y“◊Tˆ◊úˆTˆ c˜cÕ„_ %◊Tˆ ]W˝«Ã[˝ c˜Ã^, AcÕÃ[˝÷Y a∂ëˆµ˘cÕ %#«¤X
G›TˆÁÃ[˝ Y“ÁÃ[˝„êˆ `“›E ı„b’Ã[˝ a◊c˜Tˆ ÿöˆÁYX Eı◊Ã[˝„_X* ""T«ˆ◊] %Á]ÁÃ[˝ YÃ[˝] ◊c˜ÍTˆb›
[˝µ«˘, ÂTˆÁ]Á ◊\ˆ~ EıÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ `Ã[˝SÁY~ c˜cÕ[˝? %Á◊] c˜Tˆ[˝«◊à˘, EıwÔ¯[˝Ó\ˆÁ„Ã[˝ \ˆ›Tˆ,
EıwÔ¯[˝Ó a∂ëˆ„µ˘ a◊≥VÑ˘, Tˆ›[˝– Â`Á„Eı %◊\ˆ\…ˆTˆ* T«ˆ◊] %Á]Á„Eı Ã[˝l˘Á EıÃ[˝, =Y„V`
VÁX EıÃ[˝, %Á]ÁÃ[˝ B◊c˜Eı YÁÃ[˝◊≈yEı ]Ü„_Ã[˝ a]ÿôˆ \ˆÁÃ[˝ ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ XÓÿôˆ
Eı◊Ã[˝_Á]*'' AcÕ \ˆÁ„[˝ %#«¤X ]ÁX[˝LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ aFÁ C ac˜Á„Ã^Ã[˝ ◊XEıªRÙO p˚ÁX_Á\ˆÁUÔ

%Á◊aÃ^Á◊ªK˜‰_˜X* %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ ]ÁT â∂ëˆµ˘ A[˝e [˝Áda_Ó\ˆÁ[˝C a„FÓ a◊~◊[˝rÙ c˜Ã^*
[˝„Ã^Á„LÓúˆ C p˚ÁX‰`“úˆ, EıX›Ã^ÁX C %î◊[˝VÓ aFÁ„Eı ]ÁT ˆ[˝d \ˆÁ_[˝Á„aX C
Ã[˝l˘Á Eı„Ã[˝X, ^±Ûˆ Eı„Ã[˝X, a[[˝ÔVÁ ÂEıÁ„_ Ã[˝Á◊FÃ^Á ◊[˝YV C %£\ˆ c˜cÕ„Tˆ Y◊Ã[˝yÁS
Eı„Ã[˝X* ◊^◊X `“›E ı„b’Ã[˝ a◊c˜Tˆ aFÓ ÿöˆÁYX Eı„Ã[˝X, `“›E ıb’ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ◊XEıªRÙO ÿëˆ›Ã^
]ÁTˆ Ã[˝÷YC Y“EıÁ` Eı„Ã[˝X* a„FÓÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó Â^]X ]ÁT ˆ‰Y“„]Ã[˝ G\ˆ›Ã[˝TˆÁ, ÂTˆ]XcÕ
VÁ+TˆÓ‰Y“„]Ã[˝ Tˆ›[˝–TˆÁ C =dEıªRÙO %ÁX≥VC %Á◊a„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝* aFÁ aFÁÃ[˝ aÁ◊~W˝Ó
a[[˝ÔVÁ Y“ÁUÔXÁ Eı„Ã[˝X, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ◊[˝Ã[˝„c˜ EıÁTˆÃ[˝ c˜„Ã^X; TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ÂVc˜&„`Ô Y«_◊EıTˆ
c˜„Ã^X, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ Y“ÁS Y^ÔÓ‹ôˆ TˆÓÁG Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ %ÁX≥V„\ˆÁG Eı„Ã[˝X* VÁaÓ a∂ëˆµ˘C
a„FÓÃ[˝ y‘›QÕˆÁÃ[˝ %‹ôˆ\«ˆ¤N˛ c˜cÕ„_ %◊Tˆ ]W˝«Ã[˝ c˜Ã^* [˝_Á c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜, ◊^◊X ^Tˆ ]W˝«Ã[˝
a∂ëˆµ˘ Y«Ã[˝”„bÁw¯„]Ã[˝ a◊c˜Tˆ ÿöˆÁYX Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝X, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ aFÓ\ˆÁ[˝ TˆTˆ Y“ÿˆè«ı◊ªRÙOTˆ
c˜Ã^ A[˝e TˆTˆ G›„TˆÁN˛ p˚Á„XÃ[˝ YÁy±ºˆ _Á\ˆ c˜Ã^*
E ıb’aFÁ %#«¤X ]c˜Á\ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝ Y“W˝ÁX Eı∂ˆÇfi, G›TˆÁÃ^ Eı∂ˆÇÔ„^ÁG◊`l˘Á Y“W˝ÁX
◊`l˘Á* p˚ÁX, \ˆ◊N˛, Eı∂ˆÇÔ AcÕ ◊TˆX ]ÁGÔ YÃ[˝&Ã[˝ ◊[˝„Ã[˝ÁW˝› X„c˜, Eı∂ˆÇÔ]Á„GÔ p˚ÁX-
Y“[˝◊wÔ¯Tˆ Eı„∂ˆÇÔ \ˆ◊N˛_ç˘ `◊N˛ Y“„Ã^ÁG Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á \ˆG[˝V«„Å„`Ó TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝cÕ a◊c˜Tˆ ^«N˛
c˜cÕÃ^Á TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝cÕ %Á◊VrÙ Eı∂ˆÇÔ EıÃ[˝Á G›„TˆÁN˛ ◊`l˘Á* ^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á aeaÁ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ V«f„F \ˆ›Tˆ,
È[˝Ã[˝ÁGÓY›◊QÕˆTˆ, \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ _›_ÁÃ^ LÁTˆ◊[˝T ˆb’, _›_Á Y◊Ã[˝TˆÓÁG Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á %X„‹ôˆÃ[˝
Ây‘Á‰QÕˆ _«hıÁcÕÃ^Á UÁ◊Eı„Tˆ cÕ¨K«˜Eı, TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ ]ÁGÔ ÿëˆTˆ‹óˆ* [˝›Ã[˝‰`“úˆ ]c˜ÁW˝X«à˘¤Ã[˝
%#«¤„XÃ[˝ ÂacÕÃ[˝÷Y ÂEıÁXC cÕ¨K˜Á [˝Á \ˆÁ[˝ ◊ªK˜_ XÁ* `“›E ıb’ ÂEıÁX `Á‹ôˆ a~ÓÁa›
[˝Á VÁ`Ô◊XEı p˚ÁX›Ã[˝ ◊XEıªRÙO AcÕ =w¯] Ã[˝cãÓ Y“EıÁ` Eı„Ã[˝X XÁcÕ, ÂEıÁX %◊c˜eaÁ-
YÃ[˝ÁÃ^S [˝–Á°˘S„Eı AcÕ ◊`l˘ÁÃ[˝ YÁy [˝◊_Ã^Á [˝Ã[˝S Eı„Ã[˝X XÁcÕ, ]c˜ÁYÃ[˝Áy‘]› ÂTˆLÿëˆ›
l˘◊≈yÃ^ Â^Áà˘Á AcÕ %T«ˆ_X›Ã^ p˚ÁX_Á„\ˆÃ[˝ =Y^«N˛ %ÁW˝ÁÃ[˝ [˝◊_Ã^Á ◊XSfiTˆ
c˜cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜„_X* ◊^◊X aeaÁÃ[˝^«„à˘ LÃ^ [˝Á YÃ[˝ÁL„Ã^ %◊[˝ªJÙ◊_Tˆ, ◊Tˆ◊XcÕ AcÕ ◊`l˘ÁÃ[˝
G…ªRÕÙTˆ] ÿôˆ„Ã[˝ Y“„[˝` Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ a]UÔ* XÁÃ^]Á±¡Á [˝_c˜›„XX _\ˆÓf* ◊^◊X ]«]«l«˘±ºˆ
%„Yl˘Á \ˆG[˝ÁX-_Á„\ˆ[Ã ˝ %ÁEıÁIl˘Á ÂYÁbS Eı„[Ã ˝X ◊Tˆ◊XcÕ \ˆG[˝d-aÁ◊~„W˝Ó[Ã ˝ %ÁÿëˆÁV
YÁcÕÃ^Á %ÁYXÁ„Eı ◊XTˆÓ]«N˛-ÿëˆ\ˆÁ[˝[˝ÁX [˝◊_Ã^Á =Y_◊ç˘ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ A[˝e ]«]«l«˘±ºˆ
%p˚Á„XÃ[˝ Â`b %Á`“Ã^ [˝«◊MıÃ^Á [˝#¤X Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ al˘]* ◊^◊X TˆÁ]◊aEı C Ã[˝ÁL◊aEı
%c˜·¯ÁÃ[˝ [˝#¤X Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á aÁ◊√º¯Eı %c˜·¯Á„Ã[˝ [˝à˘ UÁ◊Eı„Tˆ ªJÙÁ„c˜X XÁ, ◊Tˆ◊XcÕ mSÁTˆ›Tˆ
c˜cÕ„Tˆ al˘]* %#«¤X l˘◊≈yÃ^W˝∂ˆÇÔ YÁ_„X Ã[˝ÁL◊aEı [˝ ◊w¯ ªJÙ◊Ã[˝TˆÁUÔ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X,
%UªJÙ aÁ◊√º¯Eı %ÁV`Ô G–c˜„S Ã[˝Lf`◊N˛„Eı a√º¯]«F› Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X* ÂacÕÃ[˝÷Y YÁy
G›„TˆÁN˛ ◊`l˘ÁÃ[˝ =w¯] %ÁW˝ÁÃ[˝*

%#«¤X a]aÁ]◊ÃÊı ]c˜ÁY«Ã[˝”b◊V„GÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó Ê`“úˆ ◊ªK˜„_X XÁ* %ÁW˝ÓÁ◊±¡Eı
p˚Á„X [˝ÓÁa„V[˝ Ê`“úˆ, ÂacÕ ^«„GÃ[˝ a[[˝Ô◊[˝W˝ aÁeaÁ◊Ã[˝Eı p˚Á„X ◊YTˆÁ]c˜ \ˆ›πÇ Ê`“úˆ,
p˚ÁXT ˆb’ÁÃ^ Ã[˝ÁLÁ W˝ TˆÃ[˝Ár—Ù C ◊[˝V«Ã[˝ Ê`“úˆ, aÁW˝«TˆÁÃ^ C aÁ◊√º¯Eı m„S W˝∂ˆÇÔY«y
^«◊W˝◊úˆÃ[˝ Ê`“úˆ, \ˆ◊N˛„Tˆ =à˘[˝ C %y…‘Ã[˝ Ê`“úˆ, ÿëˆ\ˆÁ[˝GTˆ Â`Ï„^ÔÓ C YÃ[˝Áy‘„] ÂLÓúˆ
}ÁTˆÁ ]c˜ÁÃ[˝U› EıSÔ Ê`“úˆ* %UªJÙ %#«¤X„EıcÕ LGdY“\«ˆ [˝Ã[˝S Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜„_X,
TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝cÕ c˜‰ÿôˆ %ªJÙ_Á LÃ^`“› A[˝e GÁâ¯›[˝ Y“\ ˆ◊Tˆ ◊V[˝Ó %ÿóˆ a]YÔS Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝
•ÁÃ[˝Á \ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝ ac˜ÿÉˆ ac˜ÿÉˆ LG◊•FÓÁTˆ Â^Áà˘Á„Eı ◊XYÁTˆ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ^«◊W˝◊úˆ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ %aY±Ûˆ
aÁ∂ÉˆÁLÓ %#«¤„XÃ[˝ YÃ[˝Áy‘]_ç˘ VÁXÃ[˝÷„Y aeÿöˆÁYX Eı◊Ã[˝„_X; =YÃ[˝‹ô«ˆ TgˆÁc˜Á„EıcÕ
G›„TˆÁN˛ YÃ[˝] p˚Á„XÃ[˝ AEı]Áy =Y^«N˛ YÁy [˝◊_Ã^Á ◊XSfiTˆ Eı◊Ã[˝„_X* %#«¤XcÕ
]c˜Á\ˆÁ[Ã ˝„Tˆ[Ã ˝ XÁÃÊı C Y“W˝ÁX Eı∂ˆÇfi, ÂacÕ EıÁ„[˝Ó[Ã ˝ Y“„TˆÓEı %e` TgˆÁc˜Á[Ã ˝cÕ ^„`ÁEı›◊wÔ¯
ÂHÁbSÁ Eı„Ã[˝* c˜cO ˜Á Y«[Ã ˝”„bÁw¯] [˝Á ]c˜Á\ˆÁ[Ã ˝Tˆ-[Ã ˝Jª Ù◊^Ã TˆÁ [˝ÓÁa„V„[˝[Ã ˝ %XÓÁÃ^ Yl˘YÁTˆ
X„c˜* AcÕ =dEıbÔ a+…SÔ `“à˘Á C %Á±¡a]YÔ„SÃ[˝ Zı_* ◊^◊X Y«Ã[˝”„bÁw¯„]Ã[˝
=YÃ[˝ a+…SÔ `“à˘Á C ◊X\ˆ¤Ã[˝Y…[[˝ÔEı ÂEıÁXC VÁ[˝› XÁ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ÿëˆ›Ã^ £\ˆ C %£\ˆ,
]Ü_ C %]Ü_, YÁY C Y«„SÓÃ[˝ a]ÿôˆ \ˆÁÃ[˝ TgˆÁc˜Á„Eı a]YÔS Eı„Ã[˝X, ◊XL
◊Y“ÃÊı„∂ˆÇÔ %ÁaN˛ XÁ c˜cÕÃ^Á TˆVÁ◊VrÙ Eı∂ˆÇÔ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ cÕ¨K«˜Eı c˜„Ã^X, ◊XL ◊Y“Ã^[˝ ◊w¯
ªJÙ◊Ã[˝TˆÁUÔ XÁ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á Tˆd‰Y“◊Ã[˝Tˆ [˝ ◊w¯ G–c˜S Eı„Ã[˝X, ◊XL Y“è◊aTˆ mS aÁG–„c˜
%Á◊_ÜX XÁ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á TˆÅw¯ mS C ÊY“Ã[˝SÁ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝cÕ EıÁ„^ÔÓ Y“^«N˛ Eı„Ã[˝X; ÂacÕ
`“à˘Á[˝ÁX %c˜·¯ÁÃ[˝Ã[˝◊c˜Tˆ Eı∂ˆÇÔ„^ÁG› Y«Ã[˝”„bÁw¯„]Ã[˝ ◊Y“Ã^Tˆ] aFÁ C `◊N˛Ã[˝ =w¯]
%ÁW˝ÁÃ[˝, TgˆÁc˜Á •ÁÃ[˝Á LG„TˆÃ[˝ ◊[˝Ã[˝ÁªRÙO EıÁ^ÔÓ ◊X„Å¤ÁbÃ[˝÷„Y a+~ c˜Ã^* cÕa_Á]-
Y“„STˆÁ ]«c˜∂ˆÇV AcÕÃ[˝÷Y Â^ÁG›‰`“úˆ ◊ªK˜„_X* %#«¤XC ÂacÕÃ[˝÷Y %Á±¡a]YÔS
Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ a[[˝ÔVÁ a‰ªJÙrÙ ◊ªK˜„_X; ÂacÕ ÊªJÙrÙÁ `“›E ı„b’Ã[˝ Y“a~TˆÁ C \ˆÁ_[˝ÁaÁÃ[˝ EıÁÃ[˝S*
◊^◊X a+…SÔ %Á±¡a]YÔ„SÃ[˝ V ªRÕÙ‰ªJÙrÙÁ Eı„Ã[˝X, ◊Tˆ◊XcÕ G›„TˆÁN˛ ◊`l˘ÁÃ[˝ =w¯]
%◊W˝EıÁÃ[˝›* `“›E ıb’ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ mÃ[˝” C aFÁ c˜cÕÃ^Á TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ cÕc˜„_Á„EıÃ[˝ C YÃ[˝„_Á„EıÃ[˝
a]ÿôˆ \ˆÁÃ[˝ G–c˜S Eı„Ã[˝X*
%[˝ÿöˆÁ
]X«„bÓÃ[˝ Y“„TˆÓEı EıÁ^ÔÓ C =◊N˛Ã[˝ =„Å`Ó C EıÁÃ[˝S a+…SÔÃ[˝÷„Y [˝«◊Mı„Tˆ
c˜cÕ„_ ◊Eı %[˝ÿöˆÁÃ^ ÂacÕ EıÁ^ÔÓ [˝Á ÂacÕ =◊N˛ E ıTˆ [˝Á [˝ÓN˛ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜, TˆÁc˜Á LÁXÁ
%Á[˝`ÓEı* E«ıÃ[˝”„l˘y ]c˜Á^«„à˘Ã[˝ Y“ÁÃ[˝êÊıÁ„_ ^FX `ÿóˆ Y“„Ã^ÁG %ÁÃ[˝êˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜

--- Y“[˝ „w¯ `ÿóâ+Á„Tˆ --- ÂacÕ a]„Ã^ \ˆG[˝ÁX G›TˆÁ Y“EıÁ` Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X*
cÕc˜Á„Tˆ %„X„Eı ◊[˝◊ÿˆÇTˆ C ◊[˝Ã[˝N˛ c˜X, [˝„_X cÕc˜Á ◊X∏JÙÃ^ Eı◊[˝Ã[˝ %aÁ[˝W˝ÁXTˆÁ
[˝Á [˝«◊à˘Ã[˝ ÂVÁb* Y“E ıTˆY„l˘ ÂacÕ a]„Ã^ ÂacÕ ÿöˆÁ„X ÂacÕÃ[˝÷Y \ˆÁ[˝ÁY~ YÁy„Eı
ÂVÈıÁ_YÁy [˝«◊MıÃ^Á `“›E ıb’ G›„TˆÁN˛ p˚ÁX Y“EıÁ` Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X*
a]Ã^ ^«„à˘Ã[˝ Y“ÁÃ[˝êÊıÁ_* ^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á Y“[˝_ Eı∂ˆÇÔ‰ÿÉˆÁ„Tˆ ◊XL [˝›Ã[˝±ºˆ C `◊N˛
◊[˝EıÁ` C YÃ[˝›l˘Á Eı„Ã[˝X XÁcÕ, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á EıFXC G›„TˆÁN˛ p˚Á„XÃ[˝ %◊W˝EıÁÃ[˝› c˜cÕ„Tˆ
YÁ„Ã[˝X XÁ* =YÃ[˝‹ô«ˆ ^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á ÂEıÁX Eı◊PˆX ]c˜Á[˝–Tˆ %ÁÃ[˝êˆ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X, Â^ ]c˜Á[˝–„Tˆ
%„XEı [˝ÁW˝Á◊[˝H¬, %„XEı `y”[˝ ◊à˘, %„XEı YÃ[˝ÁL„Ã^Ã[˝ %Á`·¯Á ÿëˆ\ˆÁ[˝TˆfcÕ c˜Ã^,
ÂacÕ ]c˜Á[˝„– Tˆ[Ã ˝ %ÁªJÙ[Ã ˝„S ^FX ◊V[˝Ó`◊N˛ L◊XΩÃ^Á‰ªK˜, TˆFX [˝„– Tˆ[Ã ˝ Â`b =VÀ^ÁYXÁ„UÔ,
\ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ EıÁ^ÔÓ◊aà˘ÓUÔ AcÕ p˚ÁX Y“EıÁ` c˜Ã^* G›TˆÁ Eı∂ˆÇÔ„^ÁG„Eı \ˆG[˝ÁX_Á„\ˆÃ[˝
Y“◊TˆúˆÁ ◊[˝◊c˜Tˆ Eı„Ã[˝, `“à˘Á C \ˆ◊N˛Y…SÔ Eı„∂ˆÇÔ„TˆcÕ p˚ÁX LXΩÁÃ^, %TÂ[˝ G›„TˆÁN˛
]Á„GÔÃ[˝ Y◊UEı YUTˆÓÁG Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á V…Ã[˝ÿöˆ `Á◊‹ôˆ]Ã^ %Á`“„] Y[[˝Ô„Tˆ [˝Á ◊X#¤X ÿöˆÁ„X
\ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ aÁl˘Ád_Á\ˆ Eı„Ã[˝X XÁ, ]W˝ÓY„UcÕ Eı„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ ÂEıÁ_Ác˜„_Ã[˝ ]„W˝Ó c˜PˆÁd
ÂacÕ ÿëˆGfiÃ^ V›◊ä LGd %Á„_Á◊EıTˆ Eı„Ã[˝, ÂacÕ ]W˝«Ã[˝ ÂTˆ„LÁ]Ã^› [˝ÁS› EıSÔE«ıc˜„Ã[˝
Y“„[˝` Eı„Ã[˝*
ÿöˆÁX ^«à˘„l˘y, ÈaXÓ•„Ã^Ã[˝ ]W˝Óÿöˆ_, ÂaFÁ„X `ÿóˆYÁTˆ c˜cÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜* ^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á AcÕ
Y„U Y◊UEı, AcÕÃ[˝÷Y Eı„∂ˆÇÔ %G–S›, Y“ÁÃ^cÕ ÂEıÁXC mÃ[˝”TˆÃ[˝ Zı„_ÁdYÁVEı a]„Ã^,
^FX Eı∂ˆÇfiÃ[˝ Eı∂ˆÇÔÁX«aÁ„Ã[˝ %V ‰rÙÃ[˝ G◊Tˆ A◊VEı XÁ C◊VEı ªJÙÁ◊_Tˆ c˜cÕ„[˝, TˆFXcÕ
%EıÿˆÇÁd TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ Â^ÁG◊a◊à˘ C YÃ[˝]p˚ÁX_Á\ˆ c˜Ã^* TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ p˚ÁX Eı∂ˆÇÔ„Ã[˝ÁW˝Eı
XÃ^, Eı„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ a◊c˜Tˆ ae◊`¿rÙ* cÕc˜ÁC aTˆÓ Â^ W˝ÓÁ„X, ◊X#¤„X, ÿëˆÿöˆ %Á±¡ÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó
p˚Á„XÁXΩ›_X c˜^Ã , Âac˜L O XÓ ]X›◊bGS ◊X#¤„X UÁ◊Eı„Tˆ \ˆÁ_[˝Á„aX* ◊Eı‹ˆ«ô G›„TˆÁN˛
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a]Ã^„l˘Y c˜cÕ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ XÁ*
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Eı∂ˆÇÔcÕ %p˚ÁXa rÙ, %p˚ÁX [˝#¤X EıÃ[˝, Eı∂ˆÇÔ [˝#¤X EıÃ[˝, `Á‹ôˆ ◊X◊πy‘Ã^ c˜C*
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ÂEıX, AcÕ aeaÁÃ[˝ ÂEıX? \ˆG[˝ÁX ^◊V UÁ„EıX, ÂEıX %[[˝ÔÁªJÙ›X [˝Á_„EıÃ[˝ XÓÁÃ^
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LGd ]ÁÃ^ÁcÕ c˜Ã^, AcÕ %Á±¡ÁcÕ [˝Á ÂEıX AcÕ LHXÓ ÿëˆY¬ ◊XL ◊X∂ˆÇÔ_ %◊ÿôˆ„±ºˆ
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%µ˘`◊N˛Ã[˝ %µ˘ ◊y‘Ã^Á ]Áy* TˆÁc˜ÁcÕ [˝Á ◊EıÃ[˝÷Y EıUÁ? `◊N˛ EıÁc˜ÁÃ[˝? ÂEıÁUÁ
c˜cÕ„Tˆ a rÙ c˜cÕ_, ÂEıXcÕ [˝Á %µ˘ C =XΩw¯? AcÕ aEı_ Y“‰`¬Ã[˝ a„‹ôˆÁbLXEı
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XÁ◊ÿôÊı, XÁ È[˝p˚Á◊XEı; aEı„_cÕ AcÕ ◊[˝b„Ã^ ◊XÃ[˝”w¯Ã[˝ %UªJÙ a]aÓÁ AQÕˆÁcÕÃ^Á
ZgıÁ◊Eı ◊V„Tˆ a‰ªJÙrÙ* AEı =Y◊XbV C TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ %X«E…ı_ G›TˆÁ AcÕÃ[˝÷Y ZgıÁ◊Eı ◊V„Tˆ
%◊X¨K«˜Eı* ÂacÕLXÓ E«ıÃ[˝”„l˘‰yÃ[˝ ^«„à˘ G›TˆÁ G›Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜* ÂHÁÃ[˝ aÁeaÁ◊Ã[˝Eı
Eı∂ˆÇ,Ô mÃ[˝”c˜TˆÓÁ, }ÁT ˆ-c˜TˆÓÁ, %Á±¡›Ã^c˜TˆÓÁ TˆÁc˜Á[Ã ˝ =„Å`Ó, ÂacÕ %^«Tˆ Y“ÁS›aec˜Á[Ã ˝Eı
^«„à˘Ã[˝ Y“ÁÃ[˝„êˆ, %#«¤X c˜Tˆ[˝«◊à˘ c˜cÕÃ^Á GÁâ¯›[˝ c˜ÿôˆ c˜cÕ„Tˆ ◊X„l˘Y Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X,
EıÁTˆÃ[˝ÿëˆ„Ã[˝ [˝◊_„Tˆ‰ªK˜X ----
Tˆd ◊Eıe Eı∂ˆÇÔ◊S ÂHÁ„Ã[˝ ]Áe ◊X„Ã^ÁLÃ^◊a ÂEı`[˝*
""ÂEıX %Á]Á„Eı AcÕ ÂHÁÃ[˝ Eı„∂ˆÇÔ ◊X^«N˛ Eı◊Ã[˝„TˆªK˜?'' =w¯„Ã[˝ ÂacÕ ^«„à˘Ã[˝
ÂEıÁ_Ác˜„_Ã[˝ ]„W˝Ó [˝qGêˆ›Ã[˝ ÿëˆ„Ã[˝ \ˆG[˝d-]«F◊Xfa Tˆ ]c˜ÁG›◊Tˆ =◊PˆÃ^Á‰ªK˜* ---
E«ıÃ[˝” EıÍ∂ˆÇÔ[˝ TˆÿˆÇÁd ±ºê Y…Í[[˝Ôf Y…[[˝ÔTˆÃ[˝e E ıTˆ]À*
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Â^ÁGÿöˆf E«ıÃ[˝” Eı∂ˆÇÔÁ◊S aÜe TˆÓNù˛Á W˝XtÃ^*

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[˝«◊à˘^«„N˛Á Lc˜ÁTˆ›c˜ =„\ˆ a«E ıTˆV«õ ı„Tˆ*

TˆÿˆÇÁVÀ Â^ÁGÁÃ^ ^«LÓÿëˆ Â^ÁGf Eı∂ˆÇÔa« ÂEıÏ`_]À**
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]◊Ã^ a[[˝ÔÁ◊S Eı∂ˆÇÔÁ◊S aeXÓaÓÁW˝ÓÁ±¡‰ªJÙTâÁ*

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◊XÃ[˝Á`›◊XÔ∂ˆÇÔ„]Á \…ˆ±ºˆÁ ^«W˝Óÿëˆ ◊[˝GTˆLùÃ[˝f**

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GTâÜaÓ ]«N˛aÓ p˚ÁXÁ[˝◊ÿöˆTˆ‰ªJÙTâf*

^p˚ÁÃ^ÁªJÙÃ[˝Tˆf Eı∂ˆÇÔ a]G–e Y“◊[˝_›Ã^„Tˆ**
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Â\ˆÁN˛ÁÃ[˝e ^p˚TˆYaÁe a[[˝Ô„_ÁEı]„c˜`üÃ[˝]À*

a«c˜÷Ve a[[˝Ô\…ˆTˆÁXÁe p˚Á±ºˆÁ ]Áe `Á◊‹ôˆ] ¨K˜◊Tˆ**
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]Ã^Á c˜TˆÁeÿôˆùe L◊c˜ ]Á [˝Ó◊UúˆÁ*

^«W˝Óÿëˆ ÂLTˆÁ◊a Ã[˝„S aY±ÛˆÁXÀ**
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âÓ XÁc˜eE ı„TˆÁ \ˆÁ„[˝Á [˝«◊à˘^ÔaÓ X ◊_YÓ„Tˆ*

c˜±ºˆÁ◊Y a cÕ]gÁ‰{ÁEıÁXÀ X c˜◊‹ôˆ X ◊X[˝W˝Ó„Tˆ**
""%TÂ[˝ T«ˆ◊] Eı∂ˆÇÔcÕ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á UÁEı, ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ Y…[[˝ÔY«Ã[˝”bGS Y…„[[˝Ô Â^ Eı∂ˆÇÔ
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...]ÁX«b ^◊V %XÁaN˛\ˆÁ„[˝ Eı∂ˆÇÔ Eı„Ã[˝X, ◊Tˆ◊X ◊X∏JÙÃ^ YÃ[˝] \ˆG[˝ÁX„Eı _Á\ˆ
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EıÁ]XÁ Y◊Ã[˝TˆÓÁ„G, %c˜·¯ÁÃ[˝ Y◊Ã[˝TˆÓÁ„G V«fFÃ[˝◊c˜Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á ^«„à˘ _ÁG* ...◊^◊X ]«N˛,
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TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ aEı_ Eı∂ˆÇÔ [˝µ˘„XÃ[˝ EıÁÃ[˝S XÁ c˜cÕÃ^Á TˆFXcÕ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó a+…SÔÃ[˝÷„Y
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a«F V«fF, YÁY Y«SÓ cÕTˆÓÁ◊V •≥• a ◊rÙ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á Â]Á„c˜ Y◊TˆTˆ c˜Ã^* ...%Á]Á„Eı
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[˝W˝ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜, T«ˆ◊] ^‹óˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á TˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ aec˜ÁÃ[˝ EıÃ[˝, V«f◊FTˆ c˜cÕC XÁ, ^«„à˘
_Á◊GÃ^Á ^ÁC, ◊[˝Yl˘„Eı Ã[˝„S LÃ^ Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝* ...^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ %‹ôˆfEıÃ[˝S %c˜ep˚ÁX`…XÓ,
^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ [˝«◊à˘ ◊X◊_Ôä, ◊Tˆ◊X ^◊V a]ÿôˆ LGd„Eı aec˜ÁÃ[˝ Eı„Ã[˝X, TÛÁ◊Y ◊Tˆ◊X c˜TˆÓÁ
Eı„Ã[˝X XÁcÕ, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ YÁYÃ[˝÷Y ÂEıÁX [˝µ˘X c˜Ã^ XÁ*''

Y“`¬ AQÕˆÁcÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝, ZgıÁ≈◊Eı ◊V[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÂEıÁX _l˘S XÁcÕ* Y“`¬ªRÙO› Y◊Ã[˝õıÁÃ[˝\ˆÁ„[˝ =xÁYX
EıÃ[˝Á c˜cÕ_* \ˆG[˝ÁX ◊Eı, LGd ◊Eı, aeaÁÃ[˝ ◊Eı, W˝∂ˆÇÔYU ◊Eı, G›TˆÁÃ^ AcÕ aEı_
Y“‰`¬Ã[˝ =w¯Ã[˝ ae„l˘„Y ÂVCÃ^Á c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜* %UªJÙ a~ÓÁa◊`l˘Á XÃ^, Eı∂ˆÇÔ◊`l˘ÁcÕ
G›TˆÁÃ[˝ =„Å`Ó* cÕc˜Á„TˆcÕ G›TˆÁÃ[˝ aÁ[[˝ÔLX›X =Y„^Á◊GTˆÁ*
Y“U] %W˝ÓÁÃ^
W˝ TˆÃ[˝Ár—Ù =[˝ÁªJÙ
W˝∂ˆÇÔ„l˘‰y E«ıÃ[˝”„l˘‰y a]„[˝TˆÁ ^«^«da[˝f*
]Á]EıÁf YÁâ¯[˝ÁÎ∏JÙ[˝ ◊Eı]E«ı[[˝ÔTˆ atÃ^**1**
W˝ TˆÃ[˝Ár—Ù [˝◊_„_X, ---
Âc˜ atÃ^, W˝∂ˆÇ„Ô l˘y E«ı[Ã ˝”„l˘‰y ^«à˘Á„UÔ a]„[˝Tˆ c˜c˜^ÃO Á %Á]ÁÃ[˝ Yl˘ C YÁâ¯[˝Yl˘
◊Eı Eı◊Ã[˝„_X*
atÃ^ =[˝ÁªJÙ
V rùÙÁ T«ˆ YÁâ¯[˝ÁX›Eıe [˝…ÓªRÕÙe V«„^ÔÁW˝XÿôˆVÁ*
%ÁªJÙÁ^ÔÓ]«YaÜ]Ó Ã[˝ÁLÁ [˝ªJÙX][˝–[˝›d**2**
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TˆFX Ã[˝ÁLÁ V«„^ÔÁW˝X Ã[˝◊ªJÙTˆ[˝…Óc˜ YÁâ¯[˝-%X›◊EıX› ÂV◊FÃ^Á %ÁªJÙÁ„^ÔÓÃ[˝ ◊XEıªRÙO
=Y◊ÿöˆTˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á AcÕ EıUÁ [˝◊_„_X*
YÍ`ÓTˆÁe YÁâ«¯Y«yÁSÁ]ÁªJÙÁ^ÔÓ ]c˜Tˆ›e ªJÙ]…]À*
[˝…ÓªRÕÙÁe V–”YVY«‰yS Tˆ[˝ ◊`„bÓS W˝›]TˆÁ**3**
""ÂVF«X, %ÁªJÙÁ^ÔÓ, %ÁYXÁÃ[˝ Â]W˝Á[˝› ◊`bÓ V–”YVTˆXÃ^ W˝ rÙV«Ó∂oˆ •ÁÃ[˝Á Ã[˝◊ªJÙTˆ[˝…Óc˜
AcÕ ]c˜Tˆ› YÁâ¯[˝„aXÁ ÂVF«X*''
%y `…Ã[˝Á ]„c˜bùÁaÁ \ˆ›]Á#«¤Xa]Á ^«◊W˝*
^«^«W˝Á„XÁ ◊[˝Ã[˝ÁªRÙO∏JÙ V–”YV∏JÙ ]c˜ÁÃ[˝Uf**4**
W˝ rÙ„EıT«ˆ‰∏JÙ◊EıTˆÁXf EıÁ◊`Ã[˝ÁL∏JÙ [˝›^ÔÓ[˝ÁXÀ*

Y«Ã[˝”◊Ld E«ı◊‹ôˆ„\ˆÁL∏JÙ È`[˝Ó∏JÙ XÃ[˝Y«Ü[˝f**5**
^«W˝Á]X«Ó∏JÙ ◊[˝y‘Á‹ôˆ =w¯„]ÏLÁ∏JÙ [˝›^ÔÓ[˝ÁXÀ*
ÂaÏ\ˆ‰V–Á ÊV–ÏY„VÃ^Á∏JÙ a[[˝Ô A[˝ ]c˜ÁÃ[˝UÁf**6**
AcÕ ◊[˝Ã[˝ÁªRÙO Èa„XÓ \ˆ›] C %#«¤„XÃ[˝ a]ÁX ]c˜ÁW˝X«à˘¤Ã[˝ [˝›Ã[˝Y«Ã[˝”b %Á‰ªK˜X,
--- ^«^«W˝ÁX, ◊[˝Ã[˝ÁªRÙO C ]c˜ÁÃ[˝U› V–”YV,
W˝r Ù„EıT«ˆ, ÊªJÙ◊EıTˆÁX C ]c˜ÁY“TˆÁY› EıÁ◊`Ã[˝ÁL, Y«[Ã ˝”◊Ld, E«ı◊‹ôˆ„\ˆÁL C XÃ[˝YÜ« [˝
È`[˝Ó,
◊[˝y‘]`Á_› ^«W˝Á]X«Ó C Y“TˆÁY[˝ÁX =w¯„]ÏLÁ, a«\ˆVÁ– TˆX^Ã %◊\ˆ]X«Ó C ÊV–ÏYV›Ã[˝
Y«yGS, aEı„_cÕ ]c˜Á„^Áà˘Á*
%ÿˆÇÁEıe T«ˆ ◊[˝◊`rÙÁ Â^ TˆÁ◊~„[˝ÁW˝ ◊•„LÁw¯]*
XÁÃÊıÁ ]] ÈaXÓaÓ aep˚ÁUÔe TˆÁXÀ [˝–[˝›◊] ÂTˆ**7**
%Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó ^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á %aÁW˝ÁÃ[˝S `◊N˛a+~, ^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á %Á]ÁÃ[˝ Èa„XÓÃ[˝ ÂXTˆÁ,
TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ XÁ] %ÁYXÁÃ[˝ ÿˆÇÃ[˝SÁUÔ [˝◊_„Tˆ◊ªK˜, _l˘Ó EıÃ[˝”X*
\ˆ[˝ÁXÀ \ˆ›πÇ∏JÙ EıSÔ∏JÙ E ıY∏JÙ a◊]◊TˆtÃ^f*
%`üxÁ]Á ◊[˝EıSÔ∏JÙ ÂaÏ]V◊w¯L¤Ã^V–Uf**ª8**
%„XÓ ªJÙ [˝c˜[˝f `…Ã[˝Á ]V„UÔ TˆÓN˛L›◊[˝TˆÁf*
XÁXÁ`ÿóˆY“c˜Ã[˝SÁf a„[[˝Ô ^«à˘◊[˝`ÁÃ[˝VÁf**9**
%ÁY◊X, \ˆ›πÇ, EıSÔ C a]Ã[˝◊[˝LÃ^› E ıY, %`üxÁ]Á, ◊[˝EıSÔ, ÂaÁ]Vw¯TˆXÃ^
\…ˆ◊Ã[˝`“[˝Á A[˝e LÃ^V–U,
A[˝e %XÓ %„XEı [˝›Ã[˝Y«Ã[˝”b %Á]ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ Y“Á„SÃ[˝ ]]TˆÁ TˆÓÁG Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X,
cÕc˜ÁÃ[˝Á aEı„_cÕ ^«à˘◊[˝`ÁÃ[˝V C XÁXÁ◊[˝W˝ %ÿóˆ`‰ÿóˆ a◊#Tˆ*
%Y^ÔÓÁäe TˆVÿˆÇÁEıe [˝_e \ˆ›πÇÁ◊\ˆÃ[˝◊l˘Tˆ]À*
Y^ÔÓÁäe ◊≈±ºˆV„]„TˆbÁe [˝_e \ˆ›]Á◊\ˆÃ[˝◊l˘Tˆ]À**10**
%Á]Á„VÃ[˝ AcÕ ÈaXÓ[˝_ A„Eı %Y◊Ã[˝◊]Tˆ, TˆÁc˜Á„Tˆ \ˆ›πÇ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ Ã[˝l˘ÁEıwÔ¯Á,
TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ CcÕ ÈaXÓ[˝_ Y◊Ã[˝◊]Tˆ, \ˆ›]cÕ TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ Ã[˝l˘Á YÁcÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ %Á`Áÿöˆ_*
%Ã^„Xb« ªJÙ a„[[˝Ôb« ÛÁ\ˆÁG][˝◊ÿöˆTˆÁf*

\ˆ›πÇ„][˝Á◊\ˆÃ[˝l˘‹ô«ˆ \ˆ[˝‹ôˆf a[[˝Ô A[˝ ◊c˜**11**
%TÂ[˝ %ÁYXÁÃ[˝Á ^«„à˘Ã[˝ ^Tˆ Y“„[˝`ÿöˆ„_ ÿëˆ ÿëˆ ◊X◊Å¤rÙ ÈaXÓ\ˆÁ„G %[˝ÿöˆÁX
Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á aEı„_ \ˆ›πÇ„EıcÕ Ã[˝l˘Á EıÃ[˝”X*''
TâÓ aeLXÃ^XÀ c˜bÔe E«ıÃ[˝”[˝ à˘f ◊YTˆÁ]c˜f*
◊aec˜XÁVe ◊[˝X„VÓÁÎ¨JÙf `Öe VW˝À„]Ï Y“TˆÁY[˝ÁXÀ**12**
V«„^ÔÁW˝„XÃ[˝ Y“Á„S c˜„bÔÁ‰V–Eı Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á E«ıÃ[˝”[˝ à˘ ◊YTˆÁ]c˜ \ˆ›πÇ =¨JÙ ◊aec˜XÁ„V
Ã[˝Sÿöˆ_ W[˝◊XTˆ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ]c˜ÁY“TˆÁY\ˆ„Ã[˝ `Ö◊XXÁV Eı◊Ã[˝„_X*
TˆTˆf `ÖÁ∏JÙ Â\ˆ^ÔÓ∏JÙ YS[˝ÁXEı„GÁ]«FÁf*
ac˜Ía[˝Á\ˆÓc˜XÓ‹ôˆ a `åÿô«ˆ]«„_Áõ˜\ˆ[˝d**13**
TˆFX `Ö, Â\ˆÃ[˝›, YS[˝, YªRÙOc˜ C ÂGÁ]«F [˝ÁVÓ %EıÿˆÇÁd [˝Á◊VTˆ c˜cÕ_,
Ã[˝Sÿöˆ_ =¨JÙ-`åa·«¯_ c˜cÕ_*
TˆTˆf Â`üÍTˆc˜¤ÍÃ^^«Ô„N˛˛]c˜◊Tˆ aÓ≥V„X ◊ÿöˆ„TˆÏ*
]ÁW˝[˝f YÁâ¯[˝Î∏JÙ[˝ ◊V„[˝ÓÏ `„ÖÏ Y“VW˝À]T«ˆf**14**
%X‹ôˆÃ[˝ Â`üTˆÁ`ü^«N˛ ◊[˝`Á_ Ã[˝„U Vâ¯ÁÃ^]ÁX ]ÁW˝[˝ C YÁâ«¯Y«y %#«¤X ◊V[˝Ó
`Ö•Ã^ [˝ÁLÁcÕ„_X*
YÁá˚LXÓe c˜÷b›„Eı„`Á ÂV[˝Vw¯e W˝XtÃ^f*
ÂYÏâò¯e VW˝À„]Ï ]c˜Á`Öe \ˆ›]Eı∂ˆÇÔÁ [˝ „EıÁVÃ[˝f**15**
c˜÷b›„Eı` YÁá˚LXÓ, W˝XtÃ^ ÂV[˝Vw¯, \ˆ›]Eı∂ˆÇÔÁ [˝ „EıÁVÃ[˝ ÂYÏâò¯ XÁ„] ]c˜Á`Ö
[˝ÁLÁcÕ„_X*
%X‹ôˆ◊[˝LÃê Ã[˝ÁLÁ E«ı‹ôˆ›Y«‰yÁ ^«◊W˝◊úˆÃ[˝f*
XE«ı_f ac˜„V[˝∏JÙ a«„HÁb]◊SY«πY„EıÏ**16**
E«ı‹ôˆ›Y«y Ã[˝ÁLÁ ^«◊W˝◊úˆÃ[˝ %X‹ôˆ◊[˝LÃ^ `Ö A[˝e XE«ı_ ac˜„V[˝ a«„HÁb C
]◊SY«πYEı `Ö [˝ÁLÁcÕ„_X*
EıÁ`Ó∏JÙ YÃ[˝„]bùÁaf ◊`Fâ¯› ªJÙ ]c˜ÁÃ[˝Uf*

W˝ rÙV«Ó‰∂oˆÁ ◊[˝Ã[˝ÁªRÙO∏JÙ aÁTˆÓ◊Eı∏JÙÁYÃ[˝Á◊LTˆf**17**
V–”Y„VÁ ÊV–ÏY„VÃ^Á∏JÙ a[[˝Ô`f Y ◊U[˝›Y„Tˆ*
ÂaÏ\ˆV–∏JÙ ]c˜Á[˝Áßf `ÖÁXÀ VW˝À]«f Y UEÀı Y UEÀı**1ª8**
YÃ[˝] W˝Xà« ˘[Ã¤ ˝ EıÁ◊`Ã[˝ÁL, ]c˜Á[Ã ˝U› ◊`Fâ¯›, W˝r ÙVÓ« ∂oˆ, %YÃ[˝Á◊LTˆ Â^Áà˘Á aÁTˆÓ◊Eı,
V–”YV, ÊV–ÏYV›Ã[˝ Y«yGS, ]c˜Á[˝Áß a«\ˆV–ÁTˆXÃ^, aEı„_cÕ ªJÙÁ◊Ã[˝◊VEı c˜cÕ„Tˆ ÿëˆ ÿëˆ `Ö
[˝ÁLÁcÕ„_X*
a ÂHÁ„bÁ W˝ÁwÔ¯Ã[˝Ár—ÙÁSÁe c˜÷VÃ^Á◊X [˝ÓVÁÃ[˝Ã^d*
X\ˆ∏JÙ Y ◊U[˝›Íá˚[˝ T«ˆ]«„_Áõ˜\ˆÓX«XÁVÃ^]À**19**
ÂacÕ ]c˜Á`å %ÁEıÁ` C Y ◊U[˝› T«ˆ]«_Ã[˝„[˝ Y“◊TˆW[˝◊XTˆ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á W˝ÁwÔ¯Ã[˝Ár—ÙG„SÃ[˝
c˜÷VÃ^ ◊[˝V›SÔ Eı◊Ã[˝_*
%U [˝Ó[˝◊ÿöˆTˆÁXÀ V rùÙÁ W˝ÁwÔ¯Ã[˝Ár—ÙÁXÀ Eı◊YW[˝Lf*
Y“[˝ „w¯ `ÿóâ+Á„Tˆ W˝X«Ã[˝”VÓ]Ó YÁâ¯[˝f**20**
c˜÷b›„Eıè TˆVÁ [˝ÁEıÓ◊]V]Ác˜ ]c˜›Y„Tˆ*
TˆFX `ÿóˆ◊X„l˘Y %ÁÃ[˝ç˘ c˜cÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ Y„Ã[˝ YÁâ«¯Y«y %#«¤X W˝X« =„w¯Á_X Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á
c˜÷b›„Eı`„Eı AcÕ EıUÁ [˝◊_„_X*
%#«¤X =[˝ÁªJÙ
ÂaX„Ã^ÁÃ[˝”\ˆ„Ã^Á]Ô„W˝Ó Ã[˝Ue ÿöˆÁYÃ^ Â]õ˜ªJ«ÙÓTˆ**21**
^Á[˝„VTˆÁ◊~Ã[˝›„l˘õ÷c˜e Â^Áà«˘EıÁ]ÁX[˝◊ÿöˆTˆÁXÀ*
ÈEı]ÔÃ^Á ac˜ Â^Áà˘[˝Ó]◊ÿˆÇXÀ Ã[˝Sa]«VÓ„]**22**
Â^ÁdaÓ]ÁXÁX„[˝„l˘õ˜c˜e ^ A„Tˆõ˜y a]ÁGTˆÁf*
W˝ÁwÔ¯Ã[˝Ár—ÙaÓ V«[[˝«Ô„à˘^«Ô„à˘ ◊Y“Ã^◊ªJÙEı›bÔ[˝f**23**
%#¤«X [˝◊_„_X, ---
""Âc˜ ◊XπYÁY, V«cÕ Èa„XÓÃ[˝ ]W˝Óÿöˆ„_ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ [Ã ˝U ÿöˆÁYX Eı[Ã ˝, ^Tˆl˘S ^«à˘&c ˜Á^Ã
%[˝◊ÿöˆTˆ AcÕ ◊[˝Yl˘GS„Eı ◊XÃ[˝›l˘S Eı◊Ã[˝* LÁ◊X„Tˆ ªJÙÁcÕ, EıÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ a◊c˜Tˆ AcÕ
Ã[˝„SÁda„[˝ ^«à˘ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ c˜cÕ„[˝*
ÂV◊F AcÕ ^«à˘Y“ÁUfiGS EıÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á, ^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á ^«à˘„l˘‰y V«[[˝«Ô≈◊à˘ W˝ TˆÃ[˝Ár—ÙTˆXÃ^

V«„^ÔÁW˝„XÃ[˝ ◊Y“ÃÊıÁ^ÔÓ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ EıÁ]XÁÃ^ AcÕFÁ„X a]ÁGTˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜X*''
atÃ^ =[˝ÁªJÙ
A[˝]«„N˛Á c˜÷b›„Eı„`Á mQÕˆÁ„Eı„`X \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ*
ÂaX„Ã^ÁÃ[˝”\ˆ„Ã^Á]Ô„W˝Ó ÿöˆÁY◊Ã^±ºˆÁ Ã[˝„UÁw¯]]À**24**
\ˆ›πÇ‰V–ÁSY“]«FTˆf a„[[˝ÔbÁá˚ ]c˜›◊l˘TˆÁ]À*
=[˝ÁªJÙ YÁUÔ YÍ`ÓTˆÁXÀ a]„[˝TˆÁXÀ E«ıÃ[˝÷◊X◊Tˆ**25**
atÃ^ [˝◊_„_X, ---
mQÕˆÁ„Eı„`Ã[˝ AcÕ EıUÁ £◊XÃ^Á c˜÷b›„Eı` V«cÕ Èa„XÓÃ[˝ ]W˝Óÿöˆ„_ ÂacÕ =dE ırÙ
Ã[˝U ÿöˆÁYXY…[[˝ÔEı
\ˆ›πÇ, ÊV–ÁS A[˝e a]«VÁÃ^ X Y◊Tˆ[˝ „≥VÃ[˝ a∂ˆÇ«„F =Y◊ÿöˆTˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á [˝◊_„_X, ""Âc˜
YÁUÔ, a]„[˝Tˆ E«ıÃ[˝”GS„Eı ÂVF*''
TˆyÁY`Ód ◊ÿöˆTˆÁXÀ YÁUÔf ◊YT ˆXU ◊YTˆÁ]c˜ÁXÀ*
%ÁªJÙÁ^ÔÓÁXÀ ]ÁT«ˆ_ÁXÀ }ÁT ˆXÀ Y«yÁXÀ ÂYÏyÁXÀ aF›eÿôÛÁ*
`ü£Ã[˝ÁXÀ a«c˜÷VÎ∏JÙ[˝ ÂaX„Ã^ÁÃ[˝”\ˆ„Ã^ÁÃ[˝◊Y**26**
ÂacÕ Ã[˝Sÿöˆ„_ YÁUÔ ÂV◊F„_X ◊YTˆÁ, ◊YTˆÁ]c˜, %ÁªJÙÁ^ÔÓ, ]ÁT«ˆ_, }ÁTˆÁ, Y«y,
ÂYÏy, aFÁ, `ü£Ã[˝, a«c˜÷V, ^Tˆ %Á±¡›Ã^ C ÿëˆLX, V«cÕ YÃ[˝&Ã[˝◊[˝„Ã[˝ÁW˝› Èa„XÓ
Vâ¯ÁÃ^]ÁX Ã[˝◊c˜Ã^Á‰ªK˜X*
TˆÁXÀ a]›l˘Ó a ÂEıÏ„‹ôˆÃ^f a[[˝ÔÁXÀ [˝µ…˘X[˝◊ÿöˆTˆÁXÀ*
E ıYÃ^Á YÃ[˝Ã^Á◊[˝‰rÙÁ ◊[˝b›V◊~V][˝–[˝›d**27**
ÂacÕ aEı_ [˝µ«˘[˝Áµ˘[˝„Eı AcÕÃ[˝÷Y %[˝◊ÿöˆTˆ ÂV◊FÃ^Á E«ı‹ôˆ›Y«y Tˆ›[˝– E ıYÁÃ^
%Á◊[˝rÙ c˜cÕÃ^Á ◊[˝bÁVG–ÿôˆ c˜÷V„Ã^ AcÕ EıUÁ [˝◊_„_X*
%#¤«X =[˝ÁªJÙ
V ‰rùÙ]ÁXÀ ÿëˆLXÁXÀ E ıb’ ^«^«da…XÀ a][˝◊ÿöˆTˆÁXÀ*
a›V◊‹ôˆ ]] GÁyÁ◊S ]«Fá˚ Y◊Ã[˝£bÓ◊Tˆ**2ª8**
Â[˝YU«∏JÙ `Ã[˝›„Ã[˝ Â] ÂÃ[˝Á]c˜bÔ∏JÙ LÁÃ^„Tˆ*

GÁâ¯›[˝e ÿÉêa„Tˆ c˜ÿôˆÁd ±ºÊÀı ËªJÙ[˝ Y◊Ã[˝Vc˜Ó„Tˆ**29**
%#«¤X [˝◊_„_X, ---
""Âc˜ E ıb’, AcÕ aEı_ ÿëˆLX„Eı ^«à˘Á„UÔ %[˝◊ÿöˆTˆ ÂV◊FÃ^Á %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ÂV„c˜Ã[˝ %Ü
aEı_ %[˝a~ c˜cÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜, ]«F £EıÁcÕÃ^Á ^ÁcÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜,
a]ÿôˆ `Ã[˝›„Ã[˝ Eı+ C ÂÃ[˝Á]c˜bÔ =Y◊ÿöˆTˆ, GÁâ¯›[˝ %[˝` c˜ÿôˆ c˜cÕ„Tˆ F◊aÃ^Á
Y◊QÕˆ„Tˆ‰ªK˜, ªJÙ∂ˆÇÔ Â^X %◊G¬„Tˆ VÑ˘ c˜cÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜*
X ªJÙ `‰E¬ıÁ]Ó[˝ÿöˆÁT«ê }]Tˆ›[˝ ªJÙ Â] ]Xf*
◊X◊]w¯Á◊X ªJÙ Y`ÓÁ◊] ◊[˝YÃ[˝›TˆÁ◊X ÂEı`[˝**30**
%Á◊] VÒÁQÕˆÁcÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ `◊N˛Ã[˝◊c˜Tˆ c˜cÕ_Á], ]X Â^X H«◊Ã[˝„Tˆ %ÁÃ[˝êˆ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜*
Âc˜ ÂEı`[˝, %£\ˆ _l˘S aEı_ ÂV◊F„Tˆ◊ªK˜*
X ªJÙ Ê`“„Ã^Áõ˜X«Y`ÓÁ◊] c˜±ºˆÁ ÿëˆLX]Ác˜„[˝*
X EıÁ„Il˘ ◊[˝LÃê E ıb’ X ªJÙ Ã[˝ÁLÓe a«FÁ◊X ªJÙ**31**
^«„à˘ ÿëˆLX [˝W˝ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á Ê`“Ã^f ÂV◊F„Tˆ◊ªK˜ XÁ; Âc˜ E ıb’, %Á◊] LÃ^C ªJÙÁ◊c˜
XÁ, Ã[˝ÁLÓC ªJÙÁ◊c˜ XÁ, a«FC ªJÙÁ◊c˜ XÁ*
◊Eıe ÂXÁ Ã[˝Á„LÓX ÂGÁ◊[˝≥V ◊Eıe Â\ˆÁÍGLfi◊[˝„TˆX [˝Á*
Â^bÁ]„UÔ EıÁ◊Il˘Tê ÂXÁ Ã[˝ÁLÓe Â\ˆÁGÁf a«FÁ◊X ªJÙ**32**
Tˆ cÕ„]õ˜[˝◊ÿöˆTˆÁ ^«„à˘ Y“ÁSÁeÿôˆÓNù˛Á W˝XÁ◊X ªJÙ*
%ÁªJÙÁ^ÔÓÁf ◊YTˆÃ[˝f Y«yÁÿôˆÍU[˝ ªJÙ ◊YTˆÁ]c˜Áf**33**
]ÁT«ˆ_Áf `ü£Ã[˝Áf ÂYÏyÁf `ÓÁ_Áf a∂ëˆ◊W˝XÿôÛÁ*
ATˆÁ~ c˜‹ô«ˆ◊]¨K˜Á◊] H¬„TˆÁõ˜◊Y ]W˝«a…VX**34**
[˝_, ÂGÁ◊[˝≥V, Ã[˝Á„LÓ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ◊Eı _Á\ˆ? ◊Eı _Á\ˆ Â\ˆÁ„G? ◊Eı Y“„Ã^ÁLX
L›[˝„X? ^gÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ LXÓ Ã[˝ÁLÓ, Â\ˆÁG, L›[˝X [˝Ás˙X›Ã^,
TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ÁcÕ L›[˝X C W˝X TˆÓÁG Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á AcÕ Ã[˝S„l˘‰y =Y◊ÿöˆTˆ, --- %ÁªJÙÁ^ÔÓ,
◊YTˆÁ, Y«y, ◊YTˆÁ]c˜,
]ÁT«ˆ_, `ü£Ã[˝, ÂYÏy, `ÓÁ_Eı, E«ıªR«ÙO∂ëˆ* Âc˜ ]W˝«a…VX, cÕc˜ÁÃ[˝Á ^◊V %Á]Á„Eı [˝W˝
Eı„Ã[˝X, TÛÁ◊Y TgˆÁc˜Á◊VG„Eı [˝W˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ ªJÙÁcÕ XÁ*

%◊Y Ëy„_ÁEıÓÃ[˝ÁLÓaÓ Âc˜„TˆÁf ◊Eıe X« ]c˜›E ı„Tˆ*
◊Xc˜TˆÓ W˝ÁwÔ¯Ã[˝Ár—ÙÁ~f EıÁ Y“›◊Tˆf aÓÁ#XÁÅ¤X**35**
◊≈y„_ÁEı[Ã ˝Á„LÓÃ[˝ Â_Á„\ˆC Jª ÙÁcÕ XÁ, Y ◊U[˝›[Ã ˝ %Á◊W˝YTˆÓ Tˆ V…„[Ã ˝[Ã ˝ EıUÁ* W˝ÁwÔ¯[Ã ˝Ár—Ù„Eı
aec˜ÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á, Âc˜ LXÁÅ¤X! %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ◊Eı ]„XÃ[˝ a«F c˜cÕ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝?
YÁY„][˝Á`“„Ã^VÿˆÇÁXÀ c˜Í±ºˆTˆÁXÁTˆTˆÁ◊Ã^Xf*
TˆÿˆÇÁ~Ác˜¤Á [˝Ãê c˜‹ô«ê W˝ÁwÔ¯Ã[˝Ár—ÙÁXÀ a[˝Áµ˘[˝ÁXÀ*
ÿëˆLXe ◊c˜ EıUe c˜±ºˆÁ a«◊FXf aÓÁ] ]ÁW˝[˝**36**
cÕc˜ÁÃ[˝Á %ÁTˆTˆÁÃ^›, TÛÁ◊Y cÕc˜Á„VÃ[˝ [˝W˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„_ YÁYcÕ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ]„X %Á`“Ã^
YÁcÕ„[˝* %TÂ[˝ W˝ÁwÔ¯Ã[˝Ár—ÙGS ^FX %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ %Á±¡›Ã^, TˆFX TˆÁc˜Á◊VG„Eı aec˜ÁÃ[˝
Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ %Á]Ã[˝Á %◊W˝EıÁÃ[˝› X◊c˜* Âc˜ ]ÁW˝[˝, ÿëˆLX [˝„W˝ %Á]Ã[˝Á ◊EıÃ[˝÷„Y a«F›
c˜cÕ[˝?
^VÓ„YÓ„Tˆ X Y`Ó◊‹ôˆ Â_Á„\ˆÁYc˜Tˆ‰ªJÙTâf*
E«ı_l˘ÃÊ ıTê ÂVÁbe ◊]y‰V–Á„c˜ ªJÙ YÁTÊı]À**37**
EıUe X Âp˚Ã^]ÿˆÇÁ◊\ˆf YÁYÁVÿˆÇÁ◊~[˝◊wÔ¯T«ˆ]À*
E«ı_l˘ÃÊ ıTê ÂVÁbe Y“Y`Ó◊‡ˆ#¤XÁÅ¤X**3ª8**
^◊VC cÕc˜ÁÃ[˝Á Â_Á„\ˆ [˝«◊à˘}rÙ c˜cÕÃ^Á E«ı_l˘„Ã^Ã[˝ ÂVÁb C ◊]‰yÃ[˝ %◊XrÙEıÃ[˝„S
]c˜ÁYÁY [˝«„MıX XÁ,
%Á]Ã[˝Á, LXÁÅ¤X, E«ı_l˘Ã^L◊XTˆ ÂVÁb [˝«◊Mı, ÂEıX %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ p˚ÁX c˜cÕ„[˝ XÁ,
AcÕ YÁY c˜cÕ„Tˆ %Á]Ã[˝Á ÂEıX ◊X[˝ w¯ c˜cÕ[˝ XÁ?
E«ı_l˘„Ã^ Y“S`Ó◊‹ôˆ E«ı_W˝∂ˆÇÔÁf aXÁTˆXÁf*
W˝„∂ˆÇÔ X‰rÙ E«ı_e E ıdÿoˆ]W˝„∂ˆÇÔÁõ˜◊\ˆ\ˆ[˝T«ˆÓTˆ**39**
E«ı_l˘„Ã^ aXÁTˆX E«ı_W˝∂ˆÇÔ aEı_ ◊[˝XÁ`Y“Áä c˜Ã^, W˝∂ˆÇÔXÁ„` %W˝∂ˆÇÔ a]ÿôˆ
E«ı_„Eı %◊\ˆ\…ˆTˆ Eı„Ã[˝*
%W˝∂ˆÇÔÁ◊\ˆ\ˆ[˝Ád E ıb’ Y“V«bÓ◊‹ôˆ E«ı_◊ÿóˆÃ^f*
ÿóˆ›b« V«rÙÁa«[˝Á„bÔ’Ã^ LÁÃ^„Tˆ [˝SÔa·¯Ã[˝f**40**
%W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ %◊\ˆ\ˆ„[˝ Âc˜ E ıb’, E«ı_ÿóˆ›GS V«∏JÙ◊Ã[˝yÁ c˜Ã^* E«ı_ÿóˆ›GS V«∏JÙ◊Ã[˝yÁ

c˜cÕ„_ [˝SÔa·¯Ã[˝ c˜Ã^*
a·¯„Ã[˝Á XÃ[˝EıÁÍÃ^[˝ E«ı_ÁH¬ÁXÁe E«ı_aÓ ªJÙ*
YTˆ◊‹ôˆ ◊YTˆ„Ã[˝Á Âc˜ÓbÁe _«ä◊Y„â¯ÁVEı◊y‘Ã^Áf**41**
[˝SÔa·¯Ã[˝ E«ı_ C E«ı_XÁÈıG„SÃ[˝ XÃ[˝Eı Y“Á◊äÃ[˝ Âc˜T«ˆ, ÂEıXXÁ TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝
◊YT ˆY«Ã[˝”bGS ◊Y„â¯ÁVEı c˜cÕ„Tˆ [˝◊á˚Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á ◊YT ˆ„_ÁEı c˜cÕ„Tˆ Y◊TˆTˆ c˜X*
ÂVÁÍb„Ã[˝ÍTˆf E«ı_H¬ÁXÁe [˝SÔa·¯Ã[˝EıÁÃ[˝ÍEıf*
=daÁVÓ„‹ôˆ LÁ◊TˆW˝∂ˆÇÔÁf E«ı_W˝∂ˆÇÔÁ∏JÙ `Á`üTˆÁf**42**
E«ı_XÁÈı„VÃ[˝ AcÕ [˝SÔa·¯„Ã[˝ÁdYÁVEı ÂVÁb aEı„_Ã[˝ Zı„_ aXÁTˆX LÁ◊TˆW˝∂ˆÇÔ
aEı_ C E«ı_W˝∂ˆÇÔ aEı_ =da~ c˜Ã^*
=da~E«ı_W˝∂ˆÇÔÁSÁe ]X«bÓÁSÁe LXÁÅ¤X*
XÃ[˝„Eı ◊XÃ^Tê [˝Á„aÁ \ˆ[˝Tˆ›TˆÓX«£`“”]**43**
^gÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ E«ı_W˝∂ˆÇÔ =da~ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜, ÂacÕ ]X«bÓ„VÃ[˝ ◊X[˝Áa XÃ[˝„Eı ◊X◊Å¤rÙ c˜Ã^,
cÕc˜ÁcÕ Y“ÁªJÙ›XEıÁ_ c˜cÕ„Tˆ £◊XÃ^Á %Á◊a„Tˆ◊ªK˜*
%„c˜Á [˝Tˆ ]c˜d YÁYe Eıw«Ô¯e [˝Ó[˝◊aTˆÁ [˝Ã^]À*
^V–ÁLÓa«F„_Á„\ˆX c˜‹ô«ê ÿëˆLX]«VÓTˆÁf**44**
%„c˜Á! %Á]Ã[˝Á %◊Tˆ ]c˜d YÁY Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ E ıTˆ◊X∏JÙÃ^ c˜cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜_Á], Â^ Ã[˝ÁLÓ-
a«„FÃ[˝ Â_Á„\ˆ ÿëˆLX„Eı [˝W˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ =VÓ] Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ◊ªK˜_Á]*
^◊V ]Á]Y“Tˆ›EıÁÃ[˝]`ÿóê `ÿóˆYÁSÃ^f*
W˝ÁwÔ¯Ã[˝Ár—ÙÁ Ã[˝„S c˜X«Óÿôˆ„XΩ Âl˘]TˆÃ[˝e \ˆ„[˝d**45**
^◊V %`ÿóˆ C Y“◊TÊıÁ„Ã[˝ %X«„VÓÁG› %Á]Á„Eı a`ÿóˆ W˝ÁwÔ¯Ã[˝Ár—ÙGS Ã[˝„S aec˜ÁÃ[˝
Eı„Ã[˝X, TˆÁc˜ÁcÕ cÕc˜Á %„Yl˘Á %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ]Ü_*''
atÃ^ =[˝ÁªJÙ
A[˝]«Nù˛Á#«¤Xf ae„FÓ Ã[˝„UÁYÿöˆ =YÁ◊[˝`d*
◊[˝a LÓ a`Ã[˝e ªJÙÁYe Â`ÁEıae◊[˝G¬]ÁXaf**46**
atÃ^ [˝◊_„_X, ---
AcÕ [˝◊_Ã^Á %#«¤X Â`Á„EıÁ„•„G Eı_«◊bTˆ◊ªJÙw¯ c˜cÕÃ^Á ^«à˘EıÁ„_ %ÁÃ[˝÷RÕÙ`Ã[˝ W˝X«
Y◊Ã[˝TˆÓÁGY…[[˝ÔEı Ã[˝„U [˝◊aÃ^Á Y◊QÕˆ„_X*
at„Ã^Ã[˝ ◊V[˝ÓªJÙl«˘Y“Á◊ä
G›TˆÁ ]c˜Á\ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝ ]c˜Á^«„à˘Ã[˝ Y“ÁÃ[˝„êˆ =N˛ c˜Ã^* %TÂ[˝ G›TˆÁÃ[˝ Y“U] Ê`¿Á„Eı
ÂV◊F [Ã ˝ÁLÁ W˝T ˆ[Ã ˝Ár—Ù ◊V[˝ÓJª Ùl˘« YÁ“ ä at„Ã^[Ã ˝ ◊XEıRª ÙO ^«„à˘[Ã ˝ [˝ÁwÔ¯Á ◊Lp˚ÁaÁ Eı◊[Ã ˝„Tˆ‰Kª ˜X*
V«cÕ ÈaXÓ ^«à˘„l˘‰y =Y◊ÿöˆTˆ, TˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ Y“U] ÊªJÙrÙÁ ◊Eı, [˝ à˘ Ã[˝ÁLÁ TˆÁc˜Á LÁ◊X„Tˆ
=da«Eı* at„Ã^Ã[˝ ◊V[˝ÓªJÙl«˘Y“Á◊äÃ[˝ EıUÁ %ÁW˝«◊XEı \ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝ cÕeÃ[˝ÁL›-◊`l˘ÁY“Áä
◊`◊l˘Tˆ Â_Á„EıÃ[˝ ÊªJÙÁ„F Eı◊[˝Ã[˝ EıîXÁ ◊\ˆ~ %ÁÃ[˝ ◊EıªK«˜cÕ X„c˜* ^◊V [˝◊_TˆÁ] %]«Eı
Â_ÁEı V…Ã[˝V ◊rÙ (Clairvoyance) C V…Ã[˝`“[˝S (Clairaudience) Y“Áä c˜cÕÃ^Á
V…Ã[˝ÿöˆ Ã[˝S„l˘‰yÃ[˝ Â_Á]c˜bÔS V `Ó C ]c˜ÁÃ[˝U›G„SÃ[˝ ◊aec˜XÁV cÕ◊≥V–Ã^„GÁªJÙÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ
YÁ◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜„_X, TˆÁc˜Á c˜cÕ„_ Â[˝ÁW˝ c˜Ã^ EıUÁªRÙO› TˆTˆ %◊[˝`üÁa„^ÁGÓ XÁ-C c˜cÕ„Tˆ
YÁ◊Ã[˝Tˆ* %ÁÃ[˝ [˝ÓÁa„V[˝ Â^ AcÕ `◊N˛ atÃ^„Eı Y“VÁX Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜„_X, TˆÁc˜Á %ÁÃ[˝C
%ÁbÁ‰ªRÕÙ Gî [˝◊_Ã^Á =QÕˆÁcÕ„Tˆ Y“[˝ ◊w¯ c˜Ã^* ^◊V [˝◊_TˆÁ] Â^ AEıLX ◊[˝FÓÁTˆ
^Ã „« [Ã ˝ÁY›Ã^ ◊[˝p˚ÁX◊[˝VÀ %]«Eı Â_ÁEı„Eı ÿëˆYÁ¬ [˝ÿˆö ÁY“Áä (Hypnotised) Eı◊Ã[˝^Ã Á TgˆÁc˜Á[Ã ˝
]«„F ÂacÕ V…Ã[˝ HªRÙOXÁÃ[˝ EıTÊı [˝SÔXÁ %[˝GTˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜„_X, TˆÁc˜Á c˜cÕ„_cÕ ^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á
YÁ∏JÙÁTˆÓ hypnotismAÃ[˝ EıUÁ ]„XÁ„^Á„GÃ[˝ a◊c˜Tˆ Y◊QÕˆÃ^Á‰ªK˜X, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á ◊[˝`üÁa
Eı◊Ã[˝„TˆC YÁ◊Ã[˝„TˆX* %UªJÙ hypnotism Â^ÁG`◊N˛Ã[˝ ◊XE ırÙ C [˝#¤X›Ã^ %Ü
]Áy* ]ÁX«„bÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó A]X %„XEı `◊N˛ ◊X◊c˜Tˆ Ã[˝◊c˜Ã^Á‰ªK˜ Â^ Y…[[˝ÔEıÁ„_Ã[˝ a\ˆÓ
LÁ◊Tˆ ÂacÕ aEı_ LÁ◊XTˆ C ◊[˝EıÁ` Eı◊Ã[˝Tˆ; ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ Eı◊_aê…ˆTˆ %p˚Á„XÃ[˝ ÊÿÉˆÁ„Tˆ
ÂacÕ ◊[˝VÓÁ \ˆÁ◊aÃ^Á ◊GÃ^Á‰ªK˜, ÂEı[˝_ %Áe◊ÈıÃ[˝÷„Y %î Â_Á„EıÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó mä C
ÂGÁYX›Ã^ p˚ÁX [˝◊_Ã^Á Ã[˝◊l˘Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á %Á◊a„Tˆ‰ªK˜* a…©øV ◊rÙ [˝◊_Ã^Á ÿöˆ…_ cÕ◊≥V–Ã^ÁTˆ›Tˆ
a…„©ø◊≥V–Ã^ %Á‰ªK˜ ^Ác˜Á •ÁÃ[˝Á %Á]Ã[˝Á ÿöˆ…_ cÕ◊≥V–„Ã^Ã[˝ %ÁÃ^w¯ÁTˆ›Tˆ YVÁUÔ C p˚ÁX
%ÁÃ^w¯ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝, a…©ø [˝ÿô«ˆ V`ÔX, a…©ø `å `“[˝S, a…©ø Gµ˘ %ÁH–ÁS, a…©ø
YVÁUÔ &`Ô C a…©ø %Ác˜ÁÃ[˝ %ÁÿëˆÁV Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝* a…©øV ◊rÙÃ[˝ ªJÙÃ[˝] Y◊Ã[˝SÁ]„Eı
◊V[˝ÓªJÙl«˘ [˝„_, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Y“\ˆÁ„[˝ V…Ã[˝ÿöˆ, mä [˝Á %XÓ„_ÁEıGTˆ ◊[˝bÃ^ aEı_ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝
p˚ÁX„GÁªJÙ[Ã ˝ c˜^Ã * YÃ[˝] Â^ÁG`◊N˛Ã[˝ %ÁW˝Á[Ã ˝ ]c˜Á]«◊X [˝ÓÁa Â^ AcÕ ◊V[˝ÓJª Ùl˘« atÃ^„Eı
◊V„Tˆ al˘] ◊ªK˜„_X, TˆÁc˜Á %◊[˝`üÁa Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÂEıÁXC EıÁÃ[˝S ÂV◊F„Tˆ YÁcÕ XÁ*
YÁ∏JÙÁTˆÓ hypnotistAÃ[˝ %‡«ˆTˆ `◊N˛„Tˆ ^◊V %Á]Ã[˝Á %◊[˝`üÁa› c˜cÕ XÁ, Tˆ„[˝
%T«ˆ_Ó p˚ÁX› [˝ÓÁa„V„[˝Ã[˝ `◊N˛„Tˆ %◊[˝`üÁa› c˜cÕ[˝ ÂEıX? `◊N˛]Á„XÃ[˝ `◊N˛ Y„Ã[˝Ã[˝
`Ã[˝›„Ã[˝ aey‘Á◊]Tˆ c˜cÕ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ \…ˆ◊Ã[˝ \…ˆ◊Ã[˝ Y“]ÁS cÕ◊Tˆc˜Á„aÃ[˝ Y“„TˆÓEı
Y úˆÁÃ^ C ]X«bÓ-L›[˝„XÃ[˝ Y“„TˆÓEı EıÁ„^ÔÓ YÁCÃ^Á ^ÁÃ^* ÂX„YÁ◊_Ã^X, cÕ„TˆÁ Y“\ ˆ◊Tˆ
Eı∂ˆÇÔ[˝›Ã[˝ =Y^«N˛ YÁ‰y `◊N˛ aey‘]„SÃ[˝ •ÁÃ[˝Á TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ EıÁ„^ÔÓÃ[˝ ac˜EıÁÃ[˝› Y“ÿô«ˆTˆ
Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á„ªK˜X* %◊Tˆ aÁ]ÁXÓ Â^ÁG›C ÂEıÁX ◊a◊à˘ Y“Áä c˜cÕÃ^Á Eı„ÃÊıl˘„SÃ[˝ LXÓ
[˝Á ÂEıÁXC ◊[˝„`b EıÁ„^ÔÓ Y“„Ã^ÁG Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ YÃ[˝„Eı ÿëˆ›Ã^ ◊a◊à˘ Y“VÁX Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ
YÁ„Ã[˝X, --- [˝ÓÁa„V[˝ Tˆ LG„TˆÃ[˝ Ê`“úˆ ]X›b› C %aÁ]ÁXÓ Â^ÁG◊aà˘ Y«Ã[˝”b*
[˝Áÿôˆ◊[˝Eı, ◊V[˝ÓªJÙl«˘Ã[˝ %◊ÿôˆ±ºˆ %ÁbÁ‰ªRÕÙ Gî XÁ c˜cÕÃ^Á È[˝p˚Á◊XEı aTˆÓ c˜cÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ EıUÁ*
%Á]Ã[˝Á LÁ◊X, ªJÙl«˘ V`ÔX Eı„Ã[˝ XÁ, EıSÔ `“[˝S Eı„Ã[˝ XÁ, XÁ◊aEıÁ %ÁH–ÁS Eı„Ã[˝ XÁ,
±ºÊÀı &`Ô =Y_◊ç˘ Eı„Ã[˝ XÁ, Ã[˝aXÁ %ÁÿëˆÁV Eı„Ã[˝ XÁ* ]XcÕ V`ÔX Eı„Ã[˝, ]XcÕ
`“[˝S Eı„Ã[˝, ]XcÕ %ÁH–ÁS Eı„Ã[˝, ]XcÕ &`Ô =Y_◊ç˘ Eı„Ã[˝, ]XcÕ %ÁÿëˆÁV Eı„Ã[˝*
V`ÔX `Á‰ÿóˆ C ]Xÿôˆ√º¯◊[˝VÓÁÃ^ AcÕ aTˆÓ %„XEı◊VX c˜cÕ„Tˆ G c˜›Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á %Á◊aÃ^Á‰ªK˜,
hypnotismA cÕc˜Á È[˝p˚Á◊XEı Y“„Ã^ÁG •ÁÃ[˝Á YÃ[˝›◊l˘Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á Y“]Á◊STˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜,
Â^ ªJÙl«˘ ]«◊V–Tˆ c˜cÕ„_C V`Ô„X◊≥V–„Ã^Ã[˝ EıÁ^ÔÓ Â^ ÂEıÁX XÁQÕˆ› •ÁÃ[˝Á a+Á◊VTˆ c˜cÕ„Tˆ
YÁ„Ã[˝* TˆÁc˜Á„Tˆ cÕc˜ÁcÕ Y“◊TˆY~ c˜Ã^ Â^ ªJÙl«˘ cÕTˆÓÁ◊V ÿöˆ…„_◊≥V–Ã^ p˚ÁXY“Á◊äÃ[˝ ÂEı[˝_
a«◊[˝W˝ÁLXEı =YÁÃ^, ÿöˆ…_ `Ã[˝›„Ã[˝Ã[˝ aXÁTˆX %\ˆÓÁ„a [˝à˘ c˜cÕÃ^Á %Á]Ã[˝Á TˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝
VÁa c˜cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ Y“E ıTˆY„l˘ Â^ ÂEıÁX `ÁÃ[˝›◊Ã[˝Eı Y“SÁ_› •ÁÃ[˝Á ÂacÕ p˚ÁX ]„X
ÂYgÏªK˜ÁcÕ„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝ --- Â^]X %µ˘ &`Ô •ÁÃ[˝Á YVÁ„UÔÃ[˝ %ÁE ı◊TˆÃ[˝ C ÿëˆ\ˆÁ„[˝Ã[˝
◊X\«ˆ¤_ W˝ÁÃ[˝SÁ Eı„Ã[˝* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ %„µ˘Ã[˝ V ◊rÙ C ÿëˆY¬Á[˝ÿöˆÁY“Áä [˝Ó◊N˛Ã[˝ V ◊rÙ„Tˆ AcÕ Y“„\ˆV
_l˘Ó EıÃ[˝Á ^ÁÃ^ Â^ ÿëˆY¬Á[˝ÿöˆÁY“Áä [˝Ó◊N˛ YVÁ„UÔÃ[˝ Y“◊Tˆ]…◊wÔ¯ ]„XÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó ÂV„F*
cÕc˜Á„EıcÕ V`ÔX [˝„_* Y“E ıTˆY„l˘ %Á◊] a∂ˆÇ«F◊ÿöˆTˆ Y«ÿôÊı V`ÔX Eı◊Ã[˝ XÁ, ÂacÕ
Y«ÿôˆ„EıÃ[˝ Â^ Y“◊Tˆ]…◊wÔ¯ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ªJÙl«˘„Tˆ ◊ªJÙ◊≈yTˆ c˜Ã^, TˆÁc˜ÁcÕ ÂV◊FÃ^Á ]X [˝„_, Y«ÿôÊı
ÂV◊F_Á]* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ÿëˆY¬Á[˝ÿöˆÁY“Á„äÃ[˝ V…Ã[˝ÿöˆ YVÁUÔ [˝Á HªRÙOXÁ V`Ô„X C `“[˝„S cÕc˜ÁC
Y“◊TˆY~ c˜Ã^ Â^, YVÁUÔp˚ÁXY“Á◊äÃ[˝ LXÓ ÂEıÁX `ÁÃ[˝›◊Ã[˝Eı Y“SÁ_›Ã[˝ %Á[˝`ÓEıTˆÁ
XÁcÕ, --- a…©øV ◊rÙ •ÁÃ[˝Á V`ÔX Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝* _â¯„X H„Ã[˝ [˝◊aÃ^Á Âa a]Ã^
A◊QˆX[˝„Ã[˝Á„Tˆ Â^ HªRÙOXÁ c˜cÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜, ]„XÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó TˆÁc˜Á ÂV◊F_Á], AcÕÃ[˝÷Y V rÙÁ„‹ôˆÃ[˝
aeFÓÁ ◊VX ◊VX [˝◊ à˘ YÁc˜„O Tˆ‰Kª ˜* c˜cO ˜Á„EıcÕ a…©øV ◊rÙ [˝„_* a…©øV ◊rÙ„Tˆ C ◊V[˝ÓJª Ùl˘« „Tˆ
AcÕ Y“„\ˆV %Á‰ªK˜ Â^, a…©øV`fi ]„XÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó %V rÙ YVÁ„UÔÃ[˝ Y“◊Tˆ]…◊wÔ¯ V`ÔX Eı„Ã[˝,
◊V[˝ÓªJÙl«˘ •ÁÃ[˝Á %Á]Ã[˝Á ]„XÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó ÂacÕ V `Ó XÁ ÂV◊FÃ^Á, `ÁÃ[˝›◊Ã[˝Eı ªJÙ„l˘Ã[˝ a∂ˆÇ«„F
ÂV◊F, ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ‰ÿÉˆÁ„Tˆ ÂacÕ `å XÁ £◊XÃ^Á `ÁÃ[˝›◊Ã[˝Eı Eı„SÔ £◊X* cÕc˜ÁÃ[˝ AEı aÁ]ÁXÓ
V rÙÁ‹ôˆ CrystalA [˝Á EıÁ◊_Ã[˝ ]„W˝Ó a]aÁ]◊ÃÊı HªRÙOXÁ ÂVFÁ* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ◊V[˝ÓªJÙl«˘Y“Áä
Â^ÁG›Ã[˝ Y„l˘ AcÕÃ[˝÷Y =YEıÃ[˝„SÃ[˝ ÂEıÁX %Á[˝`ÓEıTˆÁ XÁcÕ, ◊Tˆ◊X AcÕ `◊N˛◊[˝EıÁ„`
◊[˝XÁ =YEıÃ[˝„S ÂVÈıÁ„_Ã[˝ [˝µ˘X F«◊_Ã^Á %XÓ ÂV„`Ã[˝ C %XÓ EıÁ„_Ã[˝ HªRÙOXÁ
%[˝GTˆ c˜cÕ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝X* ÂV`[˝µ˘X Â]ÁªJÙ„XÃ[˝ Y“]ÁS %Á]Ã[˝Á ^„UrÙ YÁcÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜, EıÁ_-
[˝µ˘XC Â^ Â]ÁªJÙX EıÃ[˝Á ^ÁÃ^, ]ÁX«b Â^ ◊≈yEıÁ_V`fi c˜cÕ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ATˆ
[˝ßaeFÓEı C a„‹ôˆÁbLXEı Y“]ÁS AFXC LG„TˆÃ[˝ a]„l˘ =Y◊ÿöˆTˆ EıÃ[˝Á c˜Ã^
XÁcÕ* Tˆ„[˝ ^◊V ÂV`[˝µ˘X Â]ÁªJÙX EıÃ[˝Á aêˆ[˝ c˜Ã^, EıÁ_[˝µ˘X Â]ÁªJÙX %aêˆ[˝ EıUÁ
[˝_Á ^ÁÃ^ XÁ* ^Ác˜Á c˜=Eı, AcÕ [˝ÓÁaVw¯ ◊V[˝ÓªJÙl«˘ •ÁÃ[˝Á atÃ^ c˜◊ÿôˆXÁY«„Ã[˝ UÁ◊EıÃ^ÁC
Â^X E«ı[Ã ˝”„l˘‰y VÒÁQÕˆÁc˜^ÃO Á a]„[˝Tˆ W˝ÁwÔ¯[Ã ˝Ár—Ù C YÁâ¯[˝GS„Eı Jª Ù„l˘ ÂV◊F„_X, V«„^ÔÁW˝„XÃ[˝
=◊N˛, ◊YTˆÁ]c˜ \ˆ›„πÇÃ[˝ \ˆ›] ◊aec˜XÁV, YÁá˚L„XÓÃ[˝ E«ıÃ[˝”W[˝ea„HÁbEı ]c˜Á`å
C G›TˆÁUÔ„VÓÁTÊı E ıb’Á#«¤X-ae[˝ÁV Eı„SÔ `“[˝S Eı◊Ã[˝„_X*
%Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ]„Tˆ ]c˜Á\ˆÁÃ[˝TˆC Ã[˝÷YEı X„c˜, E ıb’ C %#«¤XC Eı◊[˝Ã[˝ EıîXÁ
X„c˜, G›TˆÁC %ÁW˝«◊XEı TˆÁ◊EÔıEı [˝Á VÁ`Ô◊X„EıÃ[˝ ◊aà˘Á‹ôˆ X„c˜* %TÂ[˝ G›TˆÁÃ[˝
ÂEıÁXC EıUÁ Â^ %aêˆ[˝ [˝Á ^«◊N˛◊[˝Ã[˝”à˘ X„c˜, TˆÁc˜Á Y“◊TˆY~ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ c˜cÕ„[˝*
AcÕLXÓcÕ ◊V[˝ÓªJÙl«˘Y“Á◊äÃ[˝ EıUÁÃ[˝ ATˆ ◊[˝ÿô ˆTˆ a]Á„_ÁªJÙXÁ Eı◊Ã[˝_Á]*
V«„^ÔÁW˝„XÃ[˝ [˝ÁEÀı„EıÏ`_
atÃ^ ÂacÕ Y“U] ^«à˘‰Jª ÙrÙÁ [˝SXÔ Á Eı◊[Ã ˝„Tˆ %ÁÃ[˝êˆ Eı◊[Ã ˝„_X* V«„^ÔÁW˝X YÁâ¯[˝ÍaXÓ
Ã[˝◊ªJÙTˆ [˝…Óc˜ ÂV◊FÃ^Á ÊV–ÁSÁªJÙÁ„^ÔÓÃ[˝ ◊XEıªRÙO =Y◊ÿöˆTˆ c˜cÕ„_X* ÂEıX ÊV–Á„SÃ[˝ ◊XEıªRÙO
ÂG„_X TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ [˝ÓÁFÓÁ %Á[˝`ÓEı* \ˆ›πÇcÕ ÂaXÁY◊Tˆ, ^«„à˘Ã[˝ EıUÁ TgˆÁc˜Á„EıcÕ [˝_Á
=◊ªJÙTˆ ◊ªK˜_, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ E…ıªRÙO[˝«◊à˘ V«„^ÔÁW˝„XÃ[˝ ]„X \ˆ›„πÇÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ ◊[˝`üÁa ◊ªK˜_ XÁ* \ˆ›πÇ
YÁâ¯[˝„VÃ[˝ %X«Ã[˝N˛, c˜◊ÿôˆXÁY«„Ã[˝Ã[˝ `Á‹ôˆÓX«„]ÁVEı V„_Ã[˝ (peace party) ÂXTˆÁ;
^◊V YÁâ¯„[˝ W˝ÁwÔ¯Ã[˝Á‰r—ÙcÕ ^«à˘ c˜cÕTˆ, \ˆ›πÇ EıFXcÕ %ÿóˆW˝ÁÃ[˝S Eı◊Ã[˝„TˆX XÁ; ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ
E«ıÃ[˝”„VÃ[˝ Y“ÁªJÙ›X `y” C a]Eıl˘ aÁ∂ÉˆÁLÓ◊_¥a« YÁá˚Á_LÁ◊Tˆ •ÁÃ[˝Á E«ıÃ[˝”Ã[˝ÁLÓ
%Áy‘Á‹ôˆ ÂV◊FÃ^Á E«ıÃ[˝”LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ Y“W˝ÁX Y«Ã[˝”b, Â^Áà˘Á C Ã[˝ÁLX›◊Tˆ◊[˝VÀ ÂaXÁY◊TˆY„V
◊X^«N˛ c˜cÕÃ^Á ÿëˆ›Ã^ [˝Áß[˝„_ ◊ªJÙÃ[˝Ã[˝◊l˘Tˆ ÿëˆLÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ ÂGÏÃ[˝[˝ C Y“ÁW˝Á„XÓÃ[˝ Â`bÃ[˝l˘Á

Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ E ıTâ·¯î c˜cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜„_X* V«„^ÔÁW˝X ÿëˆÃê %a«Ã[˝Y“E ı◊Tˆ, Ã[˝ÁG„•bcÕ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝
a[[˝ÔEıÁ„^ÔÓÃ[˝ Y“]ÁS C Âc˜T«ˆ, %TÂ[˝ EıwÔ¯[˝ÓYÃ[˝ÁÃ^S ]c˜ÁY«Ã[˝”„bÃ[˝ ]„XÃ[˝ \ˆÁ[˝
[˝◊« Mı„Tˆ %l˘], Eıw¯Ô [˝Ó[˝◊« à˘„Tˆ Y“ÁSY“◊Tˆ] YÁâ¯[˝GS„EıC ^«à˘„l˘‰y aec˜Á[Ã ˝ Eı◊[Ã ˝[˝Á[Ã ˝
[˝_ AcÕ Eı◊PˆX TˆYÿëˆ›Ã[˝ Y“Á„S %Á‰ªK˜, TˆÁc˜Á EıFXC ◊[˝`üÁa Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝X XÁcÕ*
ÿëˆ„V`◊c˜ÍTˆb› YÃ[˝Á]„`ÔÃ[˝ a]„Ã^ ÿëˆ›Ã^ ]Tˆ Y“EıÁ`Y…[[˝ÔEı ÿëˆLÁ◊Tˆ„Eı %XÓÁÃ^ C
%◊c˜Tˆ c˜cÕ„Tˆ ◊X[˝ w¯ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ Y“ÁSYS ÊªJÙrÙÁ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^ÁC ÂacÕ %XÓÁÃ^ C %◊c˜Tˆ
AEı[˝ÁÃ[˝ Â_ÁEı•ÁÃ[˝Á ÿëˆ›E ıTˆ c˜cÕ„_ ÿëˆ›Ã^ ]Tˆ =„Yl˘Á Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á %W˝∂ˆÇÔ^«„à˘C ÿëˆLÁ◊Tˆ-
Ã[˝l˘Á C `y”V]X Eı„Ã[˝X, \ˆ›πÇC ÂacÕ Yl˘ %[˝_∂ëˆX Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜„_X* AcÕ \ˆÁ[˝C
V«„^ÔÁW˝„XÃ[˝ Â[˝ÁW˝ÁTˆ›Tˆ* %TÂ[˝ \ˆ›„πÇÃ[˝ ◊XEıªRÙO =Y◊ÿöˆTˆ XÁ c˜cÕÃ^Á ÊV–ÁS„Eı ÿˆÇÃ[˝S
Eı◊[Ã ˝„_X* ÊV–ÁS [˝Ó◊N˛GTˆ\ˆÁ„[˝ YÁá˚Á_Ã[˝Á„LÃ[˝ ÂHÁÃ[˝ `y”, YÁá˚Á_ ÂV„`Ã[˝ [Ã ˝ÁLE«ı]ÁÃ[˝
W˝ rÙV«Ó∂oˆ mÃ[˝” ÊV–ÁS„Eı [˝W˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ E ıTˆY“◊Tˆp˚, %UÔÁd V«„^ÔÁW˝X \ˆÁ◊[˝„_X, AcÕ
[˝Ó◊N˛GTˆ È[˝Ã[˝\ˆÁ„[˝Ã[˝ EıUÁ ÿˆÇÃ[˝S EıÃ[˝ÁcÕ„_ %ÁªJÙÁ^ÔÓ `Á◊‹ôˆÃ[˝ Yl˘YÁTˆ Y◊Ã[˝TˆÓÁG
Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á Y…SÔ =daÁ„c˜ ^«à˘ Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝X* &rÙ ÂacÕ EıUÁ [˝◊_„_X XÁ* W˝ rÙV«Ó‰∂oˆÃ[˝
XÁ]]Áy =‰{F Eı◊Ã[˝„_X, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Y„Ã[˝ \ˆ›πÇ„EıC a‹ô«ˆrÙ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ TgˆÁc˜Á„Eı
E«ıÃ[˝”Ã[˝Á„LÓÃ[˝ Ã[˝l˘Eı C ◊[˝L„Ã^Ã[˝ %Á`ÁÿëˆÃ[˝÷Y [˝◊_Ã^Á ◊X◊Å¤rÙ Eı◊Ã[˝„_X* Y“U]
◊[˝Y„l˘Ã[˝ ]«FÓ ]«FÓ Â^Áà˘ÁÃ[˝ XÁ] =‰{F Eı◊Ã[˝„_X, Y„Ã[˝ ÿëˆÍa„XÓÃ[˝ Eı„ÃÊıLX
ÂXTˆÁÃ[˝ XÁ] [˝◊_„_X, aEı„_Ã[˝ X„c˜, ÊV–ÁS C \ˆ›„πÇÃ[˝ XÁ]cÕ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ %◊\â◊µ˘
◊aà˘ÓUÔ ^„UrÙ, Tˆ„[˝ ÂacÕ %◊\â◊µ˘ ÂGÁYX Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ %ÁÃ[˝ ªJÙÁ◊Ã[˝-YgÁªJÙªRÙO› XÁ]
[˝◊_„_X* TˆÁc˜Á[Ã ˝ Y„Ã[˝ [˝◊_„_X, ""%Á]ÁÃ[˝ ÈaXÓ %◊Tˆ [˝c ˜d, \ˆ›πÇ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ÂaXÁY◊Tˆ,
YÁâ¯[˝„VÃ[˝ ÈaXÓ %„Yl˘ÁE ıTˆ l«˘V–, TˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ %Á`Áÿöˆ_ \ˆ›„]Ã[˝ [˝Áß[˝_, %TÂ[˝
%Á]Á„VÃ[˝ LÃ^ c˜cÕ„[˝ XÁ ÂEıX? Tˆ„[˝ \ˆ›πÇcÕ ^FX %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ Y“W˝ÁX \ˆÃ[˝aÁ, TgˆÁc˜Á„Eı
`y”-%Áy‘]S c˜cÕ„Tˆ Ã[˝l˘Á EıÃ[˝Á aEı„_Ã[˝ =◊ªJÙTˆ. ◊Tˆ◊X UÁ◊Eı„_ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ LÃ^
%[˝`ÓêˆÁ[˝›*'' %„X„Eı ""%Y^ÔÓÁä'' `„åÃ[˝ ◊[˝Y[Ã ˝›Tˆ %UÔ Eı„Ã[˝X, TˆÁc˜Á ^«◊N˛aÜTˆ
X„c˜, V«„^ÔÁW˝„XÃ[˝ ÈaXÓ %„Yl˘ÁE ıTˆ [˝ c˜d, ÂacÕ Èa„XÓÃ[˝ ÂXTˆÁGS Â`Ï„^ÔÓ [˝›„^ÔÓ
EıÁc˜ÁÃ[˝C X…ÓX X„c˜X, %Á±¡`¿ÁH› V«„^ÔÁW˝X ÂEıX ÿëˆ[˝„_Ã[˝ ◊X≥VÁ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ◊XÃ[˝Á`Á
=dYÁVX Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ ^ÁcÕ„[˝X? \ˆ›πÇ V«„^ÔÁW˝„XÃ[˝ ]„XÃ[˝ \ˆÁ[˝ C EıUÁÃ[˝ G…ªRÕÙ =„Å`Ó
[˝«◊Mı„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝Ã^Á TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ a„≥Vc˜ %Y„XÁVXÁUÔ ◊aec˜XÁV C `ÖXÁV Eı◊Ã[˝„_X*
V«„^ÔÁW˝„XÃ[˝ c˜÷V„Ã^ TˆÁc˜Á„Tˆ c˜„bÔÁdYÁVX c˜cÕ_* ◊Tˆ◊X \ˆÁ◊[˝„_X, %Á]ÁÃ[˝ =„Å`Ó
aÁ◊W˝Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜, ÊV–ÁS C \ˆ›πÇ ◊•W˝Á V…Ã[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ^«à˘ Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝X*
Y…[[˝Ô a…ªJÙXÁ
Â^cÕ \ˆ›„πÇÃ[˝ GGX„\ˆV› `ÖXÁ„V Ã[˝S„l˘y Eı◊+Tˆ c˜cÕ_, TˆFXcÕ ÂacÕ ◊[˝`Á_
ÂEıÏÃ[˝[˝ ÂaXÁÃ[˝ ªJÙÁ◊Ã[˝◊VEı c˜cÕ„Tˆ Ã[˝S[˝ÁVÓ [˝Á◊LÃ^Á =◊Pˆ_ A[˝e Ã[˝„SÁ{Á„a Ã[˝U›GS
]Á◊Tˆ„Tˆ _Á◊G_* %YÃ[˝◊V„Eı YÁâ¯[˝„VÃ[˝ Ê`“úˆ [˝›Ã[˝ C TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ aÁÃ[˝◊U `“›E ıb’
\ˆ›„πÇÃ[˝ ^«à˘Á‚º˜Á„XÃ[˝ =w¯Ã[˝ÿëˆÃ[˝÷Y `ÖXÁV Eı◊Ã[˝„_X A[˝e ^«◊W˝◊úˆÃ[˝ Y“\ ˆ◊Tˆ YÁâ¯[˝-
Yl˘›Ã^ [˝›Ã[˝GS ÿëˆ ÿëˆ `Ö [˝ÁLÁcÕÃ^Á Ã[˝SªJÙâ¯›„Eı Èa„XÓÃ[˝ c˜÷V„Ã^ LÁGÁcÕ„_X* ÂacÕ
]c˜ÁXÀ `å Y ◊U[˝› C X\ˆfÿöˆ_„Eı W[˝◊XTˆ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á Â^X W˝ÁwÔ¯Ã[˝Ár—ÙG„SÃ[˝ c˜÷VÃ^ ◊[˝V›SÔ
Eı◊Ã[˝_* cÕc˜ÁÃ[˝ AcÕ %UÔ X„c˜ Â^ \ˆ›πÇ Y“\ ˆ◊Tˆ AcÕ `„å \ˆ›Tˆ c˜cÕ„_X, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á
[˝›[Ã ˝Y[Ã« ˝”b, [Ã ˝SJª Ùâ¯›[Ã ˝ %Á‚º˜Á„X \ˆ›Tˆ c˜c˜„O [˝X ÂEıX? AcÕ =◊N˛„Tˆ Eı◊[˝ Y“U] %T«ˆÓdEıRª ÙO
`„åÃ[˝ `ÁÃ[˝›◊Ã[˝Eı Â[˝G[˝ÁX aá˚ÁÃ[˝ [˝SÔXÁ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X, Â^]X [˝qXÁV %„XEı[˝ÁÃ[˝
]ÿôÊı ◊•F◊â¯Tˆ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ^ÁÃ^ AcÕÃ[˝÷Y Ê`“ÁTˆÁÃ[˝ Â[˝ÁW˝ c˜Ã^, ÂTˆ]XcÕ AcÕ Ã[˝S„l˘y[˝ÓÁY›
]c˜Á`„åÃ[˝ aá˚ÁÃ[˝ c˜cÕ_; %ÁÃ[˝ AcÕ `å Â^X W˝ÁwÔ¯Ã[˝Ár—ÙG„SÃ[˝ \ˆÁ[˝› ◊XW˝„XÃ[˝
ÂHÁbSÁ, Â^cÕ c˜÷VÃ^m◊_ YÁâ¯[˝„VÃ[˝ `ÿóˆ ◊[˝V›SÔ Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝, Y…„[[˝ÔcÕ TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ `ÖXÁV
◊[˝V›SÔ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ÂG_* ^«à˘ %ÁÃ[˝êˆ c˜cÕ_, V«cÕ ◊VEı c˜cÕ„Tˆ `ÿóˆ◊X„l˘Y c˜cÕ„Tˆ _Á◊G_,
AcÕ a]„Ã^ %#«¤X `“›E ıb’„Eı [˝◊_„_X, ""T«ˆ◊] %Á]ÁÃ[˝ Ã[˝U V«cÕ Èa„XÓÃ[˝ ]W˝Ó\ˆÁ„G
ÿöˆÁYX EıÃ[˝, %Á◊] ÂV◊F„Tˆ cÕ¨K˜Á Eı◊Ã[˝, ÂEı ÂEı ◊[˝Yl˘, EıÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á ^«„à˘ V«[[˝«Ô≈◊à˘
V«„^ÔÁW˝„XÃ[˝ ◊Y“ÃÊı∂ˆÇÔ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ a]ÁGTˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜X, EıÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ a„Ü %Á]Á„Eı ^«à˘
Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ c˜cÕ„[˝*'' %#«¤„XÃ[˝ \ˆÁ[˝ AcÕ Â^ %Á◊]cÕ YÁâ¯[˝„VÃ[˝ %Á`Áÿöˆ_, %Á]Á
•ÁÃ[˝ÁcÕ ◊[˝Y„l˘Ã[˝ Y“W˝ÁX Y“W˝ÁX Â^Áà˘Á c˜‹ôˆ[˝Ó, %TÂ[˝ ÂV◊F cÕc˜ÁÃ[˝Á EıÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á* AcÕ
Y^ÔÓ‹ôˆ %#«¤„XÃ[˝ a+…SÔ l˘◊≈yÃ^\ˆÁ[˝ Ã[˝◊c˜Ã^Á‰ªK˜, E ıYÁ ◊Eı∂ëˆÁ ÂVÏ[[˝Ô„_ÓÃ[˝ ÂEıÁX ◊ªJÙc˜‘
XÁcÕ* \ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝ %„XEı Ê`“úˆ [˝›Ã[˝Y«Ã[˝”b ◊[˝Y„l˘Ã[˝ Èa„XÓ =Y◊ÿöˆTˆ, aEı_„Eı aec˜ÁÃ[˝
Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á %#«¤X ÂLÓúˆ}ÁTˆÁ ^«◊W˝◊úˆÃ[˝„Eı %aY±Ûˆ aÁ∂ÉˆÁLÓ ◊V[˝ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ =„VÓÁG›*
◊Eı‹ô«ˆ `“›E ıb’ LÁ„XX Â^ %#«¤„XÃ[˝ ]„X ÂVÏ[[˝Ô_Ó %Á‰ªK˜, AFX ◊ªJÙw¯ Y◊Ã[˝õıÁÃ[˝ XÁ
Eı◊Ã[˝„_ A]X ÂEıÁXC a]„Ã^ %EıÿˆÇÁd ◊ªJÙw¯ c˜cÕ„Tˆ [˝«◊à˘„Tˆ =◊PˆÃ^Á %◊W˝EıÁÃ[˝
Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ Â^ YÁâ¯[˝„VÃ[˝ ◊[˝„`b %◊XrÙ, c˜Ã^ Tˆ a[[˝ÔXÁ` c˜cÕ„[˝* ÂacÕLXÓ
`“›E ıb’ A]X ÿöˆÁ„X Ã[˝U ÿöˆÁYX Eı◊Ã[˝„_X Â^ \ˆ›πÇ ÊV–ÁS cÕTˆÓÁ◊V %#«¤„XÃ[˝ ◊Y“Ã^LX
TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ a∂ˆÇ«„F Ã[˝◊c˜„_X %UªJÙ %ÁÃ[˝ aEı_ ÂEıÏÃ[˝[˝Yl˘›Ã^ X Y◊Tˆ„Eı ÂV◊F„Tˆ YÁX,
A[˝e TgˆÁc˜Á„Eı [˝◊_„_X, ÂVF, a]„[˝Tˆ E«ıÃ[˝”LÁ◊Tˆ„Eı ÂVF* ÿˆÇÃ[˝S Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ c˜Ã^
Â^ %#«¤X ÿëˆÃê E«ıÃ[˝”LÁTˆ›Ã^, E«ıÃ[˝”[˝e„`Ã[˝ ÂGÏÃ[˝[˝, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ aEı_ %Á±¡›Ã^, ◊Y“Ã^LX,
[˝Á„_ÓÃ[˝ ac˜ªJÙÃ[˝GS ÂacÕ E«ıÃ[˝”LÁTˆ›Ã^, TˆÁc˜Á c˜cÕ„_ `“›E ı„b’Ã[˝ ]«„F AcÕ ◊TˆXªRÙO›
aÁ]ÁXÓ EıUÁÃ[˝ G\ˆ›Ã[˝ %UÔ C \ˆÁ[˝ c˜÷VÃ^Ü] c˜Ã^* TˆFX %#«¤X ÂV◊F„_X ^gÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝
aec˜ÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ^«◊W˝◊úˆ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ %aY±Ûˆ Ã[˝ÁLÓ ÿöˆÁYX Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ c˜cÕ„[˝, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á %ÁÃ[˝ ÂEıc˜
XX, ◊XL ◊Y“Ã^ %Á±¡›Ã^, mÃ[˝”, [˝µ«˘, \ˆ◊N˛ C \ˆÁ_[˝ÁaÁÃ[˝ YÁy* ÂV◊F„_X a]ÿôˆ
\ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝ l˘◊≈yÃ^[˝e` YÃ[˝&„Ã[˝Ã[˝ a◊c˜Tˆ ◊Y“Ã^ a∂ëˆµ˘ •ÁÃ[˝Á %Á[˝à˘ %UªJÙ YÃ[˝&Ã[˝„Eı
aec˜ÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ AcÕ \ˆ›bS Ã[˝S„l˘‰y %ÁGTˆ*
◊[˝bÁ„VÃ[˝ ]…_ EıÁÃ[˝S

%#«„¤ XÃ[˝ ◊X„[[˝„Ô VÃ[˝ ]…_ ◊Eı? %„X„Eı AcÕ ◊[˝bÁ„VÃ[˝ Y“èaÁ Eı◊[Ã ˝^Ã Á `“›E ıb’„Eı
E«ı]ÁGÔY“V`ÔEı C %W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ %X«„]ÁVEı [˝◊_Ã^Á ◊X≥VÁ Eı„Ã[˝X* F–›rÙW˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ `Á◊‹ôˆ\ˆÁ[˝,
Â[˝Ïà˘W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ %◊c˜eaÁ\ˆÁ[˝ A[˝e È[˝b’[˝W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ ÊY“]\ˆÁ[˝cÕ =¨JÙ C Ê`“úˆ W˝∂ˆÇÔ, ^«à˘
C XÃ[˝c˜TˆÓÁ YÁY, }ÁT ˆc˜TˆÓÁ C mÃ[˝”c˜TˆÓÁ ]c˜ÁYÁTÊı, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á AcÕ W˝ÁÃ[˝SÁÃ[˝ [˝`[˝w¯fi
c˜cÕÃ^Á AcÕ %aÜTˆ EıUÁ [˝„_X* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ AcÕ aEı_ %ÁW˝«◊XEı W˝ÁÃ[˝SÁ •ÁYÃ[˝ ^«„GÃ[˝
]c˜Á[˝›[Ã ˝ YÁâ¯„[˝[Ã ˝ ]„XC =‰Pˆ XÁc˜;O %◊c˜eaÁ\ˆÁ[˝ Ê`“úˆ, [˝Á ^«à˘, XÃ[˝c˜TˆÓÁ, }ÁT ˆc˜TˆÓÁ
C mÃ[˝”c˜TˆÓÁ ]c˜ÁYÁY [˝◊_Ã^Á ^«„à˘ ◊[˝Ã[˝Tˆ c˜CÃ^Á =◊ªJÙTˆ, AcÕ ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁÃ[˝ ÂEıÁXC
◊ªJÙc˜‘C %#«¤„XÃ[˝ EıUÁÃ^ [˝ÓN˛ c˜Ã^ XÁ* [˝◊_„_X [˝‰ªRÙO, mÃ[˝”LX„Eı c˜TˆÓÁ EıÃ[˝Á
%„Yl˘Á ◊\ˆl˘Á[˝ ◊w¯ %[˝_∂ëˆX EıÃ[˝Á Ê`“Ã^ïıÃ[˝, [˝◊_„_X [˝‰ªRÙO Â^ [˝µ«˘[˝Áµ˘„[˝Ã[˝ c˜TˆÓÁÃ^
YÁY %Á]Á◊VG„Eı %Á`“Ã^ Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ Eı„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ ÿëˆ\ˆÁ[˝ ÂV◊FÃ^Á AcÕ EıUÁ [˝„_X
XÁcÕ, Eı„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ Zı_ ÂV◊FÃ^Á [˝◊_„_X; ÂacÕLXÓ `“›E ıb’ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ◊[˝bÁV \ˆtXÁUÔ AcÕ
◊`l˘Á ◊VÃ^Á‰ªK˜X Â^ Eı„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ Zı_ ÂV◊F„Tˆ XÁcÕ, Eı„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ ÿëˆ\ˆÁ[˝ ÂV◊FÃ^Á ÂacÕ Eı∂ˆÇÔ
EıÃ[˝Á =◊ªJÙTˆ XÁ %X«◊ªJÙTˆ ◊ÿöˆÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ c˜Ã^* %#«¤„XÃ[˝ Y“U] \ˆÁ[˝ AcÕ Â^ cÕc˜ÁÃ[˝Á
%Á]ÁÃ[˝ %Á±¡›Ã^, mÃ[˝”LX, [˝µ«˘, [˝Á_Óac˜ªJÙÃ[˝, aEı„_ Âÿoˆc˜, \ˆ◊N˛ C \ˆÁ_[˝ÁaÁÃ[˝
YÁy, cÕc˜Á„VÃ[˝ c˜TˆÓÁÃ^ %aY±Ûˆ Ã[˝ÁLÓ_Á\ˆ Eı◊Ã[˝„_ ÂacÕ Ã[˝ÁLÓ„\ˆÁG EıVÁªJÙ a«FY“V
c˜cÕ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ XÁ, [˝Ã[˝e ^Á[˝#›[˝X V«fF C Y∏JÙÁw¯Á„Y VÑ˘ c˜cÕ„Tˆ c˜Ã^, [˝µ«˘[˝Áµ˘[˝`…XÓ
Y ◊U[˝›Ã[˝ Ã[˝ÁLÓ EıÁc˜ÁÃ[˝C [˝Ás˙X›Ã^ X„c˜* %#«¤„XÃ[˝ ◊•Tˆ›Ã^ \ˆÁ[˝ AcÕ Â^ ◊Y“Ã^LX„Eı
c˜TˆÓÁ EıÃ[˝Á W˝∂ˆÇÔ◊[˝Ã[˝”à˘, ^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á Â•„bÃ[˝ YÁy, TgˆÁc˜Á◊VG„Eı ^«„à˘ c˜TˆÓÁ EıÃ[˝Á l˘◊≈y„Ã^Ã[˝
W˝∂ˆÇÔ* T ˆTˆ›Ã^ \ˆÁ[˝ AcÕ Â^ ÿëˆÁ„UÔÃ[˝ LXÓ AcÕÃ[˝÷Y Eı∂ˆÇÔ EıÃ[˝Á W˝∂ˆÇÔ◊[˝Ã[˝”à˘ C l˘◊≈y„Ã^Ã[˝
%X«◊ªJÙTˆ* ªJÙT«ÛÔ \ˆÁ[˝ AcÕ Â^ }ÁT ˆ◊[˝„Ã[˝Á„W˝ C }ÁT ˆc˜TˆÓÁÃ^ E«ı_XÁ` C LÁ◊TˆW[˝ea
H◊ªRÙO„[˝, AcÕÃ[˝÷Y E«ıZı_ a ◊rÙ E«ı_Ã[˝l˘Eı C LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝l˘Eı l˘◊≈yÃ^[˝›„Ã[˝Ã[˝ Y„l˘
]c˜ÁYÁY* AcÕ ªJÙÁÃ[˝ªRÙO› \ˆÁ[˝ ◊\ˆ~ %#«¤„XÃ[˝ ◊[˝bÁ„VÃ[˝ ]…„_ %ÁÃ[˝ ÂEıÁXC \ˆÁ[˝ XÁcÕ*
cÕc˜Á XÁ [˝«◊Mı„_ `“›E ı„b’Ã[˝ =„Å`Ó C ◊`l˘ÁÃ[˝ %UÔC [˝«MıÁ ^ÁÃ^ XÁ* F–›rÙW˝∂ˆÇÔ,
Â[˝Ïà˘W˝∂ˆÇÔ, È[˝b’[˝W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ a◊c˜Tˆ G›TˆÁÃ[˝ W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ ◊[˝„Ã[˝ÁW˝ C aÁ]t„aÓÃ[˝ EıUÁ Y„Ã[˝
[˝_Á c˜cÕ„[˝* %#«¤„XÃ[˝ EıUÁÃ[˝ \ˆÁ[˝ a…©ø◊[˝ªJÙÁ„Ã[˝ ◊XÃ[˝›l˘S Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ]„XÃ[˝
\ˆÁ[˝ Y“V`ÔX Eı◊Ã[˝*
È[˝b’[˝› ]ÁÃ^ÁÃ[˝ %Áy‘]S
%#«¤X Y“U] TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ◊[˝bÁ„VÃ[˝ [˝SÔXÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„_X* Âÿoˆc˜ C E ıYÁÃ[˝ %EıÿˆÇÁd
◊[˝‰V–Á„c˜ ]c˜Á[˝›Ã[˝ %#«¤X %◊\ˆ\…ˆTˆ C YÃ[˝Áÿôˆ, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ `Ã[˝›„Ã[˝Ã[˝ a]ÿôˆ [˝_ AEı
]«c…˜„wÔ¯ £EıÁcÕÃ^Á ◊GÃ^Á‰ªK˜, %Ü aEı_ %[˝a~, VÒÁQÕˆÁcÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ `◊N˛C XÁcÕ, [˝_[˝Á„XÃ[˝
c˜ÿˆô GÁâ¯›[˝ W˝Á[Ã ˝„S %a]UÔ, Â`Á„Eı[Ã ˝ =w¯Á„Y Lù„[Ã ˝[Ã ˝ _l˘S [˝ÓN˛, `Ã[˝›„Ã[˝[Ã ˝ ÂVÏ[[˝_Ô Ó
c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜, ±ºÊÀı Â^X %◊G¬„Tˆ VÑ˘ c˜cÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜, ]«F ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ £EıÁcÕÃ^Á ◊GÃ^Á‰ªK˜, a]ÿôˆ
`Ã[˝›Ã[˝ Tˆ›[˝–\ˆÁ„[˝ Eı+]ÁX, ]X Â^X ÂacÕ %Áy‘]„S H«◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜* AcÕ \ˆÁ„[˝Ã[˝
[˝SÔXÁ Y◊QÕˆÃ^Á Y“U] Eı◊[˝Ã[˝ ÂTˆL◊ÿëˆX› EıîXÁÃ[˝ %◊Tˆ◊Ã[˝N˛ ◊[˝EıÁ` [˝◊_Ã^Á ÂEı[˝_
ÂacÕ Eı◊[˝±ºˆ„aÏ≥V^ÔÓ Â\ˆÁG Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á l˘Á‹ôˆ c˜cÕ; ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ^◊V a…©ø◊[˝ªJÙÁ„Ã[˝ ◊XÃ[˝›l˘S Eı◊Ã[˝,
TˆFX AcÕ [˝SÔXÁÃ[˝ AEıªRÙO› G…ªRÕÙ %UÔ ]„X =VÃ^ c˜Ã^* %#«¤X Y…„[[˝ÔC E«ıÃ[˝”„VÃ[˝
a◊c˜Tˆ ^«à˘ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X, %UªJÙ AcÕÃ[˝÷Y \ˆÁ[˝ EıFXC c˜Ã^ XÁcÕ, AFX `“›E ı„b’Ã[˝
cÕ¨K˜ÁÃ^ c˜PˆÁd AcÕ %Á‹ôˆ◊Ã[˝Eı =dYÁTˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜* ]X«bÓLÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ %„XEı %◊TˆY“[˝_
[˝ ◊w¯ l˘◊≈yÃ^ ◊`l˘Á C =¨JÙ %ÁEıÁIl˘Á •ÁÃ[˝Á YÃ[˝Á\…ˆTˆ C %Á[˝à˘ c˜cÕÃ^Á %#«¤„XÃ[˝
c˜÷VÃ^Tˆ„_ mä\ˆÁ„[˝ Ã[˝◊c˜Ã^Á‰ªK˜* ◊XG–c˜ •ÁÃ[˝Á ◊ªJÙw¯£◊à˘ c˜Ã^ XÁ, ◊[˝„[˝Eı C ◊[˝£à˘
[˝«◊à˘Ã[˝ aÁc˜Á„^Ó ae^„] ◊ªJÙw¯£◊à˘ c˜Ã^* ◊XG c˜›Tˆ [˝ ◊w¯ C \ˆÁ[˝aEı_ c˜Ã^ AcÕ
L„XΩ, X„c˜ YÃ[˝L„XΩ AEı◊VX ◊ªJÙw¯ c˜cÕ„Tˆ =◊PˆÃ^Á [˝«◊à˘„Eı %Áy‘]S Eı„Ã[˝ A[˝e
LÃ^ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á a]ÿôˆ Eı∂ˆÇÔ ÿëˆ◊[˝EıÁ„`Ã[˝ %X«E…ı_ Y„U ªJÙÁ_ÁÃ^* AcÕ Âc˜T«ˆ, Â^ AcÕ
L„XΩ VÃ^Á[˝ÁX, Âa %XÓ L„XΩ ◊Xú«ˆÃ[˝ c˜Ã^, Â^ AcÕ L„XΩ EıÁ]› C V«∏JÙ◊Ã[˝y, Âa
%XÓ L„XΩ aÁW˝« C Y◊[˝y‰ªJÙTˆÁ c˜Ã^* ◊XG–c˜ XÁ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ◊[˝„[˝Eı C ◊[˝£à˘ [˝«◊à˘Ã[˝
aÁc˜Á„^Ó [˝ ◊w¯m◊_ Y“TˆÓÁFÓÁX Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ◊ªJÙw¯ Y◊Ã[˝õıÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ c˜Ã^* cÕc˜Á„EıcÕ ae^]
[˝„_* p˚Á„XÃ[˝ Y“\ˆÁ„[˝ Tˆ„]Á\ˆÁ„[˝Ã[˝ %Y„XÁVX XÁ c˜cÕ„_ ae^] %aêˆ[˝* ÂacÕLXÓ
`“›E ıb’ %#«¤„XÃ[˝ %p˚ÁX V…Ã[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á a«ä ◊[˝„[˝Eı LÁGÁcÕÃ^Á ◊ªJÙw¯„`ÁW˝X Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ
cÕ¨K«˜Eı* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ Y◊Ã[˝c˜Á^ÔÓ [˝ ◊w¯aEı_ ◊ªJÙw¯ c˜cÕ„Tˆ =„w¯Á_XY…[[˝ÔEı [˝«◊à˘Ã[˝ a∂ˆÇ«„F
=Y◊ÿöˆTˆ XÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„_ [˝«◊à˘C Y“TˆÓÁFÓÁX Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ %[˝aÃ[˝ YÁÃ^ XÁ, =YÃ[˝‹ô«ˆ ^«„à˘cÕ
%‹ôˆfÿöˆ ÈVTˆÓ C Ã[˝Ál˘a ◊[˝„[˝Eı •ÁÃ[˝Á c˜Tˆ c˜Ã^, TˆFX ◊[˝„[˝Eı [˝«◊à˘„Eı ]«N˛ Eı„Ã[˝*
Â^Á„GÃ[˝ Y“U] %[˝ÿöˆÁÃ^ ^Tˆ E«ıY“[˝ ◊w¯ ◊ªJÙ„w¯ [˝à˘]…_ c˜cÕÃ^Á Ã[˝◊c˜Ã^Á‰ªK˜, Y“[˝_ Â[˝„G
[˝«◊à˘„Eı %Áy‘]S Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á %X\ˆÓÿôˆ aÁW˝Eı„Eı \ˆ›◊Tˆ C Â`Á„Eı ◊[˝‚º˜_ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ÂZı„_,
cÕc˜Á„EıcÕ YÁ∏JÙÁTˆÓ ÂV„` [˝„_ `Ã^TˆÁ„XÃ[˝ Y“„_Á\ˆX, cÕc˜ÁcÕ ]Á„Ã[˝Ã[˝ %Áy‘]S* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ
ÂacÕ \ˆ›◊Tˆ C Â`ÁEı %p˚ÁXaê…ˆTˆ, ÂacÕ Y“„_Á\ˆX `Ã^TˆÁ„XÃ[˝ X„c˜, \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝*
%‹ôˆ^ÔÓÁ]› LGdmÃ[˝”cÕ ÂacÕ aEı_ Y“[˝ ◊w¯ aÁW˝Eı„Eı %Áy‘]S Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ %Á‚º˜ÁX
Eı„Ã[˝X, %]Ü„_Ã[˝ LXÓ X„c˜, ]Ü„_Ã[˝ LXÓ, ◊ªJÙw¯„`ÁW˝„XÃ[˝ LXÓ* `“›E ıb’ Â^]X
a`Ã[˝›„Ã[˝ [˝Ác˜ÓLG„Tˆ %#«¤„XÃ[˝ aFÁ C aÁÃ[˝◊U, ÂTˆ]XcÕ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó %`Ã[˝›Ã[˝›
<`üÃ[˝ C %‹ôˆ^ÔÓÁ]› Y«Ã[˝”„bÁw¯], ◊Tˆ◊XcÕ AcÕ mä [˝ ◊w¯ C \ˆÁ[˝ Y“[˝_„[˝„G AEı
a]Ã^ [˝«◊à˘Ã[˝ =YÃ[˝ ◊X„l˘Y Eı◊Ã[˝„_X* ÂacÕ \ˆ›bS %ÁHÁ„Tˆ [˝«◊à˘ H…SÔÓ]ÁX c˜cÕ_
A[˝e Y“[˝_ ]ÁX◊aEı ◊[˝EıÁÃ[˝ Tˆdl˘SÁd ÿöˆ…_ `Ã[˝›„Ã[˝ Eı◊[˝[˝◊SÔTˆ _l˘S aEı„_ [˝ÓN˛
c˜cÕ_* Y“[˝_ %Y“TˆÓÁ◊`Tˆ Â`ÁEı-V«f„FÃ[˝ AcÕÃ[˝÷Y `ÁÃ[˝›◊Ã[˝Eı ◊[˝EıÁ` c˜Ã^, TˆÁc˜Á
%Á]Ã[˝Á LÁ◊X, TˆÁc˜Á ]X«bÓLÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ aÁW˝ÁÃ[˝S %X«\ˆ„[˝Ã[˝ [˝◊c˜\…ˆ¤Tˆ X„c˜* %#«¤X„Eı
\ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ È[˝b’[˝› ]ÁÃ^Á %Fâ¯ [˝„_ AEı ]«c…˜„wÔ¯ %◊\ˆ\…ˆTˆ Eı◊Ã[˝_, ÂacÕLXÓ AcÕ
Y“[˝_ ◊[˝EıÁÃ[˝* ^FX %W˝∂ˆÇÔ VÃ^Á ÊY“] cÕTˆÓÁ◊V ÂEıÁ]_ W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ %ÁEıÁÃ[˝ W˝ÁÃ[˝S
Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á, %p˚ÁX p˚Á„XÃ[˝ Â[˝„` ªK˜≤ø„[˝`› c˜cÕÃ^Á %Á„a, GÁªRÕÙ E ıb’ Tˆ„]ÁmS =#ù_
C ◊[˝`V Y◊[˝yTˆÁÃ[˝ \ˆÁS Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á [˝„_, %Á◊] aÁ◊√º¯Eı, %Á◊] p˚ÁX, %Á◊] W˝∂ˆÇÔ,
%Á◊] \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ ◊Y“^Ã V…Tˆ, Y«SÓÃ[˝÷Y› Y«SÓY“[˝w¯Ô Eı, TˆFX [˝◊« Mı„Tˆ c˜c˜„O [˝ Â^ \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝
È[˝b’[˝› ]ÁÃ^Á [˝«◊à˘Ã[˝ ]„W˝Ó Y“EıÁ` c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜*
È[˝b’[˝› ]ÁÃ^ÁÃ[˝ _l˘S

AcÕ È[˝b’[˝› ]ÁÃ^ÁÃ[˝ ]«FÓ %ÿóˆ E ıYÁ C Âÿoˆc˜* ]ÁX[˝LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ ÊY“] C \ˆÁ_[˝ÁaÁ
◊[˝£à˘ [˝ ◊w¯ X„c˜, `ÁÃ[˝›◊Ã[˝Eı C Y“ÁS„EıÁ`ÁGTˆ ◊[˝EıÁ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ [˝„` Y◊[˝y ÊY“] C VÃ^Á
Eı_«◊bTˆ C ◊[˝Eı_ÁÜ c˜Ã^* ◊ªJÙw¯cÕ [˝ ◊w¯Ã[˝ [˝ÁaÿöˆÁX, Y“ÁS Â\ˆÁ„GÃ[˝ Âl˘y, `Ã[˝›Ã[˝
Eı„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ ^‹óˆ, [˝«◊à˘ ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁÃ[˝ Ã[˝ÁLÓ* ◊[˝£à˘ %[˝ÿöˆÁÃ^ AcÕ aEı„_Ã[˝ ÿëˆTˆ‹óˆ %UªJÙ
YÃ[˝&„Ã[˝Ã[˝ %◊[˝„Ã[˝ÁW˝› Y“[˝ ◊w¯ c˜Ã^, ◊ªJÙ„w¯ \ˆÁ[˝ C‰Pˆ, `Ã[˝›Ã[˝ •ÁÃ[˝Á TˆVX«^ÁÃ^› Eı∂ˆÇÔ
c˜Ã^, [˝«◊à˘„Tˆ Tˆda+EıfiÃ^ ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ c˜Ã^, Y“ÁS ÂacÕ \ˆÁ[˝, Eı∂ˆÇÔ C ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁÃ[˝ %ÁX≥V Â\ˆÁG
Eı„Ã[˝, L›[˝ aÁl˘› c˜cÕÃ^Á Y“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝ AcÕ %ÁX≥V]Ã^ y‘›QÕˆÁV`Ô„X %ÁX≥V_Á\ˆ Eı„Ã[˝*
%£à˘ %[˝ÿöˆÁÃ^ Y“ÁS `ÁÃ[˝›◊Ã[˝Eı [˝Á ]ÁX◊aEı Â\ˆÁ„GÃ[˝ LXÓ _Á_Á◊Ã^Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á `Ã[˝›Ã[˝„Eı
Eı∂ˆÇÔ^‹óˆ XÁ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á Â\ˆÁ„GÃ[˝ =YÁÃ^ Eı„Ã[˝, `Ã[˝›Ã[˝ Â\ˆÁ„G %ÁaN˛ c˜cÕÃ^Á [˝ÁÃ[˝ [˝ÁÃ[˝
`ÁÃ[˝›◊Ã[˝Eı Â\ˆÁ„GÃ[˝ LXÓ VÁ[˝› Eı„Ã[˝, ◊ªJÙw¯ `ÁÃ[˝›◊Ã[˝Eı Â\ˆÁ„GÃ[˝ EıÁ]XÁÃ^ %Áy‘Á‹ôˆ
c˜cÕÃ^Á %ÁÃ[˝ ◊X∂ˆÇÔ_ \ˆÁ[˝ G–c˜„S %l˘] c˜Ã^, Eı_«◊bTˆ [˝ÁaXÁ^«N˛ \ˆÁ[˝ ◊ªJÙw¯aÁGÃ[˝
◊[˝l«˘ç˘ Eı„Ã[˝, ÂacÕ [˝ÁaXÁÃ[˝ ÂEıÁ_Ác˜_ [˝«◊à˘„Eı %◊\ˆ\…ˆTˆ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ◊[˝[˝–Tˆ Eı„Ã[˝, [˝◊W˝Ã[˝
Eı„Ã[˝, [˝«◊à˘ %ÁÃ[˝ ◊X∂ˆÇÔ_, `Á‹ôˆ %}Á‹ôˆ ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ G–c˜„S a]UÔ c˜Ã^ XÁ, ªJÙá˚_ ]„XÃ[˝
[˝`›\…ˆTˆ c˜c˜^ÃO Á }„], ◊ªJÙ‹ˆô Á◊[˝}Á‰ªRÙ,O %X „Tˆ[Ã ˝ Y“Á[˝„_Ó %µ˘ c˜^Ã * L›[˝C AcÕ [˝◊« à˘}e„`
c˜÷Tˆp˚ÁX c˜cÕÃ^Á aÁl˘›\ˆÁ[˝ C ◊X∂ˆÇÔ_ %ÁX≥V\ˆÁ„[˝ [˝◊á˚Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á %ÁW˝Á„Ã[˝Ã[˝ a◊c˜Tˆ
◊XL AEı±ºˆ ÿëˆ›EıÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á %Á◊] ÂVc˜, %Á◊] Y“ÁS, %Á◊] ◊ªJÙw¯, %Á◊] [˝«◊à˘ AcÕ
}Á‹ôˆ W˝ÁÃ[˝SÁÃ^ `ÁÃ[˝›◊Ã[˝Eı C ]ÁX◊aEı a«F-V«f„F a«F› C V«fF› c˜Ã^* %£à˘ ◊ªJÙw¯
AcÕ ◊[˝}Á‰ªRÙOÃ[˝ ]…_, %TÂ[˝ ◊ªJÙw¯£◊à˘ =~◊TˆÃ[˝ Y“U] ÂaÁYÁX* AcÕ %£à˘TˆÁ
ÂEı[˝_ TˆÁ]◊aEı C Ã[˝ÁL◊aEı [˝ ◊w¯„Eı Eı_«◊bTˆ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á l˘Á‹ôˆ c˜Ã^ XÁ, aÁ◊√º¯Eı
[˝ ◊w¯„EıC Eı_«◊bTˆ Eı„Ã[˝* %]«Eı Â_ÁEı %Á]ÁÃ[˝ `ÁÃ[˝›◊Ã[˝Eı [˝Á ]ÁX◊aEı Â\ˆÁ„GÃ[˝
aÁ]G–›, %Á]ÁÃ[˝ \ˆÁ_ _Á„G, TˆÁc˜Á„EıcÕ ªJÙÁcÕ, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ◊[˝Ã[˝„c˜ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ Êzı` c˜Ã^, cÕc˜Á
%£à˘ ÊY“], `Ã[˝›Ã[˝ C Y“ÁS ◊ªJÙw¯„Eı Eı_«◊bTˆ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ◊X∂ˆÇÔ_ ÊY“]„Eı ◊[˝E ıTˆ
Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜* [˝«◊à˘C ÂacÕ %£à˘TˆÁÃ[˝ Zı„_ }Á‹ôˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á [˝„_, %]«Eı %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ÿóˆ›,
\ˆÁcÕ, \ˆG¬›, aFÁ, %Á±¡›Ã^, ◊]y, TˆÁc˜Á„EıcÕ \ˆÁ_[˝Á◊a„Tˆ c˜Ã^, ÂacÕ ÊY“] Y«SÓ]Ã^,
ÂacÕ ÊY“„]Ã[˝ Y“◊TÊ…ı_ EıÁ^ÔÓ ^◊V Eı◊Ã[˝, TˆÁc˜Á YÁY, y…‘Ã[˝TˆÁ, %W˝∂ˆÇÔ* AcÕÃ[˝÷Y
%£à˘ ÊY“„]Ã[˝ Zı„_ A]X [˝_[˝Tˆ› E ıYÁ c˜Ã^ Â^ ◊Y“Ã^L„XÃ[˝ EırÙ, ◊Y“Ã^L„XÃ[˝
%◊XrÙ %„Yl˘Á W˝∂ˆÇÔ„Eı L_Át◊_ ÂVCÃ^ÁC Ê`“Ã^ïıÃ[˝ Â[˝ÁW˝ c˜Ã^, Â`„b AcÕ E ıYÁÃ[˝
=YÃ[˝ %ÁHÁTˆ Y‰QÕˆ [˝◊_Ã^Á W˝∂ˆÇÔ„Eı %W˝∂ˆÇÔ [˝◊_Ã^Á ◊XL ÂVÏ[[˝Ô„_ÓÃ[˝ a]UÔX Eı◊Ã[˝*
AcÕÃ[˝÷Y È[˝b’[˝› ]ÁÃ^ÁÃ[˝ Y“]ÁS %#«¤„XÃ[˝ Y“„TˆÓEı EıUÁÃ^ YÁCÃ^Á ^ÁÃ^*
È[˝b’[˝› ]ÁÃ^ÁÃ[˝ l«˘V–TˆÁ

%#«¤„XÃ[˝ Y“U] EıUÁ, cÕc˜ÁÃ[˝Á %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ÿëˆLX, %Á±¡›Ã^, \ˆÁ_[˝ÁaÁÃ[˝ YÁy,
TgˆÁc˜Á◊VG„Eı ^«„à˘ c˜TˆÓÁ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ◊Eı ◊c˜Tˆ aÁ◊W˝Tˆ c˜cÕ„[˝? ◊[˝„LTˆÁÃ[˝ G[[˝Ô,
Ã[˝ÁLÁÃ[˝ ÂGÏÃ[˝[˝, W˝X›Ã[˝ a«F? %Á◊] AcÕ aEı_ `…XÓ ÿëˆÁUÔ ªJÙÁcÕ XÁ* Â_Á„EıÃ[˝ Ã[˝ÁLÓ,
Â\ˆÁG, L›[˝X ◊Y“Ã^ c˜Ã^ ÂEıX? ÿóˆ›, Y«y, EıXÓÁ %Á‰ªK˜X [˝◊_Ã^Á, %Á±¡›Ã^ÿëˆLX„Eı
a«„F Ã[˝Á◊F„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝[˝ [˝◊_Ã^Á, [˝µ˘«-[˝Áµ˘„[˝Ã[˝ a◊c˜Tˆ B`ü„^ÔÓÃ[˝ a«„F C %Á„]Á„V ◊VX
EıÁªRÙOÁcÕ„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝[˝ [˝◊_Ã^Á AcÕ aEı_ a«F C ]c˜√º¯ Â_Á„\ˆÃ[˝ ◊[˝bÃ^* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ^gÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝
LXÓ %Á]Ã[˝Á Ã[˝ÁLÓ Â\ˆÁG C a«F ªJÙÁcÕ, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ÁcÕ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ `y” c˜cÕÃ^Á ^«„à˘
=Y◊ÿöˆTˆ* TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á %Á]Á◊VG„Eı [˝Ã[˝e [˝W˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ Y“ÿô«ˆTˆ TÛÁ◊Y %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ a◊c˜Tˆ
Ã[˝ÁLÓ C a«F AEıy Â\ˆÁG Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ a∂ˆÇTˆ XX* %Á]Á„Eı [˝W˝ EıÃ[˝”X, %Á◊] ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ
TgˆÁc˜Á◊VG„Eı EıFX [˝W˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝[˝ XÁ* ^◊V TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ c˜TˆÓÁÃ^ ◊≈y„_ÁEıÃ[˝ÁLÓ
%◊W˝EıÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝TˆÁ], TˆÁc˜Á c˜cÕ„_C YÁ◊Ã[˝TˆÁ] XÁ, Y ◊U[˝›Ã[˝ %aY±Ûˆ aÁ∂ÉˆÁLÓ ◊Eı
ªK˜ÁÃ[˝! ÿöˆ…_V`fi Â_ÁEı ---
""X EıÁ„Il˘ ◊[˝LÃê E ıb’ X ªJÙ Ã[˝ÁLÓe a«FÁ◊X ªJÙ*''
A[˝e
""ATˆÁ~ c˜‹ô«ˆ◊]¨K˜Á◊] H¬„TˆÁı˜◊Y ]W˝«a…VX**
%◊Y Ëy„_ÁEıÓÃ[˝ÁLÓaÓ Âc˜„TˆÁf ◊Eıe X« ]c˜›E ı„Tˆ*''
AcÕ =◊N˛„Tˆ Â]Á◊c˜Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á [˝„_X, ""%„c˜Á! %#«¤„XÃ[˝ ◊Eı ]c˜ÁXÀ =VÁÃ[˝ ◊XfÿëˆÁUÔ
ÊY“]]Ã^ \ˆÁ[˝* Ã[˝”◊W˝Ã[˝ÁN˛ Â\ˆÁG C a«F %„Yl˘Á YÃ[˝ÁLÃ^, ]Ã[˝S, ◊ªJÙÃ[˝V«fF TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝
[˝Ás˙X›Ã^*'' ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ^◊V %#«¤„XÃ[˝ ]„XÃ[˝ \ˆÁ[˝ YÃ[˝›l˘Á Eı◊Ã[˝, %Á]Ã[˝Á [˝«◊Mı„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝
Â^ %#«¤„XÃ[˝ \ˆÁ[˝ %◊Tˆ l«˘V–, V«[[˝Ô_TˆÁ-Y“EıÁÈı, zı›„[˝Á◊ªJÙTˆ* E«ı„_Ã[˝ ◊c˜TˆÁ„UÔ [˝Á
◊Y“Ã^L„XÃ[˝ ÊY“„], E ıYÁÃ[˝ [˝„`, Ã[˝N˛YÁ„TˆÃ[˝ \ˆ„Ã^ [˝Ó◊N˛GTˆ ÿëˆÁUÔ TˆÓÁG EıÃ[˝Á
%XÁ„^ÔÓÃ[˝ Y„l˘ ]c˜d =VÁÃ[˝ \ˆÁ[˝ c˜cÕ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝, %Á„^ÔÓÃ[˝ Y„l˘ TˆÁc˜Á ]W˝Ó] \ˆÁ[˝,
W˝∂ˆÇÔ C \ˆG[˝dY“›◊TˆÃ[˝ LXÓ ÿëˆÁUÔTˆÓÁG EıÃ[˝ÁcÕ =w¯]\ˆÁ[˝* %YÃ[˝ Y„l˘ E«ı„_Ã[˝
◊c˜TˆÁ„UÔ, ◊Y“Ã^L„XÃ[˝ ÊY“„], E ıYÁÃ[˝ [˝„`, Ã[˝N˛YÁ„TˆÃ[˝ \ˆ„Ã^ W˝∂ˆÇÔ Y◊Ã[˝TˆÓÁG EıÃ[˝Á
%W˝] \ˆÁ[˝* W˝∂ˆÇÔ C \ˆG[˝dY“›◊TˆÃ[˝ LXÓ Âÿoˆc˜, E ıYÁ C \ˆÃ^ V]X EıÃ[˝Á Y“E ıTˆ
%Á^ÔÓ\ˆÁ[˝* AcÕ l«˘V–\ˆÁ„[˝Ã[˝ a]UÔXÁUÔ %#«¤X ÿëˆLXc˜TˆÓÁÃ[˝ YÁY ÂVFÁcÕÃ^Á %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝
[˝◊_„_X, ""W˝ÁwÔ¯Ã[˝Ár—Ù„VÃ[˝ [˝„W˝ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ◊Eı a«F, ◊Eı ]Xÿô«ˆ◊rÙ c˜cÕ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝? TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á
%Á]Á„VÃ[˝ [˝µ«˘-[˝Áµ˘[˝, %Á±¡›Ã^-ÿëˆLX, ^◊VC %XÓÁÃ^ Eı„Ã[˝X C %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ `y”TˆÁ
Eı„Ã[˝X, Ã[˝ÁLÓ %Yc˜Ã[˝S Eı„Ã[˝X, aTˆÓ\ˆÜ Eı„Ã[˝X, TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ [˝„W˝ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ YÁYcÕ
c˜cÕ„[˝, a«F c˜cÕ„[˝ XÁ*'' %#«¤X \«ˆ◊_Ã^Á ◊GÃ^Á◊ªK˜„_X Â^, ◊Tˆ◊X W˝∂ˆÇÔ^«à˘ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜X,
◊XL a«„FÃ[˝ LXÓ [˝Á ^«◊W˝◊úˆ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ a«„FÃ[˝ LXÓ `“›E ıb’ •ÁÃ[˝Á W˝ÁwÔ¯Ã[˝Ár—Ù[˝„W˝ ◊X^«N˛
c˜X XÁcÕ, W˝∂ˆÇÔÿöˆÁYX, %W˝∂ˆÇÔXÁ`, l˘◊≈yÃ^W˝∂ˆÇÔ YÁ_X, \ˆÁÃ[˝„Tˆ W˝∂ˆÇÔY“◊Tˆ◊úˆTˆ AEı
]c˜d aÁ∂ÉˆÁLÓ ÿöˆÁYX AcÕ ^«„à˘[Ã ˝ =„Å`Ó* a]ÿôˆ a«F„Eı L_Át◊_ ◊VÃ^Á L›[˝X[˝ÓÁY›
V«fF C ^‹óˆSÁ ac˜Ó Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^ÁC AcÕ =„Å`Ó◊a◊à˘ %#«¤„XÃ[˝ EıwÔ¯[˝Ó*
E«ı_XÁ„`Ã[˝ EıUÁ
◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ÿëˆ›Ã^ V«[[˝Ô_TˆÁÃ[˝ a]UÔ„X %#«¤X %ÁÃ[˝ AEı =¨JÙTˆÃ[˝ ^«◊N˛ %Á◊[˝õıÁÃ[˝
Eı◊Ã[˝„_X, AcÕ ^«„à˘ E«ı_XÁ` C LÁ◊TˆXÁ` c˜cÕ„[˝, %TÂ[˝ AcÕ ^«à˘ W˝∂ˆÇÔ^«à˘ X„c˜,
%W˝∂ˆÇÔ^«à˘* AcÕ }ÁT ˆc˜TˆÓÁÃ^ ◊]y‰V–Ác˜, %UÔÁd ^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á ÿëˆ\ˆÁ[˝Tˆf %X«E…ı_ C ac˜ÁÃ^,
TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ %◊XrÙ EıÃ[˝Á c˜Ã^, =YÃ[˝‹ô«ˆ ÿëˆ›Ã^ E«ı_ %UÔÁd Â^ E«ıÃ[˝”XÁ]Eı l˘◊≈yÃ^ [˝e`
C LÁ◊Tˆ„Tˆ =\ˆÃ^ Y„l˘Ã[˝ LXΩ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ◊[˝XÁ` aÁ◊W˝Tˆ c˜Ã^* Y“ÁªJÙ›X EıÁ„_
LÁ◊Tˆ Y“ÁÃ^cÕ Ã[˝„N˛Ã[˝ a∂ëˆ„µ˘Ã[˝ =YÃ[˝ Y“◊Tˆ◊úˆTˆ ◊ªK˜_* AEı ]c˜ÁXÀ E«ı_ ◊[˝ÿôˆÁÃ[˝
YÁcÕÃ^Á LÁ◊Tˆ„Tˆ Y◊Ã[˝STˆ c˜cÕTˆ, Â^]X Â\ˆÁL[˝e`, E«ıÃ[˝”[˝e` cÕTˆÓÁ◊V \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ-LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝
%‹ôˆGÔTˆ E«ı_◊[˝„`b AEı-AEıªRÙO› [˝_`Á_› LÁ◊Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜_* E«ı„_Ã[˝ ]„W˝Ó Â^
%‹ôˆ◊[˝Ô„Ã[˝ÁW˝ C YÃ[˝&„Ã[˝Ã[˝ %◊XrÙEıÃ[˝S TˆÁc˜Á„EıcÕ %#«¤X ◊]y‰V–Ác˜ XÁ„] %◊\ˆ◊c˜Tˆ
Eı◊Ã[˝„_X* A„Eı AcÕ ◊]y‰V–Ác˜ ÈX◊TÊı ◊cãÁ„[˝ ]c˜ÁYÁY, TˆÁc˜Á„Tˆ %UÔX›◊TÊı
◊cãÁ„[˝ AcÕ ]c˜ÁXÀ ÂVÁb ◊]y‰V–Á„c˜ a◊~◊[˝rÙ Â^ E«ı_l˘Ã^ TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ %[˝`ÓêˆÁ[˝› Zı_*
aXÁTˆX E«ı_W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ a]ÓEÀı YÁ_X E«ı„_Ã[˝ =~◊TˆÃ[˝ C %[˝◊ÿöˆ◊TˆÃ[˝ EıÁÃ[˝S, Â^ ]c˜d
%ÁV`Ô C Eı∂ˆÇÔ` Ö_Á GÁc˜¤ÿöˆÓL›[˝„X C Ã[˝ÁLX›◊TÊı Âl˘‰y ◊YT ˆY«Ã[˝”bGS ÿöˆÁ◊YTˆ
C Ã[˝◊l˘Tˆ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á %Á◊a„Tˆ‰ªK˜X, ÂacÕ %ÁV„`ÔÃ[˝ c˜Á◊X [˝Á ` Ö_ÁÃ[˝ ◊`◊U_›EıÃ[˝S
c˜cÕ„_ E«ı„_Ã[˝ %W˝fYTˆX c˜Ã^* E«ı_ ^Tˆ◊VX ÂaÏ\ˆÁGÓ[˝ÁX C [˝_`Á_› c˜cÕÃ^Á
UÁ„Eı, TˆTˆ◊VX AcÕ %ÁV`Ô C Eı∂ˆÇÔ` Ö_Á Ã[˝◊l˘Tˆ c˜Ã^, E«ı_ l˘›S C V«[[˝Ô_ c˜cÕÃ^Á
Y◊QÕˆ„_ Tˆ„]Á\ˆÁ„[˝Ã[˝ Y“aÁÃ[˝„S ]c˜ÁXÀ W˝„∂ˆÇÔ ◊`◊U_TˆÁ c˜Ã^, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Zı„_ %Ã[˝ÁLEıTˆÁ,
V«Xfi≈◊Tˆ cÕTˆÓÁ◊V ÂVÁb E«ı„_ Y“◊[˝rÙ c˜Ã^, E«ı„_Ã[˝ ]◊c˜_ÁGS V«∏JÙ◊Ã[˝yÁ c˜Ã^ A[˝e E«ı„_Ã[˝
Y◊[˝yTˆÁ XrÙ c˜Ã^, X›ªJÙLÁTˆ›Ã^ C X›ªJÙªJÙ◊Ã[˝y◊[˝◊`rÙ Â_Á„EıÃ[˝ DÃ[˝„a ]c˜ÁXÀ E«ı„_
Y«‰yÁdYÁVX c˜Ã^* TˆÁc˜Á„Tˆ ◊YT ˆY«Ã[˝”„bÃ[˝ Y“E ıTˆ a‹ôˆ◊Tˆ‰¨K˜„V E«ı_c˜‹ôˆÁ„VÃ[˝ XÃ[˝Eı-
Y“Á◊ä c˜Ã^ A[˝e %W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ Y“aÁ„Ã[˝, [˝SÔa·¯Ã[˝aê…ˆTˆ ÈX◊TÊı %„W˝ÁG◊Tˆ C X›ªJÙ m„SÃ[˝
◊[˝ÿôˆÁ„Ã[˝ A[˝e %Ã[˝ÁLEıTˆÁ Y“\ ˆ◊Tˆ ÂVÁ„b a]ÿôˆ E«ı_C ◊[˝XÁ`Y“Áä c˜Ã^ A[˝e
XÃ[˝EıYÁ“ ◊äÃ[˝ Â^ÁGÓ c˜^Ã * LÁ◊TˆW˝∂ˆÇÔ C E«ı_W˝∂ˆÇÔ =\ˆ^Ã cÕ E«ı_XÁ„` XrÙ c˜^Ã * LÁ◊TˆW˝∂ˆÇÔ
%UÔÁd a]ÿôˆ E«ı_a]◊rÙ„Tˆ Â^ ]c˜ÁXÀ LÁ◊Tˆ c˜Ã^, ÂacÕ LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ Y«Ã[˝”bYÃ[˝+Ã[˝ÁÃ^
%ÁGTˆ aXÁTˆX %ÁV`Ô C Eı∂ˆÇÔ` Ö_Á* TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Y„Ã[˝ %#«¤X %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Y“U]
◊aà˘Á‹ôˆ C EıwÔ¯[˝Ó-Eı∂ˆÇÔ◊[˝bÃÊı ◊X∏JÙÃ^ p˚ÁYX Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ^«„à˘Ã[˝ a]„Ã^cÕ GÁâ¯›[˝
Y◊Ã[˝TˆÓÁG Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á Ã[˝„U [˝◊aÃ^Á Y◊QÕˆ„_X* Eı◊[˝ AcÕ %W˝ÓÁ„Ã^Ã[˝ Â`b Ê`¿Á„Eı cÕ◊ÜTˆ
Eı◊Ã[˝^Ã Á LÁXÁc˜„O _X Â^, Â`Á„Eı TgˆÁc˜Á[Ã ˝ [˝◊« à˘◊[˝}ÁªRÙO c˜c˜^ÃO Á◊ªK˜_ [˝◊_Ã^Á %#«X¤ Ac˜[ÃO ˝÷Y
l˘◊≈y„Ã^Ã[˝ %X«◊ªJÙTˆ %XÁ^ÔÓ %ÁªJÙÃ[˝„S E ıTâ·¯î c˜cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜„_X*

◊[˝VÓÁ C %◊[˝VÓÁ
%Á]Ã[˝Á %#«¤„XÃ[˝ E«ı_XÁ`◊[˝bÃÊı EıUÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó AEıªRÙO› %◊Tˆ [˝ c˜d C =~Tˆ
\ˆÁ„[˝Ã[˝ ªK˜ÁÃ^Á ÂV◊F„Tˆ YÁcÕ, AcÕ \ˆÁ„[˝Ã[˝ a◊c˜Tˆ Â^ mÃ[˝”TˆÃ[˝ Y“`¬ ae◊`¿rÙ, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝
%Á„_ÁªJÙXÁ G›TˆÁÃ[˝ [˝ÓÁFÓÁEıwÔ¯ÁÃ[˝ Y„l˘ %◊Tˆ`Ã^ Y“„Ã^ÁLX›Ã^* %UªJÙ %Á]Ã[˝Á ^◊V
ÂEı[˝_ G›TˆÁÃ[˝ %ÁW˝ÓÁ◊≈±¡Eı %UÔ %„XübS Eı◊Ã[˝, %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ LÁTˆ›Ã^, GÁc˜¤ÿöˆÓ C
[˝Ó◊N˛GTˆ aÁeaÁ◊Ã[˝Eı Eı∂ˆÇÔ C %ÁV`Ô c˜cÕ„Tˆ G›„TˆÁN˛ W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ a+…SÔ ◊[˝‰¨K˜V Eı◊Ã[˝,
ÂacÕ \ˆÁ[˝ C ÂacÕ Y“‰`¬Ã[˝ ]c˜√º¯ C Y“„Ã^ÁLX›Ã^TˆÁ %ÿëˆ›EıÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ A[˝e G›„TˆÁN˛
W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ a[[˝Ô[˝ÓÁY› ◊[˝ÿôˆÁÃ[˝ a·«¯◊ªJÙTˆ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝* `·¯Ã[˝ Y“\ ˆ◊Tˆ ^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á G›TˆÁÃ[˝ [˝ÓÁFÓÁ
Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á aeaÁÃ[˝YÃ[˝Á´¡«F VÁ`Ô◊XEı %W˝ÓÁ±¡◊[˝VÓÁYÃ[˝ÁÃ^S p˚ÁX› [˝Á \ˆN˛
◊ªK˜„_X, G›TˆÁÃ^ TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ Y“„Ã^ÁLX›Ã^ p˚ÁX [˝Á \ˆÁ[˝ Fg«◊LÃ^Á ^Ác˜Á Y“„Ã^ÁLX›Ã^,
TˆÁc˜ÁcÕ _Á\ˆ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á a‹ô«ˆrÙ c˜cÕ„_X* ^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á AEı %ÁW˝Á„Ã[˝ p˚ÁX›, \ˆN˛ C Eı∂ˆÇfi
TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ÁcÕ G›TˆÁÃ[˝ G…ªRÕÙTˆ] ◊`l˘ÁÃ[˝ %◊W˝EıÁÃ[˝›* G›TˆÁÃ[˝ [˝N˛Á `“›E ıb’ p˚ÁX› C Eı∂ˆÇfi
◊ªK˜„_X, G›TˆÁÃ[˝ YÁy %#«¤X \ˆN˛ C Eı∂ˆÇfi ◊ªK˜„_X, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ p˚ÁXªJÙl«˘ =XΩ›_„XÃ[˝
LXÓ E«ıÃ[˝”„l˘‰y `“›E ıb’ AcÕ ◊`l˘Á Y“ªJÙÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„_X* AEıªRÙO› ]c˜d Ã[˝ÁLX›◊TÊı
aeHbÔ G›TˆÁY“Jª ÙÁ„Ã[˝[Ã ˝ EıÁ[Ã ˝S, ÂacÕ aeH„bÔ %#«X¤ „Eı ]c˜d [Ã ˝ÁLX›◊TÊı =„Å`Ó◊a◊à˘[Ã ˝
^‹óˆ C ◊X◊]w¯Ã[˝÷„Y ^«„à˘ Y“[˝ w¯ EıÃ[˝Á G›TˆÁÃ[˝ =„Å`Ó, ^«à˘„l˘ycÕ ◊`l˘Áÿöˆ_*
`“›E ıb’ Ê`“úˆ Ã[˝ÁLX›◊Tˆ◊[˝VÀ C Â^Áà˘Á, W˝∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ÁLÓ aeÿöˆÁYX TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ L›[˝„XÃ[˝ Y“W˝ÁX
=„Å`Ó, %#«¤XC l˘◊≈yÃ^ Ã[˝ÁLE«ı]ÁÃ[˝, Ã[˝ÁLX›◊Tˆ C ^«à˘ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ÿëˆ\ˆÁ[˝◊XÃ^Tˆ
Eı∂ˆÇÔ* G›TˆÁÃ[˝ =„Å`Ó [˝ÁV ◊VÃ^Á, G›TˆÁÃ[˝ [˝N˛Á, YÁy C Y“ªJÙÁ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ EıÁÃ[˝S [˝ÁV ◊VÃ^Á
G›TˆÁÃ[˝ [˝ÓÁFÓÁ EıÃ[˝Á ªJÙ◊_„[˝ ÂEıX?
]ÁX[˝-aeaÁ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ YgÁªJÙªRÙO› ]«FÓ Y“◊TˆúˆÁ ◊ªJÙÃ[˝EıÁ_ [˝wÔ¯]ÁX --- [˝Ó◊N˛, Y◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝,
[˝e`, LÁ◊Tˆ, ]ÁX[˝a]◊rÙ* AcÕ YgÁªJÙªRÙO› Y“◊TˆúˆÁÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ W˝∂ˆÇÔC Y“◊Tˆ◊úˆTˆ* W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝
=„Å`Ó \ˆG[˝dY“Á◊ä* \ˆG[˝dY“Á◊äÃ[˝ V«cÕ ]ÁGÔ, ◊[˝VÓÁ„Eı %ÁÃ^w¯ Eı[Ã ˝Á A[˝e %◊[˝VÓÁ„Eı
%ÁÃ^w¯ EıÃ[˝Á, V«ªRÙO›„TˆcÕ %Á±¡p˚ÁX C \ˆG[˝Å`ÔX =YÁÃ^* ◊[˝VÓÁÃ[˝ ]ÁGÔ [˝–„°˘Ã[˝
%◊\ˆ[˝Ó◊N˛ %◊[˝VÓÁ]Ã^ Y“Yá˚ Y◊Ã[˝TˆÓÁG Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á a◊¨JÙVÁX≥V _Á\ˆ [˝Á YÃ[˝[˝–„°˘
_Ã^* %◊[˝VÓÁÃ[˝ ]ÁGÔ a[[˝Ôy %Á±¡Á C \ˆG[˝ÁX„Eı V`ÔX Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á p˚ÁX]Ã^ ]Ü_]Ã^
`◊N˛]Ã^ YÃ[˝„]`üÃ[˝„Eı [˝µ«˘, Y“\«ˆ, mÃ[˝”, ◊YTˆÁ, ]ÁTˆÁ, Y«y, EıXÓÁ, VÁa, ÊY“◊]Eı,
Y◊Tˆ, Y±Ûˆ›Ã[˝÷„Y Y“Áä c˜CÃ^Á* `Á◊‹ôˆ ◊[˝VÓÁÃ[˝ =„Å`Ó, ÊY“] %◊[˝VÓÁÃ[˝ =„Å`Ó*
◊Eı‹ô«ˆ \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ Y“E ı◊Tˆ ◊[˝VÓÁ◊[˝VÓÁ]Ã^›* %Á]Ã[˝Á ^◊V ÂEı[˝_ ◊[˝VÓÁÃ[˝ ]ÁGÔ %X«aÃ[˝S
Eı◊[Ã ˝ ◊[˝VÓÁ]Ã^ [˝°– ˘ _Á\ˆ Eı◊[Ã ˝[˝, ^◊V ÂEı[˝_ %◊[˝VÓÁÃ[˝ ]ÁGÔ %X«a[Ã ˝S Eı◊[Ã ˝ %◊[˝VÓÁ]Ã^
[˝°– ˘ _Á\ˆ Eı◊[Ã ˝[˝* ◊[˝VÓÁ C %◊[˝VÓÁ V«c˜ªORÙ›O „EıcÕ ◊^◊X %ÁÃ^w¯ Eı◊[Ã ˝„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝X, ◊Tˆ◊XcÕ
a+…SÔ\ˆÁ„[˝ [˝Áa«„V[˝„Eı _Á\ˆ Eı„Ã[˝X; ◊Tˆ◊X ◊[˝VÓÁ C %◊[˝VÓÁÃ[˝ %Tˆ›Tˆ* ^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á
◊[˝VÓÁÃ[˝ Â`b _l˘Ó Y^ÔÓ‹ôˆ ÂYgÏ◊ªK˜Ã^Á‰ªK˜X, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á ◊[˝VÓÁÃ[˝ aÁc˜Á„^Ó %◊[˝VÓÁ„Eı %ÁÃ^w¯
Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X* <`Á =Y◊Xb„V AcÕ ]c˜ÁXÀ aTˆÓ %◊Tˆ &rÙ\ˆÁ„[˝ [˝ÓN˛ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜,
ÛÁ ---
%µ˘e Tˆ]f Y“◊[˝`◊‹ôˆ Â^ı˜◊[˝VÓÁ]«YÁa„Tˆ*
Tˆ„TˆÁ \…ˆÃ^ cÕ[˝ ÂTˆ Tˆ„]Á ^ = ◊[˝VÓÁÃ^Áe Ã[˝TˆÁf**
%XÓ„V[˝Áß◊[[˝ÔVÓÃ^Áõ˜XÓVÁßÃ[˝◊[˝VÓÃ^Á*
cÕ◊Tˆ £`“”] W˝›Ã[˝ÁSÁe Â^ Xÿôˆ◊•¨JÙ◊l˘„Ã[˝**
◊[˝VÓÁá˚Á◊[˝VÓÁá˚ ^ÿôˆ„•„VÁ\ˆÃê ac˜*
%◊[˝VÓÃ^Á ] T«ˆÓe Tˆ›±ºÔˆÁ ◊[˝VÓÃ^Á] Tˆ]`¬«„Tˆ**
""^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á %◊[˝VÓÁÃ[˝ =YÁaEı c˜X, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á %µ˘ %p˚ÁXÃ[˝÷Y Tˆ]f ]„W˝Ó Y“„[˝`
Eı„[Ã ˝X** Â^ W˝›[Ã ˝ p˚ÁX›GS %Á]Á◊V„GÃ[˝ ◊XEıªRÙO [˝°– ˘p˚ÁX Y“Jª ÙÁ[Ã ˝ Eı◊Ã[˝^Ã Á‰ªK˜X, TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝
]«„F £◊XÃ^Á◊ªK˜ Â^ ◊[˝VÓÁÃ[˝C Zı_ %Á‰ªK˜, %◊[˝VÓÁÃ[˝C Zı_ %Á‰ªK˜, ÂacÕ V«cÕ Zı_
ÿëˆTˆ‹óˆ* ◊^◊X ◊[˝VÓÁ C %◊[˝VÓÁ =\ˆÃ^cÕ p˚Á„X %ÁÃ^w¯ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X, ◊Tˆ◊XcÕ
%◊[˝VÓÁ •ÁÃ[˝Á ] T«ˆÓ„Eı %◊Tˆy‘] Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ◊[˝VÓÁ •ÁÃ[˝Á %] Tˆ]Ã^ Y«Ã[˝”„bÁw¯„]Ã[˝ %ÁX≥V
Â\ˆÁG Eı„Ã[˝X*''
a]ÿôˆ ]ÁX[˝LÁ◊Tˆ %◊[˝VÓÁ Â\ˆÁG Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ◊[˝VÓÁÃ[˝ ◊V„Eı %G–aÃ[˝ c˜cÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜X,
cÕc˜ÁcÕ Y“E ıTˆ y‘]◊[˝EıÁ`* ^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á Ê`“úˆ, aÁW˝Eı, Â^ÁG›, p˚ÁX›, \ˆN˛, Eı∂ˆÇÔ„^ÁG›,
TgˆÁc˜Á[Ã ˝Á AcÕ ]c˜d %◊\ˆ^Á„XÃ[˝ %G–GÁ]› ÈaXÓ, V…[Ã ˝ G‹ôˆ[˝ÓÿöˆÁ„X ◊l˘YG“ ◊Tˆ„Tˆ ÂYgÏ◊ªK˜^Ã Á
◊Zı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á %Á„aX C ]ÁX[˝LÁ◊Tˆ„Eı a«ae[˝ÁV `“[˝S EıÃ[˝ÁX, YU Y“V`ÔX Eı„Ã[˝X,
`◊N˛ ◊[˝TˆÃ[˝S Eı„Ã[˝X* \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ %[˝TˆÁÃ[˝ C ◊[˝\…ˆ◊Tˆ %Á◊aÃ^Á YU a«G] Eı„Ã[˝X,
* ÂEıÁX %p˚ÁTˆ EıÁÃ[˝„S =à ˘Tˆ Ê`¿Á„EıÃ[˝ ◊•Tˆ›Ã^ YIÀ¯◊N˛Ã[˝ [˝ÜÁX«[˝ÁV AFÁ„X XÁcÕ* `“›%Ã[˝◊[˝„≥VÃ[˝
cÕeÃ[˝ÁL› The Upanishads G–„‹öˆ AcÕ YIÀ¯◊N˛◊ªRÙOÃ[˝ cÕeÃ[˝ÁL› %X«[˝ÁV %Á‰ªK˜* ÂaFÁX c˜„Tˆ YIÀ¯◊N˛◊ªRÙO
[˝Áe_ÁÃ^ %X…◊VTˆ c˜_: ""^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á ÂEı[˝_ ◊[˝VÓÁÃ[˝ =YÁaEı c˜X, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á Â^X %◊W˝EıTˆÃ[˝ Tˆ]f ]„W˝Ó
Y“„[˝` Eı„Ã[˝X*'' -- a
%X«E…ı_ %[˝ÿöˆÁ a ◊rÙ Eı„Ã[˝X, [˝ÁW˝Á ◊[˝XÁ` Eı„Ã[˝X* %◊[˝VÓÁÃ^ ◊[˝VÓÁ, Â\ˆÁ„G TˆÓÁG,
aeaÁ„Ã[˝ a~ÓÁa, %Á±¡ÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó a[[˝Ô\…ˆTˆ, a[[˝Ô\…ˆ„TˆÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó %Á±¡Á, \ˆG[˝Á„X LGd,
LG„Tˆ \ˆG[˝ÁX, AcÕ =Y_◊ç˘ %Áa_ p˚ÁX, c˜cO ˜ÁcÕ ]ÁX[˝LÁ◊Tˆ[Ã ˝ G‹ôˆ[˝ÓÿöˆÁ„X G]„XÃ[˝
◊X◊Å¤rÙ YU* %Á±¡p˚Á„XÃ[˝ a·¯›SÔTˆÁ =~◊Tˆ[Ã ˝ Y“W˝ÁX %‹ôˆ[Ã ˝Á^Ã , ÂVc˜Á±¡Eı„[˝ÁW˝, ÿëˆÁUÔ„[˝ÁW˝,
ÂacÕ a·¯›SÔTˆÁ[Ã ˝ ]…_ EıÁÃ[˝S, %TÂ[˝ YÃ[˝„Eı %Á±¡[˝d ÂVFÁ =~◊Tˆ[Ã ˝ Y“U] ÂaÁYÁX*
]X«bÓ Y“U] [˝Ó◊N˛ _cÕÃ^Á UÁ„Eı, ◊XL [˝Ó◊N˛GTˆ `ÁÃ[˝›◊Ã[˝Eı C ]ÁX◊aEı =~◊Tˆ,
Â\ˆÁG C `◊N˛◊[˝EıÁ„` Ã[˝Tˆ UÁ„Eı* %Á◊] ÂVc˜, %Á◊] ]X, %Á◊] Y“ÁS, ÂV„c˜Ã[˝
[˝_, a«F, ÂaÏ≥V^ÔÓ, ]„XÃ[˝ ◊l˘Y“TˆÁ, %ÁX≥V, ÿëˆ¨K˜TˆÁ, Y“Á„SÃ[˝ ÂTˆL, Â\ˆÁG, Y“Z«ı{TˆÁ
L›[˝„XÃ[˝ =„Å`Ó C =~◊TˆÃ[˝ ªJÙÃ[˝]Á[˝ÿöˆÁ, ]X«„bÓÃ[˝ AcÕ Y“U] [˝Á %Áa«◊Ã[˝Eı p˚ÁX*
cÕc˜ÁÃ[˝C Y“„Ã^ÁLX %Á‰ªK˜; ÂVc˜, ]X, Y“Á„SÃ[˝ ◊[˝EıÁ` C Y◊Ã[˝Y…SÔTˆÁ Y“U] aÁW˝X
Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ YÃ[˝ ÂacÕ Y…SÔ◊[˝Eı◊`Tˆ `◊N˛ Y„Ã[˝Ã[˝ Âa[˝ÁÃ^ Y“„Ã^ÁG EıÃ[˝Á =◊ªJÙTˆ*
ÂacÕLXÓ %Áa«◊Ã[˝Eı `◊N˛◊[˝EıÁ` ]ÁX[˝LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ a\ˆÓTˆÁÃ[˝ Y“U] %[˝ÿöˆÁ; Y£, ^l˘,
Ã[˝Ál˘a, %a«Ã[˝, ◊Y`ÁªJÙ Y^ÔÓ‹ôˆ ]X«„bÓÃ[˝ ]„X, Eı„∂ˆÇÔ, ªJÙ◊Ã[˝‰y _›_Á Eı„Ã[˝, ◊[˝EıÁ`
YÁÃ^* TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ YÃ[˝ ]X«bÓ %Á±¡p˚ÁX ◊[˝ÿôˆÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á YÃ[˝„Eı %Á±¡[˝d ÂV◊F„Tˆ %ÁÃ[˝êˆ
Eı„Ã[˝, YÃ[˝Á„UÔ ÿëˆÁUÔ Q«ˆ[˝ÁcÕ„Tˆ ◊`„F* Y“U] Y◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝„EıcÕ %Á±¡[˝d ÂV„F, ÿóˆ›-
a‹ôˆÁ„XÃ[˝ Y“ÁSÃ[˝l˘ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ Y“ÁSTˆÓÁG Eı„Ã[˝, ÿóˆ›-a‹ôˆÁ„XÃ[˝ a«„FÃ[˝ LXÓ ◊XL a«F„Eı
L_Át◊_ ÂVÃ^* TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Y„Ã[˝ [˝e` [˝Á E«ı_„Eı %Á±¡[˝d ÂV„F, E«ı_Ã[˝l˘ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ
Y“ÁSTˆÓÁG Eı„Ã[˝, ◊X„L„Eı, ÿóˆ›-a‹ôˆÁX„Eı [˝◊_ ÂVÃ^, E«ı„_Ã[˝ a«F, ÂGÏÃ[˝[˝ C [˝ ◊à˘Ã[˝
LXÓ ◊X„LÃ[˝ C ÿóˆ›-a‹ôˆÁ„XÃ[˝ a«F„Eı L_Át◊_ ÂVÃ^* TˆÁc˜Á[Ã ˝ Y„Ã[˝ LÁ◊Tˆ„Eı %Á±¡[˝d
ÂV„F, LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝l˘ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ Y“ÁSTˆÓÁG Eı„Ã[˝, ◊X„L„Eı, ÿóˆ›-a‹ôˆÁX„Eı, E«ı_„Eı [˝◊_
ÂVÃ^, --- Â^]X ◊ªJÙ„TˆÁ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ Ã[˝ÁLY«TÊ«ı_ a]ÿôˆ Ã[˝ÁLY«TˆLÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ Ã[˝l˘Á„UÔ [˝ÁÃ[˝ [˝ÁÃ[˝
Âÿëˆ¨K˜ÁÃ^ [˝◊_ c˜cÕ_, --- LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ a«F, ÂGÏÃ[˝[˝, [˝ ◊à˘Ã[˝ LXÓ ◊X„LÃ[˝, ÿóˆ›-a‹ôˆ ÁX„VÃ[˝,
E«ı„_Ã[˝ a«F, ÂGÏÃ[˝[˝, [˝ ◊à˘„Eı L_Át◊_ ÂVÃ^* TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Y„Ã[˝ a]ÿôˆ ]ÁX[˝LÁ◊Tˆ„Eı
%Á±¡[˝d ÂV„F, ]ÁX[˝LÁ◊Tˆ[Ã ˝ =~◊Tˆ[Ã ˝ LXÓ Y“ÁSTˆÓÁG Eı„Ã[˝, ◊X„L„Eı, ÿóˆ›-a‹ôˆÁX„Eı,
E«ı_„Eı, LÁ◊Tˆ„Eı [˝◊_ ÂVÃ^, --- ]ÁX[˝LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ a«F C =~◊TˆÃ[˝ LXÓ ◊X„LÃ[˝,
ÿóˆ›-a‹ôˆÁX„VÃ[˝, E«ı„_Ã[˝, LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ a«F, ÂGÏÃ[˝[˝ C [˝ ◊à˘„Eı L_Át◊_ ÂVÃ^* AcÕÃ[˝÷Y
YÃ[˝„Eı %Á±¡[˝d ÂVFÁ, Y„Ã[˝Ã[˝ LXÓ ◊X„L„Eı C ◊X„LÃ[˝ a«F„Eı [˝◊_ ÂVCÃ^Á
Â[˝Ïà˘W˝∂ˆÇÔ C Â[˝Ïà˘W˝∂ˆÇÔY“a…Tˆ F–›rÙW˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ Y“W˝ÁX ◊`l˘Á* Ã^«„Ã[˝Á„YÃ[˝ ÈX◊TÊı =~◊Tˆ
AcÕ Y„U %G–aÃ[˝ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜* Y“ÁªJÙ›X Ã^«„Ã[˝ÁY›Ã^GS [˝Ó◊N˛„Eı Y◊Ã[˝[˝Á„Ã[˝ Q«ˆ[˝ÁcÕ„Tˆ,
Y◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝„Eı E«ı„_ Q«ˆ[˝ÁcÕ„Tˆ ◊`◊FÃ^Á◊ªK˜„_X, %ÁW˝«◊XEı Ã^«„Ã[˝ÁY›Ã^GS E«ı_„Eı LÁ◊Tˆ„Tˆ
Q«ˆ[˝ÁcÕ„Tˆ ◊`◊FÃ^Á‰ªK˜X, LÁ◊Tˆ„Eı ]ÁX[˝a]◊rÙ„Tˆ Q«ˆ[˝ÁX AFX TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó Eı◊PˆX

%ÁV`Ô [˝◊_Ã^Á Y“ªJÙÁ◊Ã[˝Tˆ; ªRÙO_rÙÃ^ cÕTˆÓÁ◊V ]X›b›GS A[˝e ÂaÁ`ÓÁ◊_rÙ, AXÁ◊EÔırÙ
cÕTˆÓÁ◊V X[˝ %ÁV„`ÔÃ[˝ %X«„]ÁVEı V_ AcÕ %ÁV`Ô EıÁ„^ÔÓ Y◊Ã[˝STˆ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ
=da«Eı c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜X* AcÕ Y^ÔÓ‹ôˆ Ã^«„Ã[˝Á„YÃ[˝ ÂVÏQÕˆ* TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á %◊[˝VÓÁÃ[˝ =YÁaEı,
Y“E ıTˆ ◊[˝VÓÁ %[˝GTˆ X„c˜X* %µ˘e Tˆ]f Y“◊[˝`◊‹ôˆ Â^ı˜◊[˝VÓÁ]«YÁa„Tˆ*
\ˆÁÃ[˝„Tˆ ◊[˝VÓÁ C %◊[˝VÓÁ =\ˆÃ^cÕ ]X›b›GS %ÁÃ^w¯ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X* TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á
LÁ„XX %◊[˝VÓÁÃ[˝ Yá˚Y“◊TˆúˆÁ ◊\ˆ~ ◊[˝VÓÁÃ[˝ Y“◊TˆúˆÁ \ˆG[˝ÁX %Á‰ªK˜X, TgˆÁc˜Á„Eı XÁ
LÁ◊X„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝„_ %◊[˝VÓÁC p˚ÁTˆ c˜Ã^ XÁ, %ÁÃ^w¯ c˜Ã^ XÁ* %TÂ[˝ ÂEı[˝_ YÃ[˝„Eı
%Á±¡[˝d XÁ ÂV◊FÃ^Á %Á±¡[˝d YÃ[˝„V„c˜b« %UÔÁd ◊X„LÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó C Y„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ]„W˝Ó
a]ÁX\ˆÁ„[˝ \ˆG[˝ÁX„Eı V`ÔX Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X* ◊X„LÃ[˝ =dEıbÔ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝, ◊X„LÃ[˝ =dEı„bÔ
Y◊Ã[˝[˝Á„Ã[˝Ã[˝ =dEıbÔ aÁ◊W˝Tˆ c˜cÕ„[˝; Y◊Ã[˝[˝Á„Ã[˝Ã[˝ =dEıbÔ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝, Y◊Ã[˝[˝Á„Ã[˝Ã[˝ =dEı„bÔ
E«ı„_Ã[˝ =dEıbÔ aÁ◊W˝Tˆ c˜c˜„O [˝; LÁ◊Tˆ[Ã ˝ =dEıbÔ Eı◊[Ã ˝[˝, LÁ◊Tˆ[Ã ˝ =dEı„bÔ ]ÁX[˝LÁ◊Tˆ[Ã ˝
=dEıbÔ aÁ◊W˝Tˆ c˜cÕ„[˝; AcÕ p˚ÁX %Á^ÔÓ aÁ]Á◊LEı [˝Ó[˝ÿöˆÁÃ[˝ C %Á^ÔÓ ◊`l˘ÁÃ[˝ ]…„_
◊X◊c˜Tˆ* [˝Ó◊N˛GTˆ TˆÓÁG %Á„^ÔÓÃ[˝ ]#ÁGTˆ %\ˆÓÁa, Y◊Ã[˝[˝Á„Ã[˝Ã[˝ LXÓ TˆÓÁG, E«ı„_Ã[˝
LXÓ TˆÓÁG, a]Á„LÃ[˝ LXÓ TˆÓÁG, ]ÁX[˝LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ LXÓ TˆÓÁG, \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ LXÓ
TˆÓÁG* %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ◊`l˘ÁÃ^ Â^ ÂVÁb [˝Á X…ÓXTˆÁ _◊l˘Tˆ c˜Ã^, ÂacÕ ÂVÁb Eı„ÃÊıªRÙO›
B◊Tˆc˜Á◊aEı EıÁÃ[˝„SÃ[˝ Zı_, Â^]X, LÁ◊Tˆ„Eı a]Á„LÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó ÂV◊F, a]Á„LÃ[˝ ◊c˜„Tˆ
[˝Ó◊N˛Ã[˝ C Y◊Ã[˝[˝Á„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ◊c˜Tˆ Q«ˆ[˝ÁcÕÃ^Á UÁ◊Eı, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ Ã[˝ÁLX›◊TÊı L›[˝X◊[˝EıÁ`
%Á]Á„VÃ[˝ W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ %‹ôˆGÔTˆ ]«FÓ %Ü [˝◊_Ã^Á G c˜›Tˆ ◊ªK˜_ XÁ* YÁ∏JÙÁTˆÓ c˜cÕ„Tˆ AcÕ
◊`l˘Á %Á]VÁX› Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ c˜c˜_O * %UªJÙ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝C Y“ÁJª Ù›X ◊`l˘Á[Ã ˝ ]„W˝Ó, ]c˜Á\ˆÁ[Ã ˝„Tˆ,
G›TˆÁ^Ã , [Ã ˝ÁLY«TˆÁXÁÃ[˝ c˜◊O Tˆc˜Á„a, [Ã ˝Á]VÁ„aÃ[˝ VÁa„[˝Á„W˝ AcÕ ◊`l˘Á %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ÿëˆ„V„`cÕ
◊ªK˜_* %◊Tˆ◊Ã[˝N˛ ◊[˝VÓÁ-=YÁaXÁÃ^, %◊[˝VÓÁ\ˆ„Ã^ %Á]Ã[˝Á ÂacÕ ◊`l˘Á ◊[˝EıÁ` Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ
YÁ◊Ã[˝ XÁcÕ, ÂacÕ ÂVÁ„b Tˆ]Á◊\ˆ\…ˆTˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á LÁ◊TˆW˝∂ˆÇÔ c˜cÕ„Tˆ ªJ«ÙÓTˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á Eı◊PˆX
VÁa„±ºˆ, V«f„F, %p˚Á„X Y◊QÕˆ_Á], %◊[˝VÓÁC %ÁÃ^w¯ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝ XÁcÕ, ◊[˝VÓÁC
c˜ÁÃ[˝ÁcÕ„Tˆ [˝◊aÃ^Á◊ªK˜_Á]* Tˆ„TˆÁ \…ˆÃ^ cÕ[˝ ÂTˆ Tˆ„]Á ^ = ◊[˝VÓÁÃ^Áe Ã[˝TˆÁf*
`“›E ı„b’Ã[˝ Ã[˝ÁLX›◊TÊı =„Å`Ó
E«ı_ C LÁ◊Tˆ ]ÁX[˝a]Á„LÃ[˝ y‘◊]Eı ◊[˝EıÁ„` ◊\ˆ~ c˜Ã^, Y“ÁªJÙ›XEıÁ„_ ÂacÕ
◊\ˆ~TˆÁ \ˆÁÃ[˝„Tˆ C %XÓ ÂV„`C ATˆ Y◊Ã[˝ÿˆè«ıªRÙO c˜Ã^ XÁcÕ* Eı„ÃÊıªRÙO› [˝QÕˆ [˝QÕˆ E«ı„_Ã[˝
a]Á„[˝„` AEıªRÙO› LÁ◊Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á VÒÁQÕˆÁcÕTˆ* AcÕ ◊\ˆ~ ◊\ˆ~ E«ı_ c˜Ã^ AEı Y…[[˝ÔY«Ã[˝”„bÃ[˝
[˝e`W˝Ã[˝, XÃ^ ◊\ˆ~-[˝e`LÁTˆ c˜cÕ„_C Y“›◊Tâeÿöˆ ÁY„X AEı [˝e`LÁTˆ [˝◊_Ã^Á
G c˜›Tˆ* a]ÿôˆ \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ AEı [˝QÕˆ LÁ◊Tˆ c˜Ã^ XÁcÕ, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ Â^ [˝QÕˆ [˝QÕˆ LÁ◊Tˆ a]ÿôˆ
ÂV` ªK˜ÁcÕÃ^Á ◊[˝Ã[˝ÁL Eı◊Ã[˝Tˆ, TˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó AEı a\ˆÓTˆÁ, AEı W˝∂ˆÇÔ, AEı aeï ıTˆ
\ˆÁbÁ A[˝e ◊[˝[˝Ác˜ cÕTˆÓÁ◊V a∂ëˆµ˘ Y“ªJÙ◊_Tˆ ◊ªK˜_* TÛÁ◊Y Y“ÁªJÙ›XEıÁ_ c˜cÕ„Tˆ AEı„±ºˆÃ[˝
ÊªJÙrÙÁ c˜cÕÃ^Á %Á◊aÃ^Á◊ªK˜_, EıFXC E«ıÃ[˝”, EıFXC YÁá˚Á_, EıFXC ÂEıÁ`_, EıFXC
]GW˝ LÁ◊Tˆ ÂV„`Ã[˝ ÂXTˆÁ [˝Á aÁ[[˝Ô„\ˆÏ] Ã[˝ÁLÁ c˜cÕÃ^Á aÁ∂ÉˆÁLÓ Eı◊Ã[˝Tˆ, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ Y“ÁªJÙ›X
E«ı_W˝∂ˆÇÔ C E«ı„_Ã[˝ ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁ◊Y“Ã^TˆÁ AEı„±ºˆÃ[˝ A]X Y“[˝_ %‹ôˆÃ[˝ÁÃ^ a ◊rÙ Eı◊Ã[˝Tˆ Â^
ÂacÕ ÊªJÙrÙÁ EıFX ◊ªJÙÃ[˝EıÁ_ ◊ªRÙO◊Eı„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ XÁcÕ* \ˆÁÃ[˝„Tˆ AcÕ AEı„±ºˆÃ[˝ ÊªJÙrÙÁ, %aY±Ûˆ
aÁ∂ÉˆÁ„LÓÃ[˝ ÊªJÙrÙÁ Y«SÓEı∂ˆÇÔ A[˝e [Ã ˝ÁLÁÃ[˝ Eıw¯Ô [˝ÓEı„∂ˆÇ[ÃÔ ˝ ]„W˝Ó GSÓ ◊ªK˜_* AcÕ AEı„±ºˆ[Ã ˝
ÊÿÉˆÁTˆ ATˆ Y“[˝_ c˜cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜_ Â^ ÊªJÙ◊VÃ[˝ÁL ◊`£YÁ„_Ã[˝ XÓÁÃ^ ÂTˆLÿëˆ› C V«Ã[˝‹ôˆ
l˘◊≈yÃ^C ^«◊W˝◊úˆ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ aÁ∂ÉˆÁLÓÿöˆÁY„X Y«SÓEı∂ˆÇÔ [˝◊_Ã^Á Â^ÁGVÁX Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ a∂ˆÇTˆ
c˜c˜^ÃO Á◊ªK˜„_X* Ac˜[ÃO ˝÷Y AEı±ˆº , aÁ∂ÉˆÁLÓ [˝Á W˝∂ˆÇ[ÃÔ ˝ÁLÓ aeÿöˆÁYX `“›E ı„b’Ã[˝ [Ã ˝ÁLX›◊TÊı
=„Å`Ó* ]GW˝Ã[˝ÁL LÃ[˝Áaµ˘ Y…„[[˝ÔcÕ AcÕ ÊªJÙrÙÁ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜„_X, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ `◊N˛
%W˝∂ˆÇÔ C %TˆÓÁªJÙÁ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ =YÃ[˝ Y“◊Tˆ◊úˆTˆ, %TÂ[˝ l˘SÿöˆÁÃ^› [˝◊_Ã^Á `“›E ıb’ TgˆÁc˜Á„Eı
\ˆ›„]Ã[˝ c˜Á„Tˆ [˝W˝ EıÃ[˝ÁcÕÃ^Á ÂacÕ ÊªJÙrÙÁ ◊[˝Zı_ Eı◊Ã[˝„_X* `“›E ı„b’Ã[˝ EıÁ„^ÔÓÃ[˝ Y“W˝ÁX
[˝ÁW˝Á G◊[[˝TÔ ˆ C ÂTˆLÿëˆ› E«ı[Ã ˝”[˝e`* E«ı[Ã ˝”LÁ◊Tˆ %„XEı◊VX c˜c˜„O Tˆ \ˆÁ[Ã ˝„Tˆ[Ã ˝ ÂXT ˆÿˆö ÁX›Ã^
LÁ◊Tˆ ◊ªK˜_, cÕeÃ[˝Á◊L„Tˆ ^Ác˜Á„Eı hegemony [˝„_ %UÔÁd %„XEı a]ÁX ÿëˆÁW˝›X
LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó Y“W˝ÁX±ºˆ C ÂXT ˆ±ºˆ, TˆÁc˜Á„Tˆ E«ıÃ[˝”LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ Y«Ã[˝”bYÃ[˝+Ã[˝ÁGTˆ %◊W˝EıÁÃ[˝
◊ªK˜_* ^Tˆ◊VX AcÕ LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ [˝_ C G[[˝Ô %l«˘|\ˆÁ„[˝ UÁ◊Eı„[˝, \ˆÁÃ[˝„Tˆ EıFX AEı±ºˆ
ÿöˆÁ◊YTˆ c˜cÕ„[˝ XÁ, `“›E ıb’ cÕc˜Á [˝«◊Mı„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝„_X* %TÂ[˝ ◊Tˆ◊X E«ıÃ[˝”LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝
W[˝ea Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ E ıTâ·¯î c˜cÕ„_X* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ \ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝ aÁ∂ÉˆÁ„LÓ E«ıÃ[˝”LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝
Y«Ã[˝”bYÃ[˝+Ã[˝ÁGTˆ %◊W˝EıÁÃ[˝ ◊ªK˜_, `“›E ıb’ AcÕ EıUÁ ◊[˝ÿˆÇ Tˆ c˜X XÁcÕ; ^Ác˜Á W˝∂ˆÇÔTˆf
EıÁc˜ÁÃ[˝C Y“ÁYÓ, TˆÁc˜Á„Tˆ TˆÁc˜Á„Eı [˝◊á˚Tˆ EıÃ[˝Á %W˝∂ˆÇÔ [˝◊_Ã^Á E«ıÃ[˝”LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ Â^
XÓÁÃ^Tˆf Ã[˝ÁLÁ C Y“W˝ÁX, ÂacÕ ^«◊W˝◊úˆÃ[˝„Eı \ˆÁ[˝› a∂ÉˆÁªRÙOY„V ◊X^«N˛ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ
]„XÁX›Tˆ Eı◊Ã[˝„_X* `“›E ıb’ YÃ[˝] W˝Á◊∂ˆÇÔEı, a]UÔ c˜cÕÃ^ÁC Âÿoˆ„c˜Ã[˝ [˝„` ◊X„LÃ[˝
◊Y“Ã^ ^ÁV[˝E«ı_„Eı E«ıÃ[˝”LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ ÿöˆÁ„X ÿöˆÁYX Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÊªJÙrÙÁ Eı„Ã[˝X XÁcÕ, YÁâ¯[˝„VÃ[˝
]„W˝Ó ÂLÓúˆ ^«◊W˝◊úˆÃ[˝„Eı %[˝„c˜_Á Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ◊XL ◊Y“Ã^Tˆ] aFÁ %#«¤X„Eı ÂacÕ Y„V
◊X^«N˛ Eı„Ã[˝X XÁcÕ* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ÂEı[˝_ [˝Ãâ [˝Á Y…[[˝Ô %◊W˝EıÁÃ[˝ ÂV◊F„_ %◊X‰rÙÃ[˝
aêˆÁ[˝XÁ c˜Ã^, mS C aÁ]UÔÓC ÂV◊F„Tˆ c˜Ã^* Ã[˝ÁLÁ ^«◊W˝◊úˆÃ[˝ ^◊V %W˝Á◊∂ˆÇÔEı,
%TˆÓÁªJÙÁÃ[˝› [˝Á %`N˛ c˜cÕ„TˆX, TˆÁc˜Á c˜cÕ„_ `“›E ıb’ %XÓ YÁy„Eı %„XübS Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ
[˝ÁW˝Ó c˜cÕ„TˆX* ^«◊W˝◊úˆÃ[˝ Â^]X [˝e`y‘„], XÓÁ^Ó %◊W˝EıÁ„Ã[˝ C ÂV„`Ã[˝ Y…[[˝ÔY“ªJÙ◊_Tˆ
◊XÃ^„] a∂ÉˆÁªRÙO c˜cÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ =Y^«N˛, ÂTˆ]XcÕ m„SC ÂacÕ Y„VÃ[˝ Y“E ıTˆ %◊W˝EıÁÃ[˝›
◊ªK˜„_X* TgˆÁc˜Á %„Yl˘Á ÂTˆLÿëˆ› C Y“◊Tˆ\ˆÁ[˝ÁX %„XEı [˝QÕˆ [˝QÕˆ [˝›Ã[˝ X Y◊Tˆ
◊ªK˜„_X, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ÂEı[˝_ [˝„_ C Y“◊Tˆ\ˆÁÃ^ ÂEıc˜ Ã[˝Á„LÓÃ[˝ %◊W˝EıÁÃ[˝› c˜X XÁ* Ã[˝ÁLÁ
W˝∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝l˘Á Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝X, Y“LÁÃ[˝tX Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝X, ÂV`Ã[˝l˘Á Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝X* Y“U] V«cÕ m„S
^«◊W˝◊úˆÃ[˝ %T«ˆ_X›Ã^ ◊ªK˜„_X, ◊Tˆ◊X W˝∂ˆÇÔY«y, ◊Tˆ◊X VÃ^Á[˝ÁX, XÓÁÃ^YÃ[˝ÁÃ^S, aTˆÓ[˝ÁV›,
aTˆÓY“◊Tˆp˚, aTˆÓEı∂ˆÇÔÁ, Y“LÁÃ[˝ %Tˆ›[˝ ◊Y“Ã^* Â`„bÁN˛ %Á[˝`ÓEı m„S TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Â^
X…ÓXTˆÁ ◊ªK˜_, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ [˝›Ã[˝ }ÁT ˆ•Ã^ \ˆ›] C %#«¤X TˆÁc˜Á Y…Ã[˝S Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ a]UÔ
◊ªK˜„_X* Yá˚YÁâ¯„[˝Ã[˝ T«ˆ_Ó YÃ[˝Áy‘]› Ã[˝ÁLÁ [˝Á [˝›Ã[˝Y«Ã[˝”b a]EıÁ_›X \ˆÁÃ[˝„Tˆ
◊ªK˜„_X XÁ* %TÂ[˝ LÃ[˝Áaµ˘[˝„W˝ Eı∞ªRÙOEı =à˘ÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á `“›E ı„b’Ã[˝ YÃ[˝Á]„`Ô Ã[˝ÁLÁ
^«◊W˝◊úˆÃ[˝ ÂV„`Ã[˝ Y“ÁªJÙ›X Y“SÁ_› %X«aÃ[˝S Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á Ã[˝ÁLa…Ã^ ^p˚ Eı◊Ã[˝„_X A[˝e
ÂV„`Ã[˝ a∂ÉˆÁªRÙO c˜cÕ„_X*
`“›E ıb’ W˝Á◊∂ˆÇEÔ ı C [Ã ˝ÁLX›◊Tˆ◊[˝V*À ÂV„`Ã[˝ W˝∂ˆÇ,Ô ÂV„`Ã[˝ Y“SÁ_›, ÂV„`Ã[˝ aÁ]Á◊LEı
◊XÃ^„]Ã[˝ ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ Eı∂ˆÇÔ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ^◊V TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ]c˜d =„Å`Ó a«◊aà˘ c˜cÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ aêˆÁ[˝XÁ
UÁ„Eı, Tˆ„[˝ ÂacÕ W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ c˜Á◊X, ÂacÕ Y“SÁ_›Ã[˝ ◊[˝Ã[˝”à˘ÁªJÙÃ[˝S, ÂacÕ ◊XÃ^] \ˆÜ
Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝X ÂEıX? ◊[˝XÁ EıÁÃ[˝„S AcÕÃ[˝÷Y Ã[˝Ár—Ù◊[˝Y¿[˝ C a]ÁL◊[˝Y¿[˝ EıÃ[˝Á ÂV„`Ã[˝
%◊c˜TÊıÃ[˝ c˜Ã^* ÂacÕ Âc˜T«ˆ Y“U„] Y«Ã[˝ÁTˆX Y“SÁ_› Ã[˝l˘Á Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á =„Å`Ó◊a◊à˘Ã[˝
LXÓ a‰ªJÙrÙ c˜cÕ„_X* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ÂV„`Ã[˝ Y“ÁªJÙ›X Y“ÁSÁ_›Ã[˝ AcÕ ÂVÁb ◊ªK˜_ Â^ TˆÁc˜Á„Tˆ
ÊªJÙrÙÁ aZı_ c˜cÕ„_C Âa Zı_ ÿöˆÁÃ^› c˜cÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ %◊Tˆ %î aêˆÁ[˝XÁ ◊ªK˜_* ^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝
aÁ]◊Ã[˝Eı [˝_[˝ ◊à˘ %Á‰ªK˜, ◊Tˆ◊X Ã[˝ÁLa…Ã^ ^p˚ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á a∂ÉˆÁªRÙO c˜cÕ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝X [˝‰ªRÙO,
◊Eı‹ô«ˆ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ [˝e`W˝Ã[˝ l˘›S„TˆL c˜cÕ[˝Á]Áy ÂacÕ ]«E«ıªRÙO ]ÿôÊı c˜cÕ„Tˆ %ÁY◊X F◊aÃ^Á
Y‰QÕˆ* Â^ ÂTˆLÿëˆ› [˝›Ã[˝LÁ◊TâEı_ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ◊YTˆÁÃ[˝ [˝Á ◊YTˆÁ]„c˜Ã[˝ [˝` c˜cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜„_X,
TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á ◊[˝LÃ^› Y«‰yÃ[˝ [˝Á ÂYÏ‰yÃ[˝ %W˝›XTˆÁ ÿëˆ›EıÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝X ÂEıX? [˝e`GTˆ
%◊W˝EıÁÃ[˝ X„c˜, Ã[˝ÁLa…Ã^ ^p˚cÕ %UÔÁd %aÁW˝ÁÃ[˝S [˝_[˝›^ÔÓ ÂacÕ aÁ∂ÉˆÁ„LÓÃ[˝ ]…_,
^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ %◊W˝Eı [˝_[˝›^ÔÓ ◊Tˆ◊XcÕ ^p˚ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á a∂ÉˆÁªRÙO c˜cÕ„[˝X* %TÂ[˝ aÁ∂ÉˆÁ„LÓÃ[˝
ÂEıÁX ÿöˆÁ◊Ã^±ºˆ c˜cÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ %Á`Á ◊ªK˜_ XÁ, %îEıÁ_ Y“W˝ÁX±ºˆ [˝Á hegemonycÕ c˜cÕ„Tˆ
YÁ„Ã[˝* AcÕ Y“UÁÃ[˝ %ÁÃ[˝ AEıªRÙO› ÂVÁb AcÕ ◊ªK˜_ Â^, X[˝a∂ÉˆÁ‰ªRÙOÃ[˝ %EıÿˆÇÁd [˝_[˝ ◊à˘
C Y“W˝ÁX±ºˆ_Á„\ˆ ÂV„`Ã[˝ [˝_V ä %a◊c˜b«’ ÂTˆLÿëˆ› l˘◊≈yÃ^G„SÃ[˝ c˜÷V„Ã^ <bÔÓÁ[˝◊c˜‘
Y“Lù◊_Tˆ c˜Ã^; cÕ◊X Y“W˝ÁX c˜cÕ„[˝X ÂEıX, %Á]Ã[˝Á ÂEıX c˜cÕ[˝ XÁ, AcÕ ◊[˝ªJÙÁÃ[˝ ac˜„L
]„XÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó =◊Pˆ[˝ÁÃ[˝ aêˆÁ[˝XÁ ◊ªK˜_* ^«◊W˝◊úˆ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ◊XLE«ı„_Ã[˝ l˘◊≈yÃ^GS AcÕ <bÔÓÁÃ^
TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ◊[˝Ã[˝”à˘ÁªJÙÁÃ[˝› c˜cÕ„_X, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ◊YT ˆ„[˝ÓÃ[˝ a‹ôˆÁXGS AcÕ <bÔÓÁÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ ◊X\ˆ¤Ã[˝
Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ÂEıÏ`„_ TgˆÁc˜Á„Eı YVªJ«ÙÓTˆ C ◊X[[˝ÔÁ◊aTˆ Eı◊Ã[˝„_X* ÂV„`Ã[˝ Y“SÁ_›Ã[˝ ÂVÁb
%î◊V„XcÕ [˝ÓN˛ c˜cÕ_*
`“›E ıb’ Â^]X W˝Á◊∂ˆÇEÔ ı ÂTˆ]XcÕ [Ã ˝ÁLX›◊Tˆ◊[˝V*À ◊Tˆ◊X EıFXC a„VÁb, %◊c˜TÊı[Ã ˝
[˝Á a]„Ã^Ã[˝ %X«Y„^ÁG› Y“SÁ_›, =YÁÃ^ [˝Á ◊XÃ^] [˝V_ÁcÕ„Tˆ Y∏JÙÁdYV c˜cÕ„TˆX
XÁ* ◊Tˆ◊X TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ^«„GÃ[˝ Y“W˝ÁX ◊[˝Y¿[˝EıÁÃ[˝›* Ã[˝ÁLÁ \…ˆ◊Ã[˝`“[˝Á `“›E ıb’„Eı \ˆdÔaXÁ
Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ a]Ã^ a]EıÁ_›X Y«Ã[˝ÁTˆX ]„TˆÃ[˝ %„XEı \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ[˝Áa›Ã[˝ %Á„y‘Á` [˝ÓN˛
Eı◊Ã[˝^Ã Á [˝◊_„_X, E ıb’ C E ıb’ªJÙÁ◊_Tˆ ^ÁV[˝Eı« _ EıFXC W˝„∂ˆÇ[ÃÔ ˝ ◊[˝[Ã ˝”à˘ÁJª Ù[Ã ˝S Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ
[˝Á W˝∂ˆÇÔ„Eı ◊[˝E ıTˆ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ E«ı◊¢ˆTˆ c˜X XÁ, Â^ E ı„b’Ã[˝ YÃ[˝Á]„`Ô EıÁ^ÔÓ Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝, ÂacÕ
◊X∏JÙ^Ã %◊[˝_„∂ëˆ YÁ„Y Y◊TˆTˆ c˜c˜„O [˝* ÂEıX XÁ, Y«[Ã ˝ÁTˆX [Ã ˝›◊Tˆ„Tˆ %ÁaN˛ [Ã ˝l˘S`›„_Ã[˝
]„Tˆ X…TˆX Y“Ã^ÁacÕ YÁY* `“›E ıb’ ^«◊W˝◊úˆ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ YTˆ„X [˝«◊Mı„_X --- [˝«◊Mı„_X ÂEıX,
◊Tˆ◊X \ˆG[˝ÁX, Y…„[[˝Ô LÁ◊X„TˆX, --- Â^, •ÁYÃ[˝^«„GÃ[˝ =Y„^ÁG› Y“UÁ Eı◊_„Tˆ
EıFXC Ã[˝l˘S›Ã^ X„c˜* %TÂ[˝ ◊Tˆ◊X %ÁÃ[˝ ÂacÕÃ[˝÷Y ÊªJÙrÙÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„_X XÁ, Eı◊_Ã[˝
=◊ªJÙTˆ Â\ˆVVâ¯ Y“W˝ÁX Ã[˝ÁLX›◊Tˆ %X«aÃ[˝S Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á G◊[[˝ÔTˆ V ä l˘◊≈yÃ^ LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ [˝_
XÁ„` \ˆÁ[˝› aÁ∂ÉˆÁLÓ„Eı ◊Xõı∞ªRÙOEı Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ a‰ªJÙrÙ c˜cÕ„_X* ◊Tˆ◊X E«ıÃ[˝”„VÃ[˝ Y«Ã[˝ÁTˆX
a]Eıl˘ `y” YÁá˚Á_LÁ◊Tˆ„Eı E«ıÃ[˝”W[˝e„a Y“[˝ w¯ Eı◊Ã[˝„_X, ^Tˆ LÁ◊Tˆ E«ıÃ[˝”„VÃ[˝
◊[˝„•„b ^«◊W˝◊úˆ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ÊY“„] [˝Á W˝∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ÁLÓ C AEı„±ºˆÃ[˝ %ÁEıÁIl˘ÁÃ^ %ÁE ırÙ c˜cÕ„Tˆ
YÁ„Ã[˝, aEı_„Eı ÂacÕ Y„l˘ %ÁEıbÔS Eı◊Ã[˝„_X A[˝e ^«„à˘Ã[˝ =„VÓÁG EıÃ[˝ÁcÕ„_X*
Â^ a◊µ˘Ã[˝ ÊªJÙrÙÁ c˜cÕ_, TˆÁc˜Á„Tˆ `“›E ı„b’Ã[˝ %ÁÿöˆÁ ◊ªK˜_ XÁ, ◊Tˆ◊X LÁ◊X„TˆX a◊µ˘Ã[˝
aêˆÁ[˝XÁ XÁcÕ, a◊µ˘ ÿöˆÁ◊YTˆ c˜cÕ„_C Âa ÿöˆÁÃ^› c˜cÕ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ XÁ, TÛÁ◊Y W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝
FÁ◊Tˆ„Ã[˝ C Ã[˝ÁLX›◊TˆÃ[˝ FÁ◊Tˆ„Ã[˝ ◊Tˆ◊X a◊µ˘Ã[˝ ÊªJÙrÙÁÃ^ Y“[˝ w¯ c˜cÕ„_X* a„≥Vc˜ XÁcÕ,
E«ıÃ[˝”„l˘y ^«à˘ `“›E ı„b’Ã[˝ Ã[˝ÁLX›◊TˆÃ[˝ Zı_, E«ıÃ[˝”W[˝ea, l˘◊≈yÃ^W[˝ea C ◊Xõı∞ªRÙOEı
aÁ∂ÉˆÁLÓ C \ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝ AEı±ºˆÿöˆÁYX TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ =„Å`Ó* W˝∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ÁLÓ ÿöˆÁY„XÃ[˝ LXÓ Â^
^«à˘, ÂacÕ W˝∂ˆÇÔ^«à˘, ÂacÕ W˝∂ˆÇÔ^«„à˘Ã[˝ <`üÃ[˝◊X◊Å¤rÙ ◊[˝„LTˆÁ, ◊V[˝Ó`◊N˛Y“„SÁ◊VTˆ
]c˜ÁÃ[˝U› %#«¤X* %#«¤X `ÿóˆTˆÓÁG Eı◊Ã[˝„_, `“›E ı„b’Ã[˝ Ã[˝ÁLX›◊TÊı Y◊Ã[˝`“] Yâ¯
c˜cÕTˆ, \ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝ AEı±ºˆC aÁ◊W˝Tˆ c˜cÕTˆ XÁ, ÂV„`Ã[˝ \ˆ◊[˝bÓ„Tˆ %◊[˝_„∂ëˆ ÂHÁÃ[˝ E«ıZı_
Zı◊_Tˆ*
}ÁT ˆ[˝W˝ C E«ı_XÁ`
%#«„¤ XÃ[˝ a]ÿôˆ ^«◊N˛ E«ı„_Ã[˝ ◊c˜Tˆ %„Yl˘Á Eı◊[Ã ˝^Ã Á Y“„^Ã Á◊LTˆ, LÁ◊Tˆ[Ã ˝ ◊c˜Tˆ◊Jª Ù‹ˆô Á
Âÿoˆc˜[˝„` TˆgÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ]X c˜cÕ„Tˆ %YaÁ◊Ã[˝Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜* ◊Tˆ◊X E«ıÃ[˝”[˝e„`Ã[˝ ◊c˜Tˆ \ˆÁ◊[˝Ã^Á
\ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝ ◊c˜Tˆ ◊[˝ÿˆÇ Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜X, %W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ \ˆ„Ã^ W˝∂ˆÇÔ„Eı L_Át◊_ ◊V„Tˆ [˝à˘-
Y◊Ã[˝EıÃ[˝ c˜cÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜X* ÿëˆÁ„UÔÃ[˝ LXÓ }ÁT ˆ[˝W˝ ]c˜ÁYÁY, A EıUÁ aEı„_ LÁ„X, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ
}ÁT ˆ‰Y“„]Ã[˝ [˝„` LÁTˆ›Ã^ %XUÔ a+ÁV„X ac˜ÁÃ^ c˜CÃ^Á, LÁTˆ›Ã^ ◊c˜TâÁW˝„X
◊[˝]«F c˜CÃ^Á, AcÕ YÁY mÃ[˝”TˆÃ[˝* %#«¤X ^◊V `ÿóˆTˆÓÁG Eı„Ã[˝X, %W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ LÃ^
c˜cÕ„[˝, V«„^ÔÓÁW˝X \ˆÁÃ[˝„Tˆ Y“W˝ÁX X Y◊Tˆ C a]ÿôˆ ÂV„`Ã[˝ ÂXTˆÁ c˜cÕÃ^Á LÁTˆ›Ã^ ªJÙ◊Ã[˝y
C l˘◊≈yÃÊ«ı„_Ã[˝ %ÁªJÙÃ[˝S ÿëˆ›Ã^ E«ıV rÙÁ„‹ôˆ Eı_«◊bTˆ Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝X, \ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝ Y“[˝_ YÃ[˝Áy‘Á‹ôˆ
E«ı_aEı_ ÿëˆÁUÔ, <bÔÓÁ C ◊[˝„Ã[˝ÁW˝◊Y“Ã^TˆÁÃ[˝ ÊY“Ã[˝SÁÃ^ YÃ[˝&Ã[˝„Eı ◊[˝XÁ` Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ
=VÓTˆ c˜cÕ„[˝, ÂV`„Eı AEı◊≈yTˆ, ◊XÃ^◊‹óˆTˆ C `◊N˛Ã[˝ a]Á„[˝„` a«Ã[˝◊l˘Tˆ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝
ÂEıÁX %aY±Ûˆ W˝∂ˆÇÔ-Y“„SÁ◊VTˆ Ã[˝ÁL`◊N˛ UÁ◊Eı„[˝ XÁ, AcÕ %[˝ÿöˆÁÃ^ Â^ ◊[˝„V`›
%Áy‘]S TˆFXC Ã[˝”à˘ a]«‰V–Ã[˝ XÓÁÃ^ \ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ Y◊QÕˆÃ^Á Y¿Á◊[˝Tˆ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ Y“ÿô«ˆTˆ
c˜cÕ„Tˆ◊ªK˜_, Âa %a]„Ã^ %Á◊aÃ^Á %Á^ÔÓa\ˆÓTˆÁ W[˝ea Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á LG„Tˆ \ˆÁ[˝› ◊c˜„TˆÃ[˝
%Á`Á ◊X∂ˆÇ…Ô_ Eı◊Ã[˝Tˆ* `“›E ıb’ C %#«¤X Y“◊Tˆ◊úˆTˆ aÁ∂ÉˆÁ„LÓÃ[˝ XÁ„` V«cÕ ac˜ÿÉˆ
[˝bÔ Y„Ã[˝ \ˆÁÃ[˝„Tˆ Â^ Ã[˝ÁLX›◊TÊı =dYÁTˆ %ÁÃ[˝êˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜_, TˆÁc˜Á TˆFXcÕ %ÁÃ[˝êˆ
c˜cÕTˆ*
Â_Á„Eı [˝„_ %#«¤X Â^ %◊X‰rÙÃ[˝ \ˆ„Ã^ AcÕ %ÁY◊w¯ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜„_X, aTˆÓ aTˆÓ
E«ıÃ[˝”„l˘y ^«„à˘Ã[˝ Zı„_ ÂacÕ %◊XrÙ Zı◊__* }ÁT ˆ[˝W˝, E«ı_XÁ`, LÁ◊TˆXÁ` Y^ÔÓ‹ôˆ
E«ıÃ[˝”„l˘y ^«„à˘Ã[˝ Zı_* E«ıÃ[˝”„l˘y ^«à˘ Eı◊_ Y“[˝◊wÔ¯Tˆ c˜cÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ EıÁÃ[˝S* AcÕ ^«„à˘
\ˆ›bS }ÁT ˆ[˝W˝ c˜cÕ_, cÕc˜Á aTˆÓ* ◊Lp˚ÁaÓ AcÕ, %ÁÃ[˝ ◊Eı =YÁ„Ã^ `“›E ı„b’Ã[˝ ]c˜d
=„Å`Ó aÁ◊W˝Tˆ c˜cÕTˆ? AcÕLXÓcÕ `“›E ıb’ a◊µ˘Y“ÁUÔXÁÃ[˝ ◊[˝Zı_TˆÁ LÁ◊XÃ^ÁC
a◊µ˘ÿöˆÁY„XÃ[˝ LXÓ ◊[˝ÿôˆÃ[˝ ÊªJÙrÙÁ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜„_X, A]X ◊Eı Yá˚ G–Á]C ◊Zı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á
YÁcÕ„_ ^«◊W˝◊úˆÃ[˝ ^«„à˘ l˘Á‹ôˆ c˜cÕ„TˆX, ÂacÕªR«ÙOE«ı YV Ã[˝Á◊F[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÿöˆ_ YÁcÕ„_C `“›E ıb’
W˝∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ÁLÓ aeÿöˆÁYX Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝„TˆX* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ V«„^ÔÓÁW˝„XÃ[˝ V ª RÕÙ◊X∏JÙÃ^ ◊ªK˜_, ◊[˝XÁ^«„à˘
a…ªJÙÓG– \…ˆ◊]C ◊V„[˝X XÁ* ^FX a]ÿôˆ ÂV„`Ã[˝ \ˆ◊[˝bÓd ^«„à˘Ã[˝ Zı„_Ã[˝ =YÃ[˝ ◊X\ˆ¤Ã[˝
Eı„Ã[˝, ÂacÕ ^«„à˘ }ÁT ˆ[˝W˝ c˜cÕ„[˝ [˝◊_Ã^Á ]c˜d Eı„∂ˆÇÔ l˘Á‹ôˆ c˜CÃ^ÁÃ^ %W˝∂ˆÇÔ c˜Ã^*
Y◊Ã[˝[˝Á„Ã[˝[Ã ˝ ◊c˜Tˆ LÁ◊Tˆ[Ã ˝ ◊c˜„Tˆ, LG„Tˆ[Ã ˝ ◊c˜„Tˆ Q«ˆ[˝Ác˜„O Tˆ c˜^Ã ; }ÁT ˆ„ÿoˆ„c˜, YÁ◊Ã[˝[˝Á◊Ã[˝Eı
\ˆÁ_[˝ÁaÁÃ[˝ Â]Á„c˜ ÂEıÁªRÙO› ÂEıÁªRÙO› Â_Á„EıÃ[˝ a[[˝ÔXÁ` EıÃ[˝Á ªJÙ„_ XÁ, ÂEıÁªRÙO› ÂEıÁªRÙO›
Â_Á„EıÃ[˝ \ˆÁ[˝› a«F [˝Á V«fF„]ÁªJÙX ◊[˝XrÙ EıÃ[˝Á ªJÙ„_ XÁ, TˆÁc˜Á„Tˆ [˝Ó◊N˛Ã[˝ C E«ı„_Ã[˝
XÃ[˝EıY“Á◊ä c˜Ã^*
E«ıÃ[˝”„l˘y ^«„à˘ E«ı_XÁ` c˜cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜_, TˆÁc˜ÁC aTˆÓ EıUÁ* AcÕ ^«„à˘Ã[˝ Zı„_
]c˜ÁY“TˆÁYÁ◊XüTˆ E«ıÃ[˝”[˝e` AEıÃ[˝÷Y Â_ÁY YÁcÕ_* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ E«ıÃ[˝”LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ Â_Á„Y ^◊V
a]ÿôˆ \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ Ã[˝l˘Á YÁcÕÃ^Á UÁ„Eı, TˆÁc˜Á c˜cÕ„_ E«ıÃ[˝”W[˝e„a l˘◊Tˆ XÁ c˜cÕÃ^Á _Á\ˆcÕ
c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜* Â^]X YÁ◊Ã[˝[˝Á◊Ã[˝Eı \ˆÁ_[˝ÁaÁÃ[˝ ]ÁÃ^Á %Á‰ªK˜, ÂTˆ]XcÕ E«ı„_Ã[˝ =YÃ[˝ ]ÁÃ^Á
%Á‰ªK˜* ÂV`\ˆÁcÕ„Eı ◊EıªK«˜ [˝◊_[˝ XÁ, ÂV`[˝Áa›Ã[˝ a„Ü ◊[˝„Ã[˝ÁW˝ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ XÁ, %◊XrÙ
Eı◊Ã[˝„_C, %ÁTˆTˆÁÃ^› c˜cÕ„_C, ÂV„`Ã[˝ a[[˝ÔXÁ` Eı◊Ã[˝„_C ◊Tˆ◊X \ˆÁcÕ, Âÿoˆ„c˜Ã[˝
YÁy, X›Ã[˝„[˝ ac˜Ó Eı◊Ã[˝[˝, %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó Â^ È[˝b’[˝› ]ÁÃ^Á-Y“a…Tˆ %W˝∂ˆÇÔ W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝
\ˆÁX Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á %„X„EıÃ[˝ [˝«◊à˘}e` Eı„Ã[˝, TˆÁc˜Á AcÕ E«ı„_Ã[˝ ]ÁÃ^ÁÃ[˝ Â]Á„c˜ =dY~*
◊[˝XÁ EıÁ[Ã ˝„S [˝Á ÿëˆÁ„UÔ[Ã ˝ LXÓ, ◊XTˆÁ‹ôˆ Y“„^Ã ÁLX C %Á[˝`ÓEıTˆÁ[Ã ˝ %\ˆÁ„[˝ ÂV`\ˆÁc˜„O ^Ã [Ã ˝
a„Ü ◊[˝„Ã[˝ÁW˝ C Eı_c EıÃ[˝Á %W˝∂ˆÇÔ* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ Â^ ÂV`\ˆÁcÕ aEı„_Ã[˝ ]Á„Eı Y“Á„S [˝W˝
Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ [˝Á TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ %◊XrÙ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ [˝à˘Y◊Ã[˝EıÃ[˝, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ÂVÏÃ[˝Á±¡Ó X›Ã[˝„[˝ ac˜Ó Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á
ÂacÕ ]ÁT ˆc˜TˆÓÁ [˝Á %◊XrÙÁªJÙÃ[˝S„Eı Y“`“Ã^ ÂVCÃ^Á %ÁÃ[˝C mÃ[˝”TˆÃ[˝ YÁTÊı* ◊`[˝ÁL›
^FX ]«a_]Á„XÃ[˝ Y úˆ„YÁbEı ÂV`\ˆÁcÕ„Eı aec˜ÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ ÂG„_X, TˆFX ^◊V
ÂEıc˜ [˝◊_„TˆX, %Ác˜Á! ◊Eı EıÃ[˝, cÕc˜ÁÃ[˝Á ÂV`\ˆÁcÕ, X›Ã[˝„[˝ ac˜Ó EıÃ[˝, Â]ÁG_
]c˜ÁÃ[˝Ár—Ù„V`„Eı %◊W˝EıÁÃ[˝ Eı„Ã[˝ EıÃ[˝”Eı, ]ÁÃ[˝ÁPˆÁÃ^ ]ÁÃ[˝ÁPˆÁÃ^ ÊY“] UÁ◊Eı„_cÕ c˜Ã^,
--- EıUÁªRÙO› ◊Eı ◊XTˆÁ‹ôˆ c˜ÁaÓEıÃ[˝ Â[˝ÁW˝ c˜cÕTˆ XÁ? %Á„]◊Ã[˝EıÁXÃ[˝Á ^FX VÁa±ºˆY“UÁ
=PˆÁcÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ ÂV„` ◊[˝„Ã[˝ÁW˝a ◊rÙ C %‹ôˆfÿöˆ ^«à˘a ◊rÙ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ac˜ÿÉˆ ac˜ÿÉˆ ÂV`-
\ˆÁcÕ„Ã^Ã[˝ Y“ÁSaec˜ÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„_X, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á ◊Eı E«ıEı∂ˆÇÔ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜„_X? A]X c˜Ã^ Â^
ÂV`\ˆÁcÕ„Ã^Ã[˝ a„Ü ◊[˝„Ã[˝ÁW˝, ÂV`\ˆÁcÕ„Eı ^«„à˘ [˝W˝, LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ ◊c˜Tˆ C LG„TˆÃ[˝ ◊c˜„TˆÃ[˝
AEı]Áy =YÁÃ^ c˜Ã^* cÕc˜Á„Tˆ E«ı_XÁ„`Ã[˝ %Á`·¯Á ^◊V c˜Ã^, TˆÁc˜Á c˜cÕ„_C LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝
◊c˜Tˆ C LG„TˆÃ[˝ ◊c˜TâÁW˝„X l˘Á‹ôˆ c˜cÕ„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝ XÁ* %[˝`Ó ^◊V ÂacÕ E«ı„_Ã[˝ Ã[˝l˘Á
LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ ◊c˜„TˆÃ[˝ LXÓ %Á[˝`ÓEı c˜Ã^, a]aÓÁ L◊ªRÙO_ c˜Ã^* ]c˜Á\ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝ ^«„G \ˆÁÃ[˝„Tˆ
LÁ◊Tˆ Y“◊Tˆ◊úˆTˆ c˜Ã^ XÁcÕ, aEı„_ E«ı_„EıcÕ ]X«bÓLÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ ÂEı≥V– [˝◊_Ã^Á LÁ◊XTˆ*
ÂacÕLXÓcÕ \ˆ›πÇ, ÊV–ÁS Y“\ ˆ◊Tˆ ^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á Y«Ã[˝ÁTˆX ◊[˝VÓÁÃ[˝ %ÁEıÃ[˝ ◊ªK˜„_X, YÁâ¯[˝„VÃ[˝
◊[˝Ã[˝”„à˘ ^«à˘ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜„_X* TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á LÁ◊X„TˆX Â^ W˝∂ˆÇÔ YÁâ¯[˝„VÃ[˝ ◊V„Eı, LÁ◊X„TˆX
Â^ ]c˜d aÁ∂ÉˆÁLÓaeÿöˆÁY„X a]ÿôˆ \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ„Eı AEı ÂEı‰≥V– %Á[˝à˘ EıÃ[˝ÁÃ[˝ Y“„Ã^ÁLX
◊ªK˜_* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á cÕc˜ÁC [˝«◊Mı„TˆX Â^ E«ı_cÕ W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ Y“◊TˆúˆÁ C LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ ÂEı≥V–,
E«ı_XÁ„` W˝∂ˆÇ[ÃÔ ˝l˘Á C LÁ◊TâeÿöˆÁYX %aêˆ[˝* %#«X¤ C ÂacÕ }„] Y◊TˆTˆ c˜c˜„O _X*
AcÕ ^«„G LÁ◊TˆcÕ W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ Y“◊TˆúˆÁ, ]ÁX[˝a]Á„LÃ[˝ ÂEı≥V–* LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝l˘Á AcÕ ^«„GÃ[˝
Y“W˝ÁX W˝∂ˆÇ,Ô LÁ◊TˆXÁ` AcÕ ^«„GÃ[˝ %]Á#¤X›Ã^ ]c˜ÁYÁTÊı* ◊Eı‹ˆ«ô A]X ^«G %Á◊a„TˆC
YÁ„Ã[˝ ^FX AEı [˝ c˜d ]ÁX[˝a]ÁL Y“◊Tˆ◊úˆTˆ c˜cÕ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝, TˆFX c˜Ã^Tˆ LG„TˆÃ[˝
[˝QÕˆ [˝QÕˆ p˚ÁX› C Eı∂ˆÇfi LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ Ã[˝l˘ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ ^«à˘ Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝X, %YÃ[˝ Y„l˘ `“›E ıb’
◊[˝Y¿[˝EıÁÃ[˝› c˜cÕÃ^Á X[˝ E«ıÃ[˝”„l˘y ^«à˘ [˝ÁW˝ÁcÕÃ^Á LG„TˆÃ[˝ ◊c˜TâÁW˝X Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝X*
`“›E ı„b’Ã[˝ Ã[˝ÁLX›◊TˆÃ[˝ Zı_

Y“U] E ıYÁÃ[˝ %Á„[˝„` %#«¤X E«ı_XÁ„`Ã[˝ =YÃ[˝ %◊W˝Eı ◊X\ˆ¤Ã[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜„_X,
ÂEıX XÁ, AcÕ [˝ c˜d ÈaXÓa]Á„[˝` V`Ô„X E«ı„_Ã[˝ ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ, LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ %ÁY◊XcÕ ]„X
=‰Pˆ* [˝_Á c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜, E«ı„_Ã[˝ ◊c˜Tˆ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ ÂacÕEıÁ„_Ã[˝ \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ[˝Áa›Ã[˝ Y„l˘ ÿëˆÁ\ˆÁ◊[˝Eı,
Â^]X LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ ◊c˜Tˆ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ %ÁW˝«◊XEı ]X«bÓLÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ Y„l˘ ÿëˆÁ\ˆÁ◊[˝Eı* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ E«ı_XÁ„`
LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ Y“◊TˆúˆÁ XÁ` c˜cÕ„[˝, AcÕ %Á`·¯Á ◊Eı %]…_Eı ◊ªK˜_? %„X„Eı [˝„_, %#«¤X
^Ác˜Á \ˆÃ^ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜„_X, [˝Áÿôˆ◊[˝Eı TˆÁc˜ÁcÕ H◊ªRÙO_, E«ıÃ[˝”„l˘y^«à˘ \ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝ %[˝X◊Tˆ
C V›HÔEıÁ_[˝ÓÁY› YÃ[˝ÁW˝›XTˆÁ[Ã ˝ ]…_ EıÁ[Ã ˝S* ÂTˆLÿëˆ› l˘◊≈y^Ã [˝e„`Ã[˝ Â_Á„Y, l˘y„Tˆ„LÃ[˝
‚—˜Á„a \ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝ ◊[˝b] %]Ü_ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜* AEıLX ◊[˝FÓÁTˆ ◊[˝„V`› ]◊c˜_Á, ^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝
`“›ªJÙÃ[˝„S %„XEı ◊c˜≥V« AFX ◊`bÓ\ˆÁ„[˝ %ÁXTˆ◊`Ã[˝, AcÕ [˝◊_„Tˆ E«ı◊¢ˆTˆ c˜X XÁcÕ
Â^ l˘◊≈yÃ^XÁ„` cÕeÃ[˝ÁL-aÁ∂ÉˆÁLÓ ÿöˆÁY„XÃ[˝ YU a«G] EıÃ[˝ÁcÕ ÿëˆÃê \ˆG[˝ÁX %[˝Tˆ›SÔ
c˜cÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ %Áa_ =„Å`Ó ◊ªK˜_* %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ W˝ÁÃ[˝SÁ, ^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á AcÕÃ[˝÷Y %ae_G¬ EıUÁ
[˝„_X, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á ◊[˝bÃ^ªRÙO› XÁ Tˆ_ÁcÕÃ^Á %◊Tˆ XGSÓ Ã[˝ÁLX›◊TÊı Tˆ„√º¯Ã[˝ [˝`[˝w¯fi
c˜cÕÃ^Á `“›E ı„b’Ã[˝ Ã[˝ÁLX›◊TˆÃ[˝ ÂVÁb ÂVFÁcÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜X* AcÕ Ã[˝ÁLX›◊TÊı Tˆ√º¯ Ê∂⁄ˆ¨K˜◊[˝VÓÁ,
%XÁ^ÔÓ ◊ªJÙ‹ˆô ÁY“SÁ_›-aê…ˆTˆ* %XÁ^ÔÓGS %Áa«◊[Ã ˝Eı [˝„_ [˝_›Ã^ÁX, ÂacÕ [˝_„Eı ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁ
C LÁTˆ›Ã^ ]c˜„√º¯Ã[˝ AEı]Áy ◊\ˆ◊w¯ [˝◊_Ã^Á LÁ„XX*
LÁTˆ›Ã^ ]c˜√º¯ ÂEı[˝_ l˘y„Tˆ„LÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ Y“◊Tˆ◊úˆTˆ c˜cÕ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ XÁ, ªJÙT«ˆ[[˝Ô„SÔÃ[˝
ªJÙT«ˆ◊[[˝ÔW˝ ÂTˆLcÕ ÂacÕ ]c˜„√º¯Ã[˝ Y“◊TˆúˆÁ* aÁ◊√º¯Eı [˝–°˘„TˆL Ã[˝ÁL◊aEı l˘y„TˆL„Eı
p˚ÁX, ◊[˝XÃ^ C YÃ[˝◊c˜Tˆ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁÃ[˝ ]W˝«Ã[˝ at›[˝X› a«W˝ÁÃ^ L›◊[˝Tˆ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á Ã[˝Á„F, l˘y„TˆL
`Á‹ôˆ [˝–°˘„TˆL„Eı Ã[˝l˘Á Eı„Ã[˝* l˘y„TˆLÃ[˝◊c˜Tˆ [˝–°˘‰ªTˆL Tˆ„]Á\ˆÁ[˝ •ÁÃ[˝Á %Áy‘Á‹ôˆ
c˜cÕÃ^Á `…V–„±ºˆÃ[˝ ◊XE ırÙ mSaEı_„Eı %Á`“Ã^ ÂVÃ^, %TÂ[˝ Â^ ÂV„` l˘◊≈yÃ^ XÁcÕ,
ÂacÕ ÂV„` [˝–Á°˘„SÃ[˝ [˝Áa ◊X◊bà˘* ^◊V l˘◊≈yÃ^[˝e„`Ã[˝ Â_ÁY c˜Ã^, X…TˆX l˘◊≈yÃ^„Eı
a ◊rÙ EıÃ[˝Á [˝–Á°˘„SÃ[˝ Y“U] EıwÔ¯[˝Ó* [˝–°˘„TˆLY◊Ã[˝TˆÓN˛ l˘y„TˆL V«Å¤Á‹ôˆ =ÅÁ]
%Áa«◊Ã[˝Eı [˝„_ Y◊Ã[˝STˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á Y“U] YÃ[˝◊c˜Tˆ ◊[˝XÁ` Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ ÊªJÙ◊rÙTˆ c˜Ã^, Â`„b
ÿëˆÃê ◊[˝XrÙ c˜Ã^* ÂÃ[˝Á]ÁX Eı◊[˝ ÛÁUÔ [˝◊_Ã^Á‰ªK˜X, %a«Ã[˝GS ÿëˆ›Ã^ [˝_Á◊Tˆ„Ã[˝„Eı
Y◊TˆTˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á a]…„_ ◊[˝XrÙ c˜Ã^* a√º¯ Ã[˝Lf„Eı a ◊rÙ Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝, Ã[˝Lf a√º¯„Eı Ã[˝l˘Á
Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝, aÁ◊√º¯Eı EıÁ„^ÔÓ ◊X^«N˛ c˜cÕ„[˝, TˆÁc˜Á c˜cÕ„_ [˝Ó◊N˛Ã[˝ C LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ ]Ü_
aêˆ[˝* a√º¯ ^◊V Ã[˝Lf„Eı G–Áa Eı„Ã[˝, Ã[˝Lf ^◊V a√º¯„Eı G–Áa Eı„Ã[˝, Tˆ]f Y“ÁV«\ˆ¤Á„[˝
◊[˝LÃ^› mS ÿëˆÃê YÃ[˝Á◊LTˆ c˜Ã^, Tˆ„]Ám„SÃ[˝ Ã[˝ÁLÓ c˜Ã^* [˝–Á°˘S EıFXC Ã[˝ÁLÁ
c˜cÕ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ XÁ, l˘◊≈yÃ^ ◊[˝XrÙ c˜cÕ„_ `…V– Ã[˝ÁLÁ c˜cÕ„[˝, [˝–Á°˘S TˆÁ]◊aEı c˜cÕÃ^Á
%UÔ„_Á„\ˆ p˚ÁX„Eı ◊[˝E ıTˆ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á `…‰V–Ã[˝ VÁa c˜cÕ„[˝, %ÁW˝ÓÁ◊≈±¡Eı \ˆÁ[˝ ◊X‰∏JÙrÙTˆÁ„Eı
ÂYÁbS Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝, ÿëˆÃê ∂⁄ˆÁX c˜cÕÃ^Á W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ %[˝X◊TˆÃ[˝ EıÁÃ[˝S c˜cÕ„[˝* ◊Xfl˘◊yÃ^
`…V–ªJÙÁ◊_Tˆ LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ VÁa±ºˆ %[˝`ÓêˆÁ[˝›* \ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝ AcÕ %[˝ÿöˆÁ H◊ªRÙOÃ^Á‰ªK˜* %YÃ[˝Y„l˘
%Áa«◊Ã[˝Eı [˝„_Ã[˝ Y“\ˆÁ„[˝ l˘◊SEı =„w¯LXÁÃ^ `◊N˛aá˚ÁÃ[˝ C ]c˜√º¯ c˜cÕ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝
[˝‰ªRÙO, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ `›H– c˜Ã^ V«[[˝Ô_TˆÁ, G¿Á◊X C `◊N˛l˘Ã^ c˜cÕÃ^Á ÂV` %[˝a~ c˜cÕÃ^Á Y‰QÕˆ,
XÃ^ Ã[˝ÁL◊aEı ◊[˝_Áa, Vêˆ C ÿëˆÁ„UÔÃ[˝ [˝ ◊à˘„Tˆ LÁ◊Tˆ %X«Y^«N˛ c˜cÕÃ^Á ]c˜√º¯Ã[˝l˘ÁÃ^
%a]UÔ c˜Ã^, XÃ^ %‹ôˆ◊[˝Ô„Ã[˝Á„W˝, V«Xfi≈◊Tˆ„Tˆ, %TˆÓÁªJÙÁ„Ã[˝ ÂV` ªK˜ÁÃ[˝FÁÃ[˝ c˜cÕÃ^Á `y”Ã[˝
ac˜L_\ˆÓ ◊ÈıÁÃ[˝ c˜Ã^* \ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝ C Ã^«„Ã[˝Á„YÃ[˝ cÕ◊Tˆc˜Á„a AcÕ aEı_ Y◊Ã[˝SÁ„]Ã[˝
\…ˆ◊Ã[˝ \…ˆ◊Ã[˝ V rÙÁ‹ôˆ YÁCÃ^Á ^ÁÃ^*
]c˜Á\ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝ a]„Ã^ %Áa«◊Ã[˝Eı [˝„_Ã[˝ \ˆÁ„Ã[˝ Y ◊U[˝› %◊ÿöˆÃ[˝ c˜cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜_* \ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝
A]X ÂTˆLÿëˆ› YÃ[˝Áy‘]`Á_› Y“ªJÙâ¯ l˘◊≈yÃ^„Tˆ„LÃ[˝ ◊[˝ÿôˆÁÃ[˝ Y…„[[˝ÔC c˜Ã^ XÁcÕ, Y„Ã[˝C
c˜Ã^ XÁcÕ, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ \ˆ›bS [˝„_Ã[˝ aV«Y„^ÁG c˜cÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ aêˆÁ[˝XÁ %◊Tˆ`Ã^ Eı] ◊ªK˜_*
^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á AcÕ [˝„_Ã[˝ %ÁW˝ÁÃ[˝ ◊ªK˜„_X, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á aEı„_cÕ %a«Ã[˝Y“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝ --- %c˜·¯ÁÃ[˝,
VYÔ, ÿëˆÁUÔ, Âÿëˆ¨K˜ÁªJÙÁÃ[˝ TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ ]#ÁGTˆ ◊ªK˜_* ^◊V `“›E ıb’ AcÕ [˝_ ◊[˝XÁ`
Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á W˝∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ÁLÓ ÿöˆÁYX XÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„TˆX, TˆÁc˜Á c˜cÕ„_ Â^ ◊TˆX Y“EıÁÃ[˝ Y◊Ã[˝SÁ] [˝SÔXÁ
Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ AEıªRÙO› XÁ AEıªRÙO› ◊X∏JÙÃ^ H◊ªRÙOTˆ* \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ %a]„Ã^ Ê∂⁄ˆ‰¨K˜Ã[˝ c˜Á„Tˆ
Y◊QÕˆTˆ* ]„X Ã[˝ÁFÁ =◊ªJÙTˆ Yá˚ ac˜ÿÉˆ [˝daÃ[˝ Y…„[[˝Ô E«ıÃ[˝”„l˘y^«à˘ H◊ªRÙOÃ^Á‰ªK˜,
%ÁQÕˆÁcÕ c˜ÁLÁÃ[˝ [˝daÃ[˝ %◊Tˆ[˝Á◊c˜Tˆ c˜cÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ Y„Ã[˝ Ê∂⁄ˆ¨K˜„VÃ[˝ Y“U] aZı_ %Áy‘]S
◊aµ«˘XV›Ã[˝ %YÃ[˝ YÁÃ[˝ Y^ÔÓ‹ôˆ ÂYgÏ◊ªK˜„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜* %TÂ[˝ %#«¤X-Y“◊Tˆ◊úˆTˆ W˝∂ˆÇÔ-
Ã[˝ÁLÓ ATˆ◊VX [˝–°˘„TˆL-%X«Y“Á◊STˆ l˘y„Tˆ„LÃ[˝ Y“\ˆÁ„[˝ ÂV`„Eı Ã[˝l˘Á Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜*
TˆFXC a◊á˚Tˆ l˘y„TˆL ÂV„` ATˆ ◊ªK˜_ Â^ TˆÁc˜Á[Ã ˝ \ˆGÁ¬ e`cÕ V«cÕ ac˜ÿˆÉ [˝bÔ ÂV`„Eı
[˝gÁªJÙÁcÕÃ^Á Ã[˝Á◊FÃ^Á‰ªK˜; ªJÙ≥V–mä, Y«bÓ◊]y, a]«V–mä, ◊[˝y‘], aeG–Á]◊aec˜, Y“TˆÁY,
Ã[˝ÁL◊aec˜, Y“TˆÁYÁ◊VTˆÓ, ◊`[˝ÁL› cÕTˆÓÁ◊V ]c˜ÁY«Ã[˝”b ÂacÕ l˘y„Tˆ„LÃ[˝ [˝„_ ÂV„`Ã[˝
V«\ˆÁ¤ „GÓÃ[˝ a„Ü aeG–Á] Eı◊[Ã ˝^Ã Á‰ªK˜X* ÂacÕ ◊VXcÕ mLÃ[˝ÁRª ÙÔ „« à˘ C _©ø›[˝Ác˜„O ^Ã [Ã ˝ ◊ªJÙTˆÁ^Ã
TˆÁc˜Á[Ã ˝ Â`b ÿˆèı« ◊_Ü ◊X[[˝ÁÔ ◊YTˆ c˜c˜_O * TˆFX `“›E ı„b’Ã[˝ [Ã ˝ÁLX›◊TÊı EıÁ„^ÔÓ[Ã ˝ a«Zı_
C Y«SÓ l˘^Ã c˜c˜^ÃO Á ÂG_, \ˆÁ[Ã ˝Tˆ„Eı, LGd„Eı [Ã ˝l˘Á Eı◊[Ã ˝[˝Á[Ã ˝ LXÓ %Á[˝Á[Ã ˝ Y…SÁÔ [˝TˆÁ„Ã[˝[Ã ˝
%Á[˝`ÓEıTˆÁ c˜cÕ_* ÂacÕ %[˝TˆÁÃ[˝ %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ _«ä [˝–°˘„TˆL LÁGÁcÕÃ^Á ÂG„_X, ÂacÕ
[˝°– ˘„TˆL l˘y„TˆL a ◊rÙ Eı◊[Ã ˝„[˝* `“›E ıb’ \ˆÁ[Ã ˝„Tˆ[Ã ˝ l˘y„TˆL E«ı[Ã ˝”„l˘‰yÃ[˝ Ã[˝N˛a]«‰V–
◊X[[˝ÁÔ ◊YTˆ Eı„[Ã ˝X XÁc˜,O [˝[Ã ˝e %Áa«◊[Ã ˝Eı [˝_ ◊[˝XÁ` Eı◊[Ã ˝^Ã Á [˝°– ˘„TˆL C l˘y„TˆL
=\ˆ^Ã „EıcÕ [Ã ˝l˘Á Eı◊[Ã ˝^Ã Á‰ªK˜X* %Áa«◊[Ã ˝Eı [˝_V ä l˘◊≈y^Ã [˝e„`Ã[˝ aec˜Á„Ã[˝ =ÅÁ] [Ã ˝Lf-
`◊N˛„Eı ◊ªK˜~ ◊\ˆ~ Eı◊[Ã ˝^Ã Á ◊V„_X, c˜cO ˜Á aTˆÓ* Ac˜[ÃO ˝÷Y ]c˜Á◊[˝Y[¿ ˝, %‹ôˆ◊[˝„Ô [Ã ˝ÁW˝„Eı
=dEıRª ÙO Â\ˆÁG •ÁÃ[˝Á l˘Ã^ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ◊XG c˜›Tˆ EıÃ[˝Á, =ÅÁ] l˘◊≈yÃÊ«ı_ aec˜ÁÃ[˝ a[[˝ÔVÁ
%◊XrÙEıÃ[˝ XÃ^* %‹ôˆ◊[˝Ô„Ã[˝Á„W˝ ÂÃ[˝Á]ÁX l˘◊≈yÃÊ«ı_XÁ„` C Ã[˝ÁLTˆ‹óˆ-ÿöˆÁY„X ÂÃ[˝Á„]Ã[˝
◊[˝Ã[˝ÁªRÙO aÁ∂ÉˆÁLÓ %EıÁ_◊[˝XÁ„`Ã[˝ G–Áa c˜cÕ„Tˆ Ã[˝l˘Á YÁcÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜_* cÕe_„â¯ Â`üTˆ C
Ã[˝N˛ ÂGÁ_Á„YÃ[˝ %‹ôˆ◊[˝Ô„Ã[˝Á„W˝ l˘◊≈yÃÊ«ı_XÁ„` ªJÙT«ÛÔ AQˆCÃ^ÁQÔˆ, %rÙ] Âc˜XÀ◊Ã[˝ C
Ã[˝ÁS› A◊_LÁ„[˝U a«Ã[˝◊l˘Tˆ YÃ[˝Áy‘]`Á_› ◊[˝`ü◊[˝LÃ^› %ÁW˝«◊XEı cÕe_„â¯Ã[˝ ◊\ˆ◊w¯
ÿöˆÁYX Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜„_X* E«ıÃ[˝”„l˘y ^«„à˘ \ˆÁÃ[˝TˆC ÂacÕÃ[˝÷„Y Ã[˝l˘Á YÁcÕ_*
Eı◊_^«„G \ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝ %[˝X◊Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜, TˆÁc˜Á ÂEıc˜ %ÿëˆ›EıÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ XÁ*
◊Eı‹ô«ˆ %[˝X◊Tˆ %ÁXÃ^X Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ \ˆG[˝ÁX EıFX %[˝Tˆ›SÔ c˜X XÁcÕ* W˝∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝l˘Á,
◊[˝`üÃ[˝l˘Á, Â_ÁEıÃ[˝l˘ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ %[˝TˆÁÃ[˝* ◊[˝„`bTˆf Eı◊_^«„GcÕ \ˆG[˝ÁX Y…SÔ\ˆÁ„[˝
%[˝Tˆ›SÔ c˜X, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ EıÁÃ[˝S, Eı◊_„Tˆ ]ÁX«„bÃ[˝ %[˝X◊TˆÃ[˝ %◊W˝Eı \ˆÃ^, %W˝∂ˆÇÔ[˝ ◊à˘
ÿëˆÁ\ˆÁ◊[˝Eı, %TÂ[˝ ]ÁX[˝LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ Ã[˝l˘ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ, %W˝∂ˆÇÔXÁ` C W˝∂ˆÇÔÿöˆÁY„XÃ[˝ LXÓ,
Eı◊_Ã[˝ G◊Tˆ Ã[˝”à˘ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ AcÕ ^«„G Y«Xf Y«Xf %[˝TˆÁÃ[˝ c˜Ã^* `“›E ıb’ ^FX
%[˝Tˆ›SÔ c˜cÕ„_X, Eı◊_Ã[˝ Ã[˝ÁLÓ %ÁÃ[˝êˆ c˜cÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ a]Ã^ c˜cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜_, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝cÕ %Á◊[˝\ˆ¤Á„[˝
\ˆ›Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á Eı◊_ ◊X„LÃ[˝ Ã[˝Á„LÓ YVÿöˆÁYX Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝X XÁcÕ, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝cÕ Y“aÁ„V
YÃ[˝›◊l˘Tˆ Eı◊_„Eı Yá˚ G–Á] VÁX Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝cÕ ^«„G TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ AEıÁ◊W˝YTˆÓ ÿöˆ◊GTˆ
Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á Ã[˝Á◊F„_X* Â^ Eı◊_^«„GÃ[˝ %Á◊V c˜cÕ„Tˆ Â`b Y^ÔÓ‹ôˆ Eı◊_Ã[˝ a„Ü ]ÁX„[˝Ã[˝
ÂHÁÃ[˝ aeG–Á] ªJÙ◊_„Tˆ‰ªK˜ C ªJÙ◊_„[˝, ÂacÕ aeG–Á„]Ã[˝ ac˜ÁÃ^ C XÁÃÊıÃ[˝÷„Y \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝
%[˝TˆÁÃ[˝ C ◊[˝\…ˆ◊Tˆ Eı◊_„Tˆ HX HX %Á„aX, ÂacÕ aeG–Á„]Ã[˝ =Y„^ÁG› [˝–°˘„TˆL,
p˚ÁX, \ˆ◊N˛, ◊XõıÁ] Eı„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ ◊`l˘Á C Ã[˝l˘Á Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ \ˆG[˝ÁX Eı◊_Ã[˝ ]«„F ]ÁX[˝`Ã[˝›Ã[˝
W˝ÁÃ[˝S Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜„_X* \ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝ Ã[˝l˘Á ]ÁX[˝Eı_ÓÁ„SÃ[˝ ◊\ˆ◊w¯ C %Á`Áÿöˆ_* \ˆG[˝ÁX
E«ıÃ[˝”„l˘‰y \ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝ Ã[˝l˘Á Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X* ÂacÕ Ã[˝N˛a]«‰V– X…TˆX LG„TˆÃ[˝ _›_ÁY„≤ø
EıÁ_Ã[˝÷Y› ◊[˝Ã[˝ÁªRÙOY«Ã[˝”b ◊[˝c˜ÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ %ÁÃ[˝êˆ Eı◊Ã[˝„_X*
◊•Tˆ›Ã^ %W˝ÓÁÃ^
atÃ^ =[˝ÁªJÙ
Tê TÛÁ E ıYÃ^Á◊[˝rÙ]`“”Y…SÔÁE«ı„_l˘S]À*
◊[˝b›V‹ôˆ◊]Ve [˝ÁEıÓ]«[˝ÁªJÙ ]W˝«a…VXf**1**
atÃ^ [˝◊_„_X, ---

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TgˆÁc˜Á„Eı AcÕ Y“T«ˆÓw¯Ã[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„_X*
`“›\ˆG[˝ÁX«[˝ÁªJÙ
E«ıTˆÿôˆùÁ Eı`Ω_◊]Ve ◊[˝b„] a]«Y◊ÿöˆTˆ]À*
%XÁ^ÔÓL«rÙ]ÿëˆGÔÓ]Eı›◊wÔ¯EıÃ[˝]#«¤X**2**
`“›\ˆG[˝ÁX [˝◊_„_X, ---
""Âc˜ %#«¤X! AcÕ a·¯ªRÙO a]„Ã^ AcÕ %XÁ„^ÔÓÃ[˝ %ÁV Tˆ ÿëˆGÔYU„Ã[˝ÁW˝Eı %Eı›◊wÔ¯-
EıÃ[˝ ]„XÃ[˝ ]◊_XTˆÁ ÂEıÁUÁ c˜cÕ„Tˆ =Y◊ÿöˆTˆ?
Ëzı[˝Óe ]ÁÿˆÇ G]f YÁUÔ ÈXTˆd ±ºˆ^«ÓYYVÓ„Tˆ*

l«˘V–e c˜÷VÃ^„VÏ[[˝Ô_Óe TˆÓ„√º¯Á◊w¯úˆ YÃ[˝‹ôˆY**3**
""Âc˜ Y UÁTˆXÃ^! Âc˜ `y”V]„X a]UÔ! zı›[˝±ºˆ %Á`“Ã^ Eı◊Ã[˝C XÁ, cÕc˜Á ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝
a+…SÔ %X«Y^«N˛* AcÕ l«˘V– ]„XÃ[˝ V«[[˝Ô_TˆÁ Y◊Ã[˝TˆÓÁG EıÃ[˝, CPˆ*''
`“›E ı„b’Ã[˝ =w¯Ã[˝
`“›E ıb’ ÂV◊F„_X %#«X¤ E ıYÁÃ^ %Á◊[˝rÙ c˜c˜^ÃO Á‰ªK˜, ◊[˝bÁV TˆÁc˜Á„Eı G–Áa Eı◊[Ã ˝^Ã Á‰ªK˜*
AcÕ TˆÁ]◊aEı \ˆÁ[˝ %Y„XÁVX Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ %‹ôˆ^ÔÓÁ]› TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ◊Y“Ã^ aFÁ„Eı
l˘◊≈y„Ã^Á◊ªJÙTˆ ◊TˆÃ[˝ïıÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„_X, TˆÁc˜Á„Tˆ ^◊V Ã[˝ÁL◊aEı \ˆÁ[˝ LÁG◊Ã[˝Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á
Tˆ]f„Eı V…Ã[˝ Eı„Ã[˝* ◊Tˆ◊X [˝◊_„_X, ÂVF, cÕc˜Á ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ ÿëˆY„l˘Ã[˝ a·¯ªRÙOEıÁ_, AFX
^◊V T«ˆ◊] %ÿóˆ Y◊Ã[˝TˆÓÁG EıÃ[˝, TˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ a+…SÔ ◊[˝YV C ◊[˝XÁ„`Ã[˝ aêˆÁ[˝XÁ %Á‰ªK˜*
Ã[˝S„l˘‰y ÿëˆYl˘TˆÓÁG ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ XÓÁÃ^ l˘◊≈yÃ^‰`“„úˆÃ[˝ ]„X =◊Pˆ[˝ÁÃ[˝ EıUÁ XÃ^, ÂEıÁUÁ
c˜cÕ„Tˆ c˜PˆÁd AcÕ V«∂ˆÇÔ◊Tˆ? ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ \ˆÁ[˝ V«[[˝Ô_TˆÁY…SÔ, YÁYY…SÔ* %XÁ^ÔÓGS AcÕ
\ˆÁ[˝ Y“èaÁ Eı„Ã[˝, TˆÁc˜Á[Ã ˝ [˝` c˜^Ã , ◊Eı‹ôˆ« TˆÁc˜Á %Á„^ÔÓ[Ã ˝ %X«◊Jª ÙTˆ, TˆÁc˜Á„Tˆ YÃ[˝„_Á„Eı
ÿëˆGÔY“Á◊äÃ[˝ ◊[˝H¬ c˜Ã^ A[˝e cÕc˜„_Á„Eı ^` C Eı›◊wÔ¯Ã[˝ Â_ÁY c˜Ã^* TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Y„Ã[˝
%ÁÃ[˝C ]∂ˆÇÔ„\ˆV› ◊TˆÃ[˝ïıÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„_X* AcÕ \ˆÁ[˝ zı›„[˝Á◊ªJÙTˆ, T«ˆ◊] [˝›Ã[˝‰`“úˆ, T«ˆ◊]
ÂLTˆÁ, T«ˆ◊] E«ı◊‹ôˆÃ[˝ Y«y, T«ˆ◊] AcÕÃ[˝÷Y EıUÁ [˝_? AcÕ Y“Á„SÃ[˝ V«[[˝Ô_TˆÁ TˆÓÁG
EıÃ[˝, CPˆ, ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ EıwÔ¯[˝ÓEı„∂ˆÇÔ =„VÓÁG› c˜C*
E ıYÁ C VÃ^Á
E ıYÁ C VÃ^Á ÿëˆTˆ‹óˆ \ˆÁ[˝, A]X ◊Eı E ıYÁ VÃ^ÁÃ[˝ ◊[˝„Ã[˝ÁW˝› \ˆÁ[˝C c˜cÕ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝*
%Á]Ã[˝Á VÃ^ÁÃ[˝ [˝„` LG„TˆÃ[˝ Eı_ÓÁS Eı◊Ã[˝, ]ÁX«„bÃ[˝ V«fF, LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ V«fF, Y„Ã[˝Ã[˝
V«fF Â]ÁªJÙX Eı◊Ã[˝* ^◊V ◊X„LÃ[˝ V«fF [˝Á [˝Ó◊N˛◊[˝„`„bÃ[˝ V«fF ac˜Ó XÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ
YÁ◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ÂacÕ Eı_ÓÁSaÁW˝„X ◊X[˝ w¯ c˜cÕ, TˆÁc˜Á c˜cÕ„_ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ VÃ^Á XÁcÕ, E ıYÁÃ[˝cÕ
%Á„[˝` c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜* a]ÿôˆ ]ÁX[˝LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ [˝Á ÂV„`Ã[˝ V«fF„]ÁªJÙX Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ =◊Pˆ_Á],
ÂacÕ \ˆÁ[˝ VÃ^ÁÃ[˝* Ã[˝N˛YÁ„TˆÃ[˝ \ˆ„Ã^, Y“ÁS›◊c˜eaÁÃ[˝ \ˆ„Ã^ ÂacÕ Y«SÓEıÁ„^ÔÓ ◊[˝Ã[˝Tˆ
c˜cÕ_Á], LG„TˆÃ[˝, LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ V«f„FÃ[˝ ◊ªJÙÃ[˝ÿöˆÁ◊Ã^TˆÁÃ^ aÁÃ^ ◊V_Á], AcÕ \ˆÁ[˝ E ıYÁÃ[˝*
Â_Á„EıÃ[˝ V«f„F V«fF› c˜cÕÃ^Á Â^ V«fF„]ÁªJÙ„XÃ[˝ Y“[˝_ Y“[˝ ◊w¯ TˆÁc˜Á„Eı VÃ^Á [˝„_*
Y„Ã[˝Ã[˝ V«fF◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁÃ^ [˝Á V«fFV`Ô„X EıÁTˆÃ[˝ c˜CÃ^Á, AcÕ \ˆÁ[˝„Eı E ıYÁ [˝„_* EıÁTˆÃ[˝TˆÁ
VÃ^Á X„c˜, E ıYÁ* VÃ^Á [˝_[˝Á„XÃ[˝ W˝∂ˆÇÔ, E ıYÁ V«[[˝Ô„_Ã[˝ W˝∂ˆÇÔ* VÃ^ÁÃ[˝ %Á„[˝„`
[˝«à˘„V[˝ ÿóˆ›Y«y, ◊YTˆÁ]ÁTˆÁ, [˝µ˘«[˝Áµ˘[˝„Eı V«fF› C c˜÷Tâ[[˝Ôÿëˆ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á LG„TˆÃ[˝
V«fF„]ÁªJÙX Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ ◊XGÔTˆ c˜cÕ„_X* Tˆ›[˝– VÃ^ÁÃ[˝ %Á„[˝„` =XΩw¯ EıÁ_› LGd]Ã^
%a«Ã[˝ aec˜ÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á Y ◊U[˝›„Eı Ã[˝N˛Y¿Á◊[˝Tˆ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á aEı„_Ã[˝ V«fF„]ÁªJÙX Eı◊Ã[˝„_X*
%#«¤X E ıYÁÃ[˝ %Á„[˝„` `ÿóˆ Y◊Ã[˝TˆÓÁG Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜„_X*
AcÕ \ˆÁ[˝ %XÁ^ÔÓ-Y“è◊aTˆ, %XÁ^ÔÓ-%ÁªJÙ◊Ã[˝Tˆ* %Á^ÔÓ◊`l˘Á =VÁÃ[˝, [˝›„Ã[˝Á◊ªJÙTˆ,
ÂV[˝TˆÁÃ[˝ ◊`l˘Á* %XÁ^ÔÓ Â]Á„c˜ Y◊QÕˆÃ^Á %X«VÁÃ[˝ \ˆÁ[˝„Eı W˝∂ˆÇÔ [˝◊_Ã^Á =VÁÃ[˝ W˝∂ˆÇÔ
Y◊Ã[˝TˆÓÁG Eı„Ã[˝* %XÁ^ÔÓ Ã[˝ÁL◊aEı\ˆÁ„[˝ \ˆÁ[˝Á◊XüTˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á ◊X„LÃ[˝, ◊Y“Ã^L„XÃ[˝,
◊XL Y◊Ã[˝[˝Á„Ã[˝Ã[˝ [˝Á E«ı„_Ã[˝ ◊c˜Tˆ ÂV„F, ◊[˝Ã[˝ÁªRÙO Eı_ÓÁS ÂV„F XÁ, E ıYÁÃ^ W˝∂ˆÇÔYÃ[˝Á´¡«F
c˜c˜^ÃO Á ◊X„L„Eı Y«SÓ[˝ÁX [˝◊_Ã^Á G[[˝Ô Eı„[Ã ˝, Eı‰PˆÁ[Ã ˝[˝T– ˆ› %Á^ÔÓ„Eı ◊Xú«ˆ[Ã ˝ C %W˝Á◊∂ˆÇEÔ ı
[˝„_* %XÁ^ÔÓ TˆÁ]◊aEı Â]Á„c˜ ]«Ñ˘ c˜cÕÃ^Á %Y“[˝ ◊w¯„Eı ◊X[˝ ◊w¯ [˝„_, aEıÁ]
Y«SÓ◊Y“Ã^TˆÁ„Eı W˝∂ˆÇÔX›◊TˆÃ[˝ >W[˝ÔTˆ] %ÁaX Y“VÁX Eı„Ã[˝* VÃ^Á %Á„^ÔÓÃ[˝ \ˆÁ[˝* E ıYÁ
%XÁ„^ÔÓÃ[˝ \ˆÁ[˝*
Y«Ã[˝”b VÃ^ÁÃ[˝ [˝„` [˝›Ã[˝\ˆÁ„[˝ Y„Ã[˝Ã[˝ %]Ü_ C V«fF„Eı ◊[˝XÁ` Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ
%]Ü„_Ã[˝ a„Ü ^«„à˘ Y“[˝ w¯ c˜Ã^* XÁÃ[˝› VÃ^ÁÃ[˝ [˝„` Y„Ã[˝Ã[˝ V«fF_ÁH„[˝Ã[˝ L„XÓ
£`“÷bÁÃ^, ^‰±Ûˆ C YÃ[˝◊c˜Tˆ‰ªJÙrÙÁÃ^ a]ÿôˆ Y“ÁS C `◊N˛ ªRÙÁ◊_Ã^Á ÂVÃ^* Â^ E ıYÁÃ[˝
[˝„` %ÿóˆ Y◊Ã[˝TˆÓÁG Eı„Ã[˝, W˝„∂ˆÇÔ YÃ[˝Á´¡«F c˜Ã^, EgıÁ◊V„Tˆ [˝◊aÃ^Á \ˆÁ„[˝ %Á]ÁÃ[˝
EıwÔ¯[˝Ó Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ◊Kª ˜, %Á◊] Y«SÓ[˝ÁX, --- Âa zı›[˝* AcÕ \ˆÁ[˝ l«˘V,– AcÕ \ˆÁ[˝ V«[[˝_Ô TˆÁ*
◊[˝bÁV EıFX W˝∂ˆÇÔ c˜cÕ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ XÁ* Â^ ◊[˝bÁV„Eı %Á`“Ã^ ÂVÃ^, Âa YÁY„Eı %Á`“Ã^
ÂVÃ^* AcÕ ◊ªJÙw¯]◊_XTˆÁ, AcÕ %£à˘ C V«[[˝Ô_\ˆÁ[˝ Y◊Ã[˝TˆÓÁG Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ^«„à˘ =„VÓÁG›
c˜cÕÃ^Á EıwÔ¯[˝ÓYÁ_„X LG„TˆÃ[˝ Ã[˝l˘Á, W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ Ã[˝l˘Á, Y ◊U[˝›Ã[˝ \ˆÁÃ[˝ _ÁH[˝ EıÃ[˝ÁcÕ
Ê`“Ã^f* cÕc˜ÁcÕ `“›E ı„b’Ã[˝ AcÕ =◊N˛Ã[˝ ]∂ˆÇÔ*
%#«¤X =[˝ÁªJÙ
EıUe \ˆ›πÇ]c˜e ae„FÓ ÊV–ÁSá˚ ]W˝«a…VX*
cÕb«◊\ˆf Y“◊Tˆ„^ÁdaÓÁ◊] Y…LÁc˜¤Á[˝◊Ã[˝a…VX**4**
%#«¤X [˝◊_„_X, ---
""Âc˜ ]W˝a« V… X, Âc˜ `y”XÁÈıÁ[Ã ˝›, %Á◊] ◊Eı[Ã ˝÷„Y \ˆ›πÇ C ÊV–ÁS„Eı ^«„à˘ Y“◊Tˆ„[Ã ˝ÁW˝
Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ÂacÕ Y…LX›Ã^ mÃ[˝”L„XÃ[˝ ◊[˝Ã[˝”„à˘ %ÿóˆ◊X„l˘Y Eı◊Ã[˝[˝?
mÃ[˝÷Xc˜±ºˆÁ ◊c˜ ]c˜ÁX«\ˆÁ[˝ÁXÀ Ê`“„Ã^Á Â\ˆÁN«˛e È\ˆl˘Ó]Y›c˜ Â_Á„Eı*
c˜±ºˆÁUÔEıÁ]Áeÿô«ˆ mÃ[˝÷◊XÍc˜[˝ \«ˆt›Ã^ Â\ˆÁGÁXÀ Ã[˝”◊W˝Ã[˝Y“◊VÑ˘ÁXÀ**5**
AcÕ =VÁÃ[˝‰ªJÙTˆÁ mÃ[˝”LX„Eı [˝W˝ XÁ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á Y ◊U[˝›„Tˆ ◊\ˆFÁÃ[˝›Ã[˝ %[˝ÿöˆÁ Â\ˆÁG
EıÃ[˝Á Ê`“Ã^f* mÃ[˝”LX„Eı ^◊V [˝W˝ Eı◊Ã[˝, W˝∂ˆÇÔ C Â]Ál˘ c˜ÁÃ[˝ÁcÕÃ^Á ÂEı[˝_ %UÔ C
EıÁ] Â\ˆÁG Eı◊Ã[˝[˝, ÂaC Ã[˝”◊W˝Ã[˝ÁN˛ ◊[˝bÃ^„\ˆÁG A[˝e Y ◊U[˝›„TˆcÕ Â\ˆÁGÓ, Y“ÁSTˆÓÁG
Y^ÔÓ‹ôˆ UÁ„Eı*
X ËªJÙTˆVÀ◊[˝≤øf EıTˆÃ[˝‰~Á GÃ[˝›„Ã^Á ^VÀ[˝Á L„Ã^] ^◊V [˝Á ÂXÁ L„Ã^Ã^«f*
^Á„X[˝ c˜±ºˆÁ X ◊LL›◊[˝bÁ]‰ÿôˆ õ˜[˝◊ÿöˆTˆÁf Y“]«„F W˝ÁwÔ¯Ã[˝Ár—ÙÁf**6**
ÂacÕ Âc˜T«ˆ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ LÃ^ [˝Á YÃ[˝ÁLÃ^, ÂEıÁXÀªRÙO› %◊W˝Eı Y“ÁUÔX›Ã^, TˆÁc˜Á %Á]Ã[˝Á
[˝«◊Mı„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝ XÁ* ^gÁc˜Á◊VG„Eı [˝W˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„_ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ L›◊[˝Tˆ UÁ◊Eı[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÂEıÁX cÕ¨K˜Á
UÁ◊Eı„[˝ XÁ, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ÁcÕ ◊[˝Yl˘›Ã^ Èa„XÓÃ[˝ %G–\ˆÁ„G =Y◊ÿöˆTˆ, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á W˝ TˆÃ[˝Á r—Ù-
Y«yG„SÃ[˝ ÈaXÓXÁÃÊı*
EıÁYÔSÓ„VÁ„bÁYc˜Tˆÿëˆ\ˆÁ[˝f Y ¨K˜Á◊] ±ºˆÁe W˝∂ˆÇÔae]…ªRÕÙ‰ªJÙTˆÁf*
^‰¨n—˜Ã^f aÓÁ◊~◊∏JÙTê [˝–÷◊c˜ Tˆ„XΩ ◊`bÓ‰ÿôˆõ˜c˜e `Á◊W˝ ]Áe ±ºˆÁe Y“Y~]À**7**
V›XTˆÁ ÂVÁ„b %Á]ÁÃ[˝ l˘◊≈yÃ^ÿëˆ\ˆÁ[˝ %◊\ˆ\…ˆTˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜, W˝∂ˆÇÔÁW˝∂ˆÇÔ a∂ëˆ„µ˘ %Á]ÁÃ[˝
[˝«◊à˘ ◊[˝]…ªRÕÙ, ÂacÕLXÓ ÂTˆÁ]Á„Eı Y“`¬ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ◊ªK˜, T«ˆ◊] %Á]Á„Eı ◊Eı„a„Tˆ Ê`“Ã^f
c˜cÕ„[˝ ◊X◊∏JÙTˆ\ˆÁ„[˝ TˆÁc˜Á [˝_, %Á◊] ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ ◊`bÓ, ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ ◊XEıªRÙO `Ã[˝S _cÕ_Á],
%Á]Á„Eı ◊`l˘Á VÁC*
X ◊c˜ Y“Y`ÓÁ◊] ]]ÁYX«VÓÁVÀ ^‰¨K˜ÁEı]«‰¨K˜ÁbS◊]◊≥V–Ã^ÁSÁ]À*
%[˝ÁYÓ \…ˆ]Á[˝aY±Ûˆ] à˘e Ã[˝ÁLÓe a«Ã[˝ÁSÁ]◊Y ªJÙÁ◊W˝YTˆÓ]À**ªª8**
ÂEıX XÁ, Y ◊U[˝›„Tˆ %aY±Ûˆ Ã[˝ÁLÓ A[˝e ÂV[˝G„SÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝C %Á◊W˝YTˆÓ _Á\ˆ
Eı◊Ã[˝„_C AcÕ Â`ÁEı %Á]ÁÃ[˝ aEı_ cÕ◊≥V–„Ã^Ã[˝ ÂTˆL Â`ÁbS Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á _cÕ„[˝, ÂacÕ
Â`ÁEıÁY„XÁV„XÃ[˝ ÂEıÁX =YÁÃ^ %Á◊] ÂV◊F XÁ*''
%#«¤„XÃ[˝ ◊`l˘ÁY“ÁUÔXÁ
`“›E ı„b’Ã[˝ =◊N˛Ã[˝ =„Å`Ó %#«X¤ [˝◊« Mı„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝„_X, ◊Tˆ◊X [Ã ˝ÁLX›◊TÊı %ÁY◊w¯
=xÁYX Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ ◊[˝Ã[˝Tˆ c˜cÕ„_X, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ %ÁÃ[˝ Â^ Â^ %ÁY◊w¯ ◊ªK˜_, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ÂEıÁX
=w¯Ã[˝ XÁ YÁcÕÃ^Á `“›E ı„b’Ã[˝ ◊XEıªRÙO ◊`l˘Á„UÔ `Ã[˝SÁGTˆ c˜cÕ„_X* ◊Tˆ◊X [˝◊_„_X,
""%Á◊] ÿëˆ›EıÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝ %Á◊] l˘◊≈yÃ^, E ıYÁÃ[˝ [˝`[˝w¯fi c˜cÕÃ^Á ]c˜d EıÁ„^ÔÓ ◊[˝Ã[˝Tˆ
c˜CÃ^Á %Á]ÁÃ[˝ Y„l˘ zı›[˝±ºâ…ªJÙEı, %Eı›◊wÔ¯LXEı, W˝∂ˆÇÔ◊[˝Ã[˝”à˘* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ]XC ]Á„X
XÁ, Y“ÁSC ]Á„X XÁ* ]X [˝„_, mÃ[˝”LX c˜TˆÓÁ ]c˜ÁYÁY, ◊XL a«„FÃ[˝ LXÓ
mÃ[˝”LX„Eı c˜TˆÓÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„_ %W˝„∂ˆÇÔ Y◊TˆTˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á W˝∂ˆÇÔ, Â]Ál˘, YÃ[˝„_ÁEı, ^Ác˜Á
[˝Ás˙X›Ã^, aEı_cÕ ^ÁcÕ„[˝* EıÁ]XÁ T ˆä c˜cÕ„[˝, %UÔ& c˜Á T ˆä c˜cÕ„[˝, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ Âa
EıÃ^◊VX? %W˝∂ˆÇÔ_ç˘ Â\ˆÁG Y“ÁSTˆÓÁG Y^ÔÓ‹ôˆ ÿöˆÁÃ^›, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ YÃ[˝ %◊X[[˝ÔªJÙX›Ã^ V«GÔ◊Tˆ
c˜Ã^* %ÁÃ[˝ ^FX Â\ˆÁG Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝, TˆFX ÂacÕ Â\ˆÁ„GÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó mÃ[˝”L„XÃ[˝ Ã[˝„N˛Ã[˝
%ÁÿëˆÁV YÁcÕÃ^Á ◊Eı a«F [˝Á `Á◊‹ôˆ c˜cÕ„[˝? Y“ÁS [˝„_, cÕc˜ÁÃ[˝Á %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ◊Y“Ã^LX,
cÕc˜Á„VÃ[˝ c˜TˆÓÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„_ %Á◊] %ÁÃ[˝ AcÕ L„XΩ a«F„\ˆÁG Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝[˝ XÁ, [˝gÁ◊ªJÙ„TˆC
ªJÙÁcÕ XÁ* T«ˆ◊] ^◊V %Á]Á„Eı a]ÿôˆ Y ◊U[˝›Ã[˝ aÁ∂ÉˆÁLÓ„\ˆÁG VÁC [˝Á ÿëˆGÔ LÃ^ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á
cÕ‰≥V–Ã[˝ B`ü^ÔÓ„\ˆÁG VÁC, %Á◊] ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ £◊X[˝ XÁ* Â^ Â`ÁEı %Á]Á„Eı %◊\ˆ\…ˆTˆ
Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝, TˆÁc˜Á •ÁÃ[˝Á a]ÿôˆ Eı„∂ˆÇÔ≈◊≥V–Ã^ C p˚Á„X◊≥V–Ã^ %◊\ˆ\…ˆTˆ C %[˝a~ c˜cÕÃ^Á
ÿëˆ ÿëˆ EıÁ„^ÔÓ ◊`◊U_ C %a]UÔ c˜cÕ„[˝, TˆFX T«ˆ◊] ◊Eı Â\ˆÁG Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝? %Á]ÁÃ[˝
◊[˝b] ◊ªJÙ„w¯Ã[˝ V›XTˆÁ =Y◊ÿöˆTˆ, ]c˜ÁXÀ l˘◊≈yÃ^ÿëˆ\ˆÁ[˝ ÂacÕ V›XTˆÁÃ^ Q«ˆ◊[˝Ã^Á ◊GÃ^Á‰ªK˜*
%Á◊] ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ ◊XEıªRÙO `Ã[˝S _cÕ_Á]* %Á]Á„Eı p˚ÁX, `◊N˛, `“à˘Á VÁC, Ê`“Ã^fYU
ÂVFÁcÕÃ^Á Ã[˝l˘Á EıÃ[˝*''
\ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ ◊XEıªRÙO a+…S\Ô ˆÁ„[˝ `Ã[˝SÁGTˆ c˜C^Ã Á G›„TˆÁN˛ Â^Á„GÃ[˝ Y‹öˆÁ* c˜cO ˜Á„Eı
%Á±¡a]YÔS [˝Á %Á±¡◊X„[˝VX [˝„_* ◊^◊X \ˆG[˝ÁX„Eı mÃ[˝”, Y“\«ˆ, aFÁ, YUY“V`ÔEı
[˝◊_Ã^Á %ÁÃ[˝ aEı_ W˝∂ˆÇÔ„Eı L_Át◊_ ◊V„Tˆ Y“ÿô«ˆTˆ, YÁY Y«SÓ, EıwÔ¯[˝Ó %EıwÔ¯[˝Ó,
W˝∂ˆÇÔ %W˝∂ˆÇÔ, aTˆÓ %aTˆÓ, ]Ü_ %]Ü_ ◊[˝ªJÙÁÃ[˝ XÁ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ◊XL p˚ÁX Eı∂ˆÇÔ C
aÁW˝XÁÃ[˝ a]ÿôˆ \ˆÁ[˝ `“›E ıb’„Eı %YÔS Eı„Ã[˝X, ◊Tˆ◊XcÕ G›„TˆÁN˛ Â^Á„GÃ[˝ %◊W˝EıÁÃ[˝›*
%#«¤X `“›E ıb’„Eı [˝◊_„_X, T«ˆ◊] ^◊V mÃ[˝”c˜TˆÓÁC Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ [˝_, cÕc˜Á„Eı W˝∂ˆÇÔ C
EıwÔ¯[˝ÓEı∂ˆÇÔ [˝◊_Ã^Á [˝«MıÁcÕÃ^Á VÁC, %Á◊] TˆÁc˜ÁcÕ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝* AcÕ G\ˆ›Ã[˝ `“à˘ÁÃ[˝ [˝„_
%#«¤X a]aÁ]◊ÃÊı aEı_ ]c˜ÁY«Ã[˝”b„Eı %◊Tˆy‘] Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á G›„TˆÁN˛ ◊`l˘ÁÃ[˝ Ê`“úˆ
YÁy [˝◊_Ã^Á G c˜›Tˆ c˜cÕ„_X*
=w¯„Ã[˝ `“›E ıb’ Y“U] %#«¤„XÃ[˝ V«cÕ %ÁY◊w¯ Fâ¯X Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Y„Ã[˝ mÃ[˝”Ã[˝
\ˆÁÃ[˝ G–c˜S Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á %Áa_ p˚ÁX ◊V„Tˆ %ÁÃ[˝êˆ Eı◊Ã[˝„_X* 3ª8 Ê`¿ÁEı Y^ÔÓ‹ôˆ
%ÁY◊w¯Fâ¯X, TˆÁc˜Á[Ã ˝ Y„Ã[˝ G›„TˆÁN˛ ◊`l˘Á[Ã ˝ %ÁÃ[˝êˆ c˜^Ã * ◊Eı‹ôˆ« AcÕ %ÁY◊w¯Fâ¯„XÃ[˝
]„W˝Ó Eı„ÃÊıªRÙO› %]…_Ó ◊`l˘Á YÁCÃ^Á ^ÁÃ^, ^Ác˜Á XÁ [˝«◊Mı„_ G›TˆÁÃ[˝ ◊`l˘Á c˜÷VÃ^Ü]
c˜Ã^ XÁ* AcÕ Eı„ÃÊıªRÙO› EıUÁ ◊[˝ÿôˆÁ◊Ã[˝Tˆ \ˆÁ„[˝ %Á„_ÁªJÙXÁ EıÃ[˝Á Y“„Ã^ÁLX*
atÃ^ =[˝ÁªJÙ
A[˝]«Nù˛Á c˜÷b›„Eıè mQÕˆÁ„Eı`f YÃ[˝‹ôˆYf*
X Â^ÁdaÓ cÕ◊Tˆ ÂGÁ◊[˝≥V]«Nù˛Á T«ˆb’›e [˝\…ˆ[˝ c˜**9**
atÃ^ [˝◊_„_X, ---
YÃ[˝‹ôˆY mQÕˆÁ„Eı` c˜÷b›„Eı`„Eı AcÕ EıUÁ [˝◊_Ã^Á %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÂacÕ ÂGÁ◊[˝≥V„Eı
[˝◊_„_X, ""%Á◊] ^«à˘ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ XÁ'' A[˝e X›Ã[˝[˝ c˜cÕÃ^Á Ã[˝◊c˜„_X*
Tˆ]«[˝ÁªJÙ c˜÷b›„Eı`f Y“cã◊~[˝ \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ*

ÂaX„Ã^ÁÃ[˝”\ˆ„Ã^Á∂ˆÇÔ„W˝Ó ◊[˝b›V‹ôˆ◊]Ve [˝ªJÙf**10**
`“›E ıb’ <bVÀ c˜ÁaÓ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á V«cÕ ÂaXÁÃ[˝ ]W˝Óÿöˆ„_ ◊[˝b| %#«¤X„Eı AcÕ =w¯Ã[˝
◊V„_X*
`“›\ˆG[˝ÁX«[˝ÁªJÙ
%„`ÁªJÙÓÁXXü„`ÁªJÙÿôˆùe Y“p˚Á[˝ÁVÁe∏JÙ \ˆÁb„a*
GTˆÁa…XGTˆÁa…e∏JÙ XÁX«„`ÁªJÙ◊‹ôˆ Y◊â¯TˆÁf**11**
`“›\ˆG[˝ÁX [˝◊_„_X, ---
""^Ác˜Á„VÃ[˝ LXÓ Â`ÁEı EıÃ[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÂEıÁX EıÁÃ[˝S XÁcÕ, T«ˆ◊] TˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ LXÓ Â`ÁEı
EıÃ[˝, %UªJÙ p˚ÁX›Ã[˝ XÓÁÃ^ Tˆ√º¯EıUÁ _cÕÃ^Á [˝ÁV◊[˝[˝ÁV Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ ÊªJÙrÙÁ EıÃ[˝, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á
Tˆ√º¯p˚ÁX› TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á ] Tˆ [˝Á L›◊[˝Tˆ EıÁc˜ÁÃ[˝C LXÓ Â`ÁEı Eı„Ã[˝X XÁ*
X Â±ºˆ[˝Ác˜e LÁT«ˆ XÁae X ±ºê ÂX„] LXÁ◊W˝YÁf*
X ËªJÙ[˝ X \ˆ◊[˝bÓÁ]f a„[[˝Ô [˝Ã^]TˆfYÃ[˝]À**12**
cÕc˜ÁC X„c˜ Â^ %Á◊] Y…„[[˝Ô ◊ªK˜_Á] XÁ [˝Á T«ˆ◊] ◊ªK˜„_ XÁ [˝Á AcÕ X Y◊Tˆ[˝ ≥V
◊ªK˜_ XÁ, cÕc˜ÁC X„c˜ Â^ %Á]Ã[˝Á aEı„_ ÂVc˜TˆÓÁ„GÃ[˝ Y„Ã[˝ %ÁÃ[˝ UÁ◊Eı[˝ XÁ*
ÂV◊c˜„XÁõ˜◊ÿˆÇXÀ ÛÁ ÂV„c˜ ÂEıÏ]ÁÃ[˝e Â^Ï[˝Xe LÃ[˝Á*
TÛÁ ÂVc˜Á‹ôˆÃ[˝Y“Á◊äW˝fiÃ[˝ÿôˆy X ]«c˜Ó◊Tˆ**13**
Â^]X AcÕ L›[˝-%◊W˝◊úˆTˆ ÂV„c˜ [˝Á_Ó, Â^Ï[˝X, [˝Áà˘E¤ ıÓ EıÁ„_Ã[˝ G◊Tˆ„Tˆ c˜^Ã ,
ÂTˆ]XcÕ ÂVc˜Á‹ôˆ[Ã ˝YÁ“ ◊äC EıÁ„_Ã[˝ G◊Tˆ„Tˆ c˜^Ã , TˆÁc˜Á„Tˆ ◊ÿöˆ [Ã ˝[˝◊« à˘ p˚ÁX› ◊[˝]Rª… ÙÕ c˜X XÁ*
]ÁyÁ&`ÔÁÿô«ˆ ÂEıÏ„‹ôˆÃ^ `›„TˆÁb’a«FV«fFVÁf*
%ÁG]ÁYÁ◊Ã^„XÁõ˜◊XTˆÓÁÿôˆÁe◊ÿôˆ◊Tˆl˘ÿëˆ \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ**14**
]Ã[˝S ◊EıªK«˜cÕ XÃ^, Â^ ◊[˝bÃ^&„`Ô `›Tˆ, =b’, a«F, V«fF cÕTˆÓÁ◊V aeïıÁÃ[˝ a rÙ
c˜Ã^, ÂacÕ &`ÔaEı_ %◊XTˆÓ, %Á„a, ^ÁÃ^, ÂacÕaEı_ %◊[˝ªJÙ◊_Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á G–c˜S
Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ %\ˆÓÁa EıÃ[˝*
ê ◊c˜ X [˝ÓUÃ^„‹ôˆÓ„Tˆ Y«Ã[˝”be Y«Ã[˝”bbÔ\ˆ*

a]V«fFa«Fe W˝›Ã[˝e ÂaÁõ˜] Tˆ±ºˆÁÃ^ Eıî„Tˆ**15**
Â^ ◊ÿöˆÃ[˝[˝«◊à˘ Y«Ã[˝”b AcÕ &`ÔaEı_ Â\ˆÁG Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^ÁC [˝Ó◊UTˆ c˜X XÁ, Tˆda rÙ
a«F V«fF a]\ˆÁ„[˝ G–c˜S Eı„Ã[˝X, ◊Tˆ◊XcÕ ] T«ˆÓ LÃ^ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ al˘] c˜X*
XÁa„TˆÁ ◊[˝VÓ„Tˆ \ˆÁ„[˝Á XÁ\ˆÁ„[˝Á ◊[˝VÓ„Tˆ aTˆf*
=\ˆ„Ã^ÁÃ[˝◊Y V ‰rÙÁõ˜‹ôˆÿôˆùX„Ã^Áÿôˆ√º¯V◊`Ô◊\ˆf**16**
^Ác˜Á %ad TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ %◊ÿôˆ±ºˆ c˜Ã^ XÁ, ^Ác˜Á ad TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ◊[˝XÁ` c˜Ã^ XÁ, TÛÁ◊Y
ad C %ad V«cÕªRÙO›Ã[˝ %‹ôˆ c˜Ã^, cÕc˜Á Tˆ√º¯V`fiGS V`ÔX Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X*
%◊[˝XÁ`› T«ˆ Tˆ◊•◊à˘ Â^X a[[˝Ô◊]Ve TˆTˆ]À*
◊[˝XÁ`][˝ÓÃâÓÁaÓ X Eı◊∏JÙd Eıw«Ô¯]c˜¤◊Tˆ**17**
◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ^Ác˜Á AcÕa]ÿôˆ V `ÓLGd ◊X„LÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó ◊[˝ÿôˆÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X, ÂacÕ %Á±¡ÁÃ[˝
l˘Ã^ c˜Ã^ XÁ, ÂEıc˜ TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ W[˝ea Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ XÁ*
%‹ôˆ[˝‹ôˆ cÕ„] ÂVc˜Á ◊XTˆÓ„aÓÁN˛Áf `Ã[˝›◊Ã[˝Sf*
%XÁ◊`„XÁõ˜Y“„]ÃâÓ TˆÿˆÇÁVÀ ^«W˝Óÿëˆ \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ**1ª8**
◊XTˆÓ ÂVc˜Á◊`“Tˆ %Á±¡ÁÃ[˝ AcÕ aEı_ ÂV„c˜Ã[˝ %‹ôˆ %Á‰ªK˜, %Á±¡Á %a›] C
%X`üÃ[˝; %TÂ[˝, Âc˜ \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ, ^«à˘ EıÃ[˝*
^ AXe Â[˝◊w¯ c˜‹ôˆÁÃ[˝e ^Î∏JÙXe ]XÓ„Tˆ c˜Tˆ]À*
=„\ˆÏ ÂTˆÏ X ◊[˝LÁX›„TˆÁ XÁÃê c˜◊∂ôˆ X c˜XÓ„Tˆ**19**
◊^◊X %Á±¡Á„Eı c˜‹ôˆÁ [˝„_X A[˝e ◊^◊X ÂVc˜XÁ„` %Á±¡Á„Eı ◊Xc˜Tˆ [˝◊_Ã^Á
Â[˝Á„MıX, V«cÕ LXcÕ }Á‹ôˆ, %p˚, AcÕ %Á±¡Á c˜TˆÓÁC Eı„Ã[˝ XÁ, c˜TˆC c˜Ã^ XÁ*
X LÁÃ^„Tˆ ◊∂Éˆ Ã^„Tˆ [˝Á EıVÁ◊ªJÙ~ÁÃê \…ˆ±ºˆÁ \ˆ◊[˝TˆÁ [˝Á X \…ˆÃ^f*
%„LÁ ◊XTˆÓf `Á`ü„TˆÁõ˜Ãê Y«Ã[˝Á„SÁ X c˜XÓ„Tˆ c˜XÓ]Á„X `Ã[˝›„Ã[˝**20**
AcÕ %Á±¡ÁÃ[˝ LXΩ XÁc˜,O ] Tˆ« Ó XÁc˜,O TˆÁc˜Á[Ã ˝ EıFXC =‡ˆ[˝ c˜^Ã XÁcÕ A[˝e EıFXC
Â_ÁY c˜cÕ„[˝ XÁ* Âa LXΩÃ[˝◊c˜Tˆ, ◊XTˆÓ, aXÁTˆX, Y«Ã[˝ÁTˆX, ÂVc˜XÁ„` c˜Tˆ c˜Ã^ XÁ*
Â[˝VÁ◊[˝XÁ◊`Xe ◊XTˆÓe ^ AX]L][˝ÓÃ^]À*

EıUe a Y«Ã[˝”bf YÁUÔ! Eıe HÁTˆÃ^◊Tˆ c˜◊‹ôˆ Eı]À**21**
◊^◊X cÕc˜Á„Eı ◊XTˆÓ, %X`üÃ[˝ C %l˘Ã^ [˝◊_Ã^Á LÁ„XX, ÂacÕ Y«Ã[˝”b ◊EıÃ[˝÷„Y
EıÁc˜Á„Eı c˜TˆÓÁ Eı„Ã[˝X [˝Á EıÃ[˝ÁX?
[˝ÁaÁe◊a L›SÔÁ◊X ÛÁ ◊[˝c˜ÁÃ^ X[˝Á◊X G c˜‘Á◊Tˆ X„Ã[˝Áõ˜YÃ[˝Á◊S*
TÛÁ `Ã[˝›Ã[˝Á◊S ◊[˝c˜ÁÃ^ L›SÔÁXÓXÓÁ◊X ae^Á◊Tˆ X[˝Á◊X ÂVc˜›**22**
Â^]X ]ÁX«b L›SÔ [˝ÿóˆ ÂZı◊_Ã^Á %XÓ X…TˆX [˝ÿóˆ G–c˜S Eı„Ã[˝, ÂacÕ Ã[˝÷„YcÕ
L›[˝ L›SÔ ÂVc˜ ÂZı◊_Ã^Á %XÓ X…TˆX ÂVc˜„Eı %Á`“Ã^ Eı„Ã[˝*
ÈXXe ◊ªK˜≥V◊‹ôˆ `ÿóˆÁ◊S, ÈXXe Vc˜◊Tˆ YÁ[˝Eıf*
X ËªJÙXe ÊzıVÃ^‹ôˆÓÁ„YÁ X Â`ÁbÃ^◊Tˆ ]ÁÃ[˝”Tˆf**23**
`ÿóâEı_ cÕc˜Á„Eı ÊªK˜VX Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ XÁ, %◊G¬ Vc˜X Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ XÁ, L_
◊\ˆLÁcÕ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ XÁ, [˝ÁÃ^« £õı Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ XÁ*
%‰¨K˜„VÓÁõ˜Ã^]VÁ„c˜ÓÁõ˜Ã^]‰zı„VÓÁõ˜„`ÁbÓ A[˝ ªJÙ*
◊XTˆÓf a[[˝ÔGTˆf ÿöˆÁS«Ã[˝ªJÙ„_Áõ˜Ãê aXÁTˆXf**24**
%Á±¡Á %‰¨K˜VÓ, %VÁc˜Ó, %‰zıVÓ, %„`ÁbÓ, ◊XTˆÓ, a[[˝Ô[˝ÓÁY›, ◊ÿöˆÃ[˝, %ªJÙ_,
aXÁTˆX*
%[˝Ó„N˛Áõ˜Ã^]◊ªJÙ„‹ôˆÓÁõ˜Ã^]◊[˝EıÁ„^ÔÓÁõ˜Ã^]«ªJÙÓ„Tˆ*
TˆÿˆÇÁ„V[˝e ◊[˝◊VÍ±ºˆXe XÁX«„`Á◊ªJÙT«ˆ]c˜¤◊a**25**
%Á±¡Á %[˝ÓN˛, %◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÓ, ◊[˝EıÁÃ[˝Ã[˝◊c˜Tˆ* T«ˆ◊] %Á±¡Á„Eı AcÕÃ[˝÷Y LÁ◊XÃ^Á Â`ÁEı
EıÃ[˝Á Y◊Ã[˝TˆÓÁG EıÃ[˝*
%U ËªJÙXe ◊XTˆÓLÁTê ◊XTˆÓe [˝Á ]XÓ„a ] Tˆ]À*
TÛÁ◊Y ±ºê ]c˜Á[˝Á„c˜Á ÈXXe Â`Á◊ªJÙT«ˆ]c˜¤◊a**26**
%ÁÃ[˝ ^◊V T«ˆ◊] ]„X EıÃ[˝ Â^ L›[˝ [˝ÁÃ[˝ [˝ÁÃ[˝ LXΩÁÃ^ C ]„Ã[˝, TˆÁc˜Á c˜cÕ„_C
TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ Â`ÁEı EıÃ[˝Á =◊ªJÙTˆ XÃ^*
LÁTâÓ ◊c˜ W˝–”„[˝Á ] T«ˆÓW˝–Ô”[˝e LXΩ ] TâÓ ªJÙ*

TˆÿˆÇÁVY◊Ã[˝c˜Á„^ÔÓõ˜„UÔ X ±ºê Â`Á◊ªJÙT«ˆ]c˜¤◊a**27**
^Ác˜Á[Ã ˝ LXΩ c˜^Ã , TˆÁc˜Á[Ã ˝ ◊X∏JÙ^Ã ]Ã[˝S c˜^Ã , ^Ác˜Á[Ã ˝ ]Ã[˝S c˜^Ã , TˆÁc˜Á[Ã ˝ ◊X∏JÙ^Ã LXΩ
c˜Ã^, %TÂ[˝ ^FX ] T«ˆÓ %Y◊Ã[˝c˜Á^ÔÓ Y◊Ã[˝SÁ], TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ Â`ÁEı EıÃ[˝Á %X«◊ªJÙTˆ*
%[˝ÓN˛ÁV›◊X \…ˆTˆÁ◊X [˝ÓN˛]W˝ÓÁ◊X \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ*
%[˝ÓN˛◊XW˝XÁ„XÓ[˝ Tˆy EıÁ Y◊Ã[˝„V[˝XÁ**28**
aEı_ Y“ÁS› Y“U„] %[˝ÓN˛ c˜cÕÃ^Á UÁ„Eı, ]Á„Mı [˝ÓN˛ c˜Ã^, %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ %[˝ÓN˛
c˜Ã^, AcÕ ÿëˆÁ\ˆÁ◊[˝Eı y‘„] Â`ÁEı Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÂEıÁXC EıÁÃ[˝S XÁcÕ*
%Á∏JÙ^ÔÓ[˝d Y`Ó◊Tˆ Eı◊∏JÙ„VX]Á∏JÙ^ÔÓ[˝VÀ [˝V◊Tˆ TˆÍU[˝ ªJÙÁXÓf*
%Á∏JÙ^ÔÓ[˝Î¨JÙX]XÓf ` „SÁ◊Tˆ `“”±ºˆÁ„YÓXe Â[˝V X ËªJÙ[˝ Eı◊∏JÙd**29**
%Á±¡Á„Eı ÂEıc˜ %Á∏JÙ^ÔÓ ◊EıªK«˜ [˝◊_Ã^Á ÂV„FX, ÂEıc˜ %Á∏JÙ^ÔÓ ◊EıªK«˜ [˝◊_Ã^Á
TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ EıªUÁ [˝„_X, ÂEıc˜ %Á∏JÙ^ÔÓ ◊EıªK«˜ [˝◊_Ã^Á TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ EıUÁ £„XX, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ £◊XÃ^ÁC
ÂEıc˜ %Á±¡Á„Eı LÁ◊X„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝X XÁcÕ*
ÂVc˜› ◊XTˆÓ][˝„W˝ÓÁõ˜Ãê ÂV„c˜ a[[˝ÔaÓ \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ*
TˆÿˆÇÁd a[[˝ÔÁ◊S \…ˆTˆÁ◊X X ±ºê Â`Á◊ªJÙT«ˆ]c˜¤◊a**30**
%Á±¡Á a[[˝ÔVÁ aEı„_Ã[˝ ÂV„c˜Ã[˝ ]„W˝Ó %[˝W˝Ó c˜cÕÃ^Á UÁ„Eı, %TÂ[˝ AcÕ aEı_
Y“ÁS›Ã[˝ LXÓ EıFX Â`ÁEı EıÃ[˝Á =◊ªJÙTˆ X„c˜*''
] T«ˆÓÃ[˝ %aTˆÓTˆÁ
%#«¤„XÃ[˝ EıUÁ £◊XÃ^Á `“›E ı„b’Ã[˝ ]«„F c˜Á◊aÃ[˝ \ˆÁ[˝ Y“EıÁ` c˜cÕ_, ÂacÕ c˜Á◊a
Ã[˝Ü]Ã^ %UªJÙ Y“a~TˆÁY…SÔ, --- %#«¤„XÃ[˝ }„] ]ÁX[˝LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ Y«Ã[˝ÁTˆX }] ◊ªJÙ◊XÃ^Á
%‹ôˆ^ÔÓÁ]› c˜Á◊a„_X, ÂacÕ }] `“›E ı„b’Ã[˝cÕ ]ÁÃ^ÁY“a…Tˆ, LG„Tˆ %£\ˆ, V«fF C
V«[[˝Ô_TˆÁ Â\ˆÁG C ae^] •ÁÃ[˝Á l˘Ã^ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ ◊Tˆ◊X ]ÁX[˝„Eı AcÕ ]ÁÃ^ÁÃ[˝
[˝`›\…ˆTˆ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X* Y“Á„SÃ[˝ ]]TˆÁ, ]Ã[˝„SÃ[˝ \ˆÃ^, a«F-V«f„FÃ[˝ %W˝›X±ºˆ, ◊Y“Ã^ C
%◊Y“Ã^ Â[˝ÁW˝, cÕTˆÓÁ◊V %p˚ÁX %#«¤„XÃ[˝ EıUÁÃ^ Y“EıÁ` YÁcÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜, cÕc˜ÁcÕ ]ÁX„[˝Ã[˝
[˝«◊à˘ c˜cÕ„Tˆ V…Ã[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á LGd„Eı %£\ˆ]«N˛ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ c˜cÕ„[˝, ÂacÕ £\ˆ EıÁ„^ÔÓÃ[˝
%X«E…ı_ %[˝ÿöˆÁ Y“ÿô«ˆTˆ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ `“›E ıb’ %Á◊aÃ^Á‰ªK˜X, G›TˆÁ Y“EıÁ` Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ
^ÁcÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜X* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ Y“U] %#«¤„XÃ[˝ ]„X Â^ }] =dY~ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜, TˆÁc˜Á Â\ˆÁG
•ÁÃ[˝Á l˘^Ã Eı◊[Ã ˝„Tˆ c˜c˜„O [˝* %#«X¤ `“›E ı„b’Ã[˝ aFÁ, ]ÁX[˝LÁ◊Tˆ[Ã ˝ Y“◊Tˆ◊X◊W˝, TgˆÁc˜Á„EıcÕ
G›TˆÁ Y“V◊`ÔTˆ c˜cÕ„[˝, ◊Tˆ◊X Ê`“úˆ YÁy; ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ]ÁX[˝LÁ◊Tˆ AFXC G›TˆÁÃ[˝ %UÔ
G–c˜„SÃ[˝ Â^ÁGÓ c˜Ã^ XÁcÕ, %#«¤XC a+…SÔ %UÔ G–c˜S Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝X XÁcÕ* Â^
Â`ÁEı, V«fF C EıÁTˆÃ[˝TˆÁ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ]„X =◊PˆÃ^Á◊ªK˜_, TˆÁc˜Á ]ÁX[˝LÁ◊Tˆ Eı◊_^«„G
a+…SÔ Â\ˆÁG Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á %Á◊a„Tˆ‰ªK˜, F–›rÙW˝∂ˆÇÔ ÊY“] %ÁXÃ^X Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á, Â[˝Ïà˘W˝∂ˆÇÔ VÃ^Á
%ÁXÃ^X Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á, cÕa_Á]W˝∂ˆÇÔ `◊N˛ %ÁXÃ^X Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ÂacÕ V«fF„\ˆÁG _ÁH[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ
%Á◊aÃ^Á‰ªK˜* %ÁL Eı◊_^«GÁ‹ôˆGÔTˆ Y“U] Fâ¯ aTˆÓ^«G %ÁÃ[˝êˆ c˜cÕ„[˝, \ˆG[˝ÁX
%Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ„Eı, E«ıÃ[˝”LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ [˝e`W˝Ã[˝GS„Eı G›TˆÁ Y“VÁX Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜X, ^◊V G–c˜S
Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ, W˝ÁÃ[˝S Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ a]UÔ c˜cÕ, TˆÁc˜Á c˜cÕ„_ \ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝ ]Ü_, LG„TˆÃ[˝ ]Ü_
a«◊X◊∏JÙTˆ Zı_*
`“›E ıb’ [˝◊_„_X, %#«¤X, T«ˆ◊] Y◊â¯„TˆÃ[˝ XÓÁÃ^ YÁYY«SÓ ◊[˝ªJÙÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„TˆªK˜,
L›[˝X-]Ã[˝„SÃ[˝ Tˆ√º¯ [˝◊_„TˆªK˜, LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ Eı_ÓÁS %Eı_ÓÁS ◊Eı„a c˜Ã^ TˆÁc˜Á Y“◊TˆYÁVX
Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÊªJÙrÙÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„TˆªK˜, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ Y“E ıTˆ p˚Á„XÃ[˝ Y◊Ã[˝ªJÙÃ^ ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ EıUÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó YÁCÃ^Á
^ÁÃ^ XÁ, [˝Ã[˝e ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ Y“„TˆÓEı EıUÁ ÂHÁÃ[˝ %p˚ÁXY…SÔ* &rÙ EıUÁ [˝_, %Á]ÁÃ[˝
c˜÷VÃ^ V«[[˝Ô_, Â`Á„Eı EıÁTˆÃ[˝, [˝«◊à˘ EıwÔ¯[˝ÓYÃ[˝Á´¡«F; p˚ÁX›Ã[˝ \ˆÁbÁÃ^ %„p˚Ã[˝ XÓÁÃ^
TÊÔı Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ V«[[˝Ô_TˆÁ a]UÔX Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÂEıÁXC Y“„Ã^ÁLX XÁcÕ* Â`ÁEı
]X«bÓ]Á‰yÃ[˝ c˜÷V„Ã^ =dY~ c˜Ã^, ]X«bÓ]Áy ]Ã[˝S C ◊[˝‰¨K˜V %◊Tˆ \ˆÃ^·¯Ã[˝, L›[˝X
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Eı„Ã[˝, c˜Á„a, EgıÁ„V, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ AcÕ aEı_ [˝ ◊w¯„Eı ÂEıc˜ p˚ÁXY“a…Tˆ [˝„_ XÁ* ^Ác˜Á„VÃ[˝
LXÓ Â`ÁEı EıÃ[˝Á %X«◊ªJÙTˆ, TˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ LXÓ T«ˆ◊] Â`ÁEı Eı◊Ã[˝„TˆªK˜* p˚ÁX› EıÁc˜ÁÃ[˝C
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AcÕ EıUÁ LÁ„XX --- ]Ã[˝S XÁcÕ, ◊[˝‰¨K˜V XÁcÕ, V«fF XÁcÕ, %Á]Ã[˝Á %]Ã[˝, %Á]Ã[˝Á
◊ªJÙÃ[˝EıÁ_ AEı, %Á]Ã[˝Á %ÁX„≥VÃ[˝ a‹ôˆÁX, %] „TˆÃ[˝ a‹ôˆÁX, L›[˝„XÃ[˝ ]Ã[˝„SÃ[˝ a„Ü,
a«F V«f„FÃ[˝ a„Ü AcÕ Y ◊U[˝›„Tˆ _«„EıÁªJ«Ù◊Ã[˝ ÂF_Á Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ %Á◊aÃ^Á◊ªK˜ --- Y“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝
◊[˝`Á_ XÁªRÙOÓG „c˜ c˜Á◊aEıÁ~ÁÃ[˝ %◊\ˆXÃ^ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ◊ªK˜, `y” ◊]y aÁ◊LÃ^Á ^«à˘ C `Á◊‹ôˆ,
ÊY“] C Eı_„c˜Ã[˝ Ã[˝a %ÁÿëˆÁVX Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ◊ªK˜* AcÕ Â^ %îEıÁ_ [˝gÁ◊ªJÙÃ^Á UÁ◊Eı, EıÁ_
YÃ[˝`ü ÂVc˜TˆÓÁG Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ÂEıÁUÁÃ^ ^ÁcÕ[˝ LÁ◊X XÁ, cÕc˜Á %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ %X‹ôˆ y‘›QÕˆÁÃ[˝
]„W˝Ó AEı ]«c…˜Tˆ¤ ]Áy, l˘◊SEı ÂF_Á, Eı„ÃÊıl˘„SÃ[˝ \ˆÁ[˝* %Á]Ã[˝Á ◊ªK˜_Á], %Á]Ã[˝Á
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L›[˝X-]Ã[˝„SÃ[˝ EıwÔ¯Á, \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ %e`, \…ˆTˆ [˝wÔ¯]ÁX C \ˆ◊[˝bÓ„TˆÃ[˝ %◊W˝EıÁÃ[˝›*
Â^]X ÂV„c˜Ã[˝ [˝Á_Ó, Â^Ï[˝X, LÃ[˝Á, ÂTˆ]XcÕ ÂVc˜Á‹ôˆÃ[˝Y“Á◊ä, --- ]Ã[˝S XÁ]]Áy,
XÁ] £◊XÃ^Á %Á]Ã[˝Á \ˆÃ^ YÁcÕ, V«f◊FTˆ c˜cÕ, [˝ÿô«ˆ ^◊V [˝«◊MıTˆÁ] \ˆÃ^C YÁcÕTˆÁ]
XÁ, V«f◊FTˆC c˜cÕTˆÁ] XÁ* %Á]Ã[˝Á ^◊V [˝Á_„EıÃ[˝ Â^Ï[˝XY“Á◊ä„Eı ]Ã[˝S [˝◊_Ã^Á
EgıÁ◊VÃ^Á [˝◊_TˆÁ], %Ác˜Á %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ÂacÕ ◊Y“Ã^ [˝Á_Eı ÂEıÁUÁÃ^ ÂG_, AcÕ ^«[˝ÁY«Ã[˝”b
ÂacÕ [˝Á_Eı X„c˜, %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ÂaÁXÁÃ[˝ªJgÙÁV ÂEıÁUÁÃ^ ◊GÃ^Á‰ªK˜ --- %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ [˝Ó[˝c˜ÁÃ[˝„Eı
aEı„_ c˜ÁaÓEıÃ[˝ C ÂHÁÃ[˝ %p˚ÁXL◊XTˆ [˝◊_Tˆ; ÂEıXXÁ, AcÕ %[˝ÿöˆÁ‹ôˆÃ[˝Y“Á◊ä
Y“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝ ◊XÃ^], [˝Á_Eı„V„c˜ C ^«[˝Eı„V„c˜ AEıcÕ Y«Ã[˝”b [˝Ác˜Ó-Y◊Ã[˝[˝wÔ¯„XÃ[˝ %Tˆ›Tˆ
c˜cÕÃ^Á ◊ÿöˆÃ[˝\ˆÁ„[˝ Ã[˝◊c˜Ã^Á‰ªK˜X* p˚ÁX›, aÁW˝ÁÃ[˝S ]ÁX«„bÃ[˝ ]Ã[˝„S \ˆÃ^ C ]Ã[˝„S V«fF
ÂV◊FÃ^Á TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ [˝Ó[˝c˜ÁÃ[˝ ◊PÊı ÂacÕ\ˆÁ„[˝ c˜ÁaÓEıÃ[˝ C ÂHÁÃ[˝ %p˚ÁXL◊XTˆ [˝◊_Ã^Á
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[˝Ác˜Ó Y◊Ã[˝[˝wÔ¯„XÃ[˝ %Tˆ›Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á ◊ÿöˆÃ[˝\ˆÁ„[˝ Ã[˝◊c˜Ã^Á‰ªK˜X* %] „TˆÃ[˝ a‹ôˆÁX %Á]Ã[˝Á,
ÂEı ]„Ã[˝, ÂEı ]Á„Ã[˝? ] T«ˆÓ %Á]Á◊VG„Eı &`Ô Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ XÁ, --- ] T«ˆÓ ZgıÁEıÁ
%ÁCÃ^ÁL, ] T«ˆÓ }], ] T«ˆÓ XÁcÕ*
]ÁyÁ
Y«Ã[˝”b %ªJÙ_, Y“E ı◊Tˆ ªJÙ_* ªJÙ_ Y“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó %ªJÙ_ Y«Ã[˝”b %[˝◊ÿöˆTˆ* Y“E ı◊Tˆÿöˆ
Y«Ã[˝”b Y„á˚◊≥V–Ã^ •ÁÃ[˝Á ^Ác˜Á ÂV„F, Â`Á„X, %ÁH–ÁS Eı„Ã[˝, %ÁÿëˆÁV Eı„Ã[˝, &`Ô
Eı„Ã[˝, TˆÁc˜ÁcÕ Â\ˆÁG Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ Y“E ı◊Tˆ„Eı %Á`“Ã^ Eı„Ã[˝* %Á]Ã[˝Á ÂV◊F Ã[˝÷Y,
£◊X `å, %ÁH–ÁS Eı◊Ã[˝ Gµ˘, %ÁÿëˆÁV Eı◊Ã[˝ Ã[˝a, %X«\ˆ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝ &`Ô* `å, &`Ô,
Ã[˝÷Y, Ã[˝a, Gµ˘, AcÕ Yá˚ TˆXΩÁycÕ cÕ◊≥V–Ã^„\ˆÁ„GÃ[˝ ◊[˝bÃ^* búˆ cÕ◊≥V–Ã^ ]„XÃ[˝
◊[˝„`b ◊[˝bÃ^ aeïıÁÃ[˝* [˝«◊à˘Ã[˝ ◊[˝bÃ^ ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ* Yá˚ TˆXΩÁy A[˝e aeïıÁÃ[˝ C ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ
%X«\ˆ[˝ C Â\ˆÁG Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ Y«Ã[˝”b-Y“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝ YÃ[˝&Ã[˝ a„êˆÁG C %X‹ôˆ y‘›QÕˆÁ*
AcÕ Â\ˆÁG ◊•◊[˝W˝, £à˘ C %£à˘* £à˘ Â\ˆÁ„G a«F-V«fF XÁcÕ, Y«Ã[˝”„bÃ[˝ ◊ªJÙÃ[˝‹ôˆX
ÿëˆ\ˆÁ[˝◊aà˘ W˝∂ˆÇÔ %ÁX≥VcÕ %Á‰ªK˜* %£à˘ Â\ˆÁ„G a«F-V«fF %Á‰ªK˜, `›„TˆÁb’,
l«˘d◊YYÁaÁ, c˜bÔ„`ÁEı cÕTˆÓÁ◊V •≥• %£à˘ Â\ˆÁG›„Eı ◊[˝ªJÙ◊_Tˆ C ◊[˝l«˘ç˘ Eı„Ã[˝*
EıÁ]XÁ %£à˘TˆÁÃ[˝ EıÁÃ[˝S* EıÁ]›]ÁycÕ %£à˘, Â^ ◊XõıÁ], Âa £à˘* EıÁ]XÁÃ^
Ã[˝ÁG C Â•b a rÙ c˜Ã^, Ã[˝ÁG„•„bÃ[˝ [˝„` Y«Ã[˝”b ◊[˝b„Ã^ %ÁaN˛ c˜Ã^, %Áa◊N˛Ã[˝
Zı_ [˝µ˘X* Y«Ã[˝”b ◊[˝ªJÙ◊_Tˆ C ◊[˝l«˘ç˘, A]X◊Eı [˝Ó◊UTˆ C ^‹óˆSÁ◊zırÙ c˜cÕÃ^ÁC

%Áa◊N˛Ã[˝ %\ˆÓÁa„VÁ„b TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Âl˘Á\ˆ, [˝ÓUÁ [˝Á ^‹óˆSÁÃ[˝ EıÁÃ[˝S Y◊Ã[˝TˆÓÁG Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ
%l˘] c˜Ã^*
a]\ˆÁ[˝
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Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ =YÁÃ^ ÂVFÁcÕ„_X* ]ÁyÁ %UÔÁd ◊[˝b„Ã^Ã[˝ XÁXÁÃ[˝÷Y &`Ô, a«F, V«fF
cÕTˆÓÁ◊V •„≥•Ã[˝ EıÁÃ[˝S* AcÕ &`ÔaEı_ %◊XTˆÓ, TˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ %ÁÃ[˝êˆC %Á‰ªK˜, %‹ôˆC
%Á‰ªK˜, %◊XTˆÓ [˝◊_Ã^Á %Áa◊N˛ Y◊Ã[˝TˆÓÁG Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ c˜Ã^* %◊XTˆÓ [˝ÿô«ˆ„Tˆ ^◊V %ÁaN˛
c˜cÕ, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ %ÁG]„X c˜÷rÙ c˜cÕ, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ XÁ„` [˝Á %\ˆÁ„[˝ V«f◊FTˆ [˝Á [˝Ó◊UTˆ c˜cÕ*
AcÕ %[˝ÿöˆÁ„Eı %p˚ÁX [˝„_* %p˚Á„X %X`üÃ[˝ %Á±¡ÁÃ[˝ aXÁTˆX \ˆÁ[˝ C %XüÃ^
%ÁX≥V %Á¨K˜~ c˜Ã^, ÂEı[˝_ l˘SÿöˆÁÃ^› \ˆÁ[˝ C [˝ÿô«ˆ„Tˆ ]w¯ c˜cÕÃ^Á UÁ◊Eı, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝
XÁ„`Ã[˝ V«f„F Â`ÁEıaÁG„Ã[˝ ◊X]G¬ c˜cÕ* AcÕÃ[˝÷Y %◊\ˆ\…ˆTˆ XÁ c˜cÕÃ^Á Â^ ◊[˝b„Ã^Ã[˝
&`ÔaEı_ ac˜Ó Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝, %UÔÁd Â^ •≥• =Y_◊ç˘ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^ÁC a«F-V«f„F,
`›„TˆÁ„b’, ◊Y“Ã^Á◊Y“„Ã^, ]Ü_Á]Ü„_, ◊a◊à˘-%◊a◊à˘„Tˆ c˜bÔ C Â`ÁEı %X«\ˆ[˝ XÁ
Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á a]ÁX\ˆÁ„[˝ Y“Z«ı{◊ªJÙ„w¯ c˜ÁaÓ]«„F G–c˜S Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝, Âa Y«Ã[˝”b Ã[˝ÁG„•b
c˜cÕ„Tˆ ◊[˝]«N˛ c˜Ã^, %p˚Á„XÃ[˝ [˝µ˘X EıÁ◊ªRÙOÃ^Á aXÁTˆX \ˆÁ[˝ C %ÁX≥V =Y_◊ç˘
Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ a]UÔ c˜Ã^, --- %] Tˆ±ºˆÁÃ^ Eıî„Tˆ*
a]TˆÁÃ[˝ mS
AcÕ a]TˆÁ G›TˆÁÃ[˝ Y“U] ◊`l˘Á* a]TˆÁcÕ G›„TˆÁN˛ aÁW˝„XÃ[˝ Y“◊TˆúˆÁ* G–›Eı
ÊÿôˆÁ◊ÃÊı a+“VÁÃ^ \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ c˜cÕ„Tˆ AcÕ a]TˆÁÃ[˝ ◊`l˘Á _Á\ˆ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á Ã^«„Ã[˝Á„Y a]TˆÁ-
[˝ÁV Y“ªJÙÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á„ªK˜X* G–›Eı VÁ`Ô◊XEı A◊YE«ıÃ[˝a `“›E ıb’-Y“ªJÙÁ◊Ã[˝Tˆ ◊`l˘ÁÃ[˝ %ÁÃ[˝
AEı◊VEı W˝◊[Ã ˝^Ã Á `Á‹ôˆ„\ˆÁ„GÃ[˝ ◊`l˘Á, Epicureanism [˝Á Â\ˆÁG[˝ÁV Y“Jª ÙÁ[Ã ˝ Eı◊[Ã ˝„_X*
AcÕ V«cÕ ]Tˆ, a]TˆÁ[˝ÁV C Â\ˆÁG[˝ÁV Y“ÁªJÙ›X Ã^«„Ã[˝Á„YÃ[˝ Ê`“úˆ ÈX◊TÊı ]Tˆ [˝◊_Ã^Á
p˚ÁTˆ ◊ªK˜_, A[˝e %ÁW˝«◊XEı Ã^«„Ã[˝Á„YC X[˝ %ÁEıÁÃ[˝ W˝ÁÃ[˝S Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á Puritanism
C PaganismAÃ[˝ ◊ªJÙÃ[˝ •≥• a ◊rÙ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ G›„TˆÁN˛ aÁW˝„X a]TˆÁ[˝ÁV
C `Á‹ôˆ [˝Á £à˘ Â\ˆÁG AEıcÕ EıUÁ* a]TˆÁ EıÁÃ[˝S, £à˘ Â\ˆÁG EıÁ^ÔÓ* a]TˆÁÃ^
%Áa◊N˛ ]„Ã[˝, Ã[˝ÁG„•b Y“`◊]Tˆ c˜Ã^, %Áa◊N˛ XÁ„` A[˝e Ã[˝ÁG„•b Y“`]„X
£à˘TˆÁ LXΩÁÃ^* £à˘ Y«Ã[˝”„bÃ[˝ Â\ˆÁG EıÁ]XÁ C %Áa◊N˛Ã[˝◊c˜Tˆ, %TÂ[˝ £à˘*
cÕc˜Á„TˆcÕ a]TˆÁÃ[˝ mS Â^ a]TˆÁÃ[˝ a◊c˜Tˆ %Áa◊N˛ C Ã[˝ÁG„•b AEı %ÁW˝Á„Ã[˝
UÁ◊Eı„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ XÁ* a]TˆÁcÕ £◊à˘Ã[˝ [˝›L*
V«fFLÃ^
G–›Eı ÊÿôˆÁ◊ÃÊı a+“VÁÃ^ AcÕ \«ˆ_ Eı◊Ã[˝„_X Â^ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á V«fFL„Ã^Ã[˝ Y“E ıTˆ
=YÁÃ^ [˝«◊Mı„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝X XÁcÕ* TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á V«fF ◊XG–c˜ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á, ªK˜ÁYÁcÕÃ^Á, Y„V V◊_Tˆ
Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á V«fFL„Ã^Ã[˝ ÊªJÙrÙÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„_X* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ G›TˆÁÃ^ %XÓy [˝◊_Ã^Á‰ªK˜, Y“E ı◊Tê ^Á◊‹ôˆ
\…ˆTˆÁ◊X, ◊XG–c˜f ◊Eıe Eı◊Ã[˝bÓ◊Tˆ* \…ˆTâEı_ ◊XL Y“E ı◊Tˆ„Eı %X«aÃ[˝S Eı„Ã[˝, ◊XG–„c˜
◊Eı c˜cÕ„[˝? V«fF◊XG–„c˜ ]ÁX„[˝Ã[˝ c˜÷VÃ^ £õı, Eı‰PˆÁÃ[˝, ÊY“]`…XÓ c˜cÕÃ^Á ^ÁÃ^* V«f„F
%`“”L_ Â]ÁªJÙX Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ XÁ, ^‹óˆSÁ„[˝ÁW˝ ÿëˆ›EıÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ XÁ, ""A ◊EıªK«˜ X„c˜'' [˝◊_Ã^Á
X›Ã[˝„[˝ ac˜Ó Eı◊Ã[˝[˝, ÿóˆ›Ã[˝ V«fF, a‹ôˆÁ„XÃ[˝ V«fF, [˝µ«˘Ã[˝ V«fF, LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ V«fF %◊[˝ªJÙ◊_Tˆ
◊ªJÙ„w¯ ÂV◊F[˝, AcÕ \ˆÁ[˝ [˝_V ä %a«„Ã[˝Ã[˝ TˆYaÓÁ --- TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ]c˜√º¯ %Á‰ªK˜, ]ÁX„[˝Ã[˝
=~◊TâÁW˝„X Y“„Ã^ÁLXC %Á‰ªK˜, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ cÕc˜Á V«fFL„Ã^Ã[˝ Y“E ıTˆ =YÁÃ^ X„c˜, Â`b
[˝Á ªJÙÃ[˝] ◊`l˘Á X„c˜* V«fFL„Ã^Ã[˝ Y“E ıTˆ =YÁÃ^ p˚ÁX, `Á◊‹ôˆ, a]TˆÁ* `Á‹ôˆ\ˆÁ„[˝
a«F-V«fF G–c˜S EıÃ[˝ÁcÕ Y“E ıTˆ YU* Y“Á„S a«F-V«f„FÃ[˝ aá˚ÁÃ[˝ [˝ÁÃ[˝S Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ XÁ,
[˝«◊à˘ %◊[˝ªJÙ◊_Tˆ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á Ã[˝Á◊F[˝* a]TˆÁÃ[˝ ÿöˆÁX [˝«◊à˘, ◊ªJÙw¯ X„c˜, Y“ÁS X„c˜* [˝«◊à˘
a] c˜cÕ„_, ◊ªJÙw¯ C Y“ÁS %ÁY◊XcÕ a] c˜Ã^, %UªJÙ ÊY“] cÕTˆÓÁ◊V Y“E ı◊TˆLÁTˆ
Y“[˝ ◊w¯ £EıÁcÕÃ^Á ^ÁÃ^ XÁ, ]ÁX«b YÁUÃ[˝ c˜Ã^ XÁ, LQÕˆ C %aÁQÕˆ c˜Ã^ XÁ* Y“E ı◊Tê
^Á◊‹ôˆ \…ˆTˆÁ◊X --- ÊY“] cÕTˆÓÁ◊V Y“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝ ◊ªJÙÃ[˝‹ôˆX Y“[˝ ◊w¯, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ c˜ÁTˆ c˜cÕ„Tˆ Y◊Ã[˝yÁS
YÁCÃ^ÁÃ[˝ AEı]Áy =YÁÃ^ YÃ[˝[˝–„°˘ _Ã^* Y“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó UÁ◊EıÃ^Á Y“E ı◊Tˆ[˝#¤X
%aêˆ[˝* ^◊V ÂEıÁ]_TˆÁ Y◊Ã[˝TˆÓÁG Eı◊Ã[˝, Eı‰PˆÁÃ[˝TˆÁ c˜÷VÃ^„Eı %◊\ˆ\…ˆTˆ Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝,
--- ^◊V [˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝ V«f„FÃ[˝ &≥VX ◊X„bW˝ Eı◊Ã[˝, V«fF ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ L◊]Ã^Á UÁ◊Eı„[˝ A[˝e
%_◊l˘Tˆ\ˆÁ„[˝ Y“ÁS„Eı £EıÁcÕÃ^Á ◊V„[˝* AcÕÃ[˝÷Y E ı¨n—ãÁW˝„X =~◊TˆÃ[˝ aêˆÁ[˝XÁ
XÁcÕ* TˆYaÓÁÃ^ `◊N˛ c˜cÕ„[˝ [˝‰ªRÙO ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ AcÕ L„XΩ ^Ác˜Á ªK˜ÁYÁcÕÃ^Á Ã[˝Á◊F_Á],
YÃ[˝L„XΩ TˆÁc˜Á a[[˝Ô„Ã[˝ÁW˝ \ˆÁ◊ÜÃ^Á ◊•mS Â[˝„G =ªK˜◊_Ã^Á %Á◊a„[˝*
Â[˝V C =Y◊XbV
=Y◊XbV
%Á]Á„VÃ[˝ W˝∂ˆÇÔ %◊Tˆ ◊[˝`Á_ C XÁXÁ `ÁFÁY“`ÁFÁ Â`Á◊\ˆTˆ* TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ]…_
G\ˆ›Ã[˝Tˆ] p˚Á„X %ÁÃ[˝÷ªRÕÙ, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ `ÁFÁm◊_ Eı„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ %◊Tˆ V…Ã[˝ Y“Á‹ôˆ Y^ÔÓ‹ôˆ ◊[˝ÿô ˆTˆ*
Â^]X G›TˆÁÃ[˝ %`üx[˝ l˘, >W[˝Ô]…_ C ""%[˝ÁEÀı `ÁFf'', ÂTˆ]XcÕ AcÕ W˝∂ˆÇÔ p˚ÁX-
Y“◊Tˆ◊úˆTˆ, Eı∂ˆÇÔ‰Y“Ã[˝Eı* ◊X[˝ ◊w¯ TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ◊\ˆ◊w¯, Y“[˝ ◊w¯ TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ G c˜-ªK˜ÁV-„VCÃ^Á_,
]«◊N˛ TˆÁc˜Á[Ã ˝ Jª Ù… QˆÕ Á* ]ÁX[˝LÁ◊Tˆ[Ã ˝ a]ÿôˆ L›[˝X AcÕ ◊[˝`Á_ ◊c˜≥V«W˝∂ˆÇ-Ô [˝„ l˘[Ã ˝ %Á◊`“Tˆ*
aEı„_ [˝„_ Â[˝V ◊c˜≥V«W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ Y“◊TˆúˆÁ, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ %î Â_Á„EıcÕ ÂacÕ Y“◊TˆúˆÁÃ[˝
ÿëˆÃ[˝÷Y C ]∂ˆÇÔ %[˝GTˆ %Á‰ªK˜, Y“ÁÃ^cÕ `ÁFÁ‰G– [˝◊aÃ^Á %Á]Ã[˝Á V«cÕ AEıªRÙO› a«ÿëˆÁV«
X`üÃ[˝ Zı„_Ã[˝ %ÁÿëˆÁ„V ]◊LÃ^Á UÁ◊Eı, ]…„_Ã[˝ ÂEıÁXC aµ˘ÁX Ã[˝Á◊F XÁ* %Á]Ã[˝Á
£◊XÃ^Á◊ªK˜ [˝‰ªRÙO Â^ Â[˝„VÃ[˝ V«cÕ \ˆÁG %Á‰ªK˜, Eı∂ˆÇÔEıÁâ¯ C p˚ÁXEıÁâ¯, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ %Áa_
Eı∂ˆÇEÔ ıÁâ¯ ◊Eı [˝Á p˚ÁXEıÁâ¯ ◊Eı TˆÁc˜Á LÁ◊X XÁ* %Á]Ã[˝Á Â]Ál˘]{… [Ã ˝ [Max Müller]
E ıTˆ @„Gü„VÃ[˝ [˝ÓÁFÓÁ Y◊QÕˆÃ^Á UÁ◊Eı„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝, [˝Á `“›^«N˛ Ã[˝„]`ªJÙ≥V– V„w¯Ã[˝ [˝ÁÜÁ_Á
%X«[˝ÁV Y◊QÕˆÃ^Á UÁ◊Eı„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ @„GüV ◊Eı TˆÁc˜Á LÁ◊X XÁ* Â]Ál˘]…{Ã[˝ C
Vw¯ ]c˜Á`„Ã^Ã[˝ ◊XEıªRÙO AcÕ p˚ÁX YÁcÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜ Â^ @„Gü„VÃ[˝ @◊bGS Y“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝ [˝Ác˜Ó
YVÁUÔ [˝Á \…ˆTâEı_„Eı Y…LÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„TˆX, a…^ÔÓ ªJÙ≥V– [˝ÁÃ^« %◊G¬ cÕTˆÓÁ◊VÃ[˝ ÿôˆ[˝‰ÿôˆÁycÕ
aXÁTˆX ◊c˜≥V«W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ ÂacÕ %XÁVÓX‹ôˆ %„YÏÃ[˝”„bÃ^ ]…_ p˚ÁX* %Á]Ã[˝Á cÕc˜ÁcÕ ◊[˝`üÁa
Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á Â[˝„VÃ[˝, @◊b„VÃ[˝ C ◊c˜≥V«W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ %[˝]ÁXXÁ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ]„X Eı◊Ã[˝ Â^ %Á]Ã[˝Á
[˝QÕˆcÕ ◊[˝•ÁX, [˝QÕˆcÕ ""%Á„_ÁEıY“Áä''* %Áa_ Â[˝„V aTˆÓ aTˆÓ ◊Eı %Á‰ªK˜, ÂEıXcÕ-
[˝Á `·¯Ã[˝ÁªJÙÁ^ÔÓ Y“\ ˆ◊Tˆ ]c˜Áp˚ÁX› C ]c˜ÁY«Ã[˝”bGS AcÕ ÿôˆ[˝‰ÿôˆÁym◊_„Eı %XÁVÓX‹ôˆ
a+…SÔ %}Á‹ôˆp˚ÁX [˝◊_Ã^Á ]Á◊X„TˆX, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ÂEıÁX %X«aµ˘ÁX Eı◊Ã[˝ XÁ*
=Y◊XbVcÕ [˝Á ◊Eı, TˆÁc˜ÁC %TˆÓî Â_ÁEı LÁ„X* ^FX =Y◊Xb„VÃ[˝ EıUÁ
[˝◊_, %Á]Ã[˝Á Y“ÁÃ^cÕ `·¯Ã[˝ÁªJÙÁ„^ÔÓÃ[˝ %Í•Tˆ[˝ÁV, Ã[˝Á]ÁX«„LÃ[˝ ◊[˝◊`rÙÁÍ•Tˆ[˝ÁV, ]„W[˝Ã[˝
È•Tˆ[˝ÁV cÕTˆÓÁ◊V VÁ`Ô◊XEı [˝ÓÁFÓÁÃ[˝ EıUÁ \ˆÁ◊[˝* %Áa_ =Y◊Xb„V ◊Eı Â_FÁ
Ã[˝◊c˜Ã^Á‰ªK˜, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Y“E ıTˆ %UÔ ◊Eı, ÂEıX YÃ[˝&Ã[˝◊[˝„Ã[˝ÁW˝› bQÕˆÀ V`ÔX AcÕ AEı ]…_
c˜cÕ„Tˆ =dY~ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜, bQÕˆÀ V`Ô„XÃ[˝ %Tˆ›Tˆ ÂEıÁXÀ ◊XG…ªRÕÙ %UÔ ÂacÕ p˚ÁX\ˆÁâ¯Á„Ã[˝
_\ˆÓ c˜Ã^, AcÕ ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁC Eı◊Ã[˝ XÁ* `·¯Ã[˝ Â^ %UÔ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ◊GÃ^Á‰ªK˜X, %Á]Ã[˝Á ac˜ÿÉˆ
[˝bÔEıÁ_ ÂacÕ %UÔ G–c˜S Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á %Á◊aÃ^Á◊ªK˜, `·¯„Ã[˝Ã[˝ [˝ÓÁFÓÁcÕ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ Â[˝V,
%Á]Á„VÃ[˝ =Y◊XbV, EırÙ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á %Áa_ =Y◊XbV ÂEı Y‰QÕˆ? ^◊V Y◊QÕˆ, `·¯„Ã[˝Ã[˝
[˝ÓÁFÓÁÃ[˝ ◊[˝„Ã[˝ÁW˝› ÂEıÁX [˝ÓÁFÓÁ ÂV◊F„_ %Á]Ã[˝Á TˆFXcÕ TˆÁc˜Á \«ˆ_ [˝◊_Ã^Á Y“TˆÓÁFÓÁX
Eı◊Ã[˝* %UªJÙ =Y◊Xb„VÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó ÂEı[˝_ `·¯Ã[˝_ç˘ p˚ÁX X„c˜, \…ˆTˆ [˝w¯¤]ÁX \ˆ◊[˝bÓ„Tˆ
Â^ %ÁW˝ÓÁ◊≈±¡Eı p˚ÁX [˝Á Tˆ√º¯p˚ÁX _ç˘ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜ [˝Á c˜cÕ„[˝, ÂacÕm◊_ %Á^ÔÓ @◊b
C ]c˜Á„^ÁG› %◊Tˆ ae◊l˘ä\ˆÁ„[˝ ◊XG…ªRÕÙ %UÔY“EıÁÈı Ê`¿Á„Eı ◊X◊c˜Tˆ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á
◊GÃ^Á‰ªK˜X*
=Y◊XbV ◊Eı? Â^ %XÁVÓX‹ôˆ G\ˆ›Ã[˝Tˆ] aXÁTˆX p˚Á„X aXÁTˆX W˝∂ˆÇÔ %ÁÃ[˝÷ªRÕÙ-
]…_, ÂacÕ p˚Á„XÃ[˝ \ˆÁâ¯ÁÃ[˝ =Y◊XbV* ªJÙT«ˆ„[[˝Ô„VÃ[˝ a…N˛Áe„` ÂacÕ p˚ÁX YÁCÃ^Á
^ÁÃ^, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ =Y]Á¨K˜„_ ÊÿôˆÁ‰yÃ[˝ [˝Á◊c˜ÓEı %UÔ •ÁÃ[˝Á %Á¨K˜Á◊VTˆ, Â^]X %ÁV„`Ô
]ÁX„[˝Ã[˝ Y“◊Tˆ]…◊wÔ¯* =Y◊XbV %XÁ¨K˜~ YÃ[˝] p˚ÁX, %Áa_ ]X«„bÓÃ[˝ %XÁ[˝ Tˆ
%[˝Ã^[˝* @„Gü„VÃ[˝ [˝N˛Á @◊bGS B`ü◊Ã[˝Eı ÊY“Ã[˝SÁÃ^ %ÁW˝ÓÁ◊≈±¡Eı p˚ÁX `å C
ªK˜„≥V Y“EıÁ` Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜„_X, =Y◊Xb„VÃ[˝ @◊bGS aÁl˘ÁÅ`Ô„X ÂacÕ p˚Á„XÃ[˝ ÿëˆÃ[˝÷Y
ÂV◊FÃ^Á %î C G\ˆ›Ã[˝ EıUÁÃ^ ÂacÕ p˚ÁX [˝ÓN˛ Eı◊Ã[˝„_X* %Í•Tˆ[˝ÁV cÕTˆÓÁ◊V
ÂEıX, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Y„Ã[˝ ^Tˆ VÁ`Ô◊XEı ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ C [˝ÁV \ˆÁÃ[˝„Tˆ, Ã^«„Ã[˝Á„Y, %Á◊aÃ^ÁÃ^ a rÙ
c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜, Nominalism, Realism, `…XÓ[˝ÁV, QˆÁÃ[˝=◊Ã^„XÃ[˝ y‘]◊[˝EıÁ`, Eı]À„TˆÃ[˝
Positivism, Âc˜„G_, EıÁ‹ôˆ, ◊&„XÁLÁ, Â`ÁYXc˜ÁCÃ[˝, Utilitarianism, He-
donism, aEı_cÕ =Y◊Xb„VÃ[˝ @◊bG„SÃ[˝ aÁl˘ÁÅ`Ô„X V rÙ C [˝ÓN˛ c˜cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜_*
◊Eı‹ô«ˆ %XÓy ^Ác˜Á Fâ¯\ˆÁ„[˝ V rÙ, a„TˆÓÃ[˝ %e`]Áy c˜cÕÃ^ÁC a+…SÔ aTˆÓ [˝◊_Ã^Á
Y“Jª ÙÁ◊Ã[˝Tˆ, aTˆÓ-◊]UÓÁ ◊]◊`“Tˆ Eı◊[Ã ˝^Ã Á ◊[˝Eı Tˆ\ˆÁ„[˝ [˝◊SÔTˆ, TˆÁc˜Á =Y◊Xb„V a+…S\Ô ˆÁ„[˝,
◊XL Y“E ıTˆ a∂ëˆ„µ˘ %Á[˝à˘ c˜cÕÃ^Á, £à˘ %}Á‹ôˆ\ˆÁ„[˝ ◊_◊Y[˝à˘ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜* %TÂ[˝
`·¯„Ã[˝Ã[˝ [˝ÓÁFÓÁÃ^ [˝Á %ÁÃ[˝ EıÁc˜ÁÃ[˝C [˝ÓÁFÓÁÃ^ a›]Á[˝à˘ XÁ c˜cÕÃ^Á =Y◊Xb„VÃ[˝
%Áa_ G\ˆ›Ã[˝ C %Fâ¯ %UÔG–c˜„S a‰ªJÙrÙ c˜CÃ^Á =◊ªJÙTˆ*
=Y◊Xb„VÃ[˝ %UÔ G…Rª ÙÕ ÿöˆÁ„X Y“„[˝` EıÃ[˝Á* @◊bGS Tˆ„EÔı[Ã ˝ [˝„_, ◊[˝VÓÁÃ[˝ Y“aÁ„Ã[˝,
ÊY“Ã[˝SÁÃ[˝ ÊÿÉˆÁ„Tˆ =Y◊XbV«N˛ p˚ÁX_Á\ˆ Eı„Ã[˝X XÁcÕ, Â^ G…ªRÕÙÿöˆÁ„X a]ÓEı p˚Á„XÃ[˝
ªJÙÁ◊[˝ ]„XÃ[˝ ◊X\ ˆTˆ Eı„l˘ M«ı_ÁX Ã[˝◊c˜Ã^Á‰ªK˜, Â^ÁG•ÁÃ[˝Á %◊W˝EıÁÃ[˝› c˜cÕÃ^Á ÂacÕ Eı„l˘
Y“„[˝` Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ÂacÕ ªJÙÁ◊[˝ XÁ]ÁcÕÃ^Á TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á %}Á‹ôˆ p˚Á„XÃ[˝ ◊[˝ÿôˆ›SÔ Ã[˝Á„LÓÃ[˝ Ã[˝ÁLÁ
c˜cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜„_X* ÂacÕ ªJÙÁ◊[˝ c˜ÿôˆGTˆ XÁ c˜cÕ„_ =Y◊Xb„VÃ[˝ Y“E ıTˆ %UÔ F«◊_Ã^Á ^ÁÃ^
XÁ* ÂEı[˝_ TÊÔı[˝„_ =Y◊Xb„VÃ[˝ %UÔ EıÃ[˝Á C ◊X◊[˝QÕˆ %Ã[˝„SÓ =¨JÙ =¨JÙ [˝ l˘ÁG–
Â]Á][˝Á◊TˆÃ[˝ %Á„_Á„Eı ◊XÃ[˝›l˘S EıÃ[˝Á AEıcÕ EıUÁ* aÁl˘ÁÅ`ÔXcÕ a…^ÔÓÁ„_ÁEı, ^Ác˜Á
•ÁÃ[˝Á a]ÿôˆ %Ã[˝SÓ %Á„_Á◊EıTˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á %„XübSEıÁÃ[˝›Ã[˝ XÃ^X„GÁªJÙÃ[˝ c˜Ã^* aÁl˘ÁÅ`ÔX
Â^Á„GcÕ _\ˆÓ*
Y«Ã[˝ÁS
Y…[[˝Ô Y“[˝„µ˘ =Y◊Xb„VÃ[˝ EıUÁ ◊_◊FÃ^Á◊ªK˜ A[˝e =Y◊Xb„VÃ[˝ Y“E ıTˆ C a+…SÔ
%UÔ [˝«◊Mı[˝ÁÃ[˝ Y“SÁ_› ÂVFÁcÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜* =Y◊XbV Â^]X ◊c˜≥V«W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ Y“]ÁS, Y«Ã[˝ÁSC
Y“]ÁS, `“”◊Tˆ Â^]X Y“]ÁS, ÿˆÇ ◊TˆC Y“]ÁS, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ AEıV„Ã[˝Ã[˝ X„c˜* `“”◊Tˆ C Y“TˆÓl˘
Y“]Á„SÃ[˝ a„Ü ^◊V ÿˆÇ ◊TˆÃ[˝ ◊[˝„Ã[˝ÁW˝ c˜Ã^, TˆÁc˜Á c˜cÕ„_ ÿˆÇ ◊TˆÃ[˝ Y“]ÁS G–c˜S›Ã^ X„c˜*
^Ác˜Á Â^ÁG◊aà˘ ◊V[˝ÓªJÙl«˘Y“Áä @◊bGS V`ÔX Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X, %‹ôˆ^ÔÓÁ]› LGVÀmÃ[˝”
TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ ◊[˝£à˘ [˝«◊à˘„Eı `“[˝S EıÃ[˝ÁcÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜X, TˆÁc˜ÁcÕ `“”◊Tˆ* Y“ÁªJÙ›X p˚ÁX C ◊[˝VÓÁ,
^Ác˜Á Y«Ã[˝”bYÃ[˝+Ã[˝ÁÃ^ Ã[˝◊l˘Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á %Á◊aÃ^Á‰ªK˜, TˆÁc˜ÁcÕ ÿˆÇ ◊Tˆ* Â`„bÁN˛ p˚ÁX
%„X„Eı[Ã ˝ ]«„F %„X„Eı[Ã ˝ ]„X Y◊Ã[˝[˝◊wÔ¯Tˆ, ◊[˝Eı Tˆ c˜c˜^ÃO ÁC %Á◊a„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝, %[˝ÿˆö Á‹ôˆ„[Ã ˝
X…TˆX X…TˆX ]Tˆ C Y“„Ã^ÁL„XÃ[˝ %X«E…ı_ X…TˆX %ÁEıÁÃ[˝ W˝ÁÃ[˝S Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á %Á◊a„Tˆ
YÁ„Ã[˝* %TÂ[˝ ÿˆÇ ◊Tˆ `“”◊TˆÃ[˝ XÓÁÃ^ %}Á‹ôˆ [˝_Á ^ÁÃ^ XÁ* ÿˆÇ ◊Tˆ %„YÏÃ[˝”„bÃ^ X„c˜,
]X«„bÓÃ[˝ a›]Á[˝à˘ Y◊Ã[˝[˝wÔ¯X`›_ ]Tˆ C [˝«◊à˘Ã[˝ a ◊rÙ*
Y«Ã[˝ÁS ÿˆÇ ◊TˆÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó Y“W˝ÁX* =Y◊Xb„VÃ[˝ %ÁW˝ÓÁ◊≈±¡Eı Tˆ√º¯ Y«Ã[˝Á„S =YXÓÁa
C Ã[˝÷YEıÁEıÁ„Ã[˝ Y◊Ã[˝STˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó \ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝ cÕ◊Tˆc˜Áa, ◊c˜≥V«W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝
=w¯„Ã[˝Áw¯Ã[˝ [˝ ◊à˘ C %◊\ˆ[˝Ó◊N˛, Y«Ã[˝ÁTˆX aÁ]Á◊LEı %[˝ÿöˆÁ, %ÁªJÙÁÃ[˝, Y…LÁ, Â^ÁG-
aÁW˝X, ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁY“SÁ_›Ã[˝ %„XEı %Á[˝`ÓEı EıUÁ YÁCÃ^Á ^ÁÃ^* cÕc˜Á ◊\ˆ~ Y«Ã[˝ÁSEıÁÃ[˝
Y“ÁÃ^ aEı„_ c˜Ã^ ◊aà˘, XÃ^ aÁW˝Eı; TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ p˚ÁX C aÁW˝X_ç˘ =Y_◊ç˘ TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝
Ã[˝◊ªJÙTˆ Y«Ã[˝Á„S ◊_◊Y[˝à˘ c˜cÕÃ^Á Ã[˝◊c˜Ã^Á‰ªK˜* Â[˝V C =Y◊XbV ◊c˜≥V«W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ %Áa_
G–‹öˆ, Y«Ã[˝ÁS ÂacÕ G–„‹öˆÃ[˝ [˝ÓÁFÓÁ* [˝ÓÁFÓÁ %Áa_ G–„‹öˆÃ[˝ a]ÁX c˜cÕ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ XÁ*
T«ˆ◊] Â^ [˝ÓÁFÓÁ EıÃ[˝ %Á◊] ÂacÕ [˝ÓÁFÓÁ XÁC Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ %Áa_ G–‹öˆ
Y◊Ã[˝[˝wÔ¯X [˝Á %G–Ác˜Ó Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ EıÁc˜ÁÃ[˝C %◊W˝EıÁÃ[˝ XÁcÕ* ^Ác˜ÁÃ[˝ Â[˝V C =Y◊Xb„VÃ[˝
a„Ü ◊]_ c˜Ã^ XÁ, TˆÁc˜Á ◊c˜≥V«W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ %Ü [˝◊_Ã^Á G c˜›Tˆ c˜cÕ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ XÁ, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ
Y«Ã[˝Á„SÃ[˝ a„Ü ◊]_ XÁ c˜cÕ„_C X…Tˆ X ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ G c˜›Tˆ c˜cÕ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝* [˝ÓÁFÓÁÃ[˝ ]…_Ó
[˝ÓÁFÓÁEıwÔ¯ÁÃ[˝ Â]W˝Á`◊N˛, p˚ÁX C ◊[˝VÓÁÃ[˝ =Y„Ã[˝ ◊X\ˆ¤Ã[˝ Eı„Ã[˝* Â^]X, [˝ÓÁa„V„[˝Ã[˝
Ã[˝◊ªJÙTˆ Y«Ã[˝ÁS ^◊V ◊[˝VÓ]ÁX UÁ◊EıTˆ, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ %ÁVÃ[˝ Y“ÁÃ^ `“”◊TˆÃ[˝ a]ÁX c˜cÕTˆ;
TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ %\ˆÁ„[˝ C Â_Á]c˜bÔSÃ[˝◊ªJÙTˆ Y«Ã[˝Á„SÃ[˝ %\ˆÁ„[˝ Â^ %rÙÁV` Y«Ã[˝ÁS ◊[˝VÓ]ÁX
Ã[˝◊c˜Ã^Á‰ªK˜, Tˆ XΩ„W˝Ó aEı„_Ã[˝ a]ÁX %ÁVÃ[˝ XÁ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ◊[˝b«’ C \ˆÁG[˝Tˆ Y«Ã[˝Á„SÃ[˝
XÓÁÃ^ Â^ÁG◊aà˘ [˝Ó◊N˛Ã[˝ Ã[˝ªJÙXÁ„Eı %◊W˝Eı ]…_Ó[˝ÁX [˝◊_„Tˆ c˜Ã^, ]ÁEÔı„â¯Ã^ Y«Ã[˝Á„SÃ[˝
]Tˆ Y◊â¯Tˆ %W˝ÓÁ±¡◊[˝VÓÁYÃ[˝ÁÃ^S Â_F„EıÃ[˝ Ã[˝ªJÙXÁ„Eı ◊`[˝ [˝Á %◊G¬Y«Ã[˝ÁS %„Yl˘Á
G\ˆ›Ã[˝ p˚ÁXY…SÔ [˝◊_Ã^Á ◊ªJÙ◊X„Tˆ c˜Ã^* Tˆ„[˝ [˝ÓÁa„V„[˝Ã[˝ Y«Ã[˝ÁS ^FX %ÁW˝«◊XEı
Y«Ã[˝ÁSm◊_Ã[˝ %Á◊VG–‹öˆ, AcÕm◊_Ã[˝ ]„W˝Ó Â^ªRÙO› ◊XE ırÙ TˆÁc˜Á„TˆC ◊c˜≥V«W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ Tˆ√º¯-
Y“EıÁÈı %„XEı EıUÁ ◊X∏JÙÃ^ Ã[˝◊c˜Ã^Á‰ªK˜, A[˝e ^FX ◊XE ırÙ Y«Ã[˝ÁSC ◊Lp˚Áa« [˝Á
\ˆN˛ Â^ÁGÁ\ˆÓÁaÃ[˝Tˆ aÁW˝„EıÃ[˝ Â_FÁ, TˆFX Ã[˝ªJÙ◊Ã^TˆÁÃ[˝ ÿëˆ Y“Ã^Áa-_ç˘ p˚ÁX C ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁC
%ÁVÃ[˝S›Ã^*
Â[˝V C =Y◊XbV c˜cÕ„Tˆ Y«Ã[˝ÁS„Eı ÿëˆTˆ‹óˆ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á È[˝◊VEı W˝∂ˆÇÔ C ÂYÏÃ[˝Á◊SEı
W˝∂ˆÇÔ [˝◊_Ã^Á cÕeÃ[˝ÁL›-◊`◊l˘Tˆ Â_ÁEı Â^ ◊]UÓÁ Â\ˆV Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜, TˆÁc˜Á }] C
%p˚ÁXaê…ˆTˆ* Â[˝V C =Y◊Xb„VÃ[˝ p˚ÁX a[[˝ÔaÁW˝ÁÃ[˝S„Eı [˝«MıÁÃ^, [˝ÓÁFÓÁ Eı„Ã[˝,
◊[˝ÿôˆÁ◊Ã[˝Tˆ\ˆÁ„[˝ %Á„_ÁªJÙXÁ Eı„Ã[˝, L›[˝„XÃ[˝ aÁ]ÁXÓ aÁ]ÁXÓ EıÁ„^ÔÓ _ÁGÁcÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÊªJÙrÙÁ
Eı„Ã[˝ [˝◊_Ã^Á Y«Ã[˝ÁS ◊c˜≥V«W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ Y“]Á„SÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó G c˜›Tˆ* ^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á Â[˝V C =Y◊XbV
\«ˆ◊_Ã^Á Y«Ã[˝ÁS„Eı ÿëˆTˆ‹óˆ C ^„UrÙ Y“]ÁS [˝◊_Ã^Á G–c˜S Eı„Ã[˝X, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ÁC }Á‹ôˆ*
TˆÁc˜Á„Tˆ ◊c˜≥V«W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ %}Á‹ôˆ C %„YÏÃ[˝”„bÃ^ ]…_ [˝ÁV ÂVCÃ^ÁÃ[˝ }] C ◊]UÓÁp˚ÁX„Eı
Y“`“Ã^ ÂVCÃ^Á c˜Ã^, Â[˝„VÃ[˝ %UÔ Â_ÁY YÁÃ^, Y«Ã[˝Á„SÃ[˝ Y“E ıTˆ %UÔC Â_ÁY YÁÃ^*
Â[˝„VÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ Y«Ã[˝ÁS„Eı Y“◊Tˆ◊úˆTˆ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á Y«Ã[˝Á„SÃ[˝ =Y„^ÁG Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ c˜Ã^*
<`Á =Y◊XbV
Eı∂ˆÇÔ„^Á„GÃ[˝ Y“W˝ÁX Tˆ√º¯
1* AcÕ ªJÙ_ Y ◊U[˝›Ã[˝ ]„W˝Ó ^Ác˜Á ◊EıªK«˜ ªJÙ_, AcÕ a[˝cÕ ÂVF Â^X <`üÃ[˝ •ÁÃ[˝Á
%Á[˝ Tˆ C %Á¨K˜Á◊VTˆ* AcÕ aEı_ TˆÓÁG Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á Â\ˆÁG EıÃ[˝, EıÁc˜ÁÃ[˝C W˝„XÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝
Â_Á\ˆV ◊rÙ Eı◊Ã[˝C XÁ*
2* AcÕ Â_Á„Eı Eı∂ˆÇÔ EıÃ[˝ÁcÕ Ê`“Ã^f, Eı∂ˆÇÔ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ `Tˆ[˝bÔ [˝gÁ◊ªJÙ„Tˆ cÕ¨K˜Á
Eı[Ã ˝* Ac˜[ÃO ˝÷Y Eı∂ˆÇ„Ô ^Á„G --- TˆÓÁG^«N˛ Â\ˆÁG ^Ác˜Á[Ã ˝ _l˘S --- ]X«„bÓÃ[˝ [˝◊« à˘ ÿëÊı Tˆ
Eı„∂ˆÇÔ ◊X◊_Ôä c˜cÕÃ^Á UÁ„Eı; ]X«bÓ T«ˆ◊], AcÕ ◊\ˆ~ %XÓ =YÁÃ^ ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ XÁcÕ*
3* Â^ %µ˘ ◊Tˆ◊]Ã[˝Á[˝ Tˆ Â_ÁEı aEı_„Eı %a«Ã[˝ Â_ÁEı [˝„_, ^Ác˜ÁÃ[˝Á %Á±¡c˜TˆÓÁ
Eı„Ã[˝, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á ÂVc˜TˆÓÁ„G ÂacÕ aEı_ Â_Á„Eı G]X Eı„Ã[˝*
<`üÃ[˝ ◊Eı? ◊Tˆ◊X YÃ[˝[˝–°˘, %Á±¡Á
4* ^Ác˜Á AEı, ^Ác˜Á %ªJÙ_ c˜cÕÃ^ÁC ]X %„Yl˘Á Â[˝G[˝ÁX, ÂV[˝GS TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝
◊YªK˜„X ªK«˜◊ªRÙOÃ^Á TˆÁc˜Á W˝◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝„_X XÁ* %XÓ aEı„_ W˝Á◊[˝Tˆ c˜Ã^, TˆÁc˜Á VÒÁQÕˆÁcÕÃ^Á
UÁ◊EıÃ^ÁC TˆÁc˜Á◊VG„Eı %◊Tˆy‘]S Eı„Ã[˝* TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó %ÁEıÁ„` [˝c˜]ÁX Y“ÁSÃ[˝÷Y
[˝ÁÃ^« L„_Ã[˝ ◊[˝EıÁÃ[˝ aEı_ ◊[˝◊c˜Tˆ ÿöˆÁ„X ÿöˆÁYX Eı„Ã[˝*
5* TˆÁc˜Á ªJÙ_ %UªJÙ %ªJÙ_, TˆÁc˜Á V…„Ã[˝ %UªJÙ ◊XEıªRÙO, TˆÁc˜Á AcÕ aEı„_Ã[˝ %‹ôˆ„Ã[˝
◊ÿöˆTˆ %UªJÙ AcÕ aEı„_Ã[˝ [˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝ ◊ÿöˆTˆ*
a[[˝Ôy %Á±¡V`Ô„XÃ[˝ Zı_
6* ◊^◊X a[[˝Ô\…ˆTˆ %Á±¡ÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó A[˝e a[[˝Ô\…ˆ„TˆÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó %Á±¡Á„Eı ÂV„FX,
TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Y„Ã[˝ EıÁc˜ÁÃ[˝C =YÃ[˝ Â•b Eı„Ã[˝X XÁ, ◊EıªK«˜„Tˆ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ H SÁÃ[˝ =‰V–Eı c˜Ã^
XÁ*
7* TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ p˚ÁX %Á‰ªK˜ A[˝e a[[˝Ô\…ˆTˆ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ◊ªJÙ„w¯ %Á±¡ÁcÕ [˝◊_Ã^Á %X«\…ˆTˆ
c˜Ã^; ÂacÕ %[˝ÿöˆÁÃ^ Â]Ác˜ [˝Á Â`ÁEı ◊EıÃ[˝÷„Y c˜cÕ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝? ◊Tˆ◊X a[[˝Ôy AEı±ºˆ
ÂV„FX %UÔÁd AEı YÃ[˝„]`üÃ[˝„EıcÕ ÂV„FX*
<`üÃ[˝ ÂEı?
8* ◊Tˆ◊XcÕ a[[˝Ôy Y“a Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜X* ^Ác˜Á ÂLÓÁ◊Tˆ∂ˆÇÔÃ^, ◊XÃ[˝ÁEıÁÃ[˝, ÂVÁbÃ[˝◊c˜Tˆ,
^Ác˜ÁÃ[˝ ÿoˆÁÃ^« cÕTˆÓÁ◊V ◊EıªK«˜cÕ XÁcÕ, ^Ác˜Á £à˘, ^Ác˜Á„Eı YÁY &`Ô Eı„Ã[˝ XÁ, TˆÁc˜Á
◊Tˆ◊X* ◊Tˆ◊X p˚ÁXÿëˆÃ[˝÷Y Y“Áp˚, ◊Tˆ◊X ]„XÁ]Ã^ ◊c˜Ã[˝SÓG\ˆ¤, ◊Tˆ◊X a[[˝Ô[˝ÓÁY› ◊[˝Ã[˝ÁªRÙO,
◊Tˆ◊X ÿëˆÃ^ê…ˆ T«ˆÃ[˝›Ã^* ◊Tˆ◊XcÕ aXÁTˆX EıÁ_ c˜cÕ„Tˆ aEı_ [˝ÿô«ˆ ◊XL ◊XL ÿëˆ\ˆÁ[˝
C W˝∂ˆÇÔ %X«aÁ„Ã[˝ ◊[˝W˝ÁX Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X*
◊[˝VÓÁ C %◊[˝VÓÁÃ[˝ a∂ëˆµ˘
9* ^Ác˜ÁÃ[˝Á %◊[˝VÓÁ„a[˝XcÕ Eı„Ã[˝, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á %µ˘ ◊Tˆ◊]„Ã[˝ Y“„[˝` Eı„Ã[˝; ^Ác˜ÁÃ[˝Á
◊[˝VÓÁÃ^cÕ Ã[˝Tˆ, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á Â^X TˆÁc˜Á %„Yl˘ÁC GÁªRÕÙ ◊Tˆ◊]„Ã[˝ ◊X]G¬ c˜Ã^*
10* ◊[˝VÓÁÃ^ AEı Zı_ ◊[˝◊c˜Tˆ, %◊[˝VÓÁÃ^ %XÓ Zı_ ◊[˝◊c˜Tˆ, Â^ [˝›Ã[˝Y«Ã[˝”b„VÃ[˝
◊XEıªRÙO %Á]Ã[˝Á YÃ[˝[˝–„°˘Ã[˝ Tˆ√º¯[˝ÓÁFÓÁ YÁcÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ÁcÕ %Á]Á◊VG„Eı AcÕ EıUÁ
[˝◊_Ã^Á‰ªK˜X*
11* Â^ ◊[˝VÓÁC LÁ„X, %◊[˝VÓÁC LÁ„X, Âa %◊[˝VÓÁÃ^ ] T«ˆÓÃ[˝ YÁÃ[˝ c˜cÕÃ^Á
◊[˝VÓÁÃ^ %] Tˆ±ºˆ Â\ˆÁG Eı„Ã[˝*
12* ^Ác˜ÁÃ[˝Á %[˝ÓN˛ Y“E ı◊Tˆ„EıcÕ =YÁaXÁ Eı„Ã[˝ TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á %µ˘ ◊Tˆ◊]„Ã[˝ Y“„[˝`
Eı„Ã[˝; ^Ác˜ÁÃ[˝Á [˝ÓN˛ Y“E ı◊Tˆ„TˆcÕ Ã[˝Tˆ TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á Â^X TˆÁc˜Á %„Yl˘ÁC GÁªRÕÙ ◊Tˆ◊]„Ã[˝
◊X]G¬ c˜Ã^*
13* L„XΩ„Tˆ AEı Zı_ ◊[˝◊c˜Tˆ, LXΩ[˝#„¤ X %XÓ Zı_ ◊[˝◊c˜Tˆ; Â^ [˝›[Ã ˝Y[Ã« ˝”b„VÃ[˝
◊XEıªRÙO %Á]Ã[˝Á YÃ[˝[˝–„°˘Ã[˝ Tˆ√º¯[˝ÓÁFÓÁ YÁcÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ÁcÕ %Á]Á◊VG„Eı AcÕ EıUÁ
[˝◊_Ã^Á‰ªK˜X*
14* Â^ aê…ˆ◊Tˆ C ◊[˝XÁ` (_›_Á C ◊X[[˝ÔÁS) =\ˆÃ^„EıcÕ LÁ„X, Âa ◊[˝XÁ„`
] T«ˆÓÃ[˝ YÁÃ[˝ c˜cÕÃ^Á aê…ˆ◊Tˆ„Tˆ %] Tˆ±ºˆ Â\ˆÁG Eı„Ã[˝*
Â^ÁG◊a◊à˘Ã[˝ Y“ÁUÔXÁ
15* a„TˆÓÃ[˝ ]«F ÿëˆSÔ]Ã^ YÁy •ÁÃ[˝Á %Á[˝ Tˆ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á Ã[˝ÁFÁ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜; Âc˜ a…^ÔÓ,
aTˆÓcÕ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ W˝∂ˆÇÔ, T«ˆ◊] %Á]ÁÃ[˝ aTˆÓV`Ô„XÃ[˝ LXÓ ÂacÕ %Á[˝Ã[˝S aÃ[˝ÁcÕÃ^Á VÁC*
<`Á =Y◊XbV 333
16* Âc˜ a…^ÔÓ, Âc˜ Y…bS, Âc˜ AEı]Áy p˚ÁX›, Âc˜ ^], Âc˜ Y“LÁY◊TˆTˆXÃ^,
ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ ◊EıÃ[˝SLÁ_ [˝Á◊c˜Tˆ EıÃ[˝, Y„Ã[˝ (a…^ÔÓ]â¯„_Ã[˝ ]„W˝Ó) aec˜Tˆ EıÃ[˝* Â^
ÂLÓÁ◊Tˆ ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ (%rÙÃ[˝÷„YÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó) a[[˝Ô‰`“úˆ C a«≥VÃ[˝Ã[˝÷Y, TˆÁc˜Á Â^X ÂV◊F„Tˆ
YÁcÕ* Â^ Y«Ã[˝”b ÂacÕFÁ„X %[˝◊ÿöˆTˆ, %Á◊]cÕ Âa*
17* AcÕ Â^ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ Y“ÁS, TˆÁc˜Á [˝ÁÃ^« ◊\ˆ~ ◊EıªK«˜cÕ X„c˜, `Ã[˝›Ã[˝ \ˆ„ÿˆÇ
Y◊Ã[˝STˆ c˜Ã^, cÕc˜ÁcÕ ] T«ˆÓÃ[˝◊c˜Tˆ* Âc˜ `◊N˛Ã[˝ %ÁW˝ÁÃ[˝ ]X, ÿˆÇÃ[˝S EıÃ[˝, ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝
E ıTÊı∂ˆÇÔ ÿˆÇÃ[˝S EıÃ[˝, Âc˜ ]X, ÿˆÇÃ[˝S EıÃ[˝, Eı∂ˆÇÔaEı_ ÿˆÇÃ[˝S EıÃ[˝*
18* Âc˜ %◊G¬, T«ˆ◊] ÂV[˝, aEı_ Eı∂ˆÇÔ p˚ÁTˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á a«Y„U %Á]Á◊VG„Eı
]Ü_W˝Á„] _cÕÃ^Á ^ÁC* %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ E«ı◊ªRÙO_ YÁYY“[˝ ◊w %Á±¡aÁd EıÃ[˝, ÂTˆÁ]Á„Eı
[˝ÁÃ[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ X]ïıÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝*
*
`·¯[Ã ˝ÁJª ÙÁ^ÔÓ <`Á =Y◊Xb„V p˚ÁXEıÁâ¯ C Eı∂ˆÇEÔ ıÁ„â¯[Ã ˝ ÿëˆTˆ‹ˆó C YÃ[˝&[Ã ˝◊[˝„[Ã ˝ÁW˝›
◊`l˘Á [˝«◊MıÃ^Á ÂacÕÃ[˝÷Y [˝ÓÁFÓÁ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X* `·¯Ã[˝ p˚ÁX]ÁGÔYÃ[˝ÁÃ^S, %Í•Tˆ[˝ÁV›,
--- Â[˝„V a[[˝Ôy p˚ÁX]Á„GÔÃ[˝ Y“èaÁ, Eı„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ c˜›XTˆÁ, %Í•Tˆ[˝Á„VÃ[˝ Y◊Ã[˝„YÁbEı
%UÔ ÂV◊FÃ^Á‰ªK˜X* %XÓ %ÁªJÙÁ^ÔÓGS %XÓÃ[˝÷Y [˝ÓÁFÓÁ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X* Â^FÁ„X XÁXÁ
]«◊XÃ[˝ XÁXÁ ]Tˆ, %Á]Ã[˝Á ÂEıÁXÀ YU %X«aÃ[˝S Eı◊Ã[˝[˝? %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ◊[˝„[˝ªJÙXÁÃ^ Y“„TˆÓEı
`„åÃ[˝ aÃ[˝_ ÿëˆÁ\ˆÁ◊[˝Eı %„UÔÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ ◊X\ˆ¤Ã[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á =Y◊XbV ÿëˆÃê ◊Eı [˝„_ TˆÁc˜Á
ÂV◊F„Tˆ c˜Ã^; ÂEıÁXC ""[˝Á„VÃ[˝'' ◊V„Eı %UÔ ªRÙOÁ◊X„_ [˝ÓÁFÓÁÃ[˝ ◊[˝}ÁªRÙO c˜Ã^* %ÁÃ[˝
AEı EıUÁ ÿˆÇÃ[˝S EıÃ[˝Á =◊ªJÙTˆ* =Y◊Xb„VÃ[˝ @◊bGS TÊÔı[˝„_ ◊aà˘Á„‹ôˆ =YX›Tˆ
c˜cÕÃ^Á ÂEıÁX EıUÁÃ[˝ %[˝TˆÁÃ[˝SÁ Eı„Ã[˝X XÁcÕ, --- TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á V–rÙÁ, Â^ÁG]Á„GÔ ^Ác˜Á V`ÔX
Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X TˆÁc˜ÁcÕ [˝ÓN˛ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X, TˆÁc˜ÁcÕ TÊÔı •ÁÃ[˝Á a]UÔX Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ
TÊÔı Y“]ÁS X„c˜, V`ÔXcÕ Y“]ÁS* Â^ TÊÔı Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ◊aà˘Á„‹ôˆ =YX›Tˆ c˜Ã^ Âa Y“E ıTˆ
VÁ`Ô◊XEı X„c˜; Â^ Tˆ√º¯V`fi, ÂacÕ Y“E ıTˆ VÁ`Ô◊XEı* AcÕ V«cÕ ◊XÃ^„]Ã[˝ =YÃ[˝ ◊X\ˆ¤Ã[˝
Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á %Á]Ã[˝Á <`Á =Y◊Xb„VÃ[˝ [˝ÓÁFÓÁÃ^ Y“[˝ w¯ c˜cÕ_Á]* Y“„TˆÓEı Ê`¿Á„EıÃ[˝ [˝ÓÁFÓÁ
Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á Y„Ã[˝ AcÕ =Y◊Xb„V Â^ p˚ÁX◊`l˘Á Y“Vw¯ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ %Á„_ÁªJÙXÁ
Eı◊Ã[˝[˝* W˝∂ˆÇÔ Y◊≈yEıÁÃ^ G›TˆÁÃ[˝ [˝ÓÁFÓÁ ªJÙ◊_„Tˆ‰ªK˜, G›TˆÁÃ[˝ %„XEı EıUÁÃ[˝ Y“]ÁS AcÕ
=Y◊Xb„V YÁCÃ^Á ^ÁÃ^ [˝◊_Ã^Á <`Á =Y◊Xb„VÃ[˝ C G›TˆÁÃ[˝ [˝ÓÁFÓÁ AEıa]„Ã^
EıÃ[˝Á ^«◊N˛aÜTˆ ◊[˝„[˝ªJÙXÁ Eı◊Ã[˝_Á]*
=Y◊Xb„V Y…SÔ„^ÁG
Y…SÔ„^ÁG, XÃ[˝„V„c˜ ÂV[˝L›[˝X, %Á±¡Y“◊Tˆ◊úˆTˆ, \ˆG[˝d`◊N˛ªJÙÁ◊_Tˆ Y…SÔ_›_Á*
^Ác˜Á„Eı %Á]Ã[˝Á ]X«bÓL„XΩÃ[˝ Jª Ù[Ã ˝] =„Å`Ó ◊X„Å¤` Eı◊[Ã ˝^Ã Á Y“Jª ÙÁ[Ã ˝ Eı◊[Ã ˝, AcÕ ◊aà˘Á„‹ôˆ[Ã ˝
]…_ ◊\ˆ◊w¯ Â^]XcÕ ÂEıÁXC [˝«◊à˘-G◊PˆTˆ X…TˆX ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ X„c˜, ÂTˆ]XcÕ ÂEıÁXC Y“ÁªJÙ›X
Yg«◊UÃ[˝ c˜Ã[˝Zı, ÂEıÁXC Â_FÁ-`Á‰ÿóˆÃ[˝ Y“]ÁS [˝Á VÁ`Ô◊XEı a…‰yÃ[˝ ÂVÁc˜ÁcÕ TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝
X„c˜* ◊\ˆ◊w¯ Y…SÔTˆÃ[˝ %W˝ÓÁ±¡p˚ÁX, ◊\ˆ◊w¯ %Á±¡ÁÃ^ [˝«◊à˘„Tˆ c˜÷V„Ã^ Y“Á„S ÂV„c˜
\ˆÁG[˝Tˆ aw¯ÁÃ[˝ Lù_‹ôˆ %X«\…ˆ◊Tˆ* AcÕ p˚ÁX ◊EıªK«˜ X…TˆX %Á◊[˝õıÁÃ[˝ XÃ^, %◊Tˆ
Y«Ã[˝ÁTˆX, ◊XTˆÁ‹ôˆ aXÁTˆX* AcÕ %X«\…ˆ◊Tˆ Â[˝„VÃ[˝ Y“ÁªJÙ›X @◊bÃ[˝, =Y◊Xb„VÃ[˝ aTˆÓ-
V–rÙÁ ªJÙÃ[˝] p˚ÁX›Ã[˝, --- ""aTˆÓ`“”Tˆf Eı[˝Ã^f'' ^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á, TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝cÕ %X«\…ˆ◊Tˆ* Eı◊_Ã[˝
Y◊TˆTˆ \ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝ ÈXÃ[˝Á`Ó„HÃ[˝Á l«˘V–Á`Ã^TˆÁÃ^ C ◊[˝Zı_ Y“^±Ûˆ Y“Á„S X…TˆX Â`ÁXÁÃ^
[˝‰ªRÙO, --- Â^FÁ„X %◊W˝EıÁe`cÕ %ÁW˝]ÁX«b c˜cÕÃ^Á L›[˝X ^ÁYX Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ a‹ô«ˆrÙ,
Y«Ã[˝Á ]X«bÓ„±ºˆÃ[˝ aÁW˝XÁ EıLX Eı„Ã[˝, ÂaFÁ„X XÃ[˝„V[˝„±ºˆÃ[˝ EıÁ EıUÁ* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ AcÕ
%ÁV`Ô _cÕÃ^ÁcÕ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ `◊N˛W˝Ã[˝ %Á^ÔÓ Y…[[˝ÔY«Ã[˝”„bÃ[˝Á LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ Y“U] L›[˝X GPˆX
Eı◊Ã[˝„_X* AcÕ p˚ÁXa…„^ÔÓÃ[˝ ={Áa\ˆÃ[˝Á >bÁEıÁ„_ %Á±¡ÿöˆ %ÁX≥V◊[˝c˜„ÜÃ[˝
ÂaÁ]Ã[˝aY¿Á◊[˝TÊı„¢ˆ Â[˝VGÁ„XÃ[˝ %Á‚º˜ÁXW[˝◊X =◊PˆÃ^Á ◊[˝`ü„V[˝TˆÁÃ[˝ ªJÙÃ[˝SY“Á„‹ôˆ
ÂYgÏ◊ªK˜_* ]X«„bÓÃ[˝ %Á±¡ÁÃ^, ]X«„bÓÃ[˝ L›[˝„X a[[˝Ô◊[˝W˝ ÂV[˝±ºˆ GPˆX •ÁÃ[˝Á ÂacÕ
%]Ã[˝ ◊[˝`ü„V„[˝Ã[˝ ]c˜›Ãâ› Y“◊Tˆ]…◊wÔ¯ ÿöˆÁYX EıÃ[˝ÁÃ[˝ =¨JÙÁ`Á ◊ªK˜_ \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ-a\ˆÓTˆÁÃ[˝
Y“U] [˝›L]‹óˆ* y‘]`f ÂacÕ ]‹óˆ \«ˆ◊_Ã^Á ^ÁCÃ^Á, ‚—˜Áa EıÃ[˝Á, ◊[˝E ıTˆ EıÃ[˝Á, AcÕ
ÂV„`Ã[˝ C AcÕ LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ %[˝X◊Tˆ C V«GÔ◊TˆÃ[˝ EıÁÃ[˝S* %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÂacÕ ]‹óˆ =¨JÙÁÃ[˝S,
%Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÂacÕ ◊a◊à˘Ã[˝ aÁW˝XÁ, Y«XÃ[˝”xÁX C =~◊TˆÃ[˝ AEı]Áy Ê`“úˆ YU C AEı]Áy
%◊X≥VÓ =YÁÃ^* ÂEıXXÁ, cÕc˜ÁcÕ Y…SÔ aTˆÓ, --- Â^]X [˝Ó◊rÙÃ[˝ ÂTˆ]◊X a]◊rÙÃ[˝
aÁZı_Ó AcÕFÁ„XcÕ* ]X«„bÓÃ[˝ aÁW˝XÁ, LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ GPˆX, a\ˆÓTˆÁÃ[˝ a ◊rÙ C y‘]◊[˝EıÁ`,
AcÕ aEı„_Ã[˝ G…ªRÕÙ TˆÁdY^ÔÓ cÕc˜ÁcÕ* %XÓ Â^ aEı_ =„Å„`ÓÃ[˝ ◊YªK˜„X %Á]Á„VÃ[˝
Y“ÁS C [˝«◊à˘ ªK«˜◊ªRÙOÃ^Á c˜Ã^Ã[˝ÁX c˜Ã^, Âa aEı_ ÂGÏS =„Å`Ó %Áe◊Èı, ÂV[˝TˆÁ„VÃ[˝
aTˆÓ %◊\â◊µ˘Ã[˝ ac˜ÁÃ^ ]Áy* %XÓ Â^ aEı_ Fâ¯-◊a◊à˘ _cÕÃ^Á %Á]Ã[˝Á ={◊aTˆ
c˜cÕ, ÂacÕ aEı_ ÂEı[˝_ Y„UÃ[˝ %ÁÃ[˝Á]G c˜, ]ÁGÔÿöˆ Y[[˝ÔTˆ◊`F„Ã[˝ LÃ^YTˆÁEıÁ
ÊY“Á◊UTˆ EıÃ[˝Á* %Áa_ =„Å`Ó %Áa_ ◊a◊à˘ ]X«„bÓÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó, ÂEı[˝_ Eı„ÃÊıLX
◊[˝Ã[˝_ ]c˜ÁY«Ã[˝”„b XÃ^, aEı„_Ã[˝ ]„W˝Ó, LÁ◊Tˆ„Tˆ, ◊[˝`ü]ÁX„[˝ [˝–„°˘Ã[˝ ◊[˝EıÁ` C
ÿëˆÃêY“EıÁ`, \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ Y“EıªRÙO `◊N˛aá˚ÁÃ[˝S, p˚ÁX]Ã^ %ÁX≥V]Ã^ _›_Á*
=Y◊Xb„V Y…SÔ„^ÁG 335
AcÕ p˚ÁX, AcÕ aÁW˝„XÃ[˝ Y“U] Ã[˝÷Y C %[˝ÿöˆÁ %Á]Ã[˝Á ÂV◊F„Tˆ YÁcÕ @„Gü„V*
\ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ-cÕ◊Tˆc˜Á„aÃ[˝ ]«„FcÕ %Á^ÔÓW˝∂ˆÇÔ ]◊≥V„Ã[˝Ã[˝ •ÁÃ[˝ÿöˆ ÿô…ˆ„Y ÂFÁ◊VTˆ %Á◊V◊_◊Y*
@„GüVcÕ Â^ TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ %Á◊V] [˝ÁS›, ÂaEıUÁ %Á]Ã[˝Á ◊PÊı ◊Xfa„≥V„c˜ [˝◊_„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝
XÁ, EıÁÃ[˝S @„Gü„VÃ[˝ @◊bGSC ÿëˆ›EıÁÃ[˝ Eı„Ã[˝X Â^ TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ %G–[˝w¯fi ^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á
◊ªK˜„_X, %Á^ÔÓ LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ %Á◊V Y…[[˝ÔY«Ã[˝”„bÃ[˝Á, ""Y…„[[˝Ô ◊YTˆ„Ã[˝Á ]X«bÓÁ'', AcÕ Y‹öˆÁ
%Á◊[˝õıÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜„_X, TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝cÕ ÂV[˝L›[˝X_Á„\ˆÃ[˝ aÁW˝X]ÁGÔ YÃ[˝[˝w¯fi ]ÁX„[˝Ã[˝
a„TˆÓÃ[˝ C %] Tˆ„±ºˆÃ[˝ Y‹öˆÁ* Tˆ„[˝ cÕc˜ÁcÕ [˝„_X, Y“ÁªJÙ›X @◊bÃ[˝Á ^Ác˜Á ÂVFÁcÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜„_X
X…TˆX @◊bÃ[˝ÁC TˆÁc˜ÁcÕ %X«aÃ[˝S Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜X, Â^ ◊V[˝Ó [˝ÁEÀı =¨JÙÁÃ[˝S Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜„_X
◊YT ˆG„SÃ[˝ ÂacÕ [˝ÁS›Ã[˝ Y“◊TˆW[˝◊X ÂV◊F„Tˆ YÁcÕ @„Gü„VÃ[˝ ]„‹óˆ, %TÂ[˝ @„Gü„V
AcÕ W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ Â^ Ã[˝÷Y ÂV◊F„Tˆ YÁcÕ TˆÁc˜Á„EıcÕ TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ %Á◊VÃ[˝÷Y [˝_Á ^ÁÃ^* cÕc˜ÁÃ[˝cÕ
%◊Tˆ ]c˜d %◊Tˆ =VÁÃ[˝ Ã[˝÷YÁ‹ôˆÃ[˝ =Y◊Xb„VÃ[˝ p˚ÁX, Â[˝VÁ„‹ôˆÃ[˝ aÁW˝XÁ* Â[˝„VÃ[˝
È[˝`ü„V[˝Ó p˚ÁX C ÂV[˝L›[˝X aÁW˝XÁ, =Y◊Xb„VÃ[˝ %Á±¡p˚ÁX C [˝–°˘Y“Á◊äÃ[˝ aÁW˝XÁ
V«cÕªRÙO› a]XüÃ^W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ Y“◊Tˆ◊úˆTˆ --- ◊[˝`üY«Ã[˝”b C ◊[˝`ü`◊N˛Ã[˝ XÁXÁ ◊VEı,
[˝–„°˘Ã[˝ aEı_ Tˆ√º¯„Eı AEıy Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á È[˝`ü„V[˝Ó, a[[˝Ô]À [˝–„°˘Ã[˝ %X«\…ˆ◊Tˆ C %X«`›_X
TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ]…_ EıUÁ* TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Y„Ã[˝ ◊[˝‰`¿b„SÃ[˝ ^«G %ÁÃ[˝êˆ c˜Ã^* a„TˆÓÃ[˝ AEıªRÙO› XÁ
AEıªRÙO› Fâ¯ V`ÔX _cÕÃ^Á Â[˝VÁ„‹ôˆÃ[˝ Y…[[˝Ô C =w¯Ã[˝ ]›]ÁeaÁ, aÁeFÓ Â^ÁG XÓÁÃ^
È[˝„`◊bEı ◊[˝◊\ˆ~ aÁW˝XÁ a ◊rÙ Eı„Ã[˝; Â`„b Fâ¯ V`Ô„XÃ[˝ Fâ¯ _cÕÃ^Á %Í•Tˆ[˝ÁV,
È•Tˆ[˝ÁV, ◊[˝◊`rÙÁÍ•Tˆ[˝ÁV, È[˝b’[˝ È`[˝ Y«Ã[˝ÁS Tˆ‹óˆ a]Xü„Ã^Ã[˝ ÊªJÙrÙÁC ÂEıÁXC ◊VX
UÁ„] XÁcÕ, G›TˆÁÃ^, Tˆ„‹óˆ, Y«Ã[˝Á„SC ÂacÕ ÊªJÙrÙÁ ÂV◊F, Y“„TˆÓ„Eı EıTÊıªRÙOÁ E ıTˆÁUÔC
c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜, %„XEı X…TˆX %W˝ÓÁ±¡ %X«\…ˆ◊TˆC %#¤X EıÃ[˝Á c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜, Tˆ„[˝ Â[˝V
=Y◊Xb„VÃ[˝ T«ˆ_Ó [˝ÓÁYEıTˆÁ %ÁÃ[˝ YÁcÕ XÁ* \ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝ %Á◊V] %W˝ÓÁ±¡-[˝ÁS› Â^X
[˝◊« à˘[Ã ˝ %Tˆ›Tˆ ÂEıÁXC a[[˝[Ô ˝ÓÁY› =#ù_ p˚ÁXÁ„_ÁEı c˜c˜„O Tˆ =‡…ˆTˆ, ^Ác˜Á„Eı %◊Tˆy‘]
EıÃ[˝Á V…„Ã[˝Ã[˝ EıUÁ, Â^FÁ„X ÂYgÏªK˜ÁXC [˝«◊à˘Y“W˝ÁX YÃ[˝[˝w¯fi ^«G„VÃ[˝ %aÁW˝Ó [˝Á Eı◊PˆX
c˜cÕÃ^Á ^ÁÃ^*
<` =Y◊XbV
[1]
<` =Y◊Xb„VÃ[˝ ÂaÁLÁ %UÔ G–c˜S Eı[Ã ˝Á[Ã ˝ A[˝e TˆÁc˜Á[Ã ˝ ◊X◊c˜Tˆ [˝°– ˘Tˆ√¯º %Á±¡Tˆ√¯º
C <`üÃ[˝Tˆ√º¯ c˜÷VÃ^Ü] EıÃ[˝ÁÃ[˝ Y„l˘ Y“W˝ÁX %‹ôˆÃ[˝ÁÃ^ `·¯Ã[˝ÁªJÙÁ„^ÔÓÃ[˝ Y“ªJÙÁ◊Ã[˝Tˆ ]ÁÃ^Á[˝ÁV
%ÁÃ[˝ AcÕ =Y◊Xb„VÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ `·¯Ã[˝-Y“S›Tˆ \ˆÁbÓ* aÁW˝ÁÃ[˝S ]ÁÃ^Á[˝ÁV ◊X[˝ ◊w¯Ã[˝
AEı]«F› ÂY“Ã[˝SÁ C a~ÓÁa›Ã[˝ Y“è◊aTˆ Eı∂ˆÇÔ◊[˝]«FTˆÁÃ[˝ a◊c˜Tˆ <` =Y◊Xb„VÃ[˝
a+…SÔ ◊[˝„Ã[˝ÁW˝, Ê`¿ÁEım◊_Ã[˝ %UÔ„Eı ªRÙOÁ◊XÃ^Á Ÿc˜ªJÙQÕˆÁcÕÃ^Á =∑ªRÙOÁ %UÔ a ◊rÙ XÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„_
AcÕ ◊[˝„Ã[˝Á„W˝Ã[˝ a]ÁW˝ÁX EıÃ[˝Á %aêˆ[˝* Â^ =Y◊Xb„V Â_FÁ %Á‰ªK˜
E«ı[[˝Ô‰~„[˝c˜ Eı∂ˆÇÔÁ◊S ◊LL›◊[˝„b¨K˜Tê a]Áf
%ÁÃ[˝ Â_FÁ %Á‰ªK˜
X Eı∂ˆÇÔ ◊_YÓ„Tˆ X„Ã[˝
Â^ =Y◊XbV aÁcã Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á [˝◊_Ã^Á‰ªK˜
%µ˘e Tˆ]f Y“◊[˝`◊‹ôˆ Â^ %◊[˝VÓÁ]«YÁa„Tˆ
Tˆ„TˆÁ \…ˆÃ^ cÕ[˝ ÂTˆ Tˆ„]Á ^ = ◊[˝VÓÁÃ^Áe Ã[˝TˆÁf*
%ÁÃ[˝C [˝◊_Ã^Á‰ªK˜
%◊[˝VÓÃ^Á ] T«ˆÓe Tˆ›±ºÔˆÁ
%ÁÃ[˝ cÕc˜ÁC [˝◊_Ã^Á‰ªK˜
aê…ˆTˆÓÁ] Tˆ]`¬«„Tˆ,
ÂacÕ =Y◊Xb„VÃ[˝ a„Ü ]ÁÃ^Á[˝ÁV C ◊X[˝ ◊w¯Y„UÃ[˝ ◊]_ c˜cÕ„[˝ ◊Eı Y“EıÁ„Ã[˝? `·¯„Ã[˝Ã[˝
Y„Ã[˝ ◊^◊X VÁ◊l˘SÁ„TˆÓ %Í•Tˆ ]„TˆÃ[˝ Y“W˝ÁX ◊XÃ^‹ôˆÁ, ÂacÕ ◊[˝VÓÁÃ[˝SÓ cÕc˜Á [˝«◊MıÃ^ÁcÕ
AcÕ <`„Eı [˝ÁÃ[˝ªRÙO› Y“W˝ÁX =Y◊Xb„VÃ[˝ TˆÁ◊_EıÁ c˜cÕ„Tˆ ◊X[[˝ÔÁaX Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝cÕ
ÿöˆÁ„X X ◊aec˜TˆÁYX›Ã^ =Y◊XbV„Eı [˝aÁc˜^ÃO Á ◊VÃ^Á‰ªK˜X* `·¯[Ã ˝ÁJª ÙÁ^ÔÓ Y“Jª Ù◊_Tˆ ◊[˝W˝ÁX„Eı
=∑ªRÙOÁcÕÃ^Á ÂacÕÃ[˝÷Y V«faÁcã Eı„Ã[˝X XÁcÕ* ◊Tˆ◊X [˝«◊Mı„_X, cÕc˜Á `“”◊Tˆ, ]ÁÃ^Á `“”◊TˆÃ[˝
<` =Y◊XbV 337
Y“◊TˆYÁVÓ Tˆ√¯º , %TÂ[˝ AcÕ `“”◊Tˆ[Ã ˝ Y“Eı Tˆ %UÔC ]ÁÃ^Á[˝Á„VÃ[˝ %X«Eı… _ ◊\ˆ~ Y“◊TÊı… _
c˜cÕ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ XÁ*...* ◊XeQÕˆÁcÕ„_ ◊X∏JÙÃ^ Y“E ıTˆ _«hıÁ◊Ã^Tˆ %UÔ %UÔÁd ]ÁÃ^Á[˝ÁV
--- ^‹óˆSÁÃ^ [˝ÁW˝Ó c˜cÕÃ^Á [˝Á◊c˜Ã[˝ c˜cÕÃ^Á %Á◊a„[˝* AcÕ ◊[˝Y“_◊ç˘Ã[˝ [˝`›\…ˆTˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á
`·¯Ã[˝ÁªJÙÁ^ÔÓ <` =Y◊Xb„VÃ[˝ \ˆÁbÓ Y“SÃ^X Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X*
ÂVFÁ ^ÁEı AEı◊V„Eı `Á·¯Ã[˝ \ˆÁbÓ ◊Eı [˝„_ %ÁÃ[˝ %YÃ[˝ ◊V„Eı aTˆÓ aTˆÓ
=Y◊XbVcÕ ◊Eı [˝„_* =Y◊XbdEıÁÃ[˝ <`üÃ[˝Tˆ√º¯ C LGdTˆ√º¯„Eı Y“U„]cÕ YÃ[˝&„Ã[˝Ã[˝
a∂ˆÇ«F Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ◊]_ÁcÕÃ^Á AcÕ V«cÕªRÙO›Ã[˝ ]…_ a∂ëˆµ˘ ◊X„Å¤` Eı◊Ã[˝„_X*
<`Á [˝ÁaÓ◊]Ve a[[˝Ôe ^d ◊Eıá˚ LGTˆÓÁe LGd
cÕc˜ÁÃ[˝ ÂaÁLÁ %UÔ ""<`ü„Ã[˝Ã[˝ [˝Áa Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ %„UÔ AcÕ aEı_ ◊[˝VÓ]ÁX, ^Ác˜Á ◊EıªK«˜
LGTˆ›Ã[˝ ]„W˝Ó LGd'' %UÔÁd G]X`›_ÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó G]X`›_* cÕc˜Á ac˜„L Â[˝ÁMıÁ
^ÁÃ^ Â^ [˝–°˘◊[˝EıÁ„` V«cÕªRÙO› Tˆ√º¯ Y“Eı◊ªRÙOTˆ c˜Ã^, ÿöˆÁS« C LGTˆ›, ◊X∏JÙ_ a[[˝Ô[˝ÓÁY›
◊XÃ^Á]Eı Y«Ã[˝”b C G]X`›_Á Y“E ı◊Tˆ, <`üÃ[˝ C `◊N˛* ÿöˆÁS«„Eı ^FX <`üÃ[˝ XÁ]
ÂVCÃ^Á c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜, TˆFX [˝«◊Mı„Tˆ c˜cÕ„[˝ Â^ Y«Ã[˝”b C Y“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝ a∂ëˆµ˘ AcÕ c˜Ã^ Â^
LGTˆ› <`ü„Ã[˝Ã[˝ %W˝›X, TgˆÁc˜Á •ÁÃ[˝Á ◊XÃ^◊‹óˆTˆ, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ cÕ¨K˜ÁÃ^ Y“E ı◊Tˆ aEı_ Eı∂ˆÇÔ
Eı„Ã[˝X* AcÕ Y«Ã[˝”b £W˝« aÁl˘› C %X«]‹ôˆÁ XÃ^, p˚ÁTˆÁ <`üÃ[˝, Eı„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ ◊XÃ^‹ôˆÁ,
Y“E ı◊Tˆ Eı„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ ◊XÃ^‹óˆ› X„c˜, ◊XÃ^◊Tˆ ]Áy, Eıyfi [˝‰ªRÙO ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ EıwÔ¯ÁÃ[˝ %W˝›„X, Y«Ã[˝”„bÃ[˝
%Áp˚Á[˝c˜ c˜cÕÃ^Á TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ EıÁ^ÔÓEıÁ◊Ã[˝S› `◊N˛*
TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ YÃ[˝ cÕc˜ÁC ÂVFÁ ^ÁÃ^ Â^ AcÕ LGTˆ› £W˝« G]X`›_Á `◊N˛, £W˝«
LGdEıÃ[˝SÿëˆÃ[˝÷Y Tˆ√º¯ XÃ^, Âa LGdÃ[˝÷„YC [˝wÔ¯]ÁX* LGTˆ› `„åÃ[˝ aÁW˝ÁÃ[˝S
%UÔ Y ◊U[˝›, Tˆ„[˝ AFÁ„X TˆÁc˜Á FÁ‰ªRÙO XÁ* ""LGTˆÓÁ]À LGd'' AcÕ V«cÕ `„åÃ[˝
ae„^Á„G =Y◊XbdEıÁÃ[˝ cÕ◊ÜTˆ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X Â^ V«cÕªRÙO›Ã[˝ W˝ÁT«ˆGTˆ %UÔ AFÁ„X
=„Yl˘S›Ã^ X„c˜, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ ÂLÁÃ[˝ ÂVCÃ^ÁcÕ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ =„Å`Ó* AcÕ W˝ÁT«ˆGTˆ %UÔ
G]X [˝Á G◊Tˆ*
LGTˆ› ^◊V Y ◊U[˝›cÕ c˜Ã^, TˆÁc˜Á c˜cÕ„_ [˝«◊Mı„Tˆ c˜cÕ„[˝, AcÕ aEı_ ^Ác˜Á ◊EıªK«˜
G]X`›_Á Y ◊U[˝›„Tˆ G]X`›_ c˜Ã^, %UÔÁd ^Tˆ ]X«bÓ, Y£, Eı›ªRÙO, YÁF›, XV,
XV› c˜TO ˆÓÁ◊V* AcÕ %UÔ [˝QˆÕ %aêˆ[˝* =Y◊Xb„VÃ[˝ \ˆÁbÁÃ^ a[[˝◊Ô ]V]À `„å a[[˝yÔ cÕ
LG„TˆÃ[˝ ^Á[˝d [˝ÿô«ˆ _◊l˘Tˆ c˜Ã^, Y ◊U[˝› XÃ^* %TÂ[˝ LGTˆ› `„å [˝«◊Mı„Tˆ c˜cÕ„[˝
* YÁâ«¯◊_◊Y %&rÙ
Ã[˝÷„Y Y“Eı◊ªRÙOTˆ G]X`›_Á `◊N˛, LGd `„å ^Tˆ ◊EıªK«˜ Y“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝ G◊TˆÃ[˝ AEıªRÙO›
G◊Tˆ c˜Ã^ Y“ÁS›Ã[˝÷„Y %U[˝Á YVÁUÔÃ[˝÷„Y ◊[˝VÓ]ÁX* ◊[˝„Ã[˝ÁW˝ c˜Ã^ <`üÃ[˝ C LG„TˆÃ[˝
^Á ◊EıªK«˜, AcÕ V«cÕªRÙO›Ã[˝ ]„W˝Ó* Â^]X <`üÃ[˝ ÿöˆÁS«, Y“E ı◊Tˆ [˝Á `◊N˛ G]X`›_Á,
a[[˝ÔVÁ Eı„∂ˆÇÔ C LGd[˝ÓÁY› G◊Tˆ„Tˆ [˝ÓÁY Tˆ, ÂacÕÃ[˝÷Y LG„Tˆ ^Ác˜Á ◊EıªK«˜ %Á‰ªK˜
TˆÁc˜ÁC G◊TˆÃ[˝ AEıªRÙO› l«˘V– LGd, TˆÁc˜ÁC a[[˝ÔVÁcÕ Y“◊Tˆ ]«c…˜„wÔ¯ a ◊rÙ-◊ÿöˆ◊Tˆ-Y“_„Ã^Ã[˝
a◊µ˘ÿöˆ_, ªJÙá˚_, X`üÃ[˝, ÿöˆÁS«Ã[˝ ◊[˝YÃ[˝›Tˆ* AEı◊V„Eı <`üÃ[˝, AEı◊V„Eı Y ◊U[˝› C
Y ◊U[˝›„Tˆ ^Ác˜Á ◊EıªK«˜ LÜ], cÕc˜Á„Tˆ ÂacÕ ◊XTˆÓ ◊[˝„Ã[˝ÁW˝ Z«ı‰ªRÙO XÁ* AEı◊V„Eı ÿöˆÁS«
<`üÃ[˝, %YÃ[˝◊V„Eı ªJÙá˚_Á Y“E ı◊Tˆ C TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ a rÙ LG„TˆÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó Y“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝ G◊TÊ ıTˆ
^Ác˜Á ◊EıªK«˜ %Á‰ªK˜, ---- ^Á[˝Tˆ›Ã^ %ÿöˆÁÃ^› [˝ÿô«ˆ, AcÕ a[[˝ÔLX_◊l˘Tˆ ◊XTˆÓ◊[˝„Ã[˝ÁW˝
_cÕÃ^Á =Y◊Xb„VÃ[˝ %ÁÃ[˝êˆ* AcÕ ◊[˝„Ã[˝Á„W˝Ã[˝ a]ÁW˝ÁX ÂEıÁUÁÃ^? AcÕ V«cÕ Tˆ„√º¯Ã[˝ Y…SÔ
a∂ëˆµ˘ [˝Á ◊Eı*
AcÕ ◊[˝„Ã[˝ÁW˝ C TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ a]ÁW˝Á„XÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ a]ÿôˆ =Y◊XbV G◊PˆTˆ* Y„Ã[˝ <`üÃ[˝
◊Eı %ÁÃ[˝ LGd ◊Eı TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ◊[˝ªJÙÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ ◊GÃ^Á =Y◊XbdEıÁÃ[˝ ◊TˆX[˝ÁÃ[˝ TˆÁc˜ÁcÕ
%XÓY“EıÁ„Ã[˝ =xÁYX Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X* Y“U] [˝–„°˘Ã[˝ Â[˝_ÁÃ^ Y«Ã[˝”b C Y“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝ ◊[˝„Ã[˝ÁW˝
%ÍXLVÀ AEıe ]X„aÁ L[˝›Ã^f... TˆVÀ AL◊Tˆ TˆÎ~L◊Tˆ --- AcÕ EıÃ^ªRÙO› `„å ◊Tˆ◊X
[˝«MıÁcÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜X Â^ V«cÕªRÙO› [˝–°˘, Y«Ã[˝”bC [˝–°˘, Y“E ı◊Tˆ %ÁÃ[˝ Y“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝÷Y› LGdC
[˝–°˘* TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ YÃ[˝ %Á±¡ÁÃ[˝ EıUÁÃ^, <`üÃ[˝ C ^Ác˜Á ◊EıªK«˜ LG„TˆÃ[˝ TˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ ◊[˝„Ã[˝ÁW˝*
%Á±¡ÁcÕ <`üÃ[˝, Y«Ã[˝”b...
[2]
<` =Y◊XbV Y…SÔ„^ÁG-Tˆ√º¯ C Y…SÔ %ÁW˝ÓÁ±¡◊a◊à˘-Y◊Ã[˝ªJÙÁÃÊı, %„î„Tˆ [˝ß

a]aÓÁ a]ÁW˝ÁXEıÁÃ[˝›, %◊Tˆ ]c˜d %Tˆ_ G\ˆ›Ã[˝ %„UÔ Y◊Ã[˝Y…SÔ `“”◊Tˆ* %ÁPˆÁÃ[˝
Ê`¿Á„Eı a]Áä Eı„ÃÊıªRÙO› l«˘V–ÁEıÁÃ[˝ ]„‹óˆ LG„TˆÃ[˝ Tˆ„TˆÁ◊W˝Eı ]«FÓ aTˆÓ [˝ÓÁFÓÁTˆ*
AcÕÃ[˝÷Y l«˘V– Y◊Ã[˝a„Ã[˝ %X‹ôˆ %]…_Ó a+◊w¯ ---- infinite riches in a little
room --- `“”◊Tˆ„TˆcÕ YÁCÃ^Á ^ÁÃ^*
a]XüÃ^-p˚ÁX a]XüÃ^-W˝∂ˆÇÔ, ◊[˝YÃ[˝›„TˆÃ[˝ ◊]_X C AEı›EıÃ[˝S AcÕ =Y◊Xb„VÃ[˝
Y“ÁS* YÁ∏JÙÁTˆÓ V`Ô„X AEıªRÙO› ◊XÃ^] %Á‰ªK˜ ^Ác˜Á„Eı Law of contradiction
[˝„_, ◊[˝YÃ[˝›„TˆÃ[˝ YÃ[˝&Ã[˝ [˝◊c˜õıÃ[˝S [˝_Á ^ÁÃ^* V«cÕªRÙO› ◊[˝YÃ[˝›Tˆ ◊aà˘Á‹ôˆ AEıa„Ü
◊ªRÙO◊Eı„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ XÁ, ◊]◊_Tˆ c˜cÕ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ XÁ, V«cÕªRÙO› ◊[˝YÃ[˝›Tˆ mS AEı a]„Ã^ AEı
<` =Y◊XbV 339
ÿöˆÁ„X AEı %ÁW˝Á„Ã[˝ AEı [˝ÿô«ˆÃ[˝ a∂ëˆ„µ˘ ^«GYd aTˆÓ c˜cÕ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ XÁ* AcÕ ◊XÃ^]
%X«aÁ„Ã[˝ ◊[˝YÃ[˝›„TˆÃ[˝ ◊]_X C AEı›EıÃ[˝S c˜cÕ„TˆcÕ YÁ„Ã[˝ XÁ* \ˆG[˝ÁX ^◊V AEı
c˜X, ◊Tˆ◊X c˜ÁLÁÃ[˝ a[[˝Ô`◊N˛]ÁX c˜=X [˝ß c˜cÕ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝X XÁ* %X‹ôˆ EıFX aÁ‹ôˆ
c˜Ã^ XÁ* %Ã[˝÷„YÃ[˝ Ã[˝÷Y c˜CÃ^Á %aÁW˝Ó, Â^ aÃ[˝÷Y c˜cÕ_ TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ %Ã[˝÷Y±ºˆ ◊[˝XrÙ
c˜Ã^* [˝–°˘ Â^ AEı a]„Ã^cÕ ◊XmÔS C amS, =Y◊XbV Â^]X \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ a∂ëˆ„µ˘
[˝„_ Â^ ◊Tˆ◊X ""◊XmÔ„SÁ mS›'', AcÕ ◊aà˘Á‹ôˆ„EıC AcÕ ^«◊N˛ =QÕˆÁcÕÃ^Á ÂVÃ^*
[˝–„°˘Ã[˝ ◊XmÔS±ºˆ, %Ã[˝÷Y±ºˆ, AEı±ºˆ, %X‹ôˆ±ºˆ ^◊V aTˆÓ c˜Ã^, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ amS±ºˆ, aÃ[˝÷Y±ºˆ,
[˝ß±ºˆ, aÁ‹ôˆTˆÁˆ ◊]UÓÁ, ""[˝–°˘ aTˆÓe LG◊XΩUÓÁ'' ]ÁÃ^Á[˝ÁV›Ã[˝ AcÕ a[[˝ÔW[˝ea› ◊aà˘Á‹ôˆ
AcÕ VÁ`Ô◊XEı ◊XÃ^„]Ã[˝ ªJÙÃ[˝] Y◊Ã[˝S◊Tˆ* <` =Y◊Xb„VÃ[˝ V–rÙÁ @◊b Y“◊TˆY„V AcÕ
◊XÃ^]„Eı V_X Eı◊[Ã ˝^Ã Á Y“◊Tˆ Ê`¿Á„Eı TˆÁc˜Á[Ã ˝ Â^X %aÁÃ[˝±ˆº ÂHÁbSÁ Eı◊[Ã ˝^Ã Á È[˝Y[Ã ˝›„TˆÓ[Ã ˝
]„W˝Ó ◊[˝YÃ[˝›Tˆ Tˆ„√º¯Ã[˝ mä c˜÷V„Ã^ ◊]_X C AEı›EıÃ[˝„SÃ[˝ ÿöˆÁX [˝Á◊c˜Ã[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á
ªJÙ◊_„Tˆ‰ªK˜X* G◊Tˆ`›_ LGd C ÿöˆÁS« Y«Ã[˝”„bÃ[˝ AEı±ºˆ, Y…SÔ TˆÓÁ„G Y…SÔ Â\ˆÁG, Y…SÔ
Eı„∂ˆÇÔ aXÁTˆX ]«◊N˛, [˝–„°˘Ã[˝ G◊TˆÃ[˝ ]„W˝ÓcÕ ◊ªJÙÃ[˝ÿöˆÁS«±ºˆ, ◊ªJÙÃ[˝‹ôˆX ÿöˆÁS«„±ºˆ %[˝ÁW˝
%◊ªJÙ‹ˆô Ó G◊Tˆ, %l˘[Ã ˝ [˝°– ˘ C l˘[Ã ˝ LG„Tˆ[Ã ˝ AEı±ºˆ, ◊XmÔS [˝°– ˘ C amS ◊[˝`Yü [Ã« ˝”„bÃ[˝
AEı±ºˆ, Â^]X %◊[˝VÓÁÃ^ ÂTˆ]X ◊[˝VÓÁÃ^ YÃ[˝] %]Ã[˝±ºˆ _Á„\ˆÃ[˝ %\ˆÁ[˝, ^«GYd ◊[˝VÓÁ
%◊[˝VÓÁ Âa[˝„X %]Ã[˝±ºˆ, LXΩªJÙy‘H«Ã[˝„SC XÃ^, LXΩ◊[˝XÁ„`C XÃ^, ^«GYd aê…ˆ◊Tˆ
C %aê…ˆ◊Tˆ[Ã ˝ ◊a◊à˘„Tˆ YÃ[˝] ]«◊N˛ C YÃ[˝] ◊a◊à˘, Ac˜mO ◊_cÕ =Y◊Xb„VÃ[˝ =¨JÙEı„¢ˆ
Y“ªJÙÁ◊Ã[˝Tˆ ]c˜ÁTÛÓ*
V«\ˆÁ¤ GÓ[˝`Tˆf =Y◊Xb„VÃ[˝ %UÔ _c˜^ÃO Á %XUÔEı ÂGÁ_ EıÃ[˝Á c˜c˜^ÃO Á‰ªK˜* `·¯[Ã ˝ÁJª ÙÁ^ÔÓ
=Y◊Xb„VÃ[˝ Y“W˝ÁX Y“ÁÃ^cÕ a[[˝ÔLXÿëˆ›E ıTˆ ªRÙO›EıÁEıÁÃ[˝, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ AcÕ aEı_ ◊aà˘Á‹ôˆ ^◊V
G c˜›Tˆ c˜Ã^, `·¯„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ]ÁÃ^Á[˝ÁV %Tˆ_ L„_ Q«ˆ◊[˝Ã^Á ^ÁÃ^* ]ÁÃ^Á[˝Á„VÃ[˝ Y“◊TˆúˆÁTˆÁ
VÁ`Ô◊XEı„VÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó %T«ˆ_Ó %Y◊Ã[˝„]Ã^ `◊N˛`Á_›* ^]«XÁXV› ÿëˆYUTˆÓÁ„G %◊X¨K«˜Eı
c˜CÃ^ÁÃ^ T ˆ◊bTˆ [˝_Ã[˝Á] Â^]X _ÁÜ_ÁEıbÔ„S TˆÁc˜Á„Eı ªRÙOÁ◊XÃ^Á Ÿc˜ªJÙQÕˆÁcÕÃ^Á ªJÙÃ[˝SY“Á„‹ôˆ
c˜Á◊LÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ◊V„_X, `·¯Ã[˝C G‹ôˆ[˝Óÿöˆ„_Ã[˝ Y„U AcÕ ]ÁÃ^Á[˝ÁVXÁ`› =Y◊XbV„Eı
YÁcÕÃ^Á TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ %UÔ ªRÙOÁ◊XÃ^Á Ÿc˜ªJÙQÕˆÁcÕÃ^Á ÿëˆ]„TˆÃ[˝ a◊c˜Tˆ ◊]_ÁcÕÃ^Á ªK˜Á◊QÕˆÃ^Á ◊VÃ^Á‰ªK˜X*
TˆÁc˜Á„Tˆ =Y◊Xb„VÃ[˝ ◊Eı V«Å¤`Á c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜, V«„ÃÊıªRÙO› V rÙÁ„‹ôˆ Â[˝ÁMıÁ ^ÁÃ^* =Y◊Xb„V
[˝_Á %Á‰ªK˜ ^Ác˜ÁÃ[˝Á AEı]Áy %◊[˝VÓÁ„Eı =YÁaXÁ Eı„Ã[˝, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á ÂHÁÃ[˝ %µ˘EıÁ„Ã[˝
Y◊TˆTˆ c˜Ã^, %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ ^Ác˜ÁÃ[˝Á AEı]Áy ◊[˝VÓÁ„Eı =YÁaXÁ Eı„Ã[˝, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á Â^X %ÁÃ[˝C
GÁªRÕÙ %µ˘EıÁ„Ã[˝ Y“„[˝` Eı„Ã[˝* `·¯Ã[˝ [˝„_X, ◊[˝VÓÁ C %◊[˝VÓÁ AcÕ ÿöˆ„_ aÁW˝ÁÃ[˝S
%„UÔ %Á◊] [˝«◊Mı[˝ XÁ, ◊[˝VÓÁÃ[˝ %UÔ AFÁ„X ÂV[˝◊[˝VÓÁ* =Y◊Xb„V [˝_Á %Á‰ªK˜,
""◊[˝XÁ„`X ] T«ˆÓe Tˆ›±ºÔˆÁ aê…ˆTˆÓÁı˜] Tˆ]`¬«„Tˆ'', %aê…ˆ◊Tˆ •ÁÃ[˝Á ] T«ˆÓ„Eı LÃ^ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á

aê…ˆ◊Tˆ •ÁÃ[˝Á %]Ã[˝±ºˆ Â\ˆÁG Eı◊Ã[˝[˝* `·¯Ã[˝ [˝„_X, Y◊QÕˆ„Tˆ c˜Ã^ ""%aê…ˆTˆÓÁı˜] Tê'',
◊[˝XÁ„`Ã[˝ %UÔ AFÁ„X LXΩ* È•Tˆ[˝ÁV› AEıLX Rª Ù›O EıÁEıÁÃ[˝ ◊PÊı Ac˜\O ˆÁ„[˝ ""Tˆ√¯º ]◊a''
EıUÁ YÁcÕÃ^Á [˝„_X, ""%Tˆd ±ºˆ]◊a'' Y◊QÕˆ„Tˆ c˜cÕ„[˝* `·¯„Ã[˝Ã[˝ YÃ[˝[˝w¯fi AEıLX
Y“W˝ÁX ]ÁÃ^Á[˝ÁV› %ÁªJÙÁ^ÔÓ %XÓ =YÁÃ^ %[˝_∂ëˆX Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X, <` =Y◊XbV„Eı ]«FÓ
Y“]ÁSÿëˆÃ[˝÷Y =Y◊Xb„VÃ[˝ TˆÁ◊_EıÁ c˜cÕ„Tˆ [˝◊c˜õ ıTˆ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á X ◊aec˜TˆÁYX›Ã^„Eı TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝
ÿöˆ„_ "Y“„]ÁªRÙO' Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ªJÙ◊Ã[˝TˆÁUÔ c˜cÕ„_X* [˝Áÿôˆ◊[˝Eı AcÕÃ[˝÷Y GÁ„Ã^Ã[˝ ÂLÁ„Ã[˝ ÿëˆ]Tˆ
ÿöˆÁY„XÃ[˝ Y“„Ã^ÁLX XÁcÕ* =Y◊XbV %X‹ôˆ [˝–„°˘Ã[˝ %X‹ôˆ ◊VEı, ÂEıÁX AEı]Áy
VÁ`Ô◊XEı ]„TˆÃ[˝ Y◊Ã[˝„YÁbEı XÃ^ ÂVFÁÃ^ [˝◊_Ã^Á ac˜ÿÉˆ VÁ`Ô◊XEı ]Tˆ AcÕ AEı [˝›L
c˜cÕ„Tˆ %·«¯◊Ã[˝Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜* Y“„TˆÓEı V`ÔX %X‹ôˆ a„TˆÓÃ[˝ AEı AEıªRÙO› ◊VEı [˝«◊à˘Ã[˝
a∂ˆÇ«„F ` Ö◊_Tˆ\ˆÁ„[˝ =Y◊ÿöˆTˆ Eı„Ã[˝* %X‹ôˆ [˝–„°˘Ã[˝ %X‹ôˆ ◊[˝EıÁ`, %X‹ôˆ [˝–„°˘
ÂYgÏ◊ªK˜[˝ÁÃ[˝ YUC %GSÓ*
[3]
Y“ÁªJÙ›X Ê`“ÏTˆG–„‹öˆÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó %„î„Tˆ [˝ß ]«FÓTˆ√º¯Y◊Ã[˝ªJÙÁÃÊı `“”◊Tˆ Y…SÔ„^Á„GÃ[˝

Tˆ√º¯ a]UÔEı YÁcÕ AcÕ <` =Y◊Xb„V* <` =Y◊Xb„V _l˘Ó C YU a]XüÃ^◊a◊à˘
C a]XüÃ^W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ Y“◊Tˆ◊úˆTˆ* @◊bV ◊rÙ AFÁ„X LG„TˆÃ[˝ Y“W˝ÁX Y“W˝ÁX ^Tˆ
È[˝YÃ[˝›TˆÓ _cÕÃ^Á Y“„TˆÓEı ◊[˝„Ã[˝Á„W˝Ã[˝ %Tˆ„_ Tˆ_ÁcÕÃ^Á ÂacÕ ◊[˝„Ã[˝Á„W˝Ã[˝ ]„W˝Ó ◊]_X
C AEı›EıÃ[˝„SÃ[˝ G\ˆ›Ã[˝ Tˆ√º¯ÿöˆ„_ ÂYgÏ◊ªK˜Ã^Á‰ªK˜* %ÁÃ[˝ %ÁÃ[˝ =Y◊Xb„V %X‹ôˆp˚Á„XÃ[˝
AEı◊VEı W˝◊Ã[˝Ã^Á [˝–„°˘Ã[˝ [˝ÓÁFÓÁ YÁcÕ, AcÕªRÙO›cÕ a[˝ ◊VEı ÂV◊FÃ^Á %ÁPˆÁÃ[˝ Ê`¿Á„EıÃ[˝
%î Y◊Ã[˝a„Ã[˝ [˝–„°˘Ã[˝ Y…SÔ ÿëˆÃ[˝÷„YÃ[˝ Y…SÔ [˝–°˘Y“Á◊äÃ[˝ Y„UÃ[˝ Y…SÔ [˝ÓÁFÓÁ Eı„ÃÊıªRÙO›
]Áy G\ˆ›Ã[˝ =VÁÃ[˝ ]„‹óˆ Â`b Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜* %[˝`ÓcÕ ae„l˘„Y* %X„‹ôˆÃ[˝ ◊VEı Fg«◊ªRÙOXÁ◊ªRÙO
a„TˆÓÃ[˝ a…„^ÔÓÃ[˝ ac˜ÿÉˆ◊EıÃ[˝S]Ã^ %„`b Y◊Ã[˝ÿˆè«ıÃ[˝S AFÁ„X YÁCÃ^Á ^ÁÃ^ XÁ* ◊XTˆÁ‹ôˆcÕ
^Ác˜Á %Áa_ Y“„Ã^ÁLX›Ã^ %Y◊Ã[˝[˝#¤X›Ã^*
Â[˝VÃ[˝cãÓ
Â[˝Vae◊c˜TˆÁ \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ[˝„bÔÃ[˝ W˝∂ˆÇÔ a\ˆÓTˆÁ C %W˝ÓÁ±¡p˚Á„XÃ[˝ aXÁTˆX =da* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ
AcÕ =d„aÃ[˝ ]…_ %G]Ó Y[[˝Ô„TˆÃ[˝ mc˜ÁÃ^ ◊X_›X, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Y“U] ÊÿÉˆÁTˆC %◊Tˆ
Y“ÁJª Ù›X HX Eı∞Rª ÙEO ıEı]^Ã %Ã[˝„SÓ Y«◊πYTˆ [˝l ˘_TˆÁm„_ΩÃ[˝ ◊[˝◊Jª Ùy [%Á[˝[Ã ˝„S]* %Á[˝T ˆ*
Â[˝V Ã[˝cãÓ]Ã^* \ˆÁbÁ, EıUÁÃ[˝ \ˆÜ›, ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁÃ[˝ G◊Tˆ %XÓ ^«„GÃ[˝ a ◊rÙ, %XÓ W˝Ã[˝„XÃ[˝
]X«bÓ[˝«◊à˘aê…ˆTˆ* AEı Y„l˘ %◊Tˆ aÃ[˝_, Â^X ◊X∂ˆÇÔ_ a„[˝G Y[[˝ÔTˆXV›Ã[˝ Y“[˝Ác˜,
%UªJÙ AcÕ ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁY“SÁ_› %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ A]XcÕ L◊ªRÙO_ Â[˝ÁW˝ c˜Ã^, AcÕ \ˆÁbÁÃ[˝ %UÔ
A]XcÕ a◊≥VÑ˘ Â^ ]…_ ◊ªJÙ‹ˆô Á C Kª ˜‰y Kª ˜‰y [˝Ó[˝c˜÷Tˆ aÁ]ÁXÓ EıUÁC _c˜^ÃO Á Y“ÁJª Ù›XEıÁ_
c˜cÕ„Tˆ TÊÔı C ]Tˆ„\ˆV ªJÙ◊_Ã^Á %Á◊a„Tˆ‰ªK˜* YÃ[˝] Y◊â¯Tˆ aÁÃ^SÁªJÙÁ„^ÔÓÃ[˝ ªRÙO›EıÁ
Y◊QÕˆÃ^Á ]„X AcÕ W˝ÁÃ[˝SÁ =dY~ c˜Ã^ Â^, c˜Ã^ Â[˝„VÃ[˝ EıFXcÕ ÂEıÁXC ae_G¬ %UÔ
◊ªK˜_ XÁ, XÃ^ ^Ác˜Á ◊ªK˜_ TˆÁc˜Á Â[˝„VÃ[˝ YÃ[˝[˝w¯fi [˝–Á°˘SÃ[˝ªJÙXÁÃ[˝ %„XEı %Á„G a[[˝ÔG–Áa›
EıÁ„_Ã[˝ %Tˆ_ ◊[˝ÿˆÇ ◊TâÁG„Ã[˝ ◊X]G¬ c˜cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜_*
aÁÃ^S Â[˝„VÃ[˝ %UÔ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ ◊GÃ^Á ]c˜Á ◊[˝}Á‰ªRÙO Y◊QÕˆÃ^Á‰ªK˜X* Â^X AcÕ ÂHÁÃ[˝
%µ˘EıÁ„Ã[˝ ◊]UÓÁ %Á„_Á„EıÃ[˝ ◊YªK˜„X ÂVÏQÕˆÁcÕÃ^Á [˝ÁÃ[˝ [˝ÁÃ[˝ %ÁªK˜ÁQÕˆ FÁÃ^, G„wÔ¯ Y„·¯
]Ã^_Á L„_ Y‰QÕˆ, c˜Ã^Ã[˝ÁS c˜cÕÃ^Á ^ÁÃ^, %UªJÙ ªK˜Á◊QÕˆ„TˆC YÁ„Ã[˝ XÁ* %Á^ÔÓW˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝
%Áa_ Y«ÿôÊı, %UÔ Eı◊Ã[˝„TˆcÕ c˜Ã^, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ A]X Âcg˜Ã^Á◊_Ã[˝ EıUÁ, A]X Ã[˝cãÓ]Ã^
XÁXÁ ◊XG…ªRÕÙ ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁÃ^ L◊QÕˆTˆ ae‰`¿bS Â^ ac˜ÿÉˆ ÿöˆ„_ %UÔcÕ EıÃ[˝Á c˜Ã^ XÁ, Â^FÁ„X
ÂEıÁXC Ã[˝Eı„]cÕ %UÔ c˜Ã^, ÂaFÁ„XC Y“ÁÃ^cÕ a„≥V„c˜Ã[˝ ªK˜ÁÃ^Á %Á◊aÃ^Á Y‰QÕˆ* AcÕ
a·¯‰ªRÙO %„XEı[˝ÁÃ[˝ aÁÃ^S ◊XÃ[˝Á` c˜cÕÃ^Á @◊b„VÃ[˝ ]«„F A]X [˝ÓÁEıÃ[˝„SÃ[˝ ◊[˝„Ã[˝ÁW˝›
\ˆÁbÁ, A]X E«ı◊ªRÙO_ L◊QÕˆTˆ \ˆG¬ [˝ÁEıÓÃ[˝ªJÙXÁ, A]X ◊[˝◊l˘ä %ae_G¬ ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ %Á„Ã[˝ÁY
Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X Â^ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ªRÙO›EıÁ Y◊QÕˆÃ^Á AcÕ \ˆÁbÁ C ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ„Eı %Á^ÔÓ XÁ [˝◊_Ã^Á
[˝[[˝Ô„Ã[˝Ã[˝ [˝Á =XΩ„w¯Ã[˝ Y“_ÁY [˝◊_„Tˆ Y“[˝ ◊w¯ c˜Ã^* aÁÃ^„SÃ[˝ ÂVÁb XÁcÕ* Y“ÁªJÙ›X
◊XÃ[˝”N˛EıÁÃ[˝ ^ÁïıC TˆV–÷Y ◊[˝}Á‰ªRÙO ◊[˝}ÁªRÙO Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X %ÁÃ[˝ ^Á„ïıÃ[˝ %„XEı Y…[[˝Ô[˝w¯fi
[˝Á– °˘SEıÁ[Ã ˝C Â[˝„VÃ[˝ aÃ[˝_ %UÔ XÁ YÁc˜^ÃO Á EıîXÁÃ[˝ aÁc˜Á„^Ó mythopoeic faculty[Ã ˝
%Á`“„Ã^ V«Ã[˝÷c˜ @Eım◊_Ã[˝ [˝ÓÁFÓÁ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ ◊[˝Zı_ ÊªJÙrÙÁ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X*
B◊Tˆc˜Á◊a„Eı[Ã ˝Á AcÕ Y“SÁ_› %X«a[Ã ˝S Eı◊[Ã ˝^Ã Á XÁXÁX Eı◊îTˆ c˜◊O Tˆc˜Á„aÃ[˝ %ÁQÕˆ∂ˆë „[Ã ˝
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mc˜ÁÃ^ %UÔÁd mä ÿöˆÁ„X ◊XL LPˆ„Ã[˝ [˝c˜X Eı„Ã[˝X, ◊YTˆÁ„Eı ◊V„Tˆ ªJÙÁX XÁ* Âc˜
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cÕc˜ÁcÕ [˝«◊Mı„_X* AcÕ %„UÔ Â[˝` AEıªªRÙOÁ _∂ëˆÁ %ÁFÓÁ◊ÃÊıÁC a ◊rÙ c˜cÕ_* Zı„_
ÂaÁLÁ @„EıÃ[˝ %UÔ V«Ã[˝÷c˜ c˜cÕÃ^Á ÂG_, E«ı]ÁÃ[˝ ÂEı, LXX› ÂEı, ◊Y`ÁªJÙ› ÂEı, %◊G¬Ã[˝
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Gâ¯„GÁ_* a[[˝ÔycÕ AcÕÃ[˝÷Y %TˆÓÁªJÙÁÃ[˝, %ÛÁ EıîXÁÃ[˝ ÂVÏÃ[˝Á„±¡Ó Â[˝„VÃ[˝ Y“Át_
%UªJÙ G\ˆ›Ã[˝ %UÔ ◊[˝E ıTˆ ◊[˝Eı_ÁÜ c˜cÕÃ^Á Y◊QÕˆÃ^Á‰ªK˜, %XÓy Â^FÁ„X \ˆÁbÁ C ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ
AEıªªR«ÙO L◊ªRÙO_, ªRÙO›EıÁEıÁ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ E ıYÁÃ^ V«„[[˝ÔÁ„W˝ÓÃ[˝ V«„[[˝ÔÁW˝ÓTˆÁ \ˆ›bS %& `Ó ]…◊wÔ¯
W˝ÁÃ[˝S Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜*
ÿëˆTˆ‹ˆó ÿëˆTˆ‹ˆó @Eı [˝Á =Y]Á ÂEıX, Â[˝„VÃ[˝ %Áa_ ]∂ˆÇÔ _c˜^ÃO Á %◊Tˆ Y“ÁJª Ù›XEıÁ„_C
◊[˝ÿˆô [Ã ˝ ]Tˆ„\ˆV ◊ªK˜_* G–›a„V`›Ã^ ^Ã „« c˜„]„Ã[˝[Ã ˝ ]„Tˆ G–›EıLÁ◊Tˆ[Ã ˝ ÂV[˝TˆÁ[Ã ˝Á ◊ªJÙ[Ã ˝ÿˆÇ[Ã ˝S›Ã^
[˝›Ã[˝ C Ã[˝ÁLÁ ◊ªK˜_, EıÁ„_ %XÓY“EıÁÃ[˝ E«ıaeïıÁ„Ã[˝ C Eı◊[˝Ã[˝ =ÅÁ] EıîXÁÃ^ ÂV[˝TˆÁ
[˝ÁXÁc˜^ÃO Á ÿëˆ„GÔ ◊aec˜ÁaXÁÃ[˝÷Rª ÙÕ EıÃ[˝Á c˜c˜^ÃO Á‰ªK˜* Y“ÁJª Ù›X \ˆÁ[Ã ˝„TˆC ^Ã „« c˜„]Ã[˝Y‹öˆ›[Ã ˝ %\ˆÁ[˝
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Â[˝VÃ[˝cãÓ 343
◊[˝FÓÁTˆ V«cÕLX Ã[˝ÁLÁ ◊ªK˜„_X, %Á]Á„VÃ[˝cÕ ]Tˆ Ã[˝N˛]Áe„aÃ[˝ ]ÁX«b, Tˆ„[˝ ^◊V
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aÁLÁcÕÃ^Á ]X«bÓÁE ı◊Tˆ ÂV[˝TˆÁ EıÃ[˝Á c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜ A[˝e AcÕ ]Tˆ %ÁLEıÁ_„EıÃ[˝ Ã^«„Ã[˝ÁY›Ã^
Y◊â¯„TˆÃ[˝ ]„XÁX›Tˆ YU Y◊Ã[˝õıÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á T«ˆ◊_Ã^Á‰ªK˜* [˝ y Â]H, [˝_C Â]H, %ÁÃ[˝
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""Tˆd a◊[˝T«ˆ[˝Ô„Ã[˝SÓe ÂV[˝aÓ \ˆGÔf'', AcÕ ÂV[˝TˆÁ cÕ◊X, ""Â^Á ÂXÁ ◊W˝Ã^f Y“‰ªJÙÁVÃ^Ád,''
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Y“ÁS; [˝ y Â]HC XÃ^, Eı◊[˝Eı◊îTˆ %a«Ã[˝C XÃ^ ---- ^Ác˜Á %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ Y«Ã[˝”bÁUÔ„Eı
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TˆÁc˜ÁcÕ [˝ y* aÁÃ^SÁªJÙÁ^ÔÓ cÕc˜Á„VÃ[˝ ""%Á±¡◊[˝V'' XÁ„] %◊\ˆ◊c˜Tˆ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ]Á„Mı ]Á„Mı
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◊XEıªRÙO ""ÂLÓÁ◊Tˆ'' ◊\ˆl˘Á Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X ---
^…Ãê Tˆd aTˆÓ`[˝a %Á◊[˝õıwÔ¯ ]◊c˜±ºˆXÁ*
◊[˝W˝ÓTˆÁ ◊[˝V«ÓTˆÁ Ã[˝l˘f**
G…c˜TˆÁ mc˜Óe Tˆ]f ◊[˝^ÁTˆ ◊[˝`ü]◊≈yS]À*
ÂLÓÁ◊TˆõıwÔ¯Á ^V«`Ω◊a**
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Â^X a„TˆÓ[Ã ˝ %Á„_ÁEı[˝XÓÁÃ^ ◊X]G¬, %V `Ó c˜c˜^ÃO Á ^ÁEı* Y«[Ã ˝”bÁ„UÔ[Ã ˝ aEı_ \ˆl˘Eı„Eı
%YaÁ◊Ã[˝Tˆ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á %Á]Ã[˝Á Â^ ÂLÓÁ◊Tˆ ªJÙÁcÕ, TˆÁc˜Á Y“Eı◊ªRÙOTˆ EıÃ[˝*'' AFÁ„X ]Ã[˝”VÀGS
Â]Hc˜‹ôˆÁ [˝Á [˝ÁÃ^« X„c˜X, Yá˚Y“ÁS* Tˆ]f c˜÷VÃ^GTˆ \ˆÁ[˝Ã[˝÷Y %µ˘EıÁÃ[˝, Y«Ã[˝”bÁ„UÔÃ[˝
\ˆl˘Eı bQÕˆ◊Ã[˝Y«, ÂLÓÁ◊Tˆf YÃ[˝]Tˆ√º¯ aÁl˘ÁdÃ[˝÷Y p˚Á„XÃ[˝ %Á„_ÁEı* AcÕ [˝ÓÁFÓÁÃ^
%W˝ÓÁ±¡Tˆ√º¯, Â[˝VÁ„‹ôˆÃ[˝ ]…_EıUÁ, Ã[˝ÁL„^Á„GÃ[˝ Y“ÁSÁÃ^Á]Y“SÁ_› AEı„^Á„G Â[˝„V
YÁCÃ^Á ÂG_*
AcÕ ÂG_ Â[˝„V ÿëˆ„V`› ◊[˝}ÁªRÙO* >X◊[˝e` `TˆÁå›„Tˆ YÁ∏JÙÁTˆÓ Y◊â¯„TˆÃ[˝Á
ÂEıÁ]Ã[˝ [˝gÁ≈◊W˝Ã^Á %Áa„Ã[˝ XÁ]ÁÃ^ AcÕ Âl˘‰y ÂHÁÃ[˝TˆÃ[˝ ◊[˝„V`› ◊[˝}ÁªRÙOC H◊ªRÙOÃ^Á‰ªK˜*
ÂacÕ [˝XÓÁÃ[˝ ◊[˝Y_« Tˆ[Ã ˝„Ü %Á]Ã[˝Á %ÁL Y^ÔÓ‹ôˆ c˜Á[˝Q« ˆ« [˝« FÁc˜^ÃO Á \ˆÁ◊a„Tˆ◊Kª ˜* YÁ∏JÙÁTˆÓ
Y◊â¯„TˆÃ[˝Á Y“ÁªJÙ›X ◊XÃ[˝”N˛EıÁÃ[˝ C B◊Tˆc˜Á◊aEı„VÃ[˝ Y«„Ã[˝ÁX ◊\ˆ◊w¯Ã[˝ =Y„Ã[˝cÕ ◊XL
ªJÙEıªJÙ„Eı X[˝ EıîXÁ]◊≥VÃ[˝ ◊X∂ˆÇÔÁS Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X* TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á ^Á„ïıÃ[˝ ◊XÃ[˝”N˛ TˆTˆ ]Á„XX
XÁ, [˝◊_ÔX C ÂYyG–Á„V X[˝›X ]„XÁX›Tˆ ◊XÃ[˝”N˛ ÈTˆÃ^Á◊Ã[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝cÕ aÁc˜Á„^Ó
* YÁâ«¯◊_◊Y„Tˆ ◊EıªK«˜ªRÙOÁ LÁÃ^GÁ ªK˜ÁQÕˆÁ %Á‰ªK˜*---a
Â[˝VÃ[˝cãÓ 345
Â[˝„VÃ[˝ [˝ÓÁFÓÁ Eı„Ã[˝X* ÂacÕ Y“ÁªJÙ›X \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ[˝bfiÃ^ ªRÙO›EıÁEıÁÃ[˝„VÃ[˝ Solar mythAÃ[˝

◊[˝◊ªJÙy X[˝]…◊wÔ¯ [˝ÁXÁcÕÃ^Á, Y“ÁªJÙ›X Ã[˝„I¯Ã[˝ =YÃ[˝ X…TˆX Ã[˝e Zı_ÁcÕÃ^Á AcÕ ÂV„`Ã[˝
◊`◊l˘Tˆ a+“VÁ„Ã^Ã[˝ ªJÙ„l˘ W˝gÁW˝Á _ÁGÁcÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜X* AcÕ Ã^«„Ã[˝ÁY›Ã^ ]„TˆC Â[˝„VÁN˛
ÂV[˝TˆÁ [˝Ác˜Ó Y“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝ XÁXÁ y‘›QÕˆÁÃ[˝ Ã[˝÷YEı ]Áy* %Á„^ÔÓÃ[˝Á a…^ÔÓ ªJÙ≥V– TˆÁÃ[˝Á Xl˘y
=bÁ Ã[˝Á◊≈y [˝ÁÃ^« Mı◊ªRÙOEıÁ FÁ_ XV› a]«V– Y[[˝ÔTˆ [˝ l˘ cÕTˆÓÁ◊V V `Ó[˝ÿô«ˆÃ[˝ Y…LÁ
Eı◊Ã[˝„TˆX* AcÕ aEı_„Eı ÂV◊FÃ^Á ◊[˝ÿˆÇ„Ã^ %◊\ˆ\…ˆTˆ [˝[[˝ÔÃ[˝ LÁ◊Tˆ AcÕm◊_Ã[˝ ◊[˝◊ªJÙy
G◊Tˆ„Eı Eı◊[˝Ã[˝ Ã[˝÷YEı¨K˜„_ ÿôˆ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝Tˆ* %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝cÕ ]„W˝Ó XÁXÁX ÂV[˝TˆÁÃ[˝
ËªJÙTˆXÓ]Ã^ ◊y‘Ã^Á [˝«◊MıÃ^Á ÂacÕ `◊N˛W˝„Ã[˝Ã[˝ a„Ü aFÓ ÿöˆÁYX C TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ ◊XEıªRÙO
^«„à˘ ◊[˝LÃ^_Á\ˆ W˝X„VÏ_Tˆ V›HÔL›[˝X %Á„Ã[˝ÁGÓ C a‹ôˆ ◊Tˆ EıÁ]XÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„TˆX, Ã[˝Á◊≈yÃ[˝
%µ˘EıÁ„Ã[˝ [˝QÕˆ \ˆ›Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á ^ÁG^„p˚ a…„^ÔÓÃ[˝ Y«XÃ[˝”à˘ÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„TˆX* \…ˆ„TˆÃ[˝C %ÁTˆ·¯
◊ªK˜_, \…ˆTˆ TˆÁQÕˆÁc˜[O ˝Á[Ã ˝ L„XÓ ÂV[˝TˆÁ[Ã ˝ ◊XEı‰Rª ÙO EıÁTˆ„[Ã ˝Á◊N˛ Eı◊[Ã ˝„TˆX* ^„p˚ ÿëˆG_Ô Á„\ˆ[Ã ˝
%Á`Á C Y“[˝_ [cÕ¨K˜Á]* cÕTˆÓÁ◊V cÕTˆÓÁ◊V Y“ÁÍG◊Tˆc˜Á◊aEı [˝[[˝Ô„Ã[˝Ã[˝ =◊ªJÙTˆ W˝ÁÃ[˝SÁ
C E«ıaeïıÁÃ[˝*
^«„à˘ ◊[˝L^Ã _Á\ˆ, ^«à˘ EıÁc˜Á[Ã ˝ a„Ü? c˜cO ˜Á[Ã ˝Á [˝„_X, Yá˚XV◊X[˝Áa› %Á^ÔÓLÁ◊Tˆ[Ã ˝
a]Ã[˝ %Áa_ \ˆÁ[Ã ˝Tˆ[˝Áa› V–Á◊[˝QˆÕ LÁ◊Tˆ[Ã ˝ a„Ü, %ÁÃ[˝ Y“◊Tˆ„[˝`›„VÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó Â^ ^«à˘◊[˝Gc– ˜
aTˆTˆ H◊ªRÙ^ÃO Á %Á„a, ÂacÕ %Á^ÔÓ„Tˆ %Á^ÔÓ„Tˆ ◊\ˆTˆ„[Ã ˝[Ã ˝ Eı_c˜* Â^]X Y“ÁJª Ù›X B◊Tˆc˜Á◊aEı
Â[˝„VÃ[˝ ÿëˆTˆ‹óˆ ÿëˆTˆ‹óˆ @Eı [˝Á a…N˛„Eı %ÁW˝ÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á XÁXÁX cÕ◊Tˆc˜Áa GPˆX Eı◊Ã[˝„TˆX,
cÕc˜Á„VÃ[˝C ◊PÊı ÂacÕ Y“SÁ_›* Tˆ„[˝ ÂacÕÃ[˝÷Y ◊[˝◊ªJÙy %◊TˆY“ÁE ıTˆHªRÙOXÁÃ^ \ˆÃ[˝Á ◊[˝◊ªJÙy
Gî XÁ [˝ÁXÁcÕÃ^Á LÁX [˝ ` @◊bÃ[˝ aÁÃ[˝„UÓ [˝–Á°˘SE«ı]Á„Ã[˝Ã[˝ Ã[˝UªJÙ„y‘ ◊X„πYbS,
]‹óˆY“„Ã^Á„G Y«XLfi[˝X VÁX, ◊Y`ÁªJÙ›E ıTˆ %◊G¬„Tˆ„LÃ[˝ c˜Ã[˝S cÕTˆÓÁ◊V cÕTˆÓÁ◊V %‡«ˆTˆ
EıîXÁ XÁ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á %Á^ÔÓ ◊≈yda«Ã[˝ÁL a«VÁ„aÃ[˝ a„Ü ◊]`“LÁTˆ›Ã^ V`LX Ã[˝ÁLÁÃ[˝
^«à˘, AEı◊V„Eı [˝◊`úˆ %YÃ[˝◊V„Eı ◊[˝`üÁ◊]‰yÃ[˝ ÂYÏ„Ã[˝Á◊c˜TˆÓ, Y[[˝ÔTˆmc˜Á◊X[˝Áa›
V–Á◊[˝QÕˆ LÁ◊Tˆ •ÁÃ[˝Á %Á^ÔÓ„VÃ[˝ GÁ\ˆ› c˜Ã[˝S C XV›Ã[˝ ÊÿÉˆÁTˆ [˝µ˘X, ÂV[˝£X› aÃ[˝]ÁÃ[˝
=Y]Á-ªK˜„_ V–Á◊[˝QÕˆ„VÃ[˝ ◊XEıªRÙO %Á^ÔÓ„VÏTˆÓ [˝Á Ã[˝ÁLV…Tˆ›‰Y“Ã[˝S, Y“\ ˆ◊Tˆ aTˆÓ [˝Á
◊]UÓÁ aêˆ[˝ HªRÙOXÁ _cÕÃ^Á Y“ÁªJÙ›X \ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝ cÕ◊Tˆc˜Áa ◊_◊F„Tˆ ÊªJÙrÙÁ Eı„Ã[˝X* AcÕ
Y“ÁE ı◊TÊı y‘›QÕˆÁÃ[˝ YÃ[˝&Ã[˝-◊[˝„Ã[˝ÁW˝› Ã[˝÷Y„EıÃ[˝ %ÁÃ[˝ TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ a„Ü AcÕ cÕ◊Tˆc˜Áaa∂ëˆµ˘›
Ã[˝÷Y„EıÃ[˝ ◊]_ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ ◊GÃ^Á YÁ∏JÙÁTˆÓ Y◊â¯Tˆ]â¯_› Â[˝„VÃ[˝ Â^ %Y…[[˝Ô˝ ÂGÁ_
Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ÂZı◊_Ã^Á‰ªK˜X, TˆÁc˜Á [˝SÔXÁTˆ›Tˆ* Tˆ„[˝ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á [˝„_X XÁ ◊Eı, %Á]Ã[˝Á ◊Eı
* YÁâ«¯◊_◊Y„Tˆ `å◊ªRÙO Â_FÁÃ[˝ YÃ[˝ ÂEı‰ªªRÙO ÂVCÃ^Á %Á‰ªK˜*----a
Eı◊[Ã ˝[˝, Y“ÁJª Ù›X [˝[[˝[ÃÔ ˝ Eı◊[˝„VÃ[˝ ]X ÂGÁ_„]„_ ◊ªK˜_, ÂacÕ LXÓcÕ Ac˜[ÃO ˝÷Y ÂGgÁLÁ◊]_
Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜, %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ [˝ÓÁFÓÁ ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ◊PÊı, FgÁ≈◊ªRÙO, ◊X\«ˆ¤_* Âa ^Ác˜ÁcÕ Âc˜ÏEı,
Zı„_ Y“ÁªJÙÓ Y◊â¯Tˆ„VÃ[˝ [˝ÓÁFÓÁÃ^ Â[˝„VÃ[˝ %UÔ Â^]X %ae_G¬ ÂGÁ_„]„_ V«Ã[˝÷c˜
C L◊ªRÙ_O c˜c˜^ÃO Á◊ªK˜_, YÁ∏JÙÁTˆÓ„VÃ[˝ [˝ÓÁFÓÁÃ^ Âac˜[ÃO ˝÷„YcÕ c˜c˜^ÃO Á‰ªK˜* a[˝cÕ [˝V_Ác˜^ÃO Á‰ªK˜,
%UªJÙ a[˝cÕ a]ÁX* ÊªRÙO]ÀaÀ, ÂaX C ÂX[˝Á XV›Ã[˝ `Tˆ `Tˆ [˝qW˝Ã[˝ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝
]ÿôˆ„EıÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ X[˝ YÁ◊â¯„TˆÓÃ[˝ ÿëˆGfiÃ^ aäXV› [˝bÔS Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X aTˆÓ, TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝
ÂEıc˜C [˝ yE ıTˆ %µ˘EıÁÃ[˝ aÃ[˝ÁcÕ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝X XÁcÕ* %Á]Ã[˝Á Â^cÕ ◊Tˆ◊]„Ã[˝, ÂacÕ
◊Tˆ◊]„Ã[˝*
@„GüV
\…ˆ◊]EıÁ
""%Á^ÔÓ'' Y◊≈yEıÁ^Ã ""Â[˝V[Ã ˝cãÓ''„Tˆ Â[˝V a∂ëˆ„µ˘ Â^ X…TˆX ]Tˆ Y“EıÁ◊`Tˆ c˜c˜„O Tˆ‰Kª ˜,
AcÕm◊_ ÂacÕ ]„TˆÃ[˝ %X«^ÁÃ^› %X«[˝ÁV* ÂacÕ ]„Tˆ, Â[˝„VÃ[˝ Y“E ıTˆ %UÔ %ÁW˝ÓÁ◊≈±¡Eı,
◊Eı‹ô«ˆ mc˜Ó C ÂGÁYX›Ã^ [˝◊_Ã^Á %„XEı =Y]Á, a„·¯Tˆ`å, [˝Á◊c˜ÓEı ^p˚-%X«úˆÁ„XÃ[˝
Â^ÁGÓ [˝ÁEıÓaEı_ •ÁÃ[˝Á ÂacÕ %UÔ %Á[˝ Tˆ* %Á[˝Ã[˝S aÁW˝ÁÃ[˝„SÃ[˝ Y„l˘ %„\ˆVÓ,
V›◊l˘Tˆ È[˝◊V„EıÃ[˝ Y„l˘ YÁTˆ_Á C a„TˆÓÃ[˝ a[[˝ÔÁÜY“EıÁÈı [˝ÿô«ˆ ]Áy ◊ªK˜_* =Y]Á
cÕTˆÓÁ◊VÃ[˝ ◊YªK˜„X AcÕ %UÔ Fg«◊L„Tˆ c˜cÕ„[˝* ÂV[˝TˆÁ„VÃ[˝ ""mäXÁ]'' C ÿëˆ ÿëˆ Y“◊y‘Ã^Á,
""ÂGÁ'' ""%`ü'' ""ÂaÁ]Ã[˝a'' cÕTˆÓÁ◊V a„·¯Tˆ`„åÃ[˝ %UÔ, ÈVTˆÓ„VÃ[˝ Eı∂ˆÇÔ C G…ªRÕÙ
%UÔ, Â[˝„VÃ[˝ Ã[˝÷YEı, myth cÕTˆÓÁ◊VÃ[˝ TˆÁdY^ÔÓ LÁ◊X„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝„_ ÂacÕ Â[˝„VÃ[˝ %UÔ
Â]ÁªRÙOÁ]«◊ªRÙO Â[˝ÁMıÁ ^ÁÃ^* %[˝`Ó TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ G…ªRÕÙ %„UÔÃ[˝ Y“E ıTˆ C a…©ø =Y_◊ç˘ ◊[˝„`b
p˚ÁX C aÁW˝XÁÃ[˝ Zı_, ◊[˝XÁ aÁW˝„X ÂEı[˝_ Â[˝VÁW˝ÓÃ^„X c˜Ã^ XÁ*
AcÕ aEı_ Â[˝VTˆ√º¯ [˝ÁÜÁ_› YÁPˆ„EıÃ[˝ a∂ˆÇ«„F =Y◊ÿöˆTˆ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ cÕ¨K˜Á Ã[˝◊c˜Ã^Á‰ªK˜*
%ÁYÁTˆTˆf ÂEı[˝_ Â[˝„VÃ[˝ ]«FÓ EıUÁ ae„l˘„Y [˝◊_* ÂacÕ EıUÁ AcÕ: LGd
[˝–°˘]Ã^ ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ [˝–°˘Tˆ√º¯ ]„XÃ[˝ %„p˚Ã^* %GÿôˆÓ @◊b [˝◊_Ã^Á‰ªK˜X ""Tˆd %‡…ˆTê'',
%UÔÁd aEı„_Ã[˝ =Y„Ã[˝ C aEı„_Ã[˝ %Tˆ›Tˆ, EıÁ_ÁTˆ›Tˆ* %ÁLC X„c˜, Eı_Ó X„c˜,
ÂEı TˆÁc˜Á LÁ◊X„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜? %ÁÃ[˝ aEı„_Ã[˝ ËªJÙTˆ„XÓ TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ aá˚ÁÃ[˝, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ]X
^◊V ◊XEı‰ªRÙO ◊GÃ^Á ◊XÃ[˝›l˘S Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÊªJÙrÙÁ Eı„Ã[˝, Tˆd %V `Ó c˜Ã^* ÂEı„XÁY◊Xb„VÃ[˝
Ã[˝÷Y„EıÃ[˝C AcÕ %UÔ, cÕ≥V– [˝–„°˘Ã[˝ ◊V„Eı W˝Á◊[˝Tˆ c˜X, ◊XEı‰ªRÙO A„_cÕ [˝–°˘ %V `Ó*
TÛÁ◊Y Tˆd ""ÂV[˝''Ã[˝÷„Y Âp˚Ã^*
ÂV[˝C ""%‡«ˆTˆ'', ◊Eı‹ˆ«ô ◊≈yW˝ÁT«ˆ„Tˆ Y“EıÁ◊`Tˆ --- %UÔÁd ÂV[˝ aXΩÃ^, ◊ªJÙd`◊N˛]Ã^,
%ÁX≥V]Ã^* %ÁX≥VTˆ„√º¯ ÂV[˝„Eı _Á\ˆ EıÃ[˝Á ^ÁÃ^* ÂV[˝ XÁXÁÃ[˝÷„Y, ◊[˝◊[˝W˝ XÁ„]
LGd„Eı [˝ÓÁä Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á C W˝ÁÃ[˝S Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á Ã[˝◊c˜Ã^Á‰ªK˜* AcÕ XÁ]Ã[˝÷Y aEı_ Â[˝„VÃ[˝
ÂV[˝TˆÁaEı_*
Â[˝„V [˝„_, Y“EıÁ`Ó LG„TˆÃ[˝ =Y„Ã[˝ C ◊X‰∂oˆ V«cÕ a]«V– %Á‰ªK˜* ◊X∂oˆ %Y“„EıTˆ
""c˜÷VÓ'' [˝Á c˜÷da]«V,– c˜eO [Ã ˝Á◊L„Tˆ ^Ác˜Á„Eı subconscient [˝„_, --- =Y„Ã[˝ ada]«V,–
cÕeÃ[˝Á◊L„Tˆ ^Ác˜Á„Eı superconscient [˝„_* V«ªRÙO›„Eı mc˜Á [˝Á mc˜ÓTˆ√º¯ [˝„_*
[˝–°˘SπY◊Tˆ %Y“„EıTˆ c˜cÕ„Tˆ [˝ÁEÀı •ÁÃ[˝Á [˝ÓN˛„Eı Y“EıÁ` Eı„Ã[˝X, Ã[˝”V– Y“ÁSTˆ„√º¯
Y“◊[˝rÙ c˜cÕÃ^Á Ã[˝”V–`◊N˛ •ÁÃ[˝Á ◊[˝EıÁ` Eı„Ã[˝X, =Y„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ◊V„Eı ÂLÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ÂTˆÁ„_X,
\ˆ›] TˆÁQÕˆXÁÃ^ G‹ôˆ[˝ÓY„U ªJÙÁ_ÁX, ◊[˝b«’ [˝ÓÁYEı `◊N˛ •ÁÃ[˝Á W˝ÁÃ[˝S Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á AcÕ
◊XTˆÓG◊TˆÃ[˝ ada]«V– [˝Á L›[˝„XÃ[˝ aä XV›Ã[˝ G‹ôˆ[˝Óÿöˆ_ %[˝EıÁ` ÂVX* %XÓ aEı_
ÂV[˝TˆÁ AcÕ G◊TˆÃ[˝ Eı∂ˆÇÔEıÁÃ[˝Eı, ac˜ÁÃ^, =YÁÃ^*
a…^ÔÓ aTˆÓ„LÓÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ ÂV[˝TˆÁ, a◊[˝TˆÁ %UÔÁd a LX Eı„Ã[˝X, [˝ÓN˛ Eı„Ã[˝X, Y…bÁ
%UÔÁd ÂYÁbS Eı„Ã[˝X, ""a…^ÔÓ'' %UÔÁd %X „TˆÃ[˝ %p˚Á„XÃ[˝ Ã[˝Áy› c˜cÕ„Tˆ a„TˆÓÃ[˝
p˚Á„XÃ[˝ %Á„_ÁEı LXΩÁcÕÃ^Á ÂVX* %◊G¬ ◊ªJÙd`◊N˛Ã[˝ ""TˆYf'', LGd„Eı ◊X∂ˆÇÔÁS
Eı„Ã[˝X, LG„TˆÃ[˝ a[[˝Ô[˝ÿô«ˆÃ[˝ ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ Ã[˝◊c˜Ã^Á‰ªK˜X* ◊Tˆ◊X \…ˆTˆ„√º¯ %◊G¬, Y“ÁSTˆ„√º¯
EıÁ]XÁ C Â\ˆÁG‰Y“Ã[˝SÁ, ^Ác˜Á YÁX TˆÁc˜Á \ˆl˘S Eı„Ã[˝X, ]Xÿôˆ„√º¯ ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ]Ã^ ÊY“Ã[˝SÁ
C cÕ¨K˜Á`◊N˛, ]„XÃ[˝ %Tˆ›Tˆ Tˆ„√º¯ p˚ÁX]Ã^ ◊y‘Ã^Á`◊N˛Ã[˝ %W˝›`üÃ[˝*
[◊X[˝ÔÁ◊ªJÙTˆ @EÀıa…N˛]
Y“U] ]â¯_ ---- a…N˛ 1
]…_, %XüÃ^ C [˝ÓÁFÓÁ
%◊G¬]À <‰QÕˆ Y«„Ã[˝Á◊c˜Tê ^p˚aÓ ÂV[˝]À @◊≈±ºˆL]À*
Âc˜ÁTˆÁÃ[˝e Ã[˝±ÛˆW˝ÁTˆ]]À**1**
%◊G¬„Eı \ˆLXÁ Eı◊Ã[˝ ◊^◊X ^„p˚Ã[˝ ÂV[˝ Y«„Ã[˝Á◊c˜Tˆ, @◊≈±ºÊı, Âc˜ÁTˆÁ A[˝e %ÁX≥V-
B`ü„^ÔÓÃ[˝ ◊[˝W˝Á„X Ê`“úˆ*
<‰QÕˆ --- \ˆLÁ◊], Y“ÁUÔ„Ã^, EıÁ]„Ã^* \ˆLXÁ Eı◊Ã[˝*
Y«„Ã[˝Á◊c˜Tê --- Â^ ^„p˚ Y«Ã[˝f a∂ˆÇ«„F ÿöˆÁ◊YTˆ; ^L]Á„XÃ[˝ Y“◊Tˆ◊X◊W˝ C ^„p˚Ã[˝
a+ÁVEı*
@◊≈±ºˆL]À --- Â^ @T«ˆ %X«aÁ„Ã[˝ %UÔÁd ÛÁUÔ EıÁ_ ÂV` ◊X◊]w¯ %X«aÁ„Ã[˝ ^p˚
a+ÁVX Eı„Ã[˝*
Âc˜ÁTˆÁÃ[˝e --- Â^ ÂV[˝TˆÁ„Eı %Á‚º˜ÁX Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á Âc˜Á] ◊XπYÁVX Eı„Ã[˝*
Ã[˝±ÛˆW˝Á --- aÁÃ^S Ã[˝‰±ÛˆÃ[˝ %UÔ Ã[˝]S›Ã^ W˝X Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X* %ÁX≥V]Ã^ B`ü^ÔÓ [˝◊_„_
ÛÁUÔ %UÔ c˜Ã^*
""W˝Á''Ã[˝ %UÔ Â^ W˝ÁÃ[˝S Eı„Ã[˝ [˝Á Â^ ◊[˝W˝ÁX Eı„Ã[˝ [˝Á Â^ V ªRÕÙ\ˆÁ„[˝ ÿöˆÁYX Eı„Ã[˝*
@„GüV 349
%◊G¬f Y…„[[˝Ô≈◊\ˆÃ[˝À @◊b◊\ˆÃ[˝À <„QˆÓÁ X…TˆÍXTˆÃ[˝À =Tˆ*

a ÂV[˝gÁ Ac˜ [˝l˘◊Tˆ**2**
Â^ %◊G¬ Y…[[˝Ô @◊bG„SÃ[˝ \ˆLX›Ã^ ◊ªK˜„_X, ◊Tˆ◊X X…TˆX @◊b„VÃ[˝C (=Tˆ)
\ˆLX›Ã^* ÂEıXXÁ ◊Tˆ◊X ÂV[˝GS„Eı AcÕ ÿöˆÁ„X %ÁXÃ^X Eı„Ã[˝X* Âa \ˆLX›Ã^„±ºˆÃ[˝
EıÁ[Ã ˝S ◊X◊Å¤rÙ c˜c˜„O Tˆ‰Kª ˜, "a' `å ÂacÕ %Á\ˆÁa ÂVÃ^* Ac˜ [˝l˘◊Tˆ --- c˜cO ˜ %Á[˝c˜◊Tˆ*
%◊G¬ ÿëˆÃ[˝„U ÂV[˝TˆÁ◊VG„Eı %ÁXÃ^X Eı„Ã[˝X*
%◊G¬XÁ Ã[˝◊Ã^]À %`¬[˝d ÂYÁb]À A[˝ ◊V„[˝ ◊V„[˝*
^àe [˝›Ã[˝[˝w¯]]À**3**
Ã[˝◊Ãê --- Ã[˝±ÛˆÃ[˝ Â^ %UÔ, Ã[˝◊Ã^f, Ã[˝ÁW˝f, Ã[˝ÁÃ^f cÕTˆÓÁ◊VÃ[˝ ÂacÕcÕ %UÔ* Tˆ„[˝ Ã[˝±Ûˆ
`„å ""%ÁX≥V'' %UÔ %◊W˝Eı Y“ÿˆè«ıªRÙO*
%`¬[˝d --- %`¬«Ã^Ád* Y“Áä c˜Ã^ [˝Á Â\ˆÁG Eı„Ã[˝*
ÂYÁb] Y“\ ˆ◊Tˆ Ã[˝◊Ã^Ã[˝ ◊[˝„`bS* ÂYÁbe %UÔÁd Â^ Y«rÙ c˜Ã^, Â^ [˝ ◊à˘ YÁÃ^*
^àe --- aÁÃ^S ^` `„åÃ[˝ %UÔ EıFX Eı›◊wÔ¯ EıFX %~ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X* %Áa_
%UÔ Â[˝ÁW˝c˜Ã^ Â^X aÁZı_Ó, _l˘ÓÿöˆÁX Y“Á◊ä cÕTˆÓÁ◊V* V›◊ä %UÔC aÜTˆ ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ
AFÁ„X TˆÁc˜Á FÁ‰ªRÙO XÁ*
%‰G¬ ê ^p˚]À %W[˝Ã[˝e ◊[˝`üTˆf Y◊Ã[˝\…ˆÃ[˝À %◊a*
a cÕVÀ ÂV„[˝b« G¨K˜◊Tˆ**4**
Â^ %W[˝Ã[˝ ^„p˚Ã[˝ a[[˝Ô◊V„Eı T«ˆ◊] ◊H◊Ã[˝Ã^Á Y“ÁV«\…ˆ¤Tˆ, ÂacÕ ^p˚ ÂV[˝„VÃ[˝ ◊XEıªRÙO
G]X Eı„Ã[˝*
%W[˝Ã[˝e --- W[˝ W˝ÁT«ˆ %UÔ ◊c˜eaÁ EıÃ[˝Á* aÁÃ^S ""%◊c˜e◊aTˆ ^p˚'' %UÔ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X*
◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ""%W[˝Ã[˝'' `å ÿëˆÃê ^p˚[˝ÁªJÙEı c˜cÕÃ^Á ◊GÃ^Á‰ªK˜, --- ""%◊c˜e◊aTˆ'' `„åÃ[˝
EıFXC ÂacÕÃ[˝÷Y Y◊Ã[˝SÁ] %aêˆ[˝* %W[˝ÁÃ[˝ %UÔ YU, %W[˝Ã[˝ YUGÁ]› [˝Á YU-
ÿëˆÃ[˝÷YcÕ c˜cÕ„[˝* ^p˚ ÂV[˝W˝Á] G]„XÃ[˝ YU ◊ªK˜_ %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ ^p˚ ÂV[˝W˝Á„]Ã[˝ Y◊UEı
[˝◊_Ã^Á a[[˝Ôy FÓÁTˆ* AcÕ %UÔ aÜTˆ* %W[˝Ã[˝ Â^ %W[˝Ã[˝ÁÃ[˝ ]Tˆ %W˝À W˝ÁT«ˆ aê…ˆTˆ,
cÕc˜ÁÃ[˝ AcÕ Y“]ÁS YÁCÃ^Á ^ÁÃ^ Â^ %W[˝Á C %W[˝Ã[˝ V«cÕªRÙO›cÕ %ÁEıÁ` %„UÔ [˝Ó[˝c˜÷Tˆ
◊ªK˜_*
Y◊Ã[˝\…ˆf --- Y◊Ã[˝„TˆÁ LÁTˆf*
ÂV„[˝b« --- aä]› •ÁÃ[˝Á _l˘ÓÿöˆÁX ◊X◊Å¤rÙ*

cÕd --- A[˝
%◊G¬„c˜¤ÁTˆÁ Eı◊[˝y‘T«ˆf aTˆÓ◊∏ªJÙy`“[˝ÿôˆ]f*

ÂV[˝Á ÂV„[˝◊\ˆÃ[˝ÁG]d**5**
^VÜ VÁ£„b ±ºˆ]‰G¬ \ˆV–e Eı◊Ã[˝bÓ◊a*

Tˆ„[˝d Tˆd aTˆÓ]◊ÜÃ[˝f**6**
=Y ±ºˆÁ‰G¬ ◊V„[˝ ◊V„[˝ ÂVÁbÁ[˝ÿôˆ◊W˝ÔÃ^Á [˝Ã^]À*

X„]Á \ˆÃ[˝‹ôˆ A]◊a**7**
Ã[˝ÁL‹ôˆ]W[˝Ã[˝ÁSÁe ÂGÁYÁ] TâÓ V›◊V◊[˝]À*

[˝W˝Ô]ÁXe Âÿëˆ V„]**ª8**
a Xf ◊Y„Tˆ[˝ a…X„[˝õ÷‰G¬ a…YÁÃ^„XÁ \ˆ[˝*

aªJÙÿëˆÁ Xf ÿëˆÿôˆ„Ã^**9**
%ÁW˝ÓÁ◊≈±¡Eı %„UÔÃ[˝ %X«[˝ÁV

◊^◊X ÂV[˝TˆÁ c˜cÕÃ^Á %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ^„p˚ Eı∂ˆÇÔ◊XÃ^Á]Eı Y«„Ã[˝Á◊c˜Tˆ, EıÁ_p˚ @◊≈±ºÊı,
c˜◊[˝f C %Á‚º˜Á„XÃ[˝ Y“ÁYEı Âc˜ÁTˆÁ aÁ„LX A[˝e %„`b %ÁXÍ≥V`ü^ÔÓ ◊[˝W˝ÁX Eı„Ã[˝X,
ÂacÕ Tˆ„YÁ„V[˝ %◊G¬„Eı \ˆLXÁ Eı◊Ã[˝* (1)
Â^]X Y“ÁJª Ù›X @◊b„VÃ[˝ ÂTˆ]XcÕ %ÁW˝◊« XEı aÁW˝Eı„VÃ[˝C AcÕ Tˆ„YÁ„V[˝TˆÁ \ˆLXÁÃ[˝
Â^ÁGÓ* ◊Tˆ◊XcÕ ÂV[˝GS„Eı AcÕ ]wÔ¯Ó„_Á„Eı %ÁXÃ^X Eı„Ã[˝X* (2)
TˆYf-%◊G¬ •ÁÃ[˝ÁcÕ ]ÁX«b ◊V[˝Ó B`ü^ÔÓ Y“Áä c˜Ã^* AcÕ B`ü^ÔÓ %◊G¬[˝„_ ◊VX◊VX
[˝◊à˘¤Tˆ, %◊G¬[˝„_ ◊[˝LÃ^ÿöˆ„_ %G–aÃ[˝, %◊G¬[˝„_ [˝ß_ [˝›Ã[˝`◊N˛a+~ c˜Ã^* (3)
Âc˜ TˆYf-%◊G¬, Â^ ÂV[˝YUGÁ]› ^„p˚Ã[˝ a[[˝Ô◊V„Eı ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ aw¯Á %X«\…ˆTˆ c˜Ã^,
ÂacÕ %Á±¡Y“Ã^ÁacÕ ÂV[˝TˆÁÃ[˝ ◊XEıªRÙO Yßg◊ªJÙÃ^Á ◊aà˘ c˜Ã^* (4)
AcÕ TˆYf-%◊G¬ ◊^◊X Âc˜ÁTˆÁ, ◊^◊X aTˆÓ]Ã^, aTˆÓV ◊rÙ„Tˆ ^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Eı∂ˆÇÔ`◊N˛
@„GüV 351
ÿöˆÁ◊YTˆ, XÁXÁ◊[˝W˝ ÂLÓÁ◊Tˆ∂ˆÇÔÃ^ Ê`“ÏTˆp˚Á„X ◊^◊X W˝X›, ◊Tˆ◊XcÕ ÂV[˝[˝ ≥V„Eı _cÕÃ^Á

^„p˚ XÁ◊]Ã^Á %Áa«X* (5)
Âc˜ TˆYf-%◊G¬, Â^ ÂTˆÁ]Á„Eı ÂVÃ^, T«ˆ◊] Â^ TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Ê`“Ã^f a ◊rÙ Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝cÕ, cÕc˜ÁcÕ
ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ aTˆÓaw¯ÁÃ[˝ _l˘S* (6)
%◊G¬, %Á]Ã[˝Á Y“◊Tˆ◊VX %„c˜ÁÃ[˝Á‰y ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ ◊XEıªRÙO [˝«◊à˘Ã[˝ ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁÃ^ %Á±¡a]YÔS„Eı
=Yc˜ÁÃ[˝ÿëˆÃ[˝÷Y [˝c˜X Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á %ÁGTˆ c˜cÕ* (7)
ÂV„[˝ÁXΩ∆F aEı_ Y“Ã^Á„aÃ[˝ ◊XÃ^Á]Eı, a„TˆÓÃ[˝ V›◊ä]Ã^ Ã[˝l˘Eı, ◊^◊X ÿëˆ›Ã^ W˝Á„]
a[[˝ÔVÁ [˝◊à˘¤Tˆ c˜cÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜X, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝cÕ ◊XEıªRÙO %ÁGTˆ c˜cÕ* (ª8)
Â^]X ◊YTˆÁÃ[˝ aÁ]›YÓ a‹ôˆÁ„XÃ[˝ a«_\ˆ, T«ˆ◊]C ÂacÕÃ[˝÷Y %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ◊XEıªRÙO
a«_\ˆ c˜C, V ªRÕÙaÜ› c˜cÕÃ^Á Eı_ÓÁSG◊Tˆ aÁ◊W˝Tˆ EıÃ[˝* (9)
[◊[˝Eıî %X«[˝ÁV]
Tˆ„YÁ„V[˝TˆÁ %◊G¬„Eı %Á◊] EıÁ]XÁ Eı◊Ã[˝ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ^„p˚Ã[˝ ◊^◊X Y«„Ã[˝Á◊c˜Tˆ C
@◊≈±ºÊı, %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ^„p˚Ã[˝ ◊^◊X Âc˜ÁTˆÁ, Y“\…ˆTˆ %ÁX≥V ^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ VÁX* (1)
Tˆ„YÁ„V[˝TˆÁcÕ Y«Ã[˝ÁTˆX @◊b„VÃ[˝ EıÁ]Ó ◊ªK˜„_X, ◊Tˆ◊XcÕ X[˝›X„VÃ[˝ EıÁ]Ó* ◊Tˆ◊XcÕ
AcÕ Y ◊U[˝›„Tˆ ÂV[˝aeH„Eı [˝c˜X Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á %Á„aX* (2)
Tˆ„YÁ„V[˝ %◊G¬ •ÁÃ[˝Á ]ÁX«b ÂacÕ È[˝\ˆ[˝ Â\ˆÁG Eı„Ã[˝ ^Ác˜ÁÃ[˝ ◊VX◊VX [˝ ◊à˘ Â^
^`ÿëˆ› Â^ [˝›Ã[˝`◊N˛„Tˆ \ˆÃ[˝Á* (3)
Âc˜ %◊G¬ Tˆ„YÁ„V[˝TˆÁ, Â^ YU^Áy› ^„p˚Ã[˝ ªJÙÁ◊Ã[˝◊V„Eı T«ˆ◊] ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ aw¯ÁÃ^
Y◊Ã[˝„[˝rÙX EıÃ[˝, ÂacÕ Eı∂ˆÇÔcÕ ÂV[˝]â¯„_ Yßg◊ªJÙÃ^Á _l˘ÓÿöˆÁ„X =Y◊ÿöˆTˆ c˜Ã^* (4)
Tˆ„YÁ„V[˝TˆÁ %◊G¬ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ^„p˚Ã[˝ Âc˜ÁTˆÁ aTˆÓ Eı◊[˝Eı∂ˆÇÔÁ ◊[˝◊ªJÙy ◊\ˆ~ ÿô«ˆ◊TˆÃ[˝
Ê`“ÁTˆÁ* ÂV[˝TˆÁ, %XÓaEı_ ÂV[˝TˆÁ„VÃ[˝ _cÕÃ^Á %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ◊XEı‰ªRÙO %Á„aX* (5)
Âc˜ %◊ÜÃ[˝Á %◊G¬, ^p˚VÁTˆÁÃ[˝ L„XÓ T«ˆ◊] Â^ YÃ[˝] %ÁX≥V C Eı_ÓÁS a ◊rÙ
Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝, ÂaªRÙOÁcÕ ÂacÕ YÃ[˝] aTˆÓ* (6)
%◊G¬ Tˆ„YÁ„V[˝TˆÁ, %Á]Ã[˝Á Y“◊Tˆ◊VX ◊V„X Ã[˝Á‰y ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ EıÁ‰ªK˜ ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁÃ^ ]„XÃ[˝
X◊Tˆ \ˆ◊Ã[˝Ã^Á [˝c˜X Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á %Á◊a* (7)
T«ˆ◊] ÂV[˝^Áy› Ã[˝ÁLÁÿëˆÃ[˝÷Y a„TˆÓÃ[˝ ÂGÁäÁ ÿëˆ\ˆ[˝„X a[[˝ÔVÁ [˝◊à˘¤Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á ÿëˆV›◊ä
Y“EıÁ` EıÃ[˝* (8)
◊YTˆÁ Â^]X TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Y«‰yÃ[˝ T«ˆ◊]C %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ac˜LG]Ó c˜C* %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ÿëˆ◊ÿôˆ
◊V„Tˆ _Á◊GÃ^Á UÁEı* (9)
[˝ÓÁFÓÁ
◊[˝`ü^p˚
◊[˝`üL›[˝X AEıªRÙO› [˝ c˜d ^p˚ÿëˆÃ[˝÷Y* ^„p˚Ã[˝ ÂV[˝TˆÁ ÿëˆÃê \ˆG[˝ÁX, Y“E ı◊Tˆ

^p˚VÁTˆÁ* \ˆG[˝ÁX ◊`[˝, Y“E ı◊Tˆ =]Á, =]ÁÃ[˝ c˜÷V„Ã^Ã[˝ %‹ôˆ„Ã[˝ ◊`[˝Ã[˝÷Y„Eı W˝ÁÃ[˝S
Eı◊Ã[˝^Ã Á Y“TˆÓl˘ ◊`[˝[Ã ˝÷Y c˜Á[Ã ˝Á, Y“TˆÓl˘ ◊`[˝[Ã ˝÷Y„Eı YÁc˜[O ˝Á[Ã ˝ LXÓ a[[˝VÔ Á _Á_Á◊Ã^Tˆ*
AcÕ _Á_aÁ ◊[˝`üL›[˝„XÃ[˝ ◊XG…ªRÕÙ %UÔ*
◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ◊Eı =YÁ„Ã^ aZı_]„XÁÃ[˝U c˜Ã^? ◊XL ÿëˆÃ[˝÷„Y Yßg◊ªJÙÃ^Á Y«Ã[˝”„bÁw¯„]Ã[˝
ÿëˆÃ[˝÷Y„Eı YÁcÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ ◊Eı ÂEıÏ`_ ◊[˝„W˝Ã^, ÂEıÁXÀ YU Y“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝ ◊X◊Å¤rÙ? ªJÙ„l˘ %p˚Á„XÃ[˝
%Á[˝Ã[˝S, ªJÙÃ[˝„S ÿöˆ…„_Ã[˝ ac˜ÿÉˆ ◊XGQÕˆ* ÿöˆ…_aw¯Á %X‹ôˆ ad„EıC Â^X aÁ„‹ôˆ [˝à˘
Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á Ã[˝Á◊FÃ^Á‰ªK˜, ◊X„LC Â^X [˝≥V› c˜cÕÃ^Á Y◊QÕˆÃ^Á‰ªK˜, ÿëˆÃêG◊PˆTˆ AcÕ EıÁÃ[˝ÁG „c˜Ã[˝
c˜ÁÃ[˝ÁX ªJÙÁ◊[˝ %ÁÃ[˝ c˜Á„TˆÃ[˝ EıÁ‰ªK˜ YÁÃ^ XÁ* LQÕˆ-Y“ÁS`◊N˛Ã[˝ %[˝` aá˚Á„Ã[˝ %X‹ôˆ
=XΩ∆N˛ ◊ªJÙd`◊N˛ Â^X ◊[˝]…ªRÕÙ, ◊X_›X %‰ªJÙTˆX c˜cÕÃ^Á Y◊QÕˆÃ^Á‰ªK˜* %X‹ôˆ %ÁX≥V
Â^X T«ˆ¨K˜ a«FV«f„FÃ[˝ %W˝›X Y“ÁE ıTˆ ËªJÙTˆXÓ aÁ◊LÃ^Á ªK˜≤ø„[˝„` Â[˝QÕˆÁcÕ„Tˆ Â[˝QÕˆÁcÕ„Tˆ
◊XL ÿëˆÃ[˝÷Y \«ˆ◊_Ã^Á ◊GÃ^Á‰ªK˜, %ÁÃ[˝ TgˆÁc˜Á„Eı Fg«◊LÃ^Á YÁÃ^ XÁ, Fg«◊L„Tˆ Fg«◊L„Tˆ
%ÁÃ[˝C V«f„FÃ[˝ %a›] Y„·¯ ◊X]◊#Tˆ c˜cÕ„Tˆ ^ÁÃ^* aTˆÓ Â^X %X „TˆÃ[˝ ◊•W˝Á]Ã^
TˆÃ[˝„Ü Q«ˆ◊[˝Ã^Á ◊GÃ^Á‰ªK˜* ]ÁXaÁTˆ›Tˆ ◊[˝p˚ÁXTˆ„√º¯ %X‹ôˆ a„TˆÓÃ[˝ Y“◊TˆúˆÁÿöˆ_,
◊[˝p˚ÁXTˆ„√º¯Ã[˝ y‘›QÕˆÁ YÁ◊UÔ[˝ ËªJÙTˆ„XÓ c˜Ã^ ◊X◊bà˘ XÃ^ ÿëˆî C ◊[˝Ã[˝_, Â^X %ÁQÕˆÁ_
c˜cÕ„Tˆ l˘◊SEı ◊[˝V«Ó„TˆÃ[˝ \ˆG¬ =„XΩb ]Áy* AFÁ„X £W˝« aTˆÓÁX „Tˆ ÂVÁ_ÁÃ^]ÁX
\ˆ›Ã[˝” ÂFgÁQÕˆÁ ]…ªRÕÙ ]ÁXaTˆ√º¯ H«◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ◊Zı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á aTˆÓ„Eı %„XübS Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜, YÁcÕÃ^ÁC
%Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ c˜ÁÃ[˝ÁÃ^, AEı]«c…˜wÔ¯ a„TˆÓÃ[˝ AEı◊VEı W˝◊Ã[˝Ã^Á Ã[˝Á◊F„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝„_ %XÓ◊VEı W˝◊Ã[˝„Tˆ
◊GÃ^ÁcÕ Y“U]ªRÙO› c˜ÁTˆ c˜cÕ„Tˆ F◊aÃ^Á ^ÁÃ^* ]ÁXaTˆ√º¯ ◊[˝Y«_ Y“Ã^Á„a a„TˆÓÃ[˝ %Á\ˆÁa
[˝Á a„TˆÓÃ[˝ \ˆG¬Áe` YÁcÕ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ a„TˆÓÃ[˝ Y…SÔ C Y“E ıTˆ ÂLÓÁ◊Tˆ∂ˆÇÔÃ^ %X‹ô-
ˆÃ[˝÷Y TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ c˜‰ÿôˆÃ[˝ cÕÃ^w¯ÁÃ[˝ %Tˆ›Tˆ* Â^]XcÕ p˚Á„X, ÂTˆ]XcÕ Eı„∂ˆÇÔC ÂacÕ
◊[˝„Ã[˝ÁW˝, ÂacÕ %\ˆÁ[˝, ÂacÕ È[˝Zı_Ó* ac˜L aTˆÓEı„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ c˜ÁaÓ]Ã^ ÂV[˝X „TˆÓÃ[˝ ÿöˆÁ„X
Y“ÁE ıTˆ cÕ¨K˜Á`◊N˛Ã[˝ ◊XGQÕˆ[˝à˘ ÊªJÙrÙÁ aTˆÓ %aTˆÓ YÁY Y«SÓ È[˝W˝ %Í[˝W˝ Eı∂ˆÇÔ
%Eı∂ˆÇÔ ◊[˝Eı„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ L◊ªRÙO_YÁ„` [˝ UÁ ªK˜ªRÙOZıªRÙO Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜* [˝ÁaXÁc˜›X È[˝Zı_Óc˜›X
%ÁX≥V]Ã^ ÊY“]]Ã^ BEıÓÃ[˝a]w¯Á \ˆÁG[˝Tˆ› ◊y‘Ã^Á`◊N˛Ã[˝ G◊Tˆ a[[˝ÔVÁ ]«N˛ %E«ı◊¢ˆTˆ
C %ñ◊_Tˆ* ÂacÕ ÿëˆÁ\ˆÁ◊[˝Eı ac˜L ◊[˝`ü]Ã^ aá˚Ã[˝S Y“ÁE ıTˆ cÕ¨K˜Á`◊N˛Ã[˝ %aêˆ[˝*
@„GüV 353
AcÕÃ[˝÷„Y aÁ„‹ôˆÃ[˝ %X Tˆ ZgıÁ„V YQÕˆÁ AcÕ YÁ◊UÔ[˝ Y“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝ ÂacÕ %X‹ôˆ aw¯Á, %X‹ôˆ
◊ªJÙd`◊N˛, %X‹ôˆ %ÁX≥VÎªJÙTˆXÓ _Á\ˆ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ ◊Eı [˝Á %Á`Á ◊Eı [˝Á =YÁÃ^?
^p˚cÕ =YÁÃ^* ^„p˚Ã[˝ %UÔ %Á±¡a]YÔS, %Á±¡[˝◊_VÁX* ^Ác˜Á T«ˆ◊] %ÁªK˜,
^Ác˜Á ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ %Á‰ªK˜, ^Ác˜Á \ˆ◊[˝bÓ„Tˆ ÿëˆ‰ªJÙrÙÁÃ^ [˝Á ÂV[˝E ıYÁÃ^ c˜cÕ„Tˆ YÁÃ[˝, ^Ác˜Á
◊EıªK«˜ Eı∂ˆÇÔY“[˝Á„c˜ %#¤X [˝Á aá˚Ã^ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁÃ[˝, a[˝cÕ ÂacÕ %] Tˆ]„Ã^Ã[˝ =„Å„`Ó
c˜◊[˝fÃ[˝÷„Y TˆYf %◊G¬„Tˆ ªRÙÁ_* l«˘V– a[[˝Ôÿëˆ VÁ„X %X‹ôˆ a[[˝Ôÿëˆ _Á\ˆ Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝*
^„p˚ Â^ÁG ◊X◊c˜Tˆ* Â^Á„G %ÁX‹ôˆÓ %]Ã[˝±ˆº C YÃ[˝]Tˆ„√º¯[Ã ˝ YÃ[˝]ÁX≥V Y“Á◊ä ◊[˝◊c˜Tˆ*
cÕc˜ÁcÕ Y“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝ =à˘Á„Ã[˝Ã[˝ YU*
LGTˆ› ÂV[˝› ÂacÕ Ã[˝cãÓ LÁ„XX* ÂacÕ ◊[˝Y«_ %Á`ÁÃ^ ◊Tˆ◊X a[[˝ÔVÁ %◊X◊V–Tˆ
%`“Á‹ôˆ, [Ã ˝ÁTˆ◊VX ]Áa Y„Ã[˝ ]Áa [˝daÃ[˝ Y„Ã[˝ [˝daÃ[˝ ^«G Y„Ã[˝ ^«G ^p˚cÕ Eı◊[Ã ˝„Tˆ‰Kª ˜X*
%Á]Á„VÃ[˝ a]ÿôˆ Eı∂ˆÇÔ, a]ÿôˆ ÊªJÙrÙÁ, a]ÿôˆ p˚ÁX, a]ÿôˆ Â•b }], a«FV«fF AcÕ
◊[˝`ü^„p˚Ã[˝ %Ü]Áy* LGTˆ› ÂV[˝› ÿöˆ…_ a ◊rÙ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ◊[˝`ü]Ã^ %◊G¬Ã[˝ LPˆ„Ã[˝ ªRÙÁ◊_Ã^Á
◊VÃ^Á‰ªK˜X, ÂY„Ã^‰ªK˜X [˝V„_ Y“ÁS`◊N˛Ã[˝ ÂF_Á L›„[˝ =◊‡ˆ„V, W˝ÁT«ˆ„Tˆ* ◊Eı‹ˆ«ô Y“ÁS`◊N˛
Y“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝ ÿëˆÃ[˝÷Y X„c˜, Y“ÁS]Ã^ Y«Ã[˝”b Y«Ã[˝”„bÁw¯] X„c˜X* LGTˆ› ÂV[˝› LG„TˆÃ[˝
aEı_ Y“ÁS› C TˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ aEı_ ÊªJÙrÙÁ È[˝`üÁXÃ[˝ %◊G¬Ã[˝ l«˘◊W˝Tˆ LPˆ„Ã[˝ ªRÙÁ◊_Ã^Á
◊VÃ^Á‰ªK˜X, ÂY„Ã^‰ªK˜X [˝V„_ ]Xf`◊N˛Ã[˝ ÂF_Á Y£„Tˆ, Yl˘›„Tˆ, ]X«„bÓ* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ
]Xf`◊N˛C Y“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝ ÿëˆÃ[˝÷Y X„c˜, ]„XÁ]Ã^ Y«Ã[˝”b Y«Ã[˝”„bÁw¯] X„c˜X* LGTˆ›
ÂV[˝› LG„TˆÃ[˝ aEı_ ÊY“]„•b, c˜bÔV«fF, a«F„[˝VXÁ, YÁYY«SÓ, p˚ÁX◊[˝p˚ÁX, ÊªJÙrÙÁ-
%Á◊[˝õıÁ[Ã ˝, ]◊Tˆ]X›bÁ[˝◊« à˘ ◊[˝`]ü ÁX[˝ %◊G¬[Ã ˝ %X‹ôˆ LPˆ„[Ã ˝ Rª ÙÁ◊_Ã^Á ◊VÃ^Á‰ªK˜X, YÁc˜„O [˝X
[˝V„_ ◊[˝p˚ÁX Tˆ„√º¯Ã[˝ =XΩ∆N˛ •ÁÃ[˝, %X‹ôˆ a„TˆÓÃ[˝ Y‹öˆÁ, ◊[˝`ü-Y[[˝Ô„TˆÃ[˝ %ÁX≥V
ªJ…ÙQÕˆÁÃ^ %Á„Ã[˝Ác˜S, %X‹ôˆ W˝Á„] %X‹ôˆ Y«Ã[˝”„bÁw¯„]Ã[˝ %Á◊_ÜX*
YÁcÕ„[˝X, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ AFXC YÁX XÁcÕ* l˘›S %Á`ÁÃ[˝ ÂÃ[˝FÁ]Áy EıÁ_-GG„X ÂVFÁ
◊VÃ^Á‰ªK˜* %TÂ[˝ %X[˝[Ã ˝Tˆ ^p˚ Jª Ù◊_„Tˆ‰Kª ˜, ÂV[˝› ^Ác˜ÁcÕ =dYÁVX Eı◊[Ã ˝„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝^Ã Á‰ªK˜X,
TˆÁc˜ÁcÕ [˝◊_ ◊V„Tˆ‰ªK˜X* ◊Tˆ◊X LÁ„XX aEı„_Ã[˝ ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ ÂacÕ _›_Á]Ã^ %E«ı◊¢ˆTˆ
]„X _›_ÁÃ[˝ Ã[˝aÁÿëˆÁVX Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜X, ^p˚ [˝◊_Ã^Á aEı„_Ã[˝ ÊªJÙrÙÁ aEı_ TˆYaÓÁ
G–c˜S Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜X* ◊Tˆ◊XcÕ ◊[˝`ü^p˚„Eı %Á‰ÿôˆ %Á‰ÿôˆ H«◊Ã[˝Ã^Á H«◊Ã[˝Ã^Á [˝gÁ◊EıÃ^Á [˝gÁ◊EıÃ^Á
=xÁ„X YTˆ„X p˚Á„X %p˚Á„X L›[˝„X ] T«ˆÓ„Tˆ ◊X◊Å¤rÙ Y„U ◊X◊Å¤rÙ G‹ôˆ[˝ÓW˝Á„]Ã[˝
◊V„Eı a[[˝ÔVÁcÕ %G–aÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜X* TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ \ˆÃ[˝aÁÃ^ Y“E ı◊Tˆ ÂV[˝› ◊X\ˆfiEı %E«ı◊¢ˆTˆ
◊[˝ªJÙÁÃ[˝c˜›X* a[[˝ÔycÕ a[[˝ÔVÁcÕ \ˆÁG[˝Tˆ› ÊY“Ã[˝SÁ [˝«◊MıÃ^Á a LX C c˜XX, =dYÁVX
C ◊[˝XÁ`, p˚ÁX C %p˚ÁX a«FV«fF YÁYY«SÓ Yiı %Yiı E«ıd◊aTˆ a«≥VÃ[˝ Y◊[˝y
%Y◊[˝y ^Ác˜Á c˜Á„Tˆ YÁX, a[˝cÕ ÂacÕ [˝ c˜d ◊ªJÙÃ[˝‹ôˆX Âc˜Á]E«ı„â¯ ◊X„l˘Y Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜X*
ÿöˆ_… a…©ø ^„p˚Ã[˝ c˜◊[˝f, L›[˝ ^„p˚Ã[˝ [˝à˘ Y£* ^„p˚Ã[˝ ]XY“ÁS„Vc˜[Ã ˝÷Y ◊≈y[˝µ˘X^«N˛
^…YEıÁ„úˆ L›[˝„Eı [˝gÁ≈◊W˝Ã^Á Ã[˝Á◊FÃ^Á Y“E ı◊Tˆ TˆÁc˜Á„Eı %c˜Ã[˝c˜ [˝◊_ ◊V„Tˆ‰ªK˜X* ]„XÃ[˝
[˝µ˘X %p˚ÁX, Y“Á„SÃ[˝ [˝µ˘X V«fF [˝ÁaXÁ C ◊[˝„Ã[˝ÁW˝, ÂV„c˜Ã[˝ [˝µ˘X ] T«ˆÓ*
Y“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝ =YÁÃ^ ◊X◊Å¤rÙ c˜cÕ_, AcÕ [˝à˘ L›„[˝Ã[˝ ◊Eı =YÁÃ^ c˜cÕ„[˝? TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝
◊XÿôˆÁÃ[˝ XÁ c˜cÕ„_ Y“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝C =„Å`Ó ◊aà˘ c˜Ã^ XÁ, ÂaLXÓ =YÁÃ^ ◊X∏JÙÃ^cÕ %Á‰ªK˜,
◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ÂaªRÙO› ◊Eı? =YÁÃ^ ^p˚, %Á±¡VÁX, %Á±¡[˝◊_* Tˆ„[˝ Y“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝ %W˝›X XÁ
c˜cÕÃ^Á, ÿëˆÃê =◊PˆÃ^Á VÒÁQÕˆÁcÕÃ^Á ^L]ÁX aÁ◊LÃ^Á a[[˝Ôÿëˆ ◊V„Tˆ c˜cÕ„[˝* cÕc˜ÁcÕ ◊[˝„`üÃ[˝
◊XG…ªRÕÙ Ã[˝cãÓ Â^ Y«Ã[˝”bcÕ Â^]X ^„p˚Ã[˝ ÂV[˝TˆÁ, Y«Ã[˝”bC ^„p˚Ã[˝ Y£* L›[˝cÕ
Y£Ã[˝÷Y Y«Ã[˝”b* Y«Ã[˝”b ◊XL `Ã[˝›Ã[˝-]X-Y“ÁS [˝◊_Ã[˝÷„Y ^„p˚Ã[˝ Y“W˝ÁX =YÁÃ^Ã[˝÷„Y
Y“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝ c˜Á„Tˆ a]YÔS Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X* TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ %Á±¡VÁ„XÃ[˝ AcÕ mä =„Å`Ó ◊X◊c˜Tˆ
Ã[˝◊c˜Ã^Á‰ªK˜ Â^ AEı◊VX ËªJÙTˆXÓ Y“Áä c˜cÕÃ^Á Y“E ı◊Tˆ„Eı ◊XL c˜Á„Tˆ _cÕÃ^Á, Y“E ı◊Tˆ„Eı
TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á cÕ¨K˜ÁÃ[˝ [˝`›\…ˆTˆ VÁa› Y“S◊Ã^X› C ^„p˚Ã[˝ ac˜W˝◊∂ˆÇÔS› Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ÿëˆÃê ◊X„Å¤Áb
^p˚ a+ÁVX Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝X* AcÕ mä EıÁ]XÁ Y…Ã[˝SÁ„UÔ X„Ã[˝Ã[˝ a ◊rÙ* Y«Ã[˝”„bÁw¯]
XÃ[˝]…◊wÔ¯„Tˆ ÂacÕ _›_Á Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ ªJÙÁX* %Á±¡ÿëˆÃ[˝÷Y, %]Ã[˝±ºˆ, aXÁTˆX %ÁX„≥VÃ[˝
◊[˝◊ªJÙy %ÁÿëˆÁVX, %X‹ôˆ p˚ÁX, %[˝ÁW˝ `◊N˛, %X‹ôˆ ÂY“] XÃ[˝„V„c˜ XÃ[˝ÎªJÙTˆ„XÓ Â\ˆÁG
Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ c˜cÕ„[˝* aEı_ %ÁX≥V Y«Ã[˝”„bÁw¯„]Ã[˝ ]„W˝Ó %Á‰ªK˜cÕ* Y«Ã[˝”b ◊X„LÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó
aXÁTˆXÃ[˝÷„Y aXÁTˆX„\ˆÁG a[[˝ÔVÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜X, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ ]ÁX[˝„Eı a ◊rÙ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á
[˝ß„Tˆ AEı±ºˆ, aÁ„‹ôˆ %X‹ôˆ, [˝Á„c˜Ó„Tˆ %Á‹ôˆ◊Ã[˝EıTˆÁ, cÕ◊≥V–„Ã^ %Tˆ›◊≥V–Ã^, YÁ◊UÔ„[˝
%]Ã[˝„_ÁEı±ºˆ, AcÕ ◊[˝YÃ[˝›Tˆ Ã[˝aG–c˜„S ◊Tˆ◊X TˆdYÃ[˝* Y“U„] V«ªRÙO›Ã[˝ ]„W˝Ó %◊[˝VÓÁÃ^
Â\ˆV a LX Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á Â\ˆÁG Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ cÕ¨K˜Á, Y„Ã[˝ %◊[˝VÓÁ„Eı ◊[˝VÓÁÃ[˝ %ÁÃ[˝ ◊[˝VÓÁ„Eı
%◊[˝VÓÁÃ[˝ %Á◊_Ü„X LQÕˆÁcÕÃ^Á AEı„±ºˆ ◊•◊[˝W˝±ºˆ [˝LÁÃ^ Ã[˝Á◊FÃ^Á AEı %ÁW˝Á„Ã[˝ ^«GYd
a„êˆÁ„G V«cÕªRÙO› \ˆ◊GX›Ã[˝ Y…SÔ Â\ˆÁG Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝X* LÁGÃ[˝„SÃ[˝ ◊VX Y^ÔÓ‹ôˆ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝
]„W˝ÓcÕ ]„XÃ[˝ =Y„Ã[˝ [˝«◊à˘Ã[˝ CYÁ„Ã[˝ mä aTˆÓ]Ã^ ◊[˝p˚ÁXTˆ„√º¯ [˝◊aÃ^Á, %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝
%Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ]„W˝ÓcÕ c˜÷V„Ã^Ã[˝ X›‰ªJÙ ◊ªJÙ„w¯Ã[˝ Â^ mä ÿôˆÃ[˝, Â^FÁ„X c˜÷VÃ^mc˜Á, Â^FÁ„X
◊X◊c˜Tˆ mc˜Ó ËªJÙTˆXÓ-a]«V–, c˜÷VÃ^ ]X Y“ÁS ÂVc˜ %c˜·¯ÁÃ[˝ Â^ a]«‰V–Ã[˝ l«˘V– TˆÃ[˝Ü
]Áy, ÂacÕFÁ„XC [˝◊aÃ^Á AcÕ Y«Ã[˝”b Y“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝ %µ˘ Y“Ã^Áa, %µ˘ %„XübS •≥•
Y“◊TˆHÁ„Tˆ BEıÓÿöˆÁY„XÃ[˝ ÊªJÙrÙÁ^Ã XÁXÁ [Ã ˝aÁÿëˆÁVX %X«\ˆ[˝ Eı◊[Ã ˝„Tˆ‰Kª ˜X* =Y„Ã[˝ ap˚Á„X
Â\ˆÁG, ◊X‰∂oˆ %p˚Á„X Â\ˆÁG, AcÕÃ[˝÷„Y V«cÕªRÙO›cÕ ^«GYd ªJÙ◊_„Tˆ‰ªK˜* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ◊ªJÙÃ[˝◊VX
AcÕ %[˝ÿöˆÁÃ^ ]G¬ c˜cÕ„_ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ◊XG…ªRÕÙ Y“TˆÓÁ`Á, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ªJÙÃ[˝] %◊\â◊µ˘ ◊aà˘ c˜Ã^
@„GüV 355
XÁ* AcÕLXÓ Y“„TˆÓEı ]ÁX«„bÃ[˝ LÁGÃ[˝„SÃ[˝ ◊VX ◊[˝◊c˜Tˆ* %‹ôˆfÿöˆ ÂV[˝TˆÁ AEı◊VX
%[˝` Y«SÓc˜›X Y“ÁE ıTˆ %Á±¡[˝◊_ TˆÓÁG Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ap˚ÁX a]‹óˆ ^p˚ %ÁÃ[˝êˆ Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝X;
aEı_ Y“ÁS›]Á‰yÃ[˝ Y„l˘ cÕc˜Á %[˝W˝Á◊Ã[˝Tˆ*
AcÕ ap˚ÁX a]‹óˆ ^p˚ Â[˝„VÁN˛ Eı∂ˆÇÔ* TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ =„Å`Ó ◊•◊[˝W˝, ◊[˝`ü]Ã^ [˝ß„±ºˆ
a+…SÔTˆÁ --- ^Ác˜Á„Eı Â[˝„V È[˝`ü„V[˝Ó C È[˝`üÁXÃ[˝±ºˆ [˝„_, %ÁÃ[˝ TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ a◊c˜Tˆ
AEıÁ±¡Eı YÃ[˝]„V[˝aw¯ÁÃ^ %]Ã[˝±ºˆ_Á\ˆ* ^FX È[˝`ü„V[˝Ó [˝◊_, cÕc˜Á [˝«◊Mı„[˝X Â^
Â[˝„VÁN˛ ÂV[˝GS %[[˝ÔÁªJÙ›X aÁW˝ÁÃ[˝„SÃ[˝ Âc˜Ã^ cÕ≥V– %◊G¬ [˝Ã[˝”S XÁ]Eı l«˘V– ÂV[˝TˆÁ
XX* c˜cO ˜Á[Ã ˝Á \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ ÂLÓÁ◊Tˆ∂ˆÇ^ÃÔ `◊N˛W˝[Ã ˝ XÁXÁ ]…◊wÔ¯* %ÁÃ[˝ AcÕ %]Ã[˝±ˆº Y«[Ã ˝Á„SÁN˛
T«ˆ¨K˜ ÿëˆGÔ XÃ^* È[˝◊VEı @◊b„VÃ[˝ %◊\ˆ_◊bTˆ ÿëˆ„_ÔÁEı LXΩ ] T«ˆÓÃ[˝ CW˝Á„Ã[˝ YÃ[˝]W˝Á]
%X‹ôˆ„_Á„EıÃ[˝ Y“◊TˆúˆÁ, Â[˝„VÁN˛ %]Ã[˝±ºˆ a◊¨JÙVÁX„≥VÃ[˝ %X‹ôˆ aw¯Á C ËªJÙTˆXÓ*
]ÁX„[˝[Ã ˝ ◊\ˆTˆ„[Ã ˝ ÂV[˝±ˆº LÁGÃ[˝S, ]ÁX[˝ÁW˝Á„Ã[˝ aEı_ ÂV[˝TˆÁ[Ã ˝ GPˆX, ÂacÕ ÂV[˝TˆÁG„SÃ[˝
AEı›\…ˆTˆ [˝ß±ºˆ„Eı ÿëˆY“◊TˆúˆÁ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á YÃ[˝] ÂV[˝Tˆ„√º¯Ã[˝ aw¯ÁÃ^ ªJÙÃ[˝] %Á„Ã[˝Ác˜S C
ÂacÕ LGd[˝µ«˘ ÂGÁYÁ„_Ã[˝* Ây‘Á‰QÕˆ ◊X∂ˆÇÔ_ %ÁX„≥VÃ[˝ y‘›QÕˆÁ, cÕc˜ÁcÕ Â[˝„VÁN˛ ^„p˚Ã[˝
=„Å`Ó*
Tˆ„YÁ„V[˝ %◊G¬
AcÕ ^„p˚ L›[˝cÕ ^L]ÁX, G c˜ÿëˆÁ]›, L›„[˝Ã[˝ Y“E ı◊Tˆ G c˜Y±Ûˆ›, ^L]Á„XÃ[˝
ac˜W˝◊∂ˆÇÔS›, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ Y«„Ã[˝Á◊c˜Tˆ ÂEı c˜cÕ„[˝? L›[˝ ^◊V ÿëˆÃê ÿëˆ^„p˚Ã[˝ ÂYÏ„Ã[˝Á◊c˜TˆÓ
a+ÁVX Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ ^ÁÃ^, ^p˚ a«ªJÙÁÃ[˝”Ã[˝÷„Y Y◊Ã[˝ªJÙÁ◊_Tˆ c˜cÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ %Á`Á XÁcÕ-cÕ [˝_Á
^ÁÃ^; EıÁÃ[˝S L›[˝ %c˜·¯ÁÃ[˝ •ÁÃ[˝Á ªJÙÁ◊_Tˆ, ]ÁX◊aEı Y“Á◊SEı C ÈV◊c˜Eı ◊≈y◊[˝W˝ [˝µ˘„X
L◊QÕˆTˆ* AcÕ %[˝ÿöˆÁÃ^ ÿëˆ„YÏ„Ã[˝Á◊c˜TˆÓ G–c˜S EıÃ[˝ÁÃ^ %c˜·¯ÁÃ[˝cÕ Âc˜ÁTˆÁ @◊≈±ºÊı A]X
◊Eı ^„p˚Ã[˝ ÂV[˝TˆÁ aÁ„L, TˆÁc˜Á c˜cÕ„_ %Í[˝W˝ ^p˚◊[˝W˝Á„X ]c˜d %XUÔ H◊ªRÙO[˝ÁÃ[˝
%Á`·¯Á* Y“U„] ◊XTˆÁ‹ôˆ [˝à˘ %[˝ÿöˆÁ c˜cÕ„Tˆ Âa ]«◊N˛ ªJÙÁÃ^* %ÁÃ[˝ ^◊V [˝µ˘X]«N˛
c˜cÕ„Tˆ c˜Ã^, ÿëˆ`◊N˛ ◊\ˆ~ %XÓ `◊N˛Ã[˝ %Á`“Ã^ _cÕ„TˆcÕ c˜cÕ„[˝* ◊≈y◊[˝W˝ ^…YÃ[˝#«Ã[˝
◊`◊U_›EıÃ[˝„SÃ[˝ Y„Ã[˝C ^p˚ ªJÙÁ_ÁcÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ ]Tˆ ◊X„Å¤Áb p˚ÁX C `◊N˛ c˜PˆÁd Y“ÁV«\…ˆ¤Tˆ
[˝Á a±ºˆ„Ã[˝ a«G◊PˆTˆ c˜Ã^ XÁ* ◊V[˝Ó p˚ÁX C ◊V[˝Ó `◊N˛Ã[˝ Y“„Ã^ÁLX, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ^p˚
•ÁÃ[˝ÁcÕ %Á◊[˝\ˆ¤Á[˝ C a«GPˆX aêˆ[˝* %ÁÃ[˝ L›[˝ ]«N˛ c˜cÕ„_C, ◊V[˝Óp˚ÁX› C
* EıUÁªªRÙO› È[˝◊VEı* \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ ÂGÁYÁ_±ºˆ Y«Ã[˝Á„SÃ[˝ a ◊rÙ XÃ^, cÕc˜Á È[˝◊VEı =Y]Á*
◊V[˝Ó`◊N˛]ÁX c˜cÕ„_C ^„p˚Ã[˝ \ˆwÔ¯Á %X«]‹ôˆÁ <`üÃ[˝C ^p˚Zı„_Ã[˝ Â\ˆÁN˛Á c˜Ã^, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ
Eı∂ˆÇEÔ ıw¯Ô Á c˜^Ã XÁ* ÂV[˝TˆÁ„EıcÕ Y«„[Ã ˝Á◊c˜Tˆ[Ã ˝÷„Y [˝[Ã ˝S Eı◊[Ã ˝^Ã Á Â[˝V›Ã[˝ =Y„Ã[˝ aeÿöˆÁ◊YTˆ
Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ c˜cÕ„[˝* ÂV[˝TˆÁ ÿëˆÃê ]ÁX[˝c˜÷V„Ã^ Y“◊[˝rÙ Y“EıÁ◊`Tˆ C Y“◊Tˆ◊úˆTˆ XÁ c˜CÃ^Á
Y^ÔÓ‹ôˆ ]ÁX„[˝Ã[˝ Y„l˘ ÂV[˝±ºˆ C %]Ã[˝±ºˆ %aÁW˝Ó* aTˆÓ [˝‰ªRÙO ÂV[˝TˆÁ LÁG–Tˆ c˜CÃ^ÁÃ[˝
%Á„G ÂacÕ Â[˝ÁW˝XÁ„UÔ ]‹óˆV–rÙÁ @◊bGS ^L]Á„XÃ[˝ ÂYÏ„Ã[˝Á◊c˜TˆÓ ÿëˆ›EıÁÃ[˝ Eı„Ã[˝X,
[˝◊`úˆ C ◊[˝`üÁ◊]y a«VÁa yaVa«Ó C \ˆÃ[˝TˆY«‰yÃ[˝ Âc˜ÁTˆÁ c˜X* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ÂV[˝TˆÁ„Eı
%Á‚º˜ÁX Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á Â[˝V›Ã[˝ =Y„Ã[˝ Y«„Ã[˝Á◊c˜Tˆ C Âc˜ÁTˆÁÃ[˝ ÿöˆÁX ◊V[˝ÁÃ[˝ L„XÓcÕ ÂacÕ ]‹ó
Y“„Ã^ÁG C c˜◊[˝f Y“„Ã^ÁG* ÂV[˝TˆÁ %‹ôˆ„Ã[˝ LÁG–Tˆ XÁ c˜cÕ„_ ÂEıc˜ L›[˝„Eı TˆÃ[˝S
Eı◊[Ã ˝„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ XÁ* ÂV[˝TˆÁcÕ yÁSEıw¯Ô Á, ÂV[˝TˆÁcÕ ^„p˚Ã[˝ AEı]Áy ◊a◊à˘VÁTˆÁ Y«„[Ã ˝Á◊c˜Tˆ*
ÂV[˝TˆÁ ^FX Y«„Ã[˝Á◊c˜Tˆ c˜X, TˆFX TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ XÁ] %◊G¬, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Ã[˝÷YC %◊G¬Ã[˝÷Y*
%◊G¬Ã[˝ ÂYÏ„Ã[˝Á◊c˜TˆÓ a[[˝ÔÁÜa«≥VÃ[˝ aEı_ ^„p˚Ã[˝ ]«FÓ =YÁÃ^ C Y“ÁÃ[˝êˆ* AcÕLXÓcÕ
@„Gü„VÃ[˝ Y“U] ]â¯„_Ã[˝ Y“U] a…„N˛Ã[˝ Y“U] @„Eı %◊G¬Ã[˝ ÂYÏ„Ã[˝Á◊c˜TˆÓ ◊X◊Å¤rÙ
EıÃ[˝Á c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜*
AcÕ %◊G¬ ÂEı? %GÀ W˝ÁT«ˆÃ[˝ %UÔ `◊N˛, ◊^◊X `◊N˛]ÁX ◊Tˆ◊X %◊G¬* %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝
%GÀ W˝ÁT«ˆÃ[˝ %UÔ %Á„_ÁEı [˝Á LùÁ_Á, Â^ `◊N˛ Lù_‹ôˆ p˚Á„XÃ[˝ %Á„_Á„Eı =‡ˆÁ◊aTˆ,
p˚Á„XÃ[˝ Eı∂ˆÇÔ[˝_ÿëˆÃ[˝÷Y, ÂacÕ `◊N˛Ã[˝ `◊N˛W˝Ã[˝ %◊G¬* %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ %GÀ W˝ÁT«ˆÃ[˝ %XÓ %UÔ
Y…[[˝Ô±ºˆ C Y“W˝ÁX±ºˆ, Â^ p˚ÁX]Ã^ `◊N˛ LG„TˆÃ[˝ %Á◊VTˆ√º¯ c˜cÕÃ^Á LG„TˆÃ[˝ %◊\ˆ[˝ÓN˛
aEı_ `◊N˛Ã[˝ ]…_ C Y“W˝ÁX, ÂacÕ `◊N˛Ã[˝ `◊N˛W˝Ã[˝ %◊G¬* %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ %GÀ W˝ÁT«ˆÃ[˝
%UÔ XÃ^X, LGTˆÁ◊V aXÁTˆX Y«Ã[˝ÁTˆX Y“W˝ÁX `◊N˛Ã[˝ Â^ `◊N˛W˝Ã[˝ LGd„Eı ◊X◊Å¤rÙ
Y„U ◊X◊Å¤rÙ G‹ôˆ[˝ÓW˝Á„]Ã[˝ ◊V„Eı _cÕÃ^Á %G–aÃ[˝ c˜cÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜X, Â^ E«ı]ÁÃ[˝ ÂV[˝„aXÁÃ[˝
ÂaXÁX›, ◊^◊X Y„U Y“V`ÔEı, ◊^◊X Y“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝ XÁXÁ `◊N˛„Eı p˚Á„X [˝„_ ÿëˆ ÿëˆ
[˝ÓÁYÁ„Ã[˝ Y“[˝◊wÔ¯Tˆ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á a«Y„U ªJÙÁ◊_Tˆ Eı„Ã[˝X, ÂacÕ `◊N˛W˝Ã[˝ %◊G¬* Â[˝„VÃ[˝ `Tˆ
`Tˆ a…„N˛ %◊G¬Ã[˝ AcÕ aEı_ mS [˝ÓN˛ C ÿô«ˆTˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜* LG„TˆÃ[˝ %Á◊V, LG„TˆÃ[˝
Y“„TˆÓEı ÿˆè«ıÃ[˝„S ◊X◊c˜Tˆ, aEı_ `◊N˛Ã[˝ ]…_ C Y“W˝ÁX, aEı_ ÂV[˝TˆÁÃ[˝ %ÁW˝ÁÃ[˝,
aEı_ W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ ◊XÃ^Á]Eı, LG„TˆÃ[˝ ◊XG…ªRÕÙ =„Å`Ó C ◊XG…ªRÕÙ a„TˆÓÃ[˝ Ã[˝l˘Eı AcÕ %◊G¬
%ÁÃ[˝ ◊EıªK«˜cÕ XX, \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ CLf-ÂTˆLf-}ÁLf-ÿëˆÃ[˝÷Y a[[˝Ôp˚ÁX]◊â¯Tˆ YÃ[˝]-
p˚ÁXÁ±¡Eı TˆYf-`◊N˛*
a◊¨JÙVÁX„≥VÃ[˝ adTˆ√º¯ ◊ªJÙXΩÃ^* AcÕ Â^ a„TˆÃ[˝ ◊ªJÙd, ÂacÕ %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ a„TˆÃ[˝ `◊N˛*
◊ªJÙd`◊N˛cÕ LG„TˆÃ[˝ %ÁW˝ÁÃ[˝, ◊ªJÙd`◊N˛cÕ LG„TˆÃ[˝ %Á◊VEıÃ[˝S C ÿÉˆrÙÁ, ◊ªJÙd`◊N˛cÕ
LG„TˆÃ[˝ ◊XÃ^Á]Eı C Y“ÁSÿëˆÃ[˝÷Y* ◊ªJÙXΩÃ^› ^FX adY«Ã[˝”„bÃ[˝ [˝l˘ÿöˆ„_ ]«F _«EıÁcÕÃ^Á
@„GüV 357
◊ÿôˆ◊]Tˆ„_ÁªJÙ„X ÂEı[˝_ a„TˆÃ[˝ ÿëˆÃ[˝÷Y ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ Eı„Ã[˝X, TˆFX %X‹ôˆ ◊ªJÙd`◊N˛ ◊Xÿôˆç˘
c˜Ã^, ÂacÕ %[˝ÿöˆÁ Y“_Ã^ %[˝ÿöˆÁ, ◊Xÿôˆç˘ %ÁX≥VaÁGÃ[˝ÿëˆÃ[˝÷Y* %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ ^FX ◊ªJÙXΩÃ^›
]«F T«ˆ◊_Ã^Á XÃ^X =XΩ›_X Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á adY«Ã[˝”„bÃ[˝ ]«F C TˆX« a‰Y“„] ÂV„FX,
adY«Ã[˝”„bÃ[˝ %X‹ôˆ XÁ] C Ã[˝÷Y W˝ÓÁX Eı„Ã[˝X, E ı◊≈y] ◊[˝‰¨K˜V◊]_XL◊XTˆ a„êˆÁ„GÃ[˝
_›_Á ÿˆÇÃ[˝S Eı„Ã[˝X, TˆFX ÂacÕ %ÁX„≥VÃ[˝ %LÿÉˆ Y“[˝Ác˜ TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ =XΩw¯ ◊[˝„l˘Á\ˆ
◊[˝`üÁX„≥VÃ[˝ %X‹ôˆ TˆÃ[˝Ü a ◊rÙ Eı„Ã[˝* ◊ªJÙd`◊N˛Ã[˝ AcÕ XÁXÁ W˝ÓÁX AcÕ AEı]«F› %UªJÙ
[˝ß]«F› a]Á◊W˝cÕ TˆYf`◊N˛Ã[˝ XÁ„] %◊\ˆ◊c˜Tˆ* adY«Ã[˝”b ^FX TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ◊ªJÙd`◊N˛„Eı
ÂEıÁXC XÁ]Ã[˝÷Ya LX, ÂEıÁXC Tˆ√º¯◊[˝EıÁ`, ÂEıÁXC %[˝ÿöˆÁY“Á◊äÃ[˝ =„Å„`Ó ae-
G c˜›Tˆ, aá˚Á◊_Tˆ, ÿëˆ◊[˝b„Ã^Ã[˝ =YÃ[˝ aeÿöˆÁ◊YTˆ Eı„Ã[˝X, TˆFX TˆYf`◊N˛Ã[˝ Y“„Ã^ÁG
c˜Ã^* AcÕ TˆYfY“„Ã^ÁGcÕ Â^Á„G`ü„Ã[˝Ã[˝ Â^ÁG* cÕc˜Á„EıcÕ cÕeÃ[˝ÁL›„Tˆ Divine will
[˝Á Cosmic will [˝„_* AcÕ Divine will [˝Á TˆYf`◊N˛ •ÁÃ[˝Á LGd a rÙ, ªJÙÁ◊_Tˆ,
Ã[˝◊l˘Tˆ c˜Ã^* %◊G¬cÕ AcÕ TˆYf*
◊ªJÙd`◊N˛Ã[˝ V«cÕ ◊VEı ÂV◊F, ◊ªJÙXΩÃ^ C Tˆ„YÁ]Ã^, a[[˝Ôp˚ÁXÿëˆÃ[˝÷Y C a[[˝Ô`◊N˛-
ÿëˆÃ[˝÷Y, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ Y“E ıTˆY„l˘ AcÕ V«cÕªRÙO›cÕ AEı* \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ p˚ÁX a[[˝Ô`◊N˛]Ã^, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝
`◊N˛ a[[˝Ôp˚ÁX]Ã^* ◊Tˆ◊X %Á„_ÁEıp˚ÁX Eı◊Ã[˝„_cÕ %Á„_ÁEı a ◊rÙ %◊X[˝Á^ÔÓ: EıÁÃ[˝S
TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ p˚ÁX TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ `◊N˛Ã[˝ ◊ªJÙXΩÃ^ ÿëˆÃ[˝÷Y ]Áy* %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ LG„TˆÃ[˝ Â^ ÂEıÁX
LQÕˆ&≥V„XC, Â^]X %S«Ã[˝ X „TˆÓ [˝Á ◊[˝V«Ó„TˆÃ[˝ _∂ˆèı„X p˚ÁX ◊X◊c˜Tˆ, EıÁÃ[˝S
TgˆÁc˜Á[Ã ˝ `◊N˛ TgˆÁc˜Á[Ã ˝ p˚Á„XÃ[˝ ÿˆèı« [Ã ˝S ]Áy* ÂEı[˝_ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó %◊[˝VÓÁÃ[˝ Â\ˆV[˝◊« à˘„Tˆ
%YÃ[˝ÁY“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝ Â\ˆVG◊Tˆ„Tˆ p˚ÁX C `◊N˛ ◊[˝◊\ˆ~ %a] C YÃ[˝&„Ã[˝ Â^X Eı_c˜-
◊Y“Ã^ [˝Á %◊]„_ ◊zırÙ C F[[˝fiE ıTˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á Y◊QÕˆÃ^Á‰ªK˜ %U[˝Á y‘›QÕˆÁ„UÔ ÂacÕÃ[˝÷Y
%a]TˆÁ C Eı≥V„_Ã[˝ ªRÙe Eı„Ã[˝* Y“E ıTˆY„l˘ LG„TˆÃ[˝ l«˘V–Tˆ] Eı∂ˆÇÔ [˝Á aá˚Á„Ã[˝
\ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ a[[˝Ôp˚ÁX C a[[˝Ô`◊N˛ ◊X◊c˜Tˆ, cÕc˜ÁÃ[˝ [˝Ó◊Tˆ„Ã[˝„Eı [˝Á cÕc˜ÁÃ[˝ Eı„]„Tˆ
Âa Eı∂ˆÇÔ [˝Á aá˚ÁÃ[˝ HªRÙOÁcÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ EıÁc˜ÁÃ[˝C `◊N˛ XÁcÕ* Â^]X @◊bÃ[˝ Â[˝V[˝Á„EıÓ [˝Á
`◊N˛W˝Ã[˝ ]c˜ÁY«Ã[˝”„bÃ[˝ ^«GY“[˝wÔ¯„X, ÂTˆ]◊X ]…„FÔÃ[˝ ◊XÃ[˝UÔEı [˝ÁªJÙÁ_TˆÁÃ^ [˝Á %Áy‘Á‹ôˆ
l«˘V– Eı›‰ªRÙOÃ[˝ ªK˜ªRÙOZıªRÙOÁ◊X„Tˆ AcÕ a[[˝Ôp˚ÁX C a[[˝Ô`◊N˛ Y“^«N˛ c˜Ã^* T«ˆ◊] %Á◊]
^FX p˚Á„XÃ[˝ %\ˆÁ„[˝ `◊N˛Ã[˝ %YªJÙÃ^ Eı◊Ã[˝ [˝Á `◊N˛Ã[˝ %\ˆÁ„[˝ p˚Á„XÃ[˝ ◊Xπèı_
Y“„^Ã ÁG Eı◊Ã[˝, a[[˝pÔ ˚ÁX› a[[˝`Ô ◊N˛]ÁX %ÁQÕˆÁ„_ [˝◊aÃ^Á ÂacÕ `◊N˛Y“„^Ã ÁG„Eı TgˆÁc˜Á[Ã ˝
p˚ÁX •ÁÃ[˝Á, ÂacÕ p˚ÁXY“„Ã^ÁG„Eı TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ `◊N˛ •ÁÃ[˝Á aÁ]_ÁX C ªJÙÁ_ÁX [˝◊_Ã^Á
ÂacÕ l«˘V– ÊªJÙrÙÁÃ^ LG„Tˆ AEıªRÙOÁ ◊EıªK«˜ c˜Ã^* ◊X◊Å¤rÙ Eı∂ˆÇÔ c˜cÕÃ^Á =◊Pˆ_, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ =◊ªJÙTˆ
Eı∂ˆÇÔZı_C aÁ◊W˝Tˆ c˜cÕ_* cÕc˜Á„Tˆ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ %p˚ ]„XÁÃ[˝U C Y“TˆÓÁ`Á [˝ÓUÔ
c˜cÕ_ [˝‰ªRÙO, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ÂacÕ È[˝Zı„_ÓcÕ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ G…ªRÕÙ %◊\â◊µ˘ aÁ◊W˝Tˆ c˜Ã^ A[˝e ÂacÕ
È[˝Zı„_ÓcÕ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ÂEıÁXC ªK˜≤ø„[˝`› Eı_ÓÁS C LG„TˆÃ[˝ ]c˜ÁX =„Å„`ÓÃ[˝ AEı
l«˘V–Tˆ] %e„`Ã[˝ l«˘V– %Áe◊Èı %UªJÙ %TˆÓÁ[˝`ÓEı =YEıÁÃ[˝ ◊aà˘ c˜Ã^* %£\ˆ,
%p˚ÁX C È[˝Zı_Ó ªK˜≤ø„[˝` ]Áy* %£„\ˆ £\ˆ, %p˚Á„X p˚ÁX, È[˝Zı„_Ó ◊a◊à˘
C `◊N˛ mä c˜c˜^ÃO Á %Y“TˆÓÁ◊`Tˆ Eı∂ˆÇÔ a+ÁVX Eı„[Ã ˝* TˆYf-%◊G¬[Ã ˝ ◊XG…Rª ÙÕ %[˝◊ÿöˆ◊Tˆ
cÕc˜ÁÃ[˝ EıÁÃ[˝S* AcÕ %◊X[˝Á^ÔÓ £\ˆ, AcÕ %Fâ¯X›Ã^ p˚ÁX, AcÕ %◊[˝TÛ `◊N˛
\ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ %◊G¬[Ã ˝÷Y* Â^]X adY«[Ã ˝”„bÃ[˝ ◊ªJÙd C TˆYf AEı, Â^]X V«c˜ªORÙ›O cÕ %ÁX„≥VÃ[˝cÕ
&≥VX, ÂacÕÃ[˝÷„Y TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Y“◊Tˆ◊X◊W˝ÿëˆÃ[˝÷Y AcÕ %◊G¬„Tˆ p˚ÁX C `◊N˛ %◊[˝◊¨K˜~
A[˝e V«cÕªRÙO›cÕ £\ˆ C Eı_ÓÁSEıÃ[˝*
LG„Tˆ[Ã ˝ [˝Á◊c˜„[Ã ˝[Ã ˝ %ÁE ı◊Tˆ %XÓÃ[˝÷Y, ÂaFÁ„X %X Tˆ, %p˚ÁX, %£\ˆ, È[˝Zı_ÓcÕ
Y“W˝ÁX* %UªJÙ AcÕ ÊªK˜„_„Eı \ˆÃ^ ÂVFÁX ]«„FÁ„aÃ[˝ ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ ]ÁT ˆ]«F _«hıÁ◊Ã^Tˆ* AcÕ
%‰ªJÙTˆ X, AcÕ LQÕˆ, AcÕ ◊XÃ[˝ÁX≥V Â\ˆíı› ]Áy, ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ LGd◊YTˆÁ LGXΩÁTˆÁ
LGTˆÁ±¡Á a◊¨JÙVÁX≥V %Áa›X* AcÕLXÓ Â[˝„V %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ aÁW˝ÁÃ[˝S ËªJÙTˆXÓ Ã[˝Áy›
XÁ„] %◊\ˆ◊c˜Tˆ* %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ]„XÃ[˝ ªJÙÃ[˝] ◊[˝EıÁ`C ÂLÓÁdÿoˆÁ-Y«_◊EıTˆ TˆÁÃ[˝ÁXl˘y-
]◊â¯Tˆ \ˆG[˝Tˆ› Ã[˝Áy›Ã[˝ ◊[˝c˜ÁÃ[˝ ]Áy* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ AcÕ Ã[˝Áy›Ã[˝ ÂEıÁ„_ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ \ˆ◊GX› ÈV[˝›
=bÁ %X‹ôˆ Y“a…Tˆ \ˆÁ[˝› ◊V[˝Óp˚Á„XÃ[˝ %Á„_ÁEı _cÕÃ^Á _«hıÁ◊Ã^Tˆ* YÁ◊UÔ[˝ ËªJÙTˆ„XÓÃ[˝
AcÕ Ã[˝Áy›„TˆC TˆYf-%◊G¬ Y«Xf Y«Xf LÁLù_Ó]ÁX c˜cÕÃ^Á =bÁÃ[˝ %Á\ˆÁ„Tˆ
%Á„_ÁEı◊[˝ÿôˆÁÃ[˝ Eı„Ã[˝X* TˆYf-%◊G¬cÕ %µ˘ LG„Tˆ aTˆÓÎªJÙTˆXÓ]Ã^› =bÁÃ[˝ LXΩ-
]«c…˜wÔ¯ Y“ÿô«ˆTˆ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜X* YÃ[˝] ÂV[˝TˆÁ AcÕ TˆYf-%◊G¬„Eı LG„Tˆ ÊY“Ã[˝S C
ÿöˆÁYX Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X, Y“„TˆÓEı YVÁUÔ C L›[˝L‹ô«ˆÃ[˝ %‹ôˆ„Ã[˝ ◊X◊c˜Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á ◊[˝„`üÃ[˝
a]ÿôˆ G◊Tˆ„Eı %◊G¬cÕ ◊XÃ^]X Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜X* l˘◊SEı %X „TˆÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó ÂacÕ %◊G¬cÕ
◊ªJÙÃ[˝‹ôˆX a„TˆÓÃ[˝ Ã[˝l˘Eı, %‰ªJÙTˆ„X C L‰QÕˆ %◊G¬cÕ %‰ªJÙTˆ„XÃ[˝ ◊XG…ªRÕÙ ËªJÙTˆXÓ, L‰QÕˆÃ[˝
Y“ªJÙâ¯ G◊Tˆ C `◊N˛* %p˚Á„XÃ[˝ %Á[˝Ã[˝„S %◊G¬cÕ \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ G…ªRÕÙ p˚ÁX, YÁ„YÃ[˝
È[˝Ã[˝÷„YÓ %◊G¬cÕ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ aXÁTˆX %Eı_·¯ £à˘TˆÁ, V«fFÍV„XÓÃ[˝ ◊[˝]bÔ E«ıÃ^Á`ÁÃ^
%◊G¬cÕ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Lù_‹ôˆ ◊[˝`ü„\ˆÁG› %ÁX≥V, V«[[˝Ô_TˆÁ C LQÕˆTˆÁÃ[˝ ]◊_X Â[˝„` %◊G¬cÕ
TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ a[[˝Ô[˝Ác˜Eı a[[˝ÔEı∂ˆÇÔ-◊[˝`ÁÃ[˝V ◊y‘Ã^Á`◊N˛* AEı[˝ÁÃ[˝ AcÕ E ıb’ %Á[˝Ã[˝S
Â\ˆV Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ^◊V %◊G¬„Eı %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ %‹ôˆ„Ã[˝ Y“Lù◊_Tˆ Y“EıÁ◊`Tˆ =XΩ∆N˛ C >àùÔ˘GÁ]›
Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝, ◊Tˆ◊XcÕ ÈV[˝› =bÁ„Eı ]ÁX[˝ªÎªJÙTˆ„XÓ %Á◊XÃ^Á ÂV[˝GS„Eı ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝
LÁGÁcÕÃ^Á %X Tˆ %p˚ÁX ◊XÃ[˝ÁX≥V È[˝Zı„_ÓÃ[˝ E ıb’ %Á[˝Ã[˝S„Eı aÃ[˝ÁcÕÃ^Á %Á]Á◊VG„Eı
%]Ã[˝ C ÂV[˝\ˆÁ[˝ÁY~ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á T«ˆ◊_„[˝X* %◊G¬cÕ %‹ôˆfÿöˆ ÂV[˝TˆÁÃ[˝ Y“U] C Y“W˝ÁX
@„GüV 359
LÁG–Tˆ Ã[˝÷Y* TgˆÁc˜Á„Eı c˜÷VÃ^„[˝V›„Tˆ Y“Lù◊_Tˆ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ÂYÏ„Ã[˝Á◊c˜„TˆÓ [˝Ã[˝S Eı◊Ã[˝*

TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ a[[˝ÔY“EıÁÈı LùÁ_Á p˚ÁX, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ a[[˝ÔVÁc˜Eı C YÁ[˝Eı LùÁ_Á `◊N˛* ÂacÕ
p˚ÁX]Ã^ `◊N˛]Ã^ Lù_‹ôˆ %Ám„X %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ AcÕ aEı_ T«ˆ¨K˜ a«FV«fF, AcÕ aEı_
l«˘V– Y◊Ã[˝◊]Tˆ ÊªJÙrÙÁ C È[˝Zı_Ó, AcÕ a]«VÁÃ^ ◊]UÓÁ C ] T«ˆÓ a]◊YÔTˆ Eı◊Ã[˝* Y«Ã[˝ÁTˆX
C %X Tˆ \ˆÿˆÇ›\…ˆTˆ Âc˜ÏEı, X…TˆX C aTˆÓ LÁLù_Ó]ÁX aÁ◊[˝y›Ã[˝÷„Y GGX&`fi
TˆYf-%◊G¬ c˜cÕ„Tˆ %Á◊[˝\…ˆ¤Tˆ c˜cÕ„[˝*
\«ˆ◊_C XÁ Â^ aEı_cÕ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ %‹ôˆ„Ã[˝, ]ÁX„[˝Ã[˝ ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝cÕ %◊G¬, ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝cÕ
Â[˝V›, c˜◊[˝f C Âc˜ÁTˆÁ, ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝cÕ @◊b ]‹óˆ C ÂV[˝TˆÁ, ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝cÕ [˝–„°˘Ã[˝ Â[˝VGÁX,
◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝cÕ [˝–°˘„•b› Ã[˝Ál˘a C ÂV[˝„•b› ÈVTˆÓ, ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝cÕ [˝ y C [˝ yc˜‹ôˆÁ, ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝cÕ
ÂV[˝ÍVTˆÓ ^«à˘, ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝cÕ [˝◊`úˆ ◊[˝`üÁ◊]y %◊ÜÃ[˝Á %◊≈y \ ˆm %U[[˝ÔÁ a«VÁa ya-
Va«Ó VÁaLÁ◊Tˆ C Yá˚◊[˝W˝ [˝–°˘Á„Xüb› %Á^ÔÓGS* ]ÁX„[˝Ã[˝ %Á±¡Á C LGd AEı*
TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝cÕ V…Ã[˝ C ◊XEıªRÙO, V` ◊VEı, V«cÕ a]«V–, aä XV›, aä \«ˆ[˝X* V«cÕ
mä a]«‰V–Ã[˝ ]ÁMıFÁ„X %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ AcÕ YÁ◊UÔ[˝ L›[˝X Y“EıÁ◊`Tˆ* ◊X∂oˆÃ[˝ a]«V– ÂacÕ
mc˜Ó %X‹ôˆ ËªJÙTˆXÓ ^Ác˜Á c˜cÕ„Tˆ AcÕ a]«VÁÃ^ \ˆÁ[˝ C [˝ ◊w¯, XÁ] C Ã[˝÷Y %c˜Ã[˝c˜f
C ]«c…˜„wÔ¯ ]«c…˜„wÔ¯ Y“ÁV«\…ˆ¤Tˆ c˜Ã^, Â^]X \ˆG[˝Tˆ› Ã[˝Áy›Ã[˝ ÂEıÁ„_ TˆÁÃ[˝Á Xl˘y Y“ÿˆè«ı◊ªRÙOTˆ
c˜Ã^* cÕc˜Á„Eı %ÁW˝«◊XEı \ˆÁbÁÃ^ %‰ªJÙTˆX (inconscient) [˝Á %‰ªJÙTˆX-ÎªJÙTˆXÓ
(subconscient) [˝„_, Â[˝„VÃ[˝ %Y“„EıTê a◊__e, Y“p˚Ác˜›X a]«V–* Y“p˚Ác˜›X
c˜cÕ„_C Âa %‰ªJÙTˆX XÃ^, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó Y“p˚ÁTˆ›Tˆ ◊[˝`üÎªJÙTˆXÓ a[[˝Ôp˚Á„X p˚ÁX›
a[[˝ÔEı„∂ˆÇ˝Ô a]UÔ c˜cÕÃ^Á Â^X %[˝` aá˚Á„Ã[˝ LG„TˆÃ[˝ a ◊rÙ C G◊Tˆ a+Á◊VTˆ
Eı„Ã[˝* =Y„Ã[˝ mc˜Ó ]«N˛ %X‹ôˆ ËªJÙTˆXÓ ^Ác˜Á„Eı %◊TˆÎªJÙTˆXÓ (superconscient)
[˝„_, ^Ác˜ÁÃ[˝ ªK˜ÁÃ^Á AcÕ %‰ªJÙTˆX-‰ªJÙTˆX* ÂaFÁ„X a◊¨JÙVÁX≥V LG„Tˆ Y…SÔY“EıÁ◊`Tˆ,
aTˆÓ„_Á„Eı %X‹ôˆ ad-Ã[˝÷„Y Tˆ„YÁ„_Á„Eı %X‹ôˆ ◊ªJÙd-Ã[˝÷„Y LX„_Á„Eı %X‹ôˆ
%ÁX≥VÃ[˝÷„Y, ]c˜„_ÔÁ„Eı ◊[˝`Á_ ◊[˝`ü-%ÁW˝ÁÃ[˝ aTˆÓÃ[˝÷„Y* ]W˝Óÿöˆ YÁ◊UÔ[˝ ËªJÙTˆXÓ
Â[˝„VÁN˛ Y ◊U[˝›* AcÕ Y ◊U[˝› c˜cÕ„Tˆ L›[˝„XÃ[˝ %Á„Ã[˝Ác˜S›Ã^ Y[[˝ÔTˆ GG„X =‰Pˆ,
TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Y“„TˆÓEı aÁX« %Á„Ã[˝Ác˜„SÃ[˝ AEıªRÙO› ÂaÁYÁX, Y“„TˆÓEı aÁX« aä„_Á„EıÃ[˝
AEıªRÙO› Â_Á„EıÃ[˝ %‹ôˆfÿöˆ Ã[˝ÁLÓ* ÂV[˝TˆÁÃ[˝Á %Á„Ã[˝Ác˜„SÃ[˝ ac˜ÁÃ^, ÈVTˆÓÃ[˝Á `y” C
YU„Ã[˝ÁW˝Eı* AcÕ Y[[˝ÔTˆÁ„Ã[˝Ác˜ScÕ È[˝◊VEı aÁW˝„EıÃ[˝ ^p˚G◊Tˆ, ^„p˚Ã[˝ a◊c˜Tˆ YÃ[˝]-
„_Á„Eı YÃ[˝] %ÁEıÁ„` %Á„_ÁEıa]«‰V– =◊Pˆ„Tˆ c˜cÕ„[˝* %Á„Ã[˝Ác˜„SÃ[˝ AcÕ %◊G¬cÕ
aÁW˝XÿëˆÃ[˝÷Y, AcÕ Y„UÃ[˝ ÂXTˆÁ, AcÕ ^«„à˘Ã[˝ Â^Áà˘Á, AcÕ ^„p˚Ã[˝ Y«„Ã[˝Á◊c˜Tˆ* È[˝◊VEı
Eı◊[˝G„SÃ[˝ %W˝ÓÁ±¡p˚ÁX AcÕ ]…_ =Y]ÁÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ Y“◊Tˆ◊úˆTˆ Â^]X [˝ ≥VÁ[˝X[˝Áa›
ÊY“◊]Eı ÂGÁY„GÁY›Ã[˝ =Y]ÁÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ È[˝b’[˝„VÃ[˝ Ã[˝ÁW˝ÁE ıb’ ◊[˝bÃÊı p˚ÁX-

aEı_* AcÕ =Y]ÁÃ[˝ %UÔ a[[˝ÔVÁ ]„X Ã[˝Á◊F„_ Â[˝VTˆ√º¯ c˜÷VÃ^Ü] EıÃ[˝Á ac˜L
c˜cÕÃ^Á =‰Pˆ*
Y“U] ]â¯_ ---- a…N˛ 2

Âc˜ a[[˝ÔV–rÙÁ L›[˝X„V[˝ [˝ÁÃ^«, Aa* AcÕ ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ L„XÓ %ÁX„≥VÃ[˝ ]VÓÃ[˝a
Y“ÿô«ˆTˆ* AcÕ %ÁX≥V ]VÓÃ[˝a YÁX EıÃ[˝, £X AcÕ %Á‚º˜ÁX ^FX QˆÁ◊Eı, £X* (1)
L›[˝X„V[˝TˆÁ, ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ Y“SÃ^›GS TˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ =◊N˛ [˝„_ ÂTˆÁ]Á„Eı aÁW˝XÁ Eı„Ã[˝,
TˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ %ÁX≥VÃ[˝a Y“ÿô«ˆTˆ, ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ ◊VXm◊_Ã[˝ ÂLÓÁ◊Tˆ TˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ %ÁÃ^w¯* (2)
L›[˝X„V[˝TˆÁ, VÁTˆÁÃ[˝ L„XÓ ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ \ˆÃ[˝Á Y“ÁSXV› &`Ô Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á [˝◊c˜„Tˆ‰ªK˜,
%ÁX≥V ]VÓ YÁX Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ÊÿÉˆÁTˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜ =Ã[˝” C ◊[˝ÿô ˆTˆ* (3)
cÕ≥V– C [˝ÁÃ^«, AcÕ ÂacÕ %ÁX≥V ]VÓÃ[˝a, Ê`“ÃâEı_ _cÕÃ^Á Aa* ÂaÁ] ÂV[˝TˆÁÃ[˝Á
ÂTˆÁ]Á„VÃ[˝ V«cÕLX„Eı EıÁ]XÁ Eı„Ã[˝* (4)
◊[˝\ˆ„[˝ W˝X`Á_›, cÕ≥V– C [˝ÁÃ^« ÂTˆÁ]Ã[˝Á %ÁX≥VÃ[˝„aÃ[˝ ÊªJÙTˆXÁ LÁGÁcÕÃ^Á VÁC*
W˝Á◊[˝Tˆ c˜C, Aa* (5)
cÕ≥V– C [˝ÁÃ^«, ◊≈y◊V„[˝Ã[˝ XÃ[˝, ÂTˆÁ]Á„VÃ[˝ ÛÁUÔ ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ _cÕÃ^Á AcÕ a«-◊aà˘ %ÁX≥V
Ã[˝a„\ˆÁG Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ `›H– =Y◊ÿöˆTˆ c˜C* (6)
Y◊[˝y [˝◊« à˘ ◊]y„Eı, XÁÈı Y◊Ã[˝Y‹öˆ›[Ã ˝ ◊[˝XrÙÁ [˝[Ã ˝”S„Eı %Á‚º˜ÁX Eı◊[Ã ˝, ÂLÓÁ◊Tˆ∂ˆÇ^ÃÔ
^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á a„TˆÓÃ[˝ %Á„_Á]Ã^ ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ aÁW˝XÁ Eı„Ã[˝X* (7)
◊]y C [˝Ã[˝”S, ÂTˆÁ]Ã[˝Á aTˆÓ„Eı [˝à˘¤X EıÃ[˝, aTˆÓ„Eı &`Ô EıÃ[˝, aTˆÓ •ÁÃ[˝Á
[˝ c˜d Eı∂ˆÇÔ`◊N˛ _Á\ˆ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á Â\ˆÁG EıÃ[˝* (ª8)
◊]y C [˝[Ã ˝”S %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ V«cÕ V–rÙÁ Eı◊[˝* [˝ß◊[˝W˝ TˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ LXΩ, =Ã[˝” %X‹ôˆ„_ÁEı
[˝Áa\…ˆ◊]* Eı„∂ˆÇÔ TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á a∂ˆÇ«F p˚ÁX`◊N˛ W˝ÁÃ[˝S Eı„Ã[˝X* (9)
Y“U] ]â¯_ ---- a…N˛ 3

V–”TˆYV %`ü›•Ã^, [˝ß„\ˆÁG› %ÁX≥VY◊Tˆ, %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ Eı∂ˆÇÔY“a…Tˆ ÊY“Ã[˝SÁaEı„_
%ÁX≥V EıÃ[˝* (1)
[˝ßEı∂ˆÇfi ]Xÿëˆ› XÃ[˝ %`ü›•Ã^, ÂTˆÁ]Á„VÃ[˝ ÂTˆ„LÁ]Ã^ ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁÃ^ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ =◊N˛-
@„GüV 361
aEı_„Eı ÿöˆÁX ◊VÃ^Á a„êˆÁG EıÃ[˝* (2)

Âc˜ Eı∂ˆÇfi Y◊UEı•Ã^! Y“a Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Â^Ï[˝X\ˆÃ[˝Á AcÕ %ÁX≥VÃ[˝a ÿöˆÁX
AcÕ ^p˚ÁaX, ÂaC Y“ÿô«ˆTˆ* Tˆ›[˝–Y‹öˆ› ÂTˆÁ]Ã[˝Á Aa* (3)
Âc˜ ◊[˝◊ªJÙyÃ[˝◊`Ω `◊N˛W˝Ã[˝ cÕ≥V–, V`ªRÙO› a…©ø `◊N˛Ã[˝ c˜Á„Tˆ AcÕ ÂaÁ]Ã[˝a `Ã[˝›„Ã[˝
Y…Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á ÂTˆÁ]Á„Eı EıÁ]XÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜* (4)
Aa, cÕ≥V–, %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ ÂTˆÁ]Á„Eı YU‰Y“Ã[˝SÁ ◊V„Tˆ‰ªK˜, V–rÙÁ @◊b a„[˝„G
Y„U ªJÙÁ_ÁcÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜X* ÂaÁ]VÁTˆÁ! %Á‚º˜ÁXEıÁÃ[˝›Ã[˝ ]‹óˆm◊_ [˝Ã[˝S Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ Aa* (5)
c˜◊Ã[˝-%„`üÃ[˝ ◊XÃ^Á]Eı cÕ≥V–, ±ºˆ◊Ã[˝TˆG◊Tˆ ]‹óˆm◊_„Eı [˝Ã[˝S Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ Aa AcÕ
ÂaÁ]Ã[˝„a Â^ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ %ÁX≥V ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ ]„XC Âa◊ªRÙO„Eı W˝ÁÃ[˝S EıÃ[˝* (6)
Âc˜ ◊[˝`ü„V„[˝Ã[˝Á ÂTˆÁ]Ã[˝ÁC Aa ^Ác˜ÁÃ[˝Á V–rÙÁ ]X«bÓ„VÃ[˝ Eı_ÓÁSEıÁÃ[˝› W˝ÁÃ[˝SEıwÔ¯Á,
VÁTˆÁÃ[˝ %ÁX≥VÃ[˝a ^Ác˜ÁÃ[˝Á ◊[˝TˆÃ[˝S EıÃ[˝* (7)
Âc˜ ◊[˝`ü„V„[˝Ã[˝Á ÿëˆGÔ XV› TˆÃ[˝S Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ±ºˆ◊Ã[˝Tˆ Aa ÂaÁ] ^„p˚Ã[˝ Â^X ÿëˆ ÿëˆ
◊[˝`“Á] ÿöˆÁ„X ◊≈y◊V„[˝Ã[˝ V›ä GÁ\ˆ›aeH* (8)
Âc˜ ◊[˝`ü„V„[˝Ã[˝Á, ÂTˆÁ]Ã[˝Á Tˆ›[˝–p˚ÁX›, XÁcÕ ÂTˆÁ]Á„VÃ[˝ ◊[˝„Ã[˝ÁW˝›, XÁcÕ ÂTˆÁ]Á„VÃ[˝
◊[˝XrÙÁ* %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ]„XÃ[˝ AcÕ ^p˚ [˝c˜X EıÃ[˝, [˝Ã[˝S EıÃ[˝* (9)
◊[˝`Yü Á[˝X› ÂV[˝› aÃ[˝ÿëˆTˆ› [˝ßÍ[˝\ˆ„[˝ È[˝\ˆ[˝`Á◊_X› ◊ªJÙ‹ˆô ÁW˝„X B`ü^ÓÔ ]Ã^›, ◊Tˆ◊XC
Â^X %Á]ÁÃ[˝ AcÕ ^p˚Eı∂ˆÇÔ„Eı EıÁ]XÁ Eı„Ã[˝X* (10)
aÃ[˝ÿëˆTˆ› aTˆÓ[˝Á„EıÃ[˝ ÊY“Ã[˝SÁVÁy› aÃ[˝ÿëˆTˆ› a«◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁÃ^ p˚ÁXLÁGÃ[˝SEıyfi, %Á]ÁÃ[˝
^p˚Eı∂ˆÇÔ„Eı ◊X„LÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó W˝ÁÃ[˝S Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á [˝◊aÃ^Á‰ªK˜X* (11)
aÃ[˝ÿëˆTˆ› ]„XÃ[˝ V ◊rÙÃ[˝ [˝„_ ÊªJÙTˆXÁÃ[˝ ]c˜Áa]«V–„Eı %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ p˚Á„XÃ[˝ [˝ÿô«ˆ Eı„Ã[˝X*
%Á]ÁÃ[˝ aEı_ ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁÃ^ %Á„_ÁEı◊[˝ÿôˆÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ◊Tˆ◊X %Áa›X* (12)
Y“U] ]â¯_ --- a…N˛ 4

Y“◊Tˆ◊VX ÂacÕ a«≥VÃ[˝ Ã[˝÷Ym◊_Ã[˝ ◊`î›„Eı Â^X p˚ÁXÃ[˝◊`ΩÃ[˝ ÂVÁc˜X Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ
E«ı`_ ÂVÁc˜XEıÁÃ[˝›„Eı %Á‚º˜ÁX Eı◊Ã[˝* (1)
%ÁX≥VÃ[˝„aÃ[˝ %ÁX≥VYÁÃ^›, ÂaÁ]^„p˚ Aa* YÁX EıÃ[˝* [˝ß B`ü^ÔÓ, ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝
]w¯TˆÁ* (2)
ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ ÂacÕ %‹ôˆÃ[˝Tˆ] a«◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁaEı_ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ p˚Á„X %Á„a* Aa, ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝
Y“EıÁ` %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ CYÁ„Ã[˝ Â^X XÁ ^ÁÃ^* (3)
%G–aÃ[˝ c˜C CcÕ YÁ„Ã[˝cÕ, `◊N˛]ÁX %YÃ[˝Á◊LTˆ %Á„_Á◊EıTˆ◊ªJÙw¯ cÕ≥V–„Eı Y“Áä

EıÃ[˝, ◊^◊X ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ aFÁ„VÃ[˝ ^Ác˜Á YÃ[˝] TˆÁc˜Á ◊[˝W˝ÁX Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝X* (4)
^Ác˜ÁÃ[˝Á %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ◊a◊à˘Ã[˝ ◊X≥VÁ Eı„Ã[˝, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á [˝◊_„[˝ ""^ÁC, c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜, %XÓ
Âl˘‰yC aÁW˝XÁ EıÃ[˝* cÕ‰≥V–cÕ ÂTˆÁ]Á„VÃ[˝ Eı∂ˆÇÔ ÿöˆÁ◊YTˆ EıÃ[˝''* (5)
Âc˜ Eı∂ˆÇfi AcÕ %Á^ÔÓ LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ÁC %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ÂaÏ\ˆÁGÓ`Á_› [˝_«Eı* cÕ≥V–Ã[˝ `Á◊‹ôˆ„Tˆ
%ÁX„≥V %Á]Ã[˝Á Â^X [˝Áa Eı◊Ã[˝* (6)
Tˆ›[˝– G◊Tˆ cÕ≥V–„Eı AcÕ Tˆ›[˝–G◊Tˆ ^p˚`“›, AcÕ XÃ[˝◊ªJÙw¯ ]w¯EıÁÃ[˝› %ÁX≥V]◊VÃ[˝Á
_c˜^ÃO Á VÁC* TgˆÁc˜Á„Eı YU‰Y“[Ã ˝SÁ VÁC ◊^◊X TgˆÁc˜Á[Ã ˝ aFÁ„VÃ[˝ %ÁX≥V]w¯TˆÁ^Ã ◊[˝„\ˆÁ[Ã ˝
Eı„Ã[˝X* (7)
Âc˜ `TÊı∂ˆÇfi, AcÕ %ÁX≥VÃ[˝a YÁX Eı◊[Ã ˝^Ã Á T«ˆ◊] %Á[˝[Ã ˝SEıÁ[Ã ˝›„VÃ[˝ ◊[˝XÁ` Eı◊[Ã ˝^Ã ÁªK˜,
B`ü^ÔÓ`Á_› ]X«bÓ„Eı TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ B`ü„^ÔÓ [˝◊à˘¤Tˆ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^ÁªK˜* (8)
Âc˜ cÕ≥V– `TÊı∂ˆÇfi, B`ü„^ÔÓ B`ü^ÔÓ`Á_› ÂTˆÁ]Á„Eı B`ü„^ÔÓ \ˆÃ[˝S Eı◊Ã[˝, T«ˆ◊]
%ÁÃ[˝C W˝XÃ[˝Á◊` %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ c˜cÕÃ^Á LÃ^ Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝* (9)
◊^◊X B`ü^ÔÓ XV›, ◊^◊X ]c˜ÁX, ◊^◊X CYÁ„Ã[˝ ◊XTˆÓ Y„U ÂYgÏªK˜ÁX, ◊^◊X ÂaÁ]-
VÁTˆÁÃ[˝ aFÁ, ÂacÕ cÕ≥V–„Eı GÁX EıÃ[˝* (10)
Y“U] ]â¯_ --- a…N˛ 5

Âc˜ ÊÿôˆÁ][˝Ác˜Eı aFÁGS, Aa, [˝_, cÕ‰≥V–Ã[˝ =„Å„`Ó GÁX EıÃ[˝* (1)
[˝ßÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó ^Ác˜ÁÃ[˝ [˝ß±ºˆ Ê`“úˆ, aEı_ Eı]X›Ã^ [˝ÿô«ˆÃ[˝ ◊^◊X <`üÃ[˝, Y“EıÁ`
--- %ÁX≥VÃ[˝a„Eı ÂVÁc˜X Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ÂacÕ cÕ≥V–„Eı GÁX EıÃ[˝* (2)
◊Tˆ◊X Â^X Â^Á„G %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ _\ˆÓ_Á„\ˆ, ◊Tˆ◊X B`ü^ÔÓ C %ÁX≥V ◊V„Tˆ, ◊Tˆ◊X
AcÕ Y«Ã[˝›Ã[˝ %◊W˝úˆÁy› `◊N˛„Tˆ %Á◊[˝\…ˆ¤Tˆ c˜X* Â^X TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ aEı_ È[˝\ˆ[˝ _cÕÃ^Á
%Á]Á„VÃ[˝ EıÁ‰ªK˜ %Á„aX* (3)
^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ^«„à˘ V›ä %`ü„VÃ[˝„Eı `y”Ã[˝Á aeG–Á„] ÂÃ[˝ÁW˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ %a]UÔ, ÂacÕ
cÕ≥V–„Eı GÁX EıÃ[˝* (4)
◊Tˆ◊X %ÁX≥VÃ[˝a„Eı Y◊[˝y Eı„Ã[˝X, Y◊[˝y c˜cÕÃ^Á AcÕ Â^ V◊W˝◊]◊`“Tˆ ÂaÁ]
YÁXÁ„UÔ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ◊XEıªRÙO ^ÁcÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜* (5)
Âc˜ a«TÊı∂ˆÇfi cÕ≥V– TˆÁc˜Á YÁX Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ, ]c˜„TˆÃ[˝ ]c˜w¯] c˜cÕ„Tˆ T«ˆ◊] ÂacÕ ]«c…˜„wÔ¯
◊X„L„Eı ◊[˝ÿôˆÁÃ[˝ EıÃ[˝* (6)
@„GüV 363
Âc˜ ]‹óˆ◊Y“Ã^, ÂacÕ Tˆ›[˝–G◊Tˆ %ÁX≥VÃ[˝a Â^X ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó Y“◊[˝rÙ Âc˜ÏEı, Â^X
ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ p˚ÁX› ]X„Eı %ÁX≥V ◊VEı* (7)
Âc˜ `TÊı∂ˆÇfi %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ =◊N˛, %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ÿôˆ[˝ ÂTˆÁ]Á„Eı %Á„GC [˝◊à˘T¤ ˆ Eı◊[Ã ˝„TˆX,
AFXC Â^X %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ [˝ÁEıÓaEı_ %Á„Ã[˝Á [˝◊à˘¤Tˆ EıÃ[˝”Eı* (8)
%l˘Ã^[˝ ◊à˘`Á_› cÕ≥V– Â^X AcÕ ÂacÕ È[˝\ˆ[˝ LÃ^ EıÃ[˝”X ^Ác˜ÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó a[[˝Ô◊[˝W˝
[˝_[˝›^ÔÓ ◊X◊c˜Tˆ* (9)
Âc˜ ]‹óˆ◊Y“Ã^, ÂVF Â^X ÂEıÁX ]wÔ¯Ó %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ `Ã[˝›„Ã[˝Ã[˝ c˜Á◊X XÁ EıÃ[˝”Eı* T«ˆ◊]
aEı„_Ã[˝ <`üÃ[˝, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ %ÿóˆ„Eı %XÓY„U ªJÙÁ◊_Tˆ EıÃ[˝* (10)
Y“U] ]â¯_ ---- a…N˛ 17

]…_
cÕ≥V–Á[˝Ã[˝”S„Ã^ÁÃ[˝c˜e a∂ÉˆÁ„LÁÃ[˝[˝ %Á [˝ „S* TˆÁ ÂXÁ ] QÕˆÁTˆ <V „`**1**
G‹ôˆÁÃ[˝Á ◊c˜ Âÿöˆ Áõ˜[˝„a c˜[˝e ◊[˝Y“aÓ ]Á[˝Tˆf* W˝Tˆ¤ÁÃ[˝Á ªJÙbÔS›XÁ]À**2**
%X«EıÁ]e TˆYÔ„ÃÛÁ◊]≥V–Á[˝Ã[˝”S Ã[˝ÁÃ^ %Á* TˆÁ [˝Áe ÂX◊Vúˆ]›]„c˜**3**
^«[˝ÁE«ı ◊c˜ `ªJÙ›XÁe ^«[˝ÁE«ı a«]Tˆ›XÁ]À* \…ˆÃ^Á] [˝ÁLVÁ[˝ÀXÁ]**4**
cÕ≥V–f ac˜ÿÉˆVÁ[˝ÀXÁe [˝Ã[˝”Sf èaÓÁXÁ]À* y‘T«ˆ\ˆ¤[˝T«ˆÓEÀıUÓf**5**
Tˆ„Ã^Á◊Ã[˝V[˝aÁ [˝Ãê a„X] ◊X ªJÙ W˝›]◊c˜* aÓÁV«Tˆ Y“„Ã[˝ªJÙX]À**6**
cÕ≥V–Á[˝Ã[˝”S [˝Á]c˜e ß„[˝ ◊ªJÙyÁÃ^ Ã[˝ÁW˝„a* %ÿˆÇÁXÀda« ◊LG«Óbï ıTˆ]À**7**
cÕ≥V–Á[˝Ã[˝”S X… X« [˝Áe ◊abÁa‹ôˆ›b« W˝›bùÁ* %ÿˆÇ\ˆÓe `]Ô ^¨K˜Tˆ]À**8**
Y“ [˝Á]‰`¬ÁT«ˆ a«r«Ù◊Tˆ◊Ã[˝≥V–Á[˝Ã[˝”S ^Áe ß„[˝* ^Á] W˝Á„U aW˝ÿô«ˆ◊Tˆ]À**9**
<V „`* ◊Eı∂ëˆÁ ""AcÕ V rÙÓ„UÔ''* ATˆV ‰rÙ* ]Á[˝Tˆf* ""]'' W˝ÁT«ˆ [˝e„`Ã[˝ aEı„_Ã[˝
W˝ÁÃ[˝ScÕ %Á◊V] %UÔ ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ªJ…ÙQÕˆÁ‹ôˆ Y“Á◊ä, a+…SÔTˆÁ C ◊a◊à˘C ""]'' •ÁÃ[˝Á [˝ÓN˛
c˜Ã^* ◊[˝Y“aÓ ]Á[˝Tˆf AcÕ EıUÁÃ[˝ ""Â^ p˚ÁX› p˚Á„XÃ[˝ [˝Á aÁW˝XÁÃ[˝ Â`b a›]ÁÃ^
ÂYgÏ◊ªK˜„Tˆ‰ªK˜X'' AcÕ %UÔC c˜cÕ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝; ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ^FX EıÁ^ÔÓÃ[˝ W˝ÁÃ[˝SEıwÔ¯Á [˝◊_Ã^Á
cÕ≥V– C [˝Ã[˝”S %Ác…˜Tˆ c˜cÕ„_X, TˆFX Y“U] %UÔcÕ a]UÔX›Ã^* `◊N˛W˝ÁÃ[˝„S EıÁ^ÔÓ
◊a◊à˘, `◊N˛W˝ÁÃ[˝„S Â^ a]UÔ, ]ÁX◊aEı [˝„_Ã[˝ ÂV[˝TˆÁ cÕ≥V– A[˝e \ˆÁ[˝ ]c˜„√º¯Ã[˝
ÂV[˝TˆÁ [˝Ã[˝”S TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝cÕ ac˜ÁÃ^TˆÁ Eı„Ã[˝X* V«[[˝Ô_„Eı TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ %Á„[˝` ac˜Ó Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ
%a]UÔ [˝◊_Ã^Á TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á ÂacÕ Y◊Ã[˝]Á„S aÁc˜Á^Ó C Ã[˝l˘Á Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝X XÁ*
y‘T«ˆf EıUÁªRÙO›Ã[˝ Y“ÁªJÙ›X %UÔ ◊ªK˜_ `◊N˛, [˝_ [˝Á aÁ]UÔÓ; G–›Eı \ˆÁbÁÃ^ ÂacÕ
%„UÔ y‘TâÀ (kratos, [˝_, krateros, [˝_[˝ÁX) `å◊ªRÙO YÁCÃ^Á ^ÁÃ^* AFÁ„X
^FX cÕ≥V– C [˝Ã[˝”S„Eı y‘T«ˆ [˝◊_Ã^Á Y“è◊aTˆ c˜cÕ„_X, cÕc˜ÁC Y“]Á◊STˆ c˜Ã^ Â^
AcÕ `„åÃ[˝ [˝_[˝ÁX [˝Á Y“\«ˆ %UÔC ◊ªK˜_*
Y“„Ã[˝ªJÙXe `„åÃ[˝ %ÁW˝ÓÁ◊≈±¡Eı %UÔ ◊ªK˜_ E«ı]◊Tˆ C E«ı[˝ ◊w¯„Eı [˝◊c˜õ ıTˆ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á
%ÁW˝ÁÃ[˝„Eı ]_`…XÓ C £à˘ EıÃ[˝Á* cÕc˜ÁcÕ G–›Eı„VÃ[˝ ÂacÕ ◊[˝FÓÁTˆ ""katharsis''*
aW˝aÀ --- aW˝… W˝ÁT«ˆÃ[˝ ◊[˝„`bS C ◊[˝„`bÓ, Â^ W˝ÁT«ˆ c˜cÕ„Tˆ aÁW˝X EıUÁªRÙO›
=dY~ c˜Ã^* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ Y„Ã[˝ aeï ı„Tˆ ÂacÕ W˝ÁT«ˆ _«ä c˜Ã^* ""[˝_V'' %UÔ„VÓÁTÊı
a◊W˝úˆ `å %Á‰ªK˜ --- Â^ L‹ô«ˆ Y◊Ã[˝`“] Eı„Ã[˝, L◊]„Eı ªJÙÁ„bÃ[˝ Â^ÁGÓ Eı„Ã[˝, ÂacÕ
a◊W˝úˆ*
%X«[˝ÁV
Âc˜ cÕ≥V–, Âc˜ [˝Ã[˝”S, ÂTˆÁ]Ã[˝ÁcÕ a∂ÉˆÁªRÙO, ÂTˆÁ]Á◊VG„EıcÕ %Á]Ã[˝Á Ã[˝l˘EıÃ[˝÷„Y [˝Ã[˝S
Eı◊Ã[˝, --- ÂacÕ Â^ ÂTˆÁ]Ã[˝Á AcÕÃ[˝÷Y %[˝ÿöˆÁÃ^ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ aVÃ^ c˜C* (1)
EıÁ[Ã ˝S, Â^ p˚ÁX› `◊N˛-W˝Á[Ã ˝S Eı◊[Ã ˝„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝X, ÂTˆÁ]Ã[˝Á TgˆÁc˜Á[Ã ˝ ^p˚ÿöˆ„_ [Ã ˝l˘SÁ„UÔ
=Y◊ÿöˆTˆ c˜C; ÂTˆÁ]Ã[˝ÁcÕ EıÁ^ÔÓ aEı„_Ã[˝ W˝ÁÃ[˝SEıwÔ¯Á* (2)
%ÁW˝Á„Ã[˝Ã[˝ %ÁX≥VY“ÁªJ«Ù„^ÔÓ ÛÁ EıÁ]XÁ %Á±¡T ˆ◊ä %X«\ˆ[˝ EıÃ[˝* Âc˜ cÕ≥V– C
[˝Ã[˝”S, %Á]Ã[˝Á ÂTˆÁ]Á„VÃ[˝ %◊Tˆ◊XEıªRÙO ac˜[˝Áa ªJÙÁcÕ* (3)
Â^ aEı_ `◊N˛ A[˝e Â^ aEı_ a«[˝«◊à˘ %Á‹ôˆ◊Ã[˝Eı @◊à˘ [˝à˘¤X Eı„Ã[˝, ÂacÕ
aEı„_Ã[˝ Y“[˝_ %Á◊W˝Y„TˆÓ %Á]Ã[˝Á Â^X Y“◊Tˆ◊úˆTˆ UÁ◊Eı* (4)
^Ác˜Á ^Ác˜Á `◊N˛VÁÃÊı cÕ≥V– TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ A[˝e ^Ác˜Á Y“`ÿôˆ C ]c˜d [˝Ã[˝”S TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝cÕ
& c˜S›Ã^ Y“\«ˆ c˜X* (5)
AcÕ V«cÕL„XÃ[˝ Ã[˝l˘„S %Á]Ã[˝Á ◊ÿöˆÃ[˝ a«„F ◊XÃ[˝ÁYV UÁ◊Eı A[˝e G\ˆ›Ã[˝ W˝ÓÁ„X
a]UÔ c˜cÕ* %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ a+…SÔ £◊à˘ Âc˜ÏEı* (6)
Âc˜ cÕ≥V–, Âc˜ [˝Ã[˝”S, %Á]Ã[˝Á ÂTˆÁ]Á◊V„GÃ[˝ ◊XEıªRÙO ◊ªJÙy◊[˝◊ªJÙy %ÁX≥V_Á\ˆÁ„UÔ ^p˚
Eı◊Ã[˝, %Á]Á◊VG„Eı a[[˝ÔVÁ LÃ^› EıÃ[˝* (7)
Âc˜ cÕ≥V–, Âc˜ [˝Ã[˝”S, %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ [˝«◊à˘Ã[˝ aEı_ [˝ ◊w¯ Â^X [˝`ÓTˆÁ ÿëˆ›EıÁÃ[˝ Eı„Ã[˝,
ÂacÕ [˝ ◊w¯aEı„_ %◊W˝◊úˆTˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á %Á]Á◊VG„Eı `Á◊‹ôˆ VÁX EıÃ[˝* (8)
@„GüV 365
Âc˜ cÕ≥V–, Âc˜ [˝Ã[˝”S, AcÕ a«≥VÃ[˝ ÿôˆ[˝ ÂTˆÁ]Á◊VG„Eı ^p˚Ã[˝÷„Y %YÔS Eı◊Ã[˝, Âa
Â^X ÂTˆÁ]Á„VÃ[˝ Â\ˆÁGÓ c˜Ã^, ÂacÕ aÁW˝XÁUÔ ÿôˆ[˝[˝ÁEıÓ ÂTˆÁ]Ã[˝ÁcÕ Y«rÙ C ◊a◊à˘^«N˛
Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ ªK˜*(9)
[˝ÓÁFÓÁ
Y“ÁªJÙ›X @◊bGS ^FX %ÁW˝ÓÁ◊≈±¡Eı ^«„à˘ %‹ôˆf`y”Ã[˝ Y“[˝_ %Áy‘]„S ÂV[˝TˆÁ„VÃ[˝
ac˜ÁÃ^TˆÁ _Á\ˆ Y“ÁUÔXÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„TˆX, aÁW˝XY„U ◊Eı◊á˚d %G–aÃ[˝ c˜cÕÃ^Á %a+…SÔTˆÁ
Â[˝Á„W˝ Y…SÔTˆÁ-Y“◊TˆúˆÁ-]ÁX„a ""[˝ÁLf'' [˝Á `◊N˛Ã[˝ ÿöˆÁÃ^› L]ÁªRÙO %[˝ÿöˆÁ EıÁ]XÁ
Eı◊Ã[˝„TˆX %U[˝Á %‹ôˆfY“EıÁ` C %ÁX„≥VÃ[˝ Y◊Ã[˝Y…SÔTˆÁÃ^ TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝cÕ Y“◊TˆúˆÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ
Â\ˆÁG Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ [˝Á Ã[˝l˘Á Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ ÂV[˝TˆÁ„VÃ[˝ %Á‚º˜ÁX Eı◊Ã[˝„TˆX, TˆFX %Á]Ã[˝Á Y“ÁÃ^cÕ
TˆÁc˜Á◊VG„Eı ÂLÁQÕˆÁ ÂLÁQÕˆÁ %]Ã[˝GS„Eı AEı[˝Á„EıÓ AEıÿôˆ„[˝ QˆÁ◊EıÃ^Á ]„XÃ[˝ \ˆÁ[˝
LÁXÁcÕ„Tˆ ÂV◊F* %◊`üX•Ã^, cÕ≥V– C [˝ÁÃ^«, ◊]y C [˝Ã[˝”S AcÕÃ[˝÷Y ae„^Á„GÃ[˝
=VÁc˜Ã[˝S* AcÕ ÿôˆ„[˝ cÕ≥V– C [˝ÁÃ^« X„c˜, ◊]y C [˝Ã[˝”S X„c˜, cÕ≥V– C [˝Ã[˝”„SÃ[˝
AcÕÃ[˝÷Y ae„^ÁG Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á EıXü[˝e`L Â]W˝Á◊Tˆ◊U %ÁX≥V, ]c˜√º¯◊a◊à˘ C `Á◊‹ôˆÃ[˝
Y“ÁUÔXÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜X* TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ AFX =¨JÙ ◊[˝`Á_ C Gêˆ›Ã[˝ ]„XÃ[˝ \ˆÁ[˝* ◊Tˆ◊X ªJÙÁX
]«N˛ C ]c˜d Eı∂ˆÇÔ, ªJÙÁX Y“[˝_ ÂTˆLÿëˆ› \ˆÁ[˝ ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ÂacÕ [˝_ ÿöˆÁÃ^› C G\ˆ›Ã[˝ ◊[˝£à˘
p˚Á„X Y“◊Tˆ◊úˆTˆ c˜cÕ„[˝, ÂacÕ ÂTˆL `Á◊‹ôˆÃ[˝ ◊[˝`Á_ Yl˘•„Ã^ %ÁÃ[˝÷ªRÕÙ c˜cÕÃ^Á Eı∂ˆÇÔ-
%ÁEıÁ„` ◊[˝ªJÙÃ[˝S Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝, ◊Tˆ◊X ªJÙÁX %ÁX„≥VÃ[˝ %X‹ôˆ aÁG„Ã[˝ \ˆÁa]ÁX c˜cÕÃ^ÁC,
%ÁX„≥VÃ[˝ ◊ªJÙy◊[˝◊ªJÙy TˆÃ[˝„Ü TˆÃ[˝„Ü %Á„≥VÁ◊_Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^ÁC ÂacÕ %ÁX„≥V Èÿöˆ^ÔÓ, ]◊c˜]Á
C ◊ªJÙÃ[˝Y“◊TˆúˆÁÃ[˝ %X«\ˆ[˝* ◊Tˆ◊X ÂacÕ aÁG„Ã[˝ ]◊LÃ^Á %Á±¡p˚ÁX c˜ÁÃ[˝Á c˜cÕ„Tˆ, ÂacÕ
TˆÃ[˝„Ü _«◊_Tˆ„Vc˜ c˜cÕÃ^Á c˜Á[˝«Q«ˆ[˝« FÁcÕ„Tˆ %◊X¨K«˜Eı* AcÕ ]c˜d %ÁEıÁIl˘Á_Á„\ˆÃ[˝
=Y^«N˛ ac˜ÁÃ^TˆÁEıÁÃ[˝› ÂV[˝TˆÁ cÕ≥V– C [˝Ã[˝”S* Ã[˝ÁLÁ cÕ≥V–, a∂ÉˆÁªRÙO [˝Ã[˝”S* a]ÿôˆ
]ÁX◊aEı[˝ ◊w¯, %◊ÿôˆ±ºˆ C Eı∂ˆÇÔEıÁ◊Ã[˝TˆÁÃ[˝ EıÁÃ[˝S Â^ ]ÁX◊aEı ÂTˆL C TˆYf, cÕ≥V–cÕ
TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ VÁTˆÁ A[˝e [˝ y„VÃ[˝ %Áy‘]S c˜cÕ„Tˆ TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Ã[˝l˘Á Eı„Ã[˝X* ◊ªJÙw¯ C ªJÙ◊Ã[˝‰yÃ[˝
^Tˆ ]c˜d C =VÁÃ[˝ \ˆÁ[˝, ^Ác˜ÁÃ[˝ %\ˆÁ„[˝ ]„XÃ[˝ A[˝e Eı„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ Dà˘TˆÓ, aeEı›SÔTˆÁ,
V«[[˝Ô_TˆÁ [˝Á ◊`◊U_TˆÁ %[˝`ÓêˆÁ[˝›, [˝Ã[˝”ScÕ TˆÁc˜Á ÿöˆÁYX Eı„Ã[˝X C Ã[˝l˘Á Eı„Ã[˝X*
%TÂ[˝ AcÕ a…„N˛Ã[˝ Y“ÁÃ[˝„êˆ @◊b Â]W˝Á◊Tˆ◊U AcÕ V«L„XÃ[˝cÕ ac˜ÁÃ^TˆÁ C aFÓ [˝Ã[˝S
Eı„Ã[˝X* cÕ≥V–Á[˝Ã[˝”S„Ã^ÁÃ[˝c˜][˝ %Á[˝ „S* ""a∂ÉˆÁ„LÁÃ[˝'' --- ÂEıXXÁ TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ÁcÕ a∂ÉˆÁªRÙO*
%TÂ[˝ ""<V „`'', AcÕ %[˝ÿöˆÁÃ^ [˝Á %[˝a„Ã[˝ (Â^ ]„XÃ[˝ %[˝ÿöˆÁÃ[˝ [˝SÔXÁ Eı◊Ã[˝_Á])
◊Tˆ◊X ◊X„LÃ[˝ L„XÓ C aEı„_Ã[˝ L„XÓ TˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ Y“a~TˆÁ Y“ÁUÔXÁ Eı„Ã[˝X --- TˆÁ
ÂXÁ ] QÕˆÁTˆ <V „`* Â^ %[˝ÿöˆÁÃ^ ÂV„c˜Ã[˝, Y“Á„SÃ[˝, ]„XÃ[˝, ◊[˝p˚ÁXÁe„`Ã[˝ aEı_ [˝ ◊w¯
C ÊªJÙrÙÁ ÿëˆÿöˆÁ„X a]ÁÃ[˝÷ªRÕÙ C ae[˝ Tˆ, EıÁc˜ÁÃ[˝C L›„[˝Ã[˝ =YÃ[˝ %Á◊W˝YTˆÓ, ◊[˝‰V–Ác˜
[˝Á ^„U¨K˜ÁªJÙÁÃ[˝ XÁcÕ, aEı„_cÕ ÿëˆ ÿëˆ ÂV[˝TˆÁÃ[˝ C YÃ[˝ÁY“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝ [˝`ÓTˆÁ ÿëˆ›EıÁÃ[˝
Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ÿëˆ ÿëˆ Eı∂ˆÇÔ \ˆG[˝d◊X◊Å¤rÙ a]„Ã^ C Y◊Ã[˝]Á„S aÁX„≥V Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ %\ˆÓÿôˆ, Â^
%[˝ÿöˆÁÃ^ G\ˆ›Ã[˝ `Á◊‹ôˆ %UªJÙ ÂTˆLÿëˆ› a›]ÁÃ[˝◊c˜Tˆ Y“ªJÙâ¯ Eı∂ˆÇÔ`◊N˛, Â^ %[˝ÿöˆÁÃ^
L›[˝ ÿëˆÃ[˝Á„LÓÃ[˝ ÿëˆÃ[˝ÁªRÙO, ◊XL %ÁW˝ÁÃ[˝Ã[˝÷Y %Á‹ôˆ◊Ã[˝Eı Ã[˝Á„LÓÃ[˝ Y“E ıTˆ a∂ÉˆÁªRÙO, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝cÕ
%Á„V„` [˝Á TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝cÕ %ÁX≥VÁ„UÔ aEı_ [˝ ◊w¯ a«ªJÙÁÃ[˝”Ã[˝÷„Y YÃ[˝&„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ac˜ÁÃ^TˆÁY…[[˝ÔEı
Eı∂ˆÇÔ Eı„Ã[˝ %U[˝Á TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ cÕ¨K˜Á c˜cÕ„_ G\ˆ›Ã[˝ Tˆ„]ÁÃ[˝◊c˜Tˆ ◊Xõı∂ˆÇÔTˆÁÃ^ ]G¬ c˜cÕÃ^Á
%Tˆ_ `Á◊‹ôˆ %◊X[[˝JªÔ ÙX›Ã^ [Ã ˝aÁÿëˆÁVX Eı„[Ã ˝, Y“U] ^«„GÃ[˝ È[˝VÁ◊‹ôˆ„Eı[Ã ˝Á ÂacÕ %[˝ÿöˆÁ„Eı
ÿëˆÁÃ[˝ÁLÓ [˝Á aÁ∂ÉˆÁLÓ [˝◊_„TˆX* cÕ≥V– C [˝Ã[˝”S ÂacÕ %[˝ÿöˆÁÃ[˝ ◊[˝„`b %◊W˝EıÁÃ[˝›,
TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ÁcÕ a∂ÉˆÁªRÙO* cÕ≥V– a∂ÉˆÁªRÙO c˜cÕÃ^Á %ÁÃ[˝ aEı_ [˝ ◊w¯„Eı ªJÙÁ◊_Tˆ Eı„Ã[˝X, [˝Ã[˝”S
a∂ÉˆÁªRÙO c˜cÕÃ^Á %ÁÃ[˝ aEı_ [˝ ◊w¯„Eı `ÁaX Eı„Ã[˝X A[˝e ]◊c˜]Á◊XüTˆ Eı„Ã[˝X*
AcÕ ]◊c˜]Á◊XüTˆ %]Ã[˝•„Ã^Ã[˝ a+…SÔ ac˜ÁÃ^TˆÁ _Á„\ˆ aEı„_ %◊W˝EıÁÃ[˝› X„c˜X*
◊^◊X p˚ÁX›, ◊^◊X ÈW˝„^ÔÓ Y“◊Tˆ◊úˆTˆ, ◊Tˆ◊XcÕ %◊W˝EıÁÃ[˝›* ◊[˝Y“ c˜CÃ^Á ªJÙÁcÕ, ]Á[˝ÁX
c˜CÃ^Á ªJÙÁcÕ* ◊[˝Y“ [˝–Á°˘S X„c˜, ◊[˝ W˝ÁT«ˆÃ[˝ %UÔ Y“EıÁ`, ◊[˝YÀ W˝ÁT«ˆÃ[˝ %UÔ Y“EıÁ„`Ã[˝
y‘›QÕˆÁ, Eı+X [˝Á Y…SÔ =¨nº˜ Áa, ^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ]„X p˚Á„XÃ[˝ =VÃ^ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜, ^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ]„XÃ[˝
•ÁÃ[˝ p˚Á„XÃ[˝ ÂTˆL›Ãâ› y‘›QÕˆÁÃ[˝ LXÓ ]«N˛, ◊Tˆ◊XcÕ ◊[˝Y“* ]Á W˝ÁT«ˆÃ[˝ %UÔ W˝ÁÃ[˝S*
LXX› G„\ˆ¤ a‹ôˆÁ„XÃ[˝ W˝ÁÃ[˝SEıyfi [˝◊_Ã^Á ]ÁTˆÁ `„å %◊\ˆ◊c˜Tˆ* %ÁEıÁ` aEı_
\…ˆ„TˆÃ[˝ aEı_ L›„[˝Ã[˝ LXΩ, y‘›QÕˆÁ C ] T«ˆÓ ÿëÊ«ı◊l˘„Tˆ W˝ÁÃ[˝S Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ◊ÿöˆÃ[˝ %◊[˝ªJÙ◊_Tˆ
c˜cÕÃ^Á UÁ„Eı [˝◊_Ã^Á aEı_ Eı„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ Y“◊TˆúˆÁTˆÁ Y“ÁSÿëˆÃ[˝÷Y [˝ÁÃ^«„V[˝TˆÁ ]ÁTˆ◊Ã[˝`üÁ
XÁ„] FÓÁTˆ* %ÁEıÁ„`Ã[˝ XÓÁÃ^ ^ÁÃ[˝ ÈW˝^ÔÓ C W˝ÁÃ[˝S`◊N˛, Y“ªJÙâ¯ H…SÔ[˝ÁÃ^« ^FX
◊VIÀ¯]â¯_„Eı %Á„_Á◊QÕˆTˆ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á Y“ªJÙâ¯ ß·¯Á„Ã[˝ [˝ l˘, L‹ô«ˆ, G c˜ Y^ÔÓ‹ôˆ ªRÙOÁ◊XÃ^Á Ã[˝”V–
\ˆÃ^·¯Ã[˝ Ã[˝Áa_›_ÁÃ[˝ X TˆÓ %◊\ˆXÃ^ Eı„Ã[˝, %ÁEıÁ` Â^]X ÂacÕ y‘›QÕˆÁ„Eı ac˜Ó Eı„Ã[˝,
X›Ã[˝„[˝ ÿëâ«„F ]G¬ c˜cÕÃ^Á UÁ„Eı, ◊^◊X ÂacÕÃ[˝÷„Y Y“ªJÙâ¯ ◊[˝`Á_ %ÁX≥V, Y“ªJÙâ¯ Ã[˝”V–
Eı∂ˆÇÔ‰ÿÉˆÁTˆ A]X ◊Eı `Ã[˝›Ã[˝ [˝Á Y“Á„SÃ[˝ %ac˜Ó ^‹óˆSÁ„EıC ÿëˆ›Ã^ %ÁW˝Á„Ã[˝ ÂacÕ
y‘›QÕˆÁÃ[˝ =XΩ∆N˛ Âl˘y ◊VÃ^Á %◊[˝ªJÙ◊_Tˆ C %Á±¡a«„F Y“Z«ı{ UÁ◊EıÃ^Á aÁl˘›Ã[˝÷„Y
W˝ÁÃ[˝S Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ a]UÔ, ◊Tˆ◊XcÕ ]Á[˝ÁX* ^FX AcÕÃ[˝÷Y ]Á[˝ÁX ◊[˝Y“, AcÕÃ[˝÷Y W˝›Ã[˝
p˚ÁX› ÿëˆ›Ã^ %ÁW˝ÁÃ[˝„Eı Â[˝V› Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ^p˚Á„UÔ ÂV[˝TˆÁ„VÃ[˝ %Á‚º˜ÁX Eı„Ã[˝, cÕ≥V– C
[˝Ã[˝”„SÃ[˝ ÂacÕFÁ„X %E«ı◊¢ˆTˆ G◊Tˆ, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á Âÿëˆ¨K˜ÁÃ^C =Y◊ÿöˆTˆ c˜X, ^p˚ Ã[˝l˘Á
@„GüV 367
Eı„Ã[˝X, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ aEı_ %\ˆ›◊¥aTˆ Eı„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ %Á`“Ã^ C Y“◊TˆúˆÁ aÁ◊LÃ^Á (W˝wÔ¯ÁÃ[˝Á

ªJÙbÔS›XÁe) ◊[˝Y«_ %ÁX≥V, `◊N˛ C p˚ÁXY“EıÁ` Y“VÁX Eı„Ã[˝X*
Y“U] ]â¯_ --- a…N˛ 75
]…_
L«bÿëˆ aY“Uÿôˆ]e [˝‰ªJÙÁ ÂV[˝¥aÃ[˝ÿôˆ]]À* c˜[˝ÓÁ L«‚º˜ÁX %Áa◊X**1**
%UÁ ÂTˆ %◊ÜÃ[˝ÿôˆ]Á‰G¬ Â[˝W˝ÿôˆ] ◊Y“Ã^]À* Â[˝Á‰ªJÙ] [˝–°˘ aÁX◊a**2**
Eı‰ÿôˆ LÁ◊]L¤XÁXÁ]‰G¬ ÂEıÁ VÁ`üW[˝Ã[˝f* ÂEıÁ c˜ Eı◊ÿˆÇ~◊a ◊`“Tˆf**3**
±ºê LÁ◊]L¤XÁXÁ]‰G¬ ◊]‰yÁ %◊a ◊Y“Ã^f* aFÁ a◊F\ˆÓ cÕQˆÓf**4**
^LÁ ÂXÁ ◊]yÁ[˝Ã[˝”SÁ ^LÁ ÂV[˝gÁ @Tê [˝ c˜d* %‰G¬ ^◊l˘ ÿëê V]]À**5**
%X«[˝ÁV
^Ác˜Á [˝ÓN˛ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ◊ªK˜ TˆÁc˜Á %◊Tˆ`Ã^ ◊[˝ÿô ˆTˆ C [˝ c˜d A[˝e ÂV[˝TˆÁÃ[˝ Â\ˆÁ„GÃ[˝
aÁ]G–›, TˆÁc˜Á T«ˆ◊] a‰Y“„] %Á±¡aÁd EıÃ[˝* ^TˆcÕ c˜[˝Ó Y“VÁX Eı◊Ã[˝, ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝cÕ ]«„F
%YÔS EıÃ[˝* (1)
Âc˜ TˆYf-ÂV[˝! `◊N˛W˝„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ]„W˝Ó Ê`“úˆ C Ê`“úˆ ◊[˝W˝ÁTˆÁ, %Á◊] %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ Â^
c˜÷V„Ã^Ã[˝ ]‹óˆ [˝ÓN˛ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ◊ªK˜, TˆÁc˜Á ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ ◊Y“Ã^ A[˝e %Á]ÁÃ[˝ %◊\ˆ_◊b„TˆÃ[˝
◊[˝LÃ^› Â\ˆÁN˛Á Âc˜ÏEı* (2)
Âc˜ TˆYf-ÂV[˝ %◊G¬, LG„Tˆ ÂEı ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ aÜ› C }ÁTˆÁ? ÂTˆÁ]Á„Eı ÂV[˝GÁ]›
aFÓ ◊V„Tˆ ÂEı a]UÔ? T«ˆ◊] [˝Á ÂEı? %U[˝Á EıÁÃ[˝ %‹ôˆ„Ã[˝ %◊G¬ %Á◊`“Tˆ? (3)
%◊G¬! T«ˆ◊]cÕ a[[˝ÔY“ÁS›Ã[˝ }ÁTˆÁ, T«ˆ◊]cÕ LG„TˆÃ[˝ ◊Y“Ã^ [˝µ«˘, T«ˆ◊]cÕ aFÁ A[˝e
ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ aFÁ„VÃ[˝ EıÁ]Ó* (4)
◊]y C [˝Ã[˝”„SÃ[˝ =„Å„`Ó, ÂV[˝TˆÁ„VÃ[˝ =„Å„`Ó [˝ c˜d a„TˆÓÃ[˝ =„Å„`Ó ^p˚
EıÃ[˝* %◊G¬! ÂacÕ aTˆÓ ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝cÕ ◊X„LÃ[˝ G c˜, ÂacÕ _l˘Óÿöˆ„_ ^p˚„Eı Y“◊Tˆ◊úˆTˆ
EıÃ[˝* (5)
Y“U] ]â¯_ --- a…N˛ 113

a[[˝Ô„LÓÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó Â^ Ê`“úˆ ÂLÓÁ◊Tˆ ÂacÕcÕ %ÁL %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ a∂ˆÇ«„F =Y◊ÿöˆTˆ*
ÂVF a[[˝Ô[˝ÓÁY› ◊[˝◊ªJÙyp˚ÁX]Ã^ Â[˝ÁW˝Ã[˝÷„Y TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ LXΩ! Ã[˝Áy›C ◊[˝`üÿÉˆrÙÁ aTˆÓÁ±¡ÁÃ[˝
X◊≥VX›, ◊Tˆ◊XC ÿÉˆrÙÁÃ[˝ a rÙÓUÔ a rÙÁ, Ã[˝Áy› =bÁ„Eı G„\ˆ¤ [˝c˜X Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ◊ªK˜„_X, AFX
G\ˆ¤ `…XÓ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ÂacÕ ÂLÓÁ◊Tˆ„Eı LXΩ ◊VÃ^Á ◊GÃ^Á‰ªK˜X* (1)
Ã[˝N˛Á\ˆ-[˝da-^«N˛Á Ã[˝N˛Á\ˆ-„`üTˆ[˝SÔÁ %Á„_ÁEı„V[˝› =Y◊ÿöˆTˆ, E ıb’[˝SÔÁ Tˆ„]Á-
Ã[˝÷◊YS› Ã[˝Áy›cÕ L›„[˝Ã[˝ AcÕ aEı_ XÁXÁÃ[˝÷Y G c˜„Eı TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ L„XÓ ]«N˛ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á
ªJÙ◊_Ã^Á‰ªK˜X* AcÕ Ã[˝Áy›C AcÕ =bÁÃ[˝ AEıcÕ ÊY“]]Ã^ [˝µ«˘, V«cÕLXcÕ %] Tˆ±ºˆ-Y…SÔ,
V«c˜LO XcÕ YÃ[˝&„Ã[˝ %X«Eı… _]XÁ* AcÕ Â^ Y ◊U[˝› C V«Ó„_ÁEı [˝Á◊c˜„[Ã ˝ ◊\ˆTˆ„[Ã ˝ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝
Âl˘y, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ◊VEıaEı_ ◊X◊∏JÙTˆ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ V«cÕLXcÕ ◊[˝ªJÙÃ[˝S Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜X* (2)
V«cÕ \ˆ◊GX›Ã[˝ AEıcÕ %X‹ôˆYU, ÂV[˝„VÃ[˝ ◊`bÓÁ V«cÕ \ˆ◊GX› ÿëˆTˆ‹óˆ\ˆÁ„[˝ ÂacÕ
Y„U ◊[˝ªJÙÃ[˝S Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜X* ◊]„`XC XÁ, YÃ[˝&„Ã[˝Ã[˝ =YÃ[˝ VÁX[˝bÔS Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ
Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ Y„U UÁ„]XC XÁ* Ã[˝Áy› C =bÁÃ[˝ AEıcÕ ]X, Ã[˝÷Y]Áy ◊[˝◊\ˆ~* (3)
aTˆÓY„U ◊^◊X %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ V›◊ä]Ã^› ÂXy›, ◊Tˆ◊XcÕ AFX aTˆÓ aEı_„Eı ◊ªJÙ„w¯
=‡ˆÁ◊aTˆ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜X* ÂVF, EıTˆ ◊[˝◊ªJÙy %GÔ_[˝à˘ •ÁÃ[˝ =VÀHÁ◊ªRÙOTˆ c˜cÕ_* V`◊V„Eı
LG„Tˆ[Ã ˝ a·¯›SÔ Y◊Ã[˝◊W˝aEı_ ÂV[˝TˆÁ %ÁG_Ác˜^ÃO Á ◊VÃ^Á‰ªK˜X, %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ Y“Á„S %ÁX„≥VÃ[˝
[˝ß±ºˆ Y“EıÁ◊`Tˆ* =bÁ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ LGd„l˘‰yÃ[˝ %[˝ÓN˛ XÁXÁ \«ˆ[˝X aEı_ Y“EıÁ`
Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X* (4)
Y«[Ã ˝”b LG„Tˆ[Ã ˝ AcÕ %X Tˆ]^Ã [˝y‘ Y„U £c˜^ÃO Á Y◊QÕˆ^Ã Á◊ªK˜„_X* Âc˜ Y…STÔ ˆÁVÁ◊Ã^X›
=bÁ T«ˆ◊]cÕ TˆÁc˜Á„Eı Eı∂ˆÇÔY„U, Â\ˆÁGY„U, ^p˚Y„U, %ÁX≥VY„U A„GÁ„Tˆ %Á‚º˜ÁX
EıÃ[˝* ^Ác˜ÁÃ[˝Á %îV`Ô„X a]UÔ C a‹ô«ˆrÙ ◊ªK˜_, TˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ ◊[˝`Á_V ◊rÙ_Á„\ˆÃ[˝ L„XÓ
T«ˆ◊] LGd„l˘‰yÃ[˝ XÁXÁ \«ˆ[˝X TˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ a∂ˆÇ«„F Y“EıÁ` Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^ÁªK˜* (5)
T«ˆ◊]cÕ l˘y„TˆL, T«ˆ◊]cÕ ◊V[˝Óp˚ÁX`◊N˛, T«ˆ◊]cÕ ]c˜Tˆ› ÊY“Ã[˝SÁ, T«ˆ◊]cÕ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝
Âl˘y C YU, T«ˆ◊]cÕ ÂacÕ Y„U ªJÙ_X`◊N˛* L›[˝„XÃ[˝ ^Tˆ AEıÁ±¡ XÁXÁÃ[˝÷Y
◊[˝EıÁ` C y‘›QÕˆÁ ÂVFÁcÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ L„XÓ =bÁ„V[˝› LGd„l˘‰yÃ[˝ XÁXÁ \«ˆ[˝X Y“EıÁ`
Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X* (6)
AcÕ ÂVF ÿëˆ„GÔÃ[˝ V«◊c˜TˆÁ a+…SÔ Y“\ˆÁTˆ c˜cÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜X, %Á„_ÁEı[˝aXÁ ^«[˝Tˆ› ÂVFÁ
◊VÃ^Á‰ªK˜X* Âc˜ Y…S„Ô \ˆÁG]Ã^› =bÁ, %Á◊LcÕ AcÕ ]wÔ¯Ó„_Á„Eı Y ◊U[˝›[Ã ˝ a]ÿôˆ B`ü„^ÔÓ[Ã ˝
<`üÃ[˝›Ã[˝÷„Y ◊X„L„Eı Y“EıÁ` EıÃ[˝* (7)
@„GüV 369
^gÁc˜Á[Ã ˝Á %‰G– Jª Ù◊_Ã^Á ◊GÃ^Á‰ªK˜X, TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ G‹ôˆ[˝Óÿöˆ„_ c˜◊O XC %X«a[Ã ˝S Eı◊[Ã ˝„Tˆ‰Kª ˜X;
^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á ◊XTˆÓcÕ ◊XTˆÓ ÊÿÉˆÁ„Tˆ %Á◊a„[˝X, TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ cÕ◊XcÕ Y“U]Á C %G–GÁ◊]X›*
Â^cÕ L›◊[˝Tˆ, TgˆÁc˜Á„Eı %Á„Ã[˝Ác˜S ]Á„GÔ T«ˆ◊_Ã^Á ^ÁcÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜X* ◊[˝`üY“Á„S ÂEı ] Tˆ
c˜cÕÃ^Á Y◊QÕˆÃ^Á◊ªK˜_, TˆÁc˜Á„EıC LÁGÁcÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜X* (8)
=bÁ, T«ˆ◊] Â^ [˝_„V[˝TˆÁ %◊G¬„Eı Y…SÔV›◊ä _Á„\ˆÃ[˝ a]UÔ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^ÁªK˜, T«ˆ◊] Â^
aTˆÓÁ±¡Á a…„^ÔÓÃ[˝ aTˆÓV ◊rÙ•ÁÃ[˝Á AcÕ a]ÿôˆ„Eı Y“EıÁ` Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^ÁªK˜, T«ˆ◊] ◊[˝`ü^p˚Á„UÔ
]ÁX[˝„Eı Tˆ]f c˜cÕ„Tˆ %Á„_Á„Eı %ÁXÃ^X Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^ÁªK˜* ÂV[˝TˆÁ„VÃ[˝ [˝–„Tˆ cÕc˜ÁcÕ ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝
%ÁX≥VVÁÃÊı Eı∂ˆÇÔ* (9)
p˚Á„XÃ[˝ ◊Eı cÕÃ^w¯Á, Y“EıÁ„`Ã[˝ ◊Eı ◊[˝`Á_TˆÁ, ^FX Â^ aEı_ =bÁ %Á„G
Y“\ˆÁTˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜ %ÁÃ[˝ ^Ác˜ÁÃ[˝Á AFX Y“\ˆÁTˆ c˜cÕ„Tˆ %Á◊a„Tˆ‰ªK˜ TˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ a„Ü
%VÓEıÁÃ[˝ =bÁÃ[˝÷Y ◊[˝`ü]Ã^ p˚Á„XÁ„XΩb AEıV›◊ä c˜cÕÃ^Á ^ÁÃ^* Y“ÁªJÙ›X Y“\ˆÁTˆ aEı_
AcÕ Y“\ˆÁTˆ„Eı EıÁ]XÁ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜_, TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ %Á„_Á„Eı cÕ◊X %Á„_Á◊EıTˆ* AFX
W˝ÓÁXÿöˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á \ˆÁ[˝› =bÁ aEı„_Ã[˝ a„Ü ◊]◊_Tˆ C AEı◊ªJÙw¯ c˜cÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ ]ÁX„a ÂacÕ
%Á„_ÁEı \ˆ◊[˝bÓ„TˆÃ[˝ ◊V„Eı [˝ÁQÕˆÁcÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜X* (10)
T ˆTˆ›Ã^ ]â¯_ --- a…N˛ 46

]…_
^«W˝À]aÓ ÂTˆ [˝ b\âÓ ÿëˆÃ[˝ÁL =G–aÓ ^…Xf ÿöˆ◊[˝Ã[˝aÓ H „bùf*
%L«^Ô„TˆÁ [˝◊q„SÁ [˝›^ÔÁS›≥V– `“”TâÓ ]c˜„TˆÁ ]c˜Á◊X**1**
]cg˜Á %◊a ]◊c˜b [˝ „b’Ó◊\ˆW˝ÔX& V«G– ac˜]Á„XÁ %XÓÁXÀ*
A„EıÁ ◊[˝`üaÓ \«ˆ[˝XaÓ Ã[˝ÁLÁ a Â^ÁW˝Ã^Á ªJÙ l˘Ã^Ã^Á ªJÙ LXÁXÀ**2**
Y“ ]ÁyÁ\ˆ› ◊Ã[˝◊Ã[˝‰ªJÙ ÂÃ[˝ÁªJÙ]ÁXf Y“ ÂV„[˝◊\ˆ◊[˝Ô`ü„TˆÁ %Y“Tˆ›Tˆf*
Y“ ]LÀ]XÁ ◊V[˝ cÕ≥V–f Y ◊U[˝ÓÁf ÊY“Á„Ã[˝Á]Ô„c˜Á %‹ôˆ◊Ã[˝l˘ÁV L›b›**3**
=Ã[˝”e G\ˆ›Ã[˝e LX«bÁ\«ˆÓG–e ◊[˝`ü[˝ÓªJÙa][˝Tê ]Tˆ›XÁ]*
cÕ≥V–e ÂaÁ]Áaf Y“◊V◊[˝ a«TˆÁaf a]«V–e X ÿÉˆ[˝Tˆ %Á ◊[˝`◊‹ôˆ**4**
ê ÂaÁ]◊]≥V– Y ◊U[˝›VÓÁ[˝Á G\ˆ¤e X ]ÁTˆÁ ◊[˝\ ˆTˆÿôˆùÁÃ^Á*
Tê ÂTˆ ◊c˜Xü◊‹ôˆ Tˆ]« ÂTˆ ] L‹ôˆÓW[˝^Ô„[˝Á [˝ b\ˆ YÁTˆ[˝Á =**5**
%X«[˝ÁV
Â^ ÂV[˝TˆÁ Y«Ã[˝”b Â^Áà˘Á CLÿëˆ› ÿëˆÃ[˝Á„LÓÃ[˝ ÿëˆÃ[˝ÁªRÙO, Â^ ÂV[˝TˆÁ ◊XTˆÓ^«[˝Á ◊ÿöˆÃ[˝-
`N˛ Y“FÃ[˝V›◊äÃ[˝÷Y C %l˘Ã^, %◊Tˆ ]c˜d ÂacÕ `“”◊TˆW˝Ã[˝ [˝qW˝Ã[˝ cÕ≥V–, %◊Tˆ ]c˜d
TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ [˝›Ã[˝Eı∂ˆÇÔ aEı_* (1)
Âc˜ ◊[˝Ã[˝ÁªRÙO, Âc˜ CLÿëˆ›, ]c˜ÁX T«ˆ◊], ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ ◊[˝ÿôˆÁÃ[˝-`◊N˛Ã[˝ Eı∂ˆÇÔ •ÁÃ[˝Á T«ˆ◊]
%ÁÃ[˝ aEı„_Ã[˝ =YÃ[˝ ÂLÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á TˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ ◊XEıªRÙO %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ %◊\ˆ_◊bTˆ W˝X
[˝Á◊c˜Ã[˝ EıÃ[˝* T«ˆ◊] AEı, a]ÿôˆ LG„Tˆ ^Ác˜Á ^Ác˜Á V rÙ c˜Ã^ TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Ã[˝ÁLÁ, ]ÁX«b„Eı
^«„à˘ ÊY“Ã[˝SÁ ◊V„Ã^Á, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ÂLTˆ[˝Ó ◊ÿöˆÃ[˝W˝Á„] TˆÁc˜Á„Eı ÿöˆÁYX Eı„Ã[˝Á* (2)
cÕ≥V– V›◊äÃ[˝÷„Y Y“EıÁ` c˜cÕÃ^Á LG„TˆÃ[˝ ]ÁyÁ aEı_ %◊Tˆy‘] Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ^ÁX,
ÂV[˝„VÃ[˝C aEı_ ◊V„Eı %X‹ôˆ\ˆÁ„[˝ %◊Tˆy‘] Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á aEı„_Ã[˝ %G]Ó c˜X* a„[˝„G
@L«GÁ]› AcÕ `◊N˛W˝Ã[˝ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ CL◊ÿëˆTˆÁÃ^ ]„XÁLGTˆ, =Ã[˝” \…ˆ„_ÁEı A[˝e ]c˜ÁX
Y“ÁSLGdÂEı %◊Tˆy‘] Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ^ÁX* (3)
AcÕ ◊[˝ÿô ˆTˆ C G\ˆ›Ã[˝, AcÕ LXΩTˆf =G– C CLÿëˆ›, AcÕ a[[˝Ô◊[˝EıÁÈı a[[˝Ô-
◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ-W˝ÁÃ[˝Eı cÕ≥V–Ã[˝÷Y a]«‰V– LG„TˆÃ[˝ %ÁX≥V-]VÓEıÃ[˝ Ã[˝aY“[˝Ác˜ aEı_ ]„XÁ„_Á„EıÃ[˝
]«„F %◊\ˆ[˝ÓN˛ c˜cÕÃ^Á ÊÿÉˆÁTˆ◊ÿëˆX› XV›Ã[˝ ]Tˆ Y“„[˝` Eı„Ã[˝* (4)
Âc˜ `◊N˛W˝Ã[˝, AcÕ ÂacÕ %ÁX≥V-]◊VÃ[˝Á ]„XÁ„_ÁEı C \…ˆ„_ÁEı ]ÁTˆÁ Â^]X
%LÁTˆ ◊`£„Eı W˝ÁÃ[˝S Eı„Ã[˝, ÂacÕÃ[˝÷„Y ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝cÕ EıÁ]XÁÃ^ W˝ÁÃ[˝S Eı„Ã[˝* %W[˝„Ã[˝Ã[˝
%W[˝^«ÔÓ ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝cÕ L„XÓ Âc˜ [˝ b\ˆ, ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝cÕ YÁXÁ„UÔ ÂacÕ %ÁX≥VY“[˝Ác˜„Eı W˝Á◊[˝Tˆ
Eı„Ã[˝, ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝cÕ L„XÓ ÂacÕ %ÁX≥V„Eı ]Á◊#¤Tˆ Eı„Ã[˝* (5)
ªJÙT«ÛÔ ]â¯_ --- a…N˛ 1

Âc˜ Tˆ„YÁ„V[˝TˆÁ %◊G¬, ÂTˆÁ]Á„EıcÕ AEıY“ÁS ÂV[˝[˝ ≥V =¨JÙÁ`Ã^ Eı∂ˆÇÔW˝Ã[˝Ã[˝÷„Y
]ÁX„[˝[Ã ˝ %‹ôˆ„[Ã ˝ ÊY“[Ã ˝S Eı◊[Ã ˝^Ã Á‰ªK˜X, ◊ªJÙXΩÃ^ ◊y‘Ã^Á`◊N˛Ã[˝ %Á„[˝„` ÊY“[Ã ˝S Eı◊[Ã ˝^Ã Á‰ªK˜X*
Âc˜ ^p˚EıÁ◊Ã[˝XÀ, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ÁcÕ ]wÔ¯Ó ]ÁX„[˝Ã[˝ %‹ôˆ„Ã[˝ %]Ã[˝ ÂV[˝TˆÁ„Eı LXΩÁcÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜X*
^Ác˜ÁÃ[˝ Y“p˚Á[˝„_ ]ÁX„[˝ ÂV[˝TˆÁ Y“EıÁ◊`Tˆ, Â^ ◊[˝`ü]„Ã^Ã[˝ p˚ÁXaá˚ÁÃ[˝„S ÂV[˝TˆÁ
]ÁX„[˝ ◊[˝Eı◊`Tˆ, LXΩÁcÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜X TgˆÁc˜Á„Eı ÂV[˝[˝ ≥V* (1)
Âc˜ TˆYf-%◊G¬, ÂacÕ T«ˆ◊] %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ }ÁTˆÁ [˝Ã[˝”S„Eı, ^p˚ÁX≥V [˝ c˜w¯]
%X‹ôˆ[˝ÓÁY›„Eı Y„U Y“[˝◊wÔ¯Tˆ EıÃ[˝, ]„XÃ[˝ a«]◊Tˆ„Tˆ ÂV[˝W˝Á] =„Å„`Ó ]ÁX„[˝Ã[˝
%Á„Ã[˝Ác˜S aÁ◊W˝Tˆ EıÃ[˝* (2)
@„GüV 371
Âc˜ Eı∂ˆÇÔ◊XπYÁVEı aFÁ, Â^X [˝Á %`ü^«G_, Â^X Â[˝G[˝ÁX %`ü^«G_ `›H–GÁ]›
Ã[˝UªJÙy‘„Eı YUW˝Á[˝„X Y“[˝◊wÔ¯Tˆ Eı„Ã[˝, ÂacÕÃ[˝÷„Y %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ^ÁyÁ„UÔ AcÕ aFÁ„Eı
Y“[˝◊wÔ¯Tˆ EıÃ[˝* [˝Ã[˝”S aÜ›, a[[˝Ô„LÓÁ◊Tˆ-Y“EıÁ` ]Ã[˝”VÀGS aÜ›, Fg«◊LÃ^Á _C YÃ[˝]
a«F* Âc˜ Zı_VÁ◊Ã^XÀ! Y◊[˝y LùÁ_ÁÃ^ V›ä TˆYf-%◊G¬! Â^Áà˘ÁÃ[˝ YU‰Y“Ã[˝SÁ Y…Ã[˝„S
%Á±¡Y«yÃ[˝÷Y ÂV[˝TˆÁ a L„X Â^ a«F`Á◊‹ôˆ %‹ôˆ„Ã[˝ Âa GPˆX EıÃ[˝* (3)
[˝Ã[˝”S ^FX y«‘à˘, p˚ÁX› T«ˆ◊] TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ =à˘Tˆ Y“c˜ÁÃ[˝„Eı %YaÁ◊Ã[˝Tˆ EıÃ[˝* ^„p˚
a]UÔ, Eı∂ˆÇÔW˝ÁÃ[˝„S [˝_[˝ÁX, Y◊[˝y V›◊ä Y“EıÁ„` Y“Á„S %£\ˆ ÂaXÁÃ[˝ ◊[˝VÁÃ[˝Eı
&`Ô„Eı V…Ã[˝ EıÃ[˝* (4)
%Á]Á„VÃ[˝ AcÕ =bÁÃ^, AcÕ p˚Á„XÁV„Ã^ ◊X∂oˆTˆ] YÁ◊UÔ[˝\«ˆ[˝„X XÁ◊]Ã^Á ]ÁX„[˝Ã[˝
%◊Tˆ ◊XEıRª ÙO aÜ› c˜c˜^ÃO Á TˆYf-%◊G¬[Ã ˝ %ÁX≥V Â^X [˝[Ã ˝”„SÃ[˝ G–Áa Kª ˜ÁQÕˆÁc˜^ÃO Á a«F`Á◊‹ôˆ„Tˆ
Yßg◊ªJÙÃ^Á Y“◊Tˆ◊úˆTˆ c˜Ã^* a[[˝ÔVÁ %Á‚º˜ÁX £◊XÃ^Á a±ºˆ„Ã[˝ Aa c˜÷V„Ã^ TˆYf-%◊G¬*(5)
]wÔ¯ÓG„S AcÕ a«F„\ˆÁG› ÂV[˝TˆÁ[Ã ˝ V`ÔX Ê`“úˆ ◊ªJÙyTˆ] C & c˜S›Ã^ Â^X %◊[˝XÁ`Ó
◊[˝`üW˝Áy› LG„à˘X«Ã[˝ VÁX-‰ÿÉˆÁTˆ, Â^X TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ÿëˆ¨K˜ a«Tˆä H Tˆ l˘◊Ã[˝Tˆ c˜cÕ_* (6)
AcÕ %◊G¬Ã[˝ ◊TˆXªRÙO› YÃ[˝] LXΩ %Á‰ªK˜, ◊TˆXªRÙO›cÕ aTˆÓ]Ã^, ◊TˆXªRÙO›cÕ & c˜S›Ã^*
ÂacÕ ◊≈y◊[˝W˝Ã[˝÷„Y %X„‹ôˆÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó ◊[˝`ü[˝ÓÁY› aá˚Ã[˝„S Y“EıÁ◊`Tˆ %X‹ôˆ %◊G¬ aÁ„‹ôˆ
%Á◊aÃ^Á‰ªK˜X* Y◊[˝y £} %Á^ÔÓEı∂ˆÇÔÁ, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ V›◊ä Y“Eı◊ªRÙOTˆ c˜cÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜* (7)
%◊G¬ V…Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á ]ÁX[˝Á±¡ÁÃ[˝ [˝Áa\ˆ[˝XÃ[˝÷Y a[[˝Ô \«ˆ[˝„X ◊XL EıÁ]XÁ Y“aÁÃ[˝
Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜X, a[[˝Ô\«ˆ[˝„X Âc˜ÁTˆÁ ÂLÓÁ◊Tˆ∂ˆÇÔÃ^ Ã[˝„U aá˚Ã[˝S Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á %ÁX≥V]Ã^ ◊L‚º˜ÁÃ^
a[[˝Ô[˝ÿô«ˆ Â\ˆÁG Eı„Ã[˝X* TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ %`ü Ã[˝N˛[˝SÔ, [˝Y«Ã[˝ ]c˜d %Á„_ÁEı a[[˝Ôy ◊[˝ÿôˆÁ◊Ã[˝Tˆ,
a[[˝ÔVÁ ◊Tˆ◊X %ÁX≥V]Ã^ Â^X Â\ˆÁGÓ[˝ÿô«ˆ Y…SÔ a\ˆÁG c˜* (8)
cÕ◊XcÕ ]ÁX«b„Eı p˚Á„X LÁG–Tˆ Eı„Ã[˝X, cÕ◊XcÕ ]ÁX[˝^„p˚Ã[˝ G–◊‹öˆ, Â^X V›HÔ Ã[˝#«
TgˆÁc˜Á„Eı %G–aÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á _cÕÃ^Á ^ÁÃ^, %Á±¡ÁÃ[˝ AcÕ •ÁÃ[˝^«N˛ XÁXÁ [˝ÁaG „c˜ TˆYf-
%◊G¬ ◊a◊à˘Ã[˝ aÁW˝„X Ã[˝Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á [˝Áa Eı„Ã[˝X* ÂV[˝TˆÁ ]wÔ¯Ó ]ÁX„[˝Ã[˝ aÁW˝„XÃ[˝
=YÁÃ^ÿëˆÃ[˝÷Y c˜cÕ‰ªTˆ ÿëˆ›E ıTˆ* (9)
aä] ]â¯_ --- a…N˛ 70

Âc˜ %`ü›•Ã^ ^Ác˜Á ^Ác˜Á [˝Ã[˝S›Ã^, ÂTˆÁ]Ã[˝ÁcÕ TˆÁc˜Á VÁX EıÃ[˝! Aa, ÂTˆÁ]Á„VÃ[˝
Âa ÿëˆGÔ Y ◊U[˝›„TˆcÕ [˝ÓN˛ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜* L›[˝„XÃ[˝ %`ü a«F]Ã^ Y rÙ c˜cÕÃ^Á ÂacÕ ÿöˆÁ„X
Y“[˝ rÙ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜, ÂacÕ ÿöˆÁX ÂTˆÁ]Á„VÃ[˝ LXΩ C %Á`“Ã^ÿöˆÁX ÂacÕ ÿöˆÁ„X ÂTˆÁ]Ã[˝Á W˝–”[˝
◊ÿöˆ◊TˆÃ[˝ L„XÓ %Á„Ã[˝Ác˜S EıÃ[˝* (1)

CcÕ ÂacÕ ÂTˆÁ]Á„VÃ[˝ %ÁX≥V]Ã^› a«]◊Tˆ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ V ªRÕÙ\ˆÁ„[˝ %Á◊_ÜX Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜,
]ÁX«„bÃ[˝ AcÕ [˝ß•ÁÃ[˝^«N˛ Y«„Ã[˝ ]„XÃ[˝ ÿëˆ¨K˜ TˆYf Tˆä c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜* ÂacÕcÕ `◊N˛
a«^«N˛ Â`üTˆ◊EıÃ[˝S]Ã^ %`ü•Ã^ Ã[˝÷Y W˝ÁÃ[˝S Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ Ã[˝„U Â^Á◊LTˆ c˜Ã^*
a]«V–aEı_, XV›aEı_ YÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ÂVÃ^* (2)
aä] ]â¯_ --- a…N˛ 77
=bÁ‰ÿôˆÁy
TˆÃ[˝”S ÊY“Ãâ› =bÁÃ[˝ V›◊ä]Ã^ ÂVc˜ Y“EıÁ` c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜, ◊[˝`ü]Ã^ L›[˝X„Eı
=„Å`ÓY„U ÊY“Ã[˝SÁ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X =bÁ* Tˆ„YÁ„V[˝ %◊G¬ ]X«„bÓÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó Lù◊_„Tˆ
L◊XΩÃ^Á‰ªK˜* =bÁ a[[˝ÔÃ[˝÷Y %µ˘EıÁÃ[˝ ÊPˆ◊_Ã^Á ÂLÓÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ a L„X E ıTˆÁUÔ*
]c˜d ◊[˝ÿôˆÁÃ[˝, ◊X◊F„_Ã[˝ ◊V„Eı a∂ˆÇ«F V ◊rÙ L◊X =◊PˆÃ^Á‰ªK˜X* Y◊Ã[˝W˝ÁX %Á„_ÁEı-
[˝ÿóˆ Y◊Ã[˝Ã^Á £zı-Tˆ„√º¯Ã[˝ Â`üTÊıÁÃ^ Y“EıÁ` EıÃ[˝ÁX ÂV[˝›* TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ [˝SÔ ÿëˆ„GÔÃ[˝ ÂaÁXÁ,
TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ V`ÔX Y…SÔV ◊rÙ ÿëˆÃ[˝÷Y, p˚Á„XÃ[˝ Ã[˝◊`Ω^…„UÃ[˝ ]ÁTˆÁ, p˚Á„XÃ[˝ ◊V[˝„aÃ[˝ ÂXy›,
TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ %Á„_ÁEı]Ã^ ÂVc˜ Y“EıÁ` c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜*
ÂV[˝TˆÁ„VÃ[˝ ªJÙl«˘ a…^ÔÓ„Eı Â\ˆÁG]Ã^› [˝c˜X Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ, ÂacÕ V ◊rÙ◊aà˘ Â`üTˆ Y“ÁS-
%`ü„Eı %ÁXÃ^X Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ, a„TˆÓÃ[˝ ◊EıÃ[˝„S a«[˝ÓN˛, ÂVFÁ ◊VÃ^Á‰ªK˜X ÂV[˝› =bÁ* ÂV◊F
XÁXÁ ÈV[˝ B`ü^ÔÓ, ÂV◊F ◊X◊F„_Ã[˝ ]„W˝Ó aê…ˆTˆÁ a[[˝Ôy ÂacÕcÕ %Á„_ÁEı]Ã^›*
^Ác˜ÁcÕ %ÁX≥V]Ã^ TˆÁc˜Á %‹ôˆ„Ã[˝, ^Ác˜ÁcÕ ]X«„bÓÃ[˝ `y” TˆÁc˜Á V…„Ã[˝, AcÕÃ[˝÷Y
ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ Y“\ˆÁTˆ ªJÙÁcÕ* GPˆX EıÃ[˝ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ aTˆÓV›◊äÃ[˝ %a›] ÂGÁªJÙÁÃ[˝S, GPˆX EıÃ[˝
%Á]Á„VÃ[˝ \ˆÃ^`…XÓ %ÁX≥V\…ˆ◊]* ^Ác˜Á È•Tˆ C Â•b]Ã^ TˆÁc˜Á V…Ã[˝ EıÃ[˝, ]X«bÓ-
%Á±¡ÁÃ[˝ ^Tˆ W˝X [˝◊c˜Ã^Á Aa* Âc˜ B`ü^ÔÓ]Ã^›, %ÁX≥V B`ü^ÔÓ ÊY“Ã[˝S EıÃ[˝ L›[˝„X*
ÂV[˝› =bÁ, ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ Â^ Ê`“úˆ V›◊äÃ[˝ y‘›QÕˆÁ, TˆÁc˜Á _cÕÃ^Á %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ %‹ôˆ„Ã[˝
◊[˝Eı◊`Tˆ c˜C, AcÕ ÂVc˜›Ã[˝ L›[˝X ◊[˝ÿôˆÁ◊Ã[˝Tˆ EıÃ[˝* Âc˜ a[[˝ÔÁX≥V]Ã^›, ◊ÿöˆÃ[˝ ÊY“Ã[˝SÁ
VÁC, VÁC ÂacÕ B`ü^ÔÓ Â^FÁ„X a„TˆÓÃ[˝ ◊EıÃ[˝S]Ã^ GÁ\ˆ›cÕ W˝X, Â^FÁ„X L›[˝„XÃ[˝
ÂacÕ %X‹ôˆGÁ]› Ã[˝U C %`ü*
@„GüV 373
ÂacÕ W˝„X W˝X› [˝◊`úˆ %Á]Ã[˝Á, --- Âc˜ a«LÁTˆÁ, Âc˜ ÿëˆGÔX◊≥VX›, ^FX ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ‰ÿÉˆÁ„Tˆ
ÂTˆÁ]Á„Eı [˝◊à˘¤Tˆ Eı◊Ã[˝, T«ˆ◊]C %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ %‹ôˆ„Ã[˝ W˝ÁÃ[˝S EıÃ[˝ _ç˘ p˚ÁX [˝ c˜d ÂacÕ
%ÁX≥VÃ[˝Á◊`*
X[˝] ]â¯_ --- a…N˛ 1

ÂV[˝]X cÕ‰≥V–Ã[˝ YÁXÁ„UÔ %◊\ˆb«Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á ÿëˆÁV«Tˆ] ]ÁVEıTˆ] W˝ÁÃ[˝ÁÃ^ [˝◊c˜Ã^Á ^ÁC,
ÂaÁ]„V[˝* (1)
Y“◊Tˆ„[Ã ˝ÁW˝› [Ã ˝Ál˘„aÃ[˝ c˜‹ˆô Á a[[˝EÔ ı∂ˆÇÁÔ `◊N˛W˝[Ã ˝ p˚ÁX◊[˝VÓ« d-Y“c˜÷Tˆ LXΩÿöˆÁX c˜c˜„O Tˆ
cÕ◊≥V–Ã^-%ÁW˝Á„Ã[˝ ªRÙÁ_Á c˜cÕÃ^Á ◊a◊à˘ÿöˆÁ„X %Áa›X c˜=Eı* (2)
[˝ ‰yÃ[˝ c˜XXEıÁÃ[˝›, Tˆ[˝ W˝„XÃ[˝ ]«N˛c˜ÿôˆ VÁTˆÁ T«ˆ◊], YÃ[˝] a«„FÃ[˝ ◊[˝W˝ÁTˆÁ c˜C,
B`ü^ÔÓ`Á_› ÂV[˝TˆÁ„VÃ[˝ B`ü^ÔÓa«F %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ◊XEıªRÙO YÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á _cÕÃ^Á Aa* (3)
Tˆ[˝ %ÁX≥VaÁ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ [˝„_ ]c˜d ÂV[˝TˆÁ aEı„_Ã[˝ LXΩ ◊V„Tˆ, B`ü^ÔÓY…SÔTˆÁ aTˆÓ-
`“”◊TˆÃ[˝ Y…SÔTˆÁ a ◊rÙ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ ^ÁyÁ EıÃ[˝* (4)
ÂacÕ ÂV[˝LXΩcÕ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ G‹ôˆ[˝Óÿöˆ_, TˆÁc˜Á[Ã ˝cÕ =„Å„`Ó ◊VX◊VX %Á]Ã[˝Á Eı∂ˆÇYÔ „U
%G–a[Ã ˝ c˜c˜*O Âc˜ %ÁX≥VVÁTˆÁ, ÂTˆÁ]Á„TˆcÕ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ aTˆÓ„VÓÁTÊı =◊N˛aEı_ Y“EıÁ◊`Tˆ
c˜Ã^* (5)
p˚ÁX]Ã^ a…^ÔÓ„V„[˝Ã[˝ V«◊c˜TˆÁ ]XY◊[˝‰yÃ[˝ %◊[˝◊¨K˜~ ◊[˝ÿôˆ Á„Ã[˝ ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ Ã[˝a G–c˜S
Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á Y…Tˆ Eı„Ã[˝X* (6)
Â^ ]ÁXa„_ÁEı %Á]Ã[˝Á YÁÃ[˝ c˜cÕ[˝, ÂacÕ V«Ó„_Á„Eı ]„XÃ[˝ a…©ø`◊N˛ Eı∂ˆÇÔY“Ã^Á„a
AcÕ ÂV[˝TˆÁ„Eı W˝„[Ã ˝* TˆÁc˜Á[Ã ˝Á V`ªRÙ›O \ˆ◊GX›, ÂV[˝TˆÁ[Ã ˝ V`ªRÙ›O Â\ˆÁLÓÁ [Ã ˝]S›ÿëˆ[Ã ˝÷Y*(7)
AcÕ ÂV[˝TˆÁ„Eı %G–GÁ◊]X› `◊N˛aEı_ YUW˝Á[˝„X Jª ÙÁ_Ác˜^ÃO Á ÂVÃ^, TgˆÁc˜Á[Ã ˝ %ÁW˝Á[Ã ˝-
YÁy„Eı a`„å \ˆ◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ÂVÃ^* ÂacÕ %ÁX≥V]◊VÃ[˝Á a[[˝Ô[˝ÓÁY›, ◊TˆX YÃ[˝] Tˆ„√º¯
◊X◊∂ˆÇÔTˆ* (8)
ÂV[˝]X cÕ‰≥V–Ã[˝ YÁXÁ„UÔ ÿëˆ„GÔÃ[˝ %c˜XX›Ã^ ÂW˝X«GS AcÕ ◊`£ %ÁX≥V„Eı ÂLÓÁ◊Tˆ-
V«„Ñ˘ ◊]◊`“Tˆ Eı„Ã[˝* (9)
cÕc˜ÁÃ[˝cÕ ]w¯TˆÁÃ^ [˝›Ã[˝ ÂV[˝]X ^Tˆ ◊[˝„Ã[˝ÁW˝› VÁX[˝„Eı XÁ` Eı„Ã[˝ A[˝e ÿëˆ„GÔÃ[˝
Y“\…ˆTˆ W˝X Y“\…ˆTˆ VÁ„X ◊[˝TˆÃ[˝S Eı„Ã[˝* (10)
X[˝] ]â¯_ --- a…N˛ 2

ÂV[˝±ˆº LXΩÁc˜„O Tˆ ]XY◊[˝y„Eı %◊Tˆy‘] Eı◊Ã[˝^Ã Á a„[˝„G [˝◊c˜^Ã Á ^ÁC, ÂaÁ]„V[˝*
Âc˜ %ÁX≥V, ◊[˝`üW˝„XÃ[˝ [˝bÔSEıÁÃ[˝› c˜cÕÃ^Á ÂV[˝]X cÕ‰≥V–„Tˆ Y“„[˝` EıÃ[˝* (1)
Âc˜ %ÁX„≥VÃ[˝ ÂV[˝TˆÁ, %◊Tˆ`Ã^ ÂLÓÁ◊Tˆ^«ÔN˛ c˜C ◊[˝`üW˝„XÃ[˝ [˝bÔSEıÁÃ[˝› [˝ b\ˆ
T«ˆ◊], ]c˜d a«F„\ˆÁG %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ ◊[˝EıÁ` EıÃ[˝* ◊XLW˝Á„] %Áa›X c˜C,
◊[˝`üL›[˝X„Eı W˝ÁÃ[˝S EıÃ[˝* (2)
a«Tˆ c˜cÕ„_ AcÕ a[[˝Ô ◊[˝W˝ÁTˆÁÃ[˝ %ÁX≥VW˝ÁÃ[˝Á Y“›◊Tˆ]Ã^ ÿëˆGÔ]W˝« ÂVÁc˜X Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á
ÂVÃ^* cÕ¨K˜Á[˝„_ ◊aà˘ c˜cÕÃ^Á cÕ◊X ◊[˝`üY“[˝Ác˜„Eı [˝aXÿëˆÃ[˝÷Y Y◊Ã[˝W˝ÁX Eı◊Ã[˝„_X*(3)
ÂacÕ ]c˜Tˆ› ◊[˝`üY“[˝Ác˜Ã[˝÷Y ÿëˆGÔXV›aEı_ AcÕ ]c˜Á„XÃ[˝ ◊V„Eı W˝Á◊[˝Tˆ c˜Ã^ ^FX
ÂLÓÁ◊Tˆ^…„U %Á¨K˜Á◊VTˆ c˜cÕ„Tˆ ªJÙÁX* (4)
AcÕ Â^ %ÁX≥V-a]«V– V«Ó„_Á„EıÃ[˝ W˝ÁÃ[˝SEıÁÃ[˝› ◊\ˆ◊w¯ÿëˆÃ[˝÷Y, ÂacÕ Y“[˝Á„c˜ Âa
]XY◊[˝‰y Y◊Ã[˝]Á◊#¤Tˆ c˜Ã^, ]XY◊[˝‰y %ÁX≥V„V[˝ ]ÁX«b„Eı ªJÙÁÃ^* (5)
ÂLÓÁ◊Tˆ∂ˆÇÔÃ^ %ÁX≥V[˝ b\ˆ ß·¯ÁÃ[˝ ªK˜Á◊QÕˆÃ^Á‰ªK˜X* ]c˜ÁX Âa, ◊]‰yÃ[˝ ]„TˆÁ a[[˝ÔV`fi
p˚ÁXa…^ÔÓ ◊EıÃ[˝„S =Å›ä* (6)
Âc˜ %ÁX≥V„V[˝, ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ Eı„∂ˆÇÔ¨K«˜Eı =◊N˛aEı_ ]c˜Á[˝„_ Y…Tˆ C ]Á◊#¤Tˆ c˜Ã^
^FX T«ˆ◊] ]w¯TˆÁ ◊V„Tˆ ◊XL `Ã[˝›Ã[˝„Eı Â`Á\ˆ]ÁX EıÃ[˝* (7)
ÂacÕ ÂTˆLÿëˆ› ]w¯TˆÁÃ[˝ LXÓ %Á]Ã[˝Á ÂTˆÁ]Á„Eı ªJÙÁcÕ, %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ T«ˆ◊]
%◊Tˆ]ÁXa„_Á„EıÃ[˝ ÿÉˆrÙÁ, T«ˆ◊] ^Ác˜Á [˝ÓN˛ EıÃ[˝, a[˝cÕ ]c˜d* (8)
a«]W˝«Ã[˝ ]◊VÃ[˝ÁÃ[˝ W˝ÁÃ[˝ÁÃ^ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ L„XÓ ÂV[˝]X-%ÁEıÁIl˘› c˜cÕÃ^Á [˝bÔSEıÁÃ[˝›
Y#¤XÓ aÁ◊LÃ^Á W˝Á◊[˝Tˆ c˜C* (9)
Âc˜ %ÁX≥V„V[˝, T«ˆ◊] ÂacÕ Â_Á„EıÃ[˝ ÂLÓÁ◊Tˆ∂ˆÇÔÃ^ GÁ\ˆ›, %Á£ %`ü, [˝›Ã[˝ Â^Áà˘Á
Y«Ã[˝”b C Y…SÔ W˝X LÃ^ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á %ÁX, ÂaÁ]„V[˝, T«ˆ◊]cÕ ^„p˚Ã[˝ %Á◊V C YÃ[˝]
%Á±¡Á* (10)
X[˝] ]â¯_ --- a…N˛ 113

AcÕ a…„N˛ Eı`ÓY @◊b %]Ã[˝„±ºˆÃ[˝ Y“EıÁ`Ó %ÁX≥VÿëˆÃ[˝÷Y ÂaÁ]„V[˝„Eı %Á‚º˜ÁX
Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ÂacÕ ]c˜d ÂV[˝TˆÁÃ[˝ ÿôˆ[˝Y…[[˝ÔEı %]Ã[˝±ºˆ ^Á¶˙Á Eı◊Ã[˝„_X* a…„N˛Ã[˝ Tˆ√º¯
AcÕÃ[˝÷Y:
@„GüV 375
%ÁX≥V aÃ[˝a›„Tˆ ÂaÁ]Ã[˝a YÁX EıÃ[˝”X [˝ yc˜‹ôˆÁ cÕ≥V–, ÂaÁ]YÁ„X EıÃ[˝”X %Á±¡ÁÃ^
[˝_W˝ÁÃ[˝S, ÂaÁ]YÁ„X EıÃ[˝”X ]c˜d [˝›Ã[˝Eı„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ cÕ¨K˜Á* %ÁX≥V]Ã^! ◊[˝`Á_ Y“[˝Á„c˜
[˝◊c˜Ã^Á cÕ≥V–„Eı Y¿Á◊[˝Tˆ EıÃ[˝* (1)
%X‹ôˆ◊VEÀıY◊Tˆ a[[˝Ô[˝Ã[˝VÁ◊Ã^XÀ! @L«ªTˆÁÃ[˝ LXΩ\…ˆ◊] c˜cÕ„Tˆ %Á[˝c˜]ÁX Aa,
ÂaÁ]„V[˝! aTˆÓ[˝„_ aTˆÓ[˝ÁS›Ã[˝ G„\ˆ¤ `“à˘ÁÃ^ TˆYaÓÁÃ^ T«ˆ◊] a]«‡…ˆTˆ* ◊[˝`Á_
Y“[˝Á„c˜ [˝◊c˜Ã^Á cÕ≥V–„Eı Y¿Á◊[˝Tˆ EıÃ[˝* (2)
Y#¤„XÓÃ[˝ a[[˝ÔVÁ„X AcÕ ]c˜d ÂV[˝TˆÁ [˝◊à˘¤Tˆ, a…^ÔÓV«◊c˜TˆÁÃ[˝ a[[˝Ôp˚Á„X AcÕ
]c˜d ÂV[˝TˆÁ %ÁX›Tˆ, Gµ˘„[[˝ÔÃ[˝ Ã[˝aG–c˜„S AcÕ ]c˜d ÂV[˝TˆÁ G c˜›Tˆ, Gµ˘[[˝ÔG–c˜„S
ÂaÁ]Ã[˝„a Âa YÃ[˝]Ã[˝a ◊[˝◊c˜Tˆ* ◊[˝`Á_ Y“[˝Á„c˜ [˝◊c˜Ã^Á cÕ≥V–„Eı Y¿Á◊[˝Tˆ EıÃ[˝* (3)
aTˆÓ„LÓÁ◊Tˆ∂ˆÇÔÃ^ T«ˆ◊], [˝Á„EıÓ [˝ÓN˛ EıÃ[˝ aTˆÓW˝∂ˆÇÔ, aTˆÓEı∂ˆÇÔÁ T«ˆ◊], [˝ÓN˛ EıÃ[˝
aTˆÓaw¯Á, %ÁX„≥VÃ[˝ Ã[˝ÁLÁ ÂaÁ]„V[˝ T«ˆ◊], [˝Á„EıÓ [˝ÓN˛ EıÃ[˝ aTˆÓ`“à˘Á* W˝ÁTˆÁÃ[˝
c˜‰ÿôˆ ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ ◊X„Å¤Áb a ◊rÙ, ÂaÁ]„V[˝* ◊[˝`Á_ Y“[˝Á„c˜ [˝◊c˜Ã^Á cÕ≥V–„Eı Y¿Á◊[˝Tˆ
EıÃ[˝* (4)
◊[˝`Á_ =G– %ÁX„≥VÃ[˝ Y…SÔ XÁXÁ◊[˝W˝ Y“[˝Ác˜ aTˆÓaw¯ÁÃ^ aÜ] Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ W˝Á◊[˝Tˆ,
◊]_„X¨K˜ÁÃ^ Ã[˝a]„Ã^Ã[˝ %aeFÓ Ã[˝a YÃ[˝&„Ã[˝ Y◊QÕˆ„Tˆ‰ªK˜* c˜÷VÀGTˆ aTˆÓ]„‹óˆ T«ˆ◊]
Y…Tˆ, c˜÷VÀGTˆ aTˆÓ]„‹óˆ V«Ó◊Tˆ]ÁX, Âc˜ ÂV[˝TˆÁ! ◊[˝`Á_ Y“[˝Á„c˜ [˝◊c˜Ã^Á cÕ≥V–„Eı Y¿Á◊[˝Tˆ
EıÃ[˝* (5)
]„XÃ[˝ Â^ =¨JÙ ªJ…ÙQÕˆÁÃ^ ªK˜„≥VÃ[˝ G◊Tˆ„Tˆ ]‹óˆ V–rÙÁÃ[˝ ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ [˝Á„EıÓ =≤GTˆ, ÂacÕFÁ„X
ÂaÁ]◊XfaÁÃ[˝„S ÂaÁ]Ã[˝aY¿Á[˝„X %ÁX„≥VÃ[˝ a ◊rÙ, %ÁX„≥V ÿëˆGfiÃ^ ]◊c˜]Á* ◊[˝`Á_
Y“[˝Á„c˜ [˝◊c˜Ã^Á cÕ≥V–„Eı Y¿Á◊[˝Tˆ EıÃ[˝* (6)
Â^ W˝Á„] %◊[˝XÁ`Ó ÂLÓÁ◊Tˆ, Â^ W˝Á„] ÿëˆ„_ÔÁEı ◊X◊c˜Tˆ, Âc˜ %Á[˝c˜]ÁX ÂaÁ]„V[˝,
ÂacÕ W˝Á„] %Á]Á„Eı T«ˆ◊_Ã^Á, ÿöˆÁX VÁC %]Ã[˝ %l˘Ã^ Â_Á„Eı* ◊[˝`Á_ Y“[˝Á„c˜
[˝◊c˜Ã^Á cÕ≥V–„Eı Y¿Á◊[˝Tˆ EıÃ[˝* (7)
Â^ W˝Á„] a…^ÔÓTˆXÃ^ W˝∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ÁL Ã[˝ÁLÁ, Â^ W˝Á„] V«Ó„_Á„EıÃ[˝ %Á„Ã[˝Ác˜S›Ã^ aÁX«Ã[˝
ªJ…ÙQÕˆÁ, Â^ W˝Á„] Y“[˝_ ◊[˝`üXV› aEı„_Ã[˝ =da, ÂacÕ W˝Á„] %Á]Á„Eı %]Ã[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á
ÂTˆÁ_* ◊[˝`Á_ Y“[˝Á„c˜ [˝◊c˜Ã^Á cÕ≥V–„Eı Y¿Á◊[˝Tˆ EıÃ[˝* (8)
Â^ W˝Á„] ÿëˆ¨K˜≥V-◊[˝ªJÙÃ[˝S V«Ó„_Á„EıÃ[˝ ◊≈y◊V„[˝Ã[˝ ÿëˆ„_ÔÁ„EıÃ[˝ ◊≈yY«ªRÙO %ÁX≥VW˝Á„],
Â^ Â_Á„EıÃ[˝ %◊W˝[˝Áa› %Á±¡ÁGS ◊X∂ˆÇÔ_ ÂLÓÁ◊Tˆ∂ˆÇÔÃ^, ÂacÕ W˝Á„] %Á]Á„Eı %]Ã[˝
Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ÂTˆÁ_* ◊[˝`Á_ Y“[˝Á„c˜ [˝◊c˜Ã^Á cÕ≥V–„Eı Y¿Á◊[˝Tˆ EıÃ[˝* (9)
Â^ W˝Á„] EıÁ]XÁ %◊TÊıÁ]XÁÃ[˝ ◊Xf„`b Y“Á◊ä, Â^ W˝Á„] ]c˜d a„TˆÓÃ[˝ ◊X[˝Áa-
\…ˆ◊], Â^ W˝Á„] ÿëˆ\ˆÁ„[˝Ã[˝ aEı_ ÊY“Ã[˝SÁÃ[˝ T ˆ◊ä, ÿëˆY“E ı◊Tˆ Y…SÔ, ÂacÕ W˝Á„] %Á]Á„Eı
%]Ã[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ÂTˆÁ_* ◊[˝`Á_ Y“[˝Á„c˜ [˝◊c˜Ã^Á cÕ≥V–„Eı Y¿Á◊[˝Tˆ EıÃ[˝* (10)
Â^ W˝Á„] aEı_ %ÁX≥V aEı_ Y“„]ÁV, Â^ W˝Á„] aEı_ Y“›◊Tˆ aEı_ a«Fy‘›QÕˆÁ
◊ªJÙÃ[˝Tˆ„Ã[˝ %Áa›X, Â^ W˝Á„] EıÁ„]Ã[˝ a[[˝ÔEıÁ]XÁÃ[˝ ◊X„Å¤Áb a«FÁÿëˆÁVX, ÂacÕ W˝Á„]
%Á]Á„Eı %]Ã[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ÂTˆÁ_* ◊[˝`Á_ Y“[˝Á„c˜ [˝◊c˜Ã^Á cÕ≥V–„Eı Y¿Á◊[˝Tˆ EıÃ[˝* (11)
V`] ]â¯_ --- a…N˛ 10ª8

c˜÷V„Ã^ ◊Eı [˝ÁaXÁ, aÃ[˝„]? ÂEıX AcÕ ÂV„` %ÁG]X? V…[Ã ˝ ÂacÕ Y‹öˆÁ, YÃ[˝]`◊N˛„Tˆ
Y“EıÁ◊`Tˆ* %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ◊XEı‰ªRÙO ◊Eı %Á`Á, ◊Eı ÊY“Ã[˝SÁ? Y„U ◊Eı G\ˆ›Ã[˝ [˝ÁS›? %Tˆ_
Ã[˝aÁ-XV›Ã[˝ TˆÃ[˝Ü ÂEıÁX Ã[˝„Ü YÁÃ[˝ c˜cÕ◊_, aÃ[˝„]? (1)
cÕ‰≥V–Ã[˝ V…◊Tˆ %Á◊] cÕ‰≥V–Ã[˝ ÊY“Ã[˝SÁÃ^ ◊[˝ªJÙÃ[˝S Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ◊ªK˜ ÂTˆÁ]Á„VÃ[˝ a«◊[˝`Á_
mä◊X◊W˝Ã[˝ [˝ÁaXÁÃ^, Y◊SGS* ={eH„XÃ[˝ \ˆ„Ã^ Ã[˝Áy› a◊Ã[˝_* Ã[˝aÁXV›Ã[˝ TˆÃ[˝Ü]Á_Á
YÁÃ[˝ c˜cÕ_Á] ={∂ˆèı„X* (2)
◊EıÃ[˝÷Y ÂacÕ cÕ≥V–, aÃ[˝„]? ◊Eı [˝Á TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ V ◊rÙ[˝_ ^Ác˜ÁÃ[˝ ÂVÏTˆÓEıÁ„^ÔÓ LG„TˆÃ[˝
ªJ…ÙQÕˆÁ c˜cÕ„Tˆ AcÕ ÂV„` %Á◊a◊_? %Áa«X Âa ÂV[˝TˆÁ, Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ TgˆÁc˜Á„Eı aFÁ, Eı◊Ã[˝[˝
ÂLÓÁ◊Tˆ∂ˆÇÔÃ^ ÂGÁ^…„UÃ[˝ ÂGÁY◊Tˆ* (3)
EıÁc˜ÁÃ[˝C XÁ ◊[˝◊LTˆ EıFX cÕ≥V–,...* ^Ác˜ÁÃ[˝ ÂVÏTˆÓEıÁ„^ÔÓ LG„TˆÃ[˝ ªJ…ÙQÕˆÁ c˜cÕ„Tˆ
AcÕ ÂV„` %Á◊a_Á]! a«G\ˆ›Ã[˝ %[˝c˜]ÁX XV›aEı_ TˆÃ[˝„Ü mä Eı„Ã[˝X XÁ* (4)
* `å◊ªRÙOÃ[˝ YÁ‰PˆÁà˘ÁÃ[˝ EıÃ[˝Á ^ÁÃ^◊X*

YyÁ[˝_›
] SÁ◊_X›„V[˝›„Eı ◊_◊FTˆ
c/o K. B. Jadhav, Esq.
Near Municipal Office
Baroda
25th June 1902
◊Y“Ã^Tˆ]Á ] SÁ◊_X›,
ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ Lù„Ã[˝Ã[˝ EıUÁ £„X [˝QÕˆ V«f◊FTˆ c˜_Á]* %Á`Á Eı◊Ã[˝ AÃ[˝ Y„Ã[˝ T«ˆ◊]
ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ `Ã[˝›Ã[˝ AEıªªR«ÙO ÂVF„[˝* PˆÁâ¯Á LÁÃ^GÁ, ^Á„Tˆ PˆÁâ¯Á XÁ _Á„G, TˆÁcÕ Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝*
%ÁL V` ªRÙOÁEıÁ YÁPˆÁ_Á], DbW˝ %Á◊X„Ã^ ÂÃ[˝ÁL FÁ„[˝, %XÓUÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝ XÁ* %Á◊]
AEıªRÙOÁ Db„W˝Ã[˝ aµ˘ÁX ÂY„Ã^◊ªK˜ ^Á„Tˆ ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ %a«F aÁ◊Ã[˝„[˝* ÂÃ[˝ÁL ÂF„Tˆ c˜„[˝
XÁ, V«„ÃÊı[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÂF„_cÕ aÁ◊Ã[˝„[˝ ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ %ÁaÁ„] FÁ[˝ÁÃ[˝ a«◊[˝„W˝ c˜„[˝ XÁ* ÂVCH„Ã[˝
ÂG„_ ÂF„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝„[˝* %Á◊] a„Ã[˝Á◊LX›„Eı ◊_F[˝ ◊Eı Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ c˜„[˝*
a„Ã[˝Á◊LX› ÂVCH„Ã[˝cÕ %Á‰ªK˜* Â[˝Ï◊V◊V VÁ◊#¤◊_e ÂU„Eı Eı◊_EıÁTˆÁÃ^ ◊G„Ã^‰ªK˜X,
VÁ◊#¤◊_„I¯ TgˆÁÃ[˝ %a«F Eı„Ã[˝* a„Ã[˝Á◊LX› ◊ªJÙ◊Pˆ ◊_„F‰ªK˜, `›TÊıÁ_ Y^ÔÓ‹ôˆ ÂV„`
UÁEı„[˝* ◊V◊V]ÁÃ[˝Á TˆÁ„Eı F«[˝ W˝„Ã[˝‰ªK˜X, Cg„VÃ[˝ %Á`Á Â[˝Ï◊V◊V a„Ã[˝Á◊LX›Ã[˝ ◊[˝„Ã^
Â^ÁGÁQÕˆ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝„[˝X* %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ]„Tˆ Â[˝`› %Á`Á ÂXcÕ* Tˆ„[˝ ^◊V a„Ã[˝Á◊LX›
Ã[˝÷Ym„SÃ[˝ %◊Tˆ◊Ã[˝N˛ %Á`Á ªK˜Á‰QÕˆ, c˜„_cÕ c˜Ã^*
ÂEgı‰ªJÙÁ _ÁXÁ[˝_› YÁc˜Á‰QÕˆ ◊G„Ã^◊ªK˜_, %Á]Á„EıC ÂaFÁ„X ÂQˆ„Eı◊ªK˜_* Y“[˝µ˘
◊_F[˝ÁÃ[˝ cÕ¨K˜Á ◊ªK˜_, TˆÁcÕ [˝„_ ÂQˆ„Eı◊ªK˜_* Â_FÁC c˜_ ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ Â[˝Ã[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝ XÁ*
Â`b]«c…˜„wÔ¯ ◊Eı c˜_, c˜PˆÁd ]Tˆ ◊ZıÃ[˝_* %ÁÃ[˝ AEıªRÙOÁ F«[˝ ]c˜d %ÁÃ[˝ ÂGÁYX›Ã^
EıÁL ^«ªRÙO_, %Á]Á„EıcÕ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ c˜cÕ_* %Á]ÁÃ[˝ EıÁL ÂV„F ÂEgı‰ªJÙÁ [˝QÕˆcÕ a‹ô«ˆrÙ c˜_
%Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ Y“◊Tˆp˚Á Eı„Ã[˝‰ªK˜ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ Â[˝`› ]ÁcÕ„X ÂV„[˝* ÂEı LÁ„X ÂV„[˝ ◊Eı XÁ*
ÂEgı‰ªJÙÁÃ[˝ EıUÁÃ[˝ EıUÁcÕ aÁÃ[˝, EıÁL Tˆ [˝QÕˆ ÂVFÁ ^ÁÃ^ XÁ* Tˆ„[˝ ◊V„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝* ^Á
ÂVF„Tˆ YÁ◊¨JÙ TˆÁ„Tˆ Â[˝ÁW˝ c˜‰¨JÙ Â^ ÂEgı‰ªJÙÁÃ[˝ YTˆ„XÃ[˝ ◊VX H◊X„Ã^ %Áa‰ªK˜, a[˝
_l˘S FÁÃ[˝ÁY*
%Á◊] AFX FÁ„aÃ[˝ÁC„VÃ[˝ [˝ÁQÕˆ›„TˆcÕ %Á◊ªK˜, ÂTˆÁ]Ã[˝Á %Áa„[˝ TˆFX ÂXÏ_ÁF›„Tˆ
^ÁcÕ[˝* A [˝daÃ[˝ [˝ ◊rÙ Â[˝ÁW˝ c˜Ã^ Â[˝`› YQÕˆ„[˝ XÁ* [˝ ◊rÙ XÁ YQÕˆ„_ ◊X∏JÙÃ^cÕ \ˆÃ^·¯Ã[˝
V«◊\ˆ¤l˘ c˜„[˝* TˆÁ c˜„_ ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ AFÁ„X %ÁaÁ [˝µ˘ c˜„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝, A„_ ÂEı[˝◊_ EırÙ
c˜„[˝, FÁ[˝ÁÃ[˝ EırÙ, L„_Ã[˝ EırÙ, GÃ[˝„]Ã[˝ EırÙ* [˝Ã[˝VÁÃ^ A [˝daÃ[˝ G∂ˆÇfi Y‰QÕˆ◊X,
[˝QÕˆ a«≥VÃ[˝ [˝ÁTˆÁa [˝„Ã^ Ã[˝„Ã^‰ªK˜, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ Âa a«≥VÃ[˝ [˝ÁTˆÁ„a [˝ ◊rÙÃ[˝ %Á`Á =‰QÕˆ ^Á‰¨JÙ*
AF„XÁ V` [˝ÁÃ[˝ ◊VX %Á‰ªK˜, ÂacÕ V` [˝ÁÃ[˝ ◊V„XÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó \ˆÁ_ [˝ ◊rÙ c˜„_, AcÕ
]c˜Á◊[˝Y„VÃ[˝ c˜ÁTˆ ÂU„Eı =à˘ÁÃ[˝ c˜„[˝* ÂV◊F %V ‰rÙ ◊Eı Â_FÁ %Á‰ªK˜*
ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ ªK˜◊[˝ `›H–cÕ YÁPˆÁ[˝* ^Tˆ›≥V– [˝ÓÁXÁ#fi %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ [˝ÁQÕˆ›„Tˆ Ã[˝„Ã^‰ªK˜,
%ÁL ÂVFÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ ^ÁcÕ[˝, \ˆÁ_ ªK˜◊[˝ Â[˝‰ªK˜ ÂX[˝*
ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ [˝ÁY %ÁÃ[˝ ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ ]Á„Eı %Á]ÁÃ[˝ Y“SÁ] LÁXÁ„[˝* %ÁÃ[˝ a[˝ XÁ
◊_F„_C T«ˆ◊] [˝«„Mı ÂX„[˝*
ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ ÿëˆÁ]›
30th August 1905

ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ 24th AugustAÃ[˝ Yy YÁcÕ_Á]* ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ [˝ÁY-]ÁÃ[˝ %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÂacÕ
V«fF c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜ £◊XÃ^Á V«f◊FTˆ c˜cÕ_Á]* ÂEıÁXÀ ÊªK˜„_ªRÙO› YÃ[˝„_ÁEı ◊GÃ^Á‰ªK˜, TˆÁc˜Á
T«ˆ◊] ◊_F XÁcÕ* V«fF c˜'„_ [˝Á ◊Eı c˜Ã^* aeaÁ„Ã[˝ a«„FÃ[˝ %„Xüb„S ÂG„_cÕ ÂacÕ
a«„FÃ[˝ ]„W˝ÓcÕ V«fF ÂVFÁ ÂVÃ^, V«fF a[[˝ÔVÁ a«F„Eı LQÕˆÁcÕÃ^Á UÁ„Eı, AcÕ ◊XÃ^]
Â^ Y«y EıÁ]XÁÃ[˝ a∂ëˆ„µ˘cÕ FÁ‰ªRÙO TˆÁc˜Á X„c˜, a[˝ aÁeaÁ◊Ã[˝Eı EıÁ]XÁÃ[˝ Zı_
AcÕ* W˝›Ã[˝ ◊ªJÙ„w¯ a[˝ a«FV«fF \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ ªJÙÃ[˝„S %YÔS EıÃ[˝ÁcÕ ]ÁX«„bÃ[˝ AEı]Áy
=YÁÃ^*
%Á◊] E«ı◊QÕˆ ªRÙOÁEıÁ XÁ Y◊QÕˆÃ^Á V` ªRÙOÁEıÁ Y◊QÕˆÃ^Á◊ªK˜_Á], TˆÁcÕ V` ªRÙOÁEıÁ YÁPˆÁcÕ[˝
[˝◊_Ã^Á◊ªK˜_Á]* Y„XÃ[˝ ªRÙOÁEıÁ ^◊V VÃ[˝EıÁÃ[˝ Y„XÃ[˝ ªRÙOÁEıÁcÕ YÁPˆÁcÕ[˝* AcÕ ]Á„a
a„Ã[˝Á◊LX› ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ L„XÓ VÁ◊#¤◊_„I¯ EıÁYQÕˆ ◊Eı◊XÃ^Á‰ªK˜, TˆÁÃ[˝ ªRÙOÁEıÁ YÁPˆÁcÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜*
T«ˆ◊] Â^ AcÕ◊V„Eı W˝ÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á [˝„aªK˜, TˆÁc˜Á ◊Eı Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á LÁ◊X[˝? Y„XÃ[˝ ªRÙOÁEıÁ
Â_„G◊ªK˜_, YÁPˆÁc˜^ÃO Á◊ªK˜, %ÁÃ[˝ ◊TˆX Jª ÙÁ◊Ã[˝ Rª ÙÁO EıÁ _Á◊G„[˝, TˆÁc˜Á %ÁGÁ]› ]Á„a YÁPˆÁc˜[O ˝*
ÂTˆÁ]Á„Eı AcÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ E«ı◊QÕˆ ªRÙOÁEıÁ YÁPˆÁcÕ[˝*
AFX ÂacÕ EıUÁªRÙO› [˝◊_* T«ˆ◊] Â[˝ÁW˝ c˜Ã^ AÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó ÊªRÙOÃ[˝ ÂY„Ã^ªK˜, ^Ác˜ÁÃ[˝
\ˆÁ„GÓÃ[˝ a„Ü ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ \ˆÁGÓ L◊QÕˆTˆ, Âa [˝QÕˆ ◊[˝◊ªJÙy W˝Ã[˝„SÃ[˝ Â_ÁEı* AcÕ ÂV„`
%ÁLEıÁ_EıÁÃ[˝ Â_Á„EıÃ[˝ Â^]X ]„XÃ[˝ \ˆÁ[˝, L›[˝„XÃ[˝ =„Å`Ó, Eı„∂ˆÇ[ÃÔ ˝ Âl˘y, %Á]ÁÃ[˝
◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ÂTˆ]X XÃ^; a[˝ ◊[˝b„Ã^cÕ ◊\ˆ~, %aÁW˝ÁÃ[˝S* aÁ]ÁXÓ Â_Á„Eı %aÁW˝ÁÃ[˝S ]Tˆ,
] SÁ◊_X›„V[˝›„Eı ◊_◊FTˆ 381
%aÁW˝ÁÃ[˝S ÊªJÙrÙÁ, %aÁW˝ÁÃ[˝S =¨JÙ %Á`Á„Eı ^Ác˜Á [˝„_ TˆÁc˜Á Â[˝ÁW˝ c˜Ã^ T«ˆ◊] LÁX*
AcÕ aEı_ \ˆÁ[˝„Eı YÁG_Á◊] [˝„_, Tˆ„[˝ YÁG„_Ã[˝ Eı∂ˆÇÔ„l˘‰y aZı_TˆÁ c˜cÕ„_
C„Eı YÁG_ XÁ [˝◊_Ã^Á Y“◊Tˆ\ˆÁ[˝ÁX ]c˜ÁY«Ã[˝”b [˝„_* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ Eı'L„XÃ[˝ ÊªJÙrÙÁ aZı_
c˜Ã^? ac˜ÿÉˆ Â_Á„EıÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó V` LX %aÁW˝ÁÃ[˝S, ÂacÕ V` L„XÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó AEıLX
E ıTÊıÁ^ÔÓ c˜Ã^* %Á]ÁÃ[˝ Eı∂ˆÇÔ„l˘‰y aZı_TˆÁ V…„Ã[˝Ã[˝ EıUÁ, a+…SÔ\ˆÁ„[˝ Eı∂ˆÇÔ„l˘‰y
%[˝TˆÃ[˝SC Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝ XÁcÕ, %TÂ[˝ %Á]Á„Eı YÁG_cÕ [˝«◊Mı„[˝* YÁG„_Ã[˝ c˜Á„Tˆ
YQÕˆÁ ÿóˆ›„_Á„EıÃ[˝ Y„l˘ [˝QÕˆ %]Ü_, EıÁÃ[˝S ÿóˆ›LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ a[˝ %Á`Á aÁeaÁ◊Ã[˝Eı
a«FV«f„FcÕ %Á[˝à˘* YÁG_ TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ÿóˆ›„Eı a«F ◊V„[˝ XÁ, V«fFcÕ ÂVÃ^*
◊c˜≥V«W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ Y“„ST ˆGS cÕc˜Á [˝«◊Mı„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜„_X* TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á %aÁ]ÁXÓ ªJÙ◊Ã[˝y
ÊªJÙrÙÁ C %Á`Á„Eı [˝QÕˆ \ˆÁ_[˝Á◊a„TˆX, YÁG_ Âc˜ÏEı [˝Á ]c˜ÁY«Ã[˝”b Âc˜ÏEı %aÁW˝ÁÃ[˝S
Â_ÁEı„Eı [˝QÕˆ ]Á◊X„Tˆ X* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ A aEı„_„Tˆ ÿóˆ›Ã[˝ Â^ \ˆÃ^·¯Ã[˝ V«Å¤`Á c˜Ã^, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝
◊Eı =YÁÃ^ c˜c˜„O [˝? @◊bGS AcÕ =YÁÃ^ ◊PÊı Eı◊[Ã ˝„_X, TgˆÁc˜Á[Ã ˝Á ÿóˆ›LÁ◊Tˆ„Eı [˝◊_„_X,
ÂTˆÁ]Ã[˝Á %VÓ c˜cÕ„Tˆ Y◊Tˆf YÃ[˝„]Á mÃ[˝”f, AcÕ ]‹óˆcÕ ÿóˆ›LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ AEı]Áy ]‹óˆ
[˝«◊Mı„[˝* ÿóˆ› ÿëˆÁ]›Ã[˝ ac˜W˝◊∂ˆÇÔS›, ◊Tˆ◊X Â^ EıÁ^ÔÓcÕ ÿëˆW˝∂ˆÇÔ [˝◊_Ã^Á G–c˜S Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝X,
TˆÁc˜Á„Tˆ aÁc˜Á^Ó ◊V„[˝, ]‹óˆSÁ ◊V„[˝, =daÁc˜ ◊V„[˝, TgˆÁc˜Á„Eı ÂV[˝TˆÁ [˝◊_Ã^Á ]Á◊X„[˝,
TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝cÕ a«„F a«F, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝cÕ V«f„F V«fF Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝* EıÁ^ÔÓ ◊X[[˝ÔÁªJÙX EıÃ[˝Á Y«Ã[˝”„bÃ[˝
%◊W˝EıÁÃ[˝, aÁc˜Á^Ó C =daÁc˜ ÂVCÃ^Á ÿóˆ›Ã[˝ %◊W˝EıÁÃ[˝*
AFX EıUÁªRÙOÁ AcÕ, T«ˆ◊] ◊c˜≥V«W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ YU W˝◊Ã[˝„[˝ XÁ X…TˆX a\ˆÓ W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ YU
W˝◊Ã[˝„[˝? YÁG_„Eı ◊[˝[˝Ác˜ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^ÁªK˜, Âa ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ Y…[[˝ÔLXΩÁ◊#¤Tˆ Eı∂ˆÇÔ„VÁ„bÃ[˝ Zı_*
◊X„LÃ[˝ \ˆÁ„GÓÃ[˝ a„Ü AEıªRÙOÁ [˝„≥VÁ[˝ÿôˆ EıÃ[˝Á \ˆÁ_, Âa ◊Eı Ã[˝Eı] [˝„≥VÁ[˝ÿôˆ c˜cÕ„[˝?
YgÁªJÙ L„XÃ[˝ ]„TˆÃ[˝ %Á`“Ã^ _cÕÃ^Á T«ˆ◊]C ◊Eı C„Eı YÁG_ [˝◊_Ã^Á =QÕˆÁcÕÃ^Á ◊V„[˝?
YÁG_ Tˆ YÁG_Á◊]Ã[˝ Y„U ªK«˜◊ªRÙO„[˝cÕ ªK«˜◊ªRÙO„[˝, T«ˆ◊] C„Eı W˝◊Ã[˝Ã^Á Ã[˝Á◊F„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝„[˝
XÁ, ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ ÊªJÙ„Ã^ CÃ[˝ ÿëˆ\ˆÁ[˝cÕ [˝_[˝ÁX* Tˆ„[˝ T«ˆ◊] ◊Eı ÂEıÁ„S [˝◊aÃ^Á EgıÁ≈◊V„[˝
]Áy, XÁ TˆÁÃ[˝ a„ÜcÕ ªK«˜◊ªRÙO„[˝, YÁG„_Ã[˝ =Y^«N˛ YÁGÀ_› c˜cÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÊªJÙrÙÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝*
Â^]X %µ˘Ã[˝ÁLÁÃ[˝ ]◊c˜b› ªJÙl«˘•„Ã^ [˝ÿóˆ [˝gÁ≈◊W˝Ã^Á ◊X„LcÕ %µ˘ aÁ◊L„_X* c˜ÁLÁÃ[˝
[˝–Á°˘ï«ı„_ Y◊QÕˆÃ^Á UÁEı Tˆ[˝« T«ˆ◊] ◊c˜≥V« H„Ã[˝Ã[˝ Â]„Ã^, ◊c˜≥V« Y…[[˝ÔY«Ã[˝”„bÃ[˝ Ã[˝N˛
ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ `Ã[˝›„Ã[˝, %Á]ÁÃ[˝ a„≥Vc˜ XÁcÕ T«ˆ◊] Â`„bÁN˛ YUcÕ W˝◊Ã[˝„[˝*
%Á]ÁÃ[˝ ◊TˆXªRÙO› YÁG_Á◊] %Á‰ªK˜* Y“U] YÁG_Á◊] AcÕ, %Á]ÁÃ[˝ V ªRÕÙ ◊[˝`üÁa
\ˆG[˝ÁX Â^ mS, Â^ Y“◊Tˆ\ˆÁ, Â^ =¨JÙ◊`l˘Á C ◊[˝VÓÁ, Â^ W˝X ◊VÃ^Á‰ªK˜X, a[˝cÕ
\ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝, ^Ác˜Á Y◊Ã[˝[˝Á„Ã[˝Ã[˝ \ˆÃ[˝S„YÁb„S _Á„G %ÁÃ[˝ ^Ác˜Á ◊XTˆÁ‹ôˆ %Á[˝`ÓEı›Ã^,
TˆÁc˜ÁcÕ ◊X„LÃ[˝ L„XÓ FÃ[˝ªJÙ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ %◊W˝EıÁÃ[˝, ^Ác˜Á [˝ÁEı› Ã[˝cÕ_, \ˆG[˝ÁX„Eı
ÂZıÃ[˝Tˆ ÂVCÃ^Á =◊ªJÙTˆ* %Á◊] ^◊V a[˝cÕ ◊X„LÃ[˝ L„XÓ, a«„FÃ[˝ L„XÓ, ◊[˝_Á„aÃ[˝
L„XÓ FÃ[˝ªJÙ Eı◊Ã[˝, TˆÁc˜Á c˜cÕ„_ %Á◊] ÊªJÙÁÃ[˝* ◊c˜≥V«`Á‰ÿóˆ [˝„_, Â^ \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ ◊XEıªRÙO
W˝X _cÕÃ^Á \ˆG[˝ÁX„Eı ÂVÃ^ XÁ, Âa ÊªJÙÁÃ[˝* A Y^ÔÓ‹ôˆ \ˆG[˝ÁX„Eı V«cÕ %ÁXÁ ◊VÃ^Á
ÊªJÙÏÅ %ÁXÁ ◊X„LÃ[˝ a«„F FÃ[˝ªJÙ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ◊cãÁ[˝ªRÙOÁ ªJ«ÙEıÁcÕÃ^Á aÁeaÁ◊Ã[˝Eı a«„F ]w¯
Ã[˝◊c˜Ã^Á◊ªK˜* L›[˝„XÃ[˝ %à˘¤Áe`ªRÙOÁ [˝ UÁ ÂG_, Y£C ◊X„LÃ[˝ C ◊X„LÃ[˝ Y◊Ã[˝[˝Á„Ã[˝Ã[˝
=VÃ[˝ Y…◊Ã[˝Ã^Á a«F Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á E ıTˆÁUÔ c˜Ã^* %Á◊] ATˆ◊VX Y£[˝ ◊w¯ C ÊªJÙÏ^ÔÓ[˝ ◊w¯
Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á %Á◊a„Tˆ◊ªK˜ cÕc˜Á [˝«◊Mı„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝_Á]* [˝«◊MıÃ^Á [˝QÕˆ %X«TˆÁY C ◊X„LÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝
H SÁ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜* %ÁÃ[˝ XÃ^, Âa YÁY L„XΩÃ[˝ ]TˆX ªK˜Á◊QÕˆÃ^Á ◊V_Á]*
\ˆG[˝ÁX„Eı ÂVCÃ^ÁÃ[˝ ]Á„X ◊Eı* ]Á„X W˝∂ˆÇEÔ ıÁ„^ÔÓ [˝Ó^Ã EıÃ[˝Á* Â^ Rª ÙÁO EıÁ a„Ã[˝Á◊LX›
[˝Á =bÁ„Eı ◊VÃ^Á◊ªK˜ TˆÁÃ[˝ L„XÓ ÂEıÁX %X«TˆÁY XÁcÕ, Y„Ã[˝ÁYEıÁÃ[˝ W˝∂ˆÇÔ, %Á◊`“Tˆ„Eı
Ã[˝l˘Á EıÃ[˝Á ]c˜ÁW˝∂ˆÇÔ* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ £W˝« \ˆÁcÕ„[˝ÁX„Eı ◊V„_ ◊cãÁ[˝ªRÙOÁ ªJ«Ù„Eı XÁ* AcÕ V«◊Å¤„X
a]ÿôˆ ÂV` %Á]ÁÃ[˝ •Á„Ã[˝ %Á◊`“Tˆ, %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ◊≈y`„EıÁªRÙO› \ˆÁcÕ-„[˝ÁX AcÕ ÂV„` %Á‰ªK˜,
TˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó %„XEı %XÁc˜Á„Ã[˝ ]◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜, %◊W˝EıÁe`cÕ Eı‰rÙ C V«f„F L#¤◊Ã[˝Tˆ
c˜cÕÃ^Á ÂEıÁX]„Tˆ [˝gÁ◊ªJÙÃ^Á UÁ„Eı* TˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝C ◊c˜Tˆ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ c˜Ã^*
◊Eı [˝_, AcÕ ◊[˝b„Ã^ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ac˜W˝◊∂ˆÇÔS› c˜cÕ„[˝? ÂEı[˝_ aÁ]ÁXÓ Â_Á„EıÃ[˝ ]Tˆ
FÁcÕÃ^Á Y◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ^Ác˜Á a◊TˆÓ a◊TˆÓ VÃ[˝EıÁÃ[˝ TˆÁc˜ÁcÕ ◊Eı◊XÃ^Á %ÁÃ[˝ a[˝ \ˆG[˝ÁX„Eı ◊V[˝,
AcÕ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ cÕ¨K˜Á* T«ˆ◊] ]Tˆ ◊V„_cÕ, TˆÓÁG ÿëˆ›EıÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝„_cÕ %Á]ÁÃ[˝
%◊\â◊µ˘ Y…SÔ c˜cÕ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝* T«ˆ◊] [˝_À◊ªK˜„_ ""%Á]ÁÃ[˝ ÂEıÁX =~◊Tˆ c˜_ XÁ*'' AcÕ
AEıªRÙOÁ =~◊TˆÃ[˝ YU ÂVFÁcÕÃ^Á ◊V_Á], Âa Y„U ^ÁcÕ„[˝ ◊Eı?
◊•Tˆ›Ã^ YÁG_Á◊] a+“◊TˆcÕ HÁ‰QÕˆ ÊªJÙ„Y‰ªK˜* YÁG_Á◊]ªRÙOÁ AcÕ, Â^ ÂEıÁX]„Tˆ
\ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ aÁl˘ÁÅ`ÔX _Á\ˆ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ c˜cÕ„[˝* %ÁLEıÁ_EıÁÃ[˝ W˝∂ˆÇÔ, \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ XÁ]
EıUÁÃ^ EıUÁÃ^ ]«„F ÂXCÃ^Á, aEı„_Ã[˝ a]„l˘ Y“ÁUÔXÁ EıÃ[˝Á, Â_ÁEı„Eı ÂVFÁX %Á◊]
◊Eı W˝Á◊∂ˆÇÔEı! TˆÁc˜Á %Á◊] ªJÙÁcÕ XÁ* <`üÃ[˝ ^◊V UÁ„EıX, TˆÁc˜Á c˜cÕ„_ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ %◊ÿôˆ±ºˆ
%X«\ˆ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ a„Ü aÁl˘Ád Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÂEıÁX-XÁ-„EıÁX YU UÁ◊Eı„[˝* Âa
YU ^TˆcÕ V«GÔ] Âc˜ÁEı %Á◊] Âa Y„U ^ÁcÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ V ªRÕÙ a·¯î Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á [˝◊aÃ^Á◊ªK˜*
◊c˜≥V«W˝„∂ˆÇÔ [˝„_, ◊X„LÃ[˝ `Ã[˝›„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ◊X„LÃ[˝ ]„XÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó ÂacÕ YU %Á‰ªK˜* ^ÁcÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝
◊XÃ^] ÂVFÁcÕÃ^Á ◊VÃ^Á‰ªK˜ --- %Á◊] ÂacÕ aEı_ YÁ_X Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ %ÁÃ[˝êˆ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜,
AEı ]Á„aÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó %X«\ˆ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝_Á], ◊c˜≥V«W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ EıUÁ ◊]UÓÁ XÃ^, Â^-
„^ ◊ªJÙ‰c˜‘Ã[˝ EıUÁ [˝◊_Ã^Á‰ªK˜ ÂacÕ a[˝ =Y_◊ç˘ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ◊ªK˜* AFX %Á]ÁÃ[˝ cÕ¨K˜Á
] SÁ◊_X›„V[˝›„Eı ◊_◊FTˆ 383
ÂTˆÁ]Á„EıC ÂacÕ Y„U ◊XÃ^Á ^ÁcÕ, ◊PÊı a„Ü a„Ü ^ÁcÕ„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝„[˝ XÁ, EıÁÃ[˝S
ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ %Tˆ p˚ÁX c˜Ã^ XÁcÕ, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ◊YªK˜„X ◊YªK˜„X %Á◊a„Tˆ ÂEıÁX [˝ÁW˝Á
XÁcÕ, Âa Y„U ◊a◊à˘ aEı„_Ã[˝ c˜cÕ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ Y“„[˝` EıÃ[˝Á cÕ¨K˜ÁÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ ◊X\ˆ¤Ã[˝
Eı„Ã[˝, ÂEıc˜ ÂTˆÁ]Á„Eı W˝◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ◊XÃ^Á ^ÁcÕ„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝„[˝ XÁ, ^◊V ]Tˆ UÁ„Eı Tˆ„[˝ cÕc˜ÁÃ[˝
a∂ëˆ„µ˘ %ÁÃ[˝C ◊_◊F[˝*
T ˆTˆ›Ã^ YÁG_Á◊] AcÕ Â^, %XÓ Â_Á„Eı ÿëˆ„V`„Eı AEıªRÙOÁ LQÕˆ YVÁUÔ, EıTˆm„_Á
]ÁPˆ Âl˘y [˝X Y[[˝ÔTˆ XV› [˝◊_Ã^Á LÁ„X; %Á◊] ÿëˆ„V`„Eı ]Á [˝◊_Ã^Á LÁ◊X, \ˆ◊N˛
Eı◊Ã[˝, Y…LÁ Eı◊Ã[˝* ]ÁÃ[˝ [˝«„EıÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ [˝◊aÃ^Á ^◊V AEıªRÙOÁ Ã[˝Ál˘a Ã[˝N˛YÁ„X =VÓTˆ
c˜Ã^, TˆÁc˜Á c˜cÕ„_ ÊªK˜„_ ◊Eı Eı„Ã[˝? ◊X◊∏JÙ‹ôˆ\ˆÁ„[˝ %Ác˜ÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ [˝„a, ÿóˆ›-Y«‰yÃ[˝
a„Ü %Á„]ÁV Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ [˝„a, XÁ ]Á„Eı =à˘ÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ ÂVÏQÕˆÁcÕÃ^Á ^ÁÃ^? %Á◊]
LÁ◊X, AcÕ Y◊TˆTˆ LÁ◊Tˆ„Eı =à˘ÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ [˝_ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ GÁ„Ã^ %Á‰ªK˜* `ÁÃ[˝›◊Ã[˝Eı
[˝_ XÁcÕ, TˆÃ[˝[˝Á◊Ã[˝ [˝Á [˝≥V«Eı ◊XÃ^Á %Á◊] ^«à˘ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ ^ÁcÕ„Tˆ◊ªK˜ XÁ, p˚Á„XÃ[˝ [˝_*
l˘y„TˆL AEı]Áy ÂTˆL X„c˜, [˝–°˘„TˆLC %Á‰ªK˜, ÂacÕ ÂTˆL p˚Á„XÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝
Y“◊Tˆ◊úˆTˆ* AcÕ \ˆÁ[˝ X…TˆX X„c˜, %ÁLEıÁ_EıÁÃ[˝ X„c˜, AcÕ \ˆÁ[˝ ◊XÃ^Á %Á◊]
L◊XΩÃ^Á◊ªK˜_Á], AcÕ \ˆÁ[˝ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ]#ÁGTˆ* \ˆG[˝ÁX AcÕ ]c˜Á[˝–Tˆ aÁW˝X Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ
%Á]Á„Eı Y ◊U[˝›„Tˆ YÁPˆÁcÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜„_X* ÊªJÙÏÅ [˝daÃ[˝ [˝Ã^„a [˝›LªRÙOÁ %·«¯◊Ã[˝Tˆ c˜cÕ„Tˆ
_Á◊G_, %ÁPˆÁÃ[˝ [˝daÃ[˝ [˝Ã^„a Y“◊Tˆ p˚Á V ªRÕÙ C %ªJÙ_ c˜cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜_* T«ˆ◊] X]Áa›Ã[˝ EıUÁ
£◊XÃ^Á \ˆÁ◊[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜„_ ÂEıÁUÁEıÁÃ[˝ [˝V„_Á„Eı %Á]ÁÃ[˝ aÃ[˝_ \ˆÁ_]ÁX«b ÿëˆÁ]›„Eı
E«ıY„U ªRÙOÁ◊XÃ^Á _cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜* ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ \ˆÁ_]ÁX«b ÿëˆÁ]›cÕ ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ÂacÕ Â_ÁEı„Eı C %ÁÃ[˝
`Tˆ `Tˆ Â_ÁEı„Eı ÂacÕ Y„U, E«ıYU Âc˜ÁEı [˝Á a«YU Âc˜ÁEı, Y“„[˝` EıÃ[˝ÁcÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜_,
%ÁÃ[˝C ac˜ÿÉˆ ac˜ÿÉˆ Â_ÁEı„Eı Y“„[˝` EıÃ[˝ÁcÕ„[˝X* EıÁ^ÔÓ◊a◊à˘ %Á◊] UÁ◊Eı„TˆcÕ c˜cÕ„[˝
TˆÁc˜Á %Á◊] [˝◊_„Tˆ◊ªK˜ XÁ, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ c˜cÕ„[˝ ◊X∏JÙÃ^cÕ*
AFX [˝◊_ T«ˆ◊] A ◊[˝b„Ã^ ◊Eı Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ ªJÙÁC? ÿóˆ› ÿëˆÁ]›Ã[˝ `◊N˛* T«ˆ◊] =bÁÃ[˝
◊`bÓ c˜cÕÃ^Á aÁ„c˜[˝Y…LÁ]‹óˆ LY Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝? =VÁa›X c˜cÕÃ^Á ÿëˆÁ]›Ã[˝ `◊N˛ F[[˝Ô
Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝? XÁ ac˜ÁX«\…ˆ◊Tˆ C =daÁc˜ ◊VÃ^Á ◊•m◊STˆ Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝? T«ˆ◊] [˝◊_„[˝, AcÕ a[˝
]c˜d Eı„∂ˆÇÔ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ]Tˆ aÁ]ÁXÓ Â]„Ã^ ◊Eı Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝, %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ]„XÃ[˝ [˝_ XÁcÕ,
[˝«◊à˘ XÁcÕ, CcÕ a[˝ EıUÁ \ˆÁ◊[˝„Tˆ \ˆÃ^ Eı„Ã[˝* TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ac˜L =YÁÃ^ %Á‰ªK˜,
--- \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ %Á`“Ã^ XÁC, <`üÃ[˝Y“Á◊äÃ[˝ Y„U AEı[˝ÁÃ[˝ Y“„[˝` EıÃ[˝, ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ Â^-
„^ %\ˆÁ[˝ %Á‰ªK˜ ◊Tˆ◊XcÕ `›H– Y…Ã[˝S Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝X* Â^ \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ ◊XEı‰ªRÙO %Á`“Ã^
_cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜, \ˆÃ^ TˆÁc˜Á„Eı y‘„] y‘„] ªK˜Á◊QÕˆÃ^Á ÂVÃ^* %ÁÃ[˝ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ ^◊V ◊[˝`üÁa
Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁÃ[˝, V` L„XÃ[˝ EıUÁ XÁ £◊XÃ^Á %Á]ÁÃ[˝cÕ EıUÁ ^◊V Â`ÁX, %Á◊] ÂTˆÁ]Á„Eı
%Á]ÁÃ[˝cÕ [˝_ ◊V„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝, TˆÁc˜Á„Tˆ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ [˝„_Ã[˝ c˜Á◊X XÁ c˜cÕÃ^Á [˝ ◊à˘ c˜cÕ„[˝*
%Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ [˝◊_ ÿóˆ› ÿëˆÁ]›Ã[˝ `◊N˛, ]Á„X, ÿëˆÁ]› ÿóˆ›Ã[˝ ]„W˝Ó ◊X„LÃ[˝ Y“◊Tˆ]…◊wÔ¯ ÂV◊FÃ^Á
TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ EıÁ‰ªK˜ ◊X„LÃ[˝ ]c˜d %ÁEıÁIl˘ÁÃ[˝ Y“◊TˆW[˝◊X YÁcÕÃ^Á ◊•mS `◊N˛ _Á\ˆ
Eı„Ã[˝*
◊ªJÙÃ[˝◊VX ◊Eı AcÕ \ˆÁ„[˝ UÁ◊Eı„[˝? %Á◊] \ˆÁ_ EıÁYQÕˆ Y◊Ã[˝[˝, \ˆÁ_ %Ác˜ÁÃ[˝
FÁcÕ[˝, c˜Á◊a[˝, XÁ◊ªJÙ[˝, ^Tˆ Ã[˝Eı] a«F Â\ˆÁG Eı◊Ã[˝[˝, AcÕ ]„XÃ[˝ %[˝ÿöˆÁ„Eı =~◊Tˆ
[˝„_ XÁ* %ÁLEıÁ_ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ÂV„`Ã[˝ Â]„Ã^„VÃ[˝ L›[˝X AcÕ a·¯›SÔ C %◊Tˆ Âc˜Ã^
%ÁEıÁÃ[˝ W˝ÁÃ[˝S Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜* T«ˆ◊] AcÕ a[˝ ÊªK˜‰QÕˆ VÁC, %Á]ÁÃ[˝ a„Ü Aa, LG„Tˆ
\ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ EıÁL Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ %Á◊aÃ^Á◊ªK˜, ÂacÕ EıÁL %ÁÃ[˝êˆ Eı◊Ã[˝*
ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ ÿëˆ\ˆÁ„[˝Ã[˝ AEıªRÙOÁ ÂVÁb %Á‰ªK˜, T«ˆ◊] %◊Tˆ]Áy aÃ[˝_* Â^ ^Ác˜Á [˝„_,
TˆÁc˜ÁcÕ Â`ÁX* cÕc˜Á„Tˆ ]X ◊ªJÙÃ[˝EıÁ_ %◊ÿöˆÃ[˝ UÁ„Eı, [˝«◊à˘ ◊[˝EıÁ` YÁÃ^ XÁ, ÂEıÁX
Eı„∂ˆÇÔ AEıÁG–TˆÁ c˜Ã^ XÁ* AªRÙOÁ £W˝„Ã[˝Á„Tˆ c˜cÕ„[˝, AEıL„XÃ[˝cÕ EıUÁ £◊XÃ^Á p˚ÁX
aá˚Ã^ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ c˜cÕ„[˝, AEı _l˘Ó Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á %◊[˝ªJÙ◊_Tˆ ◊ªJÙ„w¯ EıÁ^ÔÓ aÁW˝X Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ
c˜cÕ„[˝, Â_Á„EıÃ[˝ ◊X≥VÁ C ◊[˝V–÷Y„Eı T«ˆ¨K˜ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ◊ÿöˆÃ[˝ \ˆ◊N˛ Ã[˝Á◊F„Tˆ c˜cÕ„[˝*
%ÁÃ[˝ AEıªRÙOÁ ÂVÁb %Á‰ªK˜, ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ ÿëˆ\ˆÁ„[˝Ã[˝ XÃ^, EıÁ„_Ã[˝ ÂVÁb* [˝Ü„V„` EıÁ_
%]XTˆÃ[˝ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜* Â_Á„Eı Gêˆ›Ã[˝ EıUÁC Gêˆ›Ã[˝ \ˆÁ„[˝ £◊X„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ XÁ; W˝∂ˆÇÔ,
Y„Ã[˝ÁYEıÁÃ[˝, ]c˜d %ÁEıÁIl˘Á, ]c˜d ÊªJÙrÙÁ, ÂV„`Áà˘ÁÃ[˝, ^Ác˜Á Gêˆ›Ã[˝, ^Ác˜Á =¨JÙ C
]c˜d, a[˝ ◊X„Ã^ c˜Á◊a C ◊[˝V–÷Y, a[˝cÕ c˜Á◊aÃ^Á =QÕˆÁcÕ„Tˆ ªJÙÁÃ^; [˝–Á°˘ï«ı„_ ÂU„Eı
ÂU„Eı ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ AcÕ ÂVÁb AEıªªR«ÙO AEıªªR«ÙO c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜, [˝Á◊Ã[˝Ã[˝C ◊ªK˜_, %î Y◊Ã[˝]Á„S
%Á]Ã[˝Á aEı„_cÕ AcÕ ÂVÁ„b V…◊bTˆ, ÂVCH„Ã[˝Ã[˝ Â_Á„EıÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó Tˆ %Á∏JÙ^ÔÓ [˝ ◊à˘
YÁcÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜* AcÕ ]„XÃ[˝ \ˆÁ[˝ V ªRÕÙ ]„X TˆÁQÕˆÁcÕ„Tˆ c˜Ã^, T«ˆ◊] TˆÁc˜Á ac˜„L YÁ◊Ã[˝„[˝˝,
%ÁÃ[˝ AEı[˝ÁÃ[˝ ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ %\ˆÓÁa Eı◊Ã[˝„_, ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ %Áa_ ÿëˆ\ˆÁ[˝ Z«ı◊ªRÙO„[˝;
Y„Ã[˝ÁYEıÁÃ[˝ C ÿëˆÁUÔTˆÓÁ„GÃ[˝ ◊V„Eı ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ ÿëˆÁ\ˆÁ◊[˝Eı ªRÙOÁX %Á‰ªK˜, ÂEı[˝◊_ AEı
]„XÃ[˝ ÂLÁ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ %\ˆÁ[˝, <`üÃ[˝-=YÁaXÁÃ^ ÂacÕ ÂLÁÃ[˝ YÁcÕ„[˝*
AªRÙOÁcÕ ◊ªK˜_ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ÂacÕ mä EıUÁ* EıÁÃ[˝”Ã[˝ EıÁ‰ªK˜ Y“EıÁ` XÁ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ◊X„LÃ[˝
]„X W˝›Ã[˝◊ªJÙ„w¯ AcÕ a[˝ ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ EıÃ[˝, A„Tˆ \ˆÃ^ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ ◊EıªK«˜ XÁcÕ, Tˆ„[˝ ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ
Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ %„XEı ◊L◊Xb %Á‰ªK˜* Y“U„] %ÁÃ[˝ ◊EıªK«˜ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ c˜cÕ„[˝ XÁ, ÂEı[˝_ ÂÃ[˝ÁL
%ÁW˝ H∞ªRÙOÁ \ˆG[˝ÁX„Eı W˝ÓÁX Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ c˜Ã^, TgˆÁÃ[˝ EıÁ‰ªK˜ Y“ÁUÔXÁÃ[˝÷„Y [˝_[˝Tˆ› cÕ¨K˜Á
Y“EıÁ` Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ c˜Ã^* ]X y‘„] y‘„] ÈTˆÃ^ÁÃ[˝› c˜cÕ„[˝* TgˆÁÃ[˝ EıÁ‰ªK˜ a[[˝ÔVÁ AcÕ
] SÁ◊_X›„V[˝›„Eı ◊_◊FTˆ 385
Y“ÁUÔXÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ c˜Ã^, %Á◊] Â^X ÿëˆÁ]›Ã[˝ L›[˝X, =„Å`Ó C <`üÃ[˝Y“Á◊äÃ[˝ Y„U
[˝ÓÁHÁTˆ XÁ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á a[[˝ÔVÁ ac˜ÁÃ^ c˜cÕ, aÁW˝X\…ˆTˆ c˜cÕ* AªRÙOÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝?
ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝
3 Oct. 1905
◊Y“Ã^Tˆ]Á,
AcÕ Y„XÃ[˝ ◊VX Eı„_„LÃ[˝ YÃ[˝›l˘Á ªJÙ◊_„Tˆ‰ªK˜, TˆÁc˜Á ªK˜ÁQÕˆÁ AEıªRÙO› ÿëˆ„V`›
a◊]◊Tˆ ÿöˆÁYX c˜cÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜, AcÕ V«cÕ EıÁL ◊X„Ã^ [˝Óÿôˆ ◊ªK˜_Á] [˝◊_Ã^Á ◊ªJÙ◊Pˆ ◊_◊F[˝ÁÃ[˝
%[˝aÃ[˝ YÁcÕ XÁcÕ* ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝C ◊ªJÙ◊Pˆ %„XEı◊VX YÁcÕ XÁcÕ* %Á`Á Eı◊Ã[˝ ÂTˆÁ]Ã[˝Á
aEı„_ \ˆÁ_ %ÁªK˜* EıÁ_ ÂU„Eı Eı„_L [˝µ˘* %[˝`ÓcÕ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ EıÁL [˝µ˘ XÃ^,
Tˆ„[˝ AEıH∞ªRÙOÁÃ[˝ Â[˝`› Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ c˜Ã^ XÁ*
%Á◊] Ac˜[O ˝Á„Ã[˝ E«ı◊QÕˆ Rª ÙÁO EıÁ YÁPˆÁc˜_O Á]* V`ªRÙÁO EıÁ Burn Company ÂEı[Ã ˝ÁX›„VÃ[˝
LXÓ ◊V„Tˆ YÁÃ[˝* TˆÁ ÈX„_ %ÁÃ[˝ ÂEıÁXC aV«„Å„` FÃ[˝Jª Ù EıÃ[˝* Burn Company[Ã ˝
[˝ÓÁYÁÃ[˝ªRÙOÁ ◊Eı %Á◊] [˝«◊Mı„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝ XÁ, F[˝„Ã[˝Ã[˝ EıÁG„L ÂEıÁX &rÙ [˝SÔXÁ YÁcÕ
XÁcÕ* %ÁLEıÁ_ AcÕÃ[˝Eı] W˝∂ˆÇÔHªRÙO EıÃ[˝Á ac˜L [˝ÓÁYÁÃ[˝ XÃ^, GÃ[˝›[˝ Y“ÁÃ^cÕ c˜ÁÃ[˝
FÁÃ^, W˝X[˝Á„XÃ[˝ LÃ^ c˜Ã^* Â^◊VX \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ[˝Áa› ]W˝Ó]‰`“S›Ã[˝ Â_ÁEı l«˘V– ªJÙÁEıÃ[˝›Ã[˝
%Á`Á ªK˜Á◊QÕˆÃ^Á ◊X„L [˝Ó[˝aÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ ^ÁcÕ„[˝, Âa \ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝ [˝QÕˆ a«◊VX c˜cÕ„[˝* Â[˝`›
ªRÙOÁEıÁ ◊V„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝ XÁ, EıÁÃ[˝S a„Ã[˝Á◊LX›„Eı TˆÁÃ[˝ VÁ◊#¤◊_„I¯Ã[˝ FÃ[˝‰ªJÙÃ[˝ L„XÓ 60
[˝Á 70 ªRÙOÁEıÁ ◊V„Tˆ c˜cÕ„[˝, %ÁÃ[˝ ]ÁW˝[˝Ã[˝ÁC„Eı ◊[˝„_„Tˆ ÂEıÁX ◊[˝„`b EıÁ„LÃ[˝ L„XÓ
YÁPˆÁX c˜„Ã^‰ªK˜, TgˆÁÃ[˝ L„XÓC ªRÙOÁEıÁ Ã[˝Á◊F„Tˆ c˜Ã^* ÿëˆ„V`› movementAÃ[˝ L„XÓ
%„XEı ªRÙOÁEıÁ ◊V„Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜, TˆÁÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ %ÁÃ[˝ AEıªRÙO› movement ªJÙÁ_ÁcÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝
ÊªJÙrÙÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ◊ªK˜ TˆÁÃ[˝ L„XÓ %„`b ªRÙOÁEıÁ ªJÙÁcÕ* %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ◊EıªK«˜ [˝gÁªJÙ„ªK˜ XÁ*
FlorilineªRÙOÁ YÁPˆÁX c˜_, %Á`Á Eı◊Ã[˝ ÂY„Ã^ªK˜* W˝XL› AFÁ„X ◊ªK˜_ XÁ, TˆÁÃ[˝
Y„Ã[˝ A„a‰ªK˜ ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ _l˘SÃ[˝ÁC YÃ[˝›l˘ÁÃ^ [˝Óÿôˆ, %Á]ÁÃ[˝C ÂacÕ V`Á, V«L„X \«ˆ◊_Ã^Á
◊GÃ^Á◊ªK˜_«]* `›H– prescription YÁPˆÁcÕ[˝*
""Seeker'' Y◊QÕˆ„[˝ ÂEıX? Âa Tˆ Y«„Ã[˝ÁX Eı◊[˝TˆÁ, W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ a∂ëˆ„µ˘ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ TˆFX
ÂEıÁXC p˚ÁX ◊ªK˜_ XÁ* Eı◊[˝TˆÁªRÙOÁ %◊Tˆ]Áy pessimistic. [˝ÁÜÁ_ÁÃ^ pessimis-
tic ◊Eı LÁ◊X XÁ, ]ÁÃ[˝ÁPˆ›„Tˆ ◊XÃ[˝Á`Á[˝ÁV› [˝„_* AFX %Á◊] [˝«◊Mı„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝_Á]
◊XÃ[˝Á`Á %p˚Á„XÃ[˝ AEıªRÙOÁ Ã[˝÷Y ]Áy*
Âa◊VX FÁ„aÃ[˝ÁC AÃ[˝ EıÁ‰ªK˜ ◊G„Ã^◊ªK˜_Á]* %ÁX≥VÃ[˝ÁC F«[˝ ]ÿôˆ c˜„Ã^‰ªK˜* [˝QÕˆ
ÂLÁ‰¨K˜ÁÃ[˝ c˜„[˝*
`“›
22 Oct. 1905
ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ Yy YÁcÕ_Á]* %„XEı◊VX ◊ªJÙ◊Pˆ ◊_◊F◊X ◊EıªK«˜ ]„X Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝ XÁ* %Á]ÁÃ[˝
health ◊X„Ã^ %Tˆ ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ ÂEıX, %Á]ÁÃ[˝ Tˆ EıFX a◊Å¤ EıÁ◊` ªK˜ÁQÕˆÁ ÂEıÁX [˝ÓÁ„]Á
c˜Ã^ XÁ* [˝Á◊Ã[˝ AFÁ„X %Á‰ªK˜, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ `Ã[˝›Ã[˝ \ˆÃ^ÁXEı FÁÃ[˝ÁY, ÂEı[˝◊_
Lù„Ã[˝Ã[˝ Zı„_ XÁXÁ ÂÃ[˝ÁG c˜Ã^, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ c˜ÁLÁÃ[˝ ÂÃ[˝ÁG c˜„_C TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ÊªTˆL Eı„] XÁ,
◊ÿöˆÃ[˝ UÁ„Eı XÁ, AEıªRÙO« \ˆÁ_ c˜„_cÕ ÂV„`Ã[˝ EıÁ„L Â[˝Ã[˝”„Tˆ ªJÙÁÃ^* Âa ªJÙÁEıÃ[˝› ÂX„[˝
XÁ* %[˝`ÓcÕ Aa[˝ F[˝Ã[˝ a„Ã[˝Á◊LX›„Eı ◊_◊F XÁ; T«ˆ◊]C Â_„FÁ XÁ, Âa \ˆÁ[˝XÁÃ^
YÁG_ c˜„[˝, Â[˝ÁW˝ c˜Ã^ X„\ˆ∂ëˆÃ[˝ ]Á„a Eı◊_EıÁTˆÁÃ^ ^Á[˝, ÂaFÁ„X %Á]ÁÃ[˝ %„XEı
EıÁL %Á‰ªK˜*
ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ ÂacÕ _∂ëˆÁ ◊ªJÙ◊Pˆ ÂY„Ã^ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ◊XÃ[˝Á` c˜[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÂEıÁX EıÁÃ[˝S c˜Ã^◊X,
%ÁX◊≥VTˆcÕ c˜„Ã^◊ªK˜_Á]* a„Ã[˝Á◊LX› TˆÓÁG ÿëˆ›EıÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ ]Tˆ Y“ÿô«ˆTˆ
c˜„_ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ \ˆ◊[˝bÓ„Tˆ EıÁ„LÃ[˝ [˝QÕˆ a«◊[˝„W˝ c˜Ã^* TˆÁc˜Á ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ c˜„[˝ XÁ* TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝
a«„FÃ[˝ %Á`Á %◊Tˆ Y“[˝_, LÁ◊X XÁ EıFX LÃ^ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝„[˝ ◊Eı XÁ* \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝
^Á cÕ‰¨K˜ TˆÁc˜ÁcÕ c˜„[˝*
ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ ◊ªJÙ◊Pˆ AEıªRÙOÁ EıÁG„LÃ[˝ LÜ„_Ã[˝ ]„W˝Ó c˜Á◊Ã[˝„Ã^ ÂG‰ªK˜, Â[˝Ã[˝ EıÃ[˝[˝*
ÂY„_cÕ %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ ◊_F[˝* aµ˘ÓÁÃ[˝ a]Ã^ c˜‰¨JÙ, %ÁL„EıÃ[˝ ]TˆX Â`b Eı◊Ã[˝*
%Á◊] \ˆÁ_ %Á◊ªK˜, ◊ªJÙ◊Pˆ XÁ ÂY„_C ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ XÁcÕ* %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ◊Eı %a«F
c˜„[˝? %Á`Á Eı◊Ã[˝ ÂTˆÁ]Ã[˝Á a[˝ \ˆÁ_ %ÁªK˜*
ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝
----------
%Á]ÁÃ[˝ XÁ] ◊X„Ã^ ◊Eı Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝? CcÕ dash [˝◊a„Ã^◊ªJÙ, TˆÁc˜Á ªJÙ◊_„[˝ XÁ?
] SÁ◊_X›„V[˝›„Eı ◊_◊FTˆ 387
c/o Babu Subodh Chandra

Mullick
12 Wellington Square
Calcutta
[December 1905?]
ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ AEıFÁ◊X ◊ªJÙ◊Pˆ YÁcÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜* TˆÁc˜Á Y◊QÕˆÃ^Á V«f◊FTˆ c˜cÕ_Á]* %Á◊] [˝„∂ëˆ
c˜cÕ„Tˆ ÂTˆÁ]Á„Eı AEıªRÙO› ◊ªJÙ◊Pˆ ◊_◊FÃ^Á◊ªK˜_Á], ÂacÕ ◊ªJÙ◊Pˆ„Tˆ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ÂV„` ^Á[˝ÁÃ[˝
%◊\ˆY“ÁÃ^ LÁXÁcÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜_Á]* TˆÁÃ[˝ a„Ü %„XEı VÃ[˝EıÁÃ[˝› EıUÁ ◊ªK˜_* %ÁÃ[˝ EıÁc˜Á„EıC
ÂV„` ^Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ EıUÁ LÁXÁcÕ XÁcÕ* XÁ LÁXÁcÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ ◊[˝„`b EıÁÃ[˝SC ◊ªK˜_* AFX
[˝«◊Mı„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝_Á] ÂacÕ ◊ªJÙ◊Pˆ YÁC XÁcÕ* c˜Ã^ ªJÙÁEıÃ[˝ ÂYÁ‰rÙ ÂVÃ^ ◊X, XÃ^ ÂYÁrÙ
%◊Zı„a ÂGÁ_]Á_ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜* ^Á Âc˜ÏEı T«ˆ◊] Â^ %Tˆ ac˜„L ÈW˝^ÔÓªJ«ÙÓTˆ c˜C, AªRÙOÁ
[˝QÕˆ V«f„FÃ[˝ EıUÁ* ÂEıXXÁ --- %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÂacÕ EıUÁ [˝◊_ --- T«ˆ◊] AEıLX aÁW˝ÁÃ[˝S
aÁeaÁ◊Ã[˝Eı Â_Á„EıÃ[˝ ÿóˆ› c˜C XÁcÕ, ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ ◊[˝„`b ÈW˝^ÔÓ C `N˛TˆÁÃ[˝ VÃ[˝EıÁÃ[˝*
A]X a]Ã^C %Á◊a„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ ^FX AEı]Áa ◊Eıe[˝Á ÂVªRÕÙ]Áa XÃ^, ªK˜]Áa Y^ÔÓ‹ôˆC
%Á]ÁÃ[˝ ÂEıÁX F[˝Ã[˝ YÁcÕ„[˝ XÁ* AFX ÂU„Eı AEıªªR«ÙO `N˛ c˜cÕ„Tˆ ◊`◊F„Tˆ c˜Ã^,
TˆÁc˜Á XÁ c˜cÕ„_ \ˆ◊[˝bÓ„Tˆ %„`b V«fF Â\ˆÁG Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ c˜cÕ„[˝*
%„XEı VÃ[˝EıÁÃ[˝› EıUÁ ◊_◊FÃ^Á◊ªK˜_Á], Âa a[˝ %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ ◊_◊F[˝ÁÃ[˝ a]Ã^ XÁcÕ*
AEıªªR«ÙO Y„Ã[˝ ◊_◊F[˝* %Á◊] AFÁX ÂU„Eı `›H– EıÁ`› ^Á[˝, EıÁ`› c˜cÕ„Tˆ [˝Ã[˝VÁ*
ÂG„_cÕ ªK«˜◊ªRÙO ◊X„Ã^ %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÂV„` %Á◊a[˝* Tˆ„[˝ ^◊V Clarke XÁ %Á◊aÃ^Á UÁ„EıX,
AEıªªR«ÙO ]«◊ïı_ c˜„[˝*
[˝Á◊Ã[˝ ÂVCH„Ã[˝ Ã[˝„Ã^‰ªJÙ, TˆÁÃ[˝ ÂEı[˝◊_ LùÃ[˝ c˜Ã^* %Á◊] ªK«˜◊ªRÙO XÁ YÁcÕ„_ Âa Â[˝ÁW˝
c˜Ã^ [˝Ã[˝VÁÃ^ ◊Zı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ^ÁcÕ„[˝*
A.G.
2nd March 1906

%ÁL Eı◊_EıÁTˆÁÃ^ ^ÁyÁ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝* %„XEı ◊VX %Á„G ^ÁcÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ EıUÁ ◊ªK˜_, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ
ªK«˜◊ªRÙOÃ[˝ ßE«ı] c˜cÕÃ^Á ÂG„_C [˝Ã[˝VÁÃ[˝ EıwÔ¯ÁÃ[˝Á a◊c˜ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ a]Ã^ YÁX XÁcÕ [˝◊_Ã^Á
%Á]ÁÃ[˝ V`◊VX [˝ UÁcÕ ÂG_* ^ÁcÕ Âc˜ÁEı ÂaÁ][˝Á„Ã[˝ Eı◊_EıÁTˆÁÃ^ Yßg◊ªJÙ[˝* ÂEıÁUÁÃ^
UÁ◊Eı[˝ LÁ◊X XÁcÕ* X]Áa›Ã[˝ [˝Á◊QÕˆ„Tˆ UÁ◊Eı[˝ÁÃ[˝ Â^Á XÁcÕ* A„Eı %Á◊] ]ÁªK˜ ]Áea
ªK˜Á◊QÕˆÃ^Á ◊VÃ^Á◊ªK˜, %ÁÃ[˝ AcÕ L›[˝„X Â[˝ÁW˝c˜Ã^ FÁcÕ[˝ XÁ, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ X]Áa› TˆÁc˜Á £◊X„[˝X
ÂEıX* TˆÁÃ[˝YÃ[˝ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ AEıÁ‹ôˆ LÁÃ^GÁ XÁ UÁ◊Eı„_ a«◊[˝W˝Á XÁcÕ* aEıÁ„_ ÂVªRÕÙH∞ªRÙOÁ
%ÁÃ[˝ aµ˘ÓÁ„[˝_Á ÂVªRÕÙH∞ªRÙOÁ A„Eı_Á [˝◊aÃ^Á EıTˆ ◊Eı Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ c˜Ã^, Âaa[˝ Y„Ã[˝Ã[˝
a∂ˆÇ«„F c˜Ã^ XÁ* 12 Wellington SquareA %Á]ÁÃ[˝ Â[˝` a«◊[˝W˝Á c˜cÕTˆ, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ
Âc˜] ]◊{Eı a+“◊Tˆ ]ÁÃ[˝Á ÂG„_X, ÂacÕFÁ„X AFX ^ÁcÕ„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝[˝ XÁ* Tˆ„[˝ ÂacÕ
◊PÊıÁXÁÃ^ ◊ªJÙ◊Pˆ ◊_◊F„_ %Á◊] YÁcÕ[˝*
%ÁaÁ„] Â^„Tˆ [˝„_ªK˜, ÊªJÙrÙÁ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ AEı[˝ÁÃ[˝ Eı◊_EıÁTˆÁÃ^ YVÁYÔS Eı◊Ã[˝„_
ÂEı= ªK˜Á‰QÕˆ XÁ* c˜ÁLÁÃ[˝ EıÁL c˜Á„Tˆ %Á„a, %Á±¡›Ã^„VÃ[˝ EıÁ‰ªK˜ ÂVFÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ
^ÁcÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ a]Ã^ YÁcÕ XÁ* %ÁÃ[˝ %ÁaÁ„] ÂG„_ V«ªJÙÁÃ[˝◊VXcÕ UÁ◊Eı„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝[˝* ÂTˆÁ]Á„Eı
[˝Á◊Ã[˝ Â[˝` %Á◊X„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝, TˆÁÃ[˝ a„Ü Ã[˝S‰ªK˜ÁQÕˆ„Eı ◊V„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝* %Á◊] ^◊V ^ÁcÕ,
A ]Á„a Â[˝ÁW˝ c˜Ã^ ÂY„Ã[˝ =◊Pˆ[˝ XÁ, Tˆ„[˝ Eı◊_EıÁTˆÁÃ^ ◊G„Ã^ ÂV◊F* AªRÙOÁC c˜„Tˆ
YÁ„Ã[˝, a„Ã[˝Á◊LX› ^◊V %ÁaÁ„] Â^„Tˆ ªJÙÁÃ^, [˝Á◊Ã[˝ ◊V„Ã^ ◊V„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝, %Á◊] AEı
]Áa Y„Ã[˝ ◊G„Ã^ %Á◊X„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝* Eı◊_EıÁTˆÁÃ^ ◊G„Ã^ ◊PÊı Eı◊Ã[˝[˝*
`“›%Ã[˝◊[˝≥V ÂHÁb
23 Scott's Lane
Calcutta
17th February, 1907.*
◊Y“Ã^ ] SÁ◊_X›,
%„XEı ◊VX ◊ªJÙ◊Pˆ ◊_◊F XÁcÕ, ÂacÕ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ◊ªJÙÃ[˝‹ôˆX %YÃ[˝ÁW˝, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ T«ˆ◊]
◊XL m„S l˘]Á XÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„_, %Á]ÁÃ[˝ %ÁÃ[˝ =YÁÃ^ ◊Eı? ^Ác˜Á ]#ÁGTˆ TˆÁc˜Á AEı
◊V„X Â[˝„Ã[˝ÁÃ^ XÁ, AcÕ ÂVÁb £W˝Ã[˝ÁcÕ„Tˆ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ Â[˝ÁW˝ c˜Ã^ AcÕ LXΩ EıÁ◊ªRÙO„[˝*
8th LÁX«Ã^Á◊Ã[˝ %Á◊a[˝ÁÃ[˝ EıUÁ ◊ªK˜_, %Á◊a„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝ XÁcÕ, Âa %Á]ÁÃ[˝ cÕ¨K˜ÁÃ^
H‰ªRÙO XÁcÕ* Â^FÁ„X \ˆG[˝ÁX ◊XÃ^Á ◊GÃ^Á‰ªK˜X ÂacÕFÁ„X ^ÁcÕ„Tˆ c˜cÕ_* AcÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝
%Á◊] ◊X„LÃ[˝ EıÁ„L ^ÁcÕ XÁcÕ, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝cÕ EıÁ„L ◊GÃ^Á◊ªK˜_Á]* %Á]ÁÃ[˝ AcÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝
]„XÃ[˝ %[˝ÿöˆÁ %XÓÃ[˝÷Y c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜, Âa EıUÁ AcÕ Y‰y Y“EıÁ` Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ XÁ* T«ˆ◊]
* ◊ªJÙ◊PˆÃ[˝
=◊{◊FTˆ HªªRÙOXÁÃ[˝ Y…[˝ÔÁYÃ[˝ Tˆ„UÓÃ[˝ ◊\ˆ◊w¯„Tˆ AªªRÙOÁ %X«◊]Tˆ c˜Ã^ Â^ AcÕ YyFÁ◊X 1908
aÁ„_Ã[˝ 17cÕ ÂZı[˝–”Ã^Á◊Ã[˝„Tˆ ◊_◊FTˆ, 1907 aÁ„_ XÃ^*
] SÁ◊_X›„V[˝›„Eı ◊_◊FTˆ 389
AFÁ„X Aa, TˆFX ^Ác˜Á [˝◊_[˝ÁÃ[˝ %Á‰ªK˜, TˆÁc˜Á [˝◊_[˝* ÂEı[˝_ AcÕ EıUÁcÕ AFX
[˝◊_„Tˆ c˜cÕ_, Â^ AÃ[˝ Y„Ã[˝ %Á◊] %ÁÃ[˝ ◊X„LÃ[˝ cÕ¨K˜ÁW˝›X XcÕ, Â^cÕFÁ„X \ˆG[˝ÁX
%Á]Á„Eı ◊XÃ^Á ^ÁcÕ„[˝X ÂacÕFÁ„X Y«T«ˆ„_Ã[˝ ]Tˆ ^ÁcÕ„Tˆ c˜cÕ„[˝, ^Ác˜Á EıÃ[˝ÁcÕ„[˝X
TˆÁc˜Á Y«T«ˆ„_Ã[˝ ]Tˆ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ c˜cÕ„[˝* AFX AcÕ EıUÁÃ[˝ %UÔ Â[˝ÁMıÁ ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ Y„l˘
Eı◊PˆX c˜cÕ„[˝, Tˆ„[˝ [˝_Á %Á[˝`ÓEı X‰ªJÙd %Á]ÁÃ[˝ G◊Tˆ◊[˝◊W˝ ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ %Á„l˘Y C
V«f„FÃ[˝ EıUÁ c˜cÕ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝* T«ˆ◊] ]„X Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝ %Á◊] ÂTˆÁ]Á„Eı =„Yl˘Á Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á
EıÁL Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ◊ªK˜* TˆÁc˜Á ]„X Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝ XÁ* AcÕ Y^ÔÓ‹ôˆ %Á◊] ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ ◊[˝Ã[˝”„à˘
%„XEı ÂVÁb Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜, T«ˆ◊] Â^ TˆÁc˜Á„Tˆ %a‹ô«ˆrÙ c˜cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜„_, Âa ÿëˆÁ\ˆÁ◊[˝Eı ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ
AFX %Á]ÁÃ[˝ %ÁÃ[˝ ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁ XÁcÕ, AÃ[˝ Y„Ã[˝ ÂTˆÁ]Á„Eı [˝«◊Mı„Tˆ c˜cÕ„[˝ Â^ %Á]ÁÃ[˝
a[˝ EıÁL %Á]ÁÃ[˝ cÕ¨K˜ÁÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ ◊X\ˆ¤Ã[˝ XÁ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ %Á„V„`cÕ c˜cÕ_*
T«ˆ◊] %Á◊a„[˝, TˆFX %Á]ÁÃ[˝ EıUÁÃ[˝ TˆÁdY^ÔÓ c˜÷VÃ^Ü] Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝* %Á`Á Eı◊Ã[˝ \ˆG[˝ÁX
%Á]Á„Eı TgˆÁc˜Á[Ã ˝ %YÁÃ[˝ EıÃ[˝”SÁÃ[˝ Â^ %Á„_ÁEı ÂVFÁc˜^ÃO Á‰ªK˜X, ÂTˆÁ]Á„EıC ÂVFÁc˜„O [˝X,
◊Eı‹ô«ˆ Âa TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝cÕ cÕ¨K˜ÁÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ ◊X\ˆ¤Ã[˝ Eı„Ã[˝* T«ˆ◊] ^◊V %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ac˜W˝◊∂ˆÇÔS› c˜cÕ„Tˆ
ªJÙÁC, TˆÁc˜Á c˜cÕ„_ Y“ÁSY„S ÊªJÙrÙÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝ ^Ác˜Á„Tˆ ◊Tˆ◊X ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ AEıÁ‹ôˆ cÕ¨K˜ÁÃ[˝
[˝„_ ÂTˆÁ]Á„EıC EıÃ[˝”SÁ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á YU ÂVFÁcÕ„[˝X* AcÕ Yy EıÁc˜Á„EıC ÂV◊F„Tˆ
◊V„[˝ XÁ, EıÁÃ[˝S Â^ EıUÁ [˝◊_Ã^Á◊ªK˜, Âa %◊Tˆ`Ã^ ÂGÁYX›Ã^* ÂTˆÁ]Á ªK˜ÁQÕˆÁ %ÁÃ[˝
EıÁc˜Á„EıC [˝◊_ XÁcÕ, [˝_Á ◊X◊bà˘* %ÁL AcÕ Y^ÔÓ‹ôˆ*
Y«X∏JÙ --- aeaÁ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ EıUÁ a„Ã[˝Á◊LX›„Eı ◊_◊FÃ^Á◊ªK˜, %Á_ÁVÁ ÂTˆÁ]Á„Eı Â_FÁ
%XÁ[˝`ÓEı, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Yy ÂV◊FÃ^Á [˝«◊Mı„[˝*
6th December, 1907

◊Y“Ã^ ] SÁ◊_X›,
%Á◊] YÃ[˝`ü ◊ªJÙ◊Pˆ YÁcÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜_Á], Âa ◊VXcÕ Ã[˝ÓÁYÁÃ[˝C YÁPˆÁX c˜cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜_, ÂEıX
YÁC XÁcÕ TˆÁc˜Á [˝«◊Mı„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝_Á] XÁ*
*
%Á]ÁÃ[˝ AcÕFÁ„X AEı ]«c…˜wÔ¯C a]Ã^ XÁcÕ; Â_FÁÃ[˝ \ˆÁÃ[˝ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝, Eıe‰G–a
aey‘Á‹ôˆ EıÁ„LÃ[˝ \ˆÁÃ[˝ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝, "[˝„≥V ]ÁTˆÃ[˝„]Ã[˝' ÂGÁ_]Á_ ◊]ªRÙOÁcÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ \ˆÁÃ[˝
%Á]ÁÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝* %Á◊] ÂY„Ã[˝ =Pˆ◊ªK˜ XÁ* TˆÁc˜Á ªK˜ÁQÕˆÁ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ◊X„LÃ[˝ EıÁLC %Á‰ªK˜,
TˆÁc˜ÁC ÂZı◊_„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝ XÁ*
%Á]ÁÃ[˝ AEıªRÙO› EıUÁ £◊X„[˝ ◊Eı? %Á]ÁÃ[˝ AFX [˝QÕˆ V«\ˆ¤Á[˝XÁÃ[˝ a]Ã^, ªJÙÁ◊Ã[˝◊V„Eı
Â^ ªRÙOÁX Y‰QÕˆ‰ªK˜ YÁG_ c˜cÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ EıUÁ* AcÕ a]Ã^ T«ˆ◊] %◊ÿöˆÃ[˝ c˜cÕ„_ %Á]ÁÃ[˝C
◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ C V«\ˆ¤Á[˝XÁ [˝ ◊à˘ c˜Ã^, T«ˆ◊] =daÁc˜ C aÁ‹ôˆùXÁ]Ã^ ◊ªJÙ◊Pˆ ◊_◊F„_ %Á]ÁÃ[˝
◊[˝„`b `◊N˛_Á\ˆ c˜cÕ„[˝, Y“Z«ı{◊ªJÙ„w¯ a[˝ ◊[˝YV C \ˆÃ^ %◊Tˆy‘] Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝[˝*
LÁ◊X ÂVCH„Ã[˝ A„Eı_Á UÁ◊Eı„Tˆ ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ EırÙ c˜Ã^, Tˆ„[˝ ]X„Eı V ªRÕÙ Eı◊Ã[˝„_ A[˝e
◊[˝`üÁ„aÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ ◊X\ˆ¤Ã[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„_ V«fF TˆTˆ ]„XÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ %Á◊W˝YTˆÓ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝„[˝
XÁ* ^FX ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ a◊c˜Tˆ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ◊[˝[˝Ác˜ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜, ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ \ˆÁ„GÓ AcÕ V«fF
%◊X[˝Á^ÔÓ, ]Á„Mı ]Á„Mı ◊[˝‰¨K˜V c˜cÕ„[˝cÕ, EıÁÃ[˝S %Á◊] aÁW˝ÁÃ[˝S [˝ÁÜÁ_›Ã[˝ ]Tˆ
Y◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ [˝Á ÿëˆL„XÃ[˝ a«F L›[˝„XÃ[˝ ]«FÓ =„Å`Ó Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝ XÁ* AcÕ %[˝ÿöˆÁÃ^
%Á]ÁÃ[˝ W˝∂ˆÇÔcÕ ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ W˝∂ˆÇÔ, %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ◊X◊Å¤rÙ EıÁ„LÃ[˝ aZı_TˆÁÃ^ ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ a«F XÁ
\ˆÁ◊[˝„_ ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ %XÓ =YÁÃ^ XÁcÕ* %ÁÃ[˝ AEıªRÙOÁ EıUÁ, ^Ác˜Á„VÃ[˝ a„Ü T«ˆ◊] AFX
UÁEı, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á %„X„Eı ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ mÃ[˝”LX, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á EıªR«ÙO [˝ÁEıÓ [˝◊_„_, %XÓÁÃ^
EıUÁ [˝◊_„_, TÛÁ◊Y TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ Ã[˝ÁG Eı„Ã[˝Á XÁ* %ÁÃ[˝ ^Ác˜Á [˝„_X TˆÁc˜Á
Â^ a[˝cÕ TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ ]„XÃ[˝ EıUÁ [˝Á ÂTˆÁ]Á„Eı V«fF ◊V[˝ÁÃ[˝ L„XÓ [˝_Á c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜ TˆÁc˜Á
◊[˝`üÁa Eı„Ã[˝Á XÁ* %„XEı[˝ÁÃ[˝ Ã[˝Á„GÃ[˝ ]ÁUÁÃ^ XÁ Â\ˆ„[˝ EıUÁ Â[˝„Ã[˝ÁÃ^, TˆÁc˜Á W˝„Ã[˝
UÁEıÁ \ˆÁ_ XÃ^* ^◊V ◊XTˆÁ‹ôˆ XÁ UÁ◊Eı„Tˆ YÁÃ[˝ %Á◊] ◊G◊Ã[˝` [˝Á[˝«„Eı [˝◊_[˝,
ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ VÁVÁ]c˜Á`Ã^ [˝ÁQÕˆ›„Tˆ UÁ◊Eı„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝X %Á◊] ^Tˆ◊VX Eıe‰G–„a UÁ◊Eı*
%Á◊] %ÁL Â]◊VX›Y«„Ã[˝ ^Á[˝* ◊Zı„Ã[˝ A„a AFÁXEıÁÃ[˝ a[˝ [˝Ó[˝ÿöˆÁ Eı„Ã[˝ a«Ã[˝Á‰ªRÙO
^Á[˝* c˜Ã^Tˆ 15th or 16thcÕ ^ÁCÃ^Á c˜cÕ„[˝* LÁX«Ã^Á◊Ã[˝ 2Ã[˝Á TˆÁ◊Ã[˝„F ◊Zı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á
%Á◊a[˝*
ÂTˆÁ----
23 Scott's Lane,
Calcutta
21-2-08
Eı„_„LÃ[˝ ]ÁcÕ„X ÂY„Tˆ ÂV◊Ã[˝ c˜„[˝ [˝„_ Ã[˝ÁW˝ÁE«ı]«V ]«FÁ#fiÃ[˝ EıÁ‰ªK˜ Yá˚Á`
ªRÙOÁEıÁ W˝ÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á YÁPˆÁcÕ_Á]* %◊[˝XÁ`„Eı YÁPˆÁcÕ„Tˆ [˝◊_Ã^Á◊ªK˜, Âa ÊªRÙO◊_G–ÁZı
] SÁ◊_X›„V[˝›„Eı ◊_◊FTˆ 391
Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á YÁPˆÁcÕÃ^Á UÁ◊Eı„[˝, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ XÁ„] YÁPˆÁcÕ„Tˆ \«ˆ◊_Ã^Á ÂG_Á]* TˆÁc˜Á
c˜cÕ„Tˆ \ˆÁQÕˆÁÃ[˝ ªRÙOÁEıÁ [˝ÁV ◊VÃ^Á ^Á [˝Á◊Eı UÁ„Eı EıTÊıªRÙOÁ ]ÁÃ[˝ L„XÓ Ã[˝Á◊FÃ^Á EıTÊıªRÙOÁ
W˝ÁÃ[˝ ªJ«ÙEıÁcÕÃ^Á ◊V„[˝* %ÁGÁ]› ]Á„a ÂZı[˝–”Ã^Á◊Ã[˝ C LÁX«Ã^Á◊Ã[˝ ]Á„aÃ[˝ ]Á◊c˜XÁ ◊TˆX`
ªRÙOÁEıÁ YÁcÕ[˝, TˆFX [˝Á◊Eı W˝ÁÃ[˝ ªJ«ÙEıÁcÕ„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝[˝*
%Á„G Â^ ◊ªJÙ◊Pˆ ◊_„F◊ªK˜_Á], TˆÁÃ[˝ EıUÁ AFX UÁEı* T«ˆ◊] A„_ a[˝ EıUÁ
[˝◊_[˝, ßE«ı] YÁcÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜, %ÁÃ[˝ XÁ [˝◊_Ã^Á UÁ◊Eı„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝[˝ XÁ* %ÁL AcÕ Y^ÔÓ‹ôˆ*
%„XEı ◊VX ÂTˆÁ]Á„Eı ◊ªJÙ◊Pˆ ◊_◊F XÁcÕ* %Á]ÁÃ[˝ Â[˝ÁW˝ c˜Ã^ `›H– %Á]Á„VÃ[˝
L›[˝„X AEıªRÙO› [˝ c˜d Y◊Ã[˝[˝wÔ¯X c˜cÕ„[˝* ^◊V c˜Ã^, TˆÁc˜Á c˜cÕ„_ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ aEı_
%\ˆÁ[˝ V…Ã[˝ c˜cÕ„[˝* ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ cÕ¨K˜ÁÃ[˝ %„Yl˘ÁÃ^ Ã[˝◊c˜_Á]* %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝C Â`b
Y◊Ã[˝[˝wÔ¯X c˜cÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜* ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ %Á„[˝` HX HX c˜cÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜* AEı[˝ÁÃ[˝ AcÕ Y◊Ã[˝[˝wÔ¯X
Â`b c˜cÕ„_, %Á„[˝` ÿöˆÁÃ^› c˜cÕ„_, %ÁÃ[˝ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ◊[˝‰¨K˜V UÁ◊Eı„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ XÁ*
EıÁÃ[˝S Â^ÁG◊a◊à˘Ã[˝ ◊VX ◊XEıªRÙO[˝w¯fi* TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ YÃ[˝ a+…SÔ EıÁ„^ÔÓÃ[˝ ÊÿÉˆÁTˆ* EıÁ_
YÃ[˝£Ã[˝ ]„W˝Ó ÂEıÁX _l˘S Y“EıÁ` c˜cÕ„[˝* TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ YÃ[˝ ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ a„Ü ÂVFÁ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝*
] SÁ◊_X›,
%„XEı◊VX c˜_ ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ ◊ªJÙ◊Pˆ ÂY„Ã^◊ªK˜, =w¯Ã[˝ ◊V„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝ ◊X* TˆÁÃ[˝ Eı„ÃÊı◊VX
Y„Ã[˝ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ LQÕˆ[˝d %[˝ÿöˆÁ c˜„Ã^ a[[˝ÔY“EıÁÃ[˝ Eı∂ˆÇÔ C Â_FÁ [˝µ˘ EıÃ[˝Á c˜„Ã^‰ªK˜*
%ÁL %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ Y“[˝ ◊w¯ ÂL„G‰ªK˜, ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ^ ◊ªJÙ◊PˆÃ[˝ =w¯Ã[˝ ◊V„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝_Á]*
[˝Á◊Ã[˝X„Eı ◊_◊FTˆ
Y◊â¯‰ªJÙÃ[˝›
April, 1920
Âÿoˆ„c˜Ã[˝ [˝Á◊Ã[˝X,
ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ ◊TˆXªRÙO› ◊ªJÙ◊Pˆ ÂY„Ã^◊ªK˜ (TˆÁÃ[˝YÃ[˝ %ÁL %ÁÃ[˝ AEıªRÙO›), AcÕ Y^ÔÓ‹ôˆ =w¯Ã[˝
Â_FÁ c˜„Ã^ =‰Pˆ ◊X* AcÕ Â^ ◊_F„Tˆ [˝„a◊ªK˜, ÂaªRÙOÁC AEıªRÙOÁ miracle, ÂEıX
XÁ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ◊ªJÙ◊Pˆ Â_FÁ c˜Ã^ once in a blue moon, ---- ◊[˝„`b [˝ÁÜ_ÁÃ^ Â_FÁ,
^Ác˜Á AcÕ YgÁªJÙ aÁTˆ [˝da„Ã[˝ AEı[˝ÁÃ[˝C Eı◊Ã[˝ ◊X* Â`b Eı„Ã[˝ ^◊V postA ◊V„Tˆ
YÁ◊Ã[˝, TˆÁc˜Á c„_cÕ ªmiracle ªRÙO› a+…SÔ c˜Ã^*
Y“U] ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ Â^Á„GÃ[˝ EıUÁ* T«ˆ◊] %Á]Á„EıcÕ ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ Â^Á„GÃ[˝ \ˆÁÃ[˝ ◊V„Tˆ
ªJÙÁC, %Á◊]C ◊X„Tˆ Ã[˝ÁL›, --- TˆÁÃ[˝ %UÔ, ◊^◊X %Á]Á„Eı ÂTˆÁ]Á„Eı Y“EıÁ„`ÓcÕ
Âc˜ÏEı, ÂGÁY„XcÕ Âc˜ÏEı TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ \ˆÁG[˝Tˆ› `◊N˛ •ÁÃ[˝Á ªJÙÁ_Á‰¨K˜X, TgˆÁ„EıcÕ ÂVCÃ^Á*
Tˆ„[˝ AÃ[˝ AcÕ Zı_ %[˝`ÓêˆÁ[˝› LÁX„[˝ Â^ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝cÕ Vw¯ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ Â^ÁGY‹öˆÁ
--- ^Ác˜Á„Eı Y…SÔ„^ÁG [˝◊_ --- ÂacÕ Y‹öˆÁÃ^ ªJÙ◊_„Tˆ c˜cÕ„[˝* %Á]Ã[˝Á ^Ác˜Á %Á◊_Y«Ã[˝
ÂL„_ Eıw«Ô¯], ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ %Áâ¯Á]ÁX Â\ˆÁ„GÃ[˝ a]Ã^ T«ˆ◊] ^Ác˜Á Eı„Ã[˝ªK˜, AªRÙO› ◊ªPÊı TˆÁc˜Á
XÃ^* ^Á ◊X„Ã^ %ÁÃ[˝êˆ Eı„Ã[˝◊ªK˜_Á], Â_„_ ^Á ◊V„Ã^◊ªK˜„_X, ÂL„_ ^Á Eı„Ã[˝◊ªK˜, ÂaªRÙO›
◊ªK˜_ YU ÂFgÁLÁÃ[˝ %[˝ÿöˆÁ, A◊VEı C◊VEı H«„Ã[˝ ÂVFÁ, Y«Ã[˝ÁTˆX aEı_ Fâ¯ Â^Á„GÃ[˝
AªRÙO› CªRÙO› ÊªKg˜ÁÃ^Á ÂTˆÁ_Á c˜Á„Tˆ ◊X„Ã^ YÃ[˝›l˘Á EıÃ[˝Á, AªRÙOÁÃ[˝ AEı Ã[˝Eı] Y«„Ã[˝Á %X«\…ˆ◊Tˆ
ÂY„Ã^ CªRÙOÁÃ[˝ ◊YªK˜„X ^ÁCÃ^Á* TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ YÃ[˝ Y◊â¯‰ªJÙÃ[˝›„Tˆ A„a AcÕ ªJÙá˚_ %[˝ÿöˆÁ
ÂEı‰ªRÙO ÂG_, %‹ôˆ^ÔÓÁ]› LGVÀmÃ[˝” %Á]Á„Eı %Á]ÁÃ[˝ Y‹öˆÁÃ[˝ Y…SÔ ◊X„Å¤` ◊V„_X,
TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ a+…SÔ theory, Â^ÁG `Ã[˝›„Ã[˝Ã[˝ V`ªRÙO› %Ü* AcÕ V` [˝daÃ[˝ W˝„Ã[˝ TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝cÕ
development EıÃ[˝Á‰¨K˜X %X«\…ˆ◊Tˆ„Tˆ, AFXC Â`b c˜Ã^◊X* %ÁÃ[˝ V«cÕ [˝daÃ[˝
_ÁG„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝* %ÁÃ[˝ ^Tˆ◊VX Â`b XÁ c˜Ã^, Â[˝ÁW˝ c˜Ã^ [˝ÁÜÁ_ÁÃ^ ◊ZıÃ[˝„Tˆ YÁÃ[˝„[˝Á
XÁ* Y◊â¯‰ªJÙÃ[˝›cÕ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ Â^ÁG◊a◊à˘Ã[˝ ◊X◊Å¤rÙ ÿöˆ_ --- %[˝`ÓcÕ AEı %Ü ªK˜ÁQÕˆÁ,
ÂaªRÙOÁ c˜‰¨K˜ Eı∂ˆÇÔ* %Á]ÁÃ[˝ Eı„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ ÂEı≥V– [˝Ü„V`, ^◊VC %Á`Á Eı◊Ã[˝ TˆÁÃ[˝ Y◊Ã[˝◊W˝
c˜„[˝ a]ÿôˆ \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ C a]ÿôˆ Y ◊U[˝›*
Â^ÁGY‹öˆÁªRÙO› ◊Eı, TˆÁc˜Á Y„Ã[˝ ◊_◊F[˝ --- %U[˝Á T«ˆ◊] ^◊V AFÁ„X %Áa, TˆFXcÕ
ÂacÕ EıUÁ c˜„[˝, AcÕ a[˝ ◊[˝b„Ã^ Â_FÁ EıUÁÃ[˝ ÊªJÙ„Ã^ ]«„FÃ[˝ EıUÁ \ˆÁ_* AFX
AcÕ ]Áy [˝◊_„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝, Â^ Y…SÔ p˚ÁX, Y…SÔ Eı∂ˆÇÔ C Y…SÔ \ˆ◊N˛Ã[˝ aÁ]taÓ C
[˝Á◊Ã[˝X„Eı ◊_◊FTˆ 393
BEıÓ„Eı ]ÁX◊aEı \…ˆ◊]Ã[˝ (level) =Y„Ã[˝ T«ˆ◊_Ã^Á ]„XÃ[˝ %Tˆ›Tˆ ◊[˝p˚ÁX\…ˆ◊]„Tˆ Y…SÔ
◊aà˘ EıÃ[˝Á c˜‰¨K˜ TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ]…_ Tˆ√º¯* Y«Ã[˝ÁTˆX Â^Á„GÃ[˝ ÂVÁb AcÕ ◊ªªK˜_ Â^ Âa
]X[˝«◊à˘„Eı LÁXTˆ %ÁÃ[˝ %Á±¡Á„Eı LÁXTˆ, ]„XÃ[˝ ]„W˝ÓcÕ %W˝ÓÁ±¡ %X«\…ˆ◊Tˆ ÂY„Ã^
a‹ô«ˆ rÙ UÁEıTˆ, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ]X Fâ¯„EıcÕ %ÁÃ^w¯ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝, %X‹ôˆ %Fâ¯„Eı a+…SÔ
W˝◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ XÁ, W˝◊Ã[˝„Tˆ c˜„_ a]Á◊W˝ Â]Ál˘ ◊X[[˝ÔÁS cÕTˆÓÁ◊VcÕ ]„XÃ[˝ =YÁÃ^, %ÁÃ[˝
=YÁÃ^ XÁcÕ* ÂacÕ _l˘Sc˜›X Â]Ál˘_Á\ˆ AEı AEı LX Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ [˝‰ªRÙO ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ
_Á\ˆ ◊Eı? [˝–°˘ %Á±¡Á \ˆG[˝ÁX Tˆ %Á‰ªK˜XcÕ, \ˆG[˝ÁX ]ÁX«„b ^Á ªJÙÁX, ÂaªRÙO› c˜‰¨K˜
TgˆÁc˜Á„Eı AFÁ„XcÕ ]…◊wÔ¯]ÁX EıÃ[˝Á [˝Ó◊rÙ„Tˆ, a]◊rÙ„Tˆ --- to realise God in life*
Y«Ã[˝ÁTˆX Â^ÁGY“SÁ_› %W˝ÓÁ±¡ C L›[˝„XÃ[˝ aÁ]taÓ [˝Á BEıÓ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ ◊X,
LGd„Eı ]ÁÃ^Á [˝Á %◊XTˆÓ _›_Á [˝„_ =◊QÕˆ„Ã^ ◊V„Ã^‰ªK˜* Zı_ c˜„Ã^‰ªK˜ L›[˝X`◊N˛Ã[˝
‚—˜Áa, \ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝ %[˝X◊Tˆ* G›TˆÁÃ^ ^Á [˝_Á c˜„Ã^‰ªK˜, ""=da›„VÃ^«◊Ã[˝„] Â_ÁEıÁ X
E«ı^ÔÓÁe Eı∂ˆÇÔ ÊªJÙVc˜]À'', \ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝ ""cÕ„] Â_ÁEıÁf'' aTˆÓcÕ aTˆÓcÕ =da~ c˜„Ã^ ÂG‰ªK˜*
Eı„ÃÊıLX a~ÓÁa› C È[˝Ã[˝ÁG› aÁW˝« ◊aà˘ ]«N˛ c˜„Ã^ ^Á„[˝, Eı„ÃÊıLX \ˆN˛ ÊY“„]
\ˆÁ„[˝ %ÁX„≥V %W˝›Ã[˝ c˜„Ã^ X TˆÓ Eı„[[˝Ô, %ÁÃ[˝ a]ÿôˆ LÁ◊Tˆ Y“ÁSc˜›X [˝«◊à˘c˜›X c˜„Ã^
ÂHÁÃ[˝ Tˆ„]Á\ˆÁ„[˝ Q«ˆ„[˝ ^Á„[˝, A ◊EıÃ[˝÷Y %W˝ÓÁ±¡◊a◊à˘? %Á„G ]ÁX◊aEı levelA
^Tˆ Fâ¯ %X«\…ˆ◊Tˆ ÂY„Ã^ ]X„Eı %W˝ÓÁ±¡Ã[˝aY¿«Tˆ, %W˝ÓÁ„±¡Ã[˝ %Á„_Á„Eı %Á„_Á◊EıTˆ
Eı„wÔ¯ c˜Ã^, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ YÃ[˝ =Y„Ã[˝ CPˆÁ* =Y„Ã[˝ XÁ =◊Pˆ„_ --- %UÔÁd ◊[˝p˚ÁX\…ˆ◊]„Tˆ,
LG„TˆÃ[˝ Â`b Ã[˝cãÓ LÁXÁ %aêˆ[˝, LG„TˆÃ[˝ a]aÓÁ solved c˜Ã^ XÁ* ÂaFÁ„XcÕ
%Á±¡Á C LGd, %W˝ÓÁ±¡ C L›[˝X, AcÕ •„≥•Ã[˝ %◊[˝VÓÁ H«‰ªJÙ ^ÁÃ^* TˆFX LGd
%ÁÃ[˝ ]ÁÃ^Á [˝„_ ÂVF„Tˆ c˜Ã^ XÁ, LGd \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ aXÁTˆX _›_Á, %Á±¡ÁÃ[˝ ◊XTˆÓ
◊[˝EıÁ`* TˆFX \ˆG[˝ÁX„Eı Y…SÔ\ˆÁ„[˝ LÁXÁ YÁCÃ^Á aêˆ[˝ c˜Ã^, G›TˆÁÃ^ ^Á„Eı [˝„_
""a]G–e ]Áe p˚ÁT«ê Y“◊[˝r«Ù]À''* %~]Ã^ ÂVc˜, Y“ÁS, ]X[˝«◊à˘, ◊[˝p˚ÁX, %ÁX≥V AcÕ
c˜_ %Á±¡ÁÃ[˝ YgÁªJÙªRÙO› \…ˆ◊], ^TˆcÕ =ªJ«Ù„Tˆ =◊Pˆ, ]ÁX«„bÃ[˝ spiritual evolutionAÃ[˝
ªJÙÃ[˝] ◊a◊à˘Ã[˝ %[˝ÿöˆÁ ◊XEıªRÙO c˜„Ã^ %Á„a* ◊[˝p˚Á„X CPˆÁÃ^ %ÁX„≥V CPˆÁ ac˜L c˜„Ã^
^ÁÃ^, %Fâ¯ %X‹ôˆ %ÁX„≥VÃ[˝ %[˝ÿöˆÁÃ[˝ ◊ÿöˆÃ[˝ Y“◊TˆúˆÁ c˜Ã^ £W˝« ◊≈yEıÁ_ÁTˆ›Tˆ YÃ[˝[˝–„°˘
XÃ^, ÂV„c˜ LG„Tˆ L›[˝„X* Y…SÔ aw¯Á Y…SÔ ËªJÙTˆXÓ Y…SÔ %ÁX≥V ◊[˝Eı◊`Tˆ c˜„Ã^
L›[˝„X ]…wÔ¯ c˜Ã^* AcÕ ÊªJÙrÙÁcÕ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ Â^ÁGY‹öˆÁÃ[˝ central clue, TˆÁÃ[˝ ]…_ EıUÁ*
AcÕÃ[˝÷Y c˜CÃ^Á ac˜L XÃ^, AcÕ Y„XÃ[˝ [˝daÃ[˝ Y„Ã[˝cÕ %Á◊] AcÕ]Áy ◊[˝p˚Á„XÃ[˝
◊TˆXªRÙO› ÿôˆ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ◊X∂oˆTˆ] ÿôˆ„Ã[˝ =‰Pˆ X›‰ªJÙÃ[˝ aEı_ [˝ ◊w¯ TˆÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó ÊªRÙO„X T«ˆ_[˝ÁÃ[˝
=„VÓÁ„G %Á◊ªK˜* Tˆ„[˝ AcÕ ◊a◊à˘ ^FX Y…SÔ c˜„[˝, TˆFX \ˆG[˝ÁX %Á]ÁÃ[˝ through
◊V„Ã^ %YÃ[˝„EıC %î %ÁÃ^Á„a ◊[˝p˚ÁX◊a◊à˘ ◊V„[˝X, AÃ[˝ ◊EıªK«˜ ]Áy a„≥Vc˜ XÁcÕ*
TˆFX %Á]ÁÃ[˝ %Áa_ EıÁ„LÃ[˝ %ÁÃ[˝êˆ c˜„[˝* %Á◊] Eı∂ˆÇÔ◊a◊à˘Ã[˝ L„XÓ %W˝›Ã[˝ X◊c˜*
^Ác˜Á c˜[˝ÁÃ[˝, \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ ◊X◊Å¤rÙ a]„Ã^ c˜„[˝, =XΩ„w¯Ã[˝ ]TˆX ªK«˜‰ªRÙO l«˘V– %c˜„]Ã[˝
`◊N˛„Tˆ Eı∂ˆÇÔ„l˘‰y MgıÁY ◊V„Tˆ Y“[˝ ◊w¯ XÁcÕ* ^◊V Eı∂ˆÇÔ◊a◊à˘ XÁC c˜Ã^, %Á◊]
ÈW˝^ÔÓªJ«ÙÓTˆ c˜[˝ XÁ, AcÕ Eı∂ˆÇÔ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ XÃ^, \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝* %Á◊] %ÁÃ[˝ EıÁÃ[˝”Ã[˝ QˆÁEı
£X[˝ XÁ, \ˆG[˝ÁX ^FX ªJÙÁ_Á„[˝X, TˆFX ªJÙ_[˝*
[˝ÁÜÁ_Á Â^ Y“ÿô«ˆTˆ XÃ^, %Á◊] LÁ◊X* Â^ %W˝ÓÁ„±¡Ã[˝ [˝XÓÁ A„a‰ªK˜, Âa c˜‰¨K˜
%„XEıªRÙOÁ Y«Ã[˝ÁTˆ„XÃ[˝ X…TˆX Ã[˝÷Y ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ %Áa_ Ã[˝÷YÁ‹ôˆÃ[˝ XÃ^* Tˆ„[˝ AÃ[˝C VÃ[˝EıÁÃ[˝
◊ªK˜_* [˝ÁÜÁ_Á ^Tˆ Y«Ã[˝ÁTˆX Â^ÁG„Eı ◊X„LÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó LÁ◊G„Ã^ ÂacÕm◊_Ã[˝ aeïıÁÃ[˝
exhaust Eı„Ã[˝ %Áa_ aÁÃ[˝ªRÙO› _„Ã^ L◊] =[[˝ÔÃ[˝ Eı„[[˝Ô* %Á„G ◊ªK˜_ Â[˝VÁ„‹ôˆÃ[˝
YÁ_Á, %Í•Tˆ[˝ÁV, a~ÓÁa, `·¯„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ]ÁÃ^Á cÕTˆÓÁ◊V* ^Ác˜Á AFX c˜‰¨K˜, ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝
[˝SÔXÁ ÂV„F Â[˝ÁMıÁ ^ÁÃ^, AcÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ È[˝b’[˝ W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ YÁ_Á, _›_Á, ÊY“], \ˆÁ„[˝Ã[˝
%ÁX„≥V Â]„Tˆ ^ÁCÃ^Á* AcÕm◊_ %◊Tˆ Y«Ã[˝ÁTˆX, X[˝^«„GÃ[˝ %X«Y„^ÁG›, ◊ªRÙOEı‰ªTˆ
YÁ„Ã[˝ XÁ, AcÕÃ[˝÷Y =XΩÁVXÁ ◊ªRÙOEı[˝ÁÃ[˝ X„c˜* Tˆ„[˝ È[˝b’[˝ \ˆÁ„[˝Ã[˝ AcÕ mS %Á„ªK˜
Â^ \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ a„Ü LG„TˆÃ[˝ AEıªRÙO› a∂ëˆµ˘ Ã[˝Á„F, L›[˝„XÃ[˝ AEıªRÙO› %UÔ c˜Ã^*
Fâ¯\ˆÁ[˝ [˝„_ Y…SÔ a∂ëˆµ˘, Y…SÔ %UÔ XÁcÕ* Â^ V_ÁV◊_Ã[˝ \ˆÁ[˝ _l˘Ó Eı„Ã[˝ªK˜, ÂaªRÙO›
%◊X[˝Á^ÔÓ* ]„XÃ[˝ W˝∂ˆÇÔ AcÕ, Fâ¯„Eı _„Ã^ TˆÁc˜Á„Eı Y…SÔ [˝_Á, %ÁÃ[˝ aEı_ Fâ¯„Eı
[˝◊c˜õ ıTˆ EıÃ[˝Á* Â^ ◊aà˘ \ˆÁ[˝ªRÙO› ◊X„Ã^ %Á„aX, ◊Tˆ◊X Fâ¯\ˆÁ[˝ %[˝_∂ëˆX Eı„Ã[˝C
Y…„SÔÃ[˝ aµ˘ÁX EıTÊıªRÙOÁ Ã[˝Á„FX, ]…wÔ¯ Eı„wÔ¯ XÁ YÁ◊Ã[˝„_C; ◊`„bÓÃ[˝Á TˆÁc˜Á YÁÃ^ XÁ,
]…wÔ¯ X„c˜ [˝„_* Yg«ªRÙO◊_ [˝gÁW˝‰ªK˜ [˝gÁW˝«Eı, ÂV„` \ˆG[˝ÁX Â^ ◊VX Y…SÔ %[˝Tˆ›SÔ c˜„[˝X
Yg«ªRÙO◊_ %ÁY◊X F«„_ ^Á„[˝* AcÕ aEı_ c˜‰¨K˜ %Y…SÔTˆÁÃ[˝, EgıÁªJÙÁ %[˝ÿöˆÁÃ[˝ _l˘S,
TˆÁ„Tˆ ◊[˝ªJÙ◊_Tˆ c˜cÕ XÁ* %W˝ÓÁ±¡ \ˆÁ[˝ ÂF_«Eı ÂV„`, Â^ \ˆÁ„[˝cÕ Âc˜ÏEı, ^Tˆ V„_cÕ
Âc˜ÏEı, Y„Ã[˝ ÂVFÁ ^ÁÂ[˝* AªRÙO› X[˝^«„GÃ[˝ È``[˝, A]X ◊Eı embryonic %[˝ÿöˆÁ*
%Á\ˆÁa ]Áy, %ÁÃ[˝êˆ XÃ^*
TˆÁÃ[˝YÃ[˝ ]◊Tˆ„VÃ[˝ EıUÁ* ]◊Tˆ_Á_ ^Ác˜Á %Á]ÁÃ[˝ EıÁ‰ªK˜ ÂY„Ã^‰ªK˜, Âa c˜Ã^
%Á]ÁÃ[˝ Â^Á„GÃ[˝ Y“U] Y“◊TˆúˆÁ, ◊\ˆ◊w¯ --- %Á±¡a]YÔS, a]TˆÁ cÕTˆÓÁ◊V, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝cÕ
%X«`›_X Eı„Ã[˝ %Áa‰ªK˜, a+…SÔ c˜Ã^◊X, --- AcÕ Â^Á„GÃ[˝ AEıªRÙO› ◊[˝◊`rÙTˆÁ AcÕ
Â^ ◊a◊à˘ AEıªªR«ÙO =Y„Ã[˝ XÁ =Pˆ„_ ◊\ˆ◊w¯C YÁEıÁ c˜Ã^ XÁ* AFX ]◊Tˆ_Á_ %ÁÃ[˝C
=ªJ«Ù„Tˆ =Pˆ„Tˆ ªJÙÁÃ^* TˆÁÃ[˝ %Á„G %„XEı Y«Ã[˝ÁTˆX aeïıÁÃ[˝ ◊ªK˜_, Eı„ÃÊıªRÙO› F„a‰ªK˜,
Eı„ÃÊıªRÙO› AFXC %Á‰ªK˜* %Á„G ◊ªK˜_ a~ÓÁ„aÃ[˝ aeïıÁÃ[˝, %Ã[˝◊[˝≥V ]Pˆ Eı„wÔ¯
[˝Á◊Ã[˝X„Eı ◊_◊FTˆ 395
ÊªªJÙ„Ã^◊ªK˜_*, AFX [˝«◊à˘ Â]„X‰ªK˜ a~ÓÁa ªJÙÁcÕ XÁ, Y“Á„S ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ÂacÕ Y«Ã[˝ÁTˆ„XÃ[˝ ªK˜ÁY
AFX A„Eı[˝Á„Ã[˝ ]«‰ªK˜ ^ÁÃ^ ◊X* Âa L„XÓ aeaÁ„Ã[˝ ÂU„Eı TˆÓÁG› a~ÓÁa› c˜„Tˆ
[˝„_* EıÁ]XÁ-TˆÓÁ„GÃ[˝ %Á[˝`ÓEıTˆÁ [˝«„Mı‰ªK˜, EıÁ]XÁ TˆÓÁG %ÁÃ[˝ %ÁX≥V„\ˆÁ„GÃ[˝
aÁ]taÓ Y…SÔ\ˆÁ„[˝ W˝◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ ◊X* %ÁÃ[˝ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ Â^ÁGªRÙOÁ ◊X„Ã^◊ªK˜_, Â^]X
[˝ÁI¯Á_›Ã[˝ aÁW˝ÁÃ[˝S ÿëˆ\ˆÁ[˝, ÂTˆ]X p˚Á„XÃ[˝ ◊VEı ÂU„Eı XÃ^, Â^]X \ˆ◊N˛Ã[˝ ◊V„Eı,
Eı„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ ◊V„Eı* p˚ÁX EıTÊıªRÙOÁ Z«ı‰ªRÙO‰ªK˜, %„XEı [˝Á◊Eı %Á‰ªK˜, %ÁÃ[˝ \ˆÁ[˝«EıTˆÁÃ[˝
E«ıÃ^Á`Á dissipated c˜Ã^ ◊X, Tˆ„[˝ Â^]X ◊X◊[˝QÕˆ ◊ªK˜_ ÂTˆ]X %ÁÃ[˝ XÁcÕ* aÁ◊√º¯EıTˆÁÃ[˝
Gâ¯› Y«„Ã[˝Á]ÁyÁÃ^ EıÁªRÙO„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ ◊X, %c˜e AFXC Ã[˝„Ã^‰ªK˜* AEı EıUÁÃ^ TˆÁÃ[˝
development ªJÙ_‰ªK˜, Y…SÔ c˜Ã^ ◊X* %Á]ÁÃ[˝C ÂEıÁX TˆÁQÕˆÁTˆÁ◊QÕˆ XÁcÕ, %Á◊]
TˆÁ„Eı ◊X„LÃ[˝ ÿëˆ\ˆÁ[˝ %X«aÁ„Ã[˝ develop Eı„wÔ¯ ◊V◊¨K˜* AEı ªKg˜Á‰ªJÙ aEı_„Eı ªRÙÁ_„Tˆ
ªJÙÁcÕ XÁ, %Áa_ ◊L◊XaªRÙO› aEı„_Ã[˝ ]„W˝Ó AEı c˜„[˝, Tˆ„[˝ XÁXÁ \ˆÁ„[˝ XÁXÁ ]…◊wÔ¯„Tˆ
Z«ıªRÙO„[˝* aEı„_ ◊\ˆTˆÃ[˝ ÂU„Eı grow Eı„[[˝Ô, [˝Á◊c˜Ã[˝ ÂU„Eı GPˆX Eı„wÔ¯ ªJÙÁcÕ XÁ,
]◊Tˆ_Á_ ]…_ªRÙO› ÂY„Ã^‰ªK˜, %ÁÃ[˝ a[˝ %Áa„[˝*
T«ˆ◊] [˝_ªK˜, ]◊Tˆ_Á_C ÂEıX Yg«ªRÙO◊_ [˝gÁW˝‰ªK˜, TˆÁÃ[˝ explanation AcÕ* Y“U]
EıUÁ TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ªJÙÁ◊Ã[˝◊V„Eı Eı„ÃÊıLX Â_ÁEı L«‰ªRÙO‰ªK˜ ^ÁÃ[˝Á TˆÁc˜Á„Eı C %Á]Á„Eı LÁ„X,
Âa ^Á ÂY„Ã^‰ªK˜ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ EıÁ‰ªK˜, TˆÁÃ[˝ÁC YÁ‰¨K˜* TˆÁÃ[˝YÃ[˝ %Á◊] Y“[˝wÔ¯„Eı ""a]ÁL
EıUÁ'' [˝„_ AEıªRÙO› l«˘V– Y“[˝µ˘ ◊_„F◊ªK˜_Á], TˆÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó ae„HÃ[˝ EıUÁ [˝„_◊ªK˜_Á],
Â\ˆV Y“◊Tˆúˆ a]ÁL ªJÙÁcÕ XÁ, %Á±¡Y“◊Tˆúˆ %Á±¡ÁÃ[˝ B„EıÓÃ[˝ ]…◊wÔ¯ aeH ªJÙÁcÕ* AcÕ
idea„EıcÕ ]◊Tˆ_Á_ ◊X„Ã^ ÂV[˝aeH XÁ] [˝Á[Ã ˝ Eı„Ã[˝‰Kª ˜* %Á◊] [˝„_◊ªK˜_Á] c˜eO [Ã ˝ÁL›„Tˆ
divine lifeAÃ[˝ EıUÁ, X◊_X› TˆÁÃ[˝ %X«[˝ÁV Eı„Ã[˝ ÂV[˝L›[˝X, ^ÁÃ[˝Á ÂV[˝L›[˝X
ªJÙÁÃ^, TˆÁ„VÃ[˝cÕ aeH ÂV[˝aeH* ]◊Tˆ_Á_ ÂacÕÃ[˝÷Y ae„HÃ[˝ [˝›LÿëˆÃ[˝÷Y ªJÙ≥V~G„Ã[˝
ÿöˆÁYX Eı„Ã[˝ ÂV`]Ã^ ªK˜◊QÕˆ„Ã^ ◊V[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÊªJÙrÙÁ %ÁÃ[˝êˆ Eı„Ã[˝* AcÕÃ[˝÷Y ÊªJÙrÙÁÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝
""%c˜]''AÃ[˝ ªK˜ÁÃ^Á ^◊V Y‰QÕˆ, aeH V„_ Y◊Ã[˝STˆ c˜Ã^* AcÕ W˝ÁÃ[˝SÁ ac˜„L c˜cÕ„Tˆ
YÁ„Ã[˝ Â^, Â^ aeH Â`„b ÂVFÁ ◊V„[˝, AªRÙOÁcÕ TˆÁcÕ, a[˝ c˜„[˝ AcÕ AEı]Áy ÂEı‰≥V–Ã[˝
Y◊Ã[˝◊W˝, ^ÁÃ[˝Á AÃ[˝ [˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝, TˆÁÃ[˝Á ◊\ˆTˆÃ[˝EıÁÃ[˝ Â_ÁEı X„c˜, c˜„_C TˆÁÃ[˝Á }Á‹ôˆ, ◊PÊı
%Á]Á„VÃ[˝ Â^ [˝wÔ¯]ÁX \ˆÁ[˝, TˆÁÃ[˝ a„Ü ◊]„_ XÁ [˝„_* ]◊Tˆ_Á„_Ã[˝ AcÕ \«ˆ_ ^◊V
UÁ„Eı, EıTÊıªRÙOÁ UÁEı[˝ÁÃ[˝ EıUÁ, --- Tˆ„[˝ %Á‰ªK˜ ◊EıXÁ %Á◊] LÁ◊X XÁ, --- ◊[˝„`b
l˘◊Tˆ XÁcÕ, Âa \«ˆ_ ◊ªRÙOEı„[˝ XÁ* TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ •ÁÃ[˝Á %ÁÃ[˝ TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ l«˘V– ]â¯_›Ã[˝ •ÁÃ[˝Á
* ]◊Tˆ_Á„_Ã[˝ ◊ªJÙ◊Pˆ %ÁL ÂY„Ã^◊ªK˜, Âa [˝„_‰ªK˜ -- Âa a·¯î TˆÁ[Ã ˝ EıFXC ◊ªK˜_ XÁ, \«ˆ_ [˝M« ıÁ c˜„^
Ã ‰ªK˜*
%Á]Á„VÃ[˝ %„XEı EıÁL c˜„Ã^‰ªK˜ %ÁÃ[˝ c˜‰¨K˜ Â^ %ÁÃ[˝ ÂEıc˜ A Y^ÔÓ‹ôˆ Eı„wÔ¯ YÁ„Ã[˝
◊X* TˆÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó \ˆÁG[˝Tˆ `◊N˛ work Eı‰¨K˜¤, TˆÁÃ[˝ ÂEıÁXC a„≥Vc˜ XÁcÕ*
T«ˆ◊] c˜Ã^Tˆ [˝_„[˝ ae„HÃ[˝C ◊Eı VÃ[˝EıÁÃ[˝* ]«N˛ c˜„Ã^ a[[˝Ô H‰ªRÙO UÁEı[˝, a[˝
AEıÁEıÁÃ[˝ c˜„Ã^ ^ÁEı, ÂacÕ [˝ c˜d AEıÁEıÁ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ]„W˝Ó ^Á c˜Ã^* Âa a◊TˆÓ EıUÁ, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ
a„TˆÓÃ[˝ AEıªRÙO› ◊VEı ]Áy* %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ EıÁÃ[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ £W˝« ◊XÃ[˝ÁEıÁÃ[˝ %Á±¡Á ◊X„Ã^ XÃ^,
L›[˝X„EıC ªJÙÁ_Á„Tˆ c˜„[˝, %ÁEıÁÃ[˝ ]…◊wÔ¯ ◊\ˆ~ L›[˝„XÃ[˝ effective G◊Tˆ XÁcÕ*
%Ã[˝÷Y Â^ ]…wÔ¯ c˜„Ã^‰ªK˜, Âa XÁ]Ã[˝÷Y G–c˜S ]ÁÃ^ÁÃ[˝ FÁ]„FÃ^Á_› XÃ^, Ã[˝÷„YÃ[˝ ◊XTˆÁ‹ôˆ
Y“„Ã^ÁLX %Á‰ªK˜ [˝„_ Ã[˝÷YG–c˜S* %Á]Ã[˝Á LG„TˆÃ[˝ ÂEıÁXC EıÁ^ÔÓ [˝ÁV ◊V„Tˆ ªJÙÁcÕ
XÁ, Ã[˝ÁLX›◊Tˆ [˝Á◊SLÓ a]ÁL EıÁ[˝Ó ◊`îEı_Á aÁ◊c˜TˆÓ a[˝cÕ UÁEı„[˝, AcÕ aEı_„Eı
X…TˆX Y“ÁS, X…TˆX %ÁEıÁÃ[˝ ◊V„Tˆ c˜„[˝* Ã[˝ÁLX›◊Tˆ„Eı ÊªK˜‰QÕˆ◊ªK˜ ÂEıX? %Á]Á„VÃ[˝
Ã[˝ÁLX›◊Tˆ \ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝ %Áa_ ◊L◊Xa XÃ^ [˝„_, ◊[˝_ÁTˆ› %Á]VÁX›, ◊[˝_ÁTˆ› ªRÙ„I¯Ã[˝
%X«EıÃ[˝S ]Áy* Tˆ„[˝ TˆÁÃ[˝C VÃ[˝EıÁÃ[˝ ◊ªK˜_, %Á]Ã[˝ÁC ◊[˝_ÁTˆ› W˝Ã[˝„SÃ[˝ Ã[˝ÁLX›◊Tˆ
Eı„Ã[˝◊ªK˜, XÁ Eı„{ ÂV` =PˆTˆ XÁ, %Á]Á„VÃ[˝C experience _Á\ˆ C Y…SÔ de-
velopment c˜Tˆ XÁ* AFXC TˆÁÃ[˝ VÃ[˝EıÁÃ[˝ %Á‰ªK˜, [˝Ü„V„` TˆTˆ XÁcÕ, Â^]X
\ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝ %XÓ Y“„V„`* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ AFX a]Ã^ A„a‰ªK˜ ªK˜ÁÃ^Á„Eı ◊[˝ÿôˆÁÃ[˝ XÁ Eı„Ã[˝ [˝ÿô«ˆ„Eı
W˝Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝, \ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝ Y“E ıTˆ %Á±¡Á„Eı LÁ◊G„Ã^ aEı_ Eı∂ˆÇÔ TˆÁÃ[˝cÕ %X«Ã[˝÷Y EıÃ[˝Á ªJÙÁcÕ*
AcÕ V` [˝daÃ[˝ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ influence Â]ÏX\ˆÁ„[˝ AcÕ ◊[˝_ÁTˆ› Ã[˝ÁLX›◊Tˆ H‰ªRÙO
ÊªRÙ„_◊ªK˜, Zı_C c˜„Ã^‰ªK˜, AFXC TˆÁc˜ÁcÕ Eı„wÔ¯ YÁ◊Ã[˝ Â^FÁ„X VÃ[˝EıÁÃ[˝, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ^◊V
[˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝ ◊G„Ã^ %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÂacÕ Eı„∂ˆÇÔ _Á◊G, Ã[˝ÁLX›◊TÊı YÁâ¯Á„VÃ[˝ a„Ü ◊]„` EıÁL
Eı◊Ã[˝, AEıªRÙO› YÃ[˝W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝, AEıªRÙO› ◊]UÓÁ Ã[˝ÁLX›◊TÊı L›[˝„XÃ[˝ ÂYÁbS EıÃ[˝Á c˜„[˝*
Â_Á„Eı AFX Ã[˝ÁLX›◊Tˆ„Eı spiritualise Eı„wÔ¯ ªJÙÁÃ^, Â^]X GÁµ˘›, ◊PÊı YUªRÙO›
W˝„wÔ¯ YÁ‰¨K˜¤ XÁ* GÁµ˘› ◊Eı EıÃ[˝‰ªK˜X? %◊c˜eaÁ YÃ[˝] W˝∂ˆÇÔ, jainism, c˜Ã[˝TˆÁ_,
passive resistance c˜TO ˆÓÁ◊VÃ[˝ ◊FªJÙ« ◊QÕˆ Eı„Ã[˝ aTˆÓÁG–c˜ [˝„_ AEıÃ[˝Eı] Indianised
Tolstoyism ÂV„` %ÁX‰ªK˜X, Zı_ c˜„[˝ ^◊V ÂEıÁXC ÿöˆÁÃ^› Zı_ c˜Ã^ AEı Ã[˝Eı]
Indianised Bolshevism* TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Eı„∂ˆÇÔ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ %ÁY◊w¯ XÁcÕ, ^gÁÃ[˝ Â^ ÊY“Ã[˝SÁ,
◊Tˆ◊X TˆÁc˜ÁcÕ Eı[Ã ˝”X* Tˆ„[˝ AªRÙ›O %Áa_ [˝ÿˆ«ô XÃ^* AcÕ aEı_ %£à˘ [Ã ˝÷„Y spiritual
`◊N˛ ªRÙÁ‰{, EgıÁªJÙÁ H‰ªRÙO EıÁÃ[˝„SÁV◊W˝Ã[˝ L_, c˜Ã^ CcÕ EgıÁªJÙÁ ◊L◊Xa◊ªRÙO Â\ˆ„Ü ^Á„[˝,
L_ ªK˜◊QÕˆ„Ã^ XrÙ c˜„[˝, XÃ^ %W˝ÓÁ±¡ `◊N˛ evaporate Eı„Ã[˝, ÂacÕ %£à˘ Ã[˝÷YcÕ
UÁEı„[˝* a[[˝Ô„l˘‰y TˆÁcÕ* Spiritual influence ªJÙÁ_Á„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝, Â_Á„Eı TˆÁc˜Á
◊X„Ã^ ÂLÁÃ[˝ ÂY„Ã^ EıÁL Eı„[[˝Ô F«[˝ energyÃ[˝ a◊c˜Tˆ, Tˆ„[˝ ÂacÕ `◊N˛ ex-
[˝Á◊Ã[˝X„Eı ◊_◊FTˆ 397
panded c˜„[˝ ◊`[˝]◊≥V„Ã[˝ [˝ÁX„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ]…◊wÔ¯ G‰QÕˆ ÿöˆÁYX Eı„wÔ¯ˆ* [˝ÁXÃ[˝ªRÙO› Y“ÁSY“◊TˆúˆÁÃ^
`◊N˛]ÁX c˜„Ã^ \ˆN˛ c˜X«]ÁX Âa„L Ã[˝Á„]Ã[˝ %„XEı EıÁL c˜Ã^ Tˆ Eı„[[˝Ô ^Tˆ◊VX
ÂacÕ Y“ÁS, ÂacÕ `◊N˛ UÁEı„[˝* %Á]Ã[˝Á ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ]◊≥V„Ã[˝ ªJÙÁcÕ c˜X«]ÁX XÃ^,
ÂV[˝TˆÁ, %[˝TˆÁÃ[˝, ÿëˆÃê Ã[˝Á]*
aEı„_Ã[˝ a„Ü ◊]`„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝ ◊Eı‹ˆ«ô a]ÿôˆ„Eı Y“Eı Tˆ Y„U Rª ÙÁO X[˝Á[Ã ˝ L„XÓ, %Á]Á„VÃ[˝
%ÁV„`ÔÃ[˝ spirit C Ã[˝÷Y„Eı %l«˘| ÂÃ[˝„F* TˆÁc˜Á XÁ Eı„{ ◊V„`c˜ÁÃ[˝Á c˜[˝, Y“E ıTˆ
Eı∂ˆÇÔ c˜„[˝ XÁ* Individually a[[˝Ôy ÂU„Eı ◊EıªK«˜ c˜„[˝ [˝‰ªRÙO, aeHÃ[˝÷„Y a[[˝Ôy
ÂU„Eı TˆÁÃ[˝ `TˆmS c˜Ã^* Tˆ„[˝ AFXC Âa a]Ã^ %Á„a ◊X* TˆÁQÕˆÁTˆÁ◊QÕˆ Ã[˝÷Y ◊V„Tˆ
ÂG„_ ◊PÊı ^Ác˜Á ªJÙÁcÕ, TˆÁc˜Á c˜„[˝ XÁ* aeH c˜„[˝ Y“U] ªJÙQÕˆÁX Ã[˝÷Y; ^ÁÃ[˝Á %ÁV`Ô
ÂY„Ã^‰ªK˜, TˆÁ[Ã ˝Á BEıÓ[˝à˘ c˜„^Ã XÁXÁÿöˆÁ„X EıÁL Eı„[[˝,Ô Y„Ã[˝ spiritual commune[Ã ˝
]Tˆ Ã[˝÷Y ◊V„Ã^ aeH[˝à˘ c˜„Ã^ a[˝ Eı∂ˆÇÔ„Eı %Á±¡ÁX«Ã[˝÷Y ^«GÁX«Ã[˝÷Y %ÁE ı◊Tˆ ◊V„[˝,
Y«Ã[˝ÁTˆX %Á^ÔÓa]Á„LÃ[˝ ]Tˆ `N˛ [˝gÁW˝Á Ã[˝÷Y XÃ^, %ªJÙ_ÁÃ^TˆX XÃ^, ÿëˆÁW˝›X Ã[˝÷Y,
a]«‰V–Ã[˝ ]TˆX ªK˜◊QÕˆ„Ã^ Â^„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝, XÁXÁ \ˆÜ› _„Ã^ AªRÙO›„Eı ◊H„Ã[˝ CªRÙO›„Eı Y¿Á◊[˝Tˆ
Eı„Ã[˝ a[˝„Eı %Á±¡aÁd Eı„[[˝Ô, Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ spiritual community VÒÁQÕˆÁ„[˝*
AªRÙOÁcÕ c˜‰¨K˜ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ [˝Tˆ¤]ÁX idea, AFXC Y«„Ã[˝Á developed c˜Ã^ ◊X* %Á◊_Y«„Ã[˝
W˝ÓÁ„X ^Á A„a‰ªK˜, TˆÁcÕ developed c˜‰¨JÙ, Â`„b ◊Eı VÒÁQÕˆÁ„[˝ Y„Ã[˝ ÂVF[˝* Zı_ªRÙOÁ
\ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ c˜Á„Tˆ, ◊Tˆ◊X ^Á EıÃ[˝ÁX* ]◊Tˆ_Á„_Ã[˝ l«˘V– Â_ÁEıaec˜◊Tˆ AEıªRÙO› experi-
ment ]Áy, ÂVF‰ªK˜ aeH[˝à˘ c˜„Ã^ [˝Á◊SLÓ industry ªJÙÁb cÕTˆÓÁ◊V Eı[[˝ÔÁÃ[˝
=YÁÃ^* %Á◊] `◊N˛ ◊V◊¨K˜, watch Eı◊¨JÙ¤, \ˆ◊[˝bÓ„TˆÃ[˝ ]Á_]`_Á %ÁÃ[˝ useful
suggestionAÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó UÁEı„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝* AFXEıÁÃ[˝ ÂVÁbmS C limitation ÂV„F
judge Eı„Ã[˝Á XÁ* AcÕ aEı„_Ã[˝ AFX ◊XTˆÁ‹ôˆcÕ initial C experimental
%[˝ÿöˆÁ*
TˆÁÃ[˝YÃ[˝ ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ Y„yÃ[˝ Eı„ÃÊıªRÙO› ◊[˝„`b EıUÁÃ[˝ %Á„_ÁªJÙXÁ Eı◊Ã[˝* ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝
Â^Á„GÃ[˝ a∂ëˆ„µ˘ ^Á ◊_„FªK˜, ÂacÕ a∂ëˆ„µ˘ AcÕ Y„y ◊[˝„`b ◊EıªK«˜ ◊_F„Tˆ ªJÙÁcÕ XÁ,
ÂVFÁ c˜„_ a«◊[˝„W˝ c˜„[˝* Tˆ„[˝ AEı EıUÁ ◊_„FªK˜, ]ÁX«„bÃ[˝ a„Ü ÂVc˜ a∂ëˆµ˘ XÁcÕ,
ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ ÊªJÙÁ„F ÂVc˜ `[˝* %UªJÙ ]X ªRÙOÁX„ªK˜ aeaÁÃ[˝ Eı„wÔ¯* ÂacÕ %[˝ÿöˆÁ AFXC
◊Eı %Á‰ªK˜? ÂVc˜„Eı `[˝ ÂVFÁ a~ÓÁ„aÃ[˝, ◊X[[˝ÔÁSY„UÃ[˝ _l˘S* CcÕ \ˆÁ[˝ ◊X„Ã^
aeaÁÃ[˝ EıÃ[˝Á ^ÁÃ^ XÁ* a[[˝Ô[˝ÿô«ˆ„Tˆ %ÁX≥V ªJÙÁcÕ, Â^]X %Á±¡ÁÃ^˝ ÂTˆ]X ÂV„c˜* ÂVc˜
ËªJÙTˆXÓ]Ã^, ÂVc˜ \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ Ã[˝÷Y* ^Ác˜Á %Á‰ªK˜ LG„Tˆ, TˆÁc˜Á„Tˆ \ˆG[˝ÁX„Eı ÂV◊F,
a[[˝Ô◊]Ve [˝–°˘, [˝Áa«„V[˝f a[[˝Ô◊]◊Tˆ, AcÕ V`ÔX ÂY„_ ◊[˝`üÁX≥V c˜Ã^, `Ã[˝›„Ã[˝C
ÂacÕ %ÁX„≥VÃ[˝ ]…wÔ¯ TˆÃ[˝Ü ªK«˜‰ªRÙO, AcÕ %[˝ÿöˆÁÃ^ %W˝ÓÁ±¡\ˆÁ„[˝ Y…SÔ c˜„Ã^ aeaÁÃ[˝
◊[˝[˝Ác˜ a[˝cÕ EıÃ[˝Á ^ÁÃ^, aEı_ Eı„∂ˆÇÔ YÁCÃ^Á ^ÁÃ^ \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ %ÁX≥V]Ã^ ◊[˝EıÁ`*
%„XEı ◊VX ÂU„Eı ]ÁX◊aEı \…ˆ◊]„TˆC ]„XÃ[˝, cÕ◊≥V–„Ã^Ã[˝ aEı_ ◊[˝bÃ^ C %X«\…ˆ◊Tˆ
%ÁX≥V]Ã^ Eı„Ã[˝ T«ˆ„_◊ªK˜, AFX ÂacÕ a[˝ ◊[˝p˚ÁXÁX„≥VÃ[˝ Ã[˝÷Y W˝ÁÃ[˝S Eı‰¨K˜¤* AcÕ
%[˝ÿöˆÁÃ^cÕ a◊¨JÙVÁX„≥VÃ[˝ Y…SÔ V`ÔX C %X«\…ˆ◊Tˆ*
TˆÁÃ[˝YÃ[˝ ÂV[˝ae„HÃ[˝ EıUÁ [˝„_ T«ˆ◊] ◊_„FªK˜, --- ""%Á◊] ÂV[˝TˆÁ XcÕ, %„XEı
◊Y◊ªRÙO„Ã^ `ÁXÁX Â_Ác˜Á*'' ÂV[˝ae„HÃ[˝ Y“E ıTˆ %UÔ %Á◊] [˝„_ ◊V„Ã^◊ªK˜* ÂV[˝TˆÁ
ÂEıc˜cÕ XÃ^, Tˆ„[˝ Y“„TˆÓEı ]ÁX«„bÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó ÂV[˝TˆÁ %Á‰ªK˜, TgˆÁ„EıcÕ Y“EıRª ÙO Eı[Ã ˝Á ÂV[˝L›[˝„XÃ[˝
_l˘Ó* TˆÁ aEı„_ Eı„wÔ¯ YÁ„Ã[˝* [˝QÕˆ %ÁW˝ÁÃ[˝, l«˘V– %ÁW˝ÁÃ[˝ %Á‰ªK˜ ]Á◊X* ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝
◊X„LÃ[˝ a∂ëˆ„µ˘ Âa [˝SÔXÁ„Eı %Á◊] accurate [˝„_ G–c˜S Eı◊¨JÙ¤ XÁ* Tˆ„[˝ Â^Ã[˝÷Y
%ÁW˝ÁÃ[˝cÕ Âc˜ÏEı, AEı[˝ÁÃ[˝ \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ &`Ô ^◊V Y‰QÕˆ, %Á±¡Á ^◊V LÁG–Tˆ c˜Ã^,
TˆÁÃ[˝YÃ[˝ [˝QÕˆ ÊªK˜ÁªRÙO A a„[˝„Tˆ ◊[˝„`b ◊EıªK«˜ %Á„a ^ÁÃ^ XÁ* Â[˝`› [˝ÁW˝Á c˜„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝,
Â[˝`› a]Ã^ _ÁG„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝, ◊[˝EıÁ„`Ã[˝ TˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ]Ó c˜„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝, TˆÁÃ[˝C ◊EıªK«˜ ◊PÊı XÁcÕ*
◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ÂV[˝TˆÁ Âa a[˝ [˝ÁW˝Á X…ÓXTˆÁÃ[˝ ◊cãÁ[˝ Ã[˝Á„F XÁ, ÊPˆ„_ C‰Pˆ* %Á]ÁÃ[˝C
◊Eı Eı] ÂVÁb ◊ªK˜_ ]„XÃ[˝ ◊ªJÙ„w¯Ã[˝ Y“Á„SÃ[˝ ÂV„c˜Ã[˝, [˝Á Eı] [˝ÁW˝Á? a]Ã^ ◊Eı _Á„G
◊X? \ˆG[˝ÁX ◊Eı Eı] ◊Y◊ªRÙO„Ã^‰ªK˜X ◊V„XÃ[˝ YÃ[˝ ◊VX, ]«c…˜„wÔ¯Ã[˝ Y„Ã[˝ ]«c…˜wÔ¯? ÂV[˝TˆÁ
c˜„Ã^◊ªK˜ [˝Á ◊Eı c˜„Ã^◊ªK˜, LÁ◊X XÁ, Tˆ„[˝ ◊EıªK«˜ c˜„Ã^◊ªK˜ [˝Á c˜◊¨K˜ \ˆG[˝ÁX ^Á GQÕˆ„Tˆ
ÊªJÙ„Ã^‰ªK˜X --- TˆÁc˜ÁcÕ ^„UrÙ* aEı„_Ã[˝C TˆÁcÕ* %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ `◊N˛ XÃ^, \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝
`◊N˛ AcÕ Â^Á„GÃ[˝ aÁW˝Eı*
XÁÃ[˝ÁÃ^„SÃ[˝ \ˆÁÃ[˝ ◊X„Ã^ªK˜ \ˆÁ_ c˜„Ã^‰ªK˜* XÁÃ[˝ÁÃ^S %ÁÃ[˝êˆ Eı„Ã[˝◊ªK˜_ Â[˝`, TˆÁÃ[˝YÃ[˝
◊X„LÃ[˝ ªJÙÁ◊Ã[˝◊V„Eı l«˘V– aÁ+“VÁ◊ÃÊı Gâ¯› ÊªRÙO„X, V_ÁV◊_Ã[˝ \ˆÁ[˝ ÂYÁbS Eı„Ã[˝
YªJÙ„Tˆ %ÁÃ[˝êˆ Eı„Ã[˝* X◊_X› Y“U] XÁÃ[˝Á^Ã „S ◊_FTˆ, TˆÁ[Ã ˝Y[Ã ˝ ÿëˆÁW˝›X ]„Tˆ[Ã ˝ %[˝EıÁ`
XÁ ÂY„Ã^ %XÓy Â^„Tˆ [˝ÁW˝Ó c˜„Ã^‰ªK˜* ÂFÁ_Á H„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ]«N˛ c˜ÁCÃ^Á ªJÙÁcÕ, TˆÁ XÁ c˜„_
L›[˝X`◊N˛ UÁEı„[˝ ÂEıX, ]«N˛ %Á„_Á ]«N˛ [˝ÁTˆÁa Y“ÁS`◊N˛Ã[˝ Y“U] %Ác˜ÁÃ[˝*
%Á]ÁÃ[˝ Â_FÁ ÂVCÃ^Á AFX %aêˆ[˝, Y„Ã[˝ ◊V„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝, Tˆ„[˝ Y“[˝wÔ¯„EıÃ[˝C claim
%Á‰ªK˜ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝, V«◊V„EıÃ[˝ call satisfy EıÃ[˝Á Y“U] AEıªªR«ÙO Eı◊PˆX c˜„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝*
ÂVFÁ ^Á„[˝ ^FX [˝ÁÜÁ_Á ◊_F„Tˆ %ÁÃ[˝êˆ Eı[[˝Ô, AFX a]„Ã^Ã[˝ %\ˆÁ[˝* ""%Á^ÔÓ''
ªK˜ÁQÕˆÁ %ÁÃ[˝ ◊EıªK«˜ Â_FÁ %aêˆ[˝, Y“◊Tˆ ]Á„a 64 pages %Á]Á„EıcÕ Â^ÁGÁ„Tˆ c˜Ã^,
Âa Eı] FÁªªR«ÙO◊X XÃ^* TˆÁÃ[˝YÃ[˝ %Á‰ªK˜ Eı◊[˝TˆÁ Â_FÁ, Â^ÁGaÁW˝„XÃ[˝ a]Ã^ ªJÙÁcÕ,
◊[˝`“Á„]Ã[˝ a]Ã^C ªJÙÁcÕ* ""a]ÁL EıUÁ'' --- ^Ác˜Á ÂaÏ◊Ã[˝„XÃ[˝ EıÁ‰ªK˜ Ã[˝„Ã^‰ªK˜ TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝
[˝Á◊Ã[˝X„Eı ◊_◊FTˆ 399
%◊W˝EıÁe` Â[˝ÁW˝ c˜Ã^ Y“[˝wÔ¯„Eı Â[˝◊Ã[˝„Ã^‰ªK˜* %ÁÃ[˝ TˆÁÃ[˝ EıÁ‰ªK˜ ^Ác˜Á %Á‰ªK˜, ÂaªRÙOÁ c˜Ã^
Tˆ %£à˘, Â`b aeïıÁÃ[˝ c˜Ã^ ◊X* %Á„G %Á◊] ÂV◊F ÂaªªRÙOÁ ◊Eı, TˆÁÃ[˝ Y„Ã[˝ XÁÃ[˝ÁÃ^„S
Â[˝Ã[˝”„Tˆ YÁ„[˝ ◊Eı XÁ, ÂVFÁ ^Á„[˝*
Y“[˝wÔ¯„EıÃ[˝ EıUÁ ◊_„FªK˜, Â_Á„Eı [˝«„Mı XÁ, Âa misty, Âcg˜Ã^Á◊_, AcÕ %◊\ˆ„^ÁG
[˝Ã[˝Á[˝Ã[˝ £„X %Áa◊ªK˜* ÿëˆ›EıÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝ ]◊Tˆ[˝Á[˝«Ã[˝ Â_FÁÃ^ TˆTˆ clear-cut ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ XÁcÕ,
[˝QÕˆ H◊X„Ã^ Â_„F* Tˆ„[˝ ÊY“Ã[˝SÁ, `◊N˛, power %Á‰ªK˜* X◊_X› C ]◊ScÕ ◊ªK˜_
%Á„G Y“[˝wÔ¯„EıÃ[˝ Â_FEı, TˆFXC Â_Á„Eı [˝_Tˆ Âcg˜Ã^Á◊_* %UªJÙ X◊_X›Ã[˝ clear-
cut ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ %Á‰ªK˜, ]◊SÃ[˝ Â_FÁ direct C `◊N˛Y…SÔ* AryaÃ[˝ a∂ëˆ„µ˘C ÂacÕ AEıcÕ
XÁ◊_`, Â_Á„Eı [˝«Mı„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ XÁ, ATˆ Â\ˆ„[˝ ◊ªJÙ„‹ôˆ ÂEı YQÕˆ„Tˆ ªJÙÁÃ^? TˆÁc˜Á a„√º¯C
Y“[˝wÔ¯Eı [˝Ü„V„` ÊªRÙÃ[˝ EıÁL Eı„Ã[˝ A„a‰ªK˜, %ÁÃ[˝ TˆFX Â_Á„EıÃ[˝ W˝ÁÃ[˝SÁ ◊ªK˜_ XÁ
Â^ %Á◊] Y“[˝wÔ¯„Eı ◊_◊F* AFX ^◊V ÂacÕÃ[˝÷Y effect c˜Ã^ XÁ, TˆÁÃ[˝ EıÁÃ[˝S AcÕ
c˜„[˝ Â^ Â_Á„Eı AFX EıÁ„LÃ[˝ ◊V„Eı, =XΩÁVXÁÃ[˝ ◊V„Eı ªK«˜‰ªRÙO‰ªK˜* AEı◊V„Eı \ˆ◊N˛Ã[˝
[˝XÓÁ, %YÃ[˝◊V„Eı W˝„XÁYÁ#¤„XÃ[˝ ÊªJÙrÙÁ* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ [˝ÁÜÁ_Á„V` ^FX V` [˝daÃ[˝ W˝„Ã[˝
%aÁQÕˆ ◊X&≥V ◊ªK˜_, Y“[˝wÔ¯EıcÕ ◊ªK˜_ AEı]Áy `◊N˛Ã[˝ =da, [˝ÁÜÁ_ÁÃ[˝ \ˆÁ[˝
[˝V_Á„Tˆ %„XEı aÁc˜Á^Ó Eı„Ã[˝‰ªK˜* %Á]ÁÃ[˝ Â[˝ÁW˝ c˜Ã^ XÁ Â^ AÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó TˆÁÃ[˝ EıÁL
Â`b c˜„Ã^ ÂG‰ªK˜*
AcÕ a∂ëˆ„µ˘ %Á◊] ^Á %„XEı ◊VX ÂU„Eı ÂVF◊ªK˜ TˆÁÃ[˝ V«„ÃÊıªRÙO› EıUÁ ae„l˘„Y
[˝◊_* %Á]ÁÃ[˝ A W˝ÁÃ[˝SÁ c˜Ã^ Â^ \ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝ Y“W˝ÁX V«[[˝Ô_TˆÁÃ[˝ EıÁÃ[˝S YÃ[˝ÁW˝›XTˆÁ
XÃ^, VÁ◊Ã[˝V–Ó XÃ^, %W˝ÓÁ±¡„[˝Á„W˝Ã[˝ [˝Á W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ %\ˆÁ[˝ XÃ^, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ`◊N˛Ã[˝ ‚—˜Áa,
p˚Á„XÃ[˝ LXΩ\…ˆ◊]„Tˆ %p˚Á„XÃ[˝ ◊[˝ÿôˆÁÃ[˝* a[[˝ÔycÕ ÂV◊F inability or unwilling-
ness to think, ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ Eı[[˝ÔÁÃ[˝ %l˘]TˆÁ [˝Á ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ""„ZıÁ◊[˝Ã^Á''* ]W˝Ó^«„G ^ÁcÕ Âc˜ÏEı,
AFX ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ AcÕ \ˆÁ[˝ªRÙO› ÂHÁÃ[˝ %[˝X◊TˆÃ[˝ _l˘S* ]W˝Ó^«„G ◊ªK˜_ Ã[˝Áy›EıÁ_, %p˚ÁX›Ã[˝
L„Ã^Ã[˝ ◊VX, %ÁW˝«◊XEı LG„Tˆ p˚ÁX›Ã[˝ L„Ã^Ã[˝ ^«G, Â^ Â[˝`› ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ Eı„Ã[˝ %„XübS
Eı„Ã[˝ Y◊Ã[˝`“] Eı„Ã[˝ ◊[˝„`üÃ[˝ aTˆÓ Tˆ◊_„Ã^ ◊`F„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ TˆÁÃ[˝ TˆTˆ `◊N˛ [˝Á‰QÕˆ*
Ã^«„Ã[˝ÁY ÂVF, ÂVF„[˝ V«ªRÙO› ◊L◊Xb, %X‹ôˆ ◊[˝`Á_ ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁÃ[˝ a]«V– %ÁÃ[˝ Y“EıÁâ¯ Â[˝G[˝Tˆ›
%UªJÙ a«` Ö_ `◊N˛Ã[˝ ÂF_Á* Ã^«„Ã[˝Á„YÃ[˝ a]ÿôˆ `◊N˛ ÂaFÁ„X, AcÕ `◊N˛Ã[˝ [˝„_
LGd„Eı G–Áa Eı„wÔ¯ YÁ‰¨JÙ¤ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ Y«Ã[˝ÁEıÁ„_Ã[˝ TˆYÿëˆ›Ã[˝ ]Tˆ ^Á„VÃ[˝ Y“\ˆÁ„[˝
◊[˝„`üÃ[˝ ÂV[˝TˆÁÃ[˝ÁC \ˆ›Tˆ a◊≥VÑ˘ [˝`›\…ˆTˆ* Â_Á„Eı [˝„_ Ã^«„Ã[˝ÁY W[˝e„aÃ[˝ ]«„F
W˝Á◊[˝Tˆ* %Á◊] TˆÁc˜Á ]„X Eı◊Ã[˝ XÁ* AcÕ Â^ ◊[˝Y¿[˝, AcÕ Â^ C_ªRÙOYÁ_ªRÙO, Âa
X[˝a ◊rÙÃ[˝ Y…[[˝ÔÁ[˝ÿöˆÁ* TˆÁÃ[˝YÃ[˝ \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ ÂVF* Eı„ÃÊıLX solitary giant ªK˜ÁQÕˆÁ
a[[˝ÔycÕ ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ Âa ÂaÁLÁ ]ÁX«b %UÔÁd average man Â^ ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ Eı„wÔ¯ ªJÙÁÃ^
XÁ, YÁ„Ã[˝ XÁ, ^ÁÃ[˝ ◊[˝≥V«]Áy `◊N˛ XÁcÕ, %Á‰ªK˜ ÂEı[˝_ l˘◊SEı =„w¯LXÁ* \ˆÁÃ[˝„Tˆ
ªJÙÁÃ^ aÃ[˝_ ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ, ÂaÁLÁ EıUÁ, Ã^«„Ã[˝Á„Y ªJÙÁÃ^ G\ˆ›Ã[˝ ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ G\ˆ›Ã[˝ EıUÁ* aÁ]ÁXÓ
E«ı_›]L«Ã[˝C ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ Eı„Ã[˝, a[˝ LÁX„Tˆ ªJÙÁÃ^ Â]ÁªRÙOÁ]«◊ªRÙO ÂL„XC a‹ô«ˆrÙ XÃ^, Tˆ◊_„Ã^
ÂVF„Tˆ ªJÙÁÃ^* Y“„\ˆV AcÕ* Tˆ„[˝ Ã^«„Ã[˝Á„YÃ[˝ `◊N˛ C ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁÃ[˝ fatal limitation
%Á‰ªK˜* %W˝ÓÁ±¡„l˘‰y A„a TˆÁÃ[˝ ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ`◊N˛ %ÁÃ[˝ ªJÙ„_ XÁ* ÂaFÁ„X Ã^«„Ã[˝ÁY a[˝
ÂV„F Âcg˜^Ã Á◊_, nebulous metaphysics, yogic hallucination, ""ÂW˝Ág ^Ã ÁÃ^ ÊªJÙÁF
Ã[˝G‰QÕˆ ◊EıªK«˜ PˆÁc˜Ã[˝ EıÃ[˝„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ XÁ*'' Tˆ„[˝ AFX AcÕ limitationC sur-
mount Eı[[˝ÁÔ [Ã ˝ ^ Ã „« [Ã ˝Á„Y Eı] ÊªJÙrÙÁ c˜‰¨JÙ XÁ* %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ %W˝ÓÁ±¡„[˝ÁW˝ %Á‰ªK˜ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝
Y…[[˝ÔY«Ã[˝”b„VÃ[˝ m„S, %ÁÃ[˝ ^ÁÃ[˝ ÂacÕ Â[˝ÁW˝ %Á‰ªK˜ TˆÁÃ[˝ c˜Á„TˆÃ[˝ EıÁ‰ªK˜ Ã[˝„Ã^‰ªK˜ A]X
p˚ÁX, A]X `◊N˛ ^ÁÃ[˝ AEı Z«ıdEıÁ„Ã[˝ Ã^«„Ã[˝Á„YÃ[˝ a]ÿôˆ Y“EıÁâ¯ `◊N˛ T ˆ„SÃ[˝ ]TˆX
=‰QÕˆ Â^„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ Âa `◊N˛ YÁ[˝ÁÃ[˝ L„XÓ `◊N˛Ã[˝ VÃ[˝EıÁÃ[˝* %Á]Ã[˝Á ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ
`◊N˛Ã[˝ =YÁaEı XcÕ, ac˜„LÃ[˝ =YÁaEı, ac˜„L `◊N˛ YÁCÃ^Á ^ÁÃ^ XÁ* %Á]Á„VÃ[˝
Y…[[˝ÔY«Ã[˝”bÃ[˝Á ◊[˝`Á_ ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁÃ[˝ a]«‰V– agÁTˆÁÃ[˝ ◊VÃ^Á ◊[˝`Á_ p˚ÁX ÂY„Ã^◊ªK˜_, ◊[˝`Á_
a\ˆÓTˆÁ VÒÁQÕˆ Eı◊Ã[˝„Ã^ ◊V„Ã^◊ªK˜_* TˆÁÃ[˝Á Y‰ªU Â^„Tˆ Â^„Tˆ %[˝aÁV A„a zıÁ‹ôˆ c˜„Ã^
Y‰QÕˆ, ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁÃ[˝ Â[˝G Eı„] ÂG_, a„Ü a„Ü `◊N˛Ã[˝ Â[˝GC Eı„] ÂG_* %Á]Á„VÃ[˝
a\ˆÓTˆÁ c˜„Ã^ ÂG‰ªK˜ %ªJÙ_ÁÃ^TˆX, W˝∂ˆÇÔ [˝Á„c˜ÓÃ[˝ ÂGgÁQÕˆÁ◊], %W˝ÓÁ±¡\ˆÁ[˝ AEıªRÙO› l˘›S
%Á„_ÁEı [˝Á l˘◊SEı =XΩÁVXÁÃ[˝ TˆÃ[˝Ü* AcÕ %[˝ÿöˆÁ ^Tˆ◊VX UÁ◊Eı„[˝, \ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝
ÿöˆÁÃ^› Y«XÃ[˝”xÁX %aêˆ[˝*
[˝ÁÜÁ_Á„V„`cÕ AcÕ V«[[˝_Ô TˆÁ[Ã ˝ Jª Ù[Ã ˝] %[˝ÿˆö Á* [˝ÁÜÁ_›Ã[˝ ◊l˘Y[“ ˝◊« à˘ %Á‰ªK˜, \ˆÁ„[˝[Ã ˝
capacity %Á‰ªK˜, intuition %Á‰ªK˜, AcÕ a[˝ m„S Âa \ˆÁÃ[˝„Tˆ Ê`“úˆ* AcÕ aEı_
mScÕ ªJÙÁcÕ, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ Am◊_ ^„UrÙ X„c˜* AÃ[˝ a„Ü ^◊V ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁÃ[˝ G\ˆ›Ã[˝TˆÁ, [˝›Ã[˝ `◊N˛,
[˝›„Ã[˝Á◊ªJÙTˆ aÁcã, V›HÔ Y◊Ã[˝`“„]Ã[˝ %ÁX≥V C l˘]TˆÁ Â^Á‰ªRÙO, TˆÁ c˜„_ [˝ÁÜÁ_›
\ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝ ÂEıX, LG„TˆÃ[˝ ÂXTˆÁ c˜„Ã^ ^Á„[˝* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ [˝ÁÜÁ_› TˆÁ ªJÙÁÃ^ XÁ, ac˜„L
aÁÃ[˝„Tˆ ªJÙÁÃ^, ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ XÁ Eı„Ã[˝ p˚ÁX, Y◊Ã[˝`“] XÁ Eı„Ã[˝ Zı_, ac˜L aÁW˝XÁ Eı„Ã[˝
◊a◊à˘* TˆÁÃ[˝ a∂ëˆ_ %Á‰ªK˜ \ˆÁ„[˝Ã[˝ =„w¯LXÁ, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ p˚ÁX`…XÓ \ˆÁ[˝Á◊Tˆ`^ÓcÕ c˜‰¨K˜
AcÕ ÂÃ[˝Á„GÃ[˝ _l˘S* ËªJÙTˆ„XÓÃ[˝ a]Ã^ ÂU„Eı, TˆÁÃ[˝ %„XEı %Á„G ÂU„EıC [˝ÁÜÁ_›
◊Eı Eı‰¨K˜? %W˝ÓÁ±¡ a„TˆÓÃ[˝ ÂEıÁX ac˜L Â]ÁªRÙOÁ]«◊ªRÙO EıUÁ W˝„Ã[˝ \ˆÁ„[˝Ã[˝ TˆÃ[˝„Ü Eı„ÃÊı
◊VX ÂX‰ªJÙ Â[˝QÕˆÁÃ^, TˆÁÃ[˝Y„Ã[˝ %[˝aÁV, Tˆ„]Á\ˆÁ[˝* A◊V„Eı ÂV„`Ã[˝ y‘]` %[˝X◊Tˆ,
L›[˝X`◊N˛ ‚—˜Áa c˜„Ã^‰ªK˜, Â`„b [˝ÁÜÁ_› ◊X„LÃ[˝ ÂV„` ◊Eı c˜„Ã^‰ªK˜, ÂF„Tˆ YÁ‰¨JÙ
[˝Á◊Ã[˝X„Eı ◊_◊FTˆ 401
XÁ, YÃ[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ EıÁYQÕˆ YÁ‰¨JÙ XÁ, ªJÙÁ◊Ã[˝◊V„Eı c˜Ác˜ÁEıÁÃ[˝, W˝X„VÏ_Tˆ [˝Ó[˝aÁ[˝Á◊SLÓ L]›
ªJÙÁb Y^ÔÓ‹ôˆ %Á‰ÿôˆ %Á‰ÿôˆ Y„Ã[˝Ã[˝ c˜Á„Tˆ Â^„Tˆ %ÁÃ[˝êˆ Eı‰¨K˜¤ª* `◊N˛ aÁW˝XÁ ÊªK˜‰QÕˆ
◊V„Ã^◊ªK˜, `◊N˛C %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ÊªK˜‰QÕˆ ◊V„Ã^‰ªK˜X* ÊY“]„Eı aÁW˝XÁ Eı◊Ã[˝, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ Â^FÁ„X
p˚ÁX C `◊N˛ XÁcÕ, ÊY“]C UÁ„Eı XÁ, a·¯›SÔTˆÁ l«˘V–TˆÁ %Á„a, l«˘V– a·¯›SÔ ]„X
Y“Á„S c˜÷V„Ã^ ÊY“„]Ã[˝ ÿöˆÁX XÁcÕ* ÊY“] ÂEıÁUÁÃ^ [˝Ü„V„`? ^Tˆ MıGQÕˆÁ ]„XÁ]Á◊_XÓ
<bÔÁ H SÁ V_ÁV◊_ [˝Ü„V„` %Á‰ªK˜, Â\ˆV◊zırÙ \ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆC %ÁÃ[˝ ÂEıÁUÁC TˆTˆ XÁcÕ*
%Á^ÔÓLÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ =VÁÃ[˝ [˝›Ã[˝^«„G ATˆ cg˜ÁEıQˆÁEı XÁªJÙÁXÁ◊ªJÙ ◊ªK˜_ XÁ, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ Â^ ÊªJÙrÙÁ
%ÁÃ[˝êˆ EıÃ[˝Tˆ CÃ[˝Á, Âa [˝ß `TˆÁå› W˝„Ã[˝ ÿöˆÁÃ^› UÁEıTˆ* [˝ÁÜÁ_›Ã[˝ ÊªJÙrÙÁ V«◊VX ÿöˆÁÃ^›
UÁ„Eı* T«ˆ◊] [˝_ªJÙ ªJÙÁcÕ \ˆÁ[˝ =XΩÁVXÁ ÂV`„Eı ]ÁTˆÁX* Ã[˝ÁLX›◊Tˆ„l˘‰y Ca[˝
Eı„Ã[˝◊ªK˜_Á] ÿëˆ„V`›Ã[˝ a]„Ã^, ^Á Eı„Ã[˝◊ªK˜_Á] a[˝ W˝…◊_aÁd c˜„Ã^‰ªK˜* %W˝ÓÁ±¡„l˘‰y
◊Eı £\ˆTˆÃ[˝ Y◊Ã[˝SÁ] c˜„[˝? %Á◊] [˝_◊ªK˜ XÁ Â^ ÂEıÁXC Zı_ c˜Ã^◊X* c˜„Ã^‰ªK˜, ^Tˆ
movement c˜Ã^, TˆÁÃ[˝ ◊EıªK«˜ Zı_ c˜„Ã^ VÒÁQÕˆÁ„[˝, Tˆ„[˝ Âa %◊W˝EıÁe` possibilityÃ[˝
[˝ ◊à˘, ◊ÿöˆÃ[˝\ˆÁ„[˝ actualise Eı[[˝ÔÁÃ[˝ AªRÙO› ◊PÊı Ã[˝›◊Tˆ XÃ^* ÂacÕ L„XÓ %Á◊] %ÁÃ[˝
emotional excitement, \ˆÁ[˝, ]X]ÁTˆÁ„XÁ„Eı base Eı„wÔ¯ ªJÙÁcÕ XÁ* %Á◊]
%Á]ÁÃ[˝ Â^Á„GÃ[˝ Y“◊TˆúˆÁ Eı„wÔ¯ˆ ªJÙÁcÕ ◊[˝`Á_ [˝›Ã[˝ a]TˆÁ, ÂacÕ a]TˆÁÃ^ Y“◊Tˆ◊úˆTˆ
%ÁW˝Á„Ã[˝Ã[˝ aEı_ [˝ ◊w¯„Tˆ Y…SÔ V ªRÕÙ %◊[˝ªJÙ◊_Tˆ `◊N˛, `◊N˛a]«‰V– p˚ÁXa…„^ÔÓÃ[˝ Ã[˝◊`ΩÃ[˝
◊[˝ÿôˆÁÃ[˝, ÂacÕ %Á„_ÁEı]Ã^ ◊[˝ÿôˆÁ„Ã[˝ %X‹ôˆ ÊY“] %ÁX≥V B„EıÓÃ[˝ ◊ÿöˆÃ[˝ ecstasy*
_ÁF _ÁF ◊`bÓ ªJÙÁcÕ XÁ, AEı` l«˘V–-%Á◊]±ºˆ`…XÓ Y«„Ã[˝Á ]ÁX«b \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ ^‹óˆÃ[˝÷„Y
^◊V YÁcÕ, TˆÁc˜ÁcÕ ^„UrÙ* Y“ªJÙ◊_Tˆ mÃ[˝”◊G◊Ã[˝Ã[˝ =YÃ[˝ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ %ÁÿöˆÁ XÁcÕ, %Á◊]
mÃ[˝” c˜„Tˆ ªJÙÁcÕ XÁ, %Á]ÁÃ[˝ &„`Ô ÂL„G Âc˜ÏEı, %Y„Ã[˝Ã[˝ &„`Ô ÂL„G Âc˜ÏEı
ÂEıc˜ ^◊V ◊\ˆTˆÃ[˝ ÂU„Eı ◊X„LÃ[˝ a«ä ÂV[˝±ºˆ Y“EıÁ` Eı„Ã[˝ \ˆÁG[˝Tˆ L›[˝X _Á\ˆ
Eı„Ã[˝, AªRÙOÁcÕ %Á◊] ªJÙÁcÕ* AcÕÃ[˝÷Y ]ÁX«bcÕ AcÕ ÂV`„Eı T«ˆ_„[˝*
AcÕ lecture Y‰QÕˆ AcÕ EıUÁ \ˆÁ[˝„[˝ XÁ Â^ %Á◊] [˝Ü„V„`Ã[˝ \ˆ◊[˝bÓd a∂ëˆ„µ˘
◊XÃ[˝Á`* CgÃ[˝Á ^Á [˝„_X Â^ [˝Ü„V„`cÕ A[˝ÁÃ[˝ ]c˜Á„LÓÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ ◊[˝EıÁ` c˜„[˝, %Á◊]C
ÂacÕ %Á`Á Eı◊¨JÙ¤* Tˆ„[˝ other side of the shield, ÂEıÁUÁÃ^ ÂVÁb l˘◊Tˆ X…ÓXTˆÁ
TˆÁc˜Á ÂVFÁ[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÊªJÙrÙÁ Eı„Ã[˝◊ªK˜* AcÕm◊_ UÁEı„_ Âa ÂLÓÁ◊Tˆ ]c˜Á„LÓÁ◊TˆC c˜„[˝
XÁ, ÿöˆÁÃ^›C c˜„[˝ XÁ* ^Tˆ aÁW˝« ]c˜ÁY«Ã[˝”b„VÃ[˝ EıUÁ ◊_„FªK˜, Ca[˝ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ÂEı]X
ÂEı]X ÊPˆ„Eı, Â^X ^Á ªJÙÁcÕ, AÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó TˆÁ YÁ◊¨JÙ XÁ* VÃ^ÁX„≥VÃ[˝ %‡«ˆTˆ a[˝ ◊a◊à˘
%Á‰ªK˜, %Á∏JÙ^ÔÓ automatic writting c˜Ã^ TˆÁÃ[˝ ◊XÃ[˝l˘Ã[˝ ◊`bÓ„VÃ[˝* \ˆÁ_ EıUÁ,
◊Eı‹ô«ˆ AªRÙO› c˜‰¨K˜ psychic faculty ]Áy* TˆÁ„VÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó %Áa_ [˝ÿô«ˆ ◊Eı C EıTˆV…Ã[˝
A◊G„Ã^‰ªK˜, TˆÁcÕ LÁX„Tˆ ªJÙÁcÕ* %ÁÃ[˝ AEıLX Â_ÁEı„Eı &`Ô Eı„Ã[˝ ]Á◊Tˆ„Ã^ ÂVÃ^*
Â[˝` EıUÁ, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ Âa ]ÁTˆÁ„XÁÃ[˝ Zı_ ◊Eı; Âa Â_ÁEıªRÙO› ◊Eı ÂacÕ W˝Ã[˝„SÃ[˝ ]ÁX«b c˜Ã^
Â^ X[˝^«„GÃ[˝, \ˆÁG[˝Tˆ aTˆÓ^«„GÃ[˝ ÿôˆêˆÃ[˝÷Y c˜„Ã^ VÒÁQÕˆÁ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝, AcÕ Y“`¬* ÂVF◊ªK˜
ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ Âa a∂ëˆ„µ˘ a„≥Vc˜ %Á‰ªK˜, --- %Á]ÁÃ[˝C %Á‰ªK˜*
aÁW˝a« ‹ôˆ„VÃ[˝ \ˆ◊[˝bÓVÀ[˝ÁS› Y‰QÕˆ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ c˜Á◊a ÂY„Ã^◊ªK˜_, %[˝p˚ÁÃ[˝ [˝Á %◊[˝`Áü „aÃ[˝
c˜Á◊a XÃ^, --- V…Ã[˝ \ˆ◊[˝bÓ„TˆÃ[˝ EıUÁ %Á◊] LÁ◊X XÁ, \ˆG[˝ÁX %Á]Á„Eı Â^ %Á„_ÁEı
ÂVX ]Á„Mı ]Á„Mı, TˆÁc˜Á %Á]ÁÃ[˝ AEı YÁ %Á„G Y‰QÕˆ, ÂacÕ %Á„_Á„Eı %Á◊] ªJÙ◊_*
Tˆ„[˝ %Á◊] \ˆÁ[˝◊ªK˜, AgÃ[˝Á %Á]Á„Eı ªJÙÁX ÂEıX, Âa ]c˜Áa◊∂ˆÇ_„X %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ÿöˆÁX ◊Eı?
%Á`·¯Á %Á]Á„Eı ÂV„F TgˆÁÃ[˝Á ◊XÃ[˝Á` XÁ c˜X, %Á◊]C fish out of the water
XÁ c˜cÕ* %Á◊] Tˆ a~ÓÁa› XcÕ, aÁW˝«C XcÕ, a‹ôˆC XcÕ, W˝Á◊∂ˆÇÔEı Y^ÔÓ‹ôˆC XcÕ,
%Á]ÁÃ[˝ W˝∂ˆÇÔ XÁcÕ, %ÁªJÙÁÃ[˝ XÁcÕ, aÁ◊√º¯EıTˆÁ XÁcÕ, %Á◊] ÂHÁÃ[˝ aeaÁÃ[˝›, ◊[˝_Áa›,
]Áea„\ˆÁL›, ]VÓYÁÃ^›, %`¿›_\ˆÁb›, ^„U¨K˜ÁªJÙÁÃ[˝›, [˝Á]]Á„GÔÃ[˝ TˆÁ◊‹óÊı* AcÕ aEı_
]c˜ÁY«Ã[˝”b C %[˝TˆÁÃ[˝„VÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó %Á◊]C ◊Eı AEıLX ]c˜ÁY«Ã[˝”b C %[˝TˆÁÃ[˝?
%Á]Á„Eı ÂV„F c˜Ã^ ÂTˆÁ \ˆÁ[˝„[˝X Eı◊_Ã[˝ %[˝TˆÁÃ[˝ [˝Á %Áa«Ã[˝ Ã[˝Ál˘a› EıÁ_›Ã[˝,
F rÙÁXÃ[˝Á ^Á„Eı Antichrist [˝„_! %Á]ÁÃ[˝ a∂ëˆ„µ˘ ÂVF◊ªK˜ AEıªRÙO› }Á‹ôˆ W˝ÁÃ[˝SÁ ªK˜◊QÕˆ„Ã^
ÂG‰ªK˜, Â_Á„Eı ^◊V disappointed c˜Ã^, TˆÁÃ[˝ L„XÓ %Á◊] VÁÃ^› X◊c˜*
AcÕ %aÁW˝ÁÃ[˝S _∂ëˆÁ ◊ªJÙ◊PˆÃ[˝ TˆÁdY^ÔÓ AcÕ Â^ %Á◊]C Yg«ªRÙO◊_ [˝gÁW˝◊ªK˜* Tˆ„[˝
%Á]ÁÃ[˝ ◊[˝`üÁa Â^ Âa Yg«ªRÙO◊_ St. PeterAÃ[˝ ªJÙÁV„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ]Tˆ, %X„‹ôˆÃ[˝ ^Tˆ ◊ÈıÁÃ[˝
TˆÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó ◊GL◊GL Eı‰¨ªK˜Ù¤* AFX Yg«ªRÙO◊_ F«_◊ªK˜ XÁ* %a]„Ã^ F«_„Tˆ ÂG„_
◊ÈıÁÃ[˝ YÁ_Á„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝* ÂV„`C AFX ^Á◊¨K˜ XÁ, ÂV` ÈTˆÃ^Á◊Ã[˝ c˜Ã^ ◊X [˝„_ XÃ^,
%Á◊] ÈTˆÃ^Á◊Ã[˝ c˜Ã^ ◊X [˝„_* %Yiı %Y„iıÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó ◊G„Ã^ ◊Eı EıÁL Eı„wÔ¯ YÁ„Ã[˝?
ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝
ÂaLVÁVÁ
Y«X∏JÙ --- X◊_X› ◊_„F‰ªK˜ ÂTˆÁ]Ã[˝Á A◊Y“„_Ã[˝ Â`„b %Áa„[˝ XÁ, Â] ]Á„a* =„YXC
%Áa[˝ÁÃ[˝ EıUÁ ◊_„F◊ªK˜„_, TˆÁÃ[˝ ◊Eı c˜_? Âa ◊Eı ÂTˆÁ]Á„VÃ[˝ EıÁ‰ªK˜ Ã[˝„Ã^‰ªK˜ XÁ
%XÓy? ]«E«ı≥V›_Á_ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ EıÁ‰ªK˜ ◊ªJÙ◊Pˆ YÁ◊Pˆ„Ã^‰ªK˜X a„Ã[˝Á◊LX›Ã[˝ ◊PÊıÁXÁÃ^ ◊V[˝ÁÃ[˝
L„XÓ, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ a„Ã[˝Á◊LX› ÂEıÁUÁÃ^ %Á◊] LÁ◊X XÁ, ÂaLXÓ ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ EıÁ‰ªK˜ YÁPˆÁ◊¨K˜*
T«ˆ◊] forward Eı„Ã[˝Á*
[˝Á◊Ã[˝X„Eı ◊_◊FTˆ 403
]◊Tˆ_Á„_Ã[˝ ◊ªJÙ◊Pˆ ÂY„Ã^◊ªK˜, TˆÁ„Tˆ C %ÁÃ[˝ Eı„ÃÊıªRÙO› circumstanceA [˝«Mı_Á]

TˆÁ[Ã ˝ %ÁÃ[˝ ÂaÏ◊Ã[˝„XÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó misunderstandingAÃ[˝ Kª ˜Á^Ã Á YQÕˆ‰Kª ˜, Âa ]„XÁ]Á◊_„XÓ
Y◊Ã[˝STˆ c˜„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝* %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó AÃ[˝÷Y c˜CÃ^Á ◊XTˆÁ‹ôˆ %X«◊ªJÙTˆ* ]◊Tˆ_Á_„Eı
A a∂ëˆ„µ˘ ◊_F[˝, T«ˆ◊] ÂaÏ◊Ã[˝X„Eı [˝_, Â^X aÁ[˝W˝ÁX c˜Ã^ Â^ AÃ[˝÷Y breach [˝Á
riftAÃ[˝C Â_`]Áy EıÁÃ[˝S XÁ H‰ªRÙO* ÂEı ]◊Tˆ_Á_„Eı [˝„_‰ªK˜ Â^ ÂaÏ◊Ã[˝X Â_ÁEı„Eı
LÁXÁ‰¨K˜ (impression ◊V‰¨K˜) Â^ Y“[˝wÔ¯„EıÃ[˝ a„Ü %Ã[˝◊[˝≥V ÂHÁ„bÃ[˝ ÂEıÁX
a∂ëˆµ˘ XÁcÕ* AcÕÃ[˝÷Y EıUÁ ◊X∏JÙÃ^ ÂaÏ◊Ã[˝X [˝„_ ◊X, EıÁÃ[˝S Y“[˝wÔ¯Eı %Á]Á„VÃ[˝cÕ
EıÁGL, %Á◊] ÿëˆc˜‰ÿôˆ ◊_◊F [˝Á XÁ ◊_◊F, %Á]ÁÃ[˝cÕ through ◊V„Ã^ \ˆG[˝ÁX
]◊Tˆ_Á_„Eı `◊N˛ ◊V„Ã^ Â_FÁ‰¨K˜X, spiritual ◊c˜„a„[˝ %Á]ÁÃ[˝cÕ Â_FÁ, ]◊Tˆ_Á_
TˆÁÃ[˝ ]„XÃ[˝ Ã[˝e ÂVÃ^ ]Áy* c˜Ã^ Tˆ ÂaÏ◊Ã[˝X [˝„_‰ªK˜ Y“[˝wÔ¯„EıÃ[˝ Y“[˝µ˘ CgÃ[˝ ◊X„LÃ[˝
Â_FÁ XÃ^, TˆÁC [˝_Á VÃ[˝EıÁÃ[˝ XÁcÕ, TˆÁ„Tˆ Â_Á„EıÃ[˝ ]„X =_‰ªRÙOÁ wrong im-
pression c˜„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝* Y“[˝wÔ¯„Eı ÂEı Â_„F XÁ Â_„F Âa EıUÁ %„XEıªRÙOÁ ÂGÁYX
Eı„Ã[˝ ÂÃ[˝„F◊ªK˜, --- Y“[˝wÔ¯„Eı Y“[˝wÔ¯EıcÕ Â_„F, `◊N˛cÕ Â_„F, Âa ÂEıÁX ◊[˝„`b
[˝Ó◊N˛Ã[˝ a ◊rÙ XÃ^, %ÁÃ[˝ AªRÙO› aTˆÓcÕ EıUÁ* ÂV[˝LXΩ cÕTˆÓÁ◊V X◊_X› ]◊SÃ[˝ Y“[˝µ˘
[˝c˜[ÃO ˝ %ÁEıÁ„Ã[˝ Â[˝◊[Ã ˝„^Ã ‰ªK˜, TˆÁc˜Á„TˆC XÁ] ÂVCÃ^Á c˜^Ã ◊X, ÂacÕ AEıcÕ principleA*
TˆÁc˜ÁcÕ UÁEÀı until further order*
""Y“[˝wÔ¯Eı'' =„Å„`Ó ◊_◊FTˆ
aTˆTê Eı›wÔ¯Ã^„‹ôˆÁ Tê ^Tˆ‹ôˆ∏JÙ V ªRÕÙ[˝–TˆÁf*
X]aÓ‹ôˆ∏JÙ Tê \ˆN˛ÓÁ ◊XTˆÓ^«N˛Á =YÁa„Tˆ**
Tˆ◊¨JÙw¯Á TˆVÀGTˆY“ÁSÁ Â[˝ÁW˝Ã^‹ôˆf YÃ[˝&Ã[˝]À*
EıUÃ^‹ôˆ∏JÙ Tê ◊XTˆÓe T«ˆbÓ◊‹ôˆ ªJÙ Ã[˝]◊‹ôˆ...
TˆÁc˜Á ^TˆV…Ã[˝ c˜cÕ„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜, TˆTˆªªR«ÙOE«ı %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ◊a◊à˘* ÂacÕ %ÁV`Ô Y…SÔ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ
YÁ◊Ã[˝ XÁc˜,O YÁ◊Ã[˝[˝ [˝◊_Ã^Á TˆÁc˜Á[Ã ˝ EıUÁÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ %ÁÿöˆÁ ÿöˆÁYX Eı◊[Ã ˝^Ã Á aÁW˝XÁ Eı◊[Ã ˝„Tˆ◊Kª ˜*
ÂTˆbÁe aTˆTˆ^«N˛ÁXÁe \ˆLTˆÁe Y“›◊TˆY…[[˝ÔEı]À*
VVÁ◊] [˝«◊à˘„^ÁGe Tê Â^X ]Á]«Y^Á◊‹ôˆ„Tˆ**
YÃ[˝„EıC A aÁW˝XY„U QˆÁ◊EıÃ^Á %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ Â^ %ÁÿöˆÁ, Â^ %X«\ˆ[˝, %ÁÃ[˝ TˆÁÃ[˝
=Y„Ã[˝C Â^ Pisgah sight, Y[[˝ÔTˆ ªJ…ÙQÕˆÁ c˜cÕ„Tˆ promised landAÃ[˝ V`ÔX
]«N˛Eı„¢ˆ Y“ªJÙÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝* %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ %„X„EıÃ[˝ AcÕ %X«\ˆ[˝ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜
ÿëˆî]YÓaÓ W˝∂ˆÇÔaÓ yÁÃ^„Tˆ ]c˜„TˆÁ \ˆÃ^Ád*
Â^ AEı◊[˝≥V« `◊N˛ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜, TˆÁc˜Á„TˆcÕ Eı∂ˆÇÔ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ Y“[˝ w¯ c˜cÕ* Zı_ \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝
c˜Á„Tˆ ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ AcÕ Y„UÃ[˝ Y«Ã[˝Á ◊a◊à˘Ã[˝ V…„Ã[˝Ã[˝ EıUÁ* AcÕ YU £W˝« [˝Ó◊rÙ„^Á„GÃ[˝,
individual ◊a◊à˘Ã[˝ XÃ^, a]◊rÙ„^Á„GÃ[˝, collective ◊a◊à˘Ã[˝ Y‹öˆÁ, AEıL„XÃ[˝
^◊V \ˆG[˝dE ıYÁÃ^ Y…SÔ„^Á„GÃ[˝ ◊a◊à˘ c˜Ã^, TˆÁc˜Á„Eı ◊aà˘Y«Ã[˝”b [˝◊_[˝ XÁ* AcÕ YU
%Á„Ã[˝Ác˜„SÃ[˝ YU, ◊a◊à˘Ã[˝ =Y„Ã[˝C ◊a◊à˘ %Á‰ªK˜, Â`b Y^ÔÓ‹ôˆ XÁ =◊PˆÃ^Á =w¯]
Â^ÁGÁÃ[˝÷ªRÕÙ XÁ c˜cÕÃ^Á ◊aà˘Y«Ã[˝”b [˝_Á %Á&à˘¤Á ]Áy* %ÁÃ[˝ %Á]Ã[˝Á miracle
mongerC XcÕ* Miracle %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ ◊Eı? ^Ác˜Á c˜Ã^ LG„Tˆ, a[˝cÕ Y“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝ ◊XÃ^„]Ã[˝
%‹ôˆGÔTˆ AEı `◊N˛Ã[˝ ÂF_Á, c˜Ã^ miracle XÁcÕ, XÃ^ all is miracle* Tˆ„[˝ Â^
aÁW˝ÁÃ[˝S `◊N˛Ã[˝ =YÃ[˝ <`üÃ[˝› `◊N˛Ã[˝ ÂF_Á %Á‰ªK˜, TˆÁc˜Á aTˆÓ, ÂacÕ ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝Ã[˝
EıUÁ, [˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝Ã[˝ [˝«LÃ[˝”Eı› X„c˜* ÂacÕ \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ cÕ¨K˜Á`◊N˛, [˝Ó◊N˛GTˆ `◊N˛ XÃ^,
\ˆG[˝d-cÕ¨K˜Á Y…Ã[˝„SÃ[˝ =YÁÃ^, [˝Ó◊N˛Ã[˝ %c˜eEıÁÃ[˝ ÿˆè«ıÃ[˝S, c˜÷V„Ã^Ã[˝ %Á„[˝G, Y“Á„SÃ[˝
[˝ÁaXÁ [˝«◊à˘Ã[˝ %◊\ˆ]Tˆ Y…Ã[˝„SÃ[˝ XÃ^*
^Ác˜Á ◊_◊F[˝ TˆÁc˜Á Yy‰Y“Ã[˝„EıÃ[˝ ]TˆFâ¯„XÃ[˝ LXÓ XÃ^, ÂacÕ Y‰yÃ[˝ EıUÁ
""Y“[˝wÔ¯Eı'' =„Å„`Ó ◊_◊FTˆ 405
c˜cÕ„Tˆ Eı„ÃÊıªRÙO› aÁW˝ÁÃ[˝S Y“`¬ =‰Pˆ, aÁW˝„EıÃ[˝ ]„XC EgıÁªJÙÁ %[˝ÿöˆÁÃ^ a„≥Vc˜ [˝Á }Á‹ôˆ
W˝ÁÃ[˝SÁ L◊XΩ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝, AcÕ Yy„Eı lead [˝Á starting point Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á Âam◊_Ã[˝
=w¯Ã[˝ ÂVCÃ^Á, %Y„XÁVX EıÃ[˝ÁcÕ =„Å`Ó* Tˆ„[˝ AEı EıUÁ [˝◊_Ã^Á Ã[˝Á◊F* cÕeÃ[˝ÁL›
\ˆÁbÁÃ^ AcÕ aEı_ EıUÁÃ[˝ ªJÙ¨JÙ¤Á %„XEı ◊VX Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ◊ªK˜, ---- T«ˆ◊] Â^ AFX [˝ÁÜÁ_Á
\ˆÁbÁÃ^ Y«XÃ[˝”◊N˛ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ %Á„V` Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^ÁªK˜, TˆÁc˜Á Â^]X %Á]ÁÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ ÂTˆ]XcÕ
YÁPˆ„EıÃ[˝ [=YÃ[˝] %TˆÓÁªJÙÁÃ[˝* T«ˆ◊] Â[˝` LÁX ◊`l˘Á C HªRÙOXÁÃ[˝ YÃ[˝+Ã[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÂVÁ„b,
cÕeÃ[˝ÁL›„Tˆ ◊_◊F[˝ÁÃ[˝ l˘]TˆÁ EıTÊıªRÙOÁ L◊XΩÃ^Á‰ªK˜, [˝ÁÜÁ_Á \ˆÁbÁÃ^ TˆÁc˜Á %Á]ÁÃ[˝
XÁcÕ* ^◊V ]ÁT ˆ\ˆÁbÁÃ[˝ %Ü‰¨K˜V [˝Á c˜TˆÓÁ Y^ÔÓ‹ôˆ Eı◊Ã[˝, Y“[˝wÔ¯„EıÃ[˝ Y úˆÁm◊_ cÕeÃ[˝ÁL›
[˝ÁÜÁ_ÁÃ^ Eı_«◊bTˆ Eı◊Ã[˝ Âa ÂVÁb %Á]ÁÃ[˝ XÃ^, ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝* AcÕ ÂG_ %◊Tˆ V›HÔ
Y“ÿôˆÁ[˝XÁ* %Áa_ EıUÁ %ÁÃ[˝êˆ Eı◊Ã[˝*
Yy
◊Lp˚ÁaÁ Eı◊Ã[˝, AcÕ Y‰yÃ[˝ =w¯Ã[˝ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ◊XEı‰ªRÙO %ÁVÁÃ^ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ =„Å`Ó?
TÊÔı ^◊V Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ c˜Ã^, Tˆ„EÔıÃ[˝ aÁW˝ÁÃ[˝S ◊\ˆ◊w¯ (common ground) Y“„Ã^ÁLX,
TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ AFÁ„X ◊XTˆÁ‹ôˆ %\ˆÁ[˝* ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ Y“SÁ_› ÿëˆTˆ‹óˆ, \ˆÁ[˝GTˆ %X«\ˆ„[˝
%Á„_ÁEı %ÁgW˝Á„Ã[˝Ã[˝ Y“„\ˆV* %[˝`Ó Yy„_F„EıÃ[˝cÕ ]„X %ÁgW˝ÁÃ[˝, %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ]„X
%Á„_ÁEı, AcÕ EıUÁ [˝◊_ XÁ* EıUÁÃ[˝ %UÔ AcÕ, Â^ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Y„l˘ "^Á ◊X`Á' ÂacÕ
Â^ÁGp˚Á„XÃ[˝ G\ˆ›Ã[˝ mc˜ÁÃ^ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ LÁGÃ[˝S C V`ÔX c˜Ã^, Â^ [˝«◊à˘Ã[˝ ◊V[˝Á„_Á„Eı
◊Tˆ◊X LÁ„GX C ÂV„FX, %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ªJÙ„l˘ ÂacÕ %Á„_ÁEı ÂHÁÃ[˝ Ã[˝Áy› XÁ Âc˜ÏEı, Ã[˝Áy›Ã[˝
%à˘¤Á„_Á◊EıTˆ Y“Á‹ôˆ\ˆÁG, ◊]UÓÁ %Á„_Á„EıÃ[˝ E«ıc˜Eı Â[˝ÁW˝ c˜Ã^* TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ◊XEıªRÙO Â^ÁG-
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p˚ÁX Y“Á„SÃ[˝ %Á„[˝G]Ã^› %Á`ÁcÕ %p˚ÁX, E«ıc˜Eı ]Ã[˝›◊ªJÙEıÁ, Y“„c˜◊_EıÁ, %Á±¡Y“[˝á˚XÁ*
Yy„_FEı c˜Ã^Tˆ Ã^«„Ã[˝ÁY›Ã^ [˝«◊à˘Y“W˝ÁX `Á‰ÿóˆÃ[˝ =YÁaEı* Â^ ]ÁX«b› [˝«◊à˘Ã[˝
Eı_ÓÁSEıÃ[˝ Y◊Ã[˝SÁ„] ]X«bÓLÁ◊Tˆ %VÓ V◊_Tˆ %W˝›Ã[˝ l˘Tˆ◊[˝l˘Tˆ, AcÕ ◊Tˆ◊X TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝cÕ
LÃ^GÁ„X =XΩw¯ `“›c˜Eı ◊Eı ]c˜ÁÃ[˝„[˝ XÁ X\ˆ∏JÙ Y ◊U[˝›Íá˚[˝ T«ˆ]«_ %X«XÁ◊VTˆ
Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ ◊[˝Ã[˝”„à˘ ^«à˘ ÂHÁbSÁÃ^ Y“[˝ w¯* ◊aec˜XÁVe ◊[˝X„VÓÁÎ¨JÙf `Öe
VW˝À„]Ï Y“TˆÁY[˝ÁXÀ* AcÕ ÂHÁÃ[˝ %Áy‘]„S ]c˜ÁEıÁY«Ã[˝”b \ˆG[˝ÁX ^◊V \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ c˜cÕ„Tˆ
◊ªJÙÃ[˝EıÁ_Tˆ„Ã[˝ Y_ÁÃ^X XÁ Eı„Ã[˝X, ]ÁX«b› [˝«◊à˘Ã[˝ `◊N˛ [˝ UÁ* ^◊VC Ã^«„Ã[˝ÁY›Ã^ `Áÿó
ˆ[˝◊_, CcÕ `Á‰ÿóˆ Ã^«„Ã[˝Á„YÃ[˝ %VÓ %ÁÃ[˝ ÂacÕ %ªRÙO_ ◊[˝`üÁa [˝«◊à˘[˝ÁV„Eı XÁcÕ*
EıTÊıªRÙOÁ [˝«◊à˘[˝Á„VÃ[˝ %a+…SÔTˆÁ [˝«◊MıÃ^Á EıTÊıªRÙOÁ TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ %◊Tˆ]Áy Âa[˝„XÃ[˝ Y◊Ã[˝SÁ]

Â\ˆÁG Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á Ã^«„Ã[˝ÁY X…TˆX \ˆÁ„[˝ \ˆÁ[˝«Eı, Ã^«„Ã[˝ÁY \ˆG[˝ÁX„Eı Fg«◊L„Tˆ‰ªK˜* Z–ıÁ„≥a,
cÕe_„â¯ %Á„]◊Ã[˝EıÁÃ^ V`Ô„X EıÁ„[˝Ó ◊ªJÙyEı_ÁÃ^ aÜ›„Tˆ E«ı◊QÕˆ ◊≈y` [˝daÃ[˝ W˝◊Ã[˝Ã^Á
AcÕ ÊÿÉˆÁTˆ ªJÙ◊_„Tˆ‰ªK˜* AFXC [˝‰ªRÙO %„X„Eı Â^ %ÁgW˝Á„Ã[˝ ÂacÕ %ÁgW˝Á„Ã[˝, %„X„Eı
c˜ÁTˆQÕˆÁcÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜, %„X„Eı %&rÙ E«ıÃ^Á`ÁÃ^ XÁXÁ ]…◊wÔ¯ ÂV◊F„Tˆ‰ªK˜, %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ %„X„Eı
◊V[˝Á„_Á„Eı %Á„_Á◊EıTˆ ªJÙl«˘πÇÁX* ÊÿÉˆÁTˆ Tˆ ÂV◊F ◊VX◊VX FÃ[˝TˆÃ[˝ Â[˝„G [˝◊c˜„Tˆ‰ªK˜*
AFXC Ã^«„Ã[˝Á„YÃ[˝ \«ˆ„_ \«ˆN˛„\ˆÁG› c˜cÕ XÁcÕ, \ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝ XÁXÁ \«ˆ_}Á◊‹ôˆÃ[˝ Â`ÁªJÙX›Ã^
Y◊Ã[˝SÁ„] %◊ÿöˆÃ[˝* Yy„_FEı ÂacÕ %W˝›Ã[˝TˆÁÃ^ AEı„V`V`fi EıîXÁÃ[˝ [˝„` ÿëˆY¬
ÂV◊F„Tˆ‰ªK˜X, [˝«◊à˘Ã[˝ =YÁaXÁÃ^ ^FX Ã^«„Ã[˝ÁY Y“[˝_ a«F› (?) %W˝›`üÃ[˝ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜,
Y◊Ã[˝SÁ] ÂacÕFÁ„X =xÁX, AcÕFÁ„X YTˆX, %ÁÃ[˝ ^FX Y◊Ã[˝SÁ] ÂV◊FÃ^ÁcÕ YU
YªK˜≥V Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ c˜Ã^, Zı„_X Y◊Ã[˝ªJÙ›Ã^„Tˆ, TˆFX %Á]Ã[˝ÁC ÂEıX ÂacÕ AEıY„U ªK«˜◊ªRÙO[˝
XÁ? %ÁY◊w¯ XÁcÕ* ªR«Ù_«Eı XÁ aEı„_, ÂV„`Ã[˝ ^◊V ÂacÕ %◊\ˆ‰Y“Tˆ c˜Ã^* %„XEı
G„wÔ¯ Y◊QÕˆÃ^Á TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ YÃ[˝ ^◊V p˚ÁX c˜Ã^, ◊PÊı Y„U ªJÙ◊_„Tˆ ◊`◊F* ]ÁX«b› TˆX«
%Á◊`“Tˆ \ˆG[˝ÁX„Eı %[˝]ÁXXÁ Eı◊[Ã ˝^Ã Á p˚ÁX Eı∂ˆÇ„Ô Eı FÁ‰ªRÙÁO Eı◊[Ã ˝^Ã Á Â^ G„wÔ¯ Y◊QÕˆ_Á],
TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝cÕ ]„W˝Ó AF„XÁ H«Ã[˝YÁEı FÁcÕ„Tˆ◊ªK˜, XÁ c˜Ã^ [˝«◊à˘Ã[˝ [˝„_ =◊PˆÃ^Á %XÓ Â^ G„wÔ¯
Y“ÁªJÙ›X G–›a ÂÃ[˝Á] Y◊QÕˆÃ^Á ]◊Ã[˝_, %ÁW˝«◊XEı Ã[˝”` L∂ˆÇÔS› Y◊QÕˆÃ^Á‰ªK˜, EıTˆ Y“[˝_
LÁ◊Tˆ Y◊QÕˆÃ^Á Y◊ªJÙ„[˝, %Á]Ã[˝ÁC XÁ c˜Ã^ ÂacÕ G„wÔ¯ %ÁªK˜ÁQÕˆ FÁcÕÃ^Á Âa a«FC
=Y„\ˆÁG Eı◊Ã[˝, Eı◊Ã[˝ ]ÁV¤ÓEıÃ[˝› [˝«◊à˘]◊VÃ[˝ÁÃ[˝ Âa[˝X --- ^Á[˝d YTˆ◊Tˆ \…ˆTˆ„_,
TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Y„Ã[˝C, ^◊V cÕ¨K˜Á c˜Ã^, =xÁÃ^Á◊Y Y«Xf X›±ºˆÁ Tˆ◊•„b’Áf YÃ[˝]e YV]À*
Â`„b LÁTˆ›Ã^ ◊X[[˝ÔÁSY“Á◊ä _Á\ˆ Eı◊Ã[˝* %Á]Ã[˝Á ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ Â^ a„TˆÓÃ[˝ YU %„XübS
Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á YÁcÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜, ÂacÕ Y„U ÂV`„Eı QˆÁ◊Eı„Tˆ ◊[˝Ã[˝Tˆ c˜cÕ[˝ XÁ*
^ÁEı ]„TˆÃ[˝ ◊[˝„Ã[˝Á„W˝Ã[˝ EıUÁ* %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ]„Tˆ ^◊VC `“›c˜„EıÃ[˝ EıUÁ }Á‹ôˆ, %UÔÁd
◊[˝E ıTˆ aTˆÓ, TÛÁ◊Y ◊[˝E ı◊TˆÃ[˝ ]„W˝ÓC a„TˆÓÃ[˝ %Á\ˆÁa %Á‰ªK˜* TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ]„XÃ[˝ \ˆÁ[˝
C %[˝ÿöˆÁ %◊Tˆ ÿëˆÁ\ˆÁ◊[˝Eı, c˜Ã^Tˆ %ÁLEıÁ_ \ˆÁÃ[˝„Tˆ %„X„EıÃ[˝ %‹ôˆ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ÂacÕ V`Á*
TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Y“„Ã^ÁLXC ◊ªK˜_* AcÕ EıUÁ %XÓy %„XEı[˝ÁÃ[˝ ◊_◊FÃ^Á◊ªK˜ Â^ Ã^«„Ã[˝Á„YÃ[˝
LQÕˆ[˝ÁV› XÁ◊ÿôÊıTˆÁÃ[˝C AEıa]Ã^ %Á[˝`ÓEıTˆÁ ◊ªK˜_ W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ E«ı]◊Tˆ \ˆG[˝da∂ëˆ„µ˘
l«˘V–}Á‹ôˆ W˝ÁÃ[˝SÁ a„LÁ„Ã[˝ ◊[˝XrÙ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ L„XÓ* AFX Â^ %ÁW˝ÓÁ◊≈±¡Eı ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ C
W˝ÁÃ[˝SÁ Ã^«„Ã[˝ÁY %Á„]◊Ã[˝EıÁ„Eı %Á„_Á◊EıTˆ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜ Âam◊_ =VÁÃ[˝ ]c˜d G\ˆ›Ã[˝
Â[˝VÁ„‹ôˆÃ[˝ aTˆÓ Y¿Á◊[˝Tˆ* Âl˘y„Eı [˝«◊à˘[˝ÁV È[˝p˚Á◊XEı LQÕˆ[˝ÁV XÁ◊ÿôÊıTˆÁ Y◊Ã[˝õıÁÃ[˝
Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á AcÕ X…TˆX [˝›L [˝YX Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ %[˝aÃ[˝ ◊VÃ^Á‰ªK˜* %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó Y«Ã[˝ÁS
""Y“[˝wÔ¯Eı'' =„Å„`Ó ◊_◊FTˆ 407
%ªJÙ_ÁÃ^TˆX \ˆÁ◊Ü[˝ÁÃ[˝ %Á[˝`ÓEıTˆÁ ◊ªK˜_* [˝«◊à˘[˝ÁV› cÕe„Ã[˝L ◊`l˘Á ÂacÕ Eı„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝

ac˜ÁÃ^TˆÁ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜, Y“E ıTˆ Y…SÔ %ÁW˝ÓÁ◊≈±¡Eı aTˆÓ Y◊Ã[˝ÿˆè«ıªRÙO c˜cÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ %[˝EıÁ` EıÃ[˝Á
c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜* Y“ÁªJÙ›X \ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝ Â`b %[˝ÿöˆÁÃ^ Â^Á„G È[˝Ã[˝ÁGÓ ◊X‰∏JÙrÙTˆÁ L›[˝X c˜cÕ„Tˆ
◊Xõ ı◊TˆÃ[˝ Y“Ã^Á„a %◊Tˆ]Áy [˝ ◊à˘, aeaÁ„Ã[˝ ◊X‰ÿôˆL l«˘V–Á`Ã^TˆÁÃ[˝ _l˘S ÂV◊F* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ
ÂacÕ [˝ÓÁ◊W˝Ã[˝ Y“E ıTˆ DbW˝ [˝«◊à˘[˝ÁV X„c˜, L›[˝„XC Â[˝VÁ‹ôˆ W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ Y…SÔTˆÃ[˝ %ÁªJÙÃ[˝S
AcÕ p˚ÁXcÕ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ aÁW˝XÁ C Y“ªJÙÁ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ]…_ ]‹óˆ*
`“›c˜Eı ÂacÕ YU ]ÁQÕˆÁcÕ„Tˆ ªJÙÁX XÁ, [˝«◊à˘Ã[˝ [˝„_cÕ ÂV`„Eı [˝_[˝ÁX Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ
=da«Eı, %Á]ÁÃ[˝ %ÁY◊w¯ XÁcÕ, a[˝ÁcÕ ÿëˆ ÿëˆ ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ C ÊY“Ã[˝SÁÃ[˝ ÊÿÉˆÁ„Tˆ Eı„∂ˆÇÔ _ÁmX*
aÁl˘Ád EıUÁ AcÕ [˝«◊à˘„EıcÕ Â^ Y“W˝ÁX [˝„_ TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Y„l˘ Â^Á„GÃ[˝ EıUÁ Y“„c˜◊_EıÁ
%Á±¡Y“[˝á˚XÁ ◊\ˆ~ %ÁÃ[˝ ◊EıªK«˜cÕ XÃ^* Â^Á„GÃ[˝ Y“U] ◊\ˆ◊w¯ AcÕ Â^ [˝«◊à˘Ã[˝ =Y„Ã[˝
◊EıªK«˜ %Á‰ªK˜, Â^Á [˝«„à˘f YÃ[˝Tˆÿô«ˆ af* [˝«◊à˘Ã[˝ ◊[˝EıÁ` C ◊[˝£à˘TˆÁ Tˆ ªJÙÁcÕcÕ* c˜Ã^
Y“U] \ˆG[˝ÁX„Eı [˝«◊à˘Ã[˝ [˝à˘ •Á„Ã[˝Ã[˝ =VÀ HÁªRÙO„X ÿëˆW˝ÁXY“◊Tˆ◊úˆTˆ V`ÔX Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á, XÃ^
c˜÷V„Ã^Ã[˝ mä ÿôˆ„Ã[˝ %X«\ˆ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Y„Ã[˝ [˝«◊à˘Ã[˝ %Tˆ›Tˆ c˜cÕ* G›TˆÁÃ^C [˝„_,
A[˝e [˝«„à˘f YÃ[˝e [˝«àù˘Á aeÿôˆ\ˆÓÁ±¡ÁX]Á±¡XÁ* ◊^◊X [˝«◊à˘Ã[˝ =Y„Ã[˝, [˝«◊à˘ c˜cÕ„Tˆ
]c˜d [˝«◊à˘Ã[˝ aÁc˜Á„^ÓcÕ TgˆÁc˜Á„Eı [˝«◊MıÃ^Á smaller self „Eı greater selfAÃ[˝,
l«˘V– %Á◊]„Eı [˝QÕˆ %Á◊]Ã[˝, ]ÁX«„bÃ[˝ %c˜e„Eı %‹ôˆÃ[˝ÿöˆ YÃ[˝]Á±¡Á Y«Ã[˝”„bÁw¯„]Ã[˝ [˝`
EıÃ[˝Á ◊[˝◊c˜Tˆ* [˝«◊à˘[˝ÁV› C %Á±¡[˝ÁV›Ã[˝ YU ◊[˝◊\ˆ~, G◊TˆÃ[˝ ◊XÃ^] `◊N˛ %ÁÿöˆÁ
ÿëˆTˆ‹óˆ, Y◊U„EıÃ[˝ \ˆÁbÁC ÿëˆTˆ‹óˆ* %Á◊] C `“›c˜Eı V«cÕL„XcÕ \ˆG[˝d `å Y“„Ã^ÁG
Eı◊Ã[˝, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ \ˆG[˝da∂ëˆ„µ˘ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ [˝«◊à˘Ã[˝ W˝ÁÃ[˝SÁ %ÁÃ[˝ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ %‹ôˆ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ %X«\ˆ[˝,
AcÕ V«cÕªRÙO›Ã[˝ ◊[˝≥V«]Áy BEıÓ XÁcÕ* `å AEı, %UÔ ◊[˝◊\ˆ~* AcÕ ÿöˆ„_ Tˆ„EÔıÃ[˝ ◊Eı
=YEıÁÃ[˝? ◊Tˆ◊X ^◊V cÕeÃ[˝ÁL› %Á◊] ^◊V ZıÃ[˝Áa› ◊_◊F, Â^]X Zı_ c˜Ã^, AcÕ Âl˘‰y
ÂacÕ Zı_cÕ c˜CÃ^Á aêˆ[˝* TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ cÕeÃ[˝ÁL› %Á◊] [˝«◊Mı„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝[˝, %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ZıÃ[˝Áa›
◊Tˆ◊X [˝«◊Mı„[˝X ÂEıX* TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ]„XÃ[˝ \ˆÁ[˝ %Á◊] [˝«◊Mı, ]X«bÓ aÁW˝ÁÃ[˝„SÃ[˝ \ˆÁ[˝,
%Á]ÁÃ[˝C AEı◊VX ÂacÕ W˝Ã[˝„XÃ[˝ ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ TÊÔı a„≥Vc˜ Â^ c˜Ã^ ◊X TˆÁc˜Á X„c˜, ^FX
%Á◊]C [˝«◊à˘[˝ÁV› XÁ◊ÿôÊı [˝Á agnostic ◊ªK˜_Á], \ˆG[˝ÁX„Eı Y“TˆÓl˘ Eı◊Ã[˝ XÁcÕ*
%Á]ÁÃ[˝ Â^ \ˆÁ[˝ C Y“TˆÓl˘ V`ÔX (direct experience) TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ c˜Ã^ XÁcÕ, ◊L◊XbªRÙO›
^FX ÊªJÙ„XX XÁ, Â^ \ˆÁbÁÃ^ TˆÁc˜Á [˝ÓN˛ c˜Ã^, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Y„l˘ `…XÓ EıîXÁÃ[˝ \ˆÁbÁ
]Áy* `“›c˜„EıÃ[˝ Eı◊îTˆ \ˆG[˝ÁX„Eı ]X«„bÓÃ[˝ ]ÁXa„l˘y c˜cÕ„Tˆ ◊[˝TˆÁ◊QÕˆTˆ c˜X,
%Á]ÁÃ[˝ %ÁY◊w¯ XÁcÕ, aTˆÓ \ˆG[˝ÁX„Eı ÂEıc˜ ◊[˝TˆÁ◊QÕˆTˆ Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝X XÁ, `“›c˜EıC XÃ^,
VoltaireC XÃ^, LQÕˆ[˝ÁV› ◊[˝p˚ÁXC XÃ^* ◊Tˆ◊X XÁ◊ÿôÊı„EıC ªJÙÁ_ÁX, %Á◊ÿôÊı„EıC
ªJÙÁ_ÁX, ◊Tˆ◊X aEı„_Ã[˝ %‹ôˆ^ÔÓÁ]› a[[˝Ô◊XÃ^‹ôˆÁ*

AcÕ Y‰yÃ[˝ %ÁÃ[˝ AEıªRÙO› %ÁYV Â^ %Á]Ã[˝Á ^Ác˜Á [˝◊_ XÁcÕ, Yy„_FEı TˆÁc˜ÁcÕ
ÂLÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ]«„F mgLÁcÕÃ^Á ÂVX, ÂacÕ Eı◊îTˆ ◊]UÓÁ \ˆ◊N˛„EıcÕ [˝ÓÜY…SÔ
ÂTˆLÿëˆ› [˝ÁEıÓ‰ÿÉˆÁ„Tˆ \ˆÁaÁcÕÃ^Á ◊V„Tˆ =VÓTˆ c˜X* Y“U] ◊Tˆ◊X [˝„_X, %Á±¡a]YÔ„SÃ[˝
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ÈW˝„^ÔÓÃ[˝ a◊c˜Tˆ, a…©ø\ˆÁ„[˝ VÁ`Ô◊X„EıÃ[˝ EıUÁ [˝«◊MıÃ^Á ÂXCÃ^Á %Á[˝`ÓEı* l«˘V–EıÁÃ^
Y“[˝wÔ¯„EıÃ[˝ l«˘V– Y“[˝„µ˘ ÂacÕÃ[˝÷Y Y…SÔ VÁ`Ô◊XEı ◊[˝ªJÙÁÃ[˝ aêˆ[˝ X„c˜* Â^ÁGY‹öˆÁ ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ
£W˝« ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁÃ[˝ ◊[˝bÃ^ X„c˜, %Á‹ôˆ◊Ã[˝Eı L›[˝„XÃ[˝ %X«\ˆ„[˝Ã[˝ ◊[˝bÃ^* Â^]X aÁW˝ÁÃ[˝S
]X«bÓL›[˝„X XÁXÁ ◊[˝„Ã[˝ÁW˝ C‰Pˆ, Â^ÁGY‹öˆÁÃ^C TˆTˆcÕ [˝Á Tˆ„TˆÁ◊W˝Eı ◊[˝„Ã[˝ÁW˝ ◊[˝H¬
Y“EıªRÙO c˜Ã^* Provisional aÁ]taÓ Eı◊Ã[˝ %X«\ˆ„[˝ ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ C %‹ôˆV ¤≈◊rÙÃ[˝ aÁc˜Á„^Ó,
%[˝„`„b \ˆG[˝d %Á„_ÁEı ◊[˝ÿôˆÁ„Ã[˝ a[˝ ◊[˝H¬ ◊[˝V…◊Ã[˝Tˆ c˜Ã^, aEı_ ◊[˝„Ã[˝ÁW˝› a„TˆÓÃ[˝
Y“E ıTˆ %UÔ ...* TˆÁc˜Á„TˆcÕ aÁ]taÓ %ÁY◊X %Á◊aÃ^Á Y‰QÕˆ, [˝«◊à˘Ã[˝ ÊªJÙrÙÁ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á
%ÁÃ[˝ ◊]_ÁcÕ„Tˆ c˜Ã^ XÁ* `“›c˜Eı ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ Â^ÁGY“ÁUfi XÃ^, %‹ôˆ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ L›[˝„XÃ[˝ ◊V„Eı
TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ _l˘Ó XÁcÕ, \ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝ [˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝Ã[˝ L›[˝„XÃ[˝ ◊V„Eı* %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ =„Å`Ó C ...*
◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ L›[˝X •ÁÃ[˝Á [˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝Ã[˝ L›[˝X GQÕˆÁ, to live from within outward,
%[˝ÿöˆÁÃ[˝ VÁa±ºˆ XÁ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á [˝Á◊c˜ÓEı HªRÙOXÁÃ[˝ Â[˝„G Y«T«ˆ_ XÁªJÙ XÁ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝Ã[˝
ÿëˆÁÃ[˝ÁLÓ aÁ∂ÉˆÁLÓ V ªRÕÙ ◊\ˆ◊w¯Ã[˝ =YÃ[˝ aeÿöˆÁYX EıÃ[˝Á* %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ◊[˝`üÁa ÂV„`Ã[˝
^«[˝EıGS ^◊V AcÕÃ[˝÷Y ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ÿëˆÁÃ[˝ÁLÓ aÁ∂ÉˆÁLÓ GPˆX Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝, \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ\…ˆ◊]
%Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ %}„\ˆV› ]◊c˜]ÁÃ^ ]ÿôÊı =„w¯Á_X Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á a]ÿôˆ LGd„Eı ÿëÊı›Ã^ %Á„_Á„Eı
`◊N˛„Tˆ %ÁX„≥V Y…SÔ C Y¿Á◊[˝Tˆ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ◊V„[˝* Zı„_X Y◊Ã[˝ªJÙ›Ã^„Tˆ, Zı_ ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ
AEı◊V„XC c˜cÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ XÃ^, EgıÁªJÙÁ %[˝ÿöˆÁÃ^C XÃ^, Y…SÔ◊a◊à˘Ã[˝ =YÃ[˝ ◊X\ˆ¤Ã[˝ Eı„Ã[˝*
%Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ◊[˝`üÁa AcÕÃ[˝÷Y %ÁW˝ÓÁ◊≈±¡Eı L›[˝„XÃ[˝ ÊªJÙrÙÁÃ^ \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ Y“ÁªJÙ›XEıÁ„_
]c˜›Ã^ÁX c˜cÕÃ^Á =◊PˆÃ^Á◊ªK˜_ Y„Ã[˝ %[˝X◊TˆÃ[˝ ^«„GC ÂacÕ [˝„_ ac˜ÿÉˆ ◊[˝Y„V [˝gÁ◊ªJÙÃ^Á‰ªK˜,
Ã^«„Ã[˝ÁY AFX Â^ Y ◊U[˝›„Tˆ W˝∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ÁLÓ \ˆG[˝VÀÃ[˝ÁLÓ aeÿöˆÁYX Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ Y“Ã^Áa›, AcÕ
Y‹öˆÁÃ^cÕ ÂacÕ =„Å`Ó ae◊aà˘ c˜cÕ„[˝, [˝«◊à˘Ã[˝ %c˜·¯Á„Ã[˝Ã[˝ [˝„_ XÃ^* `“›c˜„EıÃ[˝ ]„Tˆ
AcÕ ◊[˝`üÁa ◊XTˆÁ‹ôˆ %aÁÃ[˝ ◊`£Ã[˝ %ÁÃ[˝Á]VÁÃÊı EıîXÁ ]Áy* ◊Tˆ◊X [˝„_X \ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝
ÂEı≥V–`◊N˛ EıFX %ÁW˝ÓÁ◊≈±¡Eı p˚ÁX ◊ªK˜_ XÁ, principle„Eı a∂ˆÇ«„F Ã[˝Á◊FÃ^Á B`ü^ÔÓ
TˆÓÁG Eı„Ã[˝X XÁcÕ, ÂVÏ[[˝Ô„_Ó, %Á±¡Ã[˝l˘ÁÃ^ %aÁ]„UÔÓ, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Y„Ã[˝ VÁ„Ã^ ÊPˆ◊EıÃ^Á
* V«πYÁPˆÓ
""Y“[˝wÔ¯Eı'' =„Å„`Ó ◊_◊FTˆ 409
a~ÓÁa› aÁ◊LÃ^Á‰ªK˜* c˜◊O Tˆc˜Á„aÃ[˝ %‡«ˆTˆ [˝ÓÁFÓÁ [˝‰Rª Ù!O \ˆÁ[Ã ˝Tˆ ap˚Á„X (consciously)
ªRÙO_∫ªRÙO„Ã^Ã[˝ ]Tˆ Resist no evil cÕ◊Tˆ ]c˜Á[˝Á„EıÓÃ[˝ `“à˘ÁÃ^ V«fFVÁ◊Ã[˝V–Ó ]c˜d Eı„Ã[˝◊X*
""\ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝ %W˝ÓÁ±¡◊[˝p˚ÁX \…ˆÃ^Á ]Áy* cÕc˜Á L›[˝„X„Tˆ Y…SÔ]ÁyÁÃ^ GPˆX Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á
T«ˆ◊_„Tˆ %l˘]*'' %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ [˝„_X XÁ ◊Eı, ""Lloyd George, Dr. WilsonAÃ[˝ ]Tˆ
A]X AEıªRÙO› Â_ÁEıC \ˆÁÃ[˝„Tˆ ◊ªK˜_ XÁ Â^ AEıªRÙOÁ principle„Eı a∂ˆÇ«„F Ã[˝Á◊FÃ^Á
aEı_ B`ü^ÔÓ„Eı TˆÓÁG Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜_*'' %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ %Á±¡a]YÔS EıUÁ £◊XÃ^Á `“›c˜„EıÃ[˝
c˜Á◊a YÁÃ^, AcÕ EıUÁ £◊XÃ^Á %Á]Á„VÃ[˝C c˜ÁaÓ a∂ëˆÃ[˝S EıÃ[˝Á Eı◊PˆX* %Á]Ã[˝Á YÁG_
XÁ c˜Ã^ ◊`£Ã[˝ ]Tˆ %„XEı %aÁÃ[˝ EıUÁ [˝◊_, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ T«ˆ◊] [˝«◊à˘Ã[˝ =YÁaEı AcÕ ◊Eı
◊XTˆÁ‹ôˆ [˝Á_„EıÃ[˝ ]Tˆ =◊N˛ =à˘ÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„_X, `“›c˜Eı? Y“ÁªJÙ›X \ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝ %Á`“]Y“UÁÃ^
◊Eı ÂEıÁX principle ◊ªK˜_ XÁ? [˝«„à˘Ã[˝ B`ü^ÔÓTˆÓÁ„G principle ◊ªK˜_ XÁ? VÁ„Ã^
ÊPˆ◊Eı^Ã ÁcÕ [˝à« ˘ c˜c˜„O Tˆ %ÁÃ[˝êˆ Eı◊[Ã ˝^Ã Á [Ã ˝Á]E ıb’ Y^ÔÓ‹ôˆ aEı„_cÕ a~ÓÁa› aÁ◊LÃ^Á◊ªK˜„_X?
%Áa_ EıUÁ [˝◊_* Resist no evil Y“ÁªJÙ›X Â[˝Ïà˘„VÃ[˝ ÈLX„VÃ[˝ principle
◊ªK˜_, a]ÿôˆ \ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝ XÃ^* \ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝ Y“ÁªJÙ›X ]„Tˆ VÁ◊Ã[˝V–Ó G–c˜S EıÃ[˝Á, ◊Xfÿëˆ c˜CÃ^Á
a~ÓÁa›Ã[˝ W˝∂ˆÇ,Ô aeaÁÃ[˝›Ã[˝ W˝∂ˆÇÔ XÃ^* \ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝ `Áÿóˆ ]X«bÓ L›[˝X ªJÙÁ◊Ã[˝ªRÙO› =„Å`Ó
ÿëˆ›EıÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜, %UÔ EıÁ] W˝∂ˆÇÔ Â]Ál˘, Ã^«„Ã[˝ÁY›Ã^ `Á‰ÿóˆÃ[C unformulated
\ˆÁ„[˝ %„XEı◊VX ÂacÕ ªJÙÁ◊Ã[˝ªRÙO›cÕ ◊ªK˜_, Âa ]X«bÓÿëˆ\ˆÁ„[˝Ã[˝ =YÃ[˝ Y“◊Tˆ◊úˆTˆ* cÕc˜Á
aTˆÓ Â^ \ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝ a~ÓÁa› ^Ác˜ÁcÕ EıÃ[˝”X LÁ◊Tˆ cÕ¨K˜Á Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á B`ü^ÔÓTˆÓÁG Eı„Ã[˝X
XÁcÕ* Y“[˝wÔ¯„EıÃ[˝ Â_FEı \ˆÁ„[˝Ã[˝ =¨nº˜Á„a AcÕ EıUÁ ◊_◊FÃ^Á ÂZı◊_„_X Â^ \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ[˝bÔ
^«G ^«G W˝◊Ã[˝Ã^Á cÕc˜LG„TˆÃ[˝ aEı_ B`ü„^ÔÓcÕ [˝◊á˚Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á Ã[˝◊c˜Ã^Á‰ªK˜, %TˆÓÁªJÙÁÃ[˝
ac˜Ó Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜ --- Âÿëˆ¨K˜ÁÃ^ XÃ^, ÈV[˝◊[˝YÁ„Eı* AcÕ EıUÁ %◊Tˆ`„Ã^Á◊N˛, ◊PÊı aTˆÓ
XÃ^* \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ[˝bÔ ÂacÕ◊VX Y^ÔÓ‹ôˆ ]c˜Á B`ü^ÔÓ`Á_› ◊ªK˜_, ]c˜Á `◊N˛]ÁX ◊ªK˜_* c…˜X
Èı„Eı %Á±¡aÁd Eı◊[Ã ˝^Ã Á V«◊V„X ÂZı◊_Ã^Á◊ªK˜_, [˝[[˝[ÃÔ ˝„Eı a«a\ˆÓ %ÁW˝ÓÁ◊≈±¡Eı \ˆÁ[˝a+~
Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜_* ]«a_]ÁX %Á◊aÃ^Á‰ªK˜, TˆÁc˜Á„Tˆ B`ü^ÔÓ Eı„] XÁcÕ* ◊[˝◊LTˆ
^◊V [˝_ ÂV◊F„[˝ Ã^«„Ã[˝Á„YC A]X ÂV` XÁcÕ Â^ AEıa]Ã^ ◊[˝„LTˆÁÃ[˝ %W˝›„X ◊ªK˜_
XÁ* Tˆ„[˝ \ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝ Ã[˝ÁLX›◊TÊı BEıÓTˆÁÃ[˝ %\ˆÁ„[˝ [˝ÁÃ[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÂacÕ %Áy‘]S ac˜Ó
Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜, [˝ÁÃ[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ aÁ]_ÁcÕÃ^Á _cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜ c˜Ã^ ◊[˝◊LTˆ„Eı %Á±¡aÁd Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜
XÃ^ Â[˝ÁMıÁYQÕˆÁ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á `Á◊‹ôˆ„Tˆ [˝Á ^«„à˘, cÕc˜Á Eı] `◊N˛Ã[˝ _l˘S X„c˜* %[˝„`„b
%[˝a~ V«[[˝Ô_ V◊Ã[˝V– c˜cÕÃ^Á Y‰QÕˆ --- B`ü^ÔÓc˜›X ◊[˝◊[˝W˝ V«Å¤`ÁG–ÿôˆ --- AcÕ V«cÕ
`TˆÁå› W˝◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ]Áy, AFX %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ =◊Pˆ„Tˆ‰ªK˜, cÕe„Ã[˝L LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ a„Ü Â[˝ÁMıÁYQÕˆÁ
Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ÿëˆÃ[˝Á„LÃ[˝ ÊªJÙrÙÁÃ^ %Á‰ªK˜* %ÁW˝ÓÁ◊≈±¡Eı [˝„_ XÃ^ Tˆ ÂEıÁX `◊N˛„Tˆ ATˆ◊VX
[˝gÁ◊ªJÙÃ^Á‰ªK˜, ◊[˝Y„VÃ[˝ TˆÃ[˝„Ü [˝ÁÃ[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ =◊PˆÃ^Á‰ªK˜ [˝_ ÂV◊F? \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ[˝Áa› ◊^◊XcÕ [˝_«X,
cÕe„Ã[˝LcÕ c˜=X, \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ[˝Áa›cÕ c˜=X, EıFX AEıUÁ ÿëˆ›EıÁÃ[˝ Eı„Ã[˝Á XÁ Â^ %Á]Ã[˝Á
c˜›X ◊ªJÙÃ[˝Y◊TˆTˆ mSc˜›X LÁ◊Tˆ* Âa EıUÁ aTˆÓ X„c˜, QˆÁc˜Á ◊]UÓÁ*
TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ YÃ[˝ %ÁW˝ÓÁ◊≈±¡EıTˆÁÃ[˝ EıUÁ* ◊^◊X [˝„_X \ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝ Y“ÁªJÙ›X a\ˆÓTˆÁÃ^
%ÁW˝ÓÁ◊≈±¡EıTˆÁ„Eı principle Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á G◊PˆTˆ c˜Ã^◊X, ◊Tˆ◊X c˜Ã^ \ˆÁ_ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á study
Eı„Ã[˝X XÁcÕ XÃ^ %ÁW˝ÓÁ◊≈±¡EıTˆÁ ◊Eı ÂacÕ a∂ëˆ„µ˘ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ W˝ÁÃ[˝SÁ }Á‹ôˆ* ÿëˆ›EıÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝,
\ˆÁÃ[˝„Tˆ %ÁW˝ÓÁ◊≈±¡EıTˆÁÃ[˝ ªKg˜Á‰ªJÙ a]ÿôˆ L›[˝X„Eı ""Y…SÔ ]ÁyÁÃ^'' GPˆX Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝
XÁcÕ --- EıLX principleAÃ[˝ ]Tˆ a]ÿôˆ aw¯ÁÃ[˝ %e`„Eı GPˆX Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ a]UÔ*
]X«bÓ %◊Tˆ complex being, ÂacÕ LXÓ L›[˝„XÃ[˝ ^Tˆ L◊ªRÙO_TˆÁ, a]aÓÁ,
%Á±¡◊[˝„Ã[˝ÁW˝* cÕc˜ÁC ÿëˆ›EıÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝ ÂacÕ X…ÓXTˆÁ ^Tˆ G_„VÃ[˝ ÂGÁ_* AcÕ %ÁV„`ÔÃ[˝
Â^]X ]c˜ÁZı_ c˜Ã^, ÂTˆ]XcÕ ]c˜Á◊[˝YVC c˜Ã^, X…ÓXTˆÁÃ^ ac˜„L }e` c˜Ã^, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ
%Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ `›H– Y«XÃ[˝”xÁX c˜Ã^* cÕc˜ÁC ÿëˆ›EıÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝ Â^ Â`b %[˝ÿöˆÁÃ^ %◊Tˆ]Áy G_V
◊ªK˜_, ]ÁX«b› TˆX« %Á◊`“Tˆ \ˆG[˝ÁX„Eı %[˝]ÁXXÁ, p˚ÁX Eı∂ˆÇÔ„Eı FÁ‰ªRÙOÁ EıÃ[˝Á, Â^Á„GÃ[˝
L›[˝„XÃ[˝ ◊[˝‰¨K˜V C ◊[˝„Ã[˝ÁW˝, cÕTˆÓÁ◊V \«ˆ_}Á◊‹ôˆÃ[˝ %◊Tˆ]Áy [˝ ◊à˘* ÂacÕL„XÓcÕ
\ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝ %ÁW˝ÓÁ±¡◊[˝p˚ÁX„Eı \…ˆÃ^Á ]Áy [˝_Á ◊XTˆÁ‹ôˆ %aÁÃ[˝ EıUÁ, %î [˝Á %W˝›Ã[˝
[˝«◊à˘Ã[˝ _l˘S* %ÁW˝ÓÁ◊≈±¡EıTˆÁÃ[˝ ◊PÊı Y‹öˆÁ c˜ÁÃ[˝ÁcÕÃ^Á \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ V«Å¤`ÁG–ÿôˆ* %ÁW˝ÓÁ◊≈±¡EıTˆÁ
◊L◊XaªRÙOÁ ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ EıFX c˜ÁÃ[˝ÁÃ^ XÁcÕ, ÂacÕ ◊X◊c˜Tˆ `◊N˛„Tˆ a]ÿôˆ %Áy‘]S ◊[˝YV
ac˜Ó Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á [˝gÁ◊ªJÙÃ^Á Ã[˝◊c˜Ã^Á‰ªK˜, ÂacÕ `◊N˛„Tˆ =◊PˆÃ^Á‰ªK˜* Y“]ÁS AcÕ Â^ Â^FÁ„X
^Tˆ[˝ÁÃ[˝ =◊PˆÃ^Á‰ªK˜, Âa %ÁW˝ÓÁ◊≈±¡EıTˆÁÃ[˝ AEıªRÙOÁ X…TˆX TˆÃ[˝„ÜÃ[˝ ]«„F, cÕ◊Tˆc˜Áa TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝
aÁl˘›* AcÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝C Â^ =xÁX c˜cÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜, %ÁW˝ÓÁ◊≈±¡EıTˆÁÃ[˝ X…TˆX TˆÃ[˝ÜcÕ TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Y…[[˝Ô-
◊ªJÙc˜‘ ◊ªK˜_* cÕ◊Tˆc˜Áa„Eı ^◊V %ÿëˆ›EıÁÃ[˝ EıÃ[˝, fact„Eı ^◊V ÿëˆ]„TˆÃ[˝ ÂLÁ„Ã[˝ =QÕˆÁcÕÃ^Á
VÁC, TˆÁc˜Á c˜cÕ„_ %ÁÃ[˝ EıUÁ XÁcÕ*
`“›c˜Eı Ã^«„Ã[˝Á„YÃ[˝ V rÙÁ‹ôˆ ÂVFÁX* ◊Lp˚ÁaÁ Eı◊Ã[˝ ]ÁX«b› [˝«◊à˘Ã[˝ %X«`›_„X
ÂEıÁXC Ã^«„Ã[˝ÁY›Ã^ LÁ◊Tˆ %]Ã[˝ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜ [˝Á ac˜ÿÉˆ ac˜ÿÉˆ [˝daÃ[˝ [˝gÁ◊ªJÙÃ^Á‰ªK˜* ◊Tˆ◊X
^◊V [˝„_X Â^ %ÁW˝ÓÁ◊≈±¡EıTˆÁÃ^ W˝«Ã^Á W˝Ã[˝ÁÃ^ [˝«◊à˘„Eı Y“W˝ÁX XÁ EıÃ[˝ÁÃ^ \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ %W˝f-
Y◊TˆTˆ, --- ÿëˆÁW˝›X [˝«◊à˘Ã[˝ %X«`›_X Eı◊]Ã^Á ^ÁCÃ^ÁÃ^ ÊªRÙÃ[˝ l˘◊Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜, %ÿëˆ›EıÁÃ[˝
Eı◊Ã[˝ XÁ, %Á◊] Âa EıUÁ [˝ÁÃ[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ ◊_◊FÃ^Á◊ªK˜, --- %Á◊]C [˝◊_„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝ ÂEı[˝_
]ÁX«b› [˝«◊à˘„Eı Y“W˝ÁX Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^ÁcÕ ÂÃ[˝Á] G–›a ◊]`Ã[˝, %a«Ã[˝ ÂV` [˝Á◊[˝„_ÁX ]◊Ã[˝Ã^Á
◊GÃ^Á‰ªK˜* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ]ÁX«b› [˝«◊à˘Ã[˝ Y“Á[˝„_Ó cÕe_â¯-Z–ıÁ≥a-%Á„]◊Ã[˝EıÁ L∂ˆÇÔS›„Eı LÃ^
Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜, %TÂ[˝ \ˆG[˝ÁX„Eı TˆÁQÕˆÁcÕÃ^Á VÁC, LÃ^ ]ÁX«b› [˝«◊à˘Ã[˝ LÃ^! ◊Lp˚ÁaÁ
""Y“[˝wÔ¯Eı'' =„Å„`Ó ◊_◊FTˆ 411
Eı◊Ã[˝ L∂ˆÇÔS›Ã[˝ ◊Eı [˝«◊à˘[˝_, [˝«◊à˘Ã[˝ %X«`›_X ◊ªK˜_ XÁ? ^«„à˘Ã[˝ Y“U] ◊VX Y^ÔÓ‹ôˆ
L∂ˆÇÔS›cÕ AEı `TˆÁå› W˝◊Ã[˝Ã^Á Ã^«„Ã[˝Á„YÃ[˝ mÃ[˝”, V`Ô„X mÃ[˝”, ◊[˝VÓÁÃ^ mÃ[˝”, [˝«◊à˘[˝Á„VÃ[˝
mÃ[˝”, LQÕˆ[˝Á„VÃ[˝ mÃ[˝”, SocialismAÃ[˝ mÃ[˝”, ◊[˝p˚ÁX Tˆ√º¯ %„Xüb„S TˆTˆ XÁ Âc˜ÁEı
◊[˝p˚ÁX Y“„Ã^Á„G mÃ[˝”* ÂacÕÃ[˝÷Y [˝«◊à˘G◊PˆTˆ ` Ö_Á ◊X„Ã[˝ªRÙO [˝µ˘X organisation,
efficiency %ÁÃ[˝ ÂEıÁUÁC ◊ªK˜_ XÁ* AcÕ [˝«◊à˘cÕ ^◊V a[[˝Ôÿëˆ, Âc˜X L∂ˆÇÔS›Ã[˝ YTˆX
c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜ ÂEıX* Â^ cÕe_â¯ [˝«◊à˘Ã[˝ W˝ÁÃ[˝ W˝Á„Ã[˝ XÁ, we somehow muddle
through [˝◊_Ã^Á ^Ác˜ÁÃ[˝ [˝QÕˆÁcÕ, Âa LÃ^› c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜ ÂEıX, Â^ Z–ıÁ„≥aÃ[˝ ◊ªJÙÃ[˝Eı_·¯
AcÕ Â^ aÁcã› [˝«◊à˘]ÁX a\ˆÓTˆÁÃ[˝ ÂEı≥V– c˜cÕÃ^ÁC Âa ◊[˝Y„V ◊ªRÙO◊Eı„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ XÁ, ÂacÕ
[˝Á Ac˜[O ˝Á[Ã ˝ ◊ªRÙ◊O Eı^Ã Á‰ªK˜ ÂEıX, Â^ %Á„]◊Ã[˝EıÁ a\ˆÓTˆÁ[Ã ˝ AEıYÁ“ „‹ôˆ Y◊QÕˆ^Ã Á◊ªK˜_, Âa c˜PˆÁd
LG„Tˆ idealismAÃ[˝ ÂXTˆÁ c˜cÕÃ^Á =◊PˆÃ^Á‰ªK˜ ÂEıX* ÂEı[˝_cÕ ◊Eı [˝«◊à˘Ã[˝ [˝„_?
LÁ◊X XÁ `“›c˜Eı Ã^«„Ã[˝Á„YÃ[˝ ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ F[˝„Ã[˝Ã[˝ EıUÁ Ã[˝Á„FX XÁ ÂEı[˝_cÕ AcÕ
ÂV„`Ã[˝ F[˝„Ã[˝Ã[˝ EıÁGL Y◊QÕˆÃ^Á TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ W˝ÁÃ[˝SÁ G◊PˆTˆ Eı„Ã[˝X! cÕc˜Á ◊Eı LÁ„XX XÁ Â^
[˝◊« à˘[˝ÁV› ^Ã „« [Ã ˝ÁY %ÁÃ[˝ [˝◊« à˘[˝ÁV› X„c˜, \ˆÁ[Ã ˝„Tˆ[Ã ˝ %ÁW˝ÓÁ◊≈±¡EıTˆÁ[Ã ˝ Âac˜FO Á„X %Á◊W˝YTˆÓ-
EıÁ_ %ÁÃ[˝êˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜* AcÕ ÊÿÉˆÁTˆ E«ı◊QÕˆ ◊≈y` [˝daÃ[˝ W˝◊Ã[˝Ã^Á [˝◊c˜„Tˆ‰ªK˜ --- V`Ô„X,
◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁÃ^, EıÁ„[˝Ó, ◊ªJÙ‰y, aÜ›„Tˆ* cÕc˜Á ◊Eı LÁ„XX XÁ Â^, %Á„]◊Ã[˝EıÁÃ^ Èa◊XEı ◊Eı
W˝Ã[˝„SÃ[˝ ◊ªJÙ◊Pˆ Â_„FX, ]Á„Mı ]Á„Mı Eı◊[˝TˆÁÃ[˝ =VGÁÃ[˝ Eı„Ã[˝ ªK˜‰y ªK˜‰y \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝
EıUÁ \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ \ˆÃ[˝aÁÃ^ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝cÕ `◊N˛„Tˆ ^«à˘ EıÃ[˝ÁÃ[˝ EıUÁ* %ÁÃ[˝ aÁ]ÁXÓ Â_FEı
Â^ a[˝ Eı◊[˝TˆÁ Â_„F, ÂEı[˝_cÕ %W˝ÓÁ±¡, Y«X#¤XΩ, a[[˝ÔL›„[˝ \ˆG[˝Å`Ô„XÃ[˝ EıUÁ*
cÕe„Ã[˝L Wells Âa ◊VX [˝«◊à˘Ã[˝ [˝„_ %ÁV`Ô a]ÁL aeÿöˆÁYX EıUÁ ◊_◊FÃ^Á‰ªK˜X,
AFX ◊Eı ◊_◊F„Tˆ‰ªK˜X? ""[˝«◊à˘Ã[˝ [˝„_ c˜cÕ„[˝ XÁ, %‹ôˆÃ[˝ÿöˆ \ˆG[˝ÁX„Eı LÁGÁcÕÃ^Á
VÁC, =‰Pˆ Y◊QÕˆ, \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ Èa◊XEı c˜cÕÃ^Á %Á±¡ÁÃ[˝ [˝„_ \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ `◊N˛„Tˆ
Y ◊U[˝›„Tˆ ÿëˆGÔÃ[˝ÁLÓ, \ˆG[˝VÀÃ[˝ÁLÓ ÿöˆÁYX Eı◊Ã[˝*'' NoyesAÃ[˝ ]Tˆ cÕe„Ã[˝L Eı◊[˝Ã[˝ÁC
ÂacÕ AEıcÕ EıUÁ Â_„FX, \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ Ã[˝ÁLÓ* `“›c˜Eı ÂV` c˜cÕ„Tˆ ]c˜ÁEıÁY«Ã[˝”b
\ˆG[˝ÁX„Eı TˆÁQÕˆÁcÕ„Tˆ [˝◊_„Tˆ‰ªK˜X, Ã^«„Ã[˝ÁY„Eı ÂacÕ EıUÁ [˝„_X ◊GÃ^Á!* £W˝« %Á]Ã[˝Á
* [Y‰yÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó AcÕ %e`ªªR«ÙOE«ıÃ[˝ ÿöˆÁX ◊X„V¤` EıÃ[˝Á ^ÁÃ^◊X, Tˆ„[˝ AcÕFÁ„X Y“„^ÁLÓ c˜„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝*]
""TˆÁc˜Á ◊Eı c˜cÕ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝? [˝›Ã[˝ ]ÁX«b› [˝«◊à˘ EıÁY«Ã[˝”b \ˆG[˝ÁX„Eı TˆÁQÕˆÁcÕ„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝„[˝ XÁ* W˝Ã[˝ÁY úˆ
c˜cÕ„Tˆ TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ XÁ] ]«ªK˜ÁcÕTˆ? %Á_[˝Ád Eı„Ã[˝ÜÁ* V«f„FÃ[˝ EıUÁ Â^, Â^ ÂEırÙ `“›c˜„EıÃ[˝ ◊[˝ÿˆÇÃ^ C \ˆ◊N˛Ã[˝
YÁy, ÂaFÁ„XcÕ W˝…wÔ¯ \ˆG[˝ÁX AEı[˝ÁÃ[˝ Y_ÁÃ^X Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^ÁC AFX %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ Ã[˝ÁLÓ ◊[˝ÿôˆÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜X,
[˝«◊à˘[˝ÁV c˜◊ªRÙOÃ^Á ^ÁcÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜* %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ Â[˝VÁ„‹ôˆÃ[˝ ÂV`, %[˝TˆÁÃ[˝[˝Á„VÃ[˝ ÂV` \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ, ËªJÙTˆXÓ Ã[˝Á]E ıb’
◊[˝„[˝EıÁX„≥VÃ[˝ LXΩ\…ˆ◊] [˝Ü\…ˆ◊] c˜cÕ„Tˆ \ˆG[˝ÁX„Eı TˆÁQÕˆÁcÕ„Tˆ %Á‚º˜ÁX Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜X* `“›c˜Eı l˘]Á
EıÃ[˝”X, ÂacÕ %aÁW˝Ó aÁW˝XÁÃ^ Y“[˝ w¯ c˜cÕ„Tˆ %Á]Ã[˝Á XÁÃ[˝ÁL*''
Â^ ÿëˆG[ÃÔ ˝Á„LÓÃ[˝ EıUÁ [˝◊_„Tˆ◊Kª ˜ TˆÁc˜Á XÃ^, ^Ã „« [Ã ˝Á„YÃ[˝ ◊ªJÙ‹ˆô ÁXÁÃÊı ÂacÕ a«[Ã ˝ W˝◊[Ã ˝^Ã Á‰ªK˜X*
YÁ∏JÙÁTˆÓ C Y“ÁªJÙÓ AEı]Tˆ c˜cÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜X*
AFX Y“`¬ AcÕ ^Ã „« [Ã ˝ÁY [˝◊« à˘[˝ÁV Kª ˜Á◊QÕˆ„Tˆ‰Kª ˜, %Á]Ã[˝Á ◊Eı W˝◊[Ã ˝[˝, %W˝ÓÁ±¡◊[˝p˚Á„XÃ[˝
[˝„_, XÃ^ [˝«◊à˘Ã[˝ [˝„_cÕ [˝_›Ã^ÁX c˜cÕ[˝? ^◊V %W˝ÓÁ±¡◊[˝p˚Á„XÃ[˝ Y…SÔ]ÁyÁÃ^ L›[˝X„Eı
GPˆX EıÃ[˝Á Ê`“Ã^f, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Y“E ıTˆ Y‹öˆÁ ◊Eı? ÂacÕ %Á„_ÁªJÙXÁ Y„Ã[˝ c˜cÕ„[˝*
*
Â^ Yy %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ◊XEıªRÙO YÁPˆÁcÕÃ^ÁªK˜, Yy„_FEı [AÃ[˝] ]„XÃ[˝ ]Tˆ a„‹ôˆÁbLXEı

=w¯Ã[˝ ÂVCÃ^Á Eı◊PˆX* Â_FEı ◊[˝◊l˘ä ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁÃ[˝ =„w¯LXÁÃ^ c˜÷V„Ã^Ã[˝ Tˆ›[˝– %Á„[˝„G Â^
A„_Á„]„_Á \ˆÁ„[˝ XÁXÁX EıUÁ LQÕˆÁcÕÃ^Á ◊VÃ^Á‰ªK˜X, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁÃ[˝ G◊Tˆ ^◊V %X«aÃ[˝S
Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ ^ÁcÕ, ÂacÕ %Á[˝„wÔ¯ Y◊QÕˆ„Tˆ c˜Ã^, %UªJÙ %XÓ \ˆÁ„[˝ %XÓ ◊VEı c˜cÕ„Tˆ
◊[˝bÃ^ªRÙO› ◊PÊı =w¯Ã[˝ ÂVCÃ^Á c˜Ã^ XÁ* TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ %îEıUÁÃ^ a]ÿôˆ ◊[˝`üa]aÓÁ
=xÁYX! V«cÕªJÙÁ◊Ã[˝ªRÙO› Â]ÁªRÙO EıUÁÃ^ ◊[˝`üa]aÓÁÃ[˝ ]›]ÁeaÁ EıÃ[˝Á %aÁW˝Ó, ^◊VC %î-
EıUÁÃ^ =xÁYX EıÃ[˝Á ac˜L* Â^]X YÁ◊Ã[˝, V«cÕ EıUÁÃ^ ac˜L \ˆÁ„[˝ ^Ác˜Á c˜Ã^, AcÕ
aEı_ Y“`¬ C %ÁY◊w¯Ã[˝ =w¯Ã[˝ ◊V[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÊªJÙrÙÁ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝* Y“U] AEıªRÙOÁ EıUÁ XÁ [˝_Á ªJÙ„_
XÁ* Â_FEı ]ÁX«b› [˝«◊à˘Ã[˝ l˘SÿöˆÁÃ^› B`ü„^ÔÓ ◊[˝]«Ñ˘, [˝«◊à˘Ã[˝ [˝„_ %ÁÿöˆÁ[˝ÁX [˝_[˝ÁX
c˜cÕ„Tˆ ªJÙÁX* Â[˝`Tˆ, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ cÕc˜ÁcÕ ^◊V Y‹öˆÁ, Y“U] [˝«◊à˘„Eı W˝›Ã[˝ ◊ÿöˆÃ[˝ ` Ö◊_Tˆ
Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ c˜Ã^, c˜÷V„Ã^Ã[˝ %Á„[˝G =„•G ◊[˝„l˘„Y =„•◊_Tˆ ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁÃ^ ÂEıÁXC a]aÓÁ
]›]Áe◊aTˆ c˜Ã^ XÁ, L›[˝„XÃ[˝ G◊TˆÃ[˝ ÂEıÁXC ◊ÿöˆÃ[˝ Y‹öˆÁC YÁCÃ^Á ^ÁÃ^ XÁ* Ã^«„Ã[˝Á„YÃ[˝
[˝«◊à˘[˝ÁV›C AcÕ EıUÁ LÁ„XX C [˝„_X Â^ c˜÷VÃ^V]„X ]„TˆÃ[˝ c˜PÊıÁ◊Ã[˝TˆÁ [˝#¤„X
l«˘V– %Á◊]„Eı X›Ã[˝[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ◊[˝Ã[˝ÁªRÙO aTˆÓ„Eı ÂV◊F„Tˆ c˜Ã^* LGd V«fFY…SÔ [˝◊_Ã^Á
ªJÙá˚_ c˜CÃ^ÁÃ[˝ ÂEıÁXC Zı_ XÁcÕ, ◊ÿöˆÃ[˝\ˆÁ„[˝ G_V ÂEıÁUÁÃ^ ÂVF, ÂÃ[˝Á„GÃ[˝ ]…_
EıÁÃ[˝S ◊X„Å¤` Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á DbW˝ C YUÓ ◊[˝„W˝Ã^* %ÁÃ[˝ AEıªRÙO› %◊Y“Ã^ EıUÁ %Á◊]
[˝◊_„Tˆ [˝ÁW˝Ó* LÁ◊Tˆ [˝Á [˝Ó◊N˛ ^◊V LG„TˆÃ[˝ ac˜ÿÉˆ %ÁHÁ„Tˆ ◊Tˆ◊úˆ„Tˆ ªJÙÁÃ^, W˝›Ã[˝\ˆÁ„[˝
VÒÁQÕˆÁcÕ„Tˆ c˜Ã^* ◊[˝Y„V %Á„l˘Y %`“”[˝bÔS EıÁ~ÁÃ[˝ a«Ã[˝ ÈXÃ[˝Á`Ó c˜Ác˜ÁEıÁÃ[˝ ÂVÏ[[˝Ô„_ÓÃ[˝
%l˘]TˆÁÃ[˝ _l˘S* cÕc˜Á c˜cÕ„Tˆ ◊[˝YV„Eı ""]…Eı C [˝◊W˝„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ]Tˆ'' X›Ã[˝„[˝ ac˜Ó EıÃ[˝Á
ac˜ÿÉˆmS \ˆÁ_* %Á±¡Ã[˝l˘Á, ac˜Ó EıÃ[˝Á [˝Á ◊Tˆ◊Tˆl˘Á, ◊ÿöˆÃ[˝TˆÁÃ^ l˘]TˆÁÃ^ ÿëˆÁÃ[˝ÁLÓ,
%Á±¡`◊N˛„Tˆ aÁ∂ÉˆÁLÓ, AcÕ c˜cÕ_ %Á„±¡Á~◊TˆÃ[˝ ªJÙÁ◊Ã[˝ªRÙO› W˝ÁY, ◊[˝`üÃ[˝÷Y ◊[˝VÓÁ_„Ã^Ã[˝
ªJÙÁ◊Ã[˝ªRÙO› YÁPˆ* Â_FEı \ˆG[˝ÁX„Eı ""]c˜Á EıÁY«Ã[˝”b'' [˝◊_Ã^Á‰ªK˜X, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝
LGd [˝›„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ◊V◊GüL„Ã^Ã[˝ Ã[˝S„l˘y* L›[˝„XÃ[˝ %ÁE ı◊Tˆ G◊Tˆ ◊ÿöˆ◊Tˆ ÂVF, LQÕˆ c˜cÕ„Tˆ
""Y“[˝wÔ¯Eı'' =„Å„`Ó ◊_◊FTˆ 413
%Á±¡Tˆ√º¯ Y^ÔÓ‹ôˆ cÕc˜ÁcÕ TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Y“U] C Â`b ◊`l˘Á* ◊Tˆ◊X ^◊V aTˆÓcÕ _l˘Ó C YU
◊PÊı ◊X„Å¤` Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á principle a∂ˆÇ«„F Ã[˝Á◊FÃ^Á ªJÙ◊_„Tˆ ªJÙÁX, [˝«◊à˘Ã[˝ ÂFÃ^Á_ XÃ^,
Y“Á„SÃ[˝ TˆÃ[˝ÜÃ[˝÷Y %W˝›Ã[˝ =¨nº˜Áa XÃ^, %Á„G ◊ÿöˆÃ[˝ \ˆÁ„[˝ ÂVF«X, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ YÃ[˝ Â^
aTˆÓcÕ YÁX, ÂacÕ principle Y…SÔ `“à˘ÁÃ[˝ a◊c˜Tˆ %X«aÃ[˝S EıÃ[˝ÁÃ^ Zı_ c˜cÕ„[˝*
[˝«◊à˘Ã[˝ %X‹ôˆYU, [˝«◊à˘]ÁX AEıYU ◊ÿöˆÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á _„l˘ÓÃ[˝ ◊V„Eı ªJÙ„_X, AcÕ CcÕ
◊VEı ªK«˜◊ªRÙO„_ [˝Ó◊Tˆ[˝ÓÿôˆcÕ c˜cÕ„Tˆ c˜Ã^, ÂEıÁUÁC YßgªJÙÁX ^ÁÃ^ XÁ* cÕc˜ÁcÕ [˝«◊à˘Ã[˝
◊XÃ^]*
Y“[˝wÔ¯„EıÃ[˝ ◊X◊Å¤rÙ YU ÿëˆTˆ‹óˆ, Âa AEıÁ [˝«◊à˘Ã[˝ X„c˜, %Á±¡ÁÃ[˝ C a]G– aw¯ÁÃ[˝*
%Á]Ã[˝Á Y…SÔ„^Á„GÃ[˝ aÁW˝Eı, \ˆG[˝ÁX„Eı Y…SÔ\ˆÁ„[˝ _Á\ˆ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á LG„Tˆ VÒÁQÕˆÁcÕ„Tˆ
ªJÙÁcÕ* AcÕ aÁW˝XÁÃ^ %„XEı ◊[˝„Ã[˝Á„W˝Ã[˝ aÁ]taÓ EıÃ[˝Á, %„XEı L◊ªRÙO_ a]aÓÁÃ^
YÃ[˝›l˘ÁÃ^ =w¯›SÔ c˜CÃ^Á %Á[˝`ÓEı* TÛÁ◊Y %Á]Á„VÃ[˝C AEıªRÙO› principle %Á‰ªK˜,
ÂaªRÙO›„Eı V ªRÕÙ\ˆÁ„[˝ W˝◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ªJÙ◊_, Âa ◊Eı TˆÁc˜Á Y„Ã[˝ [˝ÓÁFÓÁ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÊªJÙrÙÁ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝*
Yy„_FEı Y“[˝wÔ¯„Eı ◊[˝„Ã[˝Á„W˝Ã[˝ =◊N˛ ÂV◊FÃ^Á %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ %Á„y‘Á` Eı„Ã[˝X,
◊[˝„Ã[˝Á„W˝Ã[˝ aÁ]taÓ ÂV„FX XÁ, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ EıÁÃ[˝S ◊Tˆ◊X ÂEı[˝_ [˝◊c˜]Ô«F› TˆÁ◊EÔıEı [˝«◊à˘Ã[˝
aÁc˜Á„^Ó [˝«◊Mı„Tˆ ªJÙÁX, %Á]Ã[˝Á ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ %Á±¡p˚ÁX C aÁW˝„XÃ[˝ V ◊rÙ„Tˆ ÂV◊F, ÂacÕ \ˆÁ„[˝
ªJÙ◊_* %Á±¡◊[˝„Ã[˝Á„W˝Ã[˝ AEıªRÙO› V rÙÁ‹ôˆ ÂVX Â^ %Á]Ã[˝Á AEıÿöˆ„_ [˝◊_Ã^Á◊ªK˜ ""Â^ Â^FÁ„X
%ÁªK˜, [˝„a YQÕˆ'', %ÁÃ[˝ AEıÿöˆ„_ ""\ˆG[˝ÁX Â^ ◊V„Eı ªK«˜◊ªRÙO„Ã^ ªJÙÁ_ÁX, ^ÁC*'' AFX
Â^ÁGY„U [˝◊aÃ^Á YQÕˆÁ Â^]X aTˆÓ, ªK«˜◊ªRÙOÃ^Á ^ÁCÃ^ÁC aTˆÓ* aÁW˝„XÃ[˝ EıUÁ, aÁW˝„XÃ[˝
XÁXÁ %[˝ÿöˆÁ %Á‰ªK˜* Y“U] =◊N˛ AEıªRÙO› aÁW˝ÁÃ[˝S ◊XÃ^], Â`b =◊N˛ ◊[˝„`b
%[˝ÿöˆÁÃ^ FÁ‰ªRÙO* aÁW˝„XÃ[˝ Y“U] %[˝ÿöˆÁÃ^ \ˆG[˝ÁX ªJÙÁ_ÁX [˝‰ªRÙO, %Á]Ã[˝Á ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ªK«˜◊ªRÙO
%c˜eEıÁ„Ã[˝Ã[˝, Ã[˝ÁL◊aEı =„w¯LXÁÃ[˝ Â[˝„G ÊY“Ã[˝SÁ„Eı ◊[˝E ıTˆ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á, TˆFX [˝◊a[˝ÁÃ[˝
%Á„V`, ◊X‰∏JÙrÙTˆÁÃ[˝ aÁW˝X %◊X[˝Á^ÔÓ c˜Ã^* [˝Ã[˝Á[˝Ã[˝cÕ ^◊V ÂacÕ %£à˘ ]„X ◊[˝E ıTˆ
ÊY“Ã[˝SÁÃ^ ªJÙ◊_, ÂEıÁXC G\ˆ›Ã[˝ FÁ„V Y◊QÕˆÃ^Á c˜ÁQÕˆ \ˆÁÜÁX _Á\ˆcÕ c˜cÕ„[˝* \ˆG[˝ÁX
^FX ªJÙÁ_ÁX, ^ÁC, ^FX [˝aÁcÕÃ^Á ÂVX, [˝◊aÃ^Á YQÕˆ, AcÕ EıUÁÃ^ A]X ◊Eı ◊[˝„Ã[˝ÁW˝
%Á‰ªK˜? ^FX ◊a◊à˘Ã[˝ %[˝ÿöˆÁ c˜cÕ„[˝ TˆFX AcÕ ◊[˝E ı◊TˆÃ[˝ LtÁ_ ◊[˝XrÙ c˜cÕ„[˝, TˆFX
XÁ c˜Ã^ %◊[˝`“Á„] [˝Ã[˝Á[˝Ã[˝ ªK«˜◊ªRÙOÃ^Á ^ÁcÕ[˝, TˆÁc˜ÁC \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ cÕ¨K˜Á`◊N˛ %Á„V` C
ÊY“Ã[˝SÁÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ ◊X\ˆ¤Ã[˝ Eı„Ã[˝* %ÁÃ[˝ TˆFXC aEı_ ÊªJÙrÙÁÃ[˝ ◊YªK˜„X AEıªRÙOÁ ]c˜Tˆ›
◊X‰∏JÙrÙTˆÁ ◊[˝Ã[˝ÁL Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝* %Á±¡Tˆ„√º¯Ã[˝ EıUÁ, Â^Á„GÃ[˝ EıUÁÃ^ ÂEı[˝_cÕ TˆÁ◊EÔıEı
[˝«◊à˘ _ÁGÁX ªJÙ„_ XÁ* TˆÁ◊EÔıEı [˝«◊à˘Ã[˝ ◊cãÁ„[˝ =Y◊Xb„VÃ[˝ \ˆG[˝ÁX„Eı AEı a]Ã^cÕ
◊XmÔS C mS› [˝_Á ◊[˝„Ã[˝ÁW˝ ÂVÁ„b V…◊bTˆ [˝SÔXÁ, Â^]X AEı Z«ı_ a«G◊µ˘ C Gµ˘c˜›X
c˜cÕ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ XÁ* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ Â[˝_ÁÃ^ TˆÁc˜Á FÁ‰ªRÙO XÁ* ◊Tˆ◊X m„SÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó
◊XmÔS, ÊªJÙrÙÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó ◊X‰∏JÙrÙ, Â^]X L]ÁªRÙO [˝Ã[˝„ZıÃ[˝ ªRÙÁEıÁ TˆÃ[˝_ L_* [˝«◊à˘]Á„XÃ[˝
mechanical Ã[˝÷_ EıÃ[˝Á Eı„∂ˆÇÔ C aÁW˝„EıÃ[˝ L›[˝‹ôˆ %Á±¡G◊PˆTˆ Eı„∂ˆÇÔC ÂacÕ
Y“„\ˆV*...
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Y“U] Yy aÁW˝ÁÃ[˝„SÃ[˝ L„XÓ ◊_◊F XÁcÕ, ◊_„F◊ªK˜_Á] ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ Y‰yÃ[˝ V«„ÃÊıªRÙO›

EıUÁÃ[˝ =w¯„Ã[˝* %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ EıÁ„LÃ[˝ Y„U %◊Tˆ %Á[˝`ÓEı Â\ˆ„[˝, [˝ÁÜÁ_›Ã[˝ ÂEıÁUÁÃ^
ÂVÁby”◊ªRÙO EıÁ^ÔÓ◊a◊à˘Ã[˝ [˝ÓÁHÁ„TˆÃ[˝ aêˆÁ[˝XÁ TˆÁÃ[˝cÕ a∂ëˆ„µ˘ Eı„ÃÊıªRÙO› ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ [˝ÓN˛
Eı„Ã[˝◊ªK˜_Á] ÂacÕ Y‰y* [˝ÁÜÁ_›Ã[˝ ÂEıÁX◊V„Eı %Á`Á, ÂEıÁUÁÃ^ TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ [˝_ l˘]TˆÁ
EıÁ^ÔÓ◊a◊à˘Ã[˝ aÁ]G–›, ◊Eı„a„Tˆ TˆÁÃ[˝ `◊N˛ ◊X◊c˜Tˆ, Âa aEı_ EıUÁ ◊_F[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÂEıÁX
Y“„Ã^ÁLX ◊ªK˜_ XÁ* Âa ◊ªK˜_ aEı„_Ã[˝ LÁXÁ EıUÁ, %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ =¨JÙÁ`ÁÃ[˝ ◊\ˆ◊w¯,
%Á]Á„VÃ[˝ Eı∂ˆÇÔ ÊY“Ã[˝SÁÃ[˝ Y“W˝ÁX ac˜ÁÃ^* [˝ÁÜÁ_›Ã[˝ LÁGÃ[˝S ]c˜√º¯ %„`b poten-
tiality =VÁÃ[˝ \ˆ◊[˝bÓd _cÕÃ^Á %Á]Ã[˝Á Â^ =¨JÙ W˝ÁÃ[˝SÁ C =¨JÙ %Á`Á ÂYÁbS Eı„wÔ¯
aÁcã Eı◊Ã[˝, [˝ÁÜÁ_ÁÃ[˝ \ˆ◊[˝bÓ„TˆÃ[˝ Â^ =#ù_ ◊ªJÙy ]„XÃ[˝ Y‰ªRÙO %◊·¯Tˆ c˜„Ã^ Ã[˝„Ã^‰ªK˜,
Âa ATˆ =¨JÙ AªTˆ =#ù_ Â^ Âa %TˆÓî Â_Á„EıÃ[˝ EıîXÁÃ^C %Á◊a„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝*
Âa %Á`Á ÂV`Á◊\ˆ]ÁX›Ã[˝ ◊]UÓÁ ÿëˆY¬ XÃ^, [˝Áÿôˆ[˝„Eı [˝›LÃ[˝÷Y ÂV„F \ˆÁ[˝› ]c˜d
[˝ „l˘Ã[˝ %ÁE ı◊Tˆ ◊XÃ[˝÷YS, actual„Eı ◊ªJÙ„X possible„Eı ÊªJÙXÁ ÂacÕ EıÁÃ[˝„ScÕ ...
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LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ ÂVÁb %\ˆÁ„[˝Ã[˝ a∂ëˆ„µ˘ ◊_„F◊ªK˜ ^Ác˜Á, TˆÁc˜Á ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ EıUÁÃ[˝ =w¯„Ã[˝
AEıªRÙO› ◊VEı ]Áy, ªK˜ÁÃ^ÁÃ[˝ ◊VEıªRÙO› ]„X EıÃ[˝ XÁ ^Á AcÕªRÙO› AcÕ ◊[˝b„Ã^ Â`b EıUÁ*
a[[˝ÔVÁ a„TˆÓÃ[˝ V«cÕ ◊VEı %Á‰ªK˜, ªK˜ÁÃ^ÁÃ[˝ ◊VEıªRÙO› ÂV◊F„Ã^ ◊V_Á], %Á„_ÁÃ[˝ ◊VEıªRÙO›
ÂVF„Tˆ c˜„[˝, TˆÁc˜ÁcÕ %Áa_* TˆÁc˜Á[Ã ˝cÕ =YÃ[˝ Â[˝`› ÂLÁÃ[˝ ÂVCÃ^Á \ˆÁ_* Negative Rª Ù›O
ÂVFÁ„Tˆ c˜Ã^, ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ÂVÁb %\ˆÁ[˝ Â]ÁªJÙX EıÃ[˝Á VÃ[˝EıÁÃ[˝ £◊à˘Ã[˝ L„XÓ, positive RÙO›
◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ◊a◊à˘Ã[˝ [˝›L, %Á±¡ÁÃ[˝ ]…_ capital, \ˆ◊[˝bÓ„Tˆ =~◊TˆÃ[˝ ]«FÓ =YÁÃ^*...
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]ÁÃ^Á[˝Á„VÃ[˝ EıUÁ ^FX %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ =◊PˆÃ^Á‰ªK˜, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ a∂ëˆ„µ˘ V«„ÃÊıªRÙO› ]«FÓ EıUÁ
◊[˝`V\ˆÁ„[˝ %Á„_ÁªJÙXÁ EıÃ[˝Á Y“„Ã^ÁLX Â[˝ÁW˝ Eı◊Ã[˝* aTˆÓ ◊Eı %aTˆÓ ◊Eı, ◊XTˆÓ
""Y“[˝wÔ¯Eı'' =„Å„`Ó ◊_◊FTˆ 415
%◊XTˆÓ, ad %ad cÕTˆÓÁ◊V V«Ã[˝÷c˜ VÁ`Ô◊XEı TÊÔı ªK˜Á◊QÕˆÃ^Á ◊V_Á]* %Áa_ EıUÁ
ac˜L =„Å`Ó _cÕÃ^Á, practical spiritual result, %ÁW˝ÓÁ◊≈±¡Eı ªJÙÃ[˝] ◊a◊à˘ C
LG#›[˝„XÃ[˝ a„Ü TˆÁc˜Á[Ã ˝ a∂ëˆµ˘ C Y◊Ã[˝SÁ]* %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ◊Eı ]„Tˆ[Ã ˝ ◊aà˘Á‹ôˆ ]„XÁX›Tˆ,
◊Eı \ˆÁ◊[˝, ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁÃ[˝ Y“SÁ_› C W˝Ã[˝S ÂGÏS EıUÁ, ◊Eı c˜cÕ TˆÁc˜ÁcÕ ]«FÓ* %ÁW˝ÓÁ◊≈±¡Eı
◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ %W˝ÓÁ±¡ ◊a◊à˘Ã[˝ ac˜ÁÃ^ [˝◊_Ã^Á %ÁVÃ[˝S›Ã^, \ˆÁ[˝Á c˜CÃ^ÁÃ[˝ =YÁÃ^ [˝◊_Ã^Á ]c˜d,
`◊N˛Ã[˝ AEıªRÙO› Y“W˝ÁX ^‹óˆ*
Y“[˝wÔ¯„Eı ]ÁÃ^Á[˝Á„VÃ[˝ ◊[˝Ã[˝”„à˘ %„XEı[˝ÁÃ[˝ Â_FÁ c˜Ã^, AcÕ Y^ÔÓ‹ôˆ Âa ÂGÏS\ˆÁ„[˝
c˜Ã^, ]ÁÃ^Á[˝ÁVY“a…Tˆ Eı„ÃÊıªRÙO› aÁW˝ÁÃ[˝S }Á◊‹ôˆ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ G‹ôˆ[˝Ó Y„U %‹ôˆÃ[˝ÁÃ^Ã[˝÷„Y
Y◊QÕˆÃ^Á %Á‰ªK˜, ÂacÕm◊_ %YaÁ◊Ã[˝Tˆ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ %◊\ˆY“Á„Ã^ Â]ÁªRÙOÁ]«◊ªRÙO Eı„ÃÊıªRÙO› EıUÁ*
AFX AEıLX Y“W˝ÁX a~ÓÁa› Y“ªJÙÁÃ[˝Eı AcÕ %Áy‘]„S l«˘ç˘ c˜cÕÃ^Á ÂacÕ VÁ`Ô◊XEı
£õı[˝Á„VÃ[˝ %ÁW˝«◊XEı AEıªRÙO› aÃ[˝a [Y“[˝µ˘] [˝Á◊c˜Ã[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X, AcÕ %[˝a„Ã[˝ AEıªR«ÙO
◊[˝ÿôˆÁ◊Ã[˝Tˆ\ˆÁ„[˝ %Áa_ EıUÁ [˝_Á Y“„Ã^ÁLX c˜cÕ_* %ÁÃ[˝ Y“U„] AcÕ EıUÁ %ÁV„[˝
=‰Pˆ ÂEıX, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ÈEı◊ZıÃ^d VÃ[˝EıÁÃ[˝* ]ÁÃ^Á[˝Á„VÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ATˆ ◊[˝T ˆb’Á
ÂEıX? [˝ÁV◊[˝[˝Á„VÃ[˝ ◊Eı Y“„Ã^ÁLX, Y“„TˆÓ„EıcÕ \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ ◊XEıªRÙO ◊X„LÃ[˝ ]„XÁX›Tˆ
Y„U ^ÁcÕ„_cÕ c˜Ã^, \ˆG[˝ÁX %X‹ôˆ, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ◊XEıªRÙO Yßg◊ªJÙ[˝ÁÃ[˝ YUC %X‹ôˆ* %[˝`ÓcÕ
[˝Ó◊N˛GTˆ %W˝ÓÁ±¡ ªJÙª¨JÙ¤ÁÃ[˝ ◊[˝b„Ã^ AcÕ ◊XÃ^] FÁ‰ªRÙO, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ AcÕ ◊[˝bÃ^ [˝Ó◊N˛GTˆ
aÁW˝XÁ _c˜^ÃO Á XÃ^, a]◊rÙ _c˜^ÃO Á* \ˆÁ[Ã ˝„Tˆ[Ã ˝ L›[˝X, LG„Tˆ[Ã ˝ L›[˝X _c˜^ÃO Á* ]ÁÃ^Á[˝ÁV
£W˝« aÁW˝XÁÃ^ AEıªRÙO› Y‹öˆÁ X„c˜, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ c˜ÁTˆ LGd„Eı G–Áa Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ Y“aÁ◊Ã[˝Tˆ*
TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Y“\ˆÁ„[˝Ã[˝ ªK˜ÁÃ^Á a]ÿôˆ L›[˝„XÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ ªK˜ÁcÕÃ^Á Y◊QÕˆÃ^Á‰ªK˜ --- ÂacÕ ªK˜ÁÃ^ÁÃ^
\ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝ L›[˝X £◊EıÃ^Á ◊GÃ^Á %ÁW˝]Ã[˝Á c˜cÕÃ^Á Y◊QÕˆÃ^Á Ã[˝◊c˜Ã^Á‰ªK˜* TˆÁc˜Á„Eı %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝
Y«XÃ[˝”#›◊[˝Tˆ [˝_[˝ÁX Y◊Ã[˝Y«rÙ a[[˝ÔÁÜa«≥VÃ[˝ EıÃ[˝Á Y“„Ã^ÁLX* ]ÁÃ^Á[˝Á„VÃ[˝ AEı]Áy
%Á◊W˝YTˆÓ \ˆÁ◊ÜÃ^Á ÂVCÃ^Á Y“„Ã^ÁLX*
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ÿëˆÁ]› a[[˝ÔÁX„≥VÃ[˝ aEı_ ^«◊N˛Ã[˝ =w¯Ã[˝ ÂVCÃ^ÁÃ[˝ Y“„Ã^ÁLX XÁcÕ* AcÕÃ[˝÷Y

[˝ÁV◊[˝[˝Á„V Â^ ◊[˝„`b ÂEıÁXC =YEıÁÃ[˝ c˜Ã^, ÂacÕ ◊[˝`üÁa %Á]ÁÃ[˝ XÁcÕ, %U[˝Á
ÂEıÁXC =YEıÁÃ[˝ ^◊VC c˜Ã^, Âa [˝«◊à˘Ã[˝ ªJÙT«ˆfa›]ÁXÁÃ^ ◊X[˝à˘* AcÕÃ[˝÷Y TÊÔı,
VÁ`Ô◊XEı ^«◊N˛Ã[˝ TÊÔı C EıUÁÃ[˝ EıÁªRÙOÁEıÁ◊ªRÙO„Tˆ [˝«◊à˘Ã[˝ a…©ø ◊[˝ªJÙÁ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ l˘]TˆÁ [˝ ◊à˘
c˜cÕ„TˆC YÁ„Ã[˝, %Á±¡ÁÃ[˝ ÿˆè…ı◊wÔ¯ ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ aÃ[˝a C Y…SÔ XÁ c˜cÕÃ^Á F[[˝Ô c˜Ã^, £EıÁcÕÃ^Á
^ÁÃ^* ^Ác˜Á [˝Áÿôˆ[˝, ^Ác˜Á Y“TˆÓl˘ TˆÁc˜Á _cÕÃ^ÁcÕ %Á±¡ÁÃ[˝ %X«\…ˆ◊TˆÃ[˝ L›[˝‹ôˆ ◊[˝ÿôˆÁÃ[˝
C =~◊Tˆ* TÛÁ◊Y ^FX EıUÁªRÙO› =◊PˆÃ^Á‰ªK˜, AcÕ aEı_ ^«◊N˛ Tˆ„EÔı AEı AEı
L„XÃ[˝ EgıÁªJÙÁ [˝«◊à˘ ◊[˝ªJÙ◊_Tˆ c˜cÕ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝, AcÕ a∂ëˆ„µ˘ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ^Á [˝◊_[˝ÁÃ[˝ [˝◊_Ã^Á
Â`b EıÃ[˝Á \ˆÁ_*
%Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ◊[˝`üÁa [˝«◊à˘Y“a…Tˆ V`Ô„X \ˆG[˝ÁX„Eı, %Á±¡Á„Eı YÁCÃ^Á ^ÁÃ^ [XÁ]*
V`Ô„XÃ[˝ %Á[˝`ÓEıTˆÁ %Á‰ªK˜ a„≥Vc˜ XÁcÕ, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ÂacÕ V`ÔX Eı_ÓÁSEıÃ[˝ Â^ Y“E ıTˆ
V`ÔX, V ◊rÙ, %X«\…ˆ◊Tˆ, intuitionA Y“◊Tˆ◊úˆTˆ* TÊÔı Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á Â^ ◊aà˘Á‹ôˆ %Á]ÁÃ[˝
]„XÁX›Tˆ TˆÁc˜ÁcÕ ÿöˆÁYX Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á AEı◊VEıV`fi aTˆÓ„Eı Y“◊TˆY~ EıÃ[˝Á, cÕc˜ÁcÕ [˝«◊à˘-
Y“a…Tˆ V`Ô„XÃ[˝ ◊XÃ^]...
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]ÁÃ^Á[˝Á„VÃ[˝ %Á◊W˝YTˆÓ, ]ÁÃ^Á[˝ÁVcÕ \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ %Á±¡ÁÃ[˝ AEı]Áy aTˆÓ p˚ÁX %XÓ

a[[˝Ô◊[˝W˝ V`ÔX C %ÁW˝ÓÁ◊≈±¡Eı %X«\…ˆ◊Tˆ Fâ¯ aTˆÓ [˝Á }Á◊‹ôˆ, AcÕ Â^ W˝ÁÃ[˝SÁ -
-- ^Ác˜Á èEı„Ã[˝Ã[˝ a]Ã^ c˜cÕ„Tˆ %ÁL Y^ÔÓ‹ôˆ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ [˝«◊à˘„Eı %Áy‘Á‹ôˆ C %◊\ˆ\…ˆTˆ
Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á Ã[˝◊c˜Ã^Á„ªK˜, Y“[˝wÔ¯„Eı TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ◊[˝Y„l˘ %„XEı[˝ÁÃ[˝ Â_FÁ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜* ÂacÕ◊VX
Y“[˝wÔ¯„Eı ÂacÕ %„UÔcÕ AEıªRÙO› l«˘V– Y“[˝µ˘ [˝Á◊c˜Ã[˝ c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜; ÂacÕ Y“[˝µ˘ %[˝`Ó G\ˆ›Ã[˝
a…©ø VÁ`Ô◊XEı Tˆ√º¯ Tˆ_ÁcÕÃ^Á X„c˜, Y“`¬Ã[˝ AEıªRÙO› ◊VEı ]Áy _cÕÃ^Á Â_FÁ* TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝cÕ
Y“◊Tˆ[˝Á„V ÿëˆÁ]› a[[˝ÔÁX≥V =„•ÁW˝„XÃ[˝ %ÁbÁ‰ªRÕÙÃ[˝ aeFÓÁÃ^ AEıªRÙO› V›HÔ Y“[˝µ˘ ◊_◊FÃ^Á
]ÁÃ^Á[˝ÁV„Eı a]UÔX Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X* VÁ`Ô◊XEı [˝ÁV◊[˝[˝Á„V %Á]Ã[˝Á Y“ÁÃ^cÕ a]Ã^ XrÙ
Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ ...* %◊X¨K«˜Eı* Y“U]Tˆf Y“[˝wÔ¯„EıÃ[˝ %ÁEıÁÃ[˝ l«˘V–, VÁ`Ô◊XEı [˝ÁG◊[˝Tˆâ¯ÁÃ[˝
Â`b XÁcÕ, a]ÓEı Ã[˝÷„Y AcÕ ^«◊N˛ CcÕ ^«◊N˛Ã[˝ ◊XÃ[˝aX Fâ¯X a]UÔX Y“◊TˆúˆÁ
Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ ^◊V c˜Ã^, %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ %Áa_ =„Å`Ó ◊aà˘ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ %[˝aÃ[˝ UÁEıÁ Eı◊PˆX*
]ÁÃ^Á[˝Á„VÃ[˝ a∂ëˆ„µ˘C %Á]Ã[˝Á £W˝« Eı„ÃÊıªRÙO› Â]ÁªRÙO EıUÁ [˝◊_Ã^Á a‹ô«ˆrÙ ◊ªK˜_Á] TˆÁc˜ÁC
ÂEı[˝_ AcÕ EıÁÃ[˝„S [˝◊_„Tˆ c˜cÕ_, Â^ %ÁW˝«◊XEı \ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝ ]„X CcÕ VÁ`Ô◊XEı ]„TˆÃ[˝
ªK˜ÁY, ]ÁÃ^Á[˝Á„VÃ[˝ AEıÁ◊W˝YTˆÓ Y…SÔ„^Á„GÃ[˝ Y“W˝ÁX %‹ôˆÃ[˝ÁÃ^ c˜cÕÃ^Á VÒÁQÕˆÁcÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜, ÂacÕ
a∂ëˆ„µ˘ V«„ÃÊıªRÙO› EıUÁ XÁ [˝_Á ªJÙ„_ XÁ* %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ =„Å`Ó ]ÁX«„bÃ[˝ a]ÿôˆ aw¯Á
LÁGÁcÕÃ^Á %ÁW˝ÓÁ◊≈±¡Eı p˚Á„X %Á„_Á◊EıTˆ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á %Á±¡ÁX«\…ˆ◊Tˆ„Tˆ \ˆ◊Ã[˝Ã^Á \ˆG[˝d-
◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁÃ^ ÂLÓÁ◊Tˆ∂ˆÇÔÃ^ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ]ÁX«„bÃ[˝ aEı_ [˝ ◊w¯ \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ aÁ^«„LÓ aÁ„_Á„EıÓ
aÁ]›„YÓ aÁW˝„∂ˆÇÔÓ \ˆG[˝VÀ\ˆÁ„[˝ Y“◊Tˆ◊úˆTˆ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ÂV`„Eı LGd„Eı ]X«bÓ L›[˝„XÃ[˝
* AcÕ ÿöˆ„_ AEı [˝Á AEıÁ◊W˝Eı `å Â_FÁÃ[˝ LXÓ YÁâ«¯◊_◊Y„Tˆ LÁÃ^GÁ ªK˜ÁQÕˆÁ ◊ªK˜_* ---a.
""Y“[˝wÔ¯Eı'' =„Å„`Ó ◊_◊FTˆ 417
Y“E ıTˆ =~◊Tˆ a+…SÔTˆÁ ae◊a◊à˘Ã[˝ ◊V„Eı Y“„SÁ◊VTˆ EıÃ[˝Á* ]ÁÃ^Á[˝ÁV ^◊V AEıÁ‹ôˆ
AEı]Áy aTˆÓ c˜Ã^, AcÕ ÊªJÙrÙÁ Yâ¯`“] ]Áy* AEıcÕ =YÁÃ^ UÁ„Eı, ÂEıÏY›X [˝Á
ÂGÃ[˝”Ã^Á [˝ÿóˆ Y◊Ã[˝Ã^Á %Ã[˝„SÓ Y[[˝Ô„Tˆ mc˜ÁÃ^ [˝Á ]‰Pˆ [˝◊aÃ^Á --- ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ]PˆÿöˆÁYXC
Â^ %p˚ÁX Â\ˆíı› ]ÁÃ^Á, TˆÁc˜Á \«ˆ◊_„Tˆ XÁcÕ --- _„Ã^Ã[˝, Â]Á„l˘Ã[˝ Tˆ›[˝– Y◊Ã[˝`“]*
^◊V AcÕ AEı]Áy aTˆÓ %„UÔ %Á]Ã[˝Á %a]UÔ, ^Tˆ◊VX aÁ]UÔÓ XÁ c˜Ã^ ]ÁÃ^ÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó
Ã[˝◊c˜Ã^ÁcÕ aEı_ V«fF Êzı` ÂV„`Ã[˝ VÁ◊Ã[˝V–Ó %[˝X◊Tˆ ]ÁUÁÃ^ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ÂEıÁXÃ[˝Eı]
[˝gÁ◊ªJÙÃ^Á UÁEıÁ %ÁÃ[˝ a[˝cÕ ]ÁÃ^Á LGd ◊]UÓÁ ÊªJÙrÙÁ ◊]UÓÁ AcÕ []‹óˆ] %ÁCQÕˆÁcÕ„Tˆ
%ÁCQÕˆÁcÕ„Tˆ CcÕ AEı]Áy aTˆÓ p˚ÁX„Eı %[˝ÁW˝Ó ]„X LÁG–Tˆ EıÃ[˝Á [˝«◊à˘]Á„XÃ[˝ Ê`“úˆ
Y‹öˆÁ*
aÁW˝XÁ◊[˝bÃÊı YyÁ[˝_›
[AcÕ Yym„_Á "X', "a' C "A'„Eı ◊_◊FTˆ* Ag„VÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó "X' C "a' ◊ªK˜„_X %Á`“„]Ã[˝
aÁ◊W˝EıÁ --- `“›]Á„Eı a„∂ëˆÁW˝X Eı„Ã[˝ [˝Áe_ÁÃ^ ◊ªJÙ◊Pˆ ◊_F„TˆX* `“›%Ã[˝◊[˝≥V Âaa[˝ ◊ªJÙ◊PˆÃ[˝ =w¯Ã[˝
◊V„TˆX* "A' ◊ªK˜_ V`][˝bfiÃ^Á [˝Á◊_EıÁ, Eı_EıÁTˆÁ c˜„Tˆ `“›%Ã[˝◊[˝≥V„Eı ◊ªJÙ◊Pˆ Â_FÁ £Ã[˝” Eı„Ã[˝X*]
""X''„Eı ◊_◊FTˆ
cÕc˜Á aTˆÓ XÃ^ Â^ ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝cÕ ◊[˝Ã[˝”à˘ `◊N˛ %Á‰ªK˜ --- ◊[˝Ã[˝”à˘ `◊N˛
[˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝, %Áy‘]S Eı„Ã[˝ ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ Y“„[˝` EıÃ[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÊªJÙrÙÁ Eı„Ã[˝ --- AcÕÃ[˝Eı] \ˆÃ^ C
=„•G„Eı ÿöˆÁX ◊V„Ã^Á XÁ*...
6.2.34
*
X: V«-◊TˆX ◊VX ^Á[˝d ÂVF◊ªK˜ Â^ %Á`“„]Ã[˝ ]„W˝Ó A[˝e %Á`“„]Ã[˝ %Á[˝c˜ÁCÃ^ÁÃ[˝

]„W˝Ó AEı◊ªRÙO FÁÃ[˝ÁY `◊N˛ C AEı◊ªRÙO \ˆÁ_ `◊N˛ A„a ÂHÁÃ[˝Á„ZıÃ[˝Á EıÃ[˝‰ªK˜* %Á]ÁÃ[˝
%X«\…ˆ◊Tˆ ◊Eı aTˆÓ?
=: Â^]X [˝◊c˜#¤G„Tˆ %Á`“„]C AcÕ V«cÕ `◊N˛ %ÁÃ[˝êˆ ÂU„Eı ◊[˝VÓ]ÁX %Á‰ªK˜*
%£à˘ `◊N˛„Eı LÃ^ Eı„Ã[˝ ◊a◊à˘_Á\ˆ Eı„wÔ¯ c˜„[˝*
6.2.34
*
X: ]Á, aEı„_ a[˝ a]Ã^ ÂTˆÁ]Á„Eı %X«\ˆ[˝ Eı„Ã[˝ W˝ÓÁX Eı„Ã[˝ `Á‹ôˆ \ˆÁ„[˝ ªJÙ_‰ªK˜*
%Á◊] ÂEıX a[˝ a]Ã^ ÂTˆÁ]Á„Eı c˜Á◊Ã[˝„Ã^ •≥•, ◊]UÓÁ `◊N˛ C ◊[˝Ã[˝”à˘ `◊N˛Ã[˝ [˝ÁW˝ÁÃ^
%Áy‘Á‹ôˆ c˜„Ã^ YQÕˆ_Á]?
=: ""aEı„_'' EıÁÃ[˝Á? V«„ÃÊıLX ªK˜ÁQÕˆÁ ÂEıc˜ `Á‹ôˆ\ˆÁ„[˝ ªJÙ„_ XÁ, aEı„_cÕ [˝ÁW˝Á
]W˝Ó ◊V„Ã^ ªJÙ_„Tˆ ªJÙ_„Tˆ Am‰¨K˜*
8.2.34
*
]„c˜`üÃ[˝›Ã[˝ VÁX `Á◊‹ôˆ a]TˆÁ ]«◊N˛Ã[˝ ◊[˝`Á_TˆÁ --- ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ AcÕ a„[˝Ã[˝ ◊[˝„`b
VÃ[˝EıÁÃ[˝ %Á‰ªK˜ [˝„_ ◊Tˆ◊X ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ %Á‚º˜Á„X ÂVFÁ ÂVX*
9.2.34
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aÁW˝XÁ◊[˝bÃÊı YyÁ[˝_› 419
TˆÁ„Tˆ \ˆ›Tˆ [˝Á ◊[˝ªJÙ◊_Tˆ c˜„Ã^Á XÁ, Â^ÁGY„UÃ[˝ ◊XÃ^] AcÕ, %Á„_Á %µ˘EıÁ„Ã[˝Ã[˝
%[˝ÿöˆÁ %◊Tˆy‘] Eı„Ã[˝ Â^„Tˆ c˜Ã^* %µ˘EıÁ„Ã[˝C `Á‹ôˆ c˜„Ã^ UÁEı*
9.2.34
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Persevere in this attitude of firmness and courage. AcÕ V ªRÕÙTˆÁ C

aÁc˜„aÃ[˝ \ˆÁ[˝„Eı a[˝ a]Ã^ W˝„Ã[˝ UÁEı*
9.2.34
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(Red Lotus) — The Divine Harmony.

(Blue Light) — The Higher Consciousness.
(Golden Temple) — The Temple of the Divine Truth.
◊ÿöˆÃ[˝ W˝›Ã[˝ c˜„Ã^ UÁEı, Tˆ„[˝ ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ [˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝C, ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ [˝◊c˜fY“E ı◊Tˆ„Tˆ, ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝
L›[˝„X %Á‰ÿôˆ %Á‰ÿôˆ AcÕ aEı_ Zı_„[˝*
12.2.34
*
[˝ÁW˝Á aEı„_Ã[˝ UÁ„Eı, %Á`“„] A]X aÁW˝Eı XÁcÕ ^ÁÃ[˝ [˝ÁW˝Á XÁcÕ* ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ ◊ÿöˆÃ[˝
c˜„Ã^ UÁEı, [˝ÁW˝ÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝ÓC aÁc˜Á^Ó YÁ„[˝, aTˆÓ ËªJÙTˆXÓ aEı_ ÿôˆ„Ã[˝ Z«ıªRÙO„[˝*
12.2.34
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a[˝ a]Ã^ ◊ÿöˆÃ[˝ c˜„Ã^ UÁEı --- ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ `◊N˛„Eı `Á‹ôˆ\ˆÁ„[˝ ÂQˆ„Eı a[˝ =„•G
ÊªK˜‰QÕˆ ◊V„Ã^*
13.2.34
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Y“◊Tˆl˘S [˝ÁW˝ÁÃ[˝ EıUÁ, %Á◊] FÁÃ[˝ÁY %Á◊] FÁÃ[˝ÁY cÕTˆÓÁ◊V EıUÁ ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ Eı„Ã[˝
Eı„Ã[˝ ªJÙ_Á c˜‰¨K˜ ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ Y“W˝ÁX %‹ôˆÃ[˝ÁÃ^* `Á‹ôˆ \ˆÁ„[˝ ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ =YÃ[˝ ◊X\ˆ¤Ã[˝ Eı„Ã[˝,
◊ÿöˆÃ[˝ \ˆÁ„[˝ aÁW˝ÁÃ[˝S Y“E ı◊Tˆ„Eı Y“TˆÓÁFÓÁX Eı„Ã[˝, %Á‰ÿôˆ %Á‰ÿôˆ LÃ^ EıÃ[˝Á --- AcÕ
c˜‰¨K˜ AEı ]Áy Y◊Ã[˝[˝wÔ¯„XÃ[˝ =YÁÃ^*
23.2.34
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AªRÙOÁ ◊Eı ]ÿôˆ [˝QÕˆ %c˜eEıÁÃ[˝ XÃ^, Â^ ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝cÕ L„XÓ ATˆ EıÁâ¯ c˜„Ã^‰ªK˜? %Á◊]
F«[˝ \ˆÁ_, F«[˝ `◊N˛]ÁX, %Á]ÁÃ[˝ •ÁÃ[˝ÁcÕ a[˝ c˜‰¨K˜, %Á]Á ªK˜ÁQÕˆÁ ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ EıÁL
ªJÙ_„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ XÁ, A Tˆ AEı Ã[˝Eı] %c˜eEıÁÃ[˝* %Á◊] FÁÃ[˝Á„YÃ[˝ ÊªJÙ„Ã^ FÁÃ[˝ÁY,
%Á]ÁÃ[˝cÕ [˝ÁW˝ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ a[˝ [˝µ˘ c˜„Ã^‰ªK˜, \ˆG[˝ÁX TgˆÁÃ[˝ EıÁL ªJÙÁ_Á„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝X XÁ,
AcÕ %ÁÃ[˝ AEıÃ[˝Eı] =‰∑ªRÙOÁ %c˜eEıÁÃ[˝*...
23.2.34
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cÕc˜Á c˜‰¨K˜ ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ]X, %ÁÃ[˝ ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ]„XÃ[˝ Â^ÁG ---
EıYÁ„_ CcÕ ]„XÃ[˝ centre ---- Âa Â^ÁG ^FX c˜Ã^, TˆFX ÂacÕ ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ]„X
\ˆÁG[˝Tˆ a„TˆÓÃ[˝ ◊V„Eı AEıªRÙOÁ %ÁEıbÔS c˜Ã^ %ÁÃ[˝ Âa =Pˆ„Tˆ %ÁÃ[˝êˆ Eı„Ã[˝*
26.2.34
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AªRÙOÁcÕ ◊PÊı Y‹öˆÁ* a[˝ a]Ã^ \ˆÁ_ %[˝ÿöˆÁ, a[˝ a]Ã^ ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ V`ÔX
Ê`“úˆ aÁW˝„EıÃ[˝C c˜Ã^ XÁ --- Âa c˜„[˝ aÁW˝XÁÃ[˝ YÁEıÁ %[˝ÿöˆÁÃ^, ◊a◊à˘Ã[˝ %[˝ÿöˆÁÃ^*
aEı„_Ã[˝ c˜^Ã ]Á„Mı ]Á„Mı \ˆ[Ã ˝Á %[˝ÿˆö Á %ÁÃ[˝ ]Á„Mı ]Á„Mı `…XÓ %[˝ÿˆö Á* `…XÓ %[˝ÿˆö Á^Ã C
`Á‹ôˆ c˜„Ã^ UÁEıÁ =◊ªJÙTˆ*
26.2.34
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%[˝`ÓcÕ %X«\ˆ[˝ªRÙO› aTˆÓ --- Ã[˝ÁF„Tˆ c˜„[˝, %U[˝Á [˝ÁÃ[˝ [˝ÁÃ[˝ repeat EıÃ[˝„Tˆ
c˜„[˝* %ÁÃ[˝ ◊[˝YÃ[˝›Tˆ %X«\ˆ[˝ [˝Á [˝ÁW˝Á [˝Á `…XÓ %[˝ÿöˆÁ A„_ =Tˆ_Á XÁ c˜„Ã^ `Á‹ôˆ
c˜„Ã^ \ˆÁ_ %X«\ˆ„[˝Ã[˝ %„Yl˘Á EıÃ[˝Á =◊ªJÙTˆ*
26.2.34
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X: EıÁ_ Ã[˝Á‰y ÿëˆY¬ ÂVF_Á] Â^ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ]X Y“ÁS Y“E ı◊TˆcÕ %Á]Á„Eı ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝

Y„U ªJÙ_„Tˆ aÁc˜Á^Ó EıÃ[˝‰ªK˜* cÕc˜Á ◊Eı ÂEıÁX ◊VX aTˆÓ c˜„[˝?
=: %ÁL ÂU„EıC TˆÁÃ[˝Á aÁc˜Á^Ó Eı„wÔ¯ YÁ„Ã[˝ ^◊V T«ˆ◊] `Á‹ôˆ C ◊ÿöˆÃ[˝ c˜„Ã^
UÁEı* ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ AcÕ W˝ÁÃ[˝SÁ \«ˆ_ Â^ ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ ]XY“Á„SÃ[˝ a]ÿôˆ Y“E ı◊Tˆ Â^Á„GÃ[˝
◊[˝„Ã[˝ÁW˝›*
26.2.34
*
...TˆYaÓÁÃ[˝ %◊G¬ Lù‰{ Eı+ %ÁÃ[˝ ]ÁUÁÃ^ AEıªRÙO› %aÁW˝ÁÃ[˝S %[˝ÿöˆÁ %„X„EıÃ[˝
c˜Ã^* ◊ÿöˆÃ[˝ c˜„Ã^ UÁEı„_ Âa %ÁÃ[˝ ◊ªªRÙO„Eı XÁ, a[˝ `Á‹ôˆ c˜„Ã^ ^ÁÃ^*
26.2.34
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X: EıÁ_ Ã[˝Á◊≈y c˜„Tˆ ]ÁUÁÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ AEıªRÙOÁ F«[˝ `Á‹ôˆ C G\ˆ›Ã[˝ ◊L◊Xb %X«\ˆ[˝
EıÃ[˝◊ªK˜* EıFXC TˆÁ ◊[˝ÿô ˆTˆ c˜„Ã^ a]ÿôˆ %ÁW˝Á„Ã[˝ ªK˜◊QÕˆ„Ã^ Y‰QÕˆ, EıFXC-[˝Á c˜÷V„Ã^
C ]„XÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó ÂX„] ◊EıªK«˜l˘S UÁ„Eı*
=: cÕc˜Á F«[˝ \ˆÁ_* AcÕªRÙO› c˜‰¨K˜ %Áa_ %X«\…ˆ◊Tˆ* AcÕ `Á◊‹ôˆ ^FX a]ÿôˆ
%ÁW˝Á„Ã[˝ [˝ÓÁä c˜„Ã^ ^ÁÃ^ %ÁÃ[˝ V ªRÕÙ ◊X„Ã[˝ªRÙO ÿöˆÁÃ^› c˜Ã^ TˆFXcÕ \ˆÁG[˝Tˆ ÊªJÙTˆXÁÃ[˝ Y“U]
◊\ˆ◊w¯ ÿöˆÁ◊YTˆ c˜Ã^*
27.2.34
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cÕc˜Á EıÃ[˝Á aEı„_Ã[˝ Y„l˘ Eı◊PˆX* `Á◊‹ôˆ aTˆÓ cÕTˆÓÁ◊V %Á„G ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ ÿöˆÁ◊YTˆ
c˜Ã^, TˆÁÃ[˝Y„Ã[˝ [˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝ EıÁ„^ÔÓ Y◊Ã[˝STˆ c˜Ã^*
28.2.34
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`…XÓ %[˝ÿöˆÁ„Eı \ˆÃ^ EıÃ[˝„Tˆ ÂXcÕ* `…XÓ %[˝ÿöˆÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝ÓcÕ \ˆÁG[˝Tˆ `◊N˛ ÂX„]
%Á„a* ]Á ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó a[[˝ÔVÁcÕ %Á‰ªK˜X --- Tˆ„[˝ `Á◊‹ôˆ `◊N˛ %Á„_Á ◊X„LÃ[˝
]„W˝Ó ÿöˆÁ◊YTˆ XÁ c˜„_ Âa a[˝a]Ã^ Â[˝ÁMıÁ ^ÁÃ^ XÁ*
28.2.34
*
Â^ ÂTˆÁ]Á„Eı QˆÁEı_, Âa ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ ]Á XÃ^* AcÕ aEı_ %◊\ˆp˚TˆÁÃ^ YÁ◊UÔ[˝

]ÁTˆÁ c˜‰¨K˜ YÁ◊UÔ[˝ Y“E ı◊Tˆ, aÁW˝ÁÃ[˝S [˝◊c˜fY“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝ Y“Tˆ›Eı ]Áy*
Feb. 1934
*
a[˝ [˝ÁW˝Á Tˆ ◊[˝„Ã[˝ÁW˝› `◊N˛Ã[˝ a ◊rÙ XÃ^ --- aÁW˝ÁÃ[˝S %£à˘ Y“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝cÕ a ◊rÙ,
^Á aEı„_Ã[˝ ]„W˝Ó %Á‰ªK˜*
Feb. 1934
*
TˆYaÓÁ £W˝« AcÕ, ◊ÿöˆÃ[˝ UÁEıÁ, ]Á„Eı QˆÁEıÁ, F«[˝ `Á‹ôˆ V ªRÕÙ\ˆÁ„[˝ %`Á◊‹ôˆ„Eı,
◊XÃ[˝Á`Á„Eı, EıÁ]XÁ-[˝ÁaXÁ„Eı Y“TˆÓÁFÓÁX EıÃ[˝Á*
Feb. 1934
*
%Á`“„] Â^ %a«F Â[˝QÕˆÁ‰¨K˜ A„Eı C„Eı W˝„Ã[˝, Am„_Á TˆÁÃ[˝cÕ _l˘S --- ◊ÿöˆÃ[˝
UÁEı„_ AcÕm„_Á &`Ô Eı„Ã[˝cÕ ªJÙ„_ ^ÁÃ^*
Feb. 1934
*
X: ÂEıÁX ÂEıÁX a]Ã^ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó A]X AEı◊ªRÙO `◊N˛ C ÂTˆL %Á„a Â^
TˆFX ]„X c˜Ã^ %Á]Á„Eı ÂEıÁX ◊]UÓÁÃ[˝ `◊N˛ &`Ô EıÃ[˝„Tˆ YÁÃ[˝„[˝ XÁ*
=: cg˜ÓÁ, AcÕÃ[˝÷Y `◊N˛ %ÁW˝Á„Ã[˝ a[˝ a]Ã^ UÁEı„_, aÁW˝XÁ %„XEıªRÙOÁ ac˜L
c˜„Ã^ ^ÁÃ^ --- ^◊V TˆÁ„Tˆ %c˜eEıÁÃ[˝ XÁ %Á„a*
Feb. 1934
*
[˝ÁW˝Á aEı„_Ã[˝ c˜Ã^ --- ^ÁÃ[˝Á EıÁL Eı„Ã[˝ XÁ, TˆÁ„VÃ[˝C ◊[˝„`b ÂLÁ„Ã[˝ [˝ÁW˝Á
%Á„a*
1.3.34
*
X: W˝ÓÁ„X [˝a„_ %Á„GÃ[˝ ]Tˆ G\ˆ›„Ã[˝ C a]Á◊W˝Ã[˝ ]„W˝Ó Â^„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝ XÁ ÂEıX
]Á?
=: ÂEıX c˜Ã^ [˝„_◊ªK˜ --- Â^ÁG`◊N˛Ã[˝ ÂLÁÃ[˝ AFX Y“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝ Ã[˝÷YÁ‹ôˆÃ[˝, `Á◊‹ôˆÃ[˝
C >àù˘Ô ÎJª ÙTˆ„XÓÃ[˝ %[˝Tˆ[Ã ˝S C Y“◊TˆúˆÁ[Ã ˝ =YÃ[˝ Â[˝`› Y‰QÕˆ‰Kª ˜, G\ˆ›[Ã ˝ W˝ÓÁ„XÃ[˝ %◊\ˆp˚TˆÁ[Ã ˝
=YÃ[˝ TˆTˆ XÁ --- %Á„G Â^]X c˜„Ã^◊ªK˜_*
1.3.34
*
X: %ÁL ÂVF_Á], ]…_ÁW˝Á„Ã[˝Ã[˝ a„Ü ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ ÊªJÙTˆXÁÃ[˝ a„Ü AEıFÁXÁ ÿëˆSÔV◊QÕˆÃ[˝

a∂ëˆµ˘ c˜„Ã^‰ªK˜*
=: AÃ[˝ %UÔ --- ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ ÊªJÙTˆXÁÃ[˝ aÁ„U ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ physical Y“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝ AEıªRÙO›
a∂ëˆµ˘ ÿöˆÁ◊YTˆ c˜„Ã^‰ªK˜ --- ÂaÁXÁÃ[˝ V◊QÕˆ Â^ a∂ëˆ„µ˘Ã[˝ ◊ªJÙc˜‘*
2.3.34
*
X: ...%Á]ÁÃ[˝ AEıªªR«ÙO ]X]Ã[˝Á £õı\ˆÁ[˝ A„a‰ªK˜* %ÁÃ[˝ ]XY“ÁS-‰ªJÙTˆXÁ ÂV◊F

%Á]Á„Eı TˆÓÁG Eı„Ã[˝ V«◊VX W˝„Ã[˝ [˝ÁcÕ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ◊L◊X„bÃ[˝ aÁ„U, ÊªJÙTˆXÁÃ[˝ aÁ„U ^«N˛
c˜„Ã^ H«„Ã[˝ Â[˝QÕˆÁ‰¨K˜* ÂEı]X Â^X ÂTˆÁ]Á„Eı c˜ÁÃ[˝Á„Ã^ `…XÓ ◊X#¤XTˆÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó Y‰QÕˆ
%Á◊ªK˜*
=: ^◊V TˆÁcÕ c˜Ã^, TˆÁc˜„_ TˆÁÃ[˝ %UÔ AcÕ Â^ ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ aw¯Á EıTÊıªRÙOÁ
ÿëˆTˆ‹óˆ C ]«N˛ c˜„Ã^ ÂG‰ªK˜ --- [˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝Ã[˝ aw¯ÁcÕ [˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ◊L◊X„bÃ[˝ a„Ü ^«N˛
c˜„Ã^ ^ÁÃ^* ÂacÕ [˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝Ã[˝ aw¯Á„EıC %Á„_Á◊EıTˆ C ]«N˛ EıÃ[˝Á Y“„Ã^ÁLX*
3.3.34
*
aÁVÁ ÂGÁ_ÁY ]Á„Ã^[Ã ˝ EıÁ‰ªK˜ ÊY“]]Ã^ %Á±¡a]YÔS, TˆÁ[Ã ˝ Zı_ a„TˆÓ[Ã ˝ %Á„_Á„Eı[Ã ˝
◊[˝ÿôˆÁÃ[˝ %ÁW˝Á„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ]„W˝Ó* aÁVÁ Y≤ø = ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ ÊªJÙTˆXÁ Y“ÿˆè«ı◊ªRÙOTˆ ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ ]ÁXa
ÿôˆ„Ã[˝* Eı]_Á„_[˝«Ã[˝ Ã[˝e„Ã^Ã[˝ ]Tˆ %Á„_Á (red-gold) = ÂV„c˜Ã[˝ ]„W˝Ó YÃ[˝] a„TˆÓÃ[˝
V›◊ä (Supramental in physical)*
5.3.34
*
a„TˆÓ[Ã ˝ ÂaÁLÁ YU ÂFÁ_Á %ÁW˝Á„Ã[˝* ^Á a]YÔS Eı[Ã ˝Á c˜^Ã ÂacÕ %[˝ÿˆö Á^Ã %ÁW˝Á„Ã[˝,
ac˜L aÃ[˝_\ˆÁ„[˝ =Y„Ã[˝ ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ EıÁ‰ªK˜ ◊G„Ã^ a„TˆÓÃ[˝ a„Ü ◊]◊_Tˆ c˜Ã^, aTˆÓ]Ã^
c˜„Ã^ ^ÁÃ^*
5.3.34
*
X: ]Á, ÂVF_Á] Â^ overmind-AÃ[˝ >„àùÔ˘ AEı infinite LGd* Âa LG„Tˆ

ÂVF_Á] ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ ]Tˆ EıTÊım◊_ [˝Á◊_EıÁ ÂF_Á EıÃ[˝‰ªK˜* ◊EıªªK«˜l˘S Y„Ã[˝ ÂVF_Á]
ÂaFÁX c˜„Tˆ V«◊ªRÙO [˝Á◊_EıÁ %Á]Á„Eı QˆÁEı„Tˆ QˆÁEı„Tˆ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ◊V„Eı ÂX„] %Áa_*
]Á, [˝Á◊_EıÁm◊_ ÂEı?
=: a„TˆÓÃ[˝ LGd, ÂacÕ LG„TˆÃ[˝ V«cÕ `◊N˛ ÂX„]◊ªK˜_ QˆÁEı„Tˆ --- a„TˆÓÃ[˝
◊V„Eı =Pˆ[˝ÁÃ[˝ L„XÓ*
5.3.34
*
X: =YÃ[˝ c˜„Tˆ AEı◊ªRÙO F«[˝ [˝QÕˆ ªJÙ„y‘Ã[˝ ]Tˆ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ]ÁUÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó ÂX„]‰ªK˜*
...%ÁÃ[˝ TˆÁÃ[˝ Y“\ˆÁ[˝ ÂV◊F AEıªªR«ÙO AEıªªR«ÙO Eı„Ã[˝ a]ÿôˆ ÿôˆ„Ã[˝ ◊[˝ÿô ˆTˆ c˜‰¨K˜*
=: ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ `◊N˛Ã[˝ AEıªRÙO› ◊y‘Ã^Á* Â^ >àùÔ˘ ÊªJÙTˆXÁ c˜‰ªTˆ ]ÁUÁÃ^ (]X„l˘‰y)
ÂX„] a]ÿôˆ %ÁW˝Á„Ã[˝ EıÁL EıÃ[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ L„XÓ ◊[˝ÿô ˆTˆ c˜‰¨K˜*
7.3.34
*
X: %Á±¡ÁÃ[˝ G\ˆ›Ã[˝ Y“„V„` AEıFÁXÁ G\ˆ›Ã[˝Tˆ] LGd %Á‰ªK˜* AcÕ LG„TˆÃ[˝

]„W˝Ó ◊V„Ã^ ÂVF_Á] AEıFÁXÁ ÂaÁLÁ Ã[˝ÁÿôˆÁÃ[˝ ]Tˆ ◊Eı [˝ß >„àùÔ˘Ã[˝ ◊V„Eı =‰Pˆ
ÂG‰ªK˜*
=: %UÔ --- ÂaFÁ„X YÃ[˝] a„TˆÓÃ[˝ a„Ü AEıªRÙO› a∂ëˆµ˘ a rÙ c˜„Ã^‰ªK˜*
7.3.34
*
X: XÁ◊\ˆÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ c˜„Tˆ ÂV◊F aÁ„YÃ[˝ ]Tˆ %Á„_Á◊EıTˆ AEıªªRÙOÁ ◊Eı ÂX‰ªJÙ ÂX‰ªJÙ
H«„Ã[˝ H«„Ã[˝ >„àùÔ˘Ã[˝ ◊V„Eı =‰Pˆ ^Á‰¨K˜*

=: Âa c˜‰¨K˜ Y“ÁS C ÂV„c˜Ã[˝ `◊N˛ >àùÔ˘ a„TˆÓÃ[˝ a„Ü ◊]◊_Tˆ c˜[˝ÁÃ[˝ L„XÓ
=‰Pˆ ^Á‰¨K˜*
7.3.34
*
X: ]Á, ^TˆcÕ ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ `◊N˛Ã[˝ `Á‹ôˆ ªJÙÁY YQÕˆ‰ªK˜, TˆTˆcÕ ÂV◊F ]ÁUÁ EıÁ]QÕˆÁ‰ªK˜*
=: Physical mind F«‰{ ÂaÃ[˝Eı] ]ÁUÁ EıÁ]QÕˆÁX %ÁÃ[˝ c˜„[˝ XÁ*
7.3.34
*
X: ]Á, Â\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ Ââ[˝ a«≥VÃ[˝ %X«\…ˆ◊Tˆ c˜Ã^, TˆÁ„Tˆ ]„X Eı◊Ã[˝ Â^ A[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÂU„Eı
%Á◊] AcÕÃ[˝Eı] a«≥VÃ[˝\ˆÁ„[˝cÕ a[˝a]Ã^ UÁEı[˝* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ [˝◊c˜fY“E ı◊Tˆ„Tˆ C ÊªJÙTˆXÁÃ^
%Áa„_ a[˝ ªJÙ„_ ^ÁÃ^ ÂEıX? ÂTˆÁ]Á„Eı %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÿˆÇÃ[˝S EıÃ[˝„Tˆ _ÁG„_ A[˝e %‹ôˆ„Ã[˝Ã[˝
◊V„Eı V ◊rÙ ÂZıÃ[˝Á„_ ÂacÕ %X«\…ˆ◊Tˆm„_Á ◊Zı„Ã[˝ %Á„a*
=: CcÕ Ã[˝Eı]cÕ c˜Ã^* ^◊V ÿˆÇÃ[˝S Eı„Ã[˝ a«≥VÃ[˝ %[˝ÿöˆÁ %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÂVF„Tˆ C %X«\ˆ[˝
EıÃ[˝„Tˆ YÁÃ[˝, cÕc˜Á =~◊TˆÃ[˝ _l˘S* [˝◊c˜fY“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝ ◊[˝YÃ[˝›Tˆ \ˆÁ„[˝Ã[˝ ÂLÁÃ[˝ Eı„]
^Á‰¨K˜ Â[˝ÁW˝ c˜Ã^*
9.3.34
*
X: EıTÊım◊_ ÊªK˜ÁªRÙO ÊªK˜ÁªRÙO [˝Á◊_EıÁÃ[˝ ]Tˆ EıÁÃ[˝Á EıÃ[˝”S C ]W˝«Ã[˝ a«„Ã[˝ £W˝«
ÂTˆÁ]Á„Eı QˆÁEı‰ªK˜, ""]Á, %Á]Ã[˝Á ÂTˆÁ]Á„Eı ªJÙÁcÕ, %Á]Á„VÃ[˝„Eı ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ Eı„Ã[˝ XÁC''*
%Á◊] TˆÁ„VÃ[˝„Eı ÂVF„Tˆ YÁ◊¨K˜ XÁ* AÃ[˝Á ◊Eı aTˆÓ? AÃ[˝Á ÂEı, ]Á?
=: cg˜ÓÁ, aTˆÓ* [˝Á◊_EıÁÃ[˝Á c˜Ã^ T«ˆ◊] ◊X„L XÁXÁ ÿôˆ„Ã[˝ XÃ^ ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ ÊªJÙTˆXÁÃ[˝
Eı„ÃÊıªRÙO› `◊N˛ (Energies)*
9.3.34
*
p˚ÁX %„XEı Ã[˝Eı] %Á‰ªK˜ --- ÊªJÙTˆXÁ Â^]X, p˚ÁXC ÂTˆ]X* >àùÔ˘ ÊªJÙTˆXÁÃ[˝
p˚ÁX aTˆÓ C Y◊Ã[˝õıÁÃ[˝ --- ◊X∂oˆ ÊªJÙTˆXÁÃ[˝ p˚Á„X aTˆÓ◊]UÓÁ ◊]◊`“Tˆ, %Y◊Ã[˝õıÁÃ[˝*
[˝«◊à˘Ã[˝ p˚ÁX AEı Ã[˝Eı], supramental ÊªJÙTˆXÁÃ[˝ p˚ÁX %ÁÃ[˝ AEı Ã[˝Eı], [˝«◊à˘Ã[˝
%Tˆ›Tˆ* `Á‹ôˆ p˚ÁX >àù˘Ô‰ªJÙTˆXÁÃ[˝*
12.3.34
*
X: ]Á, ÂTˆÁ]Á„Eı %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó %X«\ˆ[˝ EıÃ[˝„_ Â^X %Á◊]±ºˆ \«ˆ„_ ^ÁcÕ* %Á]ÁÃ[˝
ÊªJÙTˆXÁ, cÕ¨K˜Á, %X«\…ˆ◊Tˆ A[˝e a]ÿôˆ %e` EıÁ„Ã[˝Á ^‹óˆ ◊cãÁ„[˝ ªJÙÁ◊_Tˆ c˜Ã^* ◊EıªK«˜l˘S
Y„Ã[˝ TˆÁ c˜Á◊Ã[˝„Ã^ ÂZı◊_*
=: AcÕÃ[˝÷Y %X«\…ˆ◊TˆC >àù˘Ô‰ªJÙTˆXÁÃ[˝* Âa ÊªJÙTˆXÁ ^FX ]X Y“ÁS ÂV„c˜ XÁ„],
TˆFX LÁG–„Tˆ AcÕÃ[˝÷Y c˜Ã^*
12.3.34
*
X: %Á◊] ÂVF_Á] AEıªRÙOÁ F«[˝ a«≥VÃ[˝ ÊªK˜ÁªRÙO GÁªK˜, TˆÁÃ[˝ YÁTˆÁÃ[˝ Ã[˝I¯ ªJgÙÁ„VÃ[˝
%Á„_ÁÃ[˝ ]Tˆ =#ù_ A[˝e aÁVÁ* GÁªK˜◊ªRÙO y‘]` [˝QÕˆ C =#ù_ c˜„Ã^ ◊X„L„Eı
\ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ ◊V„Eı F«_‰ªK˜* %ÁÃ[˝ ÂVF_Á] AEı◊ª Rª ÙO `Á‹ôˆ C Y◊Ã[˝õıÁ[Ã ˝ a]«V– ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ ◊V„Eı
[˝„^Ã ^Á‰¨K˜, %ÁÃ[˝ %Á◊] ^Á a]YÔS Eı[Ã ˝◊Kª ˜ TˆÁ AcÕ a]«‰V–[Ã ˝ aÁ„U ◊]„` ^Á‰¨K˜*
=: GÁªK˜ªRÙO› %ÁW˝ÓÁ◊≈±¡EıTˆÁÃ[˝ [˝ ◊à˘ ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó --- a]«V– ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ vital.
12.3.34
*
X: ◊[˝p˚Á„XÃ[˝ %Á„_Á (Supramental light) ◊Eı Eı]_Á„_[˝«Ã[˝ Ã[˝„I¯Ã[˝ ]Tˆ

%Á„_Á?
=: cg˜ÓÁ, ◊PÊı %Á◊V Supramental light XÃ^, Tˆ„[˝ Âa %Á„_Á ^FX
physicalA XÁ„], TˆFX B Ã[˝I¯„Eı W˝ÁÃ[˝S Eı„Ã[˝*
12.3.34
*
cÕc˜Á F«[˝ \ˆÁ_* AcÕÃ[˝÷Y aTˆÓ◊]UÓÁ„Eı ÿëˆTˆ‹óˆ c˜CÃ^Á psychic aw¯ÁÃ[˝ LÁG–Tˆ
\ˆÁ„[˝[Ã ˝ _l˘S* Psychic discrimination, ËªJÙTˆÓ Y«[Ã ˝”„bÃ[˝ ◊[˝„[˝„Eı[Ã ˝ •ÁÃ[˝Á Ac˜[ÃO ˝÷Y
ÿëˆTˆ‹óˆ c˜„Ã^ Y‰QÕˆ*
14.3.34
*
aÁW˝Eı-aÁ◊W˝EıÁ[Ã ˝ EıUÁ Â[˝`› \ˆÁ[˝„Tˆ XÁcÕ --- TˆÁ„Tˆ ]X ac˜„L aÁW˝Á[Ã ˝S [˝Á◊c˜„[Ã ˝[Ã ˝
ÊªJÙTˆXÁÃ^ ÂX„] ^ÁÃ^ --- AcÕ a[˝ ]Á„Eı a]YÔS Eı„Ã[˝, ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ =YÃ[˝ ◊X\ˆ¤Ã[˝ Eı„Ã[˝
◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ [˝Áa EıÃ[˝„Tˆ c˜Ã^*
16.3.34
*
X: AEıªRÙO› ÊªK˜ÁªRÙO [˝Á◊_EıÁ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ aÁ„U aÁ„U Â^X %Á‰ªK˜ C Â[˝QÕˆÁ‰¨K˜* TˆÁÃ[˝
Y“\ˆÁ[˝ ^FX [˝◊c˜faw¯ÁÃ^, [˝◊c˜faw¯Á c˜„Tˆ ◊Eı Â^X ÂTˆÁ]Á„Eı YÁCÃ^ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ aspire
Eı„Ã[˝*
=: [˝Á◊_EıÁªRÙO› Â[˝ÁW˝ c˜Ã^ ◊X„LÃ[˝ psychic being --- ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ %e`*
17.3.34
*
AcÕ a[˝ ◊[˝_ÁY C %Á±¡G¿Á◊XÃ[˝ EıUÁ Â_FÁÃ^ ◊[˝„`b ◊EıªK«˜ =YEıÁÃ[˝ c˜„[˝ XÁ*
`Á‹ôˆ\ˆÁ„[˝ ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ =YÃ[˝ ◊X\ˆ¤Ã[˝ Eı„Ã[˝ ªJÙ_„Tˆ c˜Ã^* ^◊V [˝ÁW˝Á %Á„a, TˆÁ `Á‹ôˆ\ˆÁ„[˝
aÁW˝XÁ Eı„Ã[˝, ]Á„Eı ÂQˆ„Eı ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ `◊N˛„Tˆ %◊Tˆy‘] EıÃ[˝„Tˆ c˜Ã^* ^◊V ◊X„LÃ[˝
◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ Y“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝ ÂEıÁX y”◊ªRÙO [˝Á wrong movement ÂVF TˆÁc˜„_C ◊[˝ªJÙ◊_Tˆ
ªJÙá˚_ V«f◊FTˆ c˜„Ã^ ÂEıÁX _Á\ˆ ÂXcÕ --- ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ E ıYÁÃ^, aÁW˝XÁÃ[˝ =~◊Tˆ„Tˆ %Y-
aÁ◊Ã[˝Tˆ c˜„[˝ [˝„_ AcÕ `Á‹ôˆ ◊[˝`üÁa ÂÃ[˝„F ◊X„L„Eı =Y„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ◊V„Eı F«_„Tˆ c˜„[˝*
Â^ÁG◊a◊à˘ [˝Á Ã[˝÷YÁ‹ôˆÃ[˝ AEı◊V„X [˝Á %î◊V„X c˜Ã^ XÁ* W˝›Ã[˝ `Á‹ôˆ c˜„Ã^ Y„U ªJÙ_„Tˆ
c˜Ã^*
17.3.34
*
X: ]Á„Mı ]Á„Mı ÂVFª◊Kª ˜ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ◊\ˆTˆ„[Ã ˝[Ã ˝ G\ˆ›[Ã ˝ ÿôˆ[Ã ˝ c˜„Tˆ F«[˝ a«≥VÃ[˝ %Á„_ÁEı]Ã^
Y◊[˝y `Á‹ôˆ ◊L◊Xb AEı◊ªRÙO Z«ı„_Ã[˝ ]Tˆ c˜„Ã^ ÂTˆÁ]Á„Eı %Á‚º˜ÁX EıÃ[˝„Tˆ =Y„Ã[˝Ã[˝
◊V„Eı =‰Pˆ* ◊EıªK«˜V…Ã[˝ =Pˆ„_ ÂV◊F =YÃ[˝ c˜„Tˆ XÁXÁ Ã[˝Eı„]Ã[˝ ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ ◊L◊Xb ÂX„]
%Á„a %ÁÃ[˝ AÃ[˝ aÁ„U ◊]◊_Tˆ c˜Ã^*
=: ^Á =‰Pˆ TˆÁc˜Á ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ psychic ÊªJÙTˆXÁ --- Â^ >àùÔ˘ ÊªJÙTˆXÁÃ[˝ ÿôˆ„Ã[˝ =‰Pˆ,
ÂacÕ ÂacÕ ÿôˆ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ `◊N˛ %Á„_Á `Á◊‹ôˆ cÕTˆÓÁ◊VÃ[˝ a„Ü ◊]◊_Tˆ c˜„Ã^ %ÁW˝Á„Ã[˝ XÁ◊]„Ã^
%Á„X*
20.3.34
*
Z«ı_ c˜[˝ÁÃ[˝ %UÔ --- ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ psychic surrender c˜‰¨K˜*

20.3.34
*
X: ]Á, AFX ÂVF◊ªK˜ Â^ ]ÁUÁÃ[˝ Jª ÙÁ◊Ã[˝◊V„Eı AEı◊Rª ÙO `Á‹ôˆ `◊N˛]ÁX A[˝e %Á„_ÁEı]^Ã
◊Eı H«Ã[˝‰ªK˜, %ÁÃ[˝ AcÕ ÂVc˜ ]X Y“ÁS c˜„Tˆ ◊Eı a[˝ Â^X £õı A[˝e [˝Á◊a Z«ı„_Ã[˝
]Tˆ Mı„Ã[˝ YQÕˆ‰ªK˜*
=: cÕc˜Á c˜‰¨K˜ >àùÔ˘ ÊªJÙTˆXÁÃ[˝ %[˝TˆÃ[˝S C %ÁW˝Á„Ã[˝Ã[˝ =YÃ[˝ Y“\ˆÁ[˝*
20.3.34
*
aÁW˝XÁ c˜Ã^ a]„Ã^Ã[˝ Y“„Ã^ÁLX %X«aÁ„Ã[˝* %Á„G ◊ªK˜_ ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ aÁW˝XÁÃ[˝, ac˜L
W˝ÓÁ„XÃ[˝ %[˝ÿöˆÁ --- AFX Y“„Ã^ÁLX %‹ôˆÃ[˝ [˝Á◊c˜Ã[˝„Eı AEı EıÃ[˝Á --- ÂVc˜‰ªJÙTˆXÁ
Y^ÔÓ‹ôˆ*
21.3.34
*
X: T«ˆ◊] ◊_„F◊ªK˜„_, ""...Tˆ„[˝ EıÁ„LÃ[˝ a]Ã^ F«[˝ Â[˝`› G\ˆ›„Ã[˝ XÁ ^ÁCÃ^Á

\ˆÁ_''* ]Á, G\ˆ›„Ã[˝ ÂG„_ ◊Eı FÁÃ[˝ÁY c˜Ã^? %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ^FX AcÕÃ[˝÷Y c˜Ã^ TˆFX
ÂV◊F, %Á]ÁÃ[˝ [˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝Ã[˝ %e` ^Á EıÁL EıÃ[˝„Tˆ c˜Ã^ EıÃ[˝‰ªK˜...*
=: TˆÁc˜Á \ˆÁ_* G\ˆ›„Ã[˝ ^ÁCÃ^Á AcÕ %„UÔ ◊_F_Á], Â^X G\ˆ›Ã[˝ tranceA
]G¬ c˜CÃ^Á --- ÂEıc˜ ^◊V A„a c˜PˆÁd Â\ˆ„Ü ÂVÃ^, TˆÁc˜„_ Zı_ \ˆÁ_ XÁC c˜„Tˆ
YÁ„Ã[˝*
21.3.34
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AcÕa[˝ %X«\…ˆ◊Tˆ F«[˝ \ˆÁ_* AcÕ aEı_ ◊L◊Xa Y“U] £W˝« %Á„a ^ÁÃ^ %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝
%Á„a, UÁ„Eı XÁ, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ %Á‰ÿôˆ %Á‰ÿôˆ ÂLÁÃ[˝ YÁÃ^, %ÁW˝ÁÃ[˝C %\ˆÓÿôˆ c˜„Ã^ ^ÁÃ^,
TˆÁÃ[˝ Y„Ã[˝ Â[˝`› ÿöˆÁÃ^› c˜Ã^*
22.3.34
*
[˝QÕˆ Ã[˝ÁLÓ true physical (spiritual physical) c˜„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ %ÁÃ[˝ [˝Á_Eı
[˝Á◊_EıÁ Âa Ã[˝Á„LÓÃ[˝ Y«Ã[˝”b Y“E ı◊Tˆ, Â[˝ÁW˝ c˜Ã^*
23.3.34
*
%ÁÃ[˝ a[˝ ◊PÊı ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ Psychic aw¯Á ]X Y“ÁS ÂV„c˜Ã[˝ ◊YªK˜„X UÁ„Eı %ÁÃ[˝ AcÕ
◊TˆXªRÙO›„EıcÕ &`Ô Eı„Ã[˝* ]„XÃ[˝ CcÕ W˝Á„Ã[˝ %W˝ÓÁ±¡ aw¯Á C >àùÔ˘‰ªJÙTˆXÁ UÁ„Eı*
23.3.34
*
^Á ÂV„FªK˜ TˆÁ aTˆÓcÕ --- Tˆ„[˝ ^Á„Eı FÁÃ[˝ÁY `◊N˛ [˝_, Âa aÁW˝ÁÃ[˝S Y“E ı◊Tˆ
]Áy* ÂacÕ Y“E ı◊TˆcÕ ]ÁX«b„Eı Y“ÁÃ^ a[˝ EıÃ[˝ÁÃ^ --- aÁW˝XÁÃ^ TˆÁÃ[˝ Y“\ˆÁ[˝ %◊Tˆy‘]
Eı[Ã ˝„Tˆ c˜^Ã --- Tˆ„[˝ ac˜„L c˜^Ã XÁ --- V Rª ÙÕ ◊ÿöˆ[Ã ˝ ÊªJÙrÙÁ^Ã Â`„b c˜„^Ã ^ÁÃ^ a+…S[ÃÔ ˝÷„Y*
26.3.34
*
X: ]Á, Y“Á„SÃ[˝ ◊X‰∂oˆ ÂVF_Á] AEıªRÙOÁ a]Tˆ_ \…ˆ◊] %Á‰ªK˜* ÂaFÁ„X AEı◊ªRÙO
GÁ\ˆ› %Á‰ªK˜* %ÁÃ[˝ ]„XÃ[˝ ◊X‰∂oˆC ÂVF_Á] AEıFÁXÁ a]Tˆ_ \…ˆ◊] %Á‰ªK˜, TˆÁ„Tˆ
ÂVF_Á] AEı◊ªRÙO ]Ã^…Ã[˝ %Á‰ªK˜*
=: a]Tˆ_ \…ˆ◊]Ã[˝ %UÔ ]„X Y“Á„S ÊªJÙTˆXÁÃ[˝ V ªRÕÙ Y“◊TˆúˆÁ --- ]Ã^…Ã[˝ a„TˆÓÃ[˝
`◊N˛Ã[˝ L„Ã^Ã[˝ _l˘S* GÁ\ˆ› a„TˆÓÃ[˝ %Á„_ÁÃ[˝ Y“Tˆ›Eı*
28.3.34
*
aÁW˝ÁÃ[˝S ]„XÃ[˝ ◊TˆXªRÙO› ÿôˆÃ[˝ %Á‰ªK˜* ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁÃ[˝ ÿôˆÃ[˝ [˝Á [˝«◊à˘, cÕ¨K˜Á`◊N˛Ã[˝ ÿôˆÃ[˝
([˝«◊à˘‰Y“◊Ã[˝Tˆ Will) %ÁÃ[˝ [˝◊c˜GÔÁ]› [˝«◊à˘* =Y„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ]„XÃ[˝C ◊TˆXªRÙO› ÿôˆÃ[˝ %Á‰ªK˜
--- Higher Mind, Illumined mind, Intuition* ]ÁUÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó ^FX ÂV„FªK˜,
CcÕ aÁW˝ÁÃ[˝S ]„XÃ[˝ ◊TˆXªRÙO› ÿôˆÃ[˝ c˜„[˝ --- =Y„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ◊V„Eı ÂFÁ_Á, Y“„TˆÓ„EıÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó
AEıªRÙO› ◊[˝„`b \ˆÁG[˝Tˆ› `◊N˛ EıÁL EıÃ[˝„Tˆ XÁ]‰ªK˜*
30.3.34
*
Y“Á„SÃ[˝ >àùÔ˘GÁ]› %[˝ÿöˆÁ \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ ◊V„Eı, a„TˆÓÃ[˝ ◊V„Eı* a„TˆÓÃ[˝ (ÂaÁXÁÃ[˝

Ã[˝„I¯Ã[˝) C Higher MindAÃ[˝ (X›_ %Á„_ÁÃ[˝) Y“\ˆÁ[˝ ]…wÔ¯ c˜„Ã^ =‰Pˆ ÂX„] H«Ã[˝‰ªK˜
ÂacÕ >àùÔ˘GÁ]› Y“ÁS‰ªJÙTˆXÁÃ^*
30.3.34
*
Â^ ªJÙy‘ ÂV„FªK˜, Âa Y“Á„SÃ[˝ psychic c˜„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ --- a]«V–ªRÙO› vital con-
sciousness, %◊G¬E«ıâ¯ Y“Á„SÃ[˝ aspiration, <G_ Yl˘›m◊_ Y“Á„SÃ[˝ >àùÔ˘GÁ]›
ÊY“Ã[˝SÁ --- ]◊≥VÃ[˝ c˜‰¨K˜ psychic Y“\ˆÁ[˝Y…SÔ Y“ÁSY“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝ ]◊≥VÃ[˝*
30.3.34
*
^FX aÁW˝Eı FgÁ◊ªRÙO ÊªJÙTˆXÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó [˝Áa Eı[Ã ˝„Tˆ %ÁÃ[˝êˆ Eı„[Ã ˝ TˆFXC %XÓ %e`m◊_
UÁ„Eı, Tˆ„[˝ FgÁ◊ªRÙO ÊªJÙTˆ XÁÃ[˝ Y“\ˆÁ[˝ [˝ÁQÕˆ„Tˆ [˝ÁQÕˆ„Tˆ CcÕm„_Á„Eı %Á‰ÿôˆ %Á‰ÿôˆ ◊X„ÿôˆL
Eı„Ã[˝ ÂZı„_*
2.4.34
*
Higher MindA [˝Áa EıÃ[˝Á TˆTˆ Eı◊PˆX XÃ^ --- ÊªJÙTˆXÁ ]ÁUÁÃ[˝ AEıªªR«ÙO =Y„Ã[˝
^FX C‰Pˆ TˆFX TˆÁc˜Á %ÁÃ[˝êˆ c˜Ã^ --- ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ OvermindA =Pˆ„Tˆ %„XEı a]Ã^
_Á„G, F«[˝ [˝QÕˆ aÁW˝Eı XÁ c˜„_ c˜Ã^ XÁ* AcÕ a[˝ ÿôˆ„Ã[˝ [˝Áa EıÃ[˝„_ ]„XÃ[˝ [˝gÁW˝X
Â\ˆ„Ü ^ÁÃ^, ÊªJÙTˆXÁ ◊[˝`Á_ c˜„Ã^ ^ÁÃ^, l«˘V– %c˜ep˚ÁX Eı„] ^ÁÃ^, a[˝cÕ AEı,
aEı_cÕ \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó, cÕTˆÓÁ◊V \ˆÁG[˝Tˆ [˝Á %W˝ÓÁ±¡ p˚ÁX ac˜L c˜„Ã^ ^ÁÃ^*
2.4.34
*
◊`£ªRÙO› ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ psychic being, ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ a„TˆÓÃ[˝ ◊L◊Xb [˝ÁÃ[˝ Eı„Ã[˝
%ÁX‰ªK˜ --- Ã[˝ÁÿôˆÁªRÙO› c˜‰¨K˜ Higher MindAÃ[˝ Ã[˝ÁÿôˆÁ Â^ a„TˆÓÃ[˝ ◊V„Eı =Pˆ‰ªK˜*
6.4.34
*
c˜cO ˜Á aTˆÓ XÃ^ --- %„X„Eı[Ã ˝ E«ıâ¯◊_X›Ã[˝ LÁGÃ[˝„SÃ[˝ %X«\ˆ… ◊Tˆ c˜^Ã XÁ, Eı„^Ã EıL„XÃ[˝
c˜Ã^ --- AcÕ LÁGÃ[˝„SÃ[˝ =„Å`Ó aEı_ ÿôˆÃ[˝ F«„_ ÂVCÃ^Á %ÁÃ[˝ >àùÔ˘‰ªJÙTˆXÁÃ[˝ a„Ü
ae^«N˛ EıÃ[˝Á --- ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ AcÕ =„Å`Ó %XÓ =YÁ„Ã^C c˜Ã^*
6.4.34
*
[˝QÕˆ ÿôˆÃ[˝ªRÙO› %W˝ÓÁ±¡ ÊªJÙTˆXÁ c˜„[˝, TˆÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó a„TˆÓÃ[˝ ]◊≥VÃ[˝, ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ vitalAÃ[˝
a„Ü AcÕ ÿôˆ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ a∂ëˆµ˘ ÿöˆÁYX c˜„Ã^‰ªK˜, >„àùÔ˘Ã[˝ `◊N˛ vitalA =PˆÁ-XÁ]Á Eı‰¨K˜¤
Â^X ÂaT«ˆ ◊V„Ã^*
6.4.34
*
]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ ]„W˝Ó ÂU„EıcÕ AEıªRÙO› Emanation%UÔÁd TgˆÁÃ[˝ aw¯Á C ÊªJÙTˆXÁÃ[˝
%e`, Y“◊TÊ ı◊Tˆ C Y“◊Tˆ◊X◊W˝ c˜„Ã^ Y“„TˆÓEı aÁW˝„EıÃ[˝ EıÁ‰ªK˜ AEıLX Â[˝◊Ã[˝„Ã^
%Á„aX [˝Á UÁ„EıX TˆÁ„Eı aÁc˜Á^Ó EıÃ[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ --- Y“E ıTˆ Y„l˘ ]Á-cÕ ÂacÕ Ã[˝÷Y
W˝„Ã[˝ %Á„aX*
9.4.34
*
X: ÂVF◊ªK˜ Â^ ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ LGd c˜„Tˆ V«cÕ [˝Á◊_EıÁ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ◊Y“Ã^ aÁU›Ã[˝ ]Tˆ [˝ÁÃ[˝
[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÂX„] %Áa‰ªK˜* AEıª◊ªRÙOÃ[˝ Ã[˝÷Y X›_ %Á„_Á„EıÃ[˝ XÓÁÃ^ %ÁÃ[˝ AEı◊ªRÙOÃ[˝ Ã[˝÷Y a…„^ÔÓÃ[˝
%Á„_Á„EıÃ[˝ XÓÁÃ^* AEı◊ªRÙOÃ[˝ ÂYÁbÁEı X›_, %YÃ[˝◊ªRÙOÃ[˝ c˜_„V*
=: >àùÔ˘]„XÃ[˝ `◊N˛ (X›_) --- TˆÁÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ Â^ ]X [˝Á Intuition --- aêˆ[˝Tˆf
AcÕ V«cÕªRÙO›Ã[˝cÕ `◊N˛*
9.4.34
*
Â[˝V^„p˚ YgÁªJÙªRÙO› %◊G¬ UÁ„Eı, YgÁªJÙªRÙO› XÁ UÁEı„_ ^p˚ Y…SÔ c˜Ã^ XÁ* %Á]Ã[˝Á
[˝_„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝ psychicA, ]„X, Y“Á„S, ÂV„c˜ C %[˝‰ªJÙTˆXÁÃ^, AcÕ YgÁªJÙªRÙO› %◊G¬Ã[˝
VÃ[˝EıÁÃ[˝*
9.4.34
*
X›_ --- Higher Mind,

a…„^ÔÓÃ[˝ %Á„_Á --- Light of divine Truth,
=#ù_ _Á_ --- c˜Ã^ Divine Love XÃ^ >àùÔ˘‰ªJÙTˆXÁÃ[˝ Force.
11.4.34
*
X: %Á]ÁÃ[˝ a[˝ a]Ã^ X›Ã[˝[˝ Gêˆ›Ã[˝ A[˝e ◊X#¤XTˆÁÃ^ UÁEı„Tˆ cÕ¨K˜Á c˜‰¨K˜*
[˝ÁcÕ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ◊V„Eı ÂG„_ A[˝e AEıªªR«ÙO [˝Á„L EıUÁ [˝_„_ ªJÙá˚_ c˜„Ã^ ^ÁcÕ*
=: Inner beingA ^Á c˜‰¨K˜, TˆÁÃ[˝cÕ Zı_ AcÕ X›Ã[˝[˝TˆÁÃ[˝ ◊V„Eı ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝Ã[˝
ªRÙOÁX*
11.4.34
*
AcÕ aEı_ c˜‰¨K˜ symbols Â^]X Y≤ø Z«ı_ ÊªJÙTˆXÁÃ[˝ Y“Tˆ›Eı, a…^ÔÓ p˚Á„XÃ[˝
[˝Á a„TˆÓÃ[˝, ªJÙ≥V– %W˝ÓÁ±¡ ÂLÓÁ◊TˆÃ[˝, TˆÁÃ[˝Á a ◊rÙÃ[˝, %◊G¬ TˆYaÓÁÃ[˝ [˝Á aspira-
tionAÃ[˝, ---
ÂaÁXÁÃ[˝ ÂGÁ_ÁY = aTˆÓ‰ªJÙTˆXÁ]Ã^ ÊY“] C a]YÔS*

aÁVÁ Y≤ø = ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ ÊªJÙTˆXÁ (Divine Consciousness)*
GÁ\ˆ› ÊªJÙTˆXÁ C %Á„_Á„EıÃ[˝ Y“Tˆ›Eı* aÁVÁ GÁ\ˆ›Ã[˝ %UÔ =Y„Ã[˝Ã[˝ £à˘ ÊªJÙTˆXÁ*
11.4.34
*
T«ˆ◊] [˝„_◊ªK˜„_ W˝ÓÁ„X Â_FÁ ÂV„F◊ªK˜„_ --- TˆÁÃ[˝ =w¯„Ã[˝ %Á◊] [˝„_◊ªK˜ Â^
Â^]X W˝ÓÁ„X XÁXÁ Ã[˝Eı] V `Ó ÂVFÁ ^ÁÃ^, ÂacÕÃ[˝Eı] W˝ÓÁ„X XÁXÁ Ã[˝Eı] Â_FÁC
ÂVFÁ ^ÁÃ^* AcÕ a[˝ Â_FÁ„Eı %Á]Ã[˝Á ◊_◊Y [˝Á %ÁEıÁ`◊_◊Y XÁ] ◊V* AcÕ Â_FÁm„_Á
[˝à˘ ÊªJÙÁ„FC ÂVFÁ ^ÁÃ^, ÂFÁ_Á ÊªJÙÁ„FC ÂVFÁ ^ÁÃ^*
13.4.34
*
X: ÂVF_Á] %Á]ÁÃ[˝ G_ÁÃ[˝ ◊X‰∂oˆ AEı◊ªRÙO Y«E«ıÃ[˝, [˝«„EıÃ[˝ ◊X‰∂oˆ AEı◊ªRÙO Y«E«ıÃ[˝,
%ÁÃ[˝ XÁ◊\ˆÃ[˝ =Y„Ã[˝ AEı◊ªRÙO Y«E«ıÃ[˝ %Á‰ªK˜* AcÕ ◊TˆX◊ªRÙO Y«E«ı„Ã[˝ L_ ÂXcÕ, a[˝
£◊Eı„Ã^ ◊G„Ã^‰ªK˜* %„XEıl˘S Y„Ã[˝ ÂV◊F F«[˝ >„àùÔ˘ AEı◊ªRÙO Y[˝ÔTˆ %Á‰ªK˜* Âa Y[˝ÔTˆ
c˜„Tˆ Y◊[˝y L_ A„a Y«E«ıÃ[˝m◊_„Tˆ Y◊TˆTˆ c˜‰¨K˜* %ÁÃ[˝ ]Á, ÂVF_Á], AcÕ L„_Ã[˝
]„W˝Ó Eı]_ Z«ıªRÙO„Tˆ %ÁÃ[˝êˆ EıÃ[˝‰ªK˜*
=: aÁW˝Á[Ã ˝S ]X c˜÷V^Ã Y“ÁScÕ AcÕ ◊TˆXRª Ù›O £õı Y«Eı« [Ã ˝ --- TˆÁ[Ã ˝ ]„W˝Ó >àù˘Ô ÎJª ÙTˆ„XÓÃ[˝
Y“[˝Ác˜ ÂX„]‰ªK˜ --- %ÁÃ[˝ ]X c˜÷VÃ^ Y“ÁS Z«ı„_Ã[˝ ]Tˆ Z«ı‰ªRÙO ^Á‰¨K˜*
16.4.34
*
_Á_ ÂGÁ_ÁY› \ˆÁG[˝Tˆ ÊY“„]Ã[˝ %Á„_Á, aÁVÁ Tˆ \ˆÁG[˝Tˆ ËªJÙTˆ„XÓÃ[˝ %Á„_Á*

16.4.34
*
X: ◊Eı Eı„Ã[˝ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ outer being„Eı Y◊Ã[˝[˝TˆÔ¯X EıÃ[˝[˝ A[˝e ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ `“›ªJÙÃ[˝„S
a]YÔS EıÃ[˝[˝? %Á]ÁÃ[˝ a]ÿôˆ ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ, FÁCÃ^Á, YQÕˆÁ, EıUÁ [˝_Á, EıÁL, H«]Á„XÁ a[˝
Â^X ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ c˜Ã^* %Á]ÁÃ[˝ Y“„TˆÓEı `üÁa-Y“`üÁa Â^X ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ ◊VEı ÂU„Eı %Áa‰ªK˜
AcÕÃ[˝÷Y %X«\ˆ[˝ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ c˜Ã^*
=: [˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝Ã[˝ AcÕÃ[˝÷Y Y…SÔ %[˝ÿöˆÁ Y„Ã[˝ %Á„a --- AFX LÁG–Tˆ ÊªJÙTˆXÁÃ^ aTˆÓ
%X«\…ˆ◊Tˆ„Eı [˝ÁQÕˆ„Tˆ VÁC, TˆÁÃ[˝ Zı„_ Ca[˝ c˜„[˝*
16.4.34
*
GÁªK˜ªRÙO› ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ spiritual life, TˆÁÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ [˝„a‰ªK˜ a„TˆÓÃ[˝ ◊[˝LÃ^ÿëˆÃ[˝÷Y ÿëˆSÔ
]Ã^…Ã[˝, Y“„TˆÓEı \ˆÁ„G --- ªJÙ≥V– = %W˝ÓÁ±¡ `◊N˛Ã[˝ %Á„_Á*
18.4.34
*
["X'-Ã[˝]„X c˜„Ã^‰ªK˜ ATˆ◊VX Âa ◊]UÓÁcÕ aÁW˝XÁ Eı„Ã[˝‰ªK˜* a[˝cÕ [˝ÓUÔ c˜„Ã^‰ªK˜*

ÊªJÙTˆXÁÃ[˝ %G–G◊Tˆ ◊EıªK«˜cÕ c˜Ã^◊X*]
=: ^Á c˜„Ã^ ◊ªK˜_, Âa ◊]UÓÁ [˝Á [˝ÓUÔ XÃ^ --- Tˆ„[˝ Â^]X ÊªJÙTˆXÁ F«„_ F«„_
^ÁÃ^, ÂVF[˝ÁÃ[˝ C aÁW˝XÁ Eı[[˝ÔÁÃ[˝ W˝Ã[˝SC [˝V„_ ^ÁÃ^* ^Á %p˚Á„XÃ[˝, %c˜eEıÁ„Ã[˝Ã[˝,
Y“Á„SÃ[˝ [˝ÁaXÁÃ[˝ ◊]`“S aÁW˝XÁÃ^ ◊ªK˜_, TˆÁc˜Á F„a Â^„Tˆ %ÁÃ[˝êˆ Eı„Ã[˝*
20.4.34
*
%◊\ˆp˚TˆÁm◊_ \ˆÁ_ --- AcÕ %◊G¬ psychic fire --- %ÁÃ[˝ Â^ %[˝ÿöˆÁÃ[˝
[˝SÔXÁ Eı„Ã[˝ªK˜ Âa %[˝ÿöˆÁ psychic condition, ^ÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó %£à˘ ◊EıªK«˜ %Áa„Tˆ
YÁ„Ã[˝ XÁ*
23.4.34
*
AcÕ ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ C AcÕ ÿëˆY¬ Â[˝ÁW˝ c˜Ã^ ""]''Ã[˝ ]X ÂU„Eı A„a %_◊l˘„Tˆ ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝
%[˝‰ªJÙTˆXÁÃ^ Y„` Y“EıÁ` ÂY„Ã^‰ªK˜* AcÕ Ã[˝Eı] Y„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁÃ[˝ %Áy‘]S ÂU„Eı a[˝
a]Ã^, %[˝‰ªJÙTˆX ]X Y“ÁS„Eı Ã[˝l˘Á EıÃ[˝Á Eı◊PˆX* cÕc˜Á %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ◊EıªK«˜ XÃ^ ÂL„X
Y“TˆÓÁFÓÁX EıÃ[˝„Tˆ c˜Ã^*
26.4.34
*
X: ]Á, %Á◊] %ÁL ÂVF„Tˆ YÁ◊¨K˜ Â^ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó %c˜eEıÁÃ[˝, %Á±¡G◊Ã[˝]Á,

[˝ÁaXÁ, EıÁ]XÁ, ◊]UÓÁ EıîXÁ, ◊c˜eaÁ, ◊[˝[Ã ˝◊N˛, =„w¯LXÁ, VÁ[˝›, %Áa◊N˛, Jª Ùá˚_TˆÁ,
LQÕˆTˆÁ, %Á_aÓ cÕTˆÓÁ◊V %LÿÉˆ ÂVÁ„b \ˆÃ[˝Á* %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ÂEıÁX ◊EıªK«˜cÕ ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ ◊V„Eı
ÂFÁ„_◊X, £W˝« l«˘V– c˜÷VÃ^FÁXÁ AEıªªR«ÙO F«„_‰ªK˜ A[˝e psychic being ÂTˆÁ]Á„Eı
ªJÙÁcÕ‰ªK˜*
=: A a[˝ ÂVÁb %[˝`ÓcÕ Â[˝Ã[˝ EıÃ[˝„Tˆ c˜„[˝ --- ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ c˜÷VÃ^ ^FX F«„_‰ªK˜,
psychic being ^FX conscious c˜‰¨K˜, TˆFX %ÁÃ[˝ a[˝ F«_„[˝cÕ, ÂVÁb [˝ÁW˝Á
%Á‰ÿôˆ %Á‰ÿôˆ F„a ^Á„[˝*
26.4.34
[ÂÃ[˝FÁ◊·¯Tˆ %e`ªªR«ÙOE«ıÃ[˝ %◊Tˆ◊Ã[˝N˛ [˝ÓÁFÓÁ aêˆ[˝Tˆ "X' ÊªJÙ„Ã^◊ªK˜„_X*]
%UÔ --- ]ÁX«„bÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó AcÕ aEı_ V«[[˝Ô_TˆÁ %Á‰ªK˜, Âam„_ÁÃ[˝ a∂ëˆ„µ˘ (◊X„LÃ[˝
V ◊rÙ ÂU„Eı _«„EıÁ„Tˆ XÁ ◊V„Ã^) a‰ªJÙTˆX c˜„Tˆ c˜Ã^ --- Tˆ„[˝ psychic being ^FX
a‰ªJÙTˆX c˜„Ã^‰ªK˜, TˆFX \ˆÃ^ ÂXcÕ, AcÕ a[˝ Âa„Ã[˝ ^Á„[˝*
*
Psychic being ^FX conscious c˜^

Ã aÁW˝„Eı[Ã ˝ ]„W˝Ó, TˆFX ]ÁX«„bÃ[˝ ÿëˆ\ˆÁ„[˝
Â^ a[˝ ÂVÁb V«[[˝Ô_TˆÁ, a[˝ ÂV◊F„Ã^ ÂVÃ^ --- ◊XÃ[˝Á`ÁÃ[˝ \ˆÁ„[˝ XÃ^, a]YÔS C
Ã[˝÷YÁ‹ôˆÃ[˝ EıÃ[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ*
27.4.34
*
X: %ÁL Y“ÁÃ^ a]Ã^ %X«\ˆ[˝ Eı„Ã[˝◊ªK˜ Â^ Y≤øZ«ı„_Ã[˝ ]Tˆ ◊Eı AEıªRÙOÁ %Á]ÁÃ[˝
◊\ˆTˆÃ[˝ F«„_ ^Á‰¨K˜, %ÁÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ c˜„Tˆ X›_ aÁVÁ %Á„_Á C `Á◊‹ôˆ XÁ]‰ªK˜* ^FX
ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ EıUÁ ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ EıÃ[˝◊ªK˜ TˆFX ÂVF◊ªK˜ Â^ ÂLÓÁ◊Tˆ∂ˆÇÔÃ^› C ªJgÙÁ„VÃ[˝ %Á„_ÁÃ[˝ ]Tˆ
AEıFÁXÁ aÃ[˝” ◊Eı ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ LG„TˆÃ[˝ ◊V„Eı =‰Pˆ ◊G„Ã^‰ªK˜*
=: ^Á F«_‰ªK˜ TˆÁ psychic %ÁÃ[˝ heartAÃ[˝ consciousness --- =YÃ[˝
c˜„Tˆ %Áa‰ªK˜ higher mindAÃ[˝ C \ˆÁG[˝Tˆ ÊªJÙTˆXÁÃ[˝ %Á„_Á C `Á◊‹ôˆ* ^Á ªJgÙÁ„VÃ[˝
]Tˆ =Pˆ‰ªK˜, TˆÁ psychic ÂU„Eı %ÁW˝ÓÁ◊≈±¡Eı aspirationAÃ[˝ ÊÿÉˆÁTˆ*
27.4.34
*
%Áy‘]S ^◊V c˜Ã^, EıÁ~Á XÁ Eı„Ã[˝ ]Á„Eı QˆÁEı --- ]Á„Eı QˆÁEı„_ `◊N˛ %Áa„[˝,
%Áy‘]S a„Ã[˝ ^Á„[˝*
4.5.34
*
EıTÊıªRÙOÁ TˆÁcÕ, Tˆ„[˝ [˝ÁW˝Á EıÁ=„Eı ac˜„L ªK˜Á‰QÕˆ XÁ, F«[˝ [˝QÕˆ Â^ÁG›„EıC XÃ^*
]„XÃ[˝ [˝ÁW˝Á %„Yl˘ÁE ıTˆ ac˜„L ªK˜ÁQÕˆÁX ^ÁÃ^, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ Y“Á„SÃ[˝ [˝ÁW˝Á, `Ã[˝›„Ã[˝Ã[˝ [˝ÁW˝Á
TˆTˆ ac˜„L ^ÁÃ^ XÁ, a]Ã^ _Á„G*
18.5.34
*
aÁY c˜‰¨K˜ energy (`◊N˛)Ã[˝ Y“Tˆ›Eı* >„àùÔ˘Ã[˝ AEıªRÙO› energy ]ÁUÁÃ[˝ =Y„Ã[˝
higher consciousnessA VÒÁ≈◊QÕˆ„Ã^ %Á‰ªK˜*
30.5.34
*
X: ÂVF_Á] Â^ %Á◊] %Á]ÁÃ[˝ AcÕ ÂV„c˜ XÁcÕ* AEı◊ªRÙO %ÁX◊≥VTˆ ]«N˛ ÊªK˜ÁªRÙO
[˝Á◊_EıÁÃ[˝ ]Tˆ c˜„Ã^ ÂTˆÁ]Á„VÃ[˝ `“›ªJÙÃ[˝„S %Á◊ªK˜*
=: ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ inner beingAÃ[˝ Ã[˝÷Y*
30.5.34
*
%[˝`Ó AcÕ a[˝ %Á„_ÁªJÙXÁ XÁ EıÃ[˝Á Ê`“Ã^ïıÃ[˝ --- ]ÁX«„bÃ[˝ ÿëˆ\ˆÁ[˝ Y„Ã[˝Ã[˝ a∂ëˆ„µ˘
AcÕ Ã[˝Eı] %Á„_ÁªJÙXÁ [Eı„Ã[˝] --- %„XEı \ˆÁ_ aÁW˝EıC AcÕ %\ˆÓÁa ÊªK˜‰QÕˆ ◊V„Tˆ
ªJÙÁÃ^ XÁ [˝Á YÁ„Ã[˝ XÁ* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ A„Tˆ aÁW˝XÁÃ[˝ l˘◊Tˆ ◊\ˆ~ =YEıÁÃ[˝ c˜Ã^ XÁ*
1.6.34
*
cg˜ÓÁ --- ◊Eı‹ˆ«ô ◊\ˆTˆ„[Ã ˝ Â\ˆÁG [˝ÁaXÁ c˜TO ˆÓÁ◊V TˆÓÁG Eı[Ã ˝„Tˆ c˜^Ã --- [˝Á◊c˜„[Ã ˝[Ã ˝ a[˝
`…XÓ Eı[Ã ˝Á VÃ[˝EıÁ[Ã ˝ XÁcÕ --- ]Á ^Á ÂVX TˆÁ ◊X„Ã^ %Áa◊N˛`…XÓ c˜„^Ã UÁEıÁ \ˆÁ_*
8.6.34
*
a]„Ã^ a[˝ [˝ÁW˝Á ªJÙ„_ ^Á„[˝ --- >„àùÔ˘Ã[˝ ÊªJÙTˆXÁ Â^]X [˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ]X Y“Á„S
`Ã[˝›„Ã[˝ Â[˝‰QÕˆ ^ÁÃ^, [˝ÁW˝ÁÃ[˝ Â[˝GC Eı„] ^ÁÃ^, Â`„b %V `Ó c˜„Ã^ ^Á„[˝, %Ã[˝÷„YC
UÁEı„[˝ XÁ*
9.6.34
*
ÊªJÙTˆXÁ [˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝ ^ÁÃ^, a[˝ a]Ã^ ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ %[˝ÿöˆÁ Ã[˝ÁF„Tˆ YÁÃ[˝ XÁ, A ◊EıªK«˜
mÃ[˝”TˆÃ[˝ EıUÁ XÃ^ --- aEı„_Ã[˝ c˜Ã^, ^Tˆ◊VX ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ a+…SÔ Ã[˝÷YÁ‹ôˆÃ[˝ XÁ c˜Ã^*
TˆÁ„Tˆ aY“]ÁS c˜Ã^ XÁ Â^ %◊\ˆp˚TˆÁ %X«\…ˆ◊Tˆ ◊]UÓÁ*
9.6.34
*
`Á‹ôˆ\ˆÁ„[˝ [˝„a ]Á„Eı ÿˆÇÃ[˝S Eı„Ã[˝ ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ EıÁ‰ªK˜ ◊X„L„Eı F«„_ Ã[˝ÁF --- W˝ÓÁ„XÃ[˝
◊XÃ^] AcÕ*
19.6.34
*
cÕc˜Á Tˆ aEı„_Ã[˝cÕ c˜Ã^ --- \ˆÁ_ %[˝ÿöˆÁÃ^ a[[˝ÔVÁ UÁEıÁ [˝QÕˆ Eı◊PˆX, %„XEı
a]Ã^ _Á„G --- ◊ÿöˆÃ[˝ c˜„Ã^ aÁW˝XÁ Eı„Ã[˝Á, ◊[˝ªJÙ◊_Tˆ c˜„Ã^Á XÁ* a]„Ã^ c˜„Ã^ ^Á„[˝*
25.6.34
*
LÁG–Tˆ %[˝ÿöˆÁ„TˆcÕ a[˝ XÁ]ÁX, a[˝ \ˆÁG[˝Tˆ %X«\…ˆ◊Tˆ YÁCÃ^Á A Â^Á„GÃ[˝

◊XÃ^]* %[˝`Ó Y“U] %[˝ÿöˆÁÃ^ W˝ÓÁ„XcÕ Â[˝`› c˜Ã^ %ÁÃ[˝ Â`b Y^ÔÓ‹ôˆ =YEıÁÃ[˝› c˜„Tˆ
YÁ„Ã[˝ --- ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ £W˝« W˝ÓÁ„X %X«\…ˆ◊Tˆ c˜„_ a]ÿôˆ aw¯ÁÃ[˝ Ã[˝÷YÁ‹ôˆÃ[˝ c˜Ã^ XÁ* LÁG–„Tˆ
c˜CÃ^Á ÂaLXÓ F«[˝ \ˆÁ_ _l˘S*
25.6.34
*
Y„≤øÃ[˝ C a…„^ÔÓÃ[˝ %UÔ Tˆ LÁX* ◊[˝ªK˜ÁXÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó ÂVF„_ TˆÁÃ[˝ ◊[˝„`b ÂEıÁX
%UÔ XÃ^, %UÔ AcÕ Â^ physical Y^ÔÓ‹ôˆ A a[˝ XÁ]‰ªK˜*

25.6.34
*
X: %ÁL ÂVF_Á] ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ ÂEıÁ„_Ã[˝ =YÃ[˝ ]ÁUÁ ÂÃ[˝„F Â^X W˝ÓÁX EıÃ[˝◊ªK˜*
%ÁÃ[˝ ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ ÂVc˜ c˜„Tˆ %◊G¬Ã[˝ ]Tˆ %Á„_Á [˝ÁÃ[˝ c˜„Ã^ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ a]ÿôˆ ]◊_XTˆÁ V…Ã[˝
Eı„Ã[˝ ◊V‰¨K˜, %ÁÃ[˝ `Á‹ôˆ C F«[˝ =#ù_ AEı [Ã ˝÷Y [˝Á[Ã ˝ c˜„^Ã %Á]Á„Eı `Á‹ôˆ %Á„_Á◊EıTˆ
EıÃ[˝‰ªK˜*
=: AcÕ c˜‰¨K˜ psychicAÃ[˝ aTˆÓ %X«\…ˆ◊Tˆ, F«[˝ \ˆÁ_ _l˘S* cÕc˜ÁcÕ ªJÙÁcÕ*
25.6.34
*
...[˝Á„L ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ ÂEı XÁ Eı„Ã[˝ --- a[˝ a]Ã^ ]Á„EıcÕ ÿˆÇÃ[˝S Eı„Ã[˝, ÂEıc˜cÕ YÁ„Ã[˝
XÁ physical mind relax Eı„Ã[˝* >àùÔ˘ ËªJÙTˆXÓ a+…SÔ XÁ]„_, TˆÁÃ[˝ YÃ[˝ c˜Ã^*
26.6.34
*
ÿëˆSÔ = aTˆÓ p˚ÁX]Ã^ ÊªJÙTˆXÁ --- Ã[˝÷YÁ = %W˝ÓÁ±¡ ÊªJÙTˆXÁ*

27.6.34
*
["X'AÃ[˝ Y‰yÃ[˝ ""aÁVÁ %Á„_Á'' A[˝e ""%◊G¬Ã[˝ ]Tˆ %Á„_Á'' EıUÁ V«◊ªRÙOÃ[˝ EıÁ‰ªK˜
`“›%Ã[˝◊[˝≥V ÛÁy‘„] ""\ˆÁG[˝Tˆ ËªJÙTˆ„XÓÃ[˝ %Á„_Á'' A[˝e ""aspiration C TˆYaÓÁÃ[˝
%Á„_Á'' Â_„FX*]
*
ÂaÁXÁÃ[˝ V◊QÕˆ --- aTˆÓ ÊªJÙTˆXÁÃ[˝ a∂ëˆµ˘ ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ a„Ü; ÂaÁXÁÃ[˝ ÂGÁ_ÁY --- aTˆÓ
ÊªJÙTˆXÁ]Ã^ ÊY“] C a]YÔS; aÁVÁ Y≤ø --- ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ ÊªJÙTˆXÁ (divine conscious-
ness) higher mindA C psychicA F«_‰ªK˜* ªJÙy‘◊ªRÙOÃ[˝ %UÔ = ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ `◊N˛Ã[˝
EıÁL ªJÙ_‰ªK˜ ◊X‰∂oˆÃ[˝ ÿôˆ„Ã[˝*
28.6.34
*
c˜›Ã[˝ÁÃ[˝ %Á„_Á Tˆ ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝cÕ %Á„_Á at its strongest --- AcÕÃ[˝÷Y ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝

`Ã[˝›Ã[˝ c˜„Tˆ Â[˝◊Ã[˝„Ã^ aÁW˝„EıÃ[˝ =Y„Ã[˝ YQÕˆÁ F«[˝ ÿëˆÁ\ˆÁ◊[˝Eı, aÁW˝Eı ^◊V \ˆÁ_ %[˝ÿöˆÁÃ^
UÁ„Eı*
29.6.34
*
ÂEıÁX aÁW˝„EıÃ[˝ a∂ëˆ„µ˘ %Á„_ÁªJÙXÁ EıÃ[˝Á \ˆÁ_ XÃ^* TˆÁ„Tˆ EıÁ„Ã[˝Á =YEıÁÃ[˝ c˜Ã^
XÁ, [˝[Ã ˝e %◊XrÙ c˜^Ã * AcÕ %Á`“„] aEı„_ Eı„[Ã ˝, ◊Eı‹ˆ«ô A„Tˆ atmosphere troubled
c˜„Ã^ UÁ„Eı, aÁW˝XÁÃ[˝ l˘◊TˆC c˜Ã^* TˆÁÃ[˝ ÊªJÙ„Ã^ ]Á„Eı ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ EıÃ[˝Á, Â^Á„GÃ[˝ [˝Á %XÓ
\ˆÁ_ EıUÁ [˝_Á ÊªRÙÃ[˝ \ˆÁ_*
29.6.34
*
[˝QÕˆ [˝QÕˆ aÁW˝Eı„EıC [˝ÁW˝Á %Áy‘]S EıÃ[˝„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝, TˆÁ„Tˆ ◊Eı? Psychic
%[˝ÿöˆÁ UÁEı„_, ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ a„Ü ^«N˛ UÁEı„_, AcÕ a[˝ %Áy‘]„SÃ[˝ ÊªJÙrÙÁ [˝ UÁ c˜„Ã^
^ÁÃ^*
29.6.34
*
X›_ Tˆ Higher MindAÃ[˝ [˝SÔ --- X›_ Y≤ø = ÂacÕ >àùÔ˘]„XÃ[˝ =XΩ›_X
ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ ÊªJÙTˆXÁÃ^*
30.6.34
*
c˜Ã^ Tˆ `Ã[˝›„Ã[˝ W˝ÓÁ„XÃ[˝ ◊EıªK«˜ [˝ÁW˝Á %Á‰ªK˜, ^Á„Tˆ [˝aÁ ªJÙÁÃ^ XÁ* Tˆ„[˝ cÕc˜ÁC
%„X„EıÃ[˝ aÁW˝XÁÃ^ H‰ªRÙO Â^ aÁW˝XÁ %ÁYXÁ %ÁY◊X ªJÙ„_, ÂLÁÃ[˝ Eı„Ã[˝ [˝„a W˝ÓÁX
EıÃ[˝Á %ÁÃ[˝ c˜Ã^ XÁ, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ %]◊X [˝a„Tˆ cg˜Á≈ªRÙO„Tˆ £„Ã^ UÁEı„Tˆ H«„]Á„TˆC Y^ÔÓ‹ôˆ
aÁW˝XÁ XÁ„]*
2.7.34
*
X: ]Á, ÂVF_Á] Â^ %ÁW˝Á„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ]„W˝Ó AEı◊ªRÙO F«[˝ [˝QÕˆ [˝ l˘, Â^ >„àùÔ˘Ã[˝ ◊V„Eı
[˝QÕˆ c˜‰¨K˜...*
=: [˝l ˘Rª Ù›O ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ %ÁW˝ÓÁ◊≈±¡Eı L›[˝X Â^ ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó [˝ÁQÕˆ„Tˆ %ÁÃ[˝êˆ Eı„Ã[˝‰Kª ˜*
6.7.34
*
cg˜ÓÁ, ]Á„EıcÕ ªJÙÁcÕ„Tˆ c˜Ã^ ÂEıÁX [˝ÁaXÁ VÁ[˝› cÕTˆÓÁ◊V ÂYÁbS XÁ Eı„Ã[˝* C a[˝
A„_ aÁÃ^ XÁ ◊V„Ã^ ÂZı„_ ◊V„Tˆ c˜Ã^* TˆÁÃ[˝ Y„Ã[˝C Y“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝ Y«Ã[˝ÁTˆX %\ˆÓÁ„aÃ[˝
VÃ[˝”S Cm„_Á %Áa„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ Â`„b %\ˆÓÁaªRÙO› l˘Ã^ c˜„Ã^ ^Á„[˝, %ÁÃ[˝ %Áa„[˝
XÁ*
6.7.34
*
Sex-force ]ÁX[˝ ]Á‰yÃ[˝cÕ %Á‰ªK˜, Âa impulse Y“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝ AEıªRÙOÁ Y“W˝ÁX ^‹ó

^ÁÃ[˝ •ÁÃ[˝Á Âa ]ÁX«b„Eı ªJÙÁ_ÁÃ^, aeaÁÃ[˝ a]ÁL Y◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ a ◊rÙ Eı„Ã[˝, Y“ÁS›Ã[˝ L›[˝X
%„XEıªRÙOÁ TˆÁÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ ◊X\ˆ¤Ã[˝ Eı„Ã[˝* Âa L„XÓ aEı„_Ã[˝ ]„W˝Ó sex impulse %Á‰ªK˜,
ÂEı= [˝ÁV ^ÁÃ^ XÁ --- aÁW˝XÁ EıÃ[˝„_C AcÕ sex impulse ªK˜ÁQÕˆ„Tˆ ªJÙÁÃ^ XÁ,
ac˜„L ªK˜Á‰QÕˆ XÁ, Âa Y“ÁS `Ã[˝›„Ã[˝ Y“E ı◊Tˆ Ã[˝÷YÁ‹ôˆ◊Ã[˝Tˆ c˜CÃ^Á Y^ÔÓ‹ôˆ ◊Zı„Ã[˝ ◊Zı„Ã[˝
%Á„a* Tˆ„[˝ aÁW˝Eı aÁ[˝W˝ÁX c˜„Ã^ TˆÁ„Eı ae^] Eı„Ã[˝, Y“TˆÓÁFÓÁX Eı„Ã[˝, ^Tˆ [˝ÁÃ[˝
%Á„a TˆTˆ[˝ÁÃ[˝ TˆÁ◊QÕˆ„Ã^ ÂVÃ^ --- AcÕ Eı„Ã[˝ Eı„Ã[˝ Â`„b _«ä c˜„Ã^ ^ÁÃ^*
10.7.34
*
%Á]ÁÃ[˝ EıUÁ --- ^Á %„XEı[˝ÁÃ[˝ [˝„_◊ªK˜ --- TˆÁ \«ˆ„_ Â^„Ã^Á XÁ* =Tˆ_Á XÁ
c˜„Ã^ ◊ÿöˆÃ[˝ `Á‹ôˆ \ˆÁ„[˝ aÁW˝XÁ EıÃ[˝, TˆÁc˜„_cÕ a[˝ %Á‰ÿôˆ %Á‰ÿôˆ ◊PÊı Y„U %Áa„[˝*
=Î¨JÙfÿëˆ„Ã[˝ y‘≥VX \ˆÁ_ XÃ^ --- `Á‹ôˆ\ˆÁ„[˝ ]Á„Eı QˆÁEı, TgˆÁÃ[˝ EıÁ‰ªK˜ a]YÔS EıÃ[˝*
Y“ÁS ^TˆcÕ `Á‹ôˆ c˜Ã^, TˆTˆ aÁW˝XÁ steadily AEı Y„U ªJÙ„_*
17.8.34
*
`Á‹ôˆ C a‰ªJÙTˆX UÁEı, ]Á„Eı QˆÁEı, \ˆÁ_ %[˝ÿöˆÁ ◊Zı„Ã[˝ %Áa„[˝* a]YÔS
a+…SÔ EıÃ[˝„Tˆ a]Ã^ _Á„G --- Â^FÁ„X ÂVFªK˜ c˜Ã^◊X, ÂaFÁXªRÙOÁC a]YÔS EıÃ[˝
--- AcÕÃ[˝÷Y EıÃ[˝„Tˆ EıÃ[˝„Tˆ Â`„b a+…SÔ c˜„[˝*
27.8.34
*
It is good.
c˜÷VÃ^ ^◊V ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ ◊V„Eı ÂFÁ_Á UÁ„Eı %ÁÃ[˝ a[˝ `›H– F«„_ ^ÁÃ^*
29.8.34
*
cg˜ÓÁ ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝cÕ a[˝ %Á‰ªK˜ C XrÙ c˜[˝ÁÃ[˝ XÃ^ --- Âa LXÓ [˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝Ã[˝ [˝ÁW˝Á◊[˝Y◊w¯„Tˆ
◊[˝ªJÙ◊_Tˆ XÁ c˜„Ã^ CcÕ ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ a„TˆÓ Y“◊Tˆ◊úˆTˆ c˜„Tˆ c˜Ã^ %ÁÃ[˝ TˆÁÃ[˝ Zı„_ [˝Á◊c˜Ã[˝C
Ã[˝÷YÁ‹ôˆ◊Ã[˝Tˆ c˜„[˝*
4.10.34
*
^FX F«[˝ G\ˆ›Ã[˝ %[˝ÿöˆÁ c˜Ã^, TˆFX =Pˆ„_ [˝Á cg˜Á≈ªRÙO„_ ÂaÃ[˝÷Y ]ÁUÁ ÂHÁÃ[˝Á
c˜Ã^ --- `Ã[˝›„Ã[˝Ã[˝ V«[[˝Ô_TˆÁÃ[˝ VÃ[˝”S XÃ^, ÊªJÙTˆXÁ ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ ÂG‰ªK˜, `Ã[˝›„Ã[˝ %ÁÃ[˝ a+…SÔ
ÊªJÙTˆXÁ XÁcÕ [˝„_* AcÕÃ[˝÷Y %[˝ÿöˆÁÃ^ ªJ«ÙY Eı„Ã[˝ [˝„a UÁEıÁ \ˆÁ_ --- `Ã[˝›„Ã[˝ ^FX
ÊªJÙTˆXÁ a+…SÔ ◊Zı„Ã[˝ %Á„a, TˆFX =Pˆ„Tˆ YÁÃ[˝*
24.10.34
*
AªRÙOÁ F«[˝ [˝QÕˆ opening ---- a…„^ÔÓÃ[˝ ÂLÓÁ◊Tˆ Â^ XÁ]‰ªK˜ Âa a„TˆÓÃ[˝ ÂLÓÁ◊Tˆ
--- Âa aTˆÓ >àùÔ˘ ]„XÃ[˝C %„XEı =Y„Ã[˝*
24.10.34
*
]…_ÁW˝ÁÃ[˝ physicalAÃ[˝ inner centre --- Y«E«ıÃ[˝ªRÙO› ÊªJÙTˆXÁÃ[˝ AEıªRÙO› open-

ing [˝Á formation, Âa ÊªJÙTˆXÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó `“›%Ã[˝◊[˝„≥VÃ[˝ presence = _Á_ Y≤ø
%ÁÃ[˝ inner physicalA ÊY“„]Ã[˝ ÂGÁ_ÁY› %Á„_Á XÁ]‰ªK˜*
24.10.34
*
EıîXÁ XÃ^* ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ %„XEı personality %Á‰ªªK˜, Âam„_Á Y“„TˆÓ„EıÃ[˝ dif-

ferent Ã[˝÷Y, Âa a[˝ a]„Ã^ a]„Ã^ ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ `Ã[˝›„Ã[˝ [˝ÓN˛ c˜Ã^* aÁQÕˆ›Ã[˝ Ã[˝e Â^]X,
]Á Âa Ã[˝„I¯Ã[˝ %Á„_Á [˝Á `◊N˛ ◊X„Ã^ %Á„aX* EıÁÃ[˝S Y“„TˆÓEı Ã[˝e AEı AEı `◊N˛Ã[˝
(forceAÃ[˝) ÂVÓÁTÊı*
26.10.34
*
X: ]Á, ]…_ÁW˝Á„Ã[˝Ã[˝ _Á_ Y≤ø ÂV◊F W˝›„Ã[˝ W˝›„Ã[˝ Z«ı‰ªRÙO =Pˆ‰ªK˜ TˆÁ„Tˆ ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝
%Á„_ÁC XÁ]„Tˆ %ÁÃ[˝êˆ Eı„Ã[˝‰ªK˜ [˝„_ ]„X c˜Ã^*
=: That is very good. CFÁ„XcÕ `Ã[˝›Ã[˝ Y“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝ Ã[˝÷YÁ‹ôˆÃ[˝ %ÁÃ[˝êˆ c˜Ã^*
26.10.34
*
[˝ÁW˝Á Tˆ ◊[˝„`b ◊EıªK«˜ XÃ^, ]ÁX«„bÃ[˝ [˝◊c˜fY“E ı◊Tˆ„Tˆ ^Á UÁ„Eı TˆÁcÕ --- Âam„_Á
]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ `◊N˛Ã[˝ working •ÁÃ[˝Á y‘„] y‘„] V…Ã[˝›E ıTˆ c˜„[˝* TˆÁÃ[˝ LXÓ ◊ªJÙ◊‹ôˆTˆ [˝Á
V«f◊FTˆ c˜[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÂEıÁX EıÁÃ[˝S XÁcÕ*
12.11.34
*
cg˜ÓÁ, ^Á [˝_ªK˜ TˆÁ aTˆÓcÕ* [˝◊c˜‰∏JÙTˆXÁ %p˚ÁX]Ã^, ^Á %Á„a =YÃ[˝ ÂU„Eı

TˆÁÃ[˝ Â^X AEıªRÙOÁ \«ˆ_ transcription, Â^X \«ˆ_ XEı_ [˝Á \«ˆ_ %X«[˝ÁV EıÃ[˝„Tˆ
ªJÙÁÃ^, ◊X„LÃ[˝ ]Tˆ GQÕˆ„Tˆ ªJÙÁÃ^, ◊X„LÃ[˝ Eı◊îTˆ Â\ˆÁG [˝Á [˝Á◊c˜ÓEı aÁUÔEıTˆÁ [˝Á
%c˜e\ˆÁ„[˝Ã[˝ T ˆ◊äÃ[˝ ◊V„Eı ◊ZıÃ[˝Á„Tˆ ÊªJÙrÙÁ Eı„Ã[˝* AcÕ c˜‰¨K˜ ]ÁX[˝ÿëˆ\ˆÁ„[˝Ã[˝ V«[[˝Ô_TˆÁ*
\ˆG[˝ÁX„Eı \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ LXÓcÕ ªJÙÁcÕ„Tˆ c˜Ã^, ◊X„LÃ[˝ ªJÙ◊Ã[˝TˆÁUÔTˆÁÃ[˝ LXÓ XÃ^* ^FX
psychic being ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ a[˝_ c˜Ã^, TˆFX AcÕ a[˝ [˝◊c˜fY“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝ ÂVÁb Eı„]
Â^„Tˆ Â^„Tˆ Â`„b ◊X∂ˆÇÔ_ c˜„Ã^ ^ÁÃ^*
(1934)
*
%p˚ÁX %c˜eEıÁÃ[˝ C [˝ÁaXÁcÕ c˜‰¨K˜ [˝ÁW˝Á --- ]XY“ÁS„Vc˜ ^◊V >àùÔ˘ÎªJÙTˆ„XÓÃ[˝

%ÁW˝ÁÃ[˝ c˜Ã^, TˆÁ c˜„_ AcÕ \ˆÁG[˝Tˆ ÂLÓÁ◊Tˆ `Ã[˝›„Ã[˝ XÁ]„Tˆ YÁÃ[˝„[˝*
8.1.35
*
=Y„Ã[˝Ã[˝ AcÕ LGd c˜‰¨K˜ >àùÔ˘ÎªJÙTˆ„XÓÃ[˝ \…ˆ◊] (plane), %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ Â^ÁGaÁW˝XÁ

•ÁÃ[˝Á XÁ◊]„Tˆ‰ªK˜* YÁ◊UÔ[˝ LGd %ÁLEıÁ_ ◊[˝„Ã[˝ÁW˝› Y“ÁSLG„TˆÃ[˝ TˆÁâ¯[˝ X „TˆÓ Y…SÔ
C W[˝e„aÁXΩ∆F*
8.1.35
*
◊X‰∂oˆÃ[˝ Y“ÁS C ]…_ÁW˝ÁÃ[˝cÕ Sex ImpulseAÃ[˝ ÿöˆÁX* G_ÁÃ[˝ X›‰ªJÙ Ã[˝„Ã^‰ªK˜

vital mind AÃ[˝ ÿöˆÁX* %UÔÁd ^FX ◊X‰∂oˆ sex impulse c˜Ã^, TˆFX vital
mindA TˆÁÃ[˝cÕ (sex impulseAÃ[˝) ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ [˝Á ÂEıÁXC mental Ã[˝÷Y a ◊rÙ c˜[˝ÁÃ[˝
ÊªJÙrÙÁ c˜Ã^, TˆÁ„Tˆ ]„XÃ[˝ ÂGÁ_]Á_ c˜„Ã^ ^ÁÃ^*
15.1.35
*
Â[˝ÁW ˝c˜Ã^ [˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝Ã[˝ &`Ô ÂY„Ã^ AcÕ a[˝ c˜„Ã^‰ªK˜* AFX AcÕ a[˝ Y“Á„SÃ[˝
ÂGÁ_]Á_ Eı„ÃÊıL„XÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó [˝ÁÃ[˝ [˝ÁÃ[˝ c˜‰¨K˜* AEı LX ÂU„Eı ◊G„Ã^ %ÁÃ[˝ AEı
L„XÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó ^Á‰¨K˜ AEıªRÙOÁ ÂÃ[˝Á„GÃ[˝ ]Tˆ* ◊[˝„`b AcÕ \ˆÁ[˝ Â^ %Á◊] ]Ã[˝[˝, %Á◊]
AcÕ `Ã[˝›Ã[˝ Ã[˝ÁF[˝ XÁ, AcÕ `Ã[˝›„Ã[˝ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ Â^ÁGaÁW˝XÁ c˜„[˝ XÁ, AªRÙOÁcÕ Y“[˝_*
%UªJÙ, AcÕ ÂVc˜ TˆÓÁG Eı„Ã[˝ %XÓ ÂVc˜ c˜„Tˆ ◊[˝XÁ [˝ÁW˝ÁÃ^ Â^ÁG◊aà˘ c˜[˝, AcÕ W˝ÁÃ[˝SÁ
%TˆÓ‹ôˆ ◊]UÓÁ* AcÕ \ˆÁ„[˝ ÂVc˜ TˆÓÁG EıÃ[˝„_ YÃ[˝ L„XΩ [˝Ã[˝e %ÁÃ[˝C [˝ÁW˝Á c˜„[˝
%ÁÃ[˝ ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ a„Ü a∂ëˆµ˘ UÁEı„[˝cÕ XÁ* AcÕ a[˝ c˜‰¨K˜ ◊[˝Ã[˝”à˘ `◊N˛Ã[˝ %Áy‘]S,
TˆÁ[Ã ˝ =„Å`Ó aÁW˝Eı„VÃ[˝ aÁW˝XÁ Â\ˆ„I¯ ◊V„Tˆ, ]Á„Ã^[Ã ˝ `Ã[˝›[Ã ˝„Eı Â\ˆ„I¯ ◊V„Tˆ, %Á`“]„Eı
%ÁÃ[˝ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ EıÁL„Eı Â\ˆ„I¯ ◊V„Tˆ* T«ˆ◊] aÁ[˝W˝ÁX c˜„Ã^ UÁEı, AcÕ a[˝ ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝
]„W˝Ó ªR«ÙEı„Tˆ ◊V„Ã^Á XÁ*
[˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝Ã[˝ Â_ÁEı %Á]Á„Eı `ÁaX Eı‰¨K˜¤, %Á]ÁÃ[˝ F«[˝ Â_„G‰ªK˜, %Á◊] ]„Ã[˝ ^Á[˝,
A c˜‰¨K˜ Y“Á„SÃ[˝ %c˜eEıÁ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ EıUÁ, aÁW˝„EıÃ[˝ EıUÁ XÃ^* %Á◊] ÂTˆÁ]Á„Eı aTÊÔı
Eı„Ã[˝◊ªK˜, %c˜eEıÁÃ[˝„Eı ÿöˆÁX ◊V„Ã^Á XÁ* ÂEıc˜ ^◊V ÂEıÁX EıUÁ [˝„_, %◊[˝ªJÙ◊_Tˆ c˜„Ã^
`Á‹ôâ] ◊XÃ[˝c˜eEıÁÃ[˝ \ˆÁ„[˝ UÁEı, ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ a„Ü ^«N˛ Ã[˝„Ã^*
27.1.35
*
a…„^ÔÓÃ[˝ %„XEı Ã[˝÷Y %Á‰ªK˜, %„XEı [˝„SÔÃ[˝ %Á„_ÁÃ[˝ a…^ÔÓ* Â^]X _Á_, ÂTˆ]XcÕ
◊c˜Ã[˝SΩÃ^, X›_, a[˝«L cÕTˆÓÁ◊V*
29.1.35
*
AcÕÃ[˝÷Y ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ ]„W˝Ó ◊]„` ^ÁCÃ^ÁcÕ Y“E ıTˆ ]«◊N˛Ã[˝ _l˘S*

31.1.35
*
AcÕÃ[˝÷Y `Ã[˝›„Ã[˝ ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ %Á„_Á \ˆ„Ã[˝ ÂG„_, physical ÊªJÙTˆXÁÃ[˝ Ã[˝÷YÁ‹ôˆÃ[˝

aêˆ[˝ c˜Ã^*
31.1.35
*
It is very good. ◊XV–ÁÃ[˝ a]„Ã^ ÊªJÙTˆXÁ ÿôˆ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ Y„Ã[˝ ÿôˆ„Ã[˝ ^ÁÃ^* LG„TˆÃ[˝
YÃ[˝ LG„Tˆ --- Â^]X LGd, ÂTˆ]X ÿëˆY¬ ÂV„F* FÁÃ[˝ÁY ÿëˆY¬ Y“Á„SÃ[˝ LG„TˆÃ[˝
Eı„ÃÊıªRÙO› Y“„V„`Ã[˝ V `Ó C HªRÙOXÁ ]Áy --- %ÁÃ[˝ ◊EıªK«˜ XÃ^*
2.2.35
*
X: ]Á, %ÁL V«cÕ ◊VX ^Á[˝d Y“SÁ] c˜„Tˆ %Áa[˝ÁÃ[˝ YÃ[˝ Â^X %XÓ Ã[˝Eı] %[˝ÿöˆÁ
c˜Ã^, ◊EıªK«˜„TˆcÕ \ˆÁ_ _Á„G XÁ* ÂEıÁUÁÃ^ ^Á[˝, ÂEıÁUÁÃ^ ÂG„_ ]Á„Eı \ˆG[˝ÁX„Eı
YÁ[˝, `Á◊‹ôˆ %ÁX≥V YÁ[˝ C EıFX ◊X„L„Eı ]Á„Eı ÂVCÃ^Á c˜„[˝ AcÕÃ[˝÷Y \ˆÁ[˝ c˜Ã^*
=: AcÕ %[˝ÿöˆÁ„Eı ªR«ÙEı„Tˆ ÂV„[˝ XÁ --- AcÕ %[˝ÿöˆÁcÕ %„XEıL„XÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó ªR«Ù„Eı
TˆÁ„VÃ[˝ aÁW˝XÁÃ[˝ ◊[˝b] [˝ÓÁHÁTˆ a ◊rÙ Eı„Ã[˝‰ªK˜ --- TˆÁ„Tˆ ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ =YÃ[˝ %a„‹ôˆÁb,
%◊ÿöˆ[Ã ˝ Jª Ùá˚_TˆÁ, Jª Ù„_ ^Á[˝Á[Ã ˝ c˜Ö K˜Á, ]Ã[˝[˝Á[Ã ˝ c˜Ö K˜Á, ÿoˆÁ^Ã ◊[˝Eı V«[[˝_Ô TˆÁ c˜TO ˆÓÁ◊V ÊªRÙÁ„Eı*
Â^ AEı TˆÁ]◊aEı `◊N˛ %Á`“„] H«Ã[˝‰ªK˜ EıÁ„Eı W˝Ã[˝[˝ Fg«„L, ÂacÕ `◊N˛ AcÕ a[˝
%p˚Á„XÃ[˝ \ˆÁ[˝ ªR«Ù◊Eı„Ã^ ÂVÃ^, Ca[˝ feelingAÃ[˝ ]ÁUÁ]«â¯ ÂXcÕ --- ]Á„Eı ÊªK˜‰QÕˆ
ÂEıÁUÁÃ^ ◊G„Ã^ ]Á„Eı YÁ„[˝, `Á◊‹ôˆ %ÁX≥V YÁ„[˝* AEı ]«c…˜wÔ¯EıÁ_ AcÕ a[˝„Eı ÿöˆÁX
◊V„Ã^Á XÁ*
22.4.35
*
aÁY c˜‰¨K˜ Y“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝ `◊N˛ --- ]…_ÁW˝ÁÃ[˝ (physical centre) TˆÁÃ[˝ AEıªRÙO›
Y“W˝ÁX ÿöˆÁX --- ÂaFÁ„X E«ıâ¯◊_Tˆ %[˝ÿöˆÁÃ^ a«ä c˜„Ã^ UÁ„Eı* ^FX aÁW˝XÁ •ÁÃ[˝Á
LÁG–Tˆ c˜Ã^, TˆFX =Y„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ◊V„Eı C‰Pˆ a„TˆÓÃ[˝ a„Ü ^«N˛ c˜[˝ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ* ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝
`◊N˛Ã[˝ %[˝TˆÃ[˝„S Âa AÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó ÿëˆSÔ]Ã^ c˜„Ã^‰ªK˜, %UÔÁd \ˆÁG[˝Tˆ a„TˆÓÃ[˝ %Á„_ÁÃ^
\ˆÃ[˝Á*
25.4.35
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XÁ A EıîXÁ [˝Á ◊]UÓÁ XÃ^ --- =Y„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ]◊≥VÃ[˝ >àùÔ˘ ÊªJÙTˆXÁÃ[˝, X›‰ªJÙÃ[˝ ]◊≥VÃ[˝
AcÕ ]X Y“ÁS `Ã[˝›„Ã[˝Ã[˝ Ã[˝÷YÁ‹ôˆ◊Ã[˝Tˆ ÊªJÙTˆXÁ --- ]Á X›‰ªJÙ ÂX„] AcÕ ]◊≥VÃ[˝ a ◊rÙ
Eı„Ã[˝‰ªK˜X %ÁÃ[˝ ÂaFÁX ÂU„Eı a„TˆÓÃ[˝ Y“\ˆÁ[˝ a[[˝Ôy ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó ◊[˝ÿôˆÁÃ[˝ Eı‰¨K˜¤X*
26.4.35
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X: ]Á, %Á◊] ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ YÁ„Ã^Ã[˝ EıÁ‰ªK˜ ◊EıªK«˜ ÂV◊F XÁ C %X«\ˆ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝ XÁ ÂEıX,
a[˝ ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ ÂEıÁ_ c˜„Tˆ %ÁÃ[˝ [˝«Eı c˜„Tˆ %X«\ˆ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝ ÂEıX?
=: TˆÁ Y“ÁÃ^ aEı„_Ã[˝cÕ c˜Ã^ --- [˝«Eı ÂU„EıcÕ ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ a ◊rÙ `◊N˛ [˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝ A„a
aEı„_Ã[˝ ]„W˝Ó ◊X„LÃ[˝ EıÁL Eı„Ã[˝* %ÁÃ[˝ a[˝ ÿöˆÁX c˜„TˆC Eı„Ã[˝, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ [˝«„EıcÕ
ÂEı≥V–›E ıTˆ*
26.4.35
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aÁW˝XÁ Tˆ ]Á„Eı feel EıÃ[˝Á EıÁ‰ªK˜ C ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝, ]Á a[˝ Eı‰¨K˜X [˝„_ %X«\ˆ[˝
EıÃ[˝Á, ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ a[˝ ◊L◊Xa ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ receive EıÃ[˝Á* AcÕ %[˝ÿöˆÁ UÁEı„_ YQÕˆÁ„Tˆ
]X ◊V„_ ÂEıÁX l˘◊Tˆ c˜„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ XÁ*
29.4.35
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]Á ÂTˆÁ]Á„Eı ªJÙÁX %ÁÃ[˝ T«ˆ◊] ]Á„Eı ªJÙÁC* ]Á„Eı T«ˆ◊] YÁ¨K˜ A[˝e %ÁÃ[˝C
YÁ„[˝* Tˆ„[˝ c˜^Ã Tˆ ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ physical consciousnessA AEıªRÙÁO %ÁEıÁIl˘Á %Áa„Tˆ
YÁ„Ã[˝ ]Á„Mı ]Á„Mı Â^ ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ [˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝Ã[˝ H◊Xúˆ a∂ëˆµ˘ `ÁÃ[˝›◊Ã[˝Eı aÁ◊~W˝Ó cÕTˆÓÁ◊V
UÁEıÁ ªJÙÁcÕ* ]Á Ca[˝ ◊V‰¨K˜X XÁ ÂEıX, ]Á c˜Ã^Tˆ %Á]Á„Eı ªJÙÁX XÁ* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ L›[˝„XÃ[˝
C aÁW˝XÁÃ[˝ AcÕ %[˝ÿöˆÁÃ^ TˆÁc˜Á c˜„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ XÁ* A]X ◊Eı ]Á TˆÁc˜Á ◊V„_ aÁW˝Eı
TˆÁ„Tˆ ]L„[˝ %ÁÃ[˝ ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ %Áa_ aÁW˝XÁ C Ã[˝÷YÁ‹ôˆÃ[˝ c˜„[˝ XÁ* ªJÙÁcÕ ]ÁÃ[˝ a„Ü
◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ H◊Xúˆ a∂ëˆµ˘ aÁ◊~W˝Ó A[˝e ªJÙÁcÕ Ã[˝÷YÁ‹ôˆÃ[˝ --- [˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ]X Y“ÁS ÂVc˜
Y^ÔÓ‹ôˆ TˆÁc˜Á a+…SÔ\ˆÁ„[˝ %X«\…ˆ◊Tˆ EıÃ[˝„[˝ C Ã[˝÷YÁ‹ôˆÃ[˝ c˜„[˝* cÕc˜ÁcÕ ]„X ÂÃ[˝„F
ªJÙ_*
17.5.35
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X: ]Á„Mı ]Á„Mı ]„X c˜Ã^ Â^ a]ÿôˆ aw¯Á F«„_ EgıÁV„_ %„XEı Y◊Ã[˝[˝wÔ¯X c˜„[˝*
]Á, %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ◊Eı ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ AFX EgıÁVÁÃ[˝ VÃ[˝EıÁÃ[˝?
=: EıÁ~Á ^◊V psychic beingAÃ[˝ c˜Ã^, FgÁ◊ªRÙO ªJÙÁCÃ^ÁÃ[˝ [˝Á FgÁ◊ªRÙO psychic
\ˆÁ„[˝Ã[˝ EıÁ~Á, TˆÁ c˜„_ ÂacÕ Zı_ c˜„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝* Vital V«f„FÃ[˝ [˝Á [˝ÁaXÁÃ[˝ [˝Á
◊XÃ[˝Á`ÁÃ[˝ EıÁ~ÁÃ^ Â_ÁEıaÁXcÕ c˜Ã^*
17.5.35
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%Á◊] A EıUÁ Tˆ %„XEı[˝ÁÃ[˝ ◊_„F◊ªK˜ ]ÁX«„bÃ[˝ [˝Á◊c˜Ã[˝ ÊªJÙTˆXÁÃ[˝ Y…SÔ Ã[˝÷YÁ‹ôˆÃ[˝

EıÃ[˝Á %î a]„Ã^ c˜Ã^ XÁ* \ˆÁG[˝Tˆ `◊N˛ ÂaªRÙOÁ„Eı %Á‰ÿôˆ %Á‰ÿôˆ [˝V◊_„Ã^ ÂVÃ^
--- ^Á„Tˆ Â`„b ÂEıÁX ZgıÁEı UÁ„Eı XÁ, ÂEıÁX l«˘V–Tˆ] %e„`C ◊X∂oˆ Y“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝ ÂEıÁX
Y«Ã[˝ÁTˆX G◊Tˆ XÁ UÁ„Eı* ÂaL„XÓ %ÍW˝^ÔÓ [˝Á haste EıÃ[˝„Tˆ XÁcÕ* £W˝« a[˝„Eı
Â^X a]◊YÔTˆ c˜Ã^, ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ EıÁ‰ªK˜ open c˜Ã^, TˆÁc˜ÁcÕ ÂVF„Tˆ c˜Ã^* %ÁÃ[˝ a[˝ %Á‰ÿôˆ
%Á‰ÿôˆ ◊PÊı c˜„Ã^ ^Á„[˝*
1.6.35
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X: ...a[˝ a]Ã^ AEıcÕ %[˝ÿöˆÁ ---- `Á‹ôˆ X›Ã[˝[˝ C %ÁX◊≥VTˆ --- EıÁ„L Eı„]Ô
ªJÙ_ÁÃ^ ÂZıÃ[˝ÁÃ^ [˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝ %‹ôˆ„Ã[˝*
=: cÕc˜Á F«[˝ \ˆÁ_ --- Y…SÔ a]TˆÁ C %Áa_ p˚Á„XÃ[˝ %[˝ÿöˆÁ --- ^FX cÕc˜Á
ÿöˆÁÃ^› c˜Ã^, TˆFX aÁW˝XÁ„Eı V ªRÕÙ\ˆÁ„[˝ Y“◊Tˆ◊úˆTˆ [˝_Á ^ÁÃ^*
7.6.35
*
]…_ÁW˝Á„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ÿëˆSÔ aYÔ --- Ã[˝÷YÁ‹ôˆ◊Ã[˝Tˆ aTˆÓ]Ã^ `Ã[˝›Ã[˝‰ªJÙTˆXÁÃ[˝ Y“Tˆ›Eı*

13.6.35
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T«ˆ◊] ^◊V ◊\ˆTˆ„[Ã ˝ `Á‹ôˆ C a]◊YÔTˆ c˜„^Ã UÁEı, TˆÁc˜„_ [˝ÁW˝Á◊[˝H¬ c˜TO ˆÓÁ◊V ÂTˆÁ]Á„Eı
◊[˝ªJÙ◊_Tˆ EıÃ[˝„[˝ XÁ* %`Á◊‹ôˆ ªJÙá˚_TˆÁ %ÁÃ[˝ ""ÂEıX c˜‰¨K˜ XÁ, Eı„[˝ c˜„[˝'' AcÕ \ˆÁ[˝
ªR«ÙEı„Tˆ ◊V„_ [˝ÁW˝Á◊[˝H¬ ÂLÁÃ[˝ YÁÃ^* T«ˆ◊] [˝ÁW˝Á◊[˝‰H¬Ã[˝ ◊V„Eı %Tˆ XLÃ[˝ VÁC ÂEıX?
]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ ◊V„Eı ªJÙÁC* ◊X„LÃ[˝ ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ `Á‹ôˆ a]◊YÔTˆ c˜„Ã^ UÁEı* ◊X∂oˆY“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝ ÊªK˜ÁªRÙO
ÊªK˜ÁªRÙO defect ac˜„L ^ÁÃ^ XÁ* TˆÁ ◊X„Ã^ ◊[˝ªJÙ◊_Tˆ c˜CÃ^Á [˝ UÁ* ]ÁÃ[˝ `◊N˛ ^FX
a]ÿôˆ aw¯Á %[˝‰ªJÙTˆXÁ Y^ÔÓ‹ôˆ a+…SÔ VF_ EıÃ[˝„[˝ TˆFX c˜„[˝ --- TˆÁ„Tˆ ^◊V
%„XEı◊VX _Á„G TˆÁ c˜„_C l˘◊Tˆ XÁcÕ* a+…SÔ Ã[˝÷YÁ‹ôˆ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ LXÓ %„XEı a]„Ã^Ã[˝
VÃ[˝EıÁÃ[˝*
19.6.35
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=YÃ[˝ F«[˝ [˝QÕˆ AEıªRÙO› Â^ %Á‰ªK˜, Âa >àùÔ˘‰ªJÙTˆXÁÃ[˝ %a›] ◊[˝`Á_TˆÁ* T«ˆ◊]

Â^ %X«\ˆ[˝ Eı¨K˜¤ Â^ ]ÁUÁ Â^ H«„Ã[˝ H«„Ã[˝ ÂX„] %Á„a Âa Tˆ ÿöˆ…_ ]ÁUÁ %[˝`Ó
XÃ^ ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ]X[˝«◊à˘* Âa CcÕ ◊[˝`Á_TˆÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó =‰Pˆ ÂacÕ\ˆÁ„[˝ XÁ„]*
22.6.35
*
EıTˆV…Ã[˝ A„a◊ªK˜, %ÁÃ[˝ EıTˆV…Ã[˝ AcÕ a[˝ Y“‰`¬„Tˆ ◊[˝„`b ÂEıÁXC _Á\ˆ XÁcÕ*
]Á„Eı EıÁâ¯ÁÃ[˝› Eı„Ã[˝ ÊÿÉˆÁ„Tˆ A◊G„Ã^ ªJÙ_, ◊Tˆ◊X ÂTˆÁ]Á„Eı G‹ôˆ[˝Ó ÿöˆÁ„X Yßg◊ªK˜„Ã^
◊V„[˝X*
25.6.35
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]ÁUÁÃ[˝ =Y„Ã[˝ AEıªRÙO› Y≤ø %Á‰ªK˜, Âa c˜‰¨K˜ CcÕ >àùÔ˘‰ªJÙTˆXÁÃ[˝ ÂEı≥V–, Âa

Y≤øcÕ c˜Ã^Tˆ Z«ıªRÙO„Tˆ ªJÙÁÃ^*
24.8.35
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]ÁUÁÃ[˝ =Y„Ã[˝cÕ %Á‰ªK˜ >àùÔ˘‰ªJÙTˆXÁÃ[˝ ÿöˆÁX, ◊PÊı ]ÁUÁÃ[˝ =Y„Ã[˝ Âa %ÁÃ[˝êˆ c˜Ã^
%ÁÃ[˝ ÂaFÁX ÂU„Eı C‰Pˆ %ÁÃ[˝C =Y„Ã[˝ %X„‹ôˆ* ÂaFÁ„X Â^ ◊[˝`Á_ `Á◊‹ôˆ C
X›Ã[˝[˝TˆÁ %Á‰ªK˜ TˆÁÃ[˝cÕ pressure T«ˆ◊] %X«\ˆ[˝ EıÃ[˝* Âa `Á◊‹ôˆ C ÊªJÙTˆXÁ a]ÿôˆ
%ÁW˝Á„Ã[˝ XÁ[˝„Tˆ ªJÙÁÃ^*
24.8.35
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^FX ÊªJÙTˆXÁ ◊[˝`Á_ C ◊[˝`ü]Ã^ c˜Ã^ %ÁÃ[˝ a]ÿôˆ ◊[˝„`ücÕ ]Á„Eı ÂVFÁ ^ÁÃ^ TˆFX
%c˜e %ÁÃ[˝ UÁ„Eı XÁ, UÁ„Eı £W˝« ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ ÂEıÁ„_ ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ %Áa_ aw¯Á, ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝
a‹ôˆÁX ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ %e`*
24.8.35
*
V«fF ÂEıX YÁ¨K˜? ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ =YÃ[˝ ◊X\ˆ¤Ã[˝ Eı„Ã[˝ a]TˆÁ Ã[˝ÁF„_ V«fF YÁ[˝ÁÃ[˝ EıUÁ
XÁcÕ* ]ÁX«„bÃ[˝ EıÁ‰ªK˜ a«F C `Á◊‹ôˆ C %ÁX≥V YÁ[˝ÁÃ[˝ %Á`Á [˝ UÁ*
8.9.35
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T«ˆ◊]cÕ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ EıUÁ [˝«Mı„Tˆ YÁÃ[˝ ◊X* %Á◊] AEıUÁ [˝◊_ ◊X Â^ ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ %a«F
XÁcÕ, %Á◊] [˝„_◊ªK˜ Â^ Âa %a«F nervous ÿoˆÁÃ^«LÁTˆ* AEı Ã[˝Eı] [˝Vc˜L] %Á‰ªK˜
^Á„Eı QˆÁN˛Á„Ã[˝Ã[˝Á [˝„_ nervous dyspepsia ÿoˆÁÃ^«LÁTˆ %L›SÔ* Â^ a[˝ sen-
sation T«ˆ◊] %X«\ˆ[˝ Eı„Ã[˝ªK˜, G_ÁÃ^ ªK˜Á◊Tˆ„Tˆ FÁCÃ^Á CPˆÁ %ÁªRÙOEıÁX cÕTˆÓÁ◊V Âa
a[˝ CcÕ ÂÃ[˝Á„GÃ[˝ _l˘S, nervous sensation* A ÂÃ[˝ÁG„Eı aÁÃ[˝ÁX %„XEıªRÙOÁ
]„XÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ ◊X\ˆ¤Ã[˝ Eı„Ã[˝* ]X ^◊V ÂÃ[˝Á„GÃ[˝ suggestionA FÁÃ^ VÁÃ^, TˆÁc˜„_
%„XEı◊VX ◊ªRÙOEı„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝* ]X ^◊V Âa a[˝ suggestionÂEı Y“TˆÓÁFÓÁX Eı„Ã[˝,
Tˆ„[˝ aÁÃ[˝ÁX ac˜L c˜Ã^, ◊[˝„`b ^FX ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ `◊N˛ %Á‰ªK˜* %Á◊] TˆÁcÕ [˝„_◊ªK˜_Á]
[˝◊]Ã[˝ \ˆÁ[˝„Eı accept Eı„Ã[˝Á XÁ, ]Á„Eı QˆÁEı* %a«FªRÙO› Âa„Ã[˝ ^Á„[˝*
%Á◊] [˝ÁÃ[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ AEıªRÙO› EıUÁ ÂTˆÁ]Á„Eı ◊_„F◊ªK˜, Âa EıUÁªRÙO› \«ˆ„_ ^ÁC ÂEıX?
`Á‹ôˆ \ˆÁ„[˝ V ªRÕÙ \ˆÁ„[˝ ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ =YÃ[˝ a+…SÔ ◊X\ˆ¤Ã[˝ Eı„Ã[˝ Y„U Am„Tˆ c˜„[˝* %ÍW˝^ÔÓ,
ªJÙá˚_TˆÁ„Eı ÿöˆÁX ÂV„[˝ [XÁ], a]Ã^ _ÁG„_ [˝ÁW˝Á A„_C ◊[˝ªJÙ◊_Tˆ %W˝›Ã[˝ [˝Á =◊•G¬
XÁ c˜„Ã^ ªJÙ_„Tˆ c˜„[˝* %W˝›Ã[˝ c˜„_, %◊ÿöˆÃ[˝ =◊•G¬ c˜„_ [˝ÁW˝Á Â[˝‰QÕˆ ^ÁÃ^, %Á„Ã[˝Á
◊[˝_∂ëˆ c˜Ã^* A EıUÁªªRÙO› a[[˝ÔVÁ ]„X ÂÃ[˝„F aÁW˝XÁ EıÃ[˝*
A„Eı[˝Á„Ã[˝ XÁ ÂF„Ã^ UÁEı„Tˆ XÁcÕ --- TˆÁ„Tˆ V«[[˝Ô_TˆÁ [˝Á‰QÕˆ, V«[[˝Ô_TˆÁ [˝ÁQÕˆ„_
%a«F ◊ªRÙOEı[˝ÁÃ[˝ EıUÁ* ◊XVÁX V«W˝ Tˆ ÂF„TˆcÕ c˜Ã^ %ÁÃ[˝ ^◊V YÁÃ[˝ Tˆ aÁW˝ÁÃ[˝S FÁCÃ^ÁÃ^
%Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÂYªRÙO„Eı %\ˆÓÿôˆ EıÃ[˝„Tˆ c˜Ã^* ]Á [˝„_‰ªK˜ yellow Eı_Á ◊V„Tˆ, lithineC
FÁCÃ^Á \ˆÁ_*
A ÂÃ[˝Á„G Ê ı„TˆÃ[˝ disturbances c˜„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝* ÂF„_cÕ AEıªªR«ÙO Y„Ã[˝ [˝◊]Ã[˝
\ˆÁ[˝ c˜CÃ^Á* AªRÙOÁ nervous dyspepsia˝Ã[˝ _l˘S*
10.9.35
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=\ˆÃ^ Ã[˝Eı] EıÃ[˝Á Ê`“úˆ* ^◊V V…„Ã[˝ ÂU„Eı £W˝« aÁW˝XÁ EıÃ[˝Á aêˆ[˝ c˜Tˆ, TˆÁ
c˜„_ TˆÁcÕ a[[˝Ô‰`“úˆ c˜Tˆ, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ TˆÁ a[˝ a]Ã^ EıÃ[˝Á ^ÁÃ^ XÁ* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ %Áa_ EıUÁ
AcÕ Â^ psychicAÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ V ªRÕÙ ÿöˆÁX [˝Á ◊XÃ[˝ÁYV V«GÔ Eı„Ã[˝ aÁW˝XÁ EıÃ[˝„Tˆ
c˜Ã^ --- %UÔÁd ◊ÿöˆÃ[˝ W˝›Ã[˝\ˆÁ„[˝ ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ =YÃ[˝ ◊X\ˆ¤Ã[˝ EıÃ[˝Á, %W˝›Ã[˝ XÁ c˜„Ã^ Y“a~
◊ªJÙ„w¯ ªJÙ_Á* T«ˆ◊] ^Á [˝_ªK˜, TˆÁ aTˆÓ --- AcÕ ÊªK˜ÁªRÙO ÊªK˜ÁªRÙO %a+…SÔTˆÁ cÕTˆÓÁ◊VcÕ
AFX %Áa_ %‹ôˆÃ[˝ÁÃ^ [˝QÕˆ [˝ÁW˝ÁÃ[˝ ÊªJÙ„Ã^* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ Am„_Á %Á‰ÿôˆ %Á‰ÿôˆ [˝ÁÃ[˝ EıÃ[˝„Tˆ
c˜Ã^, %a+…SÔTˆÁ„Eı Y…SÔTˆÁÃ^ Ã[˝÷YÁ‹ôˆ◊Ã[˝Tˆ EıÃ[˝„Tˆ c˜Ã^, c˜PˆÁd EıÃ[˝Á ^ÁÃ^ XÁ* %TÂ[˝
Âam„_Á ÂV„F V«f◊FTˆ [˝Á %W˝›Ã[˝ c˜„Tˆ XÁcÕ, ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ `◊N˛cÕ %Á‰ÿôˆ %Á‰ÿôˆ Âa EıÁL
Eı„Ã[˝ ÂZı_„[˝*
12.9.35
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Â^]X AcÕ aÁW˝XÁÃ^ ªJÙá˚_TˆÁ V…Ã[˝ EıÃ[˝„Tˆ c˜Ã^, V«fF„EıC ÿöˆÁX ◊V„Tˆ XÁcÕ*
]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ =YÃ[˝ ◊X\ˆ¤Ã[˝ Eı„Ã[˝ ◊ÿöˆÃ[˝ ◊ªJÙ„w¯ `Á‹ôˆ Y“a~ ]„X Am„Tˆ c˜Ã^* ^◊V ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝
=YÃ[˝ ◊X\ˆ¤Ã[˝ UÁ„Eı, TˆÁc˜„_ V«f„FÃ[˝ ÿöˆÁX ÂEıÁUÁÃ^* ]Á V…„Ã[˝ XX, a[[˝ÔVÁ EıÁ‰ªK˜cÕ
UÁ„EıX, Âa p˚ÁX Âa ◊[˝`üÁa a[˝ a]Ã^ Ã[˝ÁF„Tˆ c˜Ã^*
17.9.35
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TˆÁ„Tˆ [˝Óÿôˆ c˜„Ã^Á XÁ* a[˝ a]„Ã^ ÊªJÙrÙÁ Eı„Ã[˝ ]„X Ã[˝ÁFÁ ac˜L XÃ^ --- ^FX
]Á„Ã^[Ã ˝ presenceA a]ÿôˆ %ÁW˝Á„Ã[˝ \ˆ„Ã[˝ ^Á„[˝, TˆFX ÂacÕ ÿˆÇÃ[˝S %ÁY◊XcÕ UÁEı„[˝,
\«ˆ„_ ^Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ Â^Á UÁEı„[˝ XÁ*
23.9.35
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^Á feel EıÃ[˝ªK˜ TˆÁc˜Á aTˆÓcÕ --- cÕc˜ÁcÕ ]ÁX«„bÃ[˝ [˝ÁW˝Á V«fF C %[˝X◊TˆÃ[˝ EıÁÃ[˝S*
]ÁX«b ◊X„LcÕ ◊X„LÃ[˝ %£\ˆ a ◊rÙ Eı„Ã[˝, aÁÃ^ ÂVÃ^, %ÁgEı‰QÕˆ W˝„Ã[˝*
26.9.35
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^◊V G\ˆ›Ã[˝ c˜÷V„Ã^Ã[˝ (psychicAÃ[˝) YU W˝Ã[˝, ]ÁÃ[˝ ÂEıÁ„_ ◊`£Ã[˝ ]Tˆ UÁEı,
TˆÁ c˜„_ AcÕ a[˝ sex impulse cÕTˆÓÁ◊V %Áy‘]S Eı„Ã[˝C ◊EıªK«˜ EıÃ[˝„Tˆ YÁÃ[˝„[˝
XÁ, Â`„b %ÁÃ[˝ %Áa„TˆC YÁÃ[˝„[˝ XÁ*

30.9.35
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^◊V ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ =YÃ[˝ £à˘ ÊY“] C \ˆ◊N˛ UÁ„Eı, ◊X\ˆ¤Ã[˝ UÁ„Eı, TˆÁ c˜„_ ]Á„Eı
YÁCÃ^Á ^ÁÃ^, XÁ UÁEı„_ Tˆ›[˝– ÊªJÙrÙÁ •ÁÃ[˝ÁC YÁCÃ^Á ^ÁÃ^ XÁ*
2.10.35
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A a[˝ c˜‰¨K˜ [˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝Ã[˝ Y“E ı◊Tˆ ^Á aÁW˝„EıÃ[˝ ªJÙÁ◊Ã[˝◊V„Eı ÂHÁ„Ã[˝ Y“„[˝` EıÃ[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝

LXÓ* ◊X„LÃ[˝ ]X Y“ÁS ÂVc˜ AcÕ [˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝Ã[˝ Y“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝ Eı[˝„_ UÁEı„_ ÂacÕÃ[˝÷Y YÅ¤Á
c˜Ã^ [˝‰ªRÙO, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ =YÃ[˝ ◊X\ˆ¤Ã[˝ EıÃ[˝„_, ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ a„Ü ^«N˛ UÁEı„_, ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝
`◊N˛ Âa YÅ¤Á a◊Ã[˝„Ã^ ]X Y“ÁS ÂVc˜ ÊªJÙTˆXÁ„Eı ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ ^„‹óˆ Y◊Ã[˝STˆ EıÃ[˝„[˝*
2.10.35
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`Ã[˝›„Ã[˝ ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ `◊N˛ ÂQˆ„Eı A a[˝ [˝ÓUÁ C %a«F„[˝ÁW˝ TˆÁQÕˆÁ„Tˆ c˜„[˝*

9.10.35
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Yes, this is the true psychic attitude. Â^ AcÕ \ˆÁ[˝ªRÙO› Ã[˝ÁF„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝
a[˝ a]„Ã^, a[˝ HªRÙOXÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó, Âa G‹ôˆ[˝Ó Y„U ÂaÁLÁ ªJÙ„_ ^ÁÃ^*
11.10.35
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]ÁX«„bÃ[˝ ]XcÕ %◊[˝`Áü a EıîXÁ, \«ˆ_ ◊ªJÙ‹ˆô Á^Ã , %`“à˘Á^Ã \ˆ[Ã ˝Á, %p˚Á„X C V«f„FC
\ˆÃ[˝Á* Âa %p˚ÁXcÕ Âa %`“à˘ÁÃ[˝ EıÁÃ[˝S, Âa V«f„FÃ[˝ =da* ]ÁX«„bÃ[˝ [˝«◊à˘ %p˚Á„XÃ[˝
^‹óˆ; Y“ÁÃ^cÕ \«ˆ_ ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ \«ˆ_ W˝ÁÃ[˝SÁ %Á„a, %UªJÙ Âa ]„X Eı„Ã[˝ %Á]ÁÃ[˝cÕ ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ
aTˆÓ* TˆÁÃ[˝ ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁÃ^ \«ˆ_ %Á‰ªK˜ ◊Eı XÁcÕ %ÁÃ[˝ \«ˆ_ ÂEıÁUÁÃ^ TˆÁ ÂV„F ◊[˝„[˝ªJÙXÁ
EıÃ[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÈW˝^ÔÓ TˆÁÃ[˝ XÁcÕ* A]X ◊Eı \«ˆ_ ÂVFÁ„_ %c˜eEıÁ„Ã[˝ _Á„G, Ây‘ÁW˝ c˜Ã^
[˝Á V«fF c˜Ã^, ÿëˆ›EıÁÃ[˝ EıÃ[˝„Tˆ ªJÙÁÃ^ XÁ* %UªJÙ %Y„Ã[˝Ã[˝ \«ˆ_ ÂVÁb ÂVFÁ„Tˆ YÁÃ[˝„_
TˆÁÃ[˝ F«[˝ T ˆ◊ä c˜Ã^* Y„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ◊X≥VÁ £X„_ aTˆÓ [˝„_ G–c˜S Eı„Ã[˝ %]XcÕ, EıTˆV…Ã[˝
aTˆÓ TˆÁ ◊[˝„[˝ªJÙXÁC Eı„Ã[˝ XÁ* AÃ[˝÷Y ]„XÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó `“à˘Á ◊[˝`üÁa ac˜„L c˜Ã^ XÁ*
ÂaLXÓ ]ÁX«„bÃ[˝ EıUÁ £X„Tˆ XÁcÕ, TˆÁÃ[˝ Y“\ˆÁ[˝ ◊X„LÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó G–c˜S EıÃ[˝„Tˆ XÁcÕ,
^◊V [[˝Á] £X„Tˆ c˜Ã^* %Áa_ EıUÁ ◊X„LÃ[˝ ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ ◊G„Ã^ psychic being„Eı
LÁGÁ„Tˆ c˜Ã^, TˆÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó ÂU„Eı %Á‰ÿôˆ %Á‰ÿôˆ aTˆÓ [˝«◊à˘ ]„X Â[˝‰QÕˆ ^ÁÃ^, aTˆÓ
\ˆÁ[˝ C feeling c˜÷V„Ã^ %Á„a, aTˆÓ ÊY“Ã[˝SÁ Y“Á„S =‰Pˆ, psychicAÃ[˝ %Á„_Á„Tˆ
]ÁX«b [˝ÿô«ˆ HªRÙOXÁ LG„TˆÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ X…TˆX V ◊rÙ Y‰QÕˆ, ]„XÃ[˝ %p˚ÁX C \«ˆ_ ÂVFÁ
\«ˆ_ ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ %◊[˝`üÁa %`“à˘Á %ÁÃ[˝ %Á„a XÁ*
22.10.35
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[ÂEı= "X'AÃ[˝ a„Ü %◊Tˆ`Ã^ V«[˝ÔÓ[˝c˜ÁÃ[˝ Eı„Ã[˝‰ªK˜]

AcÕ a]„Ã^ Y“ÁÃ^cÕ aÁW˝Eı„VÃ[˝ %c˜eEıÁÃ[˝ =‰Pˆ aÁW˝XÁÃ^ ÂHÁÃ[˝ %‹ôˆÃ[˝ÁÃ^ Eı‰¨K˜¤,
%„XEı„Eı %X«◊ªJÙTˆ [˝Ó[˝c˜ÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„Ã^ ◊V‰¨K˜* T«ˆ◊] ◊X„L %ªRÙO_ c˜„Ã^ ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ UÁEı,
TˆÁ„Eı ÿöˆÁX ◊V„Ã^Á XÁ*
23.10.35
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This is very good. AcÕ a[˝ %Áy‘]S ^◊V ªR«ÙEı„Tˆ XÁ YÁ„Ã[˝ [˝Á ªR«Ù„EıC
◊ªRÙOEı„Tˆ XÁ YÁ„Ã[˝, [˝«Mı„Tˆ c˜„[˝ Â^ outer beingAÃ[˝ ÊªJÙTˆXÁ LÁG–Tˆ c˜„Ã^‰ªK˜ %ÁÃ[˝
TˆÁÃ[˝ £◊à˘ %„XEıªRÙOÁ progress Eı„Ã[˝‰ªK˜*
27.10.35
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%Á±¡ÁcÕ AcÕÃ[˝÷Y %a›] ◊[˝Ã[˝ÁªRÙO cÕTˆÓÁ◊V, ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ]X Y“ÁS physical con-

sciousness ^FX a+…SÔÃ[˝÷„Y ÂFÁ„_ TˆÁÃ[˝ÁC TˆÁcÕ --- [˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ]X Y“ÁS ÂVc˜
£W˝« ^‹óˆ AcÕ LG„TˆÃ[˝ [˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝Ã[˝ Y“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝ a„Ü [˝Ó[˝c˜ÁÃ[˝ C ÂF_ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ* [˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝Ã[˝
]X Y“ÁS ÂVc˜C ^FX %Á„_Á]Ã^ ËªJÙTˆXÓ]Ã^ c˜Ã^ TˆFX TˆÁÃ[˝Á %ÁÃ[˝ a·¯›SÔ %Á[˝à˘
[˝„_ Â[˝ÁW˝ c˜Ã^ XÁ, TˆÁÃ[˝ÁC %X„‹ôˆÃ[˝ a„Ü ^«N˛ c˜„Ã^ ^ÁÃ^*
30.10.35
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^FX Physical consciousness Y“[˝_ c˜„Ã^ %ÁÃ[˝ aEı_„Eı ÊªRÙ„Eı a]ÿôˆ

ÿöˆÁX ªK˜◊QÕˆ„Ã^ UÁEı„Tˆ ÊªJÙrÙÁ Eı„Ã[˝, TˆFX AcÕ Ã[˝Eı] %[˝ÿöˆÁ c˜Ã^ --- EıÁÃ[˝S AcÕ
ÂVc˜‰ªJÙTˆXÁÃ[˝ ÿëˆTˆ‹óˆ Y“E ı◊Tˆ ^FX Y“EıÁ` c˜Ã^ TˆFX a[˝ Â[˝ÁW˝ c˜Ã^ LQÕˆ[˝à˘ Tˆ„]Á]Ã^,
p˚Á„XÃ[˝ Y“EıÁ` Ã[˝◊c˜Tˆ, `◊N˛Ã[˝ ÊY“Ã[˝SÁ Ã[˝◊c˜Tˆ* AcÕ %[˝ÿöˆÁ„Tˆ a∂ˆÇ◊Tˆ ÂV„[˝ XÁ
--- ^◊V %Á„a, ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ %Á„_Á C `◊N˛„Eı AcÕ ÂVc˜‰ªJÙTˆXÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó Y“„[˝` Eı„Ã[˝
%Á„_Á]Ã^ C `◊N˛]Ã^ EıÃ[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ L„XÓ ÂQˆ„Eı %ÁX„[˝*
30.10.35
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cg˜ÓÁ, FÁCÃ^Á \ˆÁ_ --- V«[[˝Ô_ c˜„Ã^ UÁEı„_ Tˆ„]Á]Ã^ %[˝ÿöˆÁ %Áa[˝ÁÃ[˝ aêˆÁ[˝XÁ
Â[˝`› c˜Ã^*
31.10.35
*
X: ]Á, ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ c˜„Ã^ £W˝« ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ L„XÓ EıÁL EıÃ[˝◊ªK˜* Eı %Á]ÁÃ[˝ a„Ü FÁÃ[˝ÁY
[˝Ó[˝c˜ÁÃ[˝ EıÃ[˝„_ %Á◊] X›Ã[˝[˝ C `Á‹ôˆ UÁ◊Eı* ...EıÁ„Ã[˝Á ÂEıÁX [˝Ó[˝c˜ÁÃ[˝, ÂEıÁX EıUÁ
%Á]Á„Eı ◊EıªK«˜ EıÃ[˝„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ XÁ*
=: EıÁ„LÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó AcÕ \ˆÁ[˝cÕ \ˆÁ_* a[˝ a]Ã^ Ã[˝ÁF„Tˆ c˜Ã^, TˆÁ„Tˆ EıÁ„L
]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ a„Ü ^«N˛ c˜CÃ^Á ac˜L c˜Ã^*
2.11.35
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TˆÁc˜ÁcÕ ªJÙÁcÕ --- c˜÷VÃ^Y≤ø a[[˝ÔVÁ ÂFÁ_Á, a]ÿôˆ nature c˜÷VÃ^ÿöˆ psychic
beingAÃ[˝ [˝` c˜CÃ^Á, A„TˆcÕ X[˝LXΩ c˜Ã^*
3.11.35
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X: %Á◊] %ÁLC ÂTˆÁ]Á c˜‰ªTˆ [˝ßV…„Ã[˝ %Á◊ªK˜ [˝„_ ÂEıX ]„X EıÃ[˝◊ªK˜, ]Á?
=: ÂEıX ]„X EıÃ[˝ªK˜? ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ physical mind„Eı [= •ÁÃ[˝Á] ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ inner
being„Eı ÊªRÙ„Eı ◊V„Tˆ allow EıÃ[˝ªK˜ [˝„_* ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ inner being %UÔÁd
psychic beingcÕ a[[˝ÔVÁcÕ %Á◊] ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ ◊`£ [˝„_ ◊X„L„Eı ÊªJÙ„X, ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝
EıÁ‰ªK˜, ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ ÂEıÁ„_ UÁ„Eı --- physical mind ÂacÕ EıUÁ \ˆÁ[˝„Tˆ ÂacÕ aTˆÓ
=Y_◊ç˘ EıÃ[˝„Tˆ ac˜„L YÁ„Ã[˝ XÁ* ÂacÕ LXÓ a[[˝ÔVÁ G\ˆ›„Ã[˝ psychicA UÁEı„Tˆ
c˜Ã^* ^Á ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ soul LÁ„X TˆÁ [˝Á◊c˜Ã[˝ ÂU„Eı physical mind ◊V„Ã^
ÂFgÁLÁ VÃ[˝EıÁÃ[˝ ◊Eı? ^FX [˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ]„X a+…SÔ %Á„_Á %Áa„[˝ TˆFX ÂaC
LÁX„[˝*
6.11.35
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cg˜ÓÁ, a]ÿôˆ aw¯Á„Eı (physical mind C physical vital Y^ÔÓ‹ôˆ) AEı◊V„EıcÕ

◊ZıÃ[˝Á„Tˆ c˜Ã^* TˆÁÃ[˝ÁC ^FX CcÕ\ˆÁ„[˝ ◊Zı„Ã[˝ TˆFX ÂEıÁXC serious difficulty
%ÁÃ[˝ UÁ„Eı XÁ*
7.11.35
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^Á [˝„_◊ªK˜ EıTˆ [˝ÁÃ[˝, TˆÁ %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ [˝_„Tˆ c˜Ã^* `Á‹ôˆ a]Á◊c˜Tˆ c˜„Ã^ aÁW˝XÁ EıÃ[˝,
a[˝ ◊PÊı Y„U ªJÙ_„[˝, [˝◊c˜fY“E ı◊TˆC [˝V_Á„[˝, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ c˜PˆÁd XÃ^, %Á‰ÿôˆ %Á‰ÿôˆ*
%YÃ[˝◊V„Eı ^◊V ◊[˝Jª Ù◊_Tˆ Jª Ùá˚_ c˜C, EıîXÁ [˝Á VÁ[˝› =‰Pˆ, TˆÁc˜„_ ◊XÃ[˝UEÔ ı ÂGÁ_]Á_
C EırÙ a ◊rÙ EıÃ[˝„[˝* ]Á Gêˆ›Ã[˝ c˜„Ã^‰ªK˜, %Á]Á„Eı \ˆÁ_[˝Á„a XÁ cÕTˆÓÁ◊V --- AcÕa[˝
]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ =YÃ[˝ %Á„y‘Á` ÂEıÁX EıÁ]XÁÃ[˝ [˝Á VÁ[˝›Ã[˝ _l˘S, [˝ÁaXÁ [˝Á VÁ[˝› E ıTˆÁUÔ
c˜Ã^ XÁ [˝„_ AcÕ a[˝ W˝ÁÃ[˝SÁ* AcÕ a[˝„Eı ÿöˆÁX ◊V„Ã^Á XÁ, A a„[˝„Tˆ ◊XÃ[˝UÔEı
aÁW˝XÁÃ[˝ l˘◊Tˆ c˜„Ã^ ^ÁÃ^*
29.11.35
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AcÕ %[˝ÿöˆÁ, AcÕ [˝«◊à˘cÕ aTˆÓ, a[˝ a]Ã^ Ã[˝ÁFÁ =◊ªJÙTˆ* %c˜eEıÁ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ [˝«◊à˘„Tˆ
%ÁÃ[˝ Â_ÁEı„Eı C HªRÙOXÁ„Eı XÁ ÂV„F AcÕ %W˝ÓÁ±¡[˝◊« à˘„Tˆ %ÁÃ[˝ ◊\ˆTˆ„[Ã ˝[Ã ˝ psychicAÃ[˝
V ◊rÙ„Tˆ ÂVF„Tˆ c˜Ã^*
7.12.35
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]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ =YÃ[˝ a+…SÔ ◊[˝`üÁa C `“à˘Á ^ÁÃ[˝ %Á‰ªK˜ Âa a[˝ a]Ã^ ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ ÂEıÁ„_,
]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ ]„W˝Ó UÁ„Eı* [˝ÁW˝Á =Pˆ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ c˜ÁLÁÃ[˝ [˝ÁW˝Á TˆÁ„Eı ◊[˝ªJÙ◊_Tˆ EıÃ[˝„Tˆ
YÁ„Ã[˝ XÁ* Âa ◊[˝`üÁa, Âa `“à˘Á a[˝ a]Ã^, a[˝ %[˝ÿöˆÁÃ^, a[˝ HªRÙOXÁÃ^ %ªªR«ÙORÙO Ã[˝ÁFÁ,
A c˜_ Â^Á„GÃ[˝ ]…_ EıUÁ* %ÁÃ[˝ a[˝ ÂGÏS, AªRÙO›cÕ c˜‰¨K˜ %Áa_*
16.12.35
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AcÕ a]Ã^ physical consciousnessAÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ `◊N˛ EıÁL Eı‰¨K˜¤, ÂacÕ

LXÓ %„X„EıÃ[˝ AcÕ physical consciousnessAÃ[˝ [˝ÁW˝Á Y“[˝_\ˆÁ„[˝ =‰Pˆ◊ªK˜_
--- ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ Jª Ùá˚_TˆÁ[Ã ˝ EıÁ[Ã ˝S AcÕ Â^ AcÕ [˝Á◊c˜„[Ã ˝[Ã ˝ physical consciousnessAÃ[˝
a„Ü ◊X„L„Eı identify Eı„Ã[˝◊ªK˜„_ Â^X Âa ÊªJÙTˆXÁcÕ T«ˆ◊]* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ %Áa_ aw¯Á
◊\ˆ T ˆ „ Ã [ ˝ Â^FÁ„X ]Á„Ã ^ Ã [ ˝ a„Ü ae„^ÁG UÁ„Eı* ÂacÕ LXÓ physical
consciousnessAÃ[˝ %p˚ÁX, TˆÁ]◊aEıTˆÁ, \«ˆ_ Â[˝ÁMıÁ cÕTˆÓÁ◊V ◊X„LÃ[˝ [˝„_ G–c˜S
EıÃ[˝„Tˆ ÂXcÕ* Â^X [˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ^‹óˆ, ÂacÕ ^„‹óˆÃ[˝ ^Tˆ ÂVÁb %a+…SÔTˆÁ a[˝ ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝
`◊N˛ aÁ◊Ã[˝„Ã^ ÂV„[˝ AcÕ p˚ÁXcÕ ÂÃ[˝„F ◊\ˆTˆÃ[˝ ÂU„Eı aÁl˘›Ã[˝ ]Tˆ %◊[˝ªJÙ◊_Tˆ c˜„Ã^
ÂVF„Tˆ c˜Ã^ --- ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ =YÃ[˝ a+…SÔ ◊[˝`üÁa C `“à˘Á ÂÃ[˝„F*
16.12.35
*
◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ a[˝cÕ %Á‰ªK˜ C ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ EıÁL ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ c˜‰¨K˜* Tˆ„[˝ [˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ]„XÃ[˝
a„Ü ^«N˛ c˜„_ Âa a[˝ ÊªRÙOÃ[˝ YÁCÃ^Á ^ÁÃ^ XÁ, ^Tˆ◊VX Âa ]X Y…SÔ %Á„_Á◊EıTˆ
XÁ c˜Ã^, ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ a„Ü AEı XÁ c˜Ã^*
19.12.35
*
T«ˆ◊] ^Á [˝SÔXÁ Eı„Ã[˝ªK˜, ""◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ G\ˆ›„Ã[˝ `Á◊‹ôˆ]Ã^ ÊY“]]Ã^ Â[˝VXÁ, TˆFX ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝
◊Eı„a %Á]Á„Eı ªRÙOÁ„X'' psychic Â[˝VXÁ ªK˜ÁQÕˆÁ %ÁÃ[˝ ◊EıªK«˜ c˜„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ XÁ* AcÕ a[˝cÕ
psychic sorrowAÃ[˝ _l˘S*
20.12.35
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AcÕ a[˝ [˝ÁW˝Á ÂV„F ◊[˝ªJÙ◊_Tˆ c˜„Ã^Á XÁ* ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ Â^„Ã^ ◊ÿöˆÃ[˝\ˆÁ„[˝ ÂV„F ^ÁC,
◊\ˆTˆÃ[˝ ÂU„Eı p˚ÁX [˝ÁQÕˆ„[˝* ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ `◊N˛cÕ AcÕ a[˝ [˝ÁW˝Á„Eı %Á‰ÿôˆ %Á‰ÿôˆ a◊Ã[˝„Ã^
ÂV„[˝*
20.12.35
*
%Áa_ EıUÁ AcÕ Â^ EıÁ„LÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó %c˜eEıÁ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ [˝Á [˝◊c˜fY“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝ [˝` c˜„[˝
XÁ* TˆÁ ^◊V c˜C EıÁL Tˆ %ÁÃ[˝ aÁW˝XÁÃ[˝ %e` c˜Ã^ XÁ, TˆÁ c˜„Ã^ ^ÁÃ^ aÁ]ÁXÓ
EıÁ„LÃ[˝ a]ÁX* EıÁL„EıC a]◊YÔTˆ \ˆÁ„[˝ ◊\ˆTˆÃ[˝ ÂU„Eı EıÃ[˝„Tˆ c˜Ã^*
27.12.35
*
X: ]Á, %ÁL Eı„ÃÊı◊VX W˝„Ã[˝ V«fF ◊XÃ[˝ÁX≥V C c˜TˆÁ`Á[˝ÓtEı XÁXÁ EıîXÁ

C ÊY“Ã[˝SÁ %Áa„Tˆ %ÁÃ[˝êˆ Eı„Ã[˝◊ªK˜_* %Á◊] £W˝« ÊªK˜ÁªRÙO ◊`£ c˜„Ã^ ]Á ]Á ÂQˆ„Eı
ªJÙ„_◊ªK˜* ◊EıªK«˜l˘S Y„Ã[˝ ÂV◊F old YÁTˆÁÃ[˝ ]Tˆ a[˝ Mı„Ã[˝ Y‰QÕˆ ÂG_ A[˝e TˆÁÃ[˝YÃ[˝
ÂV◊F ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ `Á◊‹ôˆ %Á„_Á Y◊[˝yTˆÁ C %ÁX≥V ÂX„] %Áa_*
=: AcÕ Ã[˝Eı] reject Eı„Ã[˝, ÂZı„_ ÂZı„_ ◊V„Ã^ Ca[˝ suggestions XrÙ
c˜„Ã^ ^ÁÃ^ --- TˆÁ„VÃ[˝ ÂLÁÃ[˝ y‘]`f Eı„] ◊G„Ã^ %ÁÃ[˝ TˆÁ„VÃ[˝ Y“ÁS UÁEı„[˝ XÁ*
4.1.36
*
X: £W˝« [˝ÁW˝Á ◊X„Ã^ [˝QÕˆ ªJÙá˚_ c˜„Ã^ Y‰QÕˆ◊ªK˜_Á] C [˝ÁW˝ÁÃ[˝ EıUÁ Â[˝`› ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ
Eı„[Ã ˝◊Kª ˜_Á], TˆÁcÕ ATˆ V«fFEırÙ C %ÁHÁTˆ ÂY„Ã^◊ªK˜_Á]* %ÁÃ[˝ ÂTˆÁ]Á„Eı \«ˆ_[˝ XÁ*
=: AcÕ \ˆÁ_* TˆÁ Eı[Ã ˝„Tˆ YÁÃ[˝„_, [˝ÁW˝Á Tˆ [˝ÁW˝Á [˝„_ %Áa„[˝ XÁ [˝[Ã ˝e [Ã ˝÷YÁ‹ôˆ„[Ã ˝[Ã ˝
a«◊[˝„W˝Ã[˝ LXÓ %Áa„[˝*
4.1.36
*
AcÕ a[˝ ÂGÁ_]Á„_Ã[˝ a∂ëˆ„µ˘ AEıªRÙOÁ EıUÁ [˝_Á %Á[˝`ÓEı c˜„Ã^‰ªK˜, Âa AcÕ
--- AcÕ a]Ã^ F«[˝ aÁ[˝W˝ÁX c˜C EıÁÃ[˝ a„Ü T«ˆ◊] H◊XúˆTˆÁ EıÃ[˝ [˝Á Â[˝`› Â]`*
Â^]X D. R.A "ªJÙ', "L'* "ªJÙ'Ã[˝ ]„W˝Ó %£à˘ `◊N˛Ã[˝ F«[˝ ÂF_Á c˜Ã^, TˆFX [TˆÁÃ[˝]
`Ã[˝›„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ]„W˝Ó AEıªRÙOÁ LùÁ_Á c˜Ã^ %ÁÃ[˝ [˝«◊à˘Ã[˝ ◊[˝YÃ[˝›Tˆ %[˝ÿöˆÁC c˜Ã^, hunger-
strike Eı„Ã[˝ ]Á„Eı ÂLÁÃ[˝ Eı„Ã[˝ ◊X„LÃ[˝ cÕ¨K˜ÁÃ[˝ %W˝›X EıÃ[˝„Tˆ ªJÙÁÃ^, ◊[˝‰V–Ác˜ Eı„Ã[˝
%Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ◊X≥VÁC Eı„Ã[˝, aÁ◊W˝EıÁ„VÃ[˝ []„X] %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ %a„‹ôˆÁb a ◊rÙ EıÃ[˝„Tˆ
ÊªJÙrÙÁ Eı„Ã[˝* %Á◊] ÂV„F◊ªK˜ "ªJÙ'Ã[˝ a„Ü [^ÁÃ[˝Á] Â[˝`› Â]„` AcÕ ÂY‰ªRÙO %Ám„XÃ[˝
LùÁ_Á ÂGÁ_]Á_ C [˝«◊à˘Ã[˝ ◊[˝YÃ[˝›Tˆ %[˝ÿöˆÁ TˆÁ„VÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó aey‘Á]Eı Ã[˝÷„Y %ÁÃ[˝êˆ
c˜„Ã^◊ªK˜_* "L'Ã[˝ [Âl˘‰y] TˆTˆ c˜Ã^ XÁ, Tˆ„[˝ %c˜·¯ÁÃ[˝ C %£à˘ %[˝ÿöˆÁ ac˜„L
=‰Pˆ, TˆFX `Ã[˝›„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝C %Ám„XÃ[˝ LùÁ_Á C XÁXÁ ÂGÁ_]Á_ c˜Ã^* ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝
ÂGÁ_]Á„_Ã[˝, unsafe conditionAÃ[˝ feeling %ÁÃ[˝ red pepper EıÁªRÙOÁ GÁ„Ã^
_ÁGÁÃ[˝ feeling TˆÁ„VÃ[˝ ÂacÕ %£à˘ `◊N˛Ã[˝ %Áy‘]„SÃ[˝ ÊªJÙrÙÁ c˜„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝* Âa
LXÓ [˝_◊ªK˜ aÁ[˝W˝ÁX c˜„Ã^ UÁEı, ]Á ªK˜ÁQÕˆÁ %ÁÃ[˝ EıÁ„Ã[˝Á EıÁ‰ªK˜ ◊X„L„Eı open Eı„Ã[˝Á
XÁ* AcÕ EıUÁ ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝cÕ LXÓ ◊_„F◊ªK˜, %ÁÃ[˝ EıÁÃ[˝C EıÁ‰ªK˜ Y“EıÁ` EıÃ[˝„Tˆ ÂXcÕ*
Y“SÁ„] ]Á ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ ÂVF◊ªK˜„_X ÂEıX ÂGÁ_]Á„_Ã[˝ feeling c˜‰¨K˜* Y“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝
[˝ÁW˝Á aEı„_Ã[˝cÕ c˜Ã^ --- ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ÂGÁ_]Á_ ^Á„Tˆ XÁ c˜Ã^ AcÕ ◊V„Eı aÁ[˝W˝ÁX UÁEıÁ
\ˆÁ_*
21.1.36
*
AcÕ %X«\…ˆ◊Tˆ F«[˝ \ˆÁ_* Y“SÁ„] ]Á ◊\ˆTˆÃ[˝ ÂU„Eı ◊Eı ◊V‰¨K˜X, TˆÁcÕ feel
EıÃ[˝„Tˆ c˜Ã^ --- £W˝« [˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝Ã[˝ appearance ÂV„F Â_Á„Eı EıTˆ \«ˆ_ [˝«„Mı ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝Ã[˝
VÁX ◊X„Tˆ \«ˆ„_ ^ÁÃ^ [˝Á ◊X„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ XÁ*
22.1.36
*
AcÕ change (◊YªK˜„XÃ[˝ ◊V„Eı) F«[˝ \ˆÁ_, %„XEı[˝ÁÃ[˝ ◊YªK˜X ÂU„Eı AcÕ
W˝Ã[˝„SÃ[˝ %Áy‘]S %Á„a, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ `◊N˛ C ËªJÙTˆXÓ ÂaFÁ„X UÁEı„_ %ÁÃ[˝
Y“„[˝` EıÃ[˝„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ XÁ* aÁVÁ Y„≤øÃ[˝ %UÔ AcÕ Â^ ÂaFÁ„X ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ ËªJÙTˆXÓ Y“EıÁ`
c˜‰¨K˜*
◊YªK˜„XÃ[˝ ◊V„Eı psychic beingAÃ[˝ ÿöˆÁX %ÁÃ[˝ ÂaFÁ„X ^Tˆ ÂEı≥V–, Â^]X
heart centre, vital centre, physical centre Â^FÁ„X Â]Ã[˝”V„â¯Ã[˝ a„Ü ae◊`¿rÙ
c˜Ã^, ÂaFÁ„X TˆÁ„VÃ[˝ Y“◊TˆúˆÁÃ[˝ ÿöˆÁX* AcÕ LXÓ AcÕ ◊YªK˜„XÃ[˝ ◊VEıªRÙOÁÃ[˝ ÊªJÙTˆXÁÃ[˝
%[˝ÿöˆÁ [˝QÕˆ important.
24.1.36
*
AcÕ Â^ feeling Â^ ]Á V…„Ã[˝ %Á‰ªK˜, AªRÙO› \«ˆ_ W˝ÁÃ[˝SÁ* ]Á ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ EıÁ‰ªK˜cÕ,

Tˆ„[˝ [˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ]X Y“Á„SÃ[˝ YÅ¤Á Y‰QÕˆ, TˆFX AcÕ W˝ÁÃ[˝SÁ c˜Ã^* Â^ AEı[˝ÁÃ[˝ ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝
◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ ÂEıÁ„_ Ã[˝„Ã^‰ªK˜ TˆÁÃ[˝ Y„l˘ AcÕ YÅ¤Á aÃ[˝ÁX Eı◊PˆX XÃ^*
31.1.36
*
A ]„X Ã[˝ÁF Â^ ]Á V…„Ã[˝ ^ÁX XÁ, a[[˝ÔVÁ ◊XEı‰ªRÙO ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ %Á‰ªK˜X --- ^FX
[˝◊c˜fY“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝ ÂEıÁXC Ã[˝Eı] ªJÙá˚_TˆÁ c˜Ã^, TˆFX Âa ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ aTˆÓ ÊªRÙ„Eı ÂZı„_
ÊªRÙ=Ã[˝ ]Tˆ, TˆÁcÕ CÃ[˝÷Y Â[˝ÁW˝ c˜Ã^* ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ UÁEı, ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ ÂU„Eı a[˝ ÂVF, EıÃ[˝*
12.2.36
*
AcÕ a[˝cÕ aTˆÓ* [˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝Ã[˝ %c˜eEıÁÃ[˝, %p˚ÁX %aTˆÓ* [˝Á◊c˜Ã[˝EıÁÃ[˝ ◊X„LÃ[˝

XÃ^, %Á±¡ÁÃ[˝ XÃ^ [˝„_ reject EıÃ[˝„Tˆ c˜Ã^* TˆÁÃ[˝ LXÓ ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ UÁEı„Tˆ c˜„[˝,
ÂaFÁX ÂU„Eı a[˝ [˝«Mı„Tˆ ÂVF„Tˆ EıÃ[˝„Tˆ c˜„[˝*
13.2.36
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^FX [˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝Ã[˝ physical consciousnessA %[˝ÿöˆÁX c˜Ã^, TˆFX AcÕÃ[˝÷Y

aÁW˝XÁ`…XÓ %X«\…ˆ◊Tˆ`…XÓ %[˝ÿöˆÁ c˜Ã^ --- TˆÁ aEı„_Ã[˝ c˜Ã^* TˆÁ XÁ c˜[˝ÁÃ[˝ AEı]Áy
=YÁÃ^ ÂTˆÁ]Á„Eı [˝„_◊ªK˜_Á] --- ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ UÁEıÁ, [˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝Ã[˝ %p˚ÁX %c˜eEıÁÃ[˝ aÁW˝ÁÃ[˝S
Y“ÁS[˝◊ w¯[Ã ˝ [˝` XÁ c˜„^Ã ◊\ˆTˆ„[Ã ˝[Ã ˝ psychic being ÂU„Eı Aa[˝„Eı ÂVFÁ, Y“TˆÓÁFÓÁX
EıÃ[˝Á* ◊\ˆTˆÃ[˝ ÂU„Eı ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ `◊N˛ %Á‰ÿôˆ %Á‰ÿôˆ Aa[˝ %µ˘EıÁÃ[˝ %e`„Eı %Á„_Á◊EıTˆ
Ã[˝÷YÁ‹ôˆ◊Ã[˝Tˆ Eı„Ã[˝* ^ÁÃ[˝Á TˆÁcÕ Eı„Ã[˝, TˆÁ„VÃ[˝ [˝ÁW˝ÁC [˝ÁW˝Á ◊V„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ XÁ* %„X„Eı
TˆÁ Eı„Ã[˝ XÁ, physicalAcÕ %[˝ÿöˆÁX Eı„Ã[˝ Âa, physicalAÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ ^Tˆ ◊VX
=YÃ[˝ ÂU„Eı %Á„_Á `◊N˛ cÕTˆÓÁ◊V XÁ %Á„a*

23.2.36
*
AcÕ EıUÁÃ[˝ =w¯Ã[˝ %Á„GcÕ ◊V„Ã^◊ªK˜* ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ UÁEı, ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ ÂU„Eı a[˝ ÂVF,
[˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ªJÙl«˘„Tˆ XÃ^* [˝◊c˜Î∏JÙTˆ„XÓ UÁEı„_ ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁÃ^ %ÁªJÙÃ[˝„S %„XEı \«ˆ_ c˜[˝ÁÃ[˝
EıUÁ* ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ UÁEı„_ psychic being y‘]`f Y“[˝_ c˜Ã^, psychic beingcÕ
aTˆÓ ÂV„F, a[˝ aTˆÓ]Ã^ Eı„Ã[˝ ÂVÃ^*
25.2.36
*
AcÕ ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ C \ˆ„Ã^Ã[˝ [˝V„_ AcÕ ◊X∏JÙÃ^TˆÁ C `“à˘Á Ã[˝ÁF„Tˆ c˜Ã^ Â^ ^FX AEı[˝ÁÃ[˝
]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ a„Ü ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ Â^ÁG c˜„Ã^‰ªK˜, TˆFX c˜ÁLÁÃ[˝ [˝ÁW˝Á c˜„_C [˝◊c˜fY“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝ EıTˆcÕ
XÁ ÂVÁb [˝Á %a+…SÔTˆÁ UÁEı„_C ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ LÃ^ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó %[˝`ÓêˆÁ[˝›, %XÓUÁ
c˜„TˆC YÁ„Ã[˝ XÁ*
26.2.36
*
^FX AcÕ `…XÓ %[˝ÿöˆÁ %Á„a, TˆFX ]X„Eı F«[˝ `Á‹ôˆ EıÃ[˝, ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ `◊N˛
%Á„_ÁEı„Eı QˆÁEı [˝◊c˜fY“E ı◊Tˆ„Tˆ XÁ][˝ÁÃ[˝ L„XÓ*
7.3.36
*
AcÕ a[˝ [˝◊c˜fY“E ı◊Tˆ ÂU„Eı %Á„a* ^FXcÕ %Á„a %Á]ÁÃ[˝ XÃ^ [˝„_ reject
EıÃ[˝„Tˆ c˜Ã^* [˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ^Á %Á„a TˆÁ„Tˆ aÁÃ^ XÁ ◊V„_ Â`„b %ÁÃ[˝ %Áa„Tˆ YÁÃ[˝„[˝
XÁ*
9.3.36
*
""Â_Á„Eı %ÁHÁTˆ ◊V„_'' ]Á„X ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ %c˜eEıÁ„Ã[˝ %ÁHÁTˆ YQÕˆ„_* %c˜eEıÁÃ[˝

^Tˆ◊VX UÁEı„[˝ TˆTˆ◊VX TˆÁÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ %ÁHÁTˆ YQÕˆ„[˝cÕ* %c˜e\ˆÁ[˝„Eı ÊªK˜‰QÕˆ ◊V„Ã^
£à˘ a]◊YÔTˆ %‹ôˆfEıÃ[˝„S a]\ˆÁ[˝ a◊c˜Tˆ EıÁL EıÃ[˝„Tˆ c˜Ã^, cÕc˜ÁcÕ aÁW˝XÁÃ[˝ AEıªRÙO›
Y“W˝ÁX %e`* TˆÁcÕ EıÃ[˝„_ %ÁHÁTˆ _ÁG„[˝ XÁ, ]Á„Eı YÁCÃ^ÁC ac˜L c˜„[˝*
18.3.36
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◊\ˆTˆÃ[˝ ÂU„Eı ^Á [˝_Á c˜„Ã^‰ªK˜, TˆÁ aTˆÓcÕ* [˝◊c˜‰∏JÙTˆXÁÃ[˝ %p˚Á„X ÂU„Eı ÂEı[˝_
\«ˆ_}Á◊‹ôˆ ◊]UÓÁ EırÙ c˜Ã^, ÂaFÁ„X a[˝ l«˘V– %c˜„]Ã[˝ ÂF_Á* ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝cÕ UÁEı„Tˆ c˜Ã^
--- %Áa_ aTˆÓ ÊªJÙTˆXÁ aTˆÓ \ˆÁ[˝ aTˆÓ V ◊rÙ ^ÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó, %c˜eEıÁÃ[˝ %◊\ˆ]ÁX
[˝ÁaXÁÃ[˝ VÁ[˝›Ã[˝ Â_` ]Áy UÁEı„[˝ XÁ, TˆÁc˜ÁcÕ grow EıÃ[˝„Tˆ VÁC, TˆFX ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝
ËªJÙTˆXÓ ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó Y“◊Tˆ◊úˆTˆ c˜„[˝, ]ÁX[˝ Y“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝ %µ˘EıÁÃ[˝ ◊[˝„Ã[˝ÁW˝ ◊[˝}ÁªRÙO %ÁÃ[˝
UÁEı„[˝ XÁ*
18.3.36
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AcÕ EıUÁ* ]Á„Eı Y“U] ÂY„Tˆ c˜„[˝ ◊\ˆTˆ[Ã ˝ ÂU„Eı, [˝Á◊c˜[Ã ˝ ÂU„Eı XÃ^ --- [˝Á◊c˜[Ã ˝
ÂU„Eı ÂY„Tˆ ÂG„_, TˆÁC c˜Ã^, ◊\ˆTˆÃ[˝ªRÙOÁC EıFXC TˆÁÃ[˝ aÁ◊~W˝Ó •ÁÃ[˝Á %Á„_Á◊EıTˆ
c˜Ã^ XÁ* ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ a+…SÔÃ[˝÷„Y ÂY„_ TˆÁÃ[˝ Y„Ã[˝ [˝Á◊c˜Ã[˝ªRÙOÁ ^Á %Á[˝`ÓEı TˆÁ realised
c˜„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝* AcÕ aTˆÓ V«'AEıLX ªK˜ÁQÕˆÁ ÂEıc˜ AFXC \ˆÁ_ Eı„Ã[˝ [˝«Mı„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝◊X*
22.3.36
*
X: ÿëˆY¬ ÂVF_Á] AEı◊ªRÙO Y«Ã[˝”b]ÁX«b %Á]ÁÃ[˝ EıÁ‰ªK˜ A„a‰ªK˜* %Á◊] TˆÁÃ[˝ [˝«„EıÃ[˝
=YÃ[˝ =‰Pˆ TˆÁ„Eı Â]„Ã[˝ ÂZı__Á] C TˆÁÃ[˝ Y«Ã[˝”bÁÜ ÂEı‰ªRÙO ◊V_Á]* ...TˆFX ÂV◊F
%Á]ÁÃ[˝ ÊªJÙc˜ÁÃ[˝Á ]c˜ÁEıÁ_›Ã[˝ ]Tˆ \ˆ›bS c˜„Ã^‰ªK˜*
=: AcÕ Y«Ã[˝”bªRÙO› ÂEıÁX vital force c˜„[˝, c˜Ã^Tˆ sex impulseAÃ[˝ AEıªªRÙOÁ
force* AcÕ %X«\…ˆ◊Tˆ„Tˆ ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ vital being TˆÁ„Eı ÂEı‰ªRÙO ÂZı„_‰ªK˜* aÁW˝„EıÃ[˝
vital being AcÕÃ[˝÷Y Â^Áà˘Á c˜CÃ^Á ªJÙÁcÕ --- FÁÃ[˝ÁY vital forceÃ[˝ [˝` XÁ c˜„Ã^,
\ˆ›Tˆ XÁ c˜„Ã^ TˆÁ„Eı meet EıÃ[˝„[˝ %ÁÃ[˝ ◊[˝XÁ` EıÃ[˝„[˝*
23.3.36
*
X: ]Á, %Á◊] ÂVF◊ªK˜ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ]ÁUÁªRÙOÁ F«[˝ `Á‹ôˆ Y◊[˝y %Á„_Á◊EıTˆ c˜„Ã^ ◊[˝`ü]Ã^
c˜‰¨K˜*
=: F«[˝ \ˆÁ_ %X«\…ˆ◊Tˆ* A„Tˆ Â[˝ÁMıÁ ^ÁÃ^ Â^ mindA >àùÔ˘‰ªJÙTˆXÁ XÁ]‰ªK˜,
%Á±¡ÁÃ[˝ =Y_◊ç˘ ◊X„Ã^ XÁ]‰ªK˜* TˆFXcÕ AcÕÃ[˝÷Y `Á‹ôˆ Y◊[˝y %Á„_Á]Ã^ ◊[˝`ü]Ã^
c˜Ã^ --- EıÁÃ[˝S %Á±¡Á [˝Á true aw¯Á ÂaÃ[˝÷Y `Á‹ôˆ Y◊[˝y %Á„_Á]Ã^ ◊[˝`ü]Ã^*
27.3.36
*
\ˆÁ_, AcÕÃ[˝÷Y Eı„Ã[˝ >àùÔ˘‰ªJÙTˆXÁ XÁ]Á ªJÙÁcÕ `Á‹ôˆ ◊[˝`ü]Ã^ \ˆÁ[˝ ◊X„Ã^, Y“U]
]ÁUÁÃ^ (]ÁXa Âl˘‰y) TˆÁÃ[˝ YÃ[˝ c˜÷V„Ã^ (emotional vital C psychicA) TˆÁÃ[˝
Y„Ã[˝ XÁ◊\ˆ„Tˆ C XÁ◊\ˆÃ[˝ X›‰ªJÙ (vitalA) Â`„b a]ÿôˆ physical„Eı [˝ÓÁä Eı„Ã[˝*
28.3.36
*
X›_ %Á„_Á %Á]ÁÃ[˝, aÁVÁ %Á„_Á ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ --- ^FX >àùÔ˘‰ªJÙTˆXÁ (higher
consciousness) ◊[˝`ü]Ã^ \ˆÁ[˝ ◊X„Ã^ %ÁW˝Á„Ã[˝ Y“U] XÁ]„Tˆ %ÁÃ[˝êˆ Eı„Ã[˝ TˆFX
X›_ %Á„_Á F«[˝ ÂVFÁ ÿëˆÁ\ˆÁ◊[˝Eı*
28.3.36
*
◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ a„Ü ^«N˛ c˜„Ã^ UÁEı„Tˆ c˜Ã^ %ÁÃ[˝ ÂaFÁX ÂU„Eı [˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝Ã[˝
Y“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝ [˝ÁW˝Á ÂVÁb y”◊ªRÙO ÂVF„Tˆ c˜Ã^, ÂV„F ◊[˝ªJÙ◊_Tˆ [˝Á ◊[˝b| [˝Á ◊XÃ[˝Á` c˜„Tˆ
XÁcÕ* ◊ÿöˆÃ[˝\ˆÁ„[˝ Y“TˆÓÁFÓÁX Eı„Ã[˝ ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ %Á„_Á C `◊N˛Ã[˝ ÂLÁ„Ã[˝ £W˝◊Ã[˝„Ã^ ◊X„Tˆ
c˜Ã^*
16.4.36
*
Â^ ◊ªJÙ‹ˆô Á[Ã ˝ EıUÁ [˝_, Âa ◊ªJÙ‹ˆô Á V…[Ã ˝ Eı[Ã ˝„Tˆ c˜^Ã * %Á◊] ^Á Jª ÙÁc˜,O TˆÁ c˜^Ã ◊X, ^Á
YÁ[˝ÁÃ[˝ %Á`Á ◊ªK˜_ TˆÁ YÁcÕ◊X* ÂEı]X [Eı„Ã[˝] EıÃ[˝[˝, %Á]ÁÃ[˝ c˜„[˝ XÁ --- A a[˝
c˜‰¨K˜ %`“à˘ÁÃ[˝ EıUÁ, Y“Á„SÃ[˝ ªJÙÁCÃ^Á C YÁCÃ^Á XÁ-YÁCÃ^ÁÃ[˝ ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ* %Á◊] ◊Eı YÁ[˝
]ÁÃ[˝ EıÁ‰ªK˜ AcÕ ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ c˜‰¨K˜ %c˜„]Ã[˝, --- ]Á„Eı ÂEı]X Eı„Ã[˝ ◊X„L„Eı a[˝ ÂV„[˝,
AcÕ ◊ªJÙ‹ˆô ÁcÕ c˜‰¨K˜ %‹ôˆ[Ã ˝Á±¡ÁÃ[˝ --- aÁW˝„EıÃ[˝ Y“Á^Ã a[˝ [˝ÁW˝Á[Ã ˝ _«hıÁX ]…_ AcÕ YÁCÃ^ÁÃ[˝
\ˆÁ[˝* Â^ a[˝ ÂVÃ^ \ˆG[˝ÁX„Eı, Âa \ˆG[˝ÁX„Eı %ÁÃ[˝ \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ a[˝ YÁÃ^, XÁ ÊªJÙ„^Ã C*
Â^ ÂY„Tˆ Jª ÙÁ^Ã AªRÙÁO CªRÙÁO , Âa AªRÙÁO CªRÙÁO YÁÃ^, ◊Eı‹ˆ«ô \ˆG[˝ÁX„Eı YÁÃ^ XÁ*
18.4.36
*
ÂEıc˜ ^◊V a‰ªJÙTˆX c˜„Ã^ [˝ÁW˝ÁÃ[˝ a∂ˆÇ«F›X c˜„Ã^ ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ =YÃ[˝ ◊X\ˆ¤Ã[˝ Eı„Ã[˝, ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝
`◊N˛Ã[˝ ÂLÁ„Ã[˝ W˝›Ã[˝ \ˆÁ„[˝ ÊPˆ„_ ÂVÃ^ ^Tˆ[˝ÁÃ[˝ %Á„a, Â`„b Âa [˝ÁW˝Á]«N˛ c˜„[˝cÕ
c˜„[˝*
20.4.36
*
It is good. a[˝ a]Ã^ ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ =YÃ[˝ a+…SÔ %ÁÿöˆÁ Ã[˝ÁF„Tˆ c˜Ã^ Â^ TgˆÁÃ[˝cÕ
c˜Á„Tˆ %Á◊ªK˜, TgˆÁÃ[˝ `◊N˛„Tˆ a[˝ c˜„[˝* TˆÁ c˜„_ [˝ÁW˝ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ V«fF [˝Á ◊XÃ[˝Á`Á
%Áa„Tˆ YÁÃ[˝„[˝ XÁ*
17.5.36
*
A]X %[˝ÿöˆÁ c˜CÃ^Á ªJÙÁcÕ Â^ ÊªJÙTˆXÁ ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ UÁEı„[˝ ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ a„Ü ^«N˛ c˜„Ã^
%ÁÃ[˝ ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ `◊N˛ EıÁL EıÃ[˝Á„[˝, [˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ÊªJÙTˆXÁ Âa `◊N˛Ã[˝ ^‹óˆ c˜„Ã^ EıÁL
EıÃ[˝„[˝ --- ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ AcÕ %[˝ÿöˆÁ Y«„Ã[˝ÁY«◊Ã[˝ Ã[˝÷„Y ac˜„L %Á„a XÁ* aÁW˝XÁ EıÃ[˝„Tˆ
EıÃ[˝„Tˆ %Á„a %ÁÃ[˝ %Á‰ÿôˆ %Á‰ÿôˆ complete c˜„Ã^ ^ÁÃ^*
23.5.36
*
aÁW˝XÁÃ[˝ Y„U `…XÓTˆÁ %„XEı[˝ÁÃ[˝ %Á„a ---- `…XÓ %[˝ÿöˆÁÃ^ ◊[˝ªJÙ◊_Tˆ c˜„Tˆ
XÁcÕ* `…XÓTˆÁ %„XEı[˝ÁÃ[˝ X…TˆX =~◊Tˆ„Eı prepare Eı„Ã[˝* Tˆ„[˝ ÂVF„Tˆ c˜„[˝ Â^X
`…XÓTˆÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó ◊[˝bÁV ªJÙá˚_TˆÁ XÁ %Á„a*
25.5.36
*
cÕc˜ÁcÕ ◊PÊı* ÂV„c˜Ã[˝ ]Ã[˝„S ]«◊N˛ c˜Ã^ XÁ, AcÕ ÂV„c˜cÕ X…TˆX ÂVc˜‰ªJÙTˆXÁ C
ÂacÕ X…TˆX ÊªJÙTˆXÁÃ[˝ `◊N˛ ªJÙÁcÕ*
25.5.36
*
AcÕ %[˝ÿöˆÁcÕ ªJÙÁcÕ --- a[˝ ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ ◊[˝Ã[˝ÁªRÙO `Á‹ôˆ X›Ã[˝[˝ ]Á]Ã^ %ÁX≥V]Ã^*
28.5.36
*
"a' a∂ëˆ„µ˘ ◊_„F◊ªK˜_Á] Â^ "Y'Ã[˝ %ÁW˝FÁCÃ^Á Ã[˝”◊ªRÙO G–c˜S EıÃ[˝Á [˝QÕˆ \«ˆ_*
AcÕÃ[˝÷Y ÿöˆ„_ Âa Â_ÁEıªRÙO›Ã[˝ ]„W˝Ó ^◊V ÂEıÁX FÁÃ[˝ÁY `◊N˛ %◊W˝EıÁÃ[˝ Eı„Ã[˝ UÁ„Eı
TˆÁc˜„_ B %Ác˜ÁÃ[˝„Eı %[˝_∂ëˆX Eı„Ã[˝ ÂacÕ `◊N˛ Â^ FÁÃ^ TˆÁÃ[˝ `Ã[˝›„Ã[˝Ã[˝ =YÃ[˝
Y“ÁSÿôˆ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ =YÃ[˝ %Áy‘]S EıÃ[˝„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝*
3.6.36
*
X: ""Tˆ'' C ""a''Ã[˝ a„Ü %XÓ◊V„XÃ[˝ ÊªJÙ„Ã^ Â[˝`› EıUÁ [˝_Á„Tˆ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ F«[˝
]ÁUÁ EıÁ]‰QÕˆ◊ªK˜_ C %ÿëˆ◊ÿôˆ Â[˝ÁW˝ Eı„Ã[˝◊ªK˜_Á]* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ^FX AEıªªR«ÙO `Á‹ôˆ X›Ã[˝[˝ c˜„Ã^
ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ^ QˆÁEı_Á] C %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ AEı◊ªRÙO ÂTˆÁ]Á]Ã^ Tˆ›[˝– cÕ¨K˜Á C ◊[˝`üÁa c˜_
Â^ cÕc˜Á V…Ã[˝ c˜cÕ„[˝* AEıªªR«ÙO Y„Ã[˝ ÂV◊F, aTˆÓcÕ V…Ã[˝ c˜„Ã^‰ªK˜ %ÁÃ[˝ %Á◊] %a›] `Á◊‹ôˆ
%ÁX≥V ÊY“] Y◊[˝yTˆÁÃ^ C ÂTˆÁ]Á„Tˆ \ˆ„Ã[˝ =Pˆ◊ªK˜*
=: AcÕ c˜‰¨K˜ %Áa_ =YÁÃ^ --- AcÕ =YÁ„Ã^cÕ ÊªJÙTˆ XÁÃ[˝ ^Tˆ lowering [˝Á
deviation (◊X∂oˆG◊Tˆ [˝Á }Á‹ôˆG◊Tˆ) aÁÃ[˝ÁX ^ÁÃ^*
9.6.36
*
X: aÁÃ[˝ÁÃ[˝ÁTˆ Â^X %µ˘EıÁÃ[˝]Ã^ %ÎªJÙTˆXÓ]Ã^ Tˆ„]Á]Ã^ LG„Tˆ ]QÕˆÁÃ[˝ ]Tˆ Y‰QÕˆ

UÁ◊Eı* aEıÁ„_ =Pˆ„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝ XÁ* ÂLÁÃ[˝ Eı„Ã[˝ =‰Pˆ ÂV◊F `Ã[˝›Ã[˝ªRÙOÁ [˝QÕˆ LQÕˆ %_a
[˝_c˜›X =daÁc˜c˜›X `Á◊‹ôˆ C %ÁX≥V`…XÓ c˜„Ã^ ^ÁÃ^* ]Á A]X c˜„_ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ H«]
V…Ã[˝ Eı„Ã[˝ VÁC*
=: %[˝‰ªJÙTˆXÁÃ[˝ H«] CÃ[˝Eı]cÕ c˜Ã^ --- ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ XÁ H«]Á„_ %[˝‰ªJÙTˆXÁÃ^ ªK˜ÁY

Â[˝‰QÕˆ ^ÁÃ^, Eı„] XÁ* A a„[˝Ã[˝ ]„W˝Ó =Y„Ã[˝Ã[˝ %Á„_Á C ÊªJÙTˆXÁ„Eı ÂQˆ„Eı %ÁXÁ
c˜‰¨K˜ AEı]Áy =YÁÃ^*
20.6.36
*
EıFXC [˝ÁW˝ÁÃ[˝ %[˝ÿöˆÁ ÿöˆÁÃ^› UÁEı„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ XÁ --- ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ ÂEıÁ_ ÂU„Eı T«ˆ◊]
V…„Ã[˝ Â^„TˆC YÁÃ[˝ XÁ --- ]Á„Mı ]Á„Mı YÅ¤Á Y„QÕˆ ]Áy, Âa L„XÓ [˝ÁW˝Á =Pˆ„_
\ˆÃ^ EıÃ[˝„Tˆ XÁcÕ, V«fF EıÃ[˝„Tˆ XÁcÕ, [˝ÁW˝Á„Eı reject EıÃ[˝„Tˆ EıÃ[˝„Tˆ ]Á„Eı QˆÁEı„Tˆ
QˆÁEı„Tˆ \ˆÁ_ %[˝ÿöˆÁ ◊Zı„Ã[˝ %Á„a --- Â`„b [˝ÁW˝Á =Pˆ„_C %ÁÃ[˝ ÿöˆÁÃ^› a◊TˆÓ
%[˝ÿöˆÁ„Eı cover EıÃ[˝„Tˆ YÁÃ[˝„[˝ XÁ*
22.6.36
*
AcÕ c˜‰¨K˜ >àùÔ˘‰ªJÙTˆXÁÃ[˝ ÂaÁYÁX ---- AcÕ ÊªJÙTˆXÁÃ[˝ %„XEı plane [˝Á a]Tˆ_
\…ˆ◊], AcÕ ÂaÁYÁ„X \…ˆ◊]Ã[˝ YÃ[˝ \…ˆ◊]„Tˆ =‰Pˆ Â`„b supermindA =‰Pˆ, \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝
a›]Ác˜›X %Á„_Á]Ã^ %ÁX≥V]Ã^ %X„‹ôˆ*
27.6.36
*
^FX %p˚Á„XÃ[˝ ◊]UÓÁ C‰Pˆ TˆFX YU ªRÙÁEıÁ c˜„Ã^ Y‰QÕˆ --- TˆÁÃ[˝ =YÁÃ^ %Á‰ªK˜
AcÕ --- AcÕ ◊]UÓÁÃ^ ◊[˝`üÁa XÁ EıÃ[˝Á, A suggestion„Eı reject EıÃ[˝Á A a[˝
aTˆÓ c˜„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ XÁ [˝„_* [˝ÁW˝Á %Á‰ªK˜ TˆÁ„Tˆ ◊Eı, ÂaÁLÁ Y„U ªJÙ_, [˝ÁW˝Á Â`„b
%ÁY◊X F„a YQÕˆ„[˝*
27.6.36
*
AcÕªRÙO› [˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ÂGÁ_]Á„_Ã[˝ Zı_* `Ã[˝›„Ã[˝Ã[˝ =YÃ[˝ %Áy‘]S --- `Á‹ôˆ \ˆÁ„[˝
◊X„LÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó ae^Tˆ c˜„Ã^ [˝Á◊c˜Ã[˝ EıÃ[˝„Tˆ c˜„[˝*
1.7.36
*
A Tˆ \ˆÁ_cÕ --- [˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝ ◊Y“Ã^ [˝Á %◊Y“Ã^ ^Ác˜Á HªªR«ÙOEı, a[˝ a]Ã^ %◊[˝ªJÙ◊_Tˆ
UÁEıÁ, ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ a„Ü ^«N˛* cÕc˜ÁcÕ aÁW˝„EıÃ[˝ %[˝ÿöˆÁ c˜CÃ^Á =◊ªJÙTˆ*
2.7.36
*
AFXC `Ã[˝›Ã[˝ [˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝Ã[˝ aÁW˝ÁÃ[˝S influencesAÃ[˝ =Y„Ã[˝ C‰Pˆ◊X --- A a◊Å¤

A a[˝ [˝ ◊rÙ C PˆÁâ¯Á ◊\ˆ„L [˝ÁTˆÁ„aÃ[˝ Zı_ c˜„[˝* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ `Ã[˝›Ã[˝ ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ `◊N˛Ã[˝ ◊V„Eı
F«„_‰ªK˜, Â^ `◊N˛„Eı QˆÁEı„_ A a[˝ [˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝Ã[˝ &`Ô `›H– ]«‰ªK˜ ^ÁÃ^*
12.7.36
*
X: AFX %ÁÃ[˝ V«fF EıÁ~Á c˜TˆÁ`Á C ]„Ã[˝ ^Á[˝, JÙ„_ ^Á[˝, ]Á %Á]Á„Eı \ˆÁ_[˝Á„aX
XÁ cÕTˆÓÁ◊V ]ÁX[˝ Y“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝ ◊L◊Xa %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó %Áa„Tˆ YÁÃ[˝‰ªK˜ XÁ* ^◊V ÂEıÁX
Ã[˝Eı„] %Á„a, ÂEı %Á]Á„Eı a‰ªJÙTˆX Eı„Ã[˝ ÂVÃ^ A[˝e %Á◊] ÊªK˜ÁªRÙO ◊`£Ã[˝ ]Tˆ ]Á
]Á QˆÁ◊Eı C c˜÷V„Ã^Ã[˝ G\ˆ›„Ã[˝ ^ÁcÕ...*
=: It is very good. AcÕ \ˆÁ„[˝ ªJÙ_„_ ]ÁX[˝ Y“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝ B a[˝ Y«Ã[˝ÁTˆX
movement F„a ^Á„[˝, %ÁÃ[˝ %Áa„Tˆ YÁÃ[˝„[˝ XÁ*
18.7.36
*
X: ]Á, AFX %Á◊] feel Eı◊Ã[˝ T«ˆ◊] %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ◊\ˆTˆÃ[˝ ◊V„Ã^ a[˝ EıÁL EıÃ[˝ªK˜
C %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ %ÁªK˜... %ÁLEıÁ_ EıÁ„LÃ[˝ LXÓ ÂEıc˜ [˝EıÁ[˝◊Eı EıÃ[˝„_ `Á‹ôˆ
\ˆÁ„[˝ UÁ◊Eı C aTÊÔı c˜„Ã^ ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ %ÁX„≥V EıÁL EıÃ[˝„Tˆ ÊªJÙrÙÁ Eı◊Ã[˝* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ]Á„Mı
]Á„Mı [˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝Ã[˝ C ]ÁX[˝ Y“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝ ◊L◊Xb A„a %Á]Á„Eı ÊªRÙ„Eı ÂZı„_ %ÁÃ[˝ TˆFX
%Á◊] AEıªªR«ÙO ÂGÁ_]Á_ ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ C ªJÙá˚_TˆÁ %X«\ˆ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝ C ÂTˆÁ]Á„Eı \«ˆ„_ ^ÁcÕ*
=: This also is very good. [˝Á◊c˜[Ã ˝, \«ˆ„_ ^ÁCÃ^Á AcÕ a[˝ Y“Eı ◊Tˆ[Ã ˝ habitAÃ[˝
LXÓ c˜Ã^* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ AcÕ ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ \ˆÁ[˝ ^◊V a[˝ a]Ã^ ^±Ûˆ Eı„Ã[˝ Ã[˝ÁF, TˆÁ c˜„_ AcÕ
a[˝ habit F„a ^Á„[˝, Â`„b %ÁÃ[˝ %Áa„[˝ XÁ* aTˆÓ ÊªJÙTˆXÁÃ[˝ movementcÕ
]X Y“Á„SÃ[˝ natural habit c˜„Ã^ ^Á„[˝*
18.7.36
*
%Á]Ã[˝Á Tˆ ÂTˆÁ]Á„Eı ÊªK˜‰QÕˆ ◊VcÕ◊X* ^FX depression c˜Ã^ TˆFX T«ˆ◊] A

a[˝ EıUÁ \ˆÁ[˝* ]Á„Mı ]Á„Mı T«ˆ◊] [˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ÊªJÙTˆXÁÃ^ A„a %ÁÃ[˝ ]Á„Eı feel EıÃ[˝
XÁ, TˆÁcÕ [˝„_ \ˆÁ[˝Á =◊ªJÙTˆ XÃ^ Â^ ]Á ÂTˆÁ]Á„Eı ÊªK˜‰QÕˆ ◊V„Ã^‰ªK˜X* %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝
^ÁC, ÂaFÁ„X TgˆÁ„Eı feel EıÃ[˝„[˝*
5.9.36
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^FX ÊªJÙTˆXÁ physicalA XÁ„] TˆFX AcÕÃ[˝÷Y %[˝ÿöˆÁ c˜Ã^* TˆÁÃ[˝ %UÔ AcÕ
XÃ^ Â^ a[˝ aÁW˝XÁÃ[˝ Zı_ [˝ UÁ c˜„Ã^‰ªK˜ [˝Á =Y„Ã[˝ ªJÙ„_ ÂG‰ªK˜ --- a[˝ %Á‰ªK˜ ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ
%Á[˝Ã[˝„SÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó ◊YªK˜„X Ã[˝„Ã^‰ªK˜* AcÕ obscure physicalA ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ ÊªJÙTˆXÁ
%Á„_Á C `◊N˛ XÁ]Á„Tˆ c˜Ã^ --- ÂaªRÙOÁ ^FX Y“◊Tˆ◊úˆTˆ c˜„[˝ TˆFX %ÁÃ[˝ A %[˝ÿöˆÁ
◊Zı„Ã[˝ %Áa„[˝ XÁ* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ^◊V ◊[˝ªJÙ◊_Tˆ c˜C, depressed c˜C [˝Á AcÕ a[˝ ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ
Y“„[˝` Eı„Ã[˝ Â^ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ %ÁÃ[˝ A L›[˝„X c˜„[˝ XÁ, ]Ã[˝Á \ˆÁ_ cÕTˆÓÁ◊V, TˆÁ c˜„_
AEıªRÙOÁ [˝ÁW˝Á c˜Ã^ Âa ÊªJÙTˆXÁ `◊N˛ %Á„_Á XÁ][˝ÁÃ[˝ Y„U* ÂaLXÓ Am„_Á„Eı
reject Eı„Ã[˝ ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ =YÃ[˝ ◊X\ˆ¤Ã[˝ Ã[˝ÁFÁ %ÁÃ[˝ `Á‹ôˆ\ˆÁ„[˝ aspire EıÃ[˝Á C TgˆÁ„Eı
QˆÁEıÁ =◊ªJÙTˆ*
19.9.36
*
]Á Tˆ CÃ[˝Eı] ◊EıªK«˜ [˝„_X◊X ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ a∂ëˆ„µ˘* AcÕ EıUÁ aTˆÓ Â^ AEıªRÙO› ]«FÓ
EıÁL %Á‰ªK˜ aEı„_Ã[˝ ^Á ]Á ◊V„Ã^‰ªK˜X, ÂaªRÙOÁ Tˆ Y“W˝ÁX EıÁ^ÔÓ* TˆÁÃ[˝ YÃ[˝ %XÓ
a]„Ã^ ^Á TˆÁÃ[˝Á EıÃ[˝„Tˆ ªJÙÁÃ^, Âa ÿëˆTˆ‹óˆ EıUÁ* a[˝ EıÁL right spiritA EıÃ[˝„Tˆ
c˜Ã^, [˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝ ◊EıªK«˜ XÁ ÊªJÙ„Ã^, ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ ªJÙÃ[˝„S a]YÔS Eı„Ã[˝, cÕc˜ÁcÕ %Áa_ EıUÁ*
21.9.36
*
CcÕ ÂaÁLÁ %Á„_ÁEı]Ã^ YUcÕ %Áa_ YU, Tˆ„[˝ TˆÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó YßgªJÙ„Tˆ a]Ã^
_Á„G* AEı[˝ÁÃ[˝ B Y„U YßgªJÙ„_ %ÁÃ[˝ ◊[˝„`b ÂEıÁXC EırÙ [˝ÁW˝Á ñ_X c˜Ã^ XÁ*
21.9.36
*
%Á◊] Tˆ [˝„_◊ªK˜ ÂEıX c˜PˆÁd a+…SÔ\ˆÁ„[˝ c˜Ã^ XÁ --- [˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝Ã[˝ physical

consciousness CPˆÁÃ[˝ LXÓ* AcÕÃ[˝÷Y %[˝ÿöˆÁ aEı„_Ã[˝ c˜Ã^ --- TˆFX ÈW˝^ÔÓ W˝„Ã[˝
TˆÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ ÊªJÙTˆXÁ XÁ]Á„Tˆ c˜Ã^, %„XEı a]Ã^ _ÁG„_C l˘◊Tˆ XÁcÕ* Ã[˝÷YÁ‹ôˆÃ[˝
Tˆ F«[˝ Eı◊PˆX C ]c˜d EıÁL --- a]Ã^ _ÁGÁ ÿëˆÁ\ˆÁ◊[˝Eı* ÈW˝^ÔÓ W˝Ã[˝„Tˆ c˜Ã^*
26.9.36
*
AªRÙOÁ aTˆÓ Â^ [˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ]X, ÊªJÙÁF, ]«F a[˝ ]Á„Eı ◊V„Tˆ c˜Ã^ ◊X„LÃ[˝ XÃ^ Â\ˆ„[˝,
^Á„Tˆ a[˝ TˆÁÃ[˝cÕ ^‹óˆ c˜Ã^, %ÁÃ[˝ ◊EıªK«˜ XÃ^*
1.10.36
*
Aa[˝ ◊[˝_ÁY C %Á„y‘Á` TˆÁ]◊aEı %c˜eEıÁ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ _l˘S --- %Á◊] YÁ◊Ã[˝ XÁ,
%Á◊] ]Ã[˝[˝, %Á◊] ªJÙ„_ ^Á[˝ cÕTˆÓÁ◊V EıÃ[˝„_ [˝ÁW˝Á %ÁÃ[˝C H◊X„Ã^ A„a TˆÁ]◊aEı
%[˝ÿöˆÁ„Eı [˝Á◊QÕˆ„Ã^ ÂVÃ^, A‰ªTˆ aÁW˝XÁÃ[˝ ÂEıÁX =~◊TˆÃ[˝ aÁc˜Á^Ó c˜Ã^ XÁ* %Á◊]
AEıUÁ ÂTˆÁ]Á„Eı [˝ÁÃ[˝ [˝ÁÃ[˝ ◊_„F◊ªK˜_Á]* %Áa_ EıUÁ %ÁÃ[˝ AEı[˝ÁÃ[˝ ◊_◊F* ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝
aÁW˝XÁ XrÙ c˜Ã^◊X, ^Á ÂY„Ã^◊ªK˜„_ TˆÁC ªJÙ„_ ^ÁÃ^ ◊X, YÅ¤ÁÃ[˝ ◊YªK˜„X Y‰QÕˆ‰ªK˜ £W˝«*
aÁW˝XÁÃ[˝ Y„U AEıªRÙOÁ a]Ã^ %Á„a ^FX ÊªJÙTˆXÁ A„Eı[˝Á„Ã[˝ physical planeA
ÂX„] ^ÁÃ^* TˆFX ◊\ˆTˆ„[Ã ˝[Ã ˝ aw¯Á[Ã ˝ =YÃ[˝, ◊\ˆTˆ„[Ã ˝[Ã ˝ %X«\ˆ… ◊Tˆ[Ã ˝ =YÃ[˝ AEıRª ÙÁO %Y“[˝◊ w¯[Ã ˝
C %Y“EıÁ„`Ã[˝ YÅ¤Á Y‰QÕˆ, A]X Â[˝ÁW˝ c˜Ã^ Â^ aÁW˝XÁ %ÁÃ[˝ ◊EıªK«˜cÕ XÁcÕ, aspi-
ration XÁcÕ, %X«\…ˆ◊Tˆ XÁcÕ, ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ aÁ◊~W˝Ó XÁcÕ, A„Eı[˝Á„Ã[˝ aÁW˝ÁÃ[˝S ]ÁX«„bÃ[˝
]Tˆ c˜„Ã^◊ªK˜* AcÕ %[˝ÿöˆÁ Â^ £W˝« ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝cÕ c˜„Ã^‰ªK˜ TˆÁ XÃ^, aEı„_Ã[˝ c˜Ã^ [˝Á c˜„Ã^‰ªK˜
[˝Á c˜„[˝, A]X ◊Eı Ê`“úˆ aÁW˝Eı„VÃ[˝C c˜Ã^* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ aTˆÓ EıUÁ c˜‰¨K˜ AcÕ Â^ AªRÙOÁ
aÁW˝XY„UÃ[˝ AEıªRÙOÁ passage ]Áy, ^◊VC [˝QÕˆ V›HÔ passage* A %[˝ÿöˆÁÃ^ XÁ
XÁ]„_ Y«„Ã[˝Á Ã[˝÷YÁ‹ôˆÃ[˝ c˜Ã^ XÁ* AcÕ \…ˆ◊]„Tˆ ÂX„] ÂaFÁ„X ◊ÿöˆÃ[˝ c˜„Ã^ ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝
`◊N˛Ã[˝ ÂF_Á, Ã[˝÷YÁ‹ôˆ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ EıÁL ÂQˆ„Eı %ÁX„Tˆ c˜Ã^, %Á‰ÿôˆ %Á‰ÿôˆ a[˝ cleared
c˜„Ã^ ^ÁÃ^, %Y“EıÁ„`Ã[˝ [˝V„_ ◊V[˝Ó Y“EıÁ` c˜Ã^, %Y“[˝ ◊w¯Ã[˝ [˝V„_ ◊V[˝Ó `◊N˛ C
%X«\…ˆ◊TˆÃ[˝ Y“EıÁ` c˜Ã^, £W˝« ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ XÃ^, [˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝, £W˝« =¨JÙ \…ˆ◊]„Tˆ XÃ^, ◊X∂oˆ
\…ˆ◊]„Tˆ, `Ã[˝›Ã[˝ ÊªJÙTˆXÁÃ^, %[˝‰ªJÙTˆXÁÃ^C c˜Ã^* %ÁÃ[˝ Â^ a[˝ %X«\…ˆ◊TˆÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ YÅ¤Á
Y‰QÕˆ◊ªK˜_, Âam„_Á Â[˝◊Ã[˝„Ã^ %Á„a, AcÕ a[˝ \…ˆ◊]„EıC %◊W˝EıÁÃ[˝ Eı„Ã[˝* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ
ac˜„L `›H– c˜Ã^ XÁ, %Á‰ÿôˆ %Á‰ÿôˆ c˜Ã^ --- ÈW˝^ÔÓ ªJÙÁcÕ, ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ =YÃ[˝ ◊[˝`üÁa ªJÙÁcÕ,
V›HÔEıÁ_[˝ÓÁY› a◊c˜b«’TˆÁ ªJÙÁcÕ* Â^ \ˆG[˝ÁX„Eı ªJÙÁÃ^ TˆÁ„Eı \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ LXÓ EırÙ
ÿëˆ›EıÁÃ[˝ EıÃ[˝„Tˆ c˜Ã^* Â^ aÁW˝XÁ ªJÙÁÃ^, TˆÁ„Eı aÁW˝XÁ Y„UÃ[˝ EırÙ [˝ÁW˝Á, ◊[˝YÃ[˝›Tˆ
%[˝ÿöˆÁ„Eı ac˜Ó EıÃ[˝„Tˆ c˜Ã^* £W˝« aÁW˝XÁÃ^ a«F C ◊[˝_Áa ªJÙÁcÕ„_ ªJÙ_„[˝ XÁ, [˝ÁW˝Á
%Á‰ªK˜ [˝„_, ◊[˝YÃ[˝›Tˆ %[˝ÿöˆÁ %Á„a [˝„_ ÂEı[˝_ EıÁ~ÁEıÁ◊ªRÙO C ◊XÃ[˝Á`Á ÂYÁbS
EıÃ[˝„_ ªJÙ_„[˝ XÁ* TˆÁ„Tˆ YU %ÁÃ[˝C V›HÔ c˜Ã^* ÈW˝^ÔÓ ªJÙÁcÕ, `“à˘Á ªJÙÁcÕ, ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝
=YÃ[˝ a+…SÔ ◊X\ˆ¤Ã[˝ ªJÙÁcÕ*
14.12.36
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AcÕ attitudecÕ \ˆÁ_* ^FXcÕ [˝ÁW˝Á c˜Ã^, ÊªJÙTˆXÁÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ YÅ¤Á Y‰QÕˆ, TˆFX
◊[˝ªJÙ◊_Tˆ XÁ c˜„Ã^ `Á‹ôˆ\ˆÁ„[˝ ]Á„Eı QˆÁEı„Tˆ c˜Ã^ ^Tˆl˘S YÅ¤Á F„a XÁ ^ÁÃ^* YÅ¤Á
Y‰QÕˆ [˝‰ªRÙO ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ◊YªK˜„X a[˝cÕ %Á‰ªK˜*
15.12.36
*
]Á cÕ¨K˜Á Eı„Ã[˝ %ÁHÁTˆ Eı„Ã[˝X ◊X! Tˆ„[˝ ^◊V ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ ÂEıÁX [˝ÁaXÁ [˝Á %c˜eEıÁÃ[˝
UÁ„Eı, Âam„_Á =‰Pˆ ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ EıÁ‰ªK˜ ÿëˆ›E ı◊Tˆ [˝Á ÂYÁbS XÁ ÂY„Ã^ ◊X„L„Eı %Ác˜Tˆ
Â[˝ÁW˝ Eı„Ã[˝ %ÁÃ[˝ aÁW˝Eı ]„X Eı„Ã[˝ ]Á %Á]Á„Eı %ÁHÁTˆ ◊V‰¨K˜X* ^◊V [˝Á EıFX
%ÁHÁTˆ ÂVX, %c˜eEıÁÃ[˝ C [˝ÁaXÁ„Eı %ÁHÁTˆ ÂVX, ÂTˆÁ]Á„Eı XÃ^* %c˜eEıÁÃ[˝ C
[˝ÁaXÁ„Eı [˝#¤X Eı„Ã[˝ a+…SÔ %Á±¡a]YÔS EıÃ[˝„_ Y“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝ a[˝ ÂVÁb y‘„] y‘„]
%‹ôˆ◊c˜¤Tˆ c˜Ã^, A[˝e ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ ◊ªJÙÃ[˝aÁ◊~W˝Ó YÁCÃ^Á ^ÁÃ^*
15.1.37
*
AcÕ X›‰ªJÙ XÁ]Á `ÁÃ[˝›◊Ã[˝Eı ÊªJÙTˆ XÁÃ^ aEı_ aÁW˝„EıÃ[˝cÕ c˜Ã^ --- XÁ XÁ]„_ Âa
ÊªJÙTˆXÁÃ^ Ã[˝÷YÁ‹ôˆÃ[˝ c˜CÃ^Á Eı◊PˆX*
24.1.37
*
X: %Á◊] Y“ÁÃ^ a]Ã^ ÊªJÙrÙÁ EıÃ[˝◊ªK˜ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ %Á„_Á C ÊªJÙTˆXÁ„Eı
ÂQˆ„Eı %ÁX„Tˆ ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ ÂTˆ]X ◊EıªK«˜ c˜‰¨K˜ XÁ ]Á, %Á◊] ◊Eı EıÃ[˝[˝?
=: ÈW˝^ÔÓ W˝„Ã[˝ ÊªJÙrÙÁ EıÃ[˝„_ Â`„b Zı_ c˜„Tˆ %ÁÃ[˝êˆ c˜Ã^* `Ã[˝›Ã[˝‰ªJÙTˆXÁ ÂFÁ„_,
%„î %„î Y◊Ã[˝[˝wÔ¯X %ÁÃ[˝êˆ c˜Ã^*
24.1.37
*
A„Tˆ ◊[˝ªJÙ◊_Tˆ c˜„Ã^Á XÁ* Â^ÁGY„U AcÕÃ[˝÷Y %[˝ÿöˆÁ %Á„acÕ --- ^FX ◊X∂oˆTˆ]
`Ã[˝›Ã[˝‰ªJÙTˆXÁÃ^ C %[˝‰ªJÙTˆXÁÃ^ XÁ][˝ÁÃ[˝ a]Ã^ %Á„a ---- Âa a]ÿôˆ %„XEı◊VX
◊ªRÙEO ı‰Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝* ◊Eı‹ôˆ« A YÅ¤Á[Ã ˝ ◊YªK˜„X ]Á %Á‰ªK˜X, Y„Ã[˝ ÂVFÁ ÂV„[˝X, AcÕ ◊X∂oˆ[Ã ˝ÁLÓ
=Y„Ã[˝Ã[˝ %Á„_Á„EıÃ[˝ Ã[˝Á„LÓ Y◊Ã[˝STˆ c˜„[˝, AcÕ V ªRÕÙ ◊[˝`üÁa ÂÃ[˝„F a[˝ a]YÔS
EıÃ[˝„Tˆ EıÃ[˝„Tˆ AcÕ [˝ÁW˝ÁY…SÔ %[˝ÿöˆÁÃ[˝ Â`bY^ÔÓ‹ôˆ A◊G„Ã^ ªJÙ_*
8.3.37
*
]Á ÂTˆÁ]Á ÂU„Eı V…„Ã[˝ ^ÁX◊X, a„ÜcÕ %Á‰ªK˜X --- [˝◊c˜‰∏JÙTˆXÁÃ[˝ YÅ¤ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ
%X«\ˆ[˝ EıÃ[˝ XÁ --- Tˆ„[˝ ◊[˝`üÁa ÂÃ[˝„F UÁEı„Tˆ c˜Ã^ Â^ ]Á %Á‰ªK˜X ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ a„Ü,
◊\ˆTˆ„[Ã ˝cÕ [Ã ˝„^Ã ‰ªK˜X, Âa ◊[˝`Áü „a Jª Ù_„Tˆ c˜^Ã * AcÕ a[˝ [˝ÁW˝Á Tˆ ◊EıKª ˜« cÕ XÃ^, ]ÁX«b]Á‰ycÕ
Ã[˝„Ã^‰ªK˜, ""=Y^«N˛'' Tˆ ÂEıc˜cÕ XÁcÕ --- AcÕ a[˝ \ˆÁ_ FÁÃ[˝Á„YÃ[˝ GSXÁ [˝ UÁ*
]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ =YÃ[˝ ◊[˝`üÁa C %ªªR«ÙOªRÙO aspiration Ã[˝ÁFÁcÕ a[˝, TˆÁ„Tˆ Â`„b a[˝ [˝ÁW˝Á
%◊Tˆy‘] EıÃ[˝Á c˜Ã^*
14.3.37
*
^TˆcÕ ◊X‰∂oˆ C %Tˆ_ G\ˆ›„Ã[˝ ^ÁC, ]Á ÂaFÁ„X ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ a„Ü %Á‰ªK˜X*

18.3.37
*
]Á \ˆG[˝ÁX ªK˜ÁQÕˆÁ T«ˆ◊] XC --- ]Á Tˆ ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ a„ÜcÕ %Á‰ªK˜X --- aÁW˝Eı

YÁTˆÁ„_ XÁ„] ÂaFÁ„X =Y„Ã[˝Ã[˝ %Á„_Á C ÊªJÙTˆXÁ %ÁX[˝ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ --- AcÕ ◊[˝`üÁa
ÂÃ[˝„F W˝›Ã[˝◊ªJÙ„w¯ ªJÙ_, Âa %Á„_Á Âa ÊªJÙTˆXÁ XÁ]„[˝cÕ*
3.4.37
*
Â`b Y‰y ^Á ◊_„FªK˜, a[˝cÕ aTˆÓ --- AcÕÃ[˝÷Y a‰ªJÙTˆX c˜„Ã^ a[˝ a]Ã^ UÁEı
--- [˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝Ã[˝ &„`Ô [˝Á ◊]UÓÁÃ[˝ `◊N˛Ã[˝ suggestionA %ÁÃ[˝ ◊[˝ªJÙ◊_Tˆ [˝Á ◊[˝]…ªRÕÙ
c˜„Tˆ c˜„[˝ XÁ* ◊X„LÃ[˝ ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ UÁEı Â^FÁ„X ]Á %Á‰ªK˜X --- [˝Á◊c˜Ã[˝ Tˆ [˝Á◊c˜Ã[˝,
[˝Á◊c˜Ã[˝„Eı ◊\ˆTˆÃ[˝ ÂU„Eı a„TˆÓÃ[˝ ªJÙl«˘ ◊V„Ã^ ÂVF„Tˆ c˜Ã^, TˆÁ c˜„_cÕ aÁW˝Eı ◊XÃ[˝ÁYV
c˜„Ã^ UÁ„Eı* aÁW˝EıÃ[˝ÁcÕ %p˚Á„X Q«ˆ„[˝ ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ EıÁªK˜ ÂU„Eı V…Ã[˝ c˜„Ã^ ^ÁÃ^* ]Á Tˆ
EıFX V…Ã[˝ c˜X XÁ, ◊ªJÙÃ[˝EıÁ_ ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ a„ÜcÕ %Á‰ªK˜X* ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ UÁEı„_ TgˆÁ„Eı c˜ÁÃ[˝ÁÃ^
XÁ*
Y«X∏JÙ --- %a«FªRÙOÁ Â[˝ÁW˝ c˜Ã^ AcÕ %Áy‘]„SÃ[˝ Zı_, `Á‹ôˆ c˜„Ã^ ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ ◊V„Eı
`Ã[˝›Ã[˝-ÂªJÙTˆXÁ F«„_ Ã[˝ÁF --- Âa„Ã[˝ ^Á„[˝*
3.6.37
*
X: AFX Y“◊Tˆ ]«c…˜„wÔ¯ `üÁ„a Y“`üÁ„a Y“„TˆÓEı ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ„Tˆ C V ◊rÙ„Tˆ %aeFÓ ÊªK˜ÁªRÙO
ÊªK˜ÁªRÙO ◊`◊`Ã[˝◊[˝≥V«Ã[˝ ]Tˆ [˝ÁW˝Á %X«\ˆ[˝ c˜‰¨K˜* Y“ÁÃ^cÕ ]ÁUÁ EıÁ]QÕˆÁÃ^, ◊[˝„`b Eı„Ã[˝
^FX ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ Q«ˆ„[˝ UÁ◊Eı TˆFX %ac˜Ó c˜Ã^* EıFXC EıFXC [˝«„EıÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó \ˆ„Ã^Ã[˝
]Tˆ AEı◊ªRÙO Eı+ c˜Ã^ C ]XY“ÁS Â[˝`› ªK˜ªRÙOZıªRÙO Eı„Ã[˝, ÂEıÁX a]Ã^ G_Á„Tˆ EgıÁ≈ªRÙOÁÃ[˝
]Tˆ ◊Eı %Á„a...*
=: `Ã[˝›Ã[˝‰ªJÙTˆXÁ Tˆ A a[˝ [˝ÁW˝Á =◊Pˆ„Ã^ ÂV„[˝cÕ* Am„_Á„Eı =„Yl˘Á Eı„Ã[˝
V ªRÕÙ c˜„Ã^ ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ EıÁ‰ªK˜ ^Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ V ªRÕÙ a·¯î Ã[˝ÁF„[˝, Tˆ„[˝ [˝ÁW˝Ám„_Á Â`„b %ÁÃ[˝ YU
ÂÃ[˝ÁW˝ EıÃ[˝„Tˆ YÁÃ[˝„[˝ XÁ*
6.6.37
*
]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ aÁc˜Á^Ó Tˆ %Á‰ªK˜cÕ --- [˝ÁW˝ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ ◊XÃ[˝Á` XÁ c˜„Ã^ ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ X›Ã[˝[˝
c˜„Ã^ ◊X„L„Eı F«„_ UÁEı, Âa aÁc˜Á^Ó YÁ„[˝, G–c˜S EıÃ[˝„Tˆ YÁÃ[˝„[˝*
31.8.37
*
]Á„Ã^[Ã ˝ \ˆÁ_[˝ÁaÁ C aÁc˜Á^Ó a[˝ a]Ã^cÕ %Á‰ªK˜, TˆÁc˜Á[Ã ˝ %\ˆÁ[˝ EıFXC c˜^Ã XÁ*
26.9.38
*
X: AFXC Y^ÔÓ‹ôˆ ÂEıX %Á◊] a[˝ a]Ã^ ]Á„Eı EıÁ„LÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó ÿˆÇÃ[˝S EıÃ[˝„Tˆ
YÁ◊Ã[˝ XÁ?
=: cÕc˜Á ]„XÃ[˝ ÿëˆ\ˆÁ[˝ Âa ^Ác˜Á Eı„Ã[˝ TˆÁ„TˆcÕ ]G¬ UÁ„Eı --- aÁW˝XÁÃ[˝ %\ˆÓÁ„aÃ[˝
[˝„_ ]„XÃ[˝ AcÕ aÁW˝ÁÃ[˝S G◊Tˆ %◊Tˆy‘] EıÃ[˝Á ^ÁÃ^*
*
a]ÿôˆ aw¯Á a[˝ detailA ÂFÁ_Á C a+…SÔ a]◊YÔTˆ c˜„Tˆ a]Ã^ _Á„G
--- ◊[˝„`b lower vital C physicalA (XÁ◊\ˆÃ[˝ X›‰ªJÙ C YÁ„Ã^Ã[˝ Tˆ_ Y^ÔÓ‹ôˆ)
=Y„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ËªJÙTˆXÓ XÁ]„Tˆ a]Ã^ _Á„G* ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ higher vital Â[˝` ÂFÁ_Á %Á‰ªK˜,
◊X∂oˆ Y“ÁS C `Ã[˝›Ã[˝‰ªJÙTˆXÁ F«_‰ªK˜ --- ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ a+…SÔ ÂFÁ„_ ◊X, ÂacÕ LXÓ AFXC
[˝ÁW˝Á %Á‰ªK˜ --- ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ TˆÁ„Tˆ ◊[˝ªJÙ◊_Tˆ c˜„Tˆ ÂXcÕ* ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ EıÁL ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝
V–”Tˆ c˜‰¨K˜, a[˝ c˜„Ã^ ^Á„[˝*
*
%Á◊] ◊_„F◊ªK˜_Á] Â^ ÂEıÁX [˝ÁaXÁ [˝Á VÁ[˝›„Eı %Á`“Ã^ XÁ ◊V„Ã^ ]Á„EıcÕ ªJÙÁcÕ„Tˆ
c˜Ã^* [˝ÁaXÁ cÕTˆÓÁ◊V %Á„a Y“Á„SÃ[˝ Y«Ã[˝ÁTˆX %\ˆÓÁa VÃ[˝”S --- Tˆ„[˝ ^◊V aÁÃ^
XÁ VÁC %ÁÃ[˝ ÂZı„_ VÁC Y“„TˆÓEı[˝ÁÃ[˝, %\ˆÓÁ„a ÂLÁÃ[˝ Eı„] ^Á„[˝, Â`„b [˝ÁaXÁ
VÁ[˝› %ÁÃ[˝ %Áa„[˝ XÁ*
*
It is very good --- ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ Y◊Ã[˝[˝wÔ¯X ^FX c˜„Ã^‰ªK˜, [˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝Ã[˝C %Á‰ÿôˆ
%Á‰ÿôˆ c˜„Ã^ ^Á„[˝, [˝◊c˜faw¯Á ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ Y“EıÁ`, ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ ^‹óˆ c˜„[˝*
*
X: %Á◊] a]ÿôˆ %ÁW˝Á„Ã[˝ ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ `◊N˛Ã[˝ %[˝TˆÃ[˝S C EıÁL feel EıÃ[˝◊ªK˜*

◊YªK˜„X %UÔÁd ◊Y„PˆÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó ◊EıªK«˜ F«_‰ªK˜ Â[˝ÁW˝ c˜‰¨K˜ A[˝e TˆÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ `Á◊‹ôˆ
C %Á„_Á ÂVF◊ªK˜ C feel EıÃ[˝◊ªK˜*
=: cÕc˜Á F«[˝ \ˆÁ_* ÂYªK˜„XÃ[˝ aw¯ÁªRÙOÁ Y“ÁÃ^cÕ %‰ªJÙTˆX c˜„Ã^ UÁ„Eı %ÁÃ[˝ TˆÁÃ[˝
•ÁÃ[˝Á [˝ÁW˝Á ªR«ÙEı„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ ac˜„L* AcÕ ÂYªK˜„XÃ[˝ \ˆÁ[˝ªRÙOÁ ÂFÁ_Á C a‰ªJÙTˆX c˜CÃ^ÁÃ^
F«[˝ \ˆÁ_ Zı_ c˜Ã^*
*
]Á Tˆ %Á‰ªK˜X ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝* Â^ YÅ¤Á Y‰QÕˆ‰ªK˜ physical Y“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝, TˆÁÃ[˝cÕ

=YÃ[˝ `◊N˛Ã[˝ EıÁL EıÃ[˝Á c˜‰¨K˜, Âa ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ %Á„_Á„Eı Â`„b transparent c˜„Ã^
^Á„[˝*
*
H«] XÁ c˜CÃ^Á, `Ã[˝›Ã[˝ V«[[˝Ô_ c˜CÃ^Á ◊EıªK«˜„TˆcÕ \ˆÁ„_Á XÃ^* H«] XÁ c˜„_ `Ã[˝›Ã[˝
V«[[˝_Ô c˜„[˝c˜*O H«„]C aÁW˝XÁÃ[˝ %[˝ÿˆö Á UÁEı„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝* %UÔÁd ]Á„Ã^[Ã ˝ ÂEıÁ„_ H«„]ÁX,
◊Eı‹ô«ˆ H«] ªJÙÁcÕ-cÕ*
*
AEı[˝ÁÃ[˝ ◊[˝`V %[˝ÿöˆÁ, AEı[˝ÁÃ[˝ [˝ÁW˝ÁÃ[˝ %[˝ÿöˆÁ, A aEı„_Ã[˝ c˜Ã^* aÁW˝XÁÃ[˝

y‘] AcÕ* ◊ÿöˆÃ[˝ c˜„Ã^ UÁEı, %Á‰ÿôˆ %Á‰ÿôˆ ◊[˝`V %[˝ÿöˆÁ [˝ÁQÕˆ„[˝, [˝ÁW˝ÁÃ[˝ %[˝ÿöˆÁ
Eı„] ^Á„[˝, Â`„b %ÁÃ[˝ %Áa„[˝ XÁ*
*
%`Á◊‹ôˆ C %ÎªJÙTˆXÓTˆÁ A„_, `Á‹ôˆ c˜„Ã^ Y“TˆÓÁFÓÁX Eı„Ã[˝ ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ ◊XEıªRÙO a]YÔS
EıÃ[˝ --- TˆÁ c˜„_ Cm„_Á ◊ªRÙOEı„Tˆ YÁÃ[˝„[˝ XÁ*
*
]Á„Ã^[Ã ˝ aÁc˜Á^Ó ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ a„Ü %Á‰ªK˜cÕ --- ◊X„L„Eı F«„_ [Ã ˝ÁF„_ ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ ◊\ˆTˆ„[Ã ˝
TˆÁÃ[˝ EıÁL aZı_ c˜„[˝*
*
cÕc˜ÁcÕ ªJÙÁcÕ --- ^◊V [˝ÁW˝Á A„aC ªRÙO_Á„Tˆ XÁ YÁ„Ã[˝, TˆÁ c˜„_ Âa ÊªJÙTˆXÁÃ[˝ Â^X
AEıªRÙO› V ªRÕÙ Y“◊TˆúˆÁ c˜„Ã^ ^Á‰¨K˜ --- Â^]X ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝, ÂTˆ]XcÕ [˝◊c˜fY“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó*
*
zıÁ◊‹ôˆ„[˝ÁW˝ `Ã[˝›[Ã ˝‰Jª ÙTˆXÁÃ[˝ --- Tˆ„]ÁmS ^ÁÃ[˝ Y“W˝ÁX _l˘S* ^FX A `Ã[˝›[Ã ˝‰Jª ÙTˆXÁ
\ˆÁ„[˝ Â^ "%Á◊] EıÁL Eı◊¨JÙ¤' TˆFX AcÕ zıÁ◊‹ôˆ„[˝ÁW˝ c˜Ã^* %ÁLEıÁ_ %Á`“„]
`Ã[˝›Ã[˝‰ªJÙTˆXÁÃ^ AcÕ Tˆ„]ÁmS F«[˝ ÂF_‰ªK˜, AEıL„XÃ[˝ ÊªJÙTˆXÁ ÂU„Eı %Y„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ]„W˝Ó
Y“aÁÃ[˝ c˜‰¨K˜*
*
"]Á %ÁL Gêˆ›Ã[˝ c˜„Ã^ Ã[˝„Ã^‰ªK˜X, %Á]ÁÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ ◊Tˆ◊X %a‹ô«ˆrÙ* %Á◊] Â^Á„GÃ[˝
%„^ÁGÓ, %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ◊EıªK«˜ c˜„[˝ XÁ' AcÕ a[˝ ]„XÃ[˝ ÂFÃ^Á_ Eı„Ã[˝ %Á`“„]Ã[˝ %„X„Eı
◊[˝Ã[˝”à˘ `◊N˛Ã[˝ %Áy‘]S ◊X„LÃ[˝ ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ Y“„[˝` EıÃ[˝„Tˆ ÂVÃ^, ^‹óˆSÁ Â\ˆÁG Eı„Ã[˝,
A]X ◊Eı ªJÙÃ[˝] ◊[˝Y„V YQÕˆ[˝ÁÃ[˝ =„VÓÁG Eı„Ã[˝* T«ˆ◊] C„VÃ[˝ ]TˆX Eı„Ã[˝Á XÁ* AcÕ
a[˝ ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ ^FX %Á„a, TˆFX TˆÁ◊QÕˆ„Ã^ VÁC* Confidence in the Mother c˜‰¨K˜
AcÕ Â^Á„GÃ[˝ Y“W˝ÁX %[˝_∂ëˆX, ÂacÕ confidence EıFX c˜ÁÃ[˝Á„Tˆ XÁcÕ*
*
%[˝`Ó [˝ÁEıae^] aÁW˝XÁÃ[˝ Y„U F«[˝ =YEıÁÃ[˝›* %◊Tˆ]Áy (%XÁ[˝`ÓEı) EıUÁ

[˝_ÁÃ^ `◊N˛l˘Ã^ c˜Ã^ %ÁÃ[˝ ◊X∂oˆ ÊªJÙTˆXÁÃ^ %[˝TˆÃ[˝S ac˜„L c˜Ã^*
*
[˝◊c˜∂ˆÇÔ„XÃ[˝ [˝ÁW˝Á %◊Tˆy‘] EıÃ[˝Á Y“ÁÃ^ a]Ã^ aÁ„Yl˘ EıÁÃ[˝S TˆÁÃ[˝ ]…_ ÿëˆ\ˆÁ„[˝Ã[˝
]Á◊ªRÙO„Tˆ ÂYgÁTˆÁ, `N˛ C G\ˆ›„Ã[˝ ^ÁÃ^* AcÕ [˝ÁW˝ÁÃ^ ◊[˝ªJÙ◊_Tˆ c˜CÃ^Á =◊ªJÙTˆ XÃ^,
AcÕ stageA Âa ÿëˆÁ\ˆÁ◊[˝Eı* Patience C perseverence ªJÙÁcÕ TˆÁ„Eı a+…SÔ
◊X∂ˆÇ…Ô_ EıÃ[˝„Tˆ*
*
[˝„_◊ªK˜ EıTÊıªRÙOÁ [˝ÁW˝Á UÁEı„[˝ =Y„Ã[˝ =Y„Ã[˝, ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ `Á‹ôˆ ◊ÿöˆÃ[˝ UÁEı„_ ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝
ªR«ÙEı„Tˆ YÁÃ[˝„[˝ XÁ --- aÁW˝XÁ EıÃ[˝„Tˆ EıÃ[˝„Tˆ Âa =Y„Ã[˝Ã[˝ [˝ÁW˝Á y‘„] y‘„] ªJÙ„_
^Á„[˝ --- Am„_Á Y“ÁÃ^cÕ c˜PˆÁd ^ÁÃ^ XÁ*
*
X: ]Á, W˝ÓÁ„X Â^]X `Á◊‹ôˆ %Á„_Á YÁcÕ, LÁG–„TˆC Â^X TˆÁ YÁ◊¨K˜* T«ˆ◊] ◊Eı
AFX %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó ÂX„] A„aªK˜? ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ ªJÙÃ[˝S V«FÁXÁ ]„X c˜‰¨K˜ %Á]ÁÃ[˝
◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ ÂX„] A„a‰ªK˜ C =Y◊ÿöˆTˆ %Á‰ªK˜*
=: It is very good. a[˝ ◊ªK˜_ ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝, ◊EıªK«˜cÕ c˜ÁÃ[˝ÁC ◊X --- ÂVFªK˜, a[˝
◊Zı„Ã[˝ %Áa‰ªK˜*
*
X: ]Á, EıÁ_ Â^ aÁÃ[˝Á◊VX %Á◊] y‘≥VX Eı„Ã[˝◊ªK˜_Á] ÂEıXXÁ %Á◊] a[˝ a]Ã^
ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ a„Ü ^«N˛ XcÕ ÂEıX A[˝e ÂEıX %Á◊] pure C ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ ◊V„Eı a+…SÔ\ˆÁ„[˝
open XcÕ, %ÁL Âa V«fF %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ªJÙ„_ ÂG‰ªK˜* %ÁL„Eı %Á◊] a[˝ a]Ã^ a[˝
◊EıªK«˜„Tˆ ÂTˆÁ]Á„Eı feel EıÃ[˝◊ªK˜ %ÁÃ[˝ T«ˆ◊] Â^X W˝›„Ã[˝ W˝›„Ã[˝ %Á„Ã[˝Á %Á]ÁÃ[˝ EıÁ‰ªK˜
A◊G„Ã^ %ÁaªK˜ A[˝e %Á]Á„Eı ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ %Á„_Á C `Á◊‹ôˆ ◊V„Ã^ \ˆ„Ã[˝ T«ˆ_ªK˜*
=: A a[˝ \ˆÁ_cÕ* AFXC Â^ a[˝a]Ã^ a+…SÔ\ˆÁ„[˝ c˜Ã^ XÁ, cÕc˜Á %Á∏JÙ^ÔÓ
XÃ^, V«f„FÃ[˝ EıUÁ XÃ^* ATˆ `›H– Â^ ATˆV…Ã[˝ A◊G„Ã^‰ªK˜ aÁW˝XÁ, cÕc˜ÁcÕ %Á∏JÙ^ÔÓ
C a«„FÃ[˝ EıUÁ*
*
X: ]Á, %ÁL Y“SÁ] EıÃ[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ a]Ã^ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ◊\ˆTˆÃ[˝ c˜„Tˆ ◊Eı Âa ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ EıÁªK˜
ÂU„Eı ◊EıªK«˜ ÂY„Tˆ ÊªJÙ„Ã^◊ªK˜_* ◊Eı EıÁÃ[˝„S %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ AÃ[˝Eı] c˜_? ÂEıX %Á◊]
Y“Z«ı{ %‹ôˆ„Ã[˝ ]«N˛\ˆÁ„[˝ a[˝ ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ `“›ªJÙÃ[˝„S ◊V„Tˆ YÁÃ[˝_Á] XÁ?
=: Â[˝ÁW˝ c˜Ã^, Y«„Ã[˝ÁX %\ˆÓÁ„aÃ[˝ VÃ[˝”X B ◊EıªK«˜ ÂY„Tˆ ªJÙÁCÃ^Á A„a◊ªK˜_*
[˝ÁaXÁ„Tˆ V«fF %Á„a* AEıªªR«ÙO aÁ[˝W˝ÁX c˜„Ã^ Y“TˆÓÁFÓÁX EıÃ[˝„_ ªJÙ„_ ^Á„[˝*
*
X: a[[˝ÔVÁ ]Á„Eı a[[˝Ôy ÂVF„Tˆ YÁCÃ^ÁÃ[˝ Â[˝ÁW˝ c˜‰¨K˜, %ÁÃ[˝ ÊªJÙÁF %`“”„Tˆ
\ˆ„Ã[˝ %Áa‰ªK˜* AcÕ %`“” Tˆ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ◊X„LÃ[˝ V«f„FÃ[˝ LXÓ XÃ^* Tˆ„[˝ cÕc˜Á ◊Eı„aÃ[˝
LXÓ?
=: %`“” ^FX V«f„FÃ[˝ XÃ^, TˆFX ÊY“]\ˆ◊N˛Ã[˝cÕ %`“”*
*
X: ]Á, T«ˆ◊] ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ ◊`£„Eı A[˝e ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ ◊`£Ã[˝ a[˝ ◊X„Ã^ ◊X„Ã^ªK˜ A[˝e
ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ %ÁÃ[˝ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ]Á„Mı ÂEıÁX Â\ˆV ÂXcÕ* AcÕ a[˝ ◊Eı ÂVF◊ªK˜ ]Á, V „`ÓÃ[˝
]Tˆ, EıÁî◊XEı ◊L◊X„aÃ[˝ ]Tˆ?
=: AcÕ %[˝ÿöˆÁ \ˆÁ_cÕ* Â\ˆV ^FX XÁcÕ, TˆFX ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ÊªJÙTˆXÁ ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ a„Ü
◊]„_ %Á‰ªK˜ [˝„_ Âa Ã[˝Eı] Â[˝ÁW˝ c˜Ã^*
*
X: c˜÷V„Ã^ ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ %Áa„XÃ[˝ V«YÁ„` F«[˝ =YÃ[˝ c˜„Tˆ V«‰ªRÙOÁ Ÿa◊QÕˆ ÂX„] A„a‰ªK˜,
AEı◊ªRÙO Ã[˝÷YÁÃ[˝ %ÁÃ[˝ AEı◊ªRÙO ÂaÁXÁÃ[˝* AcÕ Ÿa◊QÕˆ ◊V„Ã^ ÊªK˜ÁªRÙO [˝Á◊_EıÁÃ[˝ ]Tˆ %„XEı
`◊N˛ XÁ]‰ªK˜; TˆÁ„VÃ[˝ Ã[˝÷Y, ÂYÁ`ÁEı, %Á„_Á V«cÕ Ã[˝Eı] --- ◊[˝£à˘ aÁVÁ %ÁÃ[˝
=#ù_ a…„^ÔÓÃ[˝ ]Tˆ*
=: %ÁW˝ÓÁ◊≈±¡EıTˆÁÃ[˝ YU C %ÁW˝ÓÁ◊≈±¡Eı `◊N˛ C >„à˘¤Ã[˝ a„TˆÓÃ[˝ YU C ÂacÕ
a„TˆÓÃ[˝ `◊N˛*
*
X: ]Á„Mı ]Á„Mı feel Eı◊Ã[˝ Â^ F«[˝ =YÃ[˝ c˜„Tˆ ÂEı %Á]Á„Eı ]W˝«Ã[˝\ˆÁ„[˝ [˝_‰ªK˜X,
""%ÁÃ^, %ÁÃ^, a[˝ ÊªK˜‰QÕˆ a]YÔS Eı„Ã[˝ =‰Pˆ %ÁÃ^''* %ÁÃ[˝ AcÕ [˝ÁS› Â`ÁXÁÃ[˝ aÁ„U
F«[˝ =#ù_ X›_ %Á„_ÁC YÁcÕ* ]Á, ÂEı %Á]Á„Eı QˆÁEı‰ªK˜X?
=: AEı◊VX =Y„Ã[˝ --- ]„XÃ[˝ =Y„Ã[˝ =Pˆ„Tˆ c˜„[˝* =Y„Ã[˝Ã[˝ `Á◊‹ôˆ `◊N˛ XÁ]Á
C =Y„Ã[˝ =‰Pˆ ]„XÃ[˝ =Y„Ã[˝ UÁEıÁ AcÕ Â^Á„GÃ[˝ Y„l˘ %◊Tˆ Y“„Ã^ÁLX›Ã^*
*
X: %ÁL %Á]ÁÃ[˝ aÁ„U ÂEıÁX ◊EıªK«˜Ã[˝ a∂ëˆµ˘ ÂXcÕ, %Á◊] Â^X a[˝ ◊EıªK«˜ c˜„Tˆ
]«N˛ c˜„Ã^ G\ˆ›Ã[˝ `Á◊‹ôˆ ]ÁT ˆ]Ã^ ÊªJÙTˆXÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó Q«ˆ„[˝ %Á◊ªK˜* %ÁL V«cÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ V«cÕªRÙO›
FÁÃ[˝ÁY `◊N˛„Eı ÂV„F◊ªK˜_Á] C Â[˝ÁW˝ Eı„Ã[˝◊ªK˜_Á] TˆÁÃ[˝Á %Á]ÁÃ[˝ Y«Ã[˝„XÁ ÊªJÙTˆXÁ
C %µ˘EıÁ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ]„W˝Ó ◊V„Ã^ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó ªR«ÙEı„Tˆ ªJÙÁ‰¨K˜* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ %Á◊] %ªJÙá˚_ ÂU„Eı
a[˝ ÂTˆÁ]Á„VÃ[˝ `“›ªJÙÃ[˝„S [˝◊_ ◊V„Ã^◊ªK˜*
=: It is good. FÁÃ[˝ÁY `◊N˛ [˝Á %[˝ÿöˆÁ %Áa„Tˆ ªJÙÁcÕ„_cÕ, A]XcÕ `Á‹ôˆ C
a‰ªJÙTˆX ]„X ]Á„Eı QˆÁEı„_ TˆÁ ªJÙ„_ ^Á„[˝*
*
X: ]Á, T«ˆ◊] Â^X AFX ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ ◊`£Ã[˝ EıYÁ„_Ã[˝ ]ÁMıFÁ„X %ÁªK˜* %Á„G
ÂTˆÁ]Á„Eı c˜÷V„Ã^ feel EıÃ[˝TˆÁ] C ÂVFTˆÁ], AFX ÂEıX EıYÁ„_Ã[˝ ]„W˝Ó ÂVF◊ªK˜?
=: Â[˝ÁW˝ c˜Ã^ ]Á ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ ]X >àùÔ˘ ËªJÙTˆ„XÓÃ[˝ ◊V„Eı ◊[˝„`b\ˆÁ„[˝ F«_„Tˆ ªJÙÁX
[˝„_ EıYÁ„_ TgˆÁÃ[˝ ÿöˆÁX Eı„Ã[˝‰ªK˜X*
*
X: ]Á, AFX ÂVF◊ªK˜ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ G_ÁÃ^ AEı◊ªRÙO aÁVÁ Y„≤øÃ[˝ ]Á_Á ÂEı Y◊Ã[˝„Ã^
◊V„Ã^‰ªK˜* %Á]ÁÃ[˝ AFX ATˆ %ÁX≥V ÂEıX c˜„Ã^‰ªK˜ LÁ◊X XÁ*
=: It is very good. TˆÁÃ[˝ %UÔ physical mindA ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ ÊªJÙTˆXÁÃ[˝
%Á„_Á„EıÃ[˝ ÿöˆÁYX*
*
[ÿëˆ‰Y¬ aÁ◊W˝EıÁ ÂV„F‰ªK˜ Â^ `“›]Á TˆÁ„Eı Eı‰PˆÁÃ[˝\ˆÁ„[˝ ◊TˆÃ[˝ïıÁÃ[˝ EıÃ[˝‰ªK˜X* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ

aÁ◊W˝EıÁÃ[˝ ◊[˝`üÁa Â^ `“›]ÁÃ[˝ Ã[˝÷Y W˝„Ã[˝ ÂEıÁX ◊[˝„Ã[˝ÁW˝› `◊N˛ TˆÁ„Eı ◊[˝ªJÙ◊_Tˆ C
[˝Óÿôˆ EıÃ[˝‰ªK˜*]
=: AcÕ a[˝ ◊]UÓÁ ÿëˆY¬ %Á„a Y“Á„SÃ[˝ %[˝‰ªJÙTˆXÁ c˜„Tˆ --- LÁG–Tˆ %[˝ÿöˆÁÃ^
%ÁÃ[˝ XÁ ÂY„Ã[˝ H«„] %[˝‰ªJÙTˆX %[˝ÿöˆÁÃ^ ◊]UÓÁ ÂV◊F„Ã^ ^◊V ◊[˝ªJÙ◊_Tˆ Eı„Ã[˝, \ˆÁ„_Á
%[˝ÿöˆÁ XrÙ EıÃ[˝„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝, AcÕ ÊªJÙrÙÁ ◊[˝Ã[˝”à˘ `◊N˛ Eı‰¨K˜¤* AcÕ Ã[˝Eı] ÿëˆ‰Y¬ ÂEıÁX
%ÁÿöˆÁ ÿöˆÁYX EıÃ[˝„[˝ XÁ, ÂL„G ÂMı‰QÕˆ ÂZı„_ ÂV„[˝*
*
AcÕ sex-difficulty %Á`“„] %◊W˝EıÁe` aÁW˝Eı„VÃ[˝ Y“W˝ÁX [˝ÁW˝Á* AEı]Áy

]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ `◊N˛ TˆÁc˜Á %YaÁÃ[˝S EıÃ[˝„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ --- ◊X„L„Eı F«„_ Ã[˝ÁF Âa `◊N˛Ã[˝
EıÁ‰ªK˜ %ÁÃ[˝ a]ÿôˆ ]X Y“Á„S TˆÁÃ[˝ %Y„XÁV„XÃ[˝ LXÓ aspiration EıÃ[˝*
*
ATˆ V«[[˝Ô_TˆÁ c˜„Ã^‰ªK˜ XÁ ÂF„Ã^ XÁ H«◊]„Ã^* AcÕ ]Tˆ [XÁ] FÁCÃ^ÁÃ[˝ cÕ¨K˜Á
TˆÁ◊QÕˆ„Ã^ ◊V„Tˆ c˜„[˝ --- ÂLÁÃ[˝ Eı„Ã[˝ ÂF„Tˆ c˜„[˝ %ÁÃ[˝ y‘„] FÁCÃ^Á [˝Á◊QÕˆ„Ã^ ◊V„Tˆ
c˜„[˝, ^Tˆ◊VX %Á„GEıÁÃ[˝ ]Tˆ XÁ c˜Ã^* [˝ÓUÁ cÕTˆÓÁ◊V a[˝ V«[[˝Ô_TˆÁÃ[˝ L„XÓ c˜„Ã^‰ªK˜*
\ˆÁ_ ÂF„_ H«]C c˜Ã^* ...%Áa_ EıUÁ T«ˆ◊] ÂÃ[˝ÁG c˜„_ [˝QÕˆ Â[˝`› ªJÙá˚_ c˜C,
ÂacÕ LXÓ AcÕ a[˝ c˜Ã^* `Á‹ôˆ c˜„Ã^ UÁEı„_ %„î„Tˆ C `›H– Âa„Ã[˝ ^ÁÃ^* TˆÁÃ[˝YÃ[˝
DbW˝ ÂF„Tˆ ªJÙÁC XÁ, Âa %ÁÃ[˝ AEıªRÙOÁ ]«◊ïı_ --- DbW˝ ÂF„_ `›H– Âa„Ã[˝ ^ÁÃ^*
%U[˝Á DbW˝ ^◊V XÁ FÁC TˆÁc˜„_ F«[˝ `Á‹ôˆ a‰ªJÙTˆX c˜„Ã^ UÁEı„Tˆ c˜Ã^, TˆÁc˜„_C
`›H– aÁÃ[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ aêˆÁ[˝XÁ c˜Ã^* ^ÁcÕ Âc˜ÏEı AFX ÂF„_ H«„]Á„_ `Á‹ôˆ c˜„Ã^ ◊[˝`“Á]
EıÃ[˝„_ `Ã[˝›„Ã[˝Ã[˝ \ˆÁ„_Á %[˝ÿöˆÁ `›H– ◊Zı„Ã[˝ %Áa„[˝*
AcÕ aÁW˝XÁÃ^ Y“ÁS `Ã[˝›Ã[˝„Eı T«ˆ¨K˜ EıÃ[˝Á, ÂZı„_ ◊V„Tˆ ªJÙÁCÃ^Á ]ÿôˆ AEıªRÙO› \«ˆ_*
A Tˆ Y“ÁSc˜›X %`Ã[˝›[Ã ˝› Â^ÁGaÁW˝XÁ XÃ^* Y“ÁS `Ã[˝›[Ã ˝ ]Á„Ã^[Ã ˝ ^‹óˆ, [˝ÁaÿöˆÁX, ]◊≥VÃ[˝*
Y◊Ã[˝õıÁÃ[˝ Eı„Ã[˝ Ã[˝ÁF„Tˆ c˜Ã^, a[˝_ aLÁG Eı„Ã[˝ Ã[˝ÁF„Tˆ c˜Ã^* FÁCÃ^Á, H«] cÕTˆÓÁ◊V
neglect EıÃ[˝„Tˆ XÁcÕ, ^Á„Tˆ `Ã[˝›Ã[˝ \ˆÁ_ UÁ„Eı TˆÁcÕ EıÃ[˝„Tˆ c˜„[˝* AcÕ EıUÁ %ÁÃ[˝
\«ˆ„_ Â^C XÁ, `Ã[˝›Ã[˝ c˜‰¨K˜ aÁW˝XÁÃ[˝ W˝X* TˆÁc˜Á„Eı a∂ˆÇÁX EıÃ[˝„Tˆ c˜„[˝, \ˆÁ„_Á
%[˝ÿöˆÁÃ^ Ã[˝ÁF„Tˆ c˜„[˝*
*
X: ]Á, %Á◊] V…„Ã[˝ ÂU„Eı %ÁÃ[˝ ÂEıÁX ◊EıªK«˜ %X«\ˆ[˝ EıÃ[˝„Tˆ ÂVF„Tˆ ªJÙÁcÕ XÁ*
]ÁÃ[˝ ◊`£ ÂEıX ]ÁÃ[˝ EıÁªK˜ ÂU„Eı V…Ã[˝±ºˆ %X«\ˆ[˝ EıÃ[˝„[˝?
=: Âa EıUÁ ◊X„Ã^ ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ EıÃ[˝ XÁ --- ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝cÕ a[˝ ÿöˆÁYX EıÃ[˝, [˝Á◊c˜Ã[˝ªRÙOÁÃ[˝
a[˝ Y„Ã[˝ c˜„[˝*
*
X: ]Á, AFX %Á◊] ]Á„Mı ]Á„Mı aÁW˝ÁÃ[˝S ÊªJÙTˆXÁÃ^ C %Á„]Á„V %Á‚Ú˜Á„V Y‰QÕˆ
\«ˆ_ Eı◊Ã[˝, aÁeaÁ◊Ã[˝Eı ◊[˝bÃ^ ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ Eı◊Ã[˝ C %Á„_ÁªJÙXÁ Eı◊Ã[˝*
=: ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ ËªJÙTˆXÓ ^Tˆ ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó ÿöˆÁX ÂY„Ã^ a]ÿôˆ %ÁW˝ÁÃ[˝ VF_ Eı„Ã[˝
TˆTˆcÕ Cm„_Á [˝◊c˜õ ıTˆ [˝Á Ã[˝÷YÁ‹ôˆ◊Ã[˝Tˆ c˜„[˝* TˆTˆ◊VX ◊ÿöˆÃ[˝ W˝›Ã[˝ \ˆÁ„[˝ aÁW˝XÁ Eı„Ã[˝
ªJÙ_*
*
X: ]Á, ◊ªJÙ◊Pˆ ◊_F„Tˆ [˝a„_ EıTˆ ◊]UÓÁ LîXÁ EıîXÁ [˝ÁaXÁ %Áa‰ªK˜...
=: [˝ÁW˝Á„Eı ◊X„LÃ[˝ XÁ Â\ˆ„[˝ ÿëˆTˆ‹óˆ c˜„Ã^ TˆÁ„Eı ÂVF„[˝ %ÁÃ[˝ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ XÃ^ [˝„_
reject EıÃ[˝„[˝* TˆÁ c˜„_ %◊Tˆy‘] EıÃ[˝Á Â[˝`› ac˜L c˜Ã^*
X: ]Á, %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ]„XÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó AcÕ \ˆÁ[˝ %Áa‰ªK˜ Â^ T«ˆ◊] %Á]ÁÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ ◊[˝Ã[˝N˛
C %a‹ô«ˆrÙ, Âa LXÓ T«ˆ◊] %Á]Á„Eı ÂV„F c˜ÁaªK˜ XÁ, ÊªJÙ„Ã^C ÂVFªK˜ XÁ* %ÁÃ[˝C
]„X c˜‰¨K˜ Â^ %Á◊] F«[˝ FÁÃ[˝ÁY, ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ Â^Á„GÃ[˝ %X«Y^«N˛*
=: A a[˝ c˜‰¨K˜ [˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝Ã[˝ Y“ÁSY“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝ suggestion ÂTˆÁ]Á„Eı ◊XÃ[˝Á`ÁÃ^
ÂZı_[˝ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ C [˝ÁW˝Á a ◊rÙ EıÃ[˝ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ --- AcÕ a[˝ EıîXÁ„Eı ÿöˆÁX ◊V„Tˆ XÁcÕ*
*
X: c˜PˆÁd ÈV[˝[˝ÁS›Ã[˝ ]Tˆ ÂEı %Á]Á„Eı [˝__, ""ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ AcÕ [˝ÁW˝Á Â`b [˝ÁW˝Á,
A„Eı LÃ^ EıÃ[˝„Tˆ YÁÃ[˝„_ %ÁÃ[˝ XÃ^, ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ ÿöˆ…_ ÊªJÙTˆXÁ„Eı Y◊Ã[˝[˝wÔ¯X C Ã[˝÷YÁ‹ôˆÃ[˝
EıÃ[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ [˝ÁW˝Á A„a‰ªK˜* a[˝◊EıªK«˜ Ã[˝÷YÁ‹ôˆÃ[˝ c˜„Ã^ ]ÁT ˆ]Ã^ c˜„Ã^ UÁEı„Tˆ c˜„[˝*''
AcÕ a[˝ ◊Eı aTˆÓ, ]Á?
=: Â^ ◊VX psychic a[˝ a]Ã^ LÁG–Tˆ UÁEı„[˝ %ÁÃ[˝ =Y„Ã[˝C UÁEı„Tˆ YÁÃ[˝„[˝,
Âa ◊VX AcÕ [˝ÁS› aZı_ c˜„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝* AFX TˆÁÃ[˝cÕ LXÓ Y“ÿô«ˆTˆ c˜¨K˜*
*
W˝ÓÁX EıÃ[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÊªJÙrÙÁÃ[˝ VÃ[˝EıÁÃ[˝ XÁcÕ --- %ÁY◊X ^Á c˜Ã^ TˆÁcÕ ^„UrÙ*
*
X: ]Á, ÂEı %Á]Á„Eı Â^X [˝__, ""ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ %ÁÃ[˝ ◊EıªK«˜ EıÃ[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ VÃ[˝EıÁÃ[˝ XÁcÕ,
ÂEıÁX ◊V„Eı ]X ◊V„Tˆ [˝Á ÂVF„Tˆ c˜„[˝ XÁ* £W˝« ◊X„L„Eı ]ÁÃ[˝ EıÁ‰ªK˜ ◊Xf„`„b
◊V„Ã^ VÁC %ÁÃ[˝ ]Á„Eı a[˝ a]Ã^ ÂQˆ„Eı ªJÙ_* ]Á C ]ÁÃ[˝ `◊N˛ a[˝ Eı„Ã[˝ ÂX„[˝X*''
=: AcÕ EıUÁ aTˆÓ* PsychicAÃ[˝cÕ EıUÁ* Â^FÁ„X ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ ◊[˝Ã[˝”„à˘ [˝Á ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝
E ıTˆ [˝Ó[˝ÿöˆÁÃ[˝ ◊[˝Ã[˝”„à˘ aÁW˝Eı„VÃ[˝ %c˜eEıÁÃ[˝ =Pˆ„[˝, ÂaFÁ„X aeHbÔ c˜„[˝cÕ --- TˆÁÃ[˝
]„W˝Ó Â^„Ã^Á XÁ, ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ `◊N˛ ^Á EıÃ[˝„[˝ TˆÁcÕ c˜„[˝*
*
X: ÂEı]X Eı„Ã[˝ C EıFX ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ Ã[˝ÁLÓ [˝◊c˜faw¯ÁÃ^ ÿöˆÁ◊YTˆ c˜„[˝?

=: EıFX c˜„[˝ TˆÁ AFXcÕ [˝_Á ^ÁÃ^ XÁ --- ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ Â\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ËªJÙTˆXÓ ]Á]Ã^
c˜„_, TˆÁÃ[˝cÕ [˝„_ [˝◊c˜fY“E ı◊TˆC [˝V_Á„XÁ c˜„[˝, cÕc˜ÁcÕ [˝_Á ^ÁÃ^*
*
%Á◊] Tˆ ÂTˆÁ]Á„Eı [˝ÁÃ[˝ [˝ÁÃ[˝ [˝„_◊ªK˜ Â^ ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ Â^]X ÿëˆ\ˆÁ[˝ C [˝ÁW˝Á, Y“ÁÃ^
aEı„_Ã[˝ ÂaÃ[˝÷Y ]ÁX«b-ÿëˆ\ˆÁ[˝ C [˝ÁW˝Á --- A◊VEı C◊VEı difficulties UÁEı„Tˆ
YÁ„Ã[˝ aÁW˝Eı„VÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ %Áa„_ aEı„_cÕ ]ÁX«b, [˝◊c˜fY“E ı◊Tˆ AFXC %£à˘
C %◊aà˘*
*
X: AEı◊ªRÙO ◊Eı„aÃ[˝ ]Á_Á %Á]ÁÃ[˝ G_ÁÃ^ M«ı_‰ªK˜, %ÁÃ[˝ TˆÁ c˜„Tˆ ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ %Á„_Á
[˝ÁÃ[˝ c˜„Ã^ ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ ◊`£Ã[˝ a[˝ %Á„_Á◊EıTˆ C ÂTˆÁ]Á]Ã^ EıÃ[˝‰ªK˜*
=: G_ÁÃ^ %UÔÁd ]X[˝«◊à˘Ã[˝ [˝◊c˜GÔÁ]› %e„` (physical mind), AFÁ„X Â^
EıÁL c˜‰¨K˜ C EıÁ„LÃ[˝ Zı_ c˜‰¨K˜ TˆÁ Â[˝ÁMıÁ ^Á‰¨K˜*
*
V«[[˝Ô_ ^◊V Â[˝ÁW˝ c˜Ã^, %Á‰ÿôˆ %Á‰ÿôˆ ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ `◊N˛„Eı `Ã[˝›„Ã[˝ ÂQˆ„Eı %ÁX
--- [˝_ %Áa„[˝*
*
X: ]Á, ÊªTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ ÊªJÙ„Ã^ ]ÁX«„bÃ[˝ EıUÁ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ Â[˝`› ]„X c˜Ã^* aeaÁ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ◊V„Eı
[˝ÁÃ[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ ]X Â^„Tˆ ªJÙÁ‰¨K˜* %Á]ÁÃ[˝ Y“E ı◊Tˆ F«[˝ ªJÙá˚_, unconscious* ]„XÃ[˝
Y“Á„SÃ[˝ ÊªJÙTˆXÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó %aeFÓ %◊V[˝Ó ◊L◊Xb Â\ˆ„a =Pˆ‰ªK˜*
=: T«ˆ◊] ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ `Á‹ôˆ aÁW˝XÁÃ[˝ G◊Tˆ Ã[˝ÁF„Tˆ YÁÃ[˝ ◊X [˝„_ %ÁÃ[˝ [˝ÁW˝ÁÃ[˝ L„XÓ
=Tˆ_Á c˜„Ã^ %`Á◊‹ôˆ C ªJÙá˚_TˆÁ„Eı ÿöˆÁX ◊V„Ã^◊ªK˜„_ [˝„_, AcÕ a[˝ [˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝Ã[˝ Â_Á„Eı
Â^ [˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝Ã[˝ atmosphere AFÁ„X %ÁXÁÃ^ %Á`“„]Ã[˝ atmosphereA AEıªRÙOÁ
ÂEıÁ_Ác˜_ C confusion A„a◊ªK˜_, TˆÁÃ[˝ Y“\ˆÁ[˝ ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ Y‰QÕˆ‰ªK˜* ◊ÿöˆÃ[˝
c˜„Ã^ ^ÁC, %`Á◊‹ôˆ„Eı ÿöˆÁX XÁ ◊V„Ã^ V ªRÕÙ\ˆÁ„[˝ ]Á„Eı ÂQˆ„Eı ÂQˆ„Eı ÂacÕ %Á„GEıÁÃ[˝
\ˆÁ_ %[˝ÿöˆÁ ◊Zı◊Ã[˝„Ã^ %ÁX*
*
X: ]Á, %ÁL V«Y«Ã[˝„[˝_Á ÂV◊F %Á]Á„Eı %µ˘EıÁÃ[˝ A„a %Á[˝ Tˆ EıÃ[˝„Tˆ ªJÙÁcÕ◊ªK˜_,
X›‰ªJÙÃ[˝ ◊V„Eı ◊Eı„a Â^X ªRÙOÁX◊ªK˜_, %ÁÃ[˝ AÃ[˝cÕ ]„W˝Ó ÂVF_Á] =YÃ[˝ c˜„Tˆ `Á◊‹ôˆ
%ÁÃ[˝ %Á„_Á XÁ]◊ªK˜_* Y“U„] \ˆÃ^ ÂY„_C V ªRÕÙ\ˆÁ„[˝ [˝__Á] Â^ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó
]Á %Á‰ªK˜X, %Á]Á„Eı AÃ[˝Á ◊EıªK«˜cÕ EıÃ[˝„Tˆ YÁÃ[˝„[˝ XÁ* ◊EıªK«˜ Y„Ã[˝ ÂVF_Á] a[˝
ªJÙ„_ ÂG‰ªK˜*
=: cg˜ÓÁ, AcÕ Ã[˝Eı]cÕ EıÃ[˝„Tˆ c˜Ã^, V ªRÕÙ c˜„Ã^ UÁEı„Tˆ c˜Ã^ --- TˆÁ c˜„_ ◊X∂oˆ YE“ ı ◊Tˆ[Ã ˝
%Áy‘]S ac˜„L AQÕˆÁX ^ÁÃ^*
*
X: ]Á, %Á◊] ÂEıX AFXC EıÁL EıÃ[˝„Tˆ EıÃ[˝„Tˆ, YQÕˆ„Tˆ ◊G„Ã^ ÂTˆÁ]Á„Eı
FÁ◊XEıl˘„SÃ[˝ LXÓ \«ˆ„_ ^ÁcÕ?
=: YQÕˆÁÃ[˝ a]Ã^, EıÁL EıÃ[˝ÁÃ[˝ a]Ã^ ]Á„Eı ÿˆÇÃ[˝S EıÃ[˝Á ac˜L XÃ^ --- ]X
EıÁL [˝Á YQÕˆÁ ◊X„Ã^ [˝Óÿôˆ c˜„Ã^ \«ˆ„_ ^ÁÃ^* ÊªJÙrÙÁ EıÃ[˝„Tˆ EıÃ[˝„Tˆ ÿˆÇÃ[˝S EıÃ[˝ÁÃ[˝
%\ˆÓÁa c˜„Ã^ ^ÁÃ^*
*
X: ]Á„Mı ]Á„Mı `Ã[˝›Ã[˝ ^FX `Á‹ôˆ\ˆÁ„[˝ ◊[˝`“Á] Eı„Ã[˝, ÂV◊F C %X«\ˆ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝
aw¯ÁÃ[˝ a]ÿôˆ %e` ÂTˆÁ]Á„Eı a]◊YÔTˆ c˜‰¨K˜ A[˝e a«≥VÃ[˝\ˆÁ„[˝ a[˝◊EıªK«˜ ÂTˆÁ]Á]Ã^
c˜„Ã^ =Pˆ‰ªK˜* ÂLÁÃ[˝ Eı„Ã[˝ ◊X„L„Eı [˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ◊V„Eı C EıÁ„LÃ[˝ ◊V„Eı ◊X„Ã^ ÂG„_
AcÕ a«≥VÃ[˝ %[˝ÿöˆÁ ÂEı]X Â^X XrÙ c˜„Ã^ ^ÁÃ^*
=: ÊªJÙTˆXÁÃ[˝ F«[˝ =~◊TˆÃ[˝ _l˘S --- Â`„b EıÁ„LÃ[˝ a]„Ã^ AcÕ ]Á]Ã^ ÊªJÙTˆXÁ
a+…S[ÃÔ ˝÷„Y UÁ„Eı, ◊Eı‹ˆ«ô AFX ÂLÁÃ[˝ [Eı„[Ã ˝] EıÁ„LÃ[˝ ◊V„Eı turn Eı[Ã ˝Á VÃ[˝EıÁ[Ã ˝ XÁc˜*O
*
X: [˝Tˆ¤]Á„X %Á]ÁÃ[˝ H«] Â^X `Á‹ôˆ %Á„_Á◊EıTˆ A[˝e a‰ªJÙTˆX c˜„Ã^‰ªK˜* ]„X
c˜Ã^ Â^X %Á◊] %Á„_Á %ÁÃ[˝ `Á◊‹ôˆÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó H«„]Á◊¨K˜*
=: AcÕ H«„]Ã[˝ %[˝ÿöˆÁ [˝QÕˆcÕ \ˆÁ_* H«] AcÕÃ[˝÷YcÕ a‰ªJÙTˆX c˜CÃ^Á ªJÙÁcÕ*
AcÕ aEı_ %X«\…ˆ◊Tˆ Â[˝` --- ◊VX ◊VX aÁW˝XÁÃ[˝ =~◊Tˆ c˜‰¨K˜*
*
X: ]Á, ]Á„Mı ]Á„Mı ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ \ˆÁ[˝ ÂV„F ]„X c˜Ã^ T«ˆ◊] %Á]Á„Eı ÂV„F c˜Áa◊X
EıÁÃ[˝S %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó ◊EıªK«˜ =~◊Tˆ c˜Ã^ ◊X* %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ c˜Ã^Tˆ a[˝ FÁÃ[˝ÁY ◊L◊Xa
%Á‰ªK˜*
=: AªRÙOÁcÕ %Á◊] [˝ÁÃ[˝S Eı„Ã[˝◊ªK˜_Á] EıÁÃ[˝S AcÕ c˜‰¨K˜ ]„XÃ[˝ EıîXÁ* Y“U]
EıUÁ, aÁW˝EıÃ[˝Á ÂEı[˝_cÕ \«ˆ_ ÂV„F ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ a∂ëˆ„µ˘ --- ◊•Tˆ›Ã^ EıUÁ, aÁW˝Eı„VÃ[˝
\ˆÁ_ %[˝ÿöˆÁ [˝Á FÁÃ[˝ÁY %[˝ÿöˆÁÃ[˝ a„Ü ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ c˜Á◊a [˝Á Gêˆ›Ã[˝ c˜CÃ^ÁÃ[˝ ÂEıÁX a∂ëˆµ˘
XÁcÕ* TˆÁÃ[˝YÃ[˝ AcÕ a[˝ EıîXÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó Y“Á„SÃ[˝ VÁ[˝› Â]`Á %Á‰ªK˜* ÂaLXÓ ◊XÃ[˝Á`Á
EıÁ~ÁEıÁ◊ªRÙO cÕTˆÓÁ◊V %Á„a Ca[˝ ◊X„Ã^* ÂacÕ LXÓ AcÕ a[˝ EıîXÁ [˝Á ◊XÃ[˝UÔEı
%X«]ÁX EıÃ[˝„Tˆ XÁcÕ*
*
X: %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ a[˝ a]Ã^ Â^X AEı◊ªRÙO %◊G¬ Lù_‰ªK˜ C Â[˝VXÁÃ[˝ ]Tˆ ◊Eı c˜‰¨K˜,
%ÁÃ[˝ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ◊EıªK«˜ \ˆÁ_ _ÁG‰ªK˜ XÁ*
=: AcÕ Ã[˝Eı] LùÁ_Á C \ˆÁ_ XÁ _ÁGÁ %`Á‹ôˆ Y“Á„SÃ[˝ _l˘S, A„Eı %Á`“Ã^
◊V„Tˆ XÁcÕ*
*
Sex impulse ]X«bÓ ÿëˆ\ˆÁ„[˝Ã[˝ AEıªRÙO› Y“[˝_ %e` ÂaLXÓ [˝ÁÃ[˝ [˝ÁÃ[˝ %Á„a*
ÂEıÁX Ã[˝Eı] a◊c˜ XÁ ◊V„Ã^ (]„XÃ[˝ EıîXÁÃ^ cÕTˆÓÁ◊V) %◊[˝ªJÙ◊_Tˆ c˜„Ã^ A %ÁÃ[˝
%Á]ÁÃ[˝ XÃ^ [˝„_ Y“TˆÓÁFÓÁX EıÃ[˝„_, Â`„b TˆÁÃ[˝ ÂLÁÃ[˝ %ÁÃ[˝ UÁEı„[˝ XÁ, A„_C
%ÁÃ[˝ ÊªJÙTˆXÁ„Eı &`Ô EıÃ[˝„Tˆ YÁÃ[˝„[˝ XÁ, TˆÁÃ[˝YÃ[˝ TˆÁÃ[˝ %ÁaÁC [˝µ˘ c˜„[˝*
*
ÂTˆÁ]Á„Eı [˝„_◊ªK˜ AEı[˝ÁÃ[˝, ]ÁX«„bÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó AEı XÃ^, %„XEı [˝Ó◊N˛ %Á‰ªK˜
many persons in one being --- aEı„_cÕ ◊[˝◊\ˆ~* Tˆ„[˝ central being ^◊V
aÁW˝XÁ Eı„Ã[˝ ◊ÿöˆÃ[˝\ˆÁ„[˝, aEı„_ Â`„b ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ [˝„` %Á„a*
*
Â^]X V `Ó ÂTˆ]XcÕ Â_FÁ ÂVFÁ ^ÁÃ^ W˝ÓÁ„X --- A]X◊Eı ÂFÁ_Á ÊªJÙÁF ◊V„Ã^
ÂVFÁ ^ÁÃ^* cÕc˜Á„Eı ◊_◊Y [˝Á %ÁEıÁ`◊_◊Y [˝„_*
*
X: ]Á, ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ ◊XEıªRÙO ^Ác˜Á VÃ[˝EıÁÃ[˝ ]„X c˜Ã^ TˆÁ ◊_F„Tˆ cÕ¨K˜Á c˜Ã^* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ
T«ˆ◊] ◊V„_ TˆÁ ◊X\ˆ¤„Ã^ G–c˜S EıÃ[˝„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝ XÁ* %UªJÙ XÁ ◊V„_ V«fF c˜Ã^*
=: ^◊V XÁ ◊V„_ V«fF Eı„Ã[˝, TˆÁ„Tˆ Y“]ÁS c˜Ã^ Â^ ªJÙÁCÃ^ÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó [˝ÁaXÁ ◊ªK˜_*
[˝ÁaXÁ`…XÓ c˜‰ªTˆ c˜Ã^ aÁW˝Eı„Eı*
*
[˝ÁW˝Á ^TˆcÕ Âc˜ÏEı, aÁW˝XÁ XrÙ c˜„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ XÁ --- AFÁ„X Âc˜ÏEı [˝Á %XÓy
Âc˜ÏEı aÁW˝XÁ EıÃ[˝„Tˆ ÂG„_cÕ [˝ÁW˝Á =‰Pˆ EıÁÃ[˝S Y“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝ Ã[˝÷YÁ‹ôˆÃ[˝ EıÃ[˝„Tˆ c˜Ã^, Âa
Ã[˝÷YÁ‹ôˆ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ÊªJÙrÙÁÃ[˝ Zı„_ a[˝ =‰Pˆ ÂVFÁ ÂVÃ^ Y«Ã[˝ÁTˆX Y“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝ ^Tˆ ◊L◊Xa, aÁW˝Eı
TˆÁ„Tˆ \ˆ›Tˆ c˜Ã^ XÁ, ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ `◊N˛Ã[˝ aÁc˜Á„^Ó a[˝ Ã[˝÷YÁ‹ôˆ◊Ã[˝Tˆ Eı„Ã[˝ ÂVÃ^*
*
X: ÂVF◊ªK˜ Â^ =YÃ[˝ c˜„Tˆ F«[˝ ]W˝«]Ã^ GÁªRÕÙTˆ] `Á◊‹ôˆ %ÁW˝Á„Ã[˝Ã[˝ AEıªRÙO› ÿôˆ„Ã[˝
XÁ]‰ªK˜*
=: AcÕ `Á◊‹ôˆ„Eı a[[˝Ôy XÁ]Á„Tˆ c˜Ã^ --- Â^X a]ÿôˆ `Ã[˝›Ã[˝ ◊ªJÙÃ[˝`Á◊‹ôˆ„Tˆ \ˆ„Ã[˝
^ÁÃ^*
*
X: ... ]ÁUÁÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ ÂV◊F AEı◊ªRÙO %Á„_ÁEı]Ã^ ªJÙ„y‘Ã[˝ ]Tˆ ◊Eı H«Ã[˝„Tˆ UÁ„Eı,
]Á* cÕc˜Á ◊Eı?
=: %Á„_ÁEı]Ã^ ªJÙy‘ ÂHÁÃ[˝ÁÃ[˝ %UÔ =Y„Ã[˝Ã[˝ %Á„_ÁÃ[˝ `◊N˛ EıÁL Eı‰¨K˜¤ ]„XÃ[˝
=Y„Ã[˝*
*
YgÁªJÙ [˝daÃ[˝ Tˆ ◊EıªK«˜cÕ XÃ^ --- [˝QÕˆ [˝QÕˆ Â^ÁG› Tˆ CÃ[˝ ÊªJÙ„Ã^ F«[˝ Â[˝`› a]Ã^
ÊªJÙrÙÁ Eı„Ã[˝ \ˆG[˝ÁX„EıC YÁX XÁcÕ, Ã[˝÷YÁ‹ôˆÃ[˝C YÁX XÁcÕ --- AÃ[˝ LXÓ ◊ªJÙdEıÁÃ[˝
EıÃ[˝Á C Â^ÁGaÁW˝XÁ ÊªK˜‰QÕˆ ◊V„Ã^ ªJÙ„_ ^Á[˝ [˝_Á A]X VÁ[˝› C %c˜eEıÁÃ[˝ EıÃ[˝Á
=◊ªJÙTˆ XÃ^* `Á‹ôˆ c˜„Ã^ ÈW˝^ÔÓ W˝„Ã[˝ aÁW˝XÁ EıÃ[˝ --- ^◊V ◊[˝„`b ÂEıÁX mÃ[˝”TˆÃ[˝
ñ_X c˜Ã^, ÂaªRÙOÁ Z«ı{\ˆÁ„[˝ ]Á„Eı [˝„_ VÁC %ÁÃ[˝ aÁc˜Á^Ó ÊªJÙ„Ã^ XÁC* aÁW˝ÁÃ[˝S
[˝ÁW˝Á Tˆ aEı„_Ã[˝cÕ %Á‰ªK˜, TˆÁÃ[˝ LXÓ ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ ]Á„Eı ÂQˆ„Eı UÁEı, Â`„b
Zı_ c˜„[˝* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ A a[˝ ◊XÃ[˝Á`ÁÃ[˝ EıUÁ C ◊EıªK«˜ c˜_ XÁ, ◊EıªK«˜ c˜_ XÁ cÕTˆÓÁ◊V
[˝«◊_ ÊªK˜‰QÕˆ VÁC*
*
A DbW˝ ÂF„Ã^ EıÁc˜ÁÃ[˝C EıFX [˝◊] c˜Ã^ ◊X --- ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ nervous mindAÃ[˝
EıîXÁ [˝QÕˆ Y“[˝_ [˝„_ Â[˝ÁW˝ c˜Ã^ `Ã[˝›„Ã[˝Ã[˝ =YÃ[˝ AcÕ Zı_ c˜„Ã^‰ªK˜* Tˆ„[˝ ^◊V
Db„W˝Ã[˝ =YÃ[˝ ATˆ H SÁ UÁ„Eı, ÂF„Ã^ ÂEıÁX _Á\ˆ XÁcÕ* C]XcÕ ^Á c˜Ã^ forceÃ[˝
•ÁÃ[˝Á --- `Ã[˝›Ã[˝„Eı F«_„Tˆ c˜„[˝ ForceÃ[˝ EıÁ‰ªK˜*
*
X: ]Á, %Á◊] EıÁYQÕˆ [˝QÕˆ Â[˝`› TˆÁQÕˆÁTˆÁ◊QÕˆ ŸªK˜‰QÕˆ ÂZı◊_* ÊªK˜ÁªRÙO„[˝_Á„TˆC AÃ[˝÷Y
c˜Tˆ, ÂaLXÓ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ]Á-[˝Á[˝Á F«[˝ ◊[˝Ã[˝N˛ c˜„TˆX*
=: cÕc˜Á, `Ã[˝›Ã[˝‰ªJÙTˆXÁ `Á‹ôˆ ◊ÿöˆÃ[˝ c˜„Ã^ ÂG„_, £W˝„Ã[˝ ^Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ EıUÁ*
*
X: ]Á, %Á◊] ]`ÁÃ[˝› ªK˜ÁQÕˆÁ %ÁX„≥V H«]Á„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝, %Á]Á„Eı ]`Á EıÁ]QÕˆÁÃ^
XÁ* %Á◊] %ÁÃ[˝ ^Á %VÃ[˝EıÁÃ[˝› TˆÁ [˝Ó[˝c˜ÁÃ[˝ EıÃ[˝[˝ XÁ, ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ `“›ªJÙÃ[˝„S %Á]ÁÃ[˝
]`ÁÃ[˝›ªRÙOÁ %ÁÃ[˝ V«cÕFÁXÁ l«˘V– ◊L◊Xb %YÔS EıÃ[˝_Á]*
=: Am„_Á ÂEıX ◊V„Ã^ªK˜? ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ VÃ[˝EıÁÃ[˝ XÁcÕ, ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ %Á‰ªK˜* ]`Á GÃ[˝„]Ã[˝
a]Ã^ TˆTˆ EıÁ]QÕˆÁÃ^ XÁ --- ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ [˝bÔÁÃ[˝ Y„Ã[˝ %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ %Áa„[˝* ]Á A a[˝ ◊Zı◊Ã[˝„^
◊V‰¨K˜X, ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ VÁX [˝„_ G–c˜S EıÃ[˝* ]Á„Eı ◊EıªK«˜ ◊V„Tˆ c˜„_ ◊X„L„Eı VÁC, ]Á
aÁX„≥V G–c˜S EıÃ[˝„[˝X*
*
Very good. %£à˘ ^Á %Á‰ªK˜, `Á‹ôˆ c˜„Ã^ ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ `◊N˛Ã[˝ %Ám„X ◊V„Ã^ VÁC*
=Y„Ã[˝Ã[˝ a[˝ %ÁW˝Á„Ã[˝ XÁ]«Eı --- Â`„b X›‰ªJÙÃ[˝ ◊EıªK«˜Ã[˝ LXÓ LÁÃ^GÁ %ÁÃ[˝ UÁEı„[˝
XÁ*
*
X: ÂEıX ATˆ ÂX„] ◊G„Ã^◊ªK˜_Á]? ]„X c˜Ã^ a]ÿôˆ ◊EıªK«˜„Eı ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ `“›ªJÙÃ[˝„S
a]YÔS EıÃ[˝„Tˆ ^Á„Tˆ TˆÁÃ[˝Á ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ LGd c˜„Tˆ a]…„_ W[˝ea c˜Ã^* Âc˜ \ˆG[˝ÁX,
cÕc˜Á ◊Eı EıîXÁ?
=: cÕc˜Á EıîXÁ XÃ^* ◊X‰∂oˆ ^ÁCÃ^ÁÃ[˝ =„Å`ÓcÕ AcÕ, X›‰ªJÙ ^Áa[˝ %Á‰ªK˜ a]YÔS
EıÃ[˝Á, %Á„_Á◊EıTˆ Ã[˝÷YÁ‹ôˆ◊Ã[˝Tˆ EıÃ[˝Á*
*
X: ]Á„Mı ]Á„Mı ]ÁUÁÃ^ ÂEı]X ÂEı]X %X«\ˆ[˝ c˜‰¨K˜: ÂEıÁX a]Ã^ %[˝` A[˝e
`Á‹ôˆ, %ÁÃ[˝ ÂEıÁX a]Ã^ ◊`XÀ ◊`XÀ Eı„Ã[˝ A[˝e TˆÁ c˜„Tˆ ◊Eı Â^X >„àùÔ˘Ã[˝ ◊V„Eı =‰Pˆ
^ÁÃ^, %ÁÃ[˝ ÂEıÁX a]Ã^ ]„X c˜Ã^ =YÃ[˝ c˜„Tˆ ◊Eı ÂX„] F«_‰ªK˜*
=: =YÃ[˝ ÂU„Eı `◊N˛ ]ÁUÁÃ^ XÁ]ÁÃ^ EıFX EıFX AcÕÃ[˝÷Y %X«\ˆ[˝ c˜Ã^*
*
X: F«[˝ >„àùÔ˘ AEı◊ªRÙO TˆÃ[˝Üc˜›X Y“`Á‹ôˆ ]c˜ÁaÁGÃ[˝ ÂVF◊ªK˜* Âa aÁGÃ[˝◊ªRÙO Â^X

%X„‹ôˆÃ[˝ aÁ„U ^«N˛ c˜„Ã^ AEı FÁXÁ ÿëˆSÔ TˆÃ[˝S›„Eı [˝«„Eı Eı„Ã[˝ ◊X‰∂oˆÃ[˝ ◊V„Eı W˝›„Ã[˝
W˝›„Ã[˝ ÂX„] %Áa‰ªK˜*
=: >àùÔ˘ÎªJÙTˆ„XÓÃ[˝ ÊÿÉˆÁTˆ XÁ][˝ÁÃ[˝ _l˘S*
*
X: =YÃ[˝ c˜„Tˆ a…„^ÔÓÃ[˝ ]Tˆ %ÁÃ[˝ X›_ %Á„_ÁÃ[˝ ]Tˆ V«cÕ %Á„_Á ÂGÁ_ c˜„Ã^
£W˝« c˜÷V„Ã^Ã[˝ ]„W˝Ó XÁ]‰ªK˜*
=: %UÔ AcÕ, a„TˆÓÃ[˝ %Á„_Á C >àùÔ˘]„XÃ[˝ %Á„_Á %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ XÁ]‰ªK˜*
*
X: ]Á, %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ªJÙÁ◊Ã[˝◊V„Eı %aeFÓ l«˘V– l«˘V– [˝ÁW˝Á ÂVF◊ªK˜* ]„X c˜Ã^ %Á◊]
a[˝ [˝ÁW˝Á„Eı Fg«„L [˝ÁÃ[˝ Eı„Ã[˝ V ªRÕÙ c˜„Ã^ a+…SÔÃ[˝÷„Y TˆÁ„VÃ[˝ LÃ^ EıÃ[˝„Tˆ ªJÙÁ◊¨K˜ [˝„_
[˝ÁW˝Á A]X\ˆÁ„[˝ ÂVFÁ ◊V‰¨K˜* %Á]ÁÃ[˝ %X«\…ˆ◊Tˆ ◊Eı aTˆÓ?
=: ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ %X«\…ˆ◊Tˆ aTˆÓ* [˝ÁW˝Á„Eı \ˆÃ^ Eı„Ã[˝Á XÁ --- a[˝ ÂV„F a[˝ ÂL„X
a◊Ã[˝„Ã^ ◊V„Tˆ c˜Ã^, Âa L„XÓ ÂVFÁ ◊V‰¨K˜*
*
`Ã[˝›Ã[˝‰ªJÙTˆXÁÃ[˝ [˝◊c˜∂ˆÇÔXcÕ aÁW˝XÁÃ[˝ AcÕ stageA ◊[˝„`b [˝ÁW˝Á ÂVÃ^, Âa [˝QÕˆcÕ

obstinate, ªK˜Á‰QÕˆ XÁ ---- aÁW˝Eı„Eı TˆÁÃ[˝ ÊªJÙ„Ã^C obstinate c˜„Tˆ c˜Ã^, W˝›Ã[˝ ◊ÿöˆÃ[˝,
]Á„Eı ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ YÁ[˝ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ V ªRÕÙY“◊Tˆp˚* Â`„b c˜ÁLÁÃ[˝ obstinate Âc˜ÏEı, AcÕ ]X
%ÁÃ[˝ YÁÃ[˝„[˝ XÁ, Y„U %Áa„[˝cÕ*
*
X: £X_Á], ÂEı %Á]Á„Eı [˝_‰ªK˜, ""T«ˆ◊], ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ ]„X Y“Á„S ÂV„c˜
Ââ[˝ [˝ÁW˝Á %Á‰ªK˜ TˆÁ„VÃ[˝„Eı Ã[˝÷YÁ‹ôˆ◊Ã[˝Tˆ Eı„Ã[˝ %U[˝Á V…Ã[˝ Eı„Ã[˝ Tˆ„[˝ X…TˆX LXΩ
◊X„Ã^ ]ÁÃ[˝ EıÁ‰ªK˜ Â^„Tˆ YÁÃ[˝„[˝*'' ]Á, cÕc˜Á ◊Eı aTˆÓ?
=: A a[˝ EıUÁ aTˆÓ, aEı_ aÁW˝„EıÃ[˝ Y„l˘ FÁ‰ªRÙO* Tˆ„[˝ A a[˝ [˝ÁW˝ÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó,
V›HÔ Y◊Ã[˝[˝w¯Ô „XÃ[˝ y‘„]Ã[˝ ]„W˝Ó ]Á Â^ a[[˝VÔ Á EıÁ‰ªK˜ [Ã ˝„^Ã ‰ªK˜, aÁc˜Á^Ó Eı[Ã ˝‰Kª ˜ --- A
EıUÁ ]„X [Ã ˝ÁF„Tˆ c˜„[˝, TˆÁ c˜„_ `Á‹ôˆ ]„X ◊XÃ[˝ÁY„V Y„U Jª Ù_Á ac˜L c˜„[˝*
*
X: %X«\ˆ[˝ EıÃ[˝◊ªK˜ Â^ ]X Y“ÁS ÊªJÙTˆXÁ ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ XÁ ÂU„Eı [˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ◊V„Eı ªJÙ„_

^Á‰¨K˜*
=: cÕc˜Á aEı„_Ã[˝cÕ c˜Ã^* %„XEı A◊G„Ã^ ÂG„_ aÁW˝XÁÃ[˝ Y„U, TˆÁÃ[˝ Y„Ã[˝
◊\ˆTˆÃ[˝ [˝Á◊c˜Ã[˝ AEı c˜„Ã^ ^ÁÃ^, TˆFX %ÁÃ[˝ c˜Ã^ XÁ*
*
X: ]Á„Mı ]Á„Mı ^FX EıÃ[˝”SÁ]Ã^› ]Á„Eı %X«\ˆ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝ C QˆÁ◊Eı, TˆFX Y“[˝_
Â[˝„G EıÁ~Á %Á„a %ÁÃ[˝ TˆÁÃ[˝ aÁ„U aÁ„U c˜÷V„Ã^Ã[˝ G\ˆ›Ã[˝Tˆ] Y“„V„` AEı◊ªRÙO ]W˝«]Ã^
C `Á◊‹ôˆ]Ã^ ◊L◊Xb %X«\ˆ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝*
=: AcÕÃ[˝Eı] EıÁ~Á Y“ÁÃ^cÕ psychic being ÂU„Eı %Á„a --- Â^ ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ %Á„a
TˆÁÃ[˝ a„Ü, Âa psychic beingAÃ[˝ ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ*
*
◊ÿöˆÃ[˝ \ˆÁ„[˝ aÁW˝XÁ Eı„Ã[˝ ªJÙ_ --- [˝ÁW˝Ám„_Á a]„Ã^ F„a ^Á„[˝*
*
X: ]Á, %Á◊] AFX ÂEı[˝_ £õı ]Ã[˝”\…ˆ◊]Ã[˝ ]„W˝Ó Y‰QÕˆ [Ã ˝„^Ã ◊ªK˜* ◊\ˆTˆ„[Ã ˝ ÂTˆÁ]Á„VÃ[˝
LXÓ ◊EıªK«˜ XÁcÕ [˝„_ ]„X c˜‰¨K˜* ATˆ ◊X‰∂oˆ ÂEıX Y‰QÕˆ ÂG_Á]?
=: aÁW˝XÁÃ^ ÊªJÙTˆXÁ CPˆÁ XÁ]Á %◊X[˝Á^ÔÓ --- ^FX XÁ„], TˆFX ◊[˝ªJÙ◊_Tˆ XÁ
c˜„Ã^ ÈW˝^ÔÓ W˝„Ã[˝ ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ %Á„_Á `◊N˛ Âa £õı %e„` ÂQˆ„Eı %ÁX„Tˆ c˜Ã^ --- cÕc˜ÁcÕ
c˜‰¨K˜ right attitude C =dE ırÙ =YÁÃ^*
*
X: ]Á, %Á]ÁÃ[˝ Y“ÁSLG„TˆÃ[˝ AEı◊ªRÙO `◊N˛„Eı =YÃ[˝ c˜„Tˆ %ÁÃ[˝ AEı◊ªRÙO `◊N˛
A„a ÂTˆÁ]Á„VÃ[˝ `“›ªJÙÃ[˝„S [˝◊_ ◊V_* ◊EıªK«˜l˘S Y„Ã[˝ AcÕ [˝◊_Ã[˝ Ã[˝„N˛Ã[˝ ]„W˝Ó ÂV◊F
Y≤øZ«ı_ Z«ıªRÙO_*
=: %UÔ --- ◊X∂oˆ Y“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝ AEıªRÙO› `◊N˛Ã[˝ ◊[˝XÁ` c˜„Ã^ Y“Á„SÃ[˝ AEı \ˆÁ„G
aTˆÓ ÊªJÙTˆXÁ F«„_ ÂG_*
*
AFX Â[˝ÁMıÁ ^ÁÃ^ Â^ ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ %a«F nervous, EıÁÃ[˝S AcÕ a[˝ sensation
nervous ªK˜ÁQÕˆÁ ◊EıªK«˜cÕ XÃ^* AcÕ [˝◊]Ã[˝ suggestion TˆÁ◊QÕˆ„Ã^ VÁC --- ^FX
A a[˝ sensation %Á„a TˆFX `Á‹ôˆ c˜„Ã^ UÁEı, ]Á„Eı ÂQˆ„Eı ^ÁC `“à˘ÁÃ[˝ a◊c˜Tˆ*
SuggestionAÃ[˝ ÂLÁÃ[˝ Eı„] ÂG„_cÕ %a«FªRÙO› Âa„Ã[˝ ^Á„[˝*
*
^FX ÂEıÁX [˝ÁW˝Á„Eı Â[˝Ã[˝ EıÃ[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÊªJÙrÙÁ ªJÙ_‰ªK˜, C Ã[˝Eı]cÕ c˜Ã^ --- AEı◊VX
a[˝ ]«N˛ c˜Ã^, Â[˝ÁW˝ c˜Ã^ Â^X a[˝ ªJÙ„_ ÂG‰ªK˜, YÃ[˝◊VX %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ Âa [˝ÁW˝Á ÂVFÁ
ÂVÃ^* Persevere EıÃ[˝„_ Â`„b [˝ÁW˝ÁªRÙO› V«[[˝Ô_ c˜„Ã^ %ÁÃ[˝ %Á„a XÁ, ^◊V [˝Á %Á„a
TˆÁÃ[˝ ÂEıÁX ÂLÁÃ[˝ UÁ„Eı XÁ*
*
X: ]Á, [˝wÔ¯]Á„X %Á◊] %XÓ ◊L◊X„aÃ[˝ ÊªJÙ„Ã^ [˝ÁS› ÂEıX Â[˝`› £X„Tˆ YÁ◊¨K˜,
A[˝e ◊_◊Y ÂEıX Â[˝`› ÂVF„Tˆ YÁ◊¨K˜?
=: aÁW˝XÁÃ[˝ G◊TˆÃ[˝ Â[˝G [˝ÁQÕˆ„Tˆ [˝ÁQÕˆ„Tˆ AcÕ a[˝ %Á„a* Tˆ„[˝ F«[˝ aÁ[˝W˝ÁX
c˜„Ã^ ◊_◊Y C [˝ÁS›„Eı ÂV„F _C C £„X _C --- EıÁÃ[˝S Am„_Á aTˆÓ C
=YEıÁÃ[˝› c˜„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝, ◊]UÓÁ C ◊[˝Y#XEı c˜„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝*
*
X: ^FX Eı, F cÕTˆÓÁ◊VÃ[˝ a„Ü EıUÁ [˝◊_, `Ã[˝›Ã[˝ V«[[˝Ô_ _Á„G, ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ %`Á◊‹ôˆ
%ÿëˆ◊ÿôˆ Â[˝ÁW˝ c˜Ã^, ]ÁUÁ W˝„Ã[˝, ◊EıªK«˜ \ˆÁ_ _Á„G XÁ* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ V, a cÕTˆÓÁ◊VÃ[˝ a„Ü
EıUÁ [˝_„_ EıFXC AÃ[˝Eı] c˜Ã^ XÁ* ÂEıX, ]Á?
=: ^FX Â]`Á c˜Ã^ C EıUÁ [˝_Á c˜Ã^, TˆFX Âa Â_Á„EıÃ[˝ ÊªJÙTˆXÁÃ[˝ vibra-
tions ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ Y‰QÕˆ* V«L„X Â]_Á„]`Á EıUÁ[˝ÁwÔ¯Á Â[˝`› EıÃ[˝„_cÕ ÂacÕ
Ã[˝Eı] c˜Ã^, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ aÁW˝ÁÃ[˝S %[˝ÿöˆÁÃ^ ÂEıc˜ ◊EıªK«˜ Â[˝ÁW˝ Eı„Ã[˝ XÁ, conscious effectC
c˜Ã^ XÁ [˝Á ^◊V c˜Ã^ TˆÁ Â_Á„Eı ÊªRÙOÃ[˝ YÁÃ^ XÁ Â^ AÃ[˝ LXÓ c˜„Ã^‰ªK˜* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ^FX
aÁW˝XÁ Eı„Ã[˝ ÊªJÙTˆXÁ aLÁG c˜Ã^ C sensitive c˜Ã^, TˆFX feel EıÃ[˝Á ^ÁÃ^ %ÁÃ[˝
AÃ[˝Eı] Zı_C c˜Ã^* ^Á„VÃ[˝ ÊªJÙTˆXÁÃ[˝ a„Ü ÊTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ ÊªJÙTˆXÁÃ[˝ ◊]_ c˜Ã^, TˆÁ„VÃ[˝ a„Ü
EıÃ[˝„_ ◊EıªK«˜ c˜Ã^ XÁ, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ Â^FÁ„X ÊªJÙTˆXÁÃ[˝ ◊]_ XÁcÕ %U[˝Á Âa Â_Á„EıÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó
FÁÃ[˝ÁY \ˆÁ[˝ UÁ„Eı ÊªTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ TˆFX AÃ[˝Eı] effect c˜„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝*
*
A c˜‰¨K˜ Y«Ã[˝ÁX vital Y“E ı◊Tˆ Â^ AEıªRÙOÁ VÁ[˝›Ã[˝ \ˆÁ[˝ ◊X„Ã^ C‰Pˆ, EıcÕ %Á◊]
^Á ªJÙÁcÕ TˆÁ %Á◊] YÁcÕ XÁ AcÕ \ˆÁ[˝* AcÕ \ˆÁ[˝ ÂU„Eı ^Tˆ EıîXÁ C‰Pˆ --- ]Á
%Á]Á„Eı V…„Ã[˝ Ã[˝Á„F, \ˆÁ_[˝Á„a XÁ cÕTˆÓÁ◊V* A ^FX C‰Pˆ, TˆFX [˝«MıÁ„Tˆ c˜„[˝,
Y“TˆÓÁFÓÁX EıÃ[˝„Tˆ c˜„[˝, psychic A a[˝ ªJÙÁÃ^ XÁ* £W˝« ]Á„Eı \ˆÁ_[˝Áa„Tˆ ªJÙÁÃ^,
LÁ„X Â^ ]Á„Eı \ˆÁ_[˝ÁaÁ `“à˘Á \ˆ◊N˛ ◊V„_ a[˝ c˜Ã^* G\ˆ›„Ã[˝ psychicAÃ[˝ ]W˝Ó
UÁEı„Tˆ c˜Ã^ a[˝ a]Ã^*
*
X: %Á◊] Y“ÁÃ^ a[˝ a]Ã^cÕ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ aÁ]„X AEı◊ªRÙO ÂaÁLÁ YU ÂVF„Tˆ YÁcÕ*
ÂEı Â^X ◊\ˆTˆÃ[˝ c˜‰ªTˆ [˝„_, ""a[˝ ◊EıªK«˜ V…„Ã[˝ ÂZı„_, ◊EıªK«˜Ã[˝ ◊V„Eı _l˘Ó XÁ Eı„Ã[˝
£W˝« ]Á ]Á [˝„_ A◊G„Ã^ ^ÁC --- ]Á ◊X„Ã^ ^Á„[˝X*''
=: AªRÙOÁcÕ aTˆÓ YU --- Âa Y„U [˝ÁW˝Á cÕTˆÓÁ◊V A„_ TˆÁ„Tˆ disturbed c˜Ã^
XÁ, ]ÁcÕ AcÕ a[˝ £W˝◊Ã[˝„Ã^ ÂX„[˝X, %Á]ÁÃ[˝ \ˆÃ^ [˝Á V«fF EıÃ[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ ◊EıªK«˜cÕ XÁcÕ AcÕ
[˝„_ ÂaÁLÁ Y„U A◊G„Ã^ ^ÁÃ^*
*
◊Eı EıÃ[˝Á ^ÁÃ^, ""a''Ã[˝ [˝ à˘ [˝Ãâ, ÿëˆ\ˆÁ„[˝Ã[˝ Y◊Ã[˝[˝wÔ¯X ac˜„L c˜Ã^ XÁ* TˆÁÃ[˝
a„Ü patient c˜„Ã^ ^TˆV…Ã[˝ possible EıÁL EıÃ[˝„Tˆ c˜Ã^* Â^ ◊VX psychic at-
mosphere a[[˝Ôy ÿöˆÁ◊YTˆ c˜„[˝, Âa ◊VXcÕ AcÕ a[˝ %ÁÃ[˝ c˜„[˝ XÁ*
T«ˆ◊] ◊Eı green Eı_Á ÂF„Ã^◊ªK˜„_? ^Á„VÃ[˝ ◊Yw¯ %Á‰ªK˜, TˆÁ„VÃ[˝ Y„l˘ Am„_Á
\ˆÁ_ XÃ^* ÂF„_ [˝◊]Ã[˝ \ˆÁ[˝ c˜Ã^* AcÕm„_Á ÂF„Tˆ XÁcÕ*
%ÁL„Eı ◊Eı c˜Ã^, TˆÁ ÂV„F %Á]Á„Eı LÁXÁC TˆÁÃ[˝Y„Ã[˝ [˝_[˝ FÁ„[˝ [˝Á [˝µ˘
EıÃ[˝„Tˆ c˜„[˝ ◊Eı [˝V_Á„Tˆ c˜„[˝*
*
Â^ Ã[˝Eı]cÕ c˜Ã^ W˝ÓÁ„X Eı„∂ˆÇÔ [˝Á C]◊X [˝a„_ ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ ËªJÙTˆXÓ ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ `◊N˛
%ÁW˝Á„Ã[˝ XÁ]Á C EıÁL EıÃ[˝ÁcÕ %Áa_ --- Â^ \ˆÁ„[˝, Â^ =YÁ„Ã^cÕ Âc˜ÏEı*
*
X: AFÁ„X ÂVF◊ªK˜ aÁW˝Eı aÁ◊W˝EıÁ„VÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó ◊c˜eaÁ C Y„Ã[˝Ã[˝ a∂ëˆ„µ˘ ◊X≥VÁ

EıÃ[˝Á ÿëˆ\ˆÁ[˝ F«[˝ %Á‰ªK˜*
=: T«ˆ◊] ^Á [˝_ªK˜ TˆÁ aTˆÓ --- ]ÁX«„bÃ[˝ ]X Y“ÁÃ^ AcÕ a[˝ ÂVÁ„b Y…SÔ
--- aÁW˝EıÃ[˝Á AFXC AcÕa[˝ l«˘V–TˆÁ ]X Y“ÁS ÂU„Eı ÂMı‰QÕˆ ÂZı_„Tˆ ªJÙÁÃ^ XÁ,
cÕc˜Á„Tˆ ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ EıÁ„LÃ[˝ %„XEı ◊[˝H¬ %Á„a* Tˆ„[˝ T«ˆ◊] AcÕ a[˝ ÂV„F ◊[˝ªJÙ◊_Tˆ
c˜„Ã^Á XÁ --- ◊X„L„Eı AcÕ a[˝... ÂU„Eı ÿëˆTˆ‹óˆ ÂÃ[˝„F aEı„_Ã[˝ Eı_ÓÁ„S¨K˜Á Eı„Ã[˝
◊X„LÃ[˝ aÁW˝XÁ `Á‹ôˆ ]„X EıÃ[˝*
*
‚—˜„VÃ[˝ %UÔ --- ÊªJÙTˆXÁÃ^ A]X AEıRª Ù›O ÿöˆ Á^Ã › ÊÿÉˆ ÁTˆ ^Á„Tˆ >àù˘Ô ÿôˆ[Ã ˝ C physicalAÃ[˝
a∂ëˆµ˘ c˜Ã^ --- AcÕ Ã[˝Eı] a∂ëˆµ˘ UÁEı„_ >àùÔ˘ ÿôˆ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ %Á„_Á physicalA XÁ]„Tˆ
YÁ„Ã[˝*
*
^◊V TˆÁ„Tˆ ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ËªJÙTˆXÓ c˜ÁÃ[˝Á„XÁ XÁ ^ÁÃ^, TˆÁ c˜„_ ◊[˝„`b l˘◊Tˆ XÁcÕ*
^Á EıÃ[˝, TˆÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó a‰ªJÙTˆX ÂU„Eı ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ a„Ü ^«N˛ UÁEıÁ ªJÙÁcÕ, cÕc˜ÁcÕ %Áa_*
*
T«ˆ◊] %Á]ÁÃ[˝ EıUÁ \«ˆ_ [˝«„MıªK˜ --- %Á◊] ◊_„F◊ªK˜_Á] V«cÕÃ[˝Eı] %c˜eEıÁÃ[˝ %Á‰ªK˜
--- AEıªRÙO› c˜‰¨K˜ Ã[˝ÁL◊aEı %c˜eEıÁÃ[˝ Â^ ]„X Eı„Ã[˝ %Á◊] `◊N˛]ÁX %Á]ÁÃ[˝ •ÁÃ[˝ÁcÕ
a[˝ c˜‰¨K˜ --- %ÁÃ[˝ AEıªRÙO› %Á‰ªK˜ ◊PÊı =‰∑ªRÙOÁ --- TˆÁ]◊aEı %c˜eEıÁÃ[˝ Â^ ]„X
Eı„Ã[˝ %Á◊] aEı„_Ã[˝ ÊªJÙ„Ã^ FÁÃ[˝ÁY cÕTˆÓÁ◊V Â^]X T«ˆ◊] [˝ÁÃ[˝ [˝ÁÃ[˝ [˝_ªK˜ ""%Á]ÁÃ[˝
]Tˆ FÁÃ[˝ÁY %ÁÃ[˝ ÂEı= XÁcÕ %Á`“„]*'' TˆÁÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ ^◊V [˝_ ""%Á]ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ a[˝
[˝µ˘ c˜„Ã^‰ªK˜ %Á]ÁÃ[˝cÕ [˝ÁW˝ÁÃ^ %Á`“„]Ã[˝ AcÕ %[˝ÿöˆÁ*'' Tˆ„[˝ AcÕªRÙO› Â^ Â`„bÁN˛
TˆÁ]◊aEı %c˜eEıÁÃ[˝ ªK˜ÁQÕˆÁ %ÁÃ[˝ ◊Eı c˜„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝?
*
%Á„G Â^ %[˝ÿöˆÁ ◊ªK˜_, ^Á ÂY„Ã^◊ªK˜„_, Âa a[˝ XrÙ c˜Ã^ ◊X, XrÙ c˜[˝ÁÃ[˝C XÃ^,
◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ %`Á◊‹ôˆ„Tˆ C %aÁ[˝W˝ÁXTˆÁÃ^ ªRÙÁEıÁ Y‰QÕˆ◊ªK˜_* `Á‹ôˆ C a‰ªJÙTˆX c˜„_cÕ
a[˝ ◊Zı„Ã[˝ %Á„a* TˆÁc˜ÁcÕ AFX c˜‰¨K˜* AFX %Á„GEıÁÃ[˝ ]TˆX aÁW˝XÁ EıÃ[˝
--- %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ V–”Tˆ =~◊Tˆ c˜„[˝*
*
^FX >àùÔ˘ ÊªJÙTˆXÁ]Ã^ %[˝ÿöˆÁÃ[˝ [˝V„_ ◊X∂oˆ ÊªJÙTˆXÁÃ[˝ %[˝ÿöˆÁ %Á„a --- A Ã[˝Eı]
Tˆ aEı_ aÁW˝„EıÃ[˝ c˜Ã^ --- TˆFX ◊X„L„Eı quiet ÂÃ[˝„F ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ `◊N˛„Eı QˆÁEı„Tˆ
c˜Ã^ %ÁÃ[˝ ◊X„L„Eı F«„_ ◊V„Tˆ c˜Ã^ ^Tˆl˘S >àùÔ˘ %[˝ÿöˆÁ ◊Zı„Ã[˝ XÁ %Á„a* ◊X∂oˆ
%[˝ÿöˆÁ ÿöˆÁÃ^› c˜„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ XÁ, \ˆÁ_ %[˝ÿöˆÁ ◊ZıÃ[˝„[˝cÕ* A Ã[˝Eı] EıÃ[˝„_ Y“„TˆÓEı [˝ÁÃ[˝
◊X∂oˆ Y“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝ EıTÊıªRÙOÁ =~◊Tˆ c˜Ã^, AEı %e` ---- ^Á %Á„G ÂFÁ_Á ◊ªK˜_ XÁ
--- F«„_ ^ÁÃ^ --- Â`„b a[˝ F«„_ UÁEı„[˝ %ÁÃ[˝ a[˝ >àùÔ˘ ÊªJÙTˆXÁ]Ã^ %[˝ÿöˆÁÃ^
ÿöˆÁÃ^›\ˆÁ„[˝ UÁEı„[˝*
*
]Á ÂTˆÁ]Á„Eı ÊªK˜‰QÕˆ ÂVX XÁcÕ, ªK˜ÁQÕˆ„[˝XC XÁ* ÊªJÙTˆXÁ `Ã[˝›Ã[˝‰ªJÙTˆXÁÃ^ ÂX„]„ªK˜

[˝„_ A [˝ÁW˝Á VÒÁ≈◊QÕˆ„Ã^ ◊G„Ã^‰ªK˜, %„X„EıÃ[˝ c˜„Ã^‰ªK˜* A Tˆ ◊ªJÙÃ[˝ÿöˆÁÃ^› XÃ^ --- ÈW˝^ÔÓ
ÂÃ[˝„F ªJÙ_ [˝ÁW˝ÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝ÓC --- \ˆÁ_ %[˝ÿöˆÁ %Áa„[˝*
*
"Tˆ'Ã[˝ a∂ëˆ„µ˘ %Á◊] ÂTˆÁ]Á„Eı Y“U] ÂU„EıcÕ aTÊÔı Eı„Ã[˝◊ªK˜_Á] %ÁÃ[˝ A a„[˝„Tˆ
Y“„[˝` XÁ Eı„Ã[˝ ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ EıÁL ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝cÕ LXÓ EıÃ[˝„Tˆ [˝„_◊ªK˜_Á], T«ˆ◊]C TˆÁc˜Á„Tˆ
a∂ˆÇTˆ c˜„Ã^◊ªK˜„_* TˆÁ ªK˜ÁQÕˆÁ AcÕ a[˝ ac˜Ó XÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ ◊`F„_ aÁW˝„EıÃ[˝ =◊ªJÙTˆ
a]TˆÁ ÂEıÁ„x„Eı %Áa„[˝? %◊Y“Ã^ [˝Ó[˝c˜ÁÃ[˝, %◊Y“Ã^ EıUÁ, %◊Y“Ã^ HªRÙOXÁ AcÕ aEı_cÕ
aÁW˝Eı„Eı \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ AEı◊Xúˆ C LG„TˆÃ[˝ a[˝ HªRÙOXÁÃ^ %◊[˝ªJÙ_ c˜[˝ÁÃ[˝ oppor-
tunity Eı„Ã[˝ ÂVÃ^* %ÁÃ[˝ a[˝ ^Á ◊_„FªK˜, TˆÁÃ[˝ =YÁÃ^ EıÁ~Á XÃ^, =YÁÃ^ ◊X„LÃ[˝
psychic beingA [˝Áa Eı„Ã[˝ ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ `◊N˛Ã[˝ =YÃ[˝ ◊X\ˆ¤Ã[˝ Eı„Ã[˝ %G–aÃ[˝ c˜CÃ^Á,
^Á„Tˆ a[˝ [˝ÁW˝Á, a[˝ %Y…SÔTˆÁ quietly Eı„] ^Á„[˝, ◊[˝XrÙ c˜„Ã^ ^Á„[˝* ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝
\ˆÁ_ %[˝ÿöˆÁ ◊Zı„Ã[˝‰ªK˜ £„X a«F› c˜_Á], Âa %[˝ÿöˆÁ Â^X %ªJÙ_ c˜„Ã^ UÁE«ıEı*
*
VitalAÃ[˝ ÂGÁ_]Á_ ^FX %ÁÃ[˝ c˜„[˝ XÁ, physicalA ^FX `Á◊‹ôˆ Y«„Ã[˝Á\ˆÁ„[˝
a[˝ a]Ã^ UÁEı„[˝, AcÕ a[˝ `Ã[˝›„Ã[˝Ã[˝ G_V %ÁÃ[˝ UÁEı„[˝ XÁ*
*
X: %ÁL Eı◊VX ◊X∂oˆ Y“E ı◊Tˆ c˜„Tˆ %aeFÓ [˝ÁW˝Á A„a G–Áa C %◊W˝EıÁÃ[˝
EıÃ[˝„Tˆ ªJÙÁcÕ‰ªK˜* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ AcÕ a[˝ ◊EıªK«˜Ã[˝ ]„W˝ÓC %Á]ÁÃ[˝ c˜÷V„Ã^ ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ ÿˆÇ ◊Tˆ C
ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ EıÁ‰ªK˜ %Á±¡a]YÔ„SÃ[˝ cÕ¨K˜Á A[˝e ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ ÊY“] %X«\ˆ[˝ EıÃ[˝◊ªK˜*
=: [˝ÁW˝ÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝ÓC [^◊V] ÂacÕ \ˆÁ[˝ ÂacÕ ÿˆÇ ◊Tˆ Ã[˝ÁF„Tˆ YÁÃ[˝, TˆÁ c˜„_ Â_`]Áy
\ˆÁ[˝XÁÃ[˝ EıÁÃ[˝S XÁcÕ, TˆÁ„TˆcÕ Â`„b a[˝ [˝ÁW˝Á„Eı %◊Tˆy‘] Eı„Ã[˝ ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ ËªJÙTˆ„XÓÃ[˝
]„W˝Ó ÿöˆÁÃ^›\ˆÁ„[˝ ◊X[˝Áa EıÃ[˝„[˝*
*
A a[˝ Tˆ Y“Á„SÃ[˝ TˆÁ]◊aEı EıîXÁ, ◊X∂oˆ Y“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝ suggestion* ◊[˝Ã[˝”à˘

`◊N˛C A a[˝ %„^ÁGÓTˆÁÃ[˝ ]Ã[˝„SÃ[˝ idea suggest Eı„Ã[˝ ◊XÃ[˝Á`Á C V«[[˝Ô_TˆÁ
%ÁX[˝ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ* AcÕ a[˝ suggestion„Eı EıFX ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ Y“„[˝` EıÃ[˝„Tˆ ◊V„Tˆ XÁcÕ*
*
Sex-impulse ◊Eı \ˆÁ„[˝ =Pˆ‰ªK˜? aÁW˝ÁÃ[˝S\ˆÁ„[˝ XÁ EıÁÃ[˝C =YÃ[˝ %ÁEıbÔS*

^Á =P«Êı XÁ ÂEıX, TˆÁ„Eı %Á`“Ã^ XÁ ◊V„Ã^ Y“TˆÓÁFÓÁX Eı„Ã[˝ ]Á„Eı QˆÁEı, ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝
`◊N˛„Eı %ÁW˝Á„Ã[˝ ÂQˆ„Eı XÁ◊]„Ã^ VÁC --- %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ aTˆÓ ËªJÙTˆXÓ A„a `Ã[˝›„Ã[˝ ÿöˆÁ◊YTˆ
c˜„[˝*
*
X: ...]ÁUÁÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ c˜„Tˆ ◊EıªK«˜Ã[˝ %[˝TˆÃ[˝S C ªJÙÁY %X«\ˆ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝, TˆFX ]ÁUÁ
EıÁ]QÕˆÁÃ^ ÂEıX?
=: Âa ]ÁUÁ EıÁ]QÕˆÁX G–Ác˜Ó EıÃ[˝„Tˆ ÂXcÕ* =Y„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ◊L◊Xb XÁ]„Tˆ XÁ]„Tˆ
Âa„Ã[˝ ^ÁÃ^*
*
X: ]Á, GTÊıÁ_ ÿëˆ‰Y¬ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ YÁ◊UÔ[˝ ]Á„Eı ÂV„F◊ªK˜* Âa [˝__, ""]Á„Eı

a+…SÔÃ[˝÷„Y ◊X„L„Eı ◊V„Ã^ aÁW˝XÁ EıÃ[˝, %Á◊] ÂTˆÁ„Eı %ÁÃ[˝ [˝ÁW˝Á ÂV[˝ XÁ* T«ˆcÕ
]Á„Eı ÂY„_ %Á◊] ]«◊N˛ YÁ[˝*''
=: AcÕ a[˝ ÿëˆ‰Y¬ YÁ◊UÔ[˝ ]Á %Á„a physical natureAÃ[˝ Y“Tˆ›Eı c˜„Ã^*

Â^ AcÕ a[˝ EıUÁ [˝_◊ªK˜_, Âa ◊ªK˜_ ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ YÁ◊UÔ[˝ ]Á XÃ^, YÁ◊UÔ[˝ ]ÁÃ[˝ Ã[˝÷Y
G–c˜S Eı„Ã[˝ YÁ◊UÔ[˝ Y“E ı◊Tˆ*
*
X: %ÁL c˜„Tˆ %Á◊] ÈW˝^ÔÓc˜›X %`Á‹ôˆ %W˝›Ã[˝ c˜[˝ XÁ C [˝ÁW˝Á ÂV„F \ˆÃ^ EıÃ[˝[˝
XÁ... AFX ^TˆcÕ [˝ÁW˝Á %Áa«Eı `Á‹ôˆ\ˆÁ„[˝ G\ˆ›Ã[˝ ◊[˝`üÁ„a ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ ◊V„Eı %Áa[˝
C TˆÁ„VÃ[˝„Eı ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ YÁ„Ã^ ◊V„Ã^ ÂV[˝*
=: cÕc˜ÁcÕ right attitude* a[[˝ÔVÁ AcÕ attitude Ã[˝ÁF„Tˆ c˜Ã^, TˆÁc˜„_ ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝
`◊N˛ ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ ac˜„L EıÁL EıÃ[˝„Tˆ YÁÃ[˝„[˝ AcÕ %[˝‰ªJÙTˆXÁÃ[˝ Âl˘y„Eı
Ã[˝÷YÁ‹ôˆ◊Ã[˝Tˆ EıÃ[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ*
*
X: ]Á, %Á◊] TˆÁ„Eı [AEı◊ªRÙO F«[˝ `Á‹ôˆ \ˆÁ[˝] %X«\ˆ[˝ EıÃ[˝◊ªK˜ ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ÊªJÙÁ„F ÂVF◊ªK˜
XÁ* Âa %Ã[˝÷„Y ÂEıX UÁEı‰ªK˜?
=: `Á◊‹ôˆÃ[˝ EıÁL Y“ÁÃ^ %Ã[˝÷„YcÕ c˜Ã^*
*
X: %Á◊] ]Á„Mı ]Á„Mı ◊X„LÃ[˝ ÊªJÙTˆXÁ ÂEıX c˜Á◊Ã[˝„Ã^ ÂZı◊_? cÕc˜Á FÁÃ[˝ÁY XÁ
\ˆÁ_? ÂEıÁX ◊EıªK«˜ EıÃ[˝„Tˆ EıÃ[˝„Tˆ ÂV◊F Â^ ÊªJÙTˆXÁªRÙOÁ c˜PˆÁd ÂEıÁUÁÃ^ ªJÙ„_ ÂG‰ªK˜,
%Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ %ÁYXÁ %ÁY◊X ◊Zı„Ã[˝ %Á„a*
=: ÊªJÙTˆ XÁ ^FX ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ ^ÁÃ^ TˆFX B Ã[˝Eı] c˜Ã^* FÁÃ[˝ÁY XÃ^, Tˆ„[˝ EıÁ„LÃ[˝
a]Ã^ Â[˝`› G\ˆ›„Ã[˝ XÁ ^ÁCÃ^Á \ˆÁ_*
*
X: ]Á, %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó AEı◊ªRÙO \ˆÁ[˝ %Á‰ªK˜ Â^ T«ˆ◊] %Á]Á„Eı [˝QÕˆ [˝QÕˆ aÁW˝Eı-
aÁ◊W˝EıÁÃ[˝ ]Tˆ \ˆÁ_[˝Áa XÁ, ÂVF XÁ, ªJÙÁC XÁ, C ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ Eı„Ã[˝ ◊X¨K˜ XÁ...*
=: ^Á ÂVFªK˜ TˆÁ aTˆÓcÕ* £W˝« ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ XÁcÕ, %Á`“]]Ã^ AcÕ \ˆÁ[˝ Ã[˝„Ã^‰ªK˜,
%„X„EıÃ[˝ aÁW˝XÁÃ[˝ ◊[˝b] [˝ÁW˝Á a ◊rÙ Eı‰¨K˜¤* AÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó %Á‰ªK˜ TˆÁ]◊aEı %c˜·¯ÁÃ[˝
C l«˘V– vitalAÃ[˝ VÁ[˝›* A \ˆÁ[˝„Eı EıFXC ÿöˆÁX ◊V„Ã^Á XÁ* Â^ ]Á„Eı ◊EıªK«˜ XÁ
ÊªJÙ„Ã^ ◊X„L„Eı ÂVÃ^, Âa ]Á„Eı a+…SÔ\ˆÁ„[˝ YÁÃ^, ]Á„Eı ÂY„_ a[˝cÕ YÁCÃ^Á ^ÁÃ^,
\ˆÁG[˝Tˆ ËªJÙTˆXÓ, `Á◊‹ôˆ, ◊[˝`Á_TˆÁ, \ˆÁG[˝Tˆ p˚ÁX C ÊY“] cÕTˆÓÁ◊V* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ l«˘V– VÁ[˝›
EıÃ[˝„Tˆ ÂG„_, £W˝« [˝ÁW˝ÁcÕ a ◊rÙ c˜Ã^*
*
X: V«'◊TˆX ◊VX ^Á[˝d %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ]ÁUÁW˝Ã[˝Á c˜„Ã^‰ªK˜...* ]ÁUÁÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ %Á„GÃ[˝ ]Tˆ
[˝QÕˆ AEıª◊ªRÙO ◊EıªK«˜ %Á‰ªK˜ [˝„_ ]„X c˜‰¨K˜, %ÁÃ[˝ AFX ]ÁUÁ c˜„Tˆ a]ÿôˆ `Ã[˝›„Ã[˝
Y^ÔÓ‹ôˆ ªK˜◊QÕˆ„Ã^ YQÕˆ‰ªK˜*
=: c˜Ã^ Tˆ AcÕ ""[˝QÕˆ ◊EıªK«˜Ã[˝'' %[˝TˆÃ[˝„S `Ã[˝›„Ã[˝ AEıªªR«ÙO difficulty %Á‰ªK˜,
ÂacÕ LXÓ AcÕ ]ÁUÁ W˝Ã[˝Á* TˆÁ ^◊V c˜Ã^ ]X„Eı F«[˝ `Á‹ôˆ C wide Eı„Ã[˝ F«„_
◊V„_ ÂacÕ difficulty ªJÙ„_ ^ÁÃ^*
*
cÕc˜ÁcÕ ªJÙÁcÕ --- a]ÿôˆ ÿôˆ„Ã[˝ psychic beingAÃ[˝ Y“\ˆÁ[˝ C %Á◊W˝YTˆÓ*

*
AªRÙOÁC EıTˆ[˝ÁÃ[˝ [˝„_◊ªK˜ --- `Á‹ôˆ c˜„Ã^ ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ UÁEı --- Â^ a]Ã^cÕ aTˆÓ
ÊªJÙTˆXÁ %Á„a, AcÕ a[˝ ªJÙá˚_TˆÁ aTˆÓ„Eı V…Ã[˝ Eı„Ã[˝, ÂEı[˝_cÕ ◊]UÓÁ ◊XÃ[˝Á`Á cÕTˆÓÁ◊V
%Á„a* ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ =YÃ[˝ ◊X\ˆ¤Ã[˝ Eı„Ã[˝ `Á‹ôˆ W˝›Ã[˝ ◊ªJÙ„w¯ UÁEı, [˝ÁW˝Á aEı„_Ã[˝ c˜Ã^, [˝ÁW˝Á
a„√º¯C ◊ÿöˆÃ[˝ c˜„Ã^ Y„U Am„Tˆ c˜Ã^*
*
AEıRª ÙÁO %Á[˝[Ã ˝S AFXC %Á‰ªK˜ --- a+…SÔ `◊N˛ AFXC XÁ]„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝* TˆÁKª ˜ÁQÕˆÁ
%„XEı aÁW˝„EıÃ[˝ %ÁW˝ H«]‹ôˆ %[˝ÿöˆÁ --- Y«„Ã[˝Á LÁG„Tˆ ªJÙÁÃ^ XÁ*
*
c˜TˆÁ` c˜„Tˆ ÂXcÕ C V«fF EıÁ~Á EıÃ[˝„Tˆ ÂXcÕ* `Á‹ôˆ c˜„Ã^ ÂVF A[˝e ◊ÿöˆÃ[˝ `Á‹ôˆ
c˜„Ã^ [ÂVÁb-y”◊ªRÙO] £W˝„Ã[˝ _C*
*
X: %ÁL ÂVF◊ªK˜ Â^ =YÃ[˝ c˜‰ªTˆ AEı◊ªRÙO ªJÙy‘ XÁ◊\ˆÃ[˝ X›‰ªJÙÃ[˝ %e„` XÁ]‰ªK˜*
=: %UÔ `◊N˛Ã[˝ working lower vitalA ÂX„] A„a‰ªK˜*
*
"Eı'[Ã ˝ a„Ü ÂVFÁ c˜[˝Á[Ã ˝ Zı„_ ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ LÁG–Tˆ ]„XÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ XÃ^ ◊Eı‹ˆ«ô %[˝‰Jª ÙTˆXÁÃ^
Â^ a[˝ Y«„Ã[˝Á„XÁ HªRÙOXÁÃ[˝ ªK˜ÁY Ã[˝„Ã^‰ªK˜ --- TˆÁÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ &`Ô Y‰QÕˆ◊ªK˜_, Â^ LXÓ
Ã[˝Á‰y AcÕ ÿëˆY¬* AcÕ a[˝ %[˝‰ªJÙTˆXÁÃ[˝ Y«„Ã[˝Á„XÁ ªK˜ÁY C ÿˆÇ ◊Tˆ ÿëˆ‰Y¬ Y“ÁÃ^cÕ C‰Pˆ,
TˆÁ„Tˆ ◊[˝ªJÙ◊_Tˆ c˜[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÂEıÁX EıÁÃ[˝S ÂXcÕ* AcÕ a[˝ ªK˜ÁY %Á‰ÿôˆ %Á‰ÿôˆ A„Eı[˝Á„Ã[˝
]«‰ªK˜ ^Á„[˝ --- TˆFX %ÁÃ[˝ AcÕ Ã[˝Eı] c˜„[˝ XÁ*
*
X: ]Á, AFX AEıªªR«ÙO Â[˝`› EıUÁ [˝_„_ ]ÁUÁ ÂHÁ„Ã[˝ A[˝e ]ÁUÁ EgıÁY„Tˆ UÁ„Eı
%ÁÃ[˝ %Á◊] Â`„b V«[[˝Ô_ C AEıªªR«ÙO ªJÙá˚_ c˜„Ã^ Y◊QÕˆ*
=: AcÕ a[˝ XÁ UÁEıÁ \ˆÁ_ --- Â^]X ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ `Á‹ôˆ c˜„Ã^ UÁEıÁ, ÂTˆ]X `Ã[˝›„Ã[˝C
a[˝ `Á‹ôˆ a«F]Ã^ %ªJÙá˚_ UÁEıÁ ªJÙÁcÕ* Peace in the cells, `Ã[˝›„Ã[˝Ã[˝ %S« Y^ÔÓ‹ôˆ
`Á◊‹ôˆY…SÔ c˜„Ã^ ^Á„[˝, AcÕ ]ÁUÁ ÂHÁÃ[˝Á cÕTˆÓÁ◊V %ÁÃ[˝ UÁEı„[˝ XÁ*
*
X: EıÁ„LÃ[˝ EıUÁ [˝_„Tˆ [˝_„Tˆ %„XEı %XÁ[˝`ÓEı EıUÁ [˝„_ ÂZı◊_* TˆÁÃ[˝YÃ[˝
ÂV◊F Â^ A„Tˆ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ `Á‹ôˆ C Gêˆ›Ã[˝\ˆÁ[˝ XrÙ c˜„Ã^ ^ÁÃ^*
=: ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ ÂU„EıcÕ, ÂaFÁX c˜„Tˆ a‰ªJÙTˆX c˜„Ã^ EıUÁ [˝_Á --- cÕc˜ÁcÕ ªJÙÁcÕ*
A %\ˆÓÁa V ªRÕÙ c˜„_ %ÁÃ[˝ A [˝ÁW˝Á UÁEı„[˝ XÁ*
*
C [˝ÁQÕˆ›„Tˆ Â^ AEıªRÙO› disturbance in the atmosphere %Á‰ªªK˜, TˆÁc˜Á aTˆÓ

--- ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ [˝Á◊c˜Ã[˝ ÂU„Eı Âc˜ÏEı [˝Á ◊\ˆTˆÃ[˝ ÂU„Eı Âc˜ÏEı a[˝ disturbanceA W˝›Ã[˝
\ˆÁ„[˝ V ªRÕÙTˆÁÃ[˝ a◊c˜Tˆ ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ =YÃ[˝ ◊X\ˆ¤Ã[˝ EıÃ[˝„_ ÂEıÁX Force ◊EıªK«˜cÕ EıÃ[˝„Tˆ
YÁÃ[˝„[˝ XÁ*
*
Very good. ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ LÃ^ c˜„[˝cÕ AcÕ ◊[˝`üÁa a[˝ a]Ã^ ÂÃ[˝„F `Á‹ôˆ W˝›Ã[˝
\ˆÃ^`…XÓ c˜„Ã^ aÁW˝XÁ EıÃ[˝„Tˆ c˜Ã^*
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[˝ÁW˝Á %Á„a ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ `◊N˛ ÂX„] [˝ÁW˝Á„Eı ◊[˝XrÙ EıÃ[˝„[˝ [˝„_* ◊X∂oˆ Y“E ı◊Tˆ„Tˆ
ÂX„] ^ÁC Âa Y“E ı◊Tˆ„Eı ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ %Á„_Á `Á◊‹ôˆ `◊N˛„Tˆ \ˆ„Ã[˝ ◊V„Ã^ Ã[˝÷YÁ‹ôˆ◊Ã[˝Tˆ
EıÃ[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ*
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cÕc˜ÁcÕ ◊PÊı p˚ÁX --- ]…_ÁW˝ÁÃ[˝ c˜‰¨K˜ `Ã[˝›Ã[˝‰ªJÙTˆXÁÃ[˝ ÂEı≥V–, ÂaFÁ„X sex
impulseAÃ[˝ ÿöˆÁX, ÂaFÁ„X ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ Ã[˝ÁLÓ ÿöˆÁYX EıÃ[˝„Tˆ c˜„[˝*
X: ...ÂVF◊ªK˜ a„TˆÓÃ[˝, p˚Á„XÃ[˝, `Á◊‹ôˆÃ[˝, ÊªJÙTˆXÁÃ[˝, Y◊[˝yTˆÁÃ[˝ Ÿa◊QÕˆÃ[˝ ]Tˆ ◊Eı

ÂX„] A„a‰ªK˜; TˆÁ ◊V„Ã^ ]Á„Mı ]Á„Mı >„àùÔ˘ Â^X =‰Pˆ ^ÁcÕ A[˝e ÂaFÁ„X %„XEı
[˝Á◊_EıÁÃ[˝ aÁ„U %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ◊]_X c˜Ã^*
=: Â^ [˝Á◊_EıÁ„VÃ[˝ EıUÁ ◊_„FªK˜ TˆÁÃ[˝Á ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ `◊N˛ XÁXÁ ÿôˆ„Ã[˝* ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝
%◊\ˆp˚TˆÁm◊_ Â[˝` \ˆÁ_ --- %[˝ÿöˆÁC \ˆÁ_ --- aÁW˝XÁ \ˆÁ_ ªJÙ_‰ªK˜ --- [˝ÁW˝Ám„_Á
%Á„a [˝◊c˜fY“E ı◊Tˆ ÂU„Eı %[˝ÿöˆÁ disturb EıÃ[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ --- G–c˜S Eı„Ã[˝Á XÁ*
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V«ªRÙO› %◊G¬, ]„XÃ[˝ `Á‹ôˆ C Y“Á„SÃ[˝ Tˆ›[˝– aspiration =‰Pˆ ^ÁÃ^ --- TˆÁÃ[˝ Zı„_
>„àùÔ˘ ËªJÙTˆ„XÓÃ[˝ ÂLÓÁ◊Tˆ∂ˆÇÔÃ^ %Á„_Á XÁ„]*
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X: ...G_Á c˜„Tˆ [˝Á] c˜ÁTˆ Y^ÔÓ‹ôˆ Â^X ◊EıªK«˜ c˜„Ã^‰ªK˜ C c˜‰¨K˜... feel Eı„Ã[˝◊ªK˜
Â^ AcÕªR«ÙOE«ı %e` ◊MıXÀ ◊MıXÀ Eı„Ã[˝ `Á‹ôˆ c˜„Ã^ %[˝` c˜„Ã^ ^Á‰¨K˜ %ÁÃ[˝ Y“„TˆÓEı
Â_Á]E…ı„YÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó X›_ %Á„_Á„EıÃ[˝ ]Tˆ ◊[˝≥V« ◊[˝≥V« ◊Eı YQÕˆ‰ªK˜*
=: >àù˘Ô ËªJÙTˆXÓcÕ XÁ]‰ªK˜* G_ÁÃ^ %Á‰ªK˜ [˝◊c˜Å`¤ ›Ô [˝◊« à˘[Ã ˝ ÂEı≥V–, [˝Áß Eı„∂ˆÇ≈Ô ◊≥V–„^Ã [Ã ˝
AEıªRÙO› ÿöˆÁX --- G_Á EgıÁW˝ [˝Áß [˝«„EıÃ[˝ =Y◊Ã[˝ %e` (c˜÷V„Ã^Ã[˝ =Y„Ã[˝) Eı„∂ˆÇÔÁXΩ∆F
vital mindAÃ[˝ LÁÃ^GÁ* ÂaFÁ„X =Y„Ã[˝Ã[ Force ◊[˝ÿôˆÁÃ[˝ c˜‰¨K˜*

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aÁVÁ L[˝Á --- ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ £à˘ `◊N˛*

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X: ]Á, Ÿa◊QÕˆ ◊V„Ã^ Y“SÁ] hallA XÁ][˝ÁÃ[˝ a]Ã^ %Á◊] %X«\ˆ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝ Â^ T«ˆ◊]
=YÃ[˝ c˜„Tˆ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝ÓcÕ ÂX„] %ÁaªK˜* %ÁÃ[˝ ]Á„Mı ]Á„Mı %X«\ˆ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝ Â^
ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ stepA %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó Y≤øZ«ı_ Z«ıªRÙO‰ªK˜*
=: cÕc˜Á aTˆÓ %X«\ˆ[˝* ]Á TˆFX ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó ÂX„] ÊªJÙTˆXÁ (Y≤ø)„Eı Z«ı◊ªRÙO„Ã^
ÂVÃ^*
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`Á◊‹ôˆ XÁ]Á \ˆÁ_cÕ --- a]ÿôˆ ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ C [˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝ GÁªRÕÙ c˜„Ã^ XÁ]«Eı*
*
X: %c˜eEıÁÃ[˝, [˝ÁaXÁ, EıÁ]XÁ, VÁ[˝›, ◊c˜eaÁ, G[[˝Ô, %Áa◊N˛, %ÎªJÙTˆXÓTˆÁ

ÂEıÁUÁ c˜„Tˆ %Á„a? TˆÁ„VÃ[˝ ÿöˆÁX ÂEıÁUÁÃ^? ]Á, AcÕa[˝ EıFX A[˝e ÂEı]X Eı„Ã[˝
Y◊Ã[˝Y…SÔ\ˆÁ„[˝ V…Ã[˝ c˜„[˝?
=: TˆÁ„VÃ[˝ ÿöˆÁX ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ ÂEıÁUÁC XÁcÕ --- [˝◊c˜fY“E ı◊Tˆ ÂU„Eı %Á„a* Tˆ„[˝
^FX ]ÁX«„b ÿöˆÁX ÂY„Ã^‰ªK˜, TˆFX TˆÁÃ[˝Á Y“ÁS\…ˆ◊]„Eı VF_ Eı„Ã[˝ [˝„a Ã[˝„Ã^‰ªK˜, Â^X
%◊Tˆ◊U %Ác…˜Tˆ c˜„Ã^ [˝ÁQÕˆ›„Eı VF_ Eı„Ã[˝ [˝„a ÂZı„_* Â^ÁGaÁW˝XÁ •ÁÃ[˝Á %Á]Ã[˝Á
TˆÁ„VÃ[˝ [˝Á◊c˜[Ã ˝ Eı◊[Ã ˝, TˆFX [˝Á◊c˜„[Ã ˝ [Ã ˝„^Ã %Á[˝Á[Ã ˝ VF_ Eı[Ã ˝[˝Á[Ã ˝ ÊªJÙrÙÁ^Ã UÁ„Eı ---
^Tˆ◊VX TˆÁÃ[˝Á ◊[˝XrÙ XÁ c˜Ã^*
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Physical consciousnessAÃ[˝ Y«[Ã ˝ÁTˆX %\ˆÓÁa A]X aÁW˝Á[Ã ˝S ËªJÙTˆ„XÓ XÁ]Á

aEı„_Ã[˝ ac˜„L c˜„Ã^ ^ÁÃ^* TˆÁÃ[˝ LXÓ V«fF Eı„Ã[˝Á XÁ, ◊ÿöˆÃ[˝ c˜„Ã^ %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ >àùÔ˘
ËªJÙTˆ„XÓ ◊Zı„Ã[˝ ^ÁC* Âa ◊Zı„Ã[˝ ^ÁCÃ^Á AFX %Á„GEıÁÃ[˝ ÊªJÙ„Ã^ ac˜L c˜„Ã^‰ªK˜*
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...aEı„_Ã[˝ [˝◊c˜faw¯ÁÃ^ AcÕÃ[˝÷Y LXΩ_ç˘ %µ˘EıÁÃ[˝]Ã^ %e` %Á‰ªK˜* TˆÁ

◊X„L„VÃ[˝ XÃ^, [˝e„`Ã[˝* AcÕªRÙO› X…TˆX Eı„Ã[˝ GQÕˆ„Tˆ c˜Ã^*
*
It is very good --- ^Á ÂV„FªK˜ [˝«„MıªK˜ TˆÁ aTˆÓ* Â^ ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ YU ÂV„FªK˜,

TˆÁ„TˆcÕ ªJÙ_„Tˆ c˜„[˝, Â^ ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ %[˝ÿöˆÁ _l˘Ó Eı„Ã[˝ªK˜ TˆÁc˜ÁcÕ Ã[˝ÁF„Tˆ c˜„[˝* [˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝Ã[˝
^Á TˆÁ ÂV„F ÂX„[˝, ^Á VÃ[˝EıÁÃ[˝ TˆÁcÕ Eı„Ã[˝ ÂX„[˝ ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ TˆÁ„Tˆ ]L„[˝ XÁ, ^«N˛ c˜„[˝
XÁ, [˝ÁaXÁ EıÃ[˝„[˝ XÁ* AcÕ %[˝ÿöˆÁ ^◊V ÂEıc˜ Ã[˝ÁF„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝, Tˆ„[˝cÕ Âa aÁW˝XY„U
`›H– A„GÁÃ^, [˝ÁW˝Á ◊[˝H¬ cÕTˆÓÁ◊V A„_C TˆÁ„Eı &`Ô EıÃ[˝„Tˆ YÁÃ[˝„[˝ XÁ --- TˆÁÃ[˝
[˝◊c˜fY“E ı◊TˆC %Á‰ÿôˆ %Á‰ÿôˆ %‹ôˆÃ[˝ Y“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝ a«≥VÃ[˝ %[˝ÿöˆÁ YÁ„[˝*
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X: ÂEıc˜ %Á]Á„Eı ""X'' [˝„_ ◊ªJÙX„Tˆ YÁÃ[˝‰ªK˜ XÁ, ""X'' [˝_„_ aEı„_ %[˝ÁEı
c˜„Ã^ ^ÁÃ^* ]Á, EıÁ_„Eı A]X ÿëˆ‰Y¬ Â^X aÁÃ[˝ÁÃ[˝ÁTˆ ªJÙ„_ ÂG‰ªK˜* aEıÁ„_ LÁG[˝ÁÃ[˝
%„XEıl˘S YÃ[˝ Y^ÔÓ‹ôˆ AÃ[˝ ÊY“aÁÃ[˝ ÂV„c˜ Y^ÔÓ‹ôˆ feel EıÃ[˝◊ªK˜_Á]*
=: ÿëˆ‰Y¬Ã[˝ %UÔ ◊ªK˜_ Y«„Ã[˝Á„XÁ ÂVc˜ÿëˆ\ˆÁ„[˝Ã[˝ ] T«ˆÓ %ÁÃ[˝ ÂVc˜ÎªJÙTˆ„XÓ X[˝LXΩ
_Á\ˆ*
*
...Y“ÁS a]◊YÔTˆ c˜„_ %ÁÃ[˝ a[˝ a]YÔS EıÃ[˝ÁÃ[˝ ◊[˝„`b [˝ÁW˝Á c˜Ã^ XÁ*
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Â^ a[˝ %◊]_ c˜Ã^ "Eı'Ã[˝ a„Ü [˝Á "F'Ã[˝ a„Ü Âa TˆÁ„VÃ[˝ ]ÁX[˝ Y“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝
natural movementAÃ[˝ Zı_, psychic Y◊Ã[˝[˝wÔ¯X ªK˜ÁQÕˆÁ TˆÁÃ[˝ ÂEıÁX =YÁÃ^ XÁcÕ*
AcÕ a[˝„Eı ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ AEıªRÙO› `Á‹ôˆ a]TˆÁÃ[˝ \…ˆ◊] ÂU„Eı ÂV„F %◊[˝ªJÙ◊_Tˆ \ˆÁ„[˝
observe EıÃ[˝Á ◊`F„Tˆ c˜„[˝* ]ÁX[˝ Y“E ı◊Tˆ ac˜„L [˝V_ÁÃ^ XÁ --- ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ ^Á„VÃ[˝
psychic LÁGÃ[˝S C %W˝ÓÁ±¡ ◊\ˆ◊w¯ ÿöˆÁ◊YTˆ c˜„Ã^‰ªK˜ TˆÁ„VÃ[˝C Y„U AcÕ Y“E ı◊Tˆ„Eı
a+…SÔ %◊Tˆy‘] EıÃ[˝Á, Ã[˝÷YÁ‹ôˆ◊Ã[˝Tˆ EıÃ[˝Á ac˜L XÃ^* A„VÃ[˝ EıÁ‰ªK˜ ^ÁÃ[˝Á AFXC
◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ EgıÁªJÙÁ TˆÁc˜Á AFX EıÃ[˝Á %aêˆ[˝*
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]Á„Eı a[[˝ÔVÁ ÿˆÇÃ[˝S EıÃ[˝, ]Á„Eı QˆÁEı, TˆÁc˜„_ [˝ÁW˝Á ªJÙ„_ ^Á„[˝* [˝ÁW˝Á„Eı \ˆÃ^
Eı„Ã[˝Á XÁ, ◊[˝ªJÙ◊_Tˆ c˜„Ã^Á XÁ --- ◊ÿöˆÃ[˝ c˜„Ã^ ]Á„Eı QˆÁEı*
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[˝ÁW˝Á %X‹ôˆ appear Eı„Ã[˝ [˝‰ªRÙO, Âa appearance aTˆÓ XÃ^, Ã[˝Ál˘a› ]ÁÃ^Á
]Áy --- ◊PÊı Y„U ªJÙ_„Tˆ ªJÙ_„Tˆ Â`„b YU Y◊Ã[˝õıÁÃ[˝ c˜„Ã^ ^ÁÃ^*
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Very good --- ◊ÿöˆÃ[˝ \ˆÁ„[˝ aÁW˝XÁ Eı„Ã[˝ ªJÙ_ --- y‘„] y‘„] Y«Ã[˝ÁTˆX Y“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝
^Á ◊EıªK«˜ AFXC %Á‰ªK˜ %Á‰ÿôˆ %Á‰ÿôˆ ªJÙ„_ ^Á„[˝*
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AcÕ [˝ÁW˝Á aEı„_Ã[˝cÕ %Á‰ªK˜* Y“◊Tˆ ]«c…˜„wÔ¯ ^«N˛ c˜CÃ^Á ac˜„L c˜Ã^ XÁ* W˝›Ã[˝\ˆÁ„[˝
aÁW˝XÁ EıÃ[˝„Tˆ EıÃ[˝„Tˆ c˜„Ã^ ^ÁÃ^*
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]„XÃ[˝ %„XEıÃ[˝Eı] G◊Tˆ c˜Ã^ ^Á„VÃ[˝ ÂEıÁX aÁ]taÓ XÁcÕ* aÁW˝„EıÃ[˝C c˜Ã^,
aÁW˝ÁÃ[˝S ]ÁX«„bÃ[˝C c˜Ã^, aEı„_Ã[˝cÕ c˜Ã^ Tˆ„[˝ --- aÁW˝Eı ÂV„F C LÁ„X, aÁW˝ÁÃ[˝S
]ÁX«b ◊X„LÃ[˝ ◊\ˆTˆÃ[˝ ◊Eı c˜‰¨K˜ TˆÁ Â[˝Á„Mı XÁ* \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ ◊V„Eı a[˝ ◊ZıÃ[˝Á„Tˆ
◊ZıÃ[˝Á„Tˆ AEı ]X c˜„Ã^ ^ÁÃ^*
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]Á„Ã^[Ã ˝ a„ÜcÕ ^FX ◊\ˆTˆ„[Ã ˝ ae„^ÁG c˜„^Ã ‰ªK˜ TˆFX %ÁÃ[˝ \ˆ^Ã XÁc˜*O ^Á Y◊Ã[˝[˝w¯Ô X
EıÃ[˝„Tˆ c˜Ã^, TˆÁ ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ `◊N˛cÕ Eı„Ã[˝ ÂV„[˝* Ca[˝ Y◊Ã[˝[˝wÔ¯X EıÃ[˝„Tˆ a]Ã^ _Á„G
◊Eı‹ô«ˆ TˆÁÃ[˝ LXÓ \ˆÁ[˝XÁ XÁcÕ* ÂEı[˝_ ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ a„Ü ae^«N˛ ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ ◊XEıªRÙO a]◊YÔTˆ
c˜„Ã^ UÁEı, %ÁÃ[˝ a[˝ ◊X∏JÙÃ^ c˜„[˝*
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X: ]Á, %Á◊] AFX ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ X›Ã[˝[˝TˆÁ `Á◊‹ôˆ YÁ◊¨K˜, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ ÊªJÙTˆXÁ YÁ◊¨K˜
XÁ* a[˝ a]Ã^ ÊªJÙrÙÁ Eı◊Ã[˝ Â^ ÂEıÁX %[˝ÿöˆÁÃ^ --- EıÁLEı∂ˆÇÔ EıUÁ[˝ÁwÔ¯Á a[˝a]Ã^
ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ a∂ëˆ„µ˘ conscious c˜„Ã^ UÁEı„Tˆ...*

=: Y“U] `Á◊‹ôˆ %Á„a --- a]ÿôˆ %ÁW˝ÁÃ[˝ `Á‹ôˆ XÁ c˜„_ p˚ÁX %ÁaÁ Eı◊PˆX*
`Á◊‹ôˆ ÿöˆÁ◊YTˆ c˜„_ ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ ◊[˝`Á_ %X‹ôˆ ËªJÙTˆXÓ %Á„a, TˆÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó Q«ˆ„[˝ %Á◊]±ºˆ
]G¬ c˜„Ã^ ^ÁÃ^, ‚—˜Áa c˜Ã^ --- Â`„b %ÁÃ[˝ ◊ªJÙc˜‘ UÁ„Eı XÁ* UÁ„Eı ÂEı[˝_ ]Á C
]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ aXÁTˆX %e` \ˆÁG[˝Tˆ %ÁX„‹ôˆÓÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó*
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[˝ÁW˝Á ac˜„L a+…SÔ ^ÁÃ^ XÁ* F«_„Tˆ F«_„Tˆ, ÊªJÙTˆXÁ [˝ÁQÕˆ„Tˆ [˝ÁQÕˆ„Tˆ `Ã[˝›Ã[˝-
‰ªJÙTˆXÁ Y^ÔÓ‹ôˆ ^FX Ã[˝÷YÁ‹ôˆ◊Ã[˝Tˆ c˜Ã^ TˆFX [˝ÁW˝Á a+…SÔ ªJÙ„_ ^ÁÃ^* TˆÁÃ[˝ %Á„G
Eı„] ^Á„[˝, Â[˝◊Ã[˝„Ã^ ^Á„[˝, [˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝ [˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝ UÁEı„[˝, --- T«ˆ◊] [˝ÁW˝ÁÃ^ ◊[˝ªJÙ◊_Tˆ XÁ
c˜„Ã^ ◊X„L„Eı ÿëˆTˆ‹óˆ Eı„Ã[˝ Ã[˝ÁF* [˝ÁW˝Á„Eı ◊X„LÃ[˝ [˝„_ %ÁÃ[˝ ÿëˆ›EıÁÃ[˝ Eı„Ã[˝Á XÁ
--- TˆÁ c˜„_ TˆÁÃ[˝ ÂLÁÃ[˝ Eı„] ^Á„[˝*
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Y“ÁS„Eı W[˝ea EıÃ[˝„Tˆ XÁcÕ, Y“ÁS ◊\ˆ~ ÂEıÁX EıÁL EıÃ[˝Á ^ÁÃ^ XÁ, L›[˝XC
UÁ„Eı XÁ* Y“ÁS„Eı Ã[˝÷YÁ‹ôˆÃ[˝ ◊V„Tˆ c˜Ã^* \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ ^‹óˆ EıÃ[˝„Tˆ c˜Ã^*
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◊X„LÃ[˝ ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ `Á◊‹ôˆ, ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ `◊N˛ C %Á„_Á ÂÃ[˝„F `Á‹ôˆ\ˆÁ„[˝ a[˝ EıÃ[˝
--- TˆÁc˜„_ %ÁÃ[˝ ◊EıªK«˜Ã[˝ VÃ[˝EıÁÃ[˝ XÁcÕ --- a[˝ Y◊Ã[˝õıÁÃ[˝ c˜„Ã^ ^Á„[˝*
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V«Ã[˝Eı] `…XÓ %[˝ÿöˆÁ c˜Ã^ --- AEıªRÙOÁ physical TˆÁ]◊aEı LQÕˆ ◊X‰∏JÙrÙTˆÁ ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝
%ÁÃ[˝ AEıªRÙOÁ `…XÓTˆÁ ◊X‰∏JÙrÙTˆÁ c˜Ã^ >àùÔ˘ ÊªJÙTˆXÁÃ[˝ ◊[˝Ã[˝ÁªRÙO `Á◊‹ôˆ C %Á±¡„[˝ÁW˝ XÁ][˝ÁÃ[˝
%Á„G* AcÕ V«‰ªRÙOÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó ÂEıÁXªRÙO› A„a‰ªK˜ ªTˆÁ ÂVF„Tˆ c˜„[˝, EıÁÃ[˝S V«‰ªRÙOÁ„TˆcÕ a[˝
ÂU„] ^ÁÃ^, ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ÊªJÙTˆXÁ `…XÓ c˜„Ã^ Y‰QÕˆ UÁ„Eı*
*
^FX `…XÓ %[˝ÿöˆÁ c˜Ã^, TˆFX `Á‹ôˆ c˜„Ã^ ]Á„Eı QˆÁEı* `…XÓ %[˝ÿöˆÁ aEı„_Ã[˝cÕ
c˜Ã^, Tˆ„[˝ `Á‹ôˆ `…XÓ %[˝ÿöˆÁ c˜„_ aÁW˝XÁÃ[˝ =YEıÁÃ[˝› c˜Ã^ --- %`Á‹ôˆ c˜„_ TˆÁÃ[˝
Zı_ c˜Ã^ XÁ*
*
FÁÃ[˝ÁY `◊N˛ ªK˜ÁQÕˆÁ ◊Eı A]X X›‰ªJÙ ªRÙOÁX„[˝ C V«[[˝Ô_ [˝Ó◊Tˆ[˝Óÿôˆ Eı„Ã[˝ ÂZı_„Tˆ
YÁ„Ã[˝? AtmosphereA AcÕÃ[˝÷Y `◊N˛ %„XEı H«Ã[˝‰ªK˜ aÁW˝EıÃ[˝Á %Á`“Ã^ ÂVÃ^ [˝„_*
^◊V %Á„a ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝, ]Á„Eı ÂQˆ„Eı Y“TˆÓÁFÓÁX Eı„Ã[˝ VÁC* ◊EıªK«˜ EıÃ[˝„Tˆ YÁÃ[˝„[˝
XÁ, ◊ªRÙOEı„Tˆ YÁÃ[˝„[˝ XÁ*
*
cÕc˜Á Tˆ ]ÁX«b ]ÁycÕ Eı„Ã[˝ --- Y“èaÁÃ^ c˜÷rÙ, ◊X≥VÁÃ^ V«f◊FTˆ c˜Ã^ --- ◊EıªK«˜
%‡«ˆTˆ [˝ÓÁYÁÃ[˝ XÃ^* Tˆ„[˝ aÁW˝„EıÃ[˝ Y„l˘ AcÕ V«[[˝Ô_TˆÁ %◊Tˆy‘] EıÃ[˝ÁcÕ ◊XTˆÁ‹ôˆ
Y“„Ã^ÁLX --- ÿô«ˆ◊Tˆ◊X≥VÁÃ^ ]ÁX %Y]Á„X %◊[˝ªJÙ◊_Tˆ UÁEı„[˝* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ TˆÁc˜Á ac˜„L
c˜Ã^ XÁ --- a]„Ã^ c˜„[˝*
*
AcÕ ◊[˝Ã[˝ÁªRÙO %[˝ÿöˆÁ ]ÁUÁÃ[˝ ^FX c˜Ã^, CÃ[˝ %UÔ ]X ◊[˝`Á_ c˜„Ã^ ◊[˝`ü]„XÃ[˝
a„Ü ^«N˛ c˜„Ã^ ^Á‰¨K˜* G_Á cÕTˆÓÁ◊VÃ[˝ ◊[˝Ã[˝ÁªRÙO c˜CÃ^ÁÃ[˝ %UÔ --- Âa Âa ÂEı‰≥V–Ã[˝
Â^ ÊªJÙTˆXÁ TˆÁÃ[˝C ÂacÕ %[˝ÿöˆÁ %ÁÃ[˝êˆ c˜‰¨K˜*
*
^◊V [˝ÁaXÁ ÂYÁbS EıÃ[˝, %W˝›Ã[˝ c˜„Ã^ ^ÁC aÁW˝XÁÃ[˝ Zı„_Ã[˝ L„XÓ, TˆÁ c˜„_
`Á‹ôˆ X›Ã[˝[˝ ÂEı]X Eı„Ã[˝ UÁEı„[˝* ]ÁX«„bÃ[˝ ÿëˆ\ˆÁ„[˝Ã[˝ Ã[˝÷YÁ‹ôˆ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ]Tˆ [˝QÕˆ EıÁL,
TˆÁ ◊Eı AEı ]«c…˜„wÔ¯ c˜Ã^? ◊ÿöˆÃ[˝ c˜„Ã^ ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ `◊N˛„Eı EıÁL EıÃ[˝„Tˆ VÁC, TˆÁ c˜„_
a]„Ã^ a[˝ c˜„Ã^ ^Á„[˝*
*
%Á]Ã[˝Á V…„Ã[˝C ^ÁcÕ ◊X TˆÓÁGC Eı◊Ã[˝ ◊X* ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ ]X Y“ÁS ^FX %`Á‹ôˆ c˜Ã^,
TˆFX AcÕ a[˝ \«ˆ_ EıîXÁ ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ ]„X C‰Pˆ* [˝ÁW˝ÁC ^◊V =‰Pˆ, %µ˘EıÁÃ[˝C
^◊V %Á„a, ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ =YÃ[˝ \ˆÃ[˝aÁ c˜ÁÃ[˝Á„Tˆ ÂXcÕ --- ◊ÿöˆÃ[˝\ˆÁ„[˝ TgˆÁ„Eı QˆÁEı„Tˆ
QˆÁEı„Tˆ %ªJÙá˚_ UÁEı, [˝ÁW˝Á %µ˘EıÁÃ[˝ a„Ã[˝ ^Á„[˝*

*
Y“SÁ„] [˝Á V`Ô„X ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ [˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝Ã[˝ appearance ÂV„F ◊Tˆ◊X a«F› [˝Á V«f◊FTˆ
cÕc˜Á %X«]ÁX EıÃ[˝Á =◊ªJÙTˆ XÃ^* Â_Á„Eı TˆÁcÕ Eı'„Ã[˝ ÂEı[˝_cÕ \«ˆ_ Eı„Ã[˝, ◊]UÓÁ
%X«]ÁX Eı„Ã[˝ ]Á %a‹ô«ˆ rÙ, ]Á Eı‰PˆÁÃ[˝, ]Á %Á]Á„Eı ªJÙÁÃ^ XÁ, V…„Ã[˝ Ã[˝ÁF‰ªK˜ cÕTˆÓÁ◊V
EıTˆ ◊]UÓÁ EıîXÁ %ÁÃ[˝ TˆÁ„Tˆ ◊XÃ[˝Á` c˜„Ã^ ◊X„LÃ[˝ Y„UÃ[˝ ◊X„L [˝ÓÁHÁTˆ a ◊rÙ
Eı„Ã[˝* AcÕ a[˝ XÁ Eı„Ã[˝ ◊X„LÃ[˝ ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ =YÃ[˝, ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ love C helpAÃ[˝
=YÃ[˝ %ªRÙO_ ◊[˝`üÁa ÂÃ[˝„F Y“Z«ı{ `Á‹ôˆ ]„X aÁW˝XÁÃ^ Am„Tˆ c˜Ã^* ^ÁÃ[˝Á TˆÁc˜ÁcÕ
Eı„Ã[˝, TˆÁÃ[˝Á ◊XÃ[˝ÁYV UÁ„Eı --- [˝ÁW˝Á A„_ %µ˘EıÁÃ[˝ A„_ Âa TˆÁ„VÃ[˝ &`Ô EıÃ[˝„Tˆ
YÁ„Ã[˝ XÁ, TˆÁÃ[˝Á [˝„_ ""XÁ, ]Á-cÕ %Á‰ªK˜X, ◊Tˆ◊X ^Á Eı„Ã[˝X TˆÁcÕ \ˆÁ_ --- TgˆÁ„Eı
%Á◊] A ]«c…˜„wÔ¯ XÁ ÂVF„Tˆ ÂY„_C %Á]ÁÃ[˝ EıÁ‰ªK˜ Ã[˝„Ã^‰ªK˜X, %Á]Á„Eı ◊H„Ã[˝
Ã[˝„Ã^‰ªK˜X, %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ÂEıÁX \ˆÃ^ XÁcÕ*'' cÕc˜ÁcÕ EıÃ[˝„Tˆ c˜Ã^ ---- AcÕ \ˆÃ[˝aÁ ÂÃ[˝„F aÁW˝XÁ
EıÃ[˝„Tˆ c˜Ã^*
*
TˆÁ]◊aEı a]YÔS aÁ„U TˆÁ]◊aEı %c˜eEıÁ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ÂEıÁX a∂ëˆµ˘ XÁcÕ* TˆÁ]◊aEı

%c˜eEıÁÃ[˝ ]Á„X ""%Á◊] YÁY›, %Á◊] V«[[˝Ô_, %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ÂEıÁX =~◊Tˆ c˜„[˝ XÁ, %Á]ÁÃ[˝
aÁW˝XÁ c˜„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ XÁ, %Á◊] V«fF›, \ˆG[˝ÁX %Á]Á„Eı G–c˜S Eı„Ã[˝ ◊X* ]Ã[˝ScÕ
%Á]ÁÃ[˝ AEı]Áy %Á`“Ã^, ]Á %Á]Á„Eı \ˆÁ_[˝Á„aX XÁ, %ÁÃ[˝ aEı_„Eı \ˆÁ_[˝Á„aX''
cÕTˆÓÁ◊V cÕTˆÓÁ◊V \ˆÁ[˝* Vital nature A Ã[˝Eı] ◊X„L„Eı c˜›X ÂV◊F„Ã^ ◊X„L„Eı
%ÁHÁTˆ Eı„Ã[˝* aEı„_Ã[˝ ÊªJÙ„Ã^ FÁÃ[˝ÁY, V«fF› V«rÙ ◊XY›◊QÕˆTˆ [˝„_ ÂV◊F„Ã^ %c˜e
\ˆÁ[˝„Eı ªJÙ◊Ã[˝TˆÁUÔ EıÃ[˝„Tˆ ªJÙÁÃ^ --- ◊[˝YÃ[˝›Tˆ \ˆÁ„[˝* Ã[˝ÁL◊aEı %c˜eEıÁÃ[˝ ◊PÊı =_‰ªRÙOÁ,
%Á◊] [˝QÕˆ cÕTˆÓÁ◊V [˝„_ ◊X„L„Eı ZgıÁ◊Y„Ã^ ÂVFÁ„Tˆ ªJÙÁÃ^*
*
aÁVÁ %Á„_Á divine consciousnessAÃ[˝ %Á„_Á ---- X›_ %Á„_Á higher

consciousnessAÃ[˝ --- ÂÃ[˝Ï„YÓÃ[˝ ]Tˆ %Á„_Á %ÁW˝ÓÁ◊±¡EıTˆÁÃ[˝ %Á„_Á*
*
cÕc˜Á c˜‰¨K˜ ]„XÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ >àùÔ˘ ËªJÙTˆXÓ, Â^FÁ„X ÂU„Eı %Á„a `Á◊‹ôˆ `◊N˛ %Á„_Á
cÕTˆÓÁ◊V --- aÁVÁ Y≤ø ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ ËªJÙTˆXÓ, _Á_ Y≤ø %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ËªJÙTˆXÓ --- ÂaFÁ„X p˚ÁX
C a„TˆÓÃ[˝ %Á„_Á a[[˝ÔVÁ %Á‰ªK˜*
*
X: V«cÕ ◊TˆX ◊VX ^Á[˝d Y“ÁÃ^ a]Ã^cÕ feel Eı◊Ã[˝ Â^ ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ c˜ÁTˆ %Á]ÁÃ[˝
]ÁUÁÃ[˝ =Y„Ã[˝, T«ˆ◊] %Á`›[[˝ÔÁV EıÃ[˝ªK˜ Â^X ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ G\ˆ›Ã[˝Tˆ] `Á◊‹ôˆ„Tˆ C ÊªJÙTˆXÁÃ^
Q«ˆ„[˝ UÁ◊Eı* %Á◊] a[[˝ÔVÁcÕ ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ ]W˝«]Ã^ ÊY“]]Ã^ %Á‚º˜ÁX £X◊ªK˜*
=: cÕc˜ÁcÕ aTˆÓ ÊªJÙTˆXÁÃ[˝ %[˝ÿöˆÁ C V ◊rÙ, G\ˆ›„Ã[˝ UÁEı„_ [˝Á [˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ËªJÙTˆ„XÓ
A„_ cÕc˜Á ^◊V UÁ„Eı, TˆÁ c˜„_ a[˝ ◊PÊı A◊G„Ã^ ^Á„[˝ \ˆÁG[˝Tˆ =„Å„`ÓÃ[˝ ◊V„Eı*
*
[˝◊c˜#¤G„TˆÃ[˝ a„Ü a∂ëˆµ˘ Tˆ UÁEıÁ ªJÙÁcÕ, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ Âa a[˝ =Y◊Ã[˝-=Y◊Ã[˝ (on the
surface) UÁEıÁ =◊ªJÙTˆ --- T«ˆ◊] ◊X„L ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ ◊XEıªRÙO UÁEı„[˝ %ÁÃ[˝ ÂaFÁX
ÂU„Eı CcÕ a[˝ ÂVF„[˝ --- cÕc˜ÁcÕ ªJÙÁcÕ, cÕc˜ÁcÕ Eı∂ˆÇÔ„^Á„GÃ[˝ Y“U] ÂaÁYÁX --- TˆÁÃ[˝
YÃ[˝ ◊\ˆTˆÃ[˝ ÂU„Eı ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ `◊N˛ •ÁÃ[˝Á a[˝ [˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝Ã[˝ Eı∂ˆÇÔ cÕTˆÓÁ◊V ªJÙÁ◊_„Ã^ ÂV„[˝,
cÕc˜Á c˜‰¨K˜ ◊•Tˆ›Ã^ %[˝ÿöˆÁ* cÕc˜Á EıÃ[˝„Tˆ YÁÃ[˝„_ %ÁÃ[˝ ÂEıÁX ÂGÁ_]Á_ UÁ„Eı XÁ*
*
◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ◊VEı ◊V„Ã^ Y“U] ]Á„Eı ÂY„Tˆ c˜Ã^* Y„Ã[˝ [˝Á◊c˜Ã[˝ªRÙOÁ ^FX a+…SÔ [˝„`
%Á„a, [˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝C a[[˝ÔVÁ %X«\ˆ[˝ EıÃ[˝Á ^ÁÃ^*
*
AcÕªRÙO› a[˝ a]Ã^ ]„X Ã[˝ÁF„Tˆ c˜Ã^ Â^, Â^cÕ %[˝ÿöˆÁ Âc˜ÏEı, ^TˆcÕ [˝ÁW˝Á %Áa«Eı,
^TˆcÕ a]Ã^ _ÁmEı ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ =YÃ[˝ a+…SÔ `“à˘Á ÂÃ[˝„F ªJÙ_„Tˆ c˜Ã^, TˆÁc˜„_
G‹ôˆ[˝Ó ÿöˆÁ„X Ygß‰JÙ ^ÁCÃ^Á %◊X[˝Á^ÔÓ --- ÂEıÁXC [˝ÁW˝Á, ÂEıÁXC ◊[˝_∂ëˆ, ÂEıÁXC
]≥V %[˝ÿöˆÁ Âa Â`b aZı_TˆÁ„Eı [˝ÓUÔ EıÃ[˝„Tˆ YÁÃ[˝„[˝ XÁ*
*
aTˆÓ ÂVFÁ* Psychic consciousnessAÃ[˝ Ã[˝ÁÿôˆÁ =Y„Ã[˝Ã[˝ aTˆÓ ÊªJÙTˆXÁÃ^

--- ÂacÕ psychic„Eı ÂEı≥V– Eı„Ã[˝ a[˝ ÿôˆÃ[˝ AEı\ˆÁ„[˝ \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ ◊V„Eı ◊ZıÃ[˝„Tˆ
%ÁÃ[˝êˆ Eı„Ã[˝‰ªK˜* ÂacÕ Ã[˝ÁÿôˆÁ =Y„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ◊V„Eı =Pˆ‰ªK˜ --- ÊªK˜ÁªRÙO ◊`£ ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ psy-
chic being.
Eı]_Á„_[˝[Ã« ˝ [Ã ˝e„Ã^[Ã ˝ %UÔ DivineAÃ[˝ a„Ü ◊]_X C %YÁ◊UÔ[˝ ÊªJÙTˆXÁÃ[˝ &`Ô*

*
`Á‹ôˆ\ˆÁ„[˝ aÁW˝XÁ EıÃ[˝„Tˆ EıÃ[˝„Tˆ %G–aÃ[˝ c˜C --- V«fF [˝Á ◊XÃ[˝Á`Á„Eı ÿöˆÁX
◊VC XÁ --- Â`„b a[˝ %µ˘EıÁÃ[˝ a„Ã[˝ ^Á„[˝*
*
AcÕ feeling, AcÕ `“à˘Á C ◊[˝`üÁa a[˝ a]Ã^ Ã[˝ÁF„Tˆ c˜Ã^, aÁW˝„EıÃ[˝ AcÕ
`“à˘Á C ◊[˝`üÁa, faith, conviction, ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ `◊N˛Ã[˝ Y“W˝ÁX ac˜ÁÃ^*
*
aÁW˝XÁ EıÃ[˝„Tˆ c˜Ã^ V ªRÕÙ `Á‹ôˆ ]„X, ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ =YÃ[˝ %ªR«ÙOªRÙO `“à˘Á C ◊X\ˆ¤Ã[˝ ÂÃ[˝„F*
Depression„Eı EıFXC ÿöˆÁX ◊V„Tˆ XÁcÕ* ^◊V %Á„a ªTˆ Y“TˆÓÁFÓÁX Eı„Ã[˝ V…Ã[˝
Eı„Ã[˝ ◊V„Tˆ c˜^Ã * %Á◊] X›ªJÙ, %W˝], %Á]ÁÃ[˝ •ÁÃ[˝Á c˜„[˝ XÁ, ]Á %Á]Á„Eı V…[Ã ˝ Eı„Ã[˝‰Kª ˜X,
%Á◊] ªJÙ„_ ^Á[˝, %Á◊] ]Ã[˝[˝, A a[˝ ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ ^◊V %Á„a Tˆ„[˝ LÁX„Tˆ c˜„[˝ Â^ AcÕ
a[˝ ◊X∂oˆ Y“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝ suggestions, a„TˆÓÃ[˝ C aÁW˝XÁÃ[˝ ◊[˝„Ã[˝ÁW˝›* AcÕ a[˝ \ˆÁ[˝„Eı
EıFX %Á`“Ã^ ◊V„Tˆ XÁcÕ*
*
%UÔ AcÕ --- Â^ \ˆÁ_ aÁW˝Eı \ˆÁ_ aÁW˝XÁ Eı„Ã[˝, Âa \ˆÁ_ aÁW˝XÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝ÓC
%c˜eEıÁÃ[˝, %p˚ÁX, [˝ÁaXÁÃ[˝ ªK˜ÁY %„XEı◊VX [˝„Ã^ UÁ„Eı --- ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ÊªJÙTˆXÁ ^FX
%ÁÃ[˝C F«„_ F«„_ FgÁ◊ªRÙO c˜Ã^ --- Â^]X ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ c˜„Tˆ %ÁÃ[˝êˆ c˜„Ã^‰ªK˜ --- TˆFX
Ca[˝ %p˚Á„XÃ[˝ ◊]`“S F„a Â^„Tˆ %ÁÃ[˝êˆ Eı„Ã[˝*
*
AcÕ a[˝ c˜‰¨K˜ Y“Á„SÃ[˝ ◊XÃ[˝UÔEı disturbance, `Á‹ôˆ c˜„Ã^ Â^ÁGY„U ªJÙ_„Tˆ
c˜Ã^, Âl˘Á\ˆ C ◊XÃ[˝Á`Á„Eı ÿöˆÁX ◊V„Tˆ XÁcÕ*
*
%[˝`Ó AcÕÃ[˝÷Y EıUÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó Y“Á„SÃ[˝ %„XEı %£à˘ G◊Tˆ ªR«ÙEı„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝, Âl˘Á\ˆ,
]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ =YÃ[˝ %a„‹ôˆÁb, %Y„Ã[˝Ã[˝ =YÃ[˝ ◊c˜eaÁ, ◊[˝bÁV, V«fF* AcÕ a[˝ ◊X„Ã^ XÁ
UÁEıÁ \ˆÁ_*
*
◊`£ªRÙ›O ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ psychic being* ^Á [˝E« ı ÂU„Eı =‰Pˆ C XÁ„[˝, TˆÁ [˝◊c˜fY“Eı ◊Tˆ[Ã ˝
[˝ÁW˝Á, ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ aTˆÓ„Eı ÿëˆ›EıÁÃ[˝ EıÃ[˝„Tˆ ªJÙÁÃ^ XÁ, ÊªRÙ„Eı Ã[˝ÁF„Tˆ ªJÙÁÃ^*
*
Âa ÿöˆÁX ◊YªK˜„X Â]Ã[˝”V„â¯Ã[˝ ]ÁMıFÁ„X psychic beingAÃ[˝ ÿöˆÁX* ^Á [˝SÔXÁ

Eı¨K˜¤ Âa a[˝cÕ psychic beingAÃ[˝ _l˘S*
*
cg˜ÓÁ, ]ÁX«„bÃ[˝ ÊªJÙTˆXÁÃ[˝ ÂEı≥V– [˝«„Eı Â^FÁ„X psychic beingAÃ[˝ ÿöˆÁX*

*
]…_ÁW˝ÁÃ[˝ ÂU„Eı YÁ„Ã^Ã[˝ Tˆ_Á Y^ÔÓ‹ôˆ physical ÿôˆÃ[˝ [˝_Á ^ÁÃ^, YÁ„Ã^Ã[˝ X›‰ªJÙ
%[˝‰ªJÙTˆXÁÃ[˝ Ã[˝ÁLÓ*
*
%„XEı ÿôˆÃ[˝ %Á‰ªK˜ --- =Y„Ã[˝ C ◊X‰∂oˆ, Tˆ„[˝ ]«FÓTˆ %Á‰ªK˜ CcÕ X›‰ªJÙ ªJÙÁÃ[˝ªRÙO›
ÿôˆÃ[˝, ]„XÃ[˝ ÿôˆÃ[˝, psychic ÿôˆÃ[˝, vital ÿôˆÃ[˝, `Ã[˝›Ã[˝ ÿôˆÃ[˝ --- %ÁÃ[˝ =Y„Ã[˝Ã[˝ %Á‰ªK˜
>àùÔ˘ ]„XÃ[˝ %„XEı ÿôˆÃ[˝, TˆÁÃ[˝YÃ[˝ ◊[˝p˚ÁX ÿôˆÃ[˝ C a◊¨JÙVÁX≥V*
*
^◊V ÂX„]cÕ ^ÁC, ÂaFÁ„XC `Á‹ôˆ c˜„Ã^ ]ÁÃ[˝ %Á„_Á `◊N˛ ÂQˆ„Eı XÁ◊]„Ã^
VÁC* ◊X‰∂oˆ Â^]X =Y„Ã[˝ ◊X„LÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ Ã[˝ÁLÓ aeÿöˆÁYX Eı„Ã[˝ VÁC*
*
L_ ÊªJÙTˆXÁÃ[˝ Y“Tˆ›Eı --- ^Á C‰Pˆ TˆÁc˜Á ÊªJÙTˆXÁÃ[˝ %ÁEıÁIl˘Á [˝Á TˆYaÓÁ*

^◊V aÁVÁ‰ªRÙO X›_ %Á„_Á (whitish blue) c˜Ã^, Âa %Á]ÁÃ[˝ %Á„_Á --- ^◊V
aÁW˝ÁÃ[˝S X›_ %Á„_Á c˜Ã^, Âa =Y„Ã[˝Ã[˝ p˚Á„XÃ[˝ %Á„_Á*
*
a[[˝ÔVÁ ◊ÿöˆÃ[˝ c˜„Ã^ ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ >àùÔ˘‰ªJÙTˆXÁ XÁ]„Tˆ VÁC --- TˆÁ„TˆcÕ [˝◊c˜‰∏JÙTˆXÁ
y‘]`f Ã[˝÷YÁ‹ôˆ◊Ã[˝Tˆ c˜„Ã^ ^Á„[˝*
*
`Á‹ôˆ\ˆÁ„[˝ a]YÔS EıÃ[˝„Tˆ EıÃ[˝„Tˆ ªJÙ_, Y«Ã[˝ÁTˆX a„[˝Ã[˝ Â^ Ã[˝÷YÁ‹ôˆÃ[˝ VÃ[˝EıÁÃ[˝

TˆÁ y‘„] y‘„] c˜„Ã^ ^Á„[˝*
*
\ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ a‹ôˆÁX c˜„_C A]X ÂEıÁXC aÁW˝Eı XÁcÕ ^ÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó Y“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝ l«˘V–
l«˘V– %„XEı ÂVÁb XÁcÕ* AcÕ a[˝ ^FX ÊªRÙOÃ[˝ YÁCÃ^Á ^ÁÃ^, TˆFX reject EıÃ[˝„Tˆ
c˜Ã^, ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ `◊N˛Ã[˝ %Á`“Ã^ %ÁÃ[˝C V ªRÕÙ\ˆÁ„[˝ ªJÙÁcÕ„Tˆ c˜Ã^ ^Á„Tˆ %Á‰ÿôˆ %Á‰ÿôˆ AcÕ
l«˘V– Y“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝ ÂVÁbaEı_ ◊[˝XrÙ c˜„Ã^ ^ÁÃ^, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ◊[˝`üÁa C ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ =YÃ[˝ ◊X\ˆ¤Ã[˝,
a]YÔS a[˝ a]Ã^ %ªªR«ÙOªRÙO Ã[˝ÁF„Tˆ c˜Ã^* Aa[˝ ÂVÁb a+…SÔ\ˆÁ„[˝ Â[˝Ã[˝ EıÃ[˝Á a]Ã^-
aÁ„Yl˘, %Á‰ªK˜ [˝„_ ◊[˝ªJÙ◊_Tˆ c˜„Tˆ XÁcÕ*
*
ªJÙ„_ ^Á„[˝ EıÁÃ[˝Á? ^Á„VÃ[˝ %Á‹ôˆ◊Ã[˝Eı \ˆÁ[˝ XÁcÕ, ^Á„VÃ[˝ ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ =YÃ[˝ ◊[˝`üÁa
C `“à˘Á XÁcÕ, ^ÁÃ[˝Á ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ cÕ¨K˜ÁÃ[˝ ÊªJÙ„Ã^ ◊X„LÃ[˝ EıîXÁ„Eı [˝QÕˆ [˝„_ ÂV„F, TˆÁÃ[˝Á
Â^„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ Â^ aTˆÓ„Eı ªJÙÁÃ^, ^ÁÃ[˝ `“à˘Á C ◊[˝`üÁa ªJÙÁÃ^, Â^ ]Á„Eı ªJÙÁÃ^,
TˆÁÃ[˝ ÂEıÁX \ˆÃ^ XÁcÕ, TˆÁÃ[˝ ^◊V c˜ÁLÁÃ[˝ [˝ÁW˝Á c˜Ã^, Âam„_Á Âa %◊Tˆy‘] EıÃ[˝„[˝,
^◊V ÿëˆ\ˆÁ„[˝Ã[˝ %„XEı ÂVÁb c˜Ã^ Âam„_Á Âa £W˝„Ã[˝ ÂX„[˝, ^◊V YTˆXC c˜Ã^, Âa
%Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ =Pˆ„[˝ --- Âa Â`„b AEı◊VX aÁW˝XÁÃ[˝ G‹ôˆ[˝Ó ÿöˆÁ„X YgßªJÙ„[˝cÕ*
*
cÕc˜Á right attitude XÃ^* ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ aÁW˝XÁ W[˝ea c˜Ã^◊X, ]Á ÂTˆÁ]Á„Eı TˆÓÁG
Eı„Ã[˝X ◊X, V…„Ã[˝ ^ÁX ◊X, ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ ◊[˝Ã[˝N˛ c˜X ◊X --- AcÕ a[˝ c˜‰¨K˜ Y“Á„SÃ[˝
EıîXÁ, AcÕ a[˝ EıîXÁ„Eı ÿöˆÁX ◊V„Tˆ XÁcÕ* ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ =YÃ[˝ `Á‹ôˆ aÃ[˝_ \ˆÁ„[˝ ◊X\ˆ¤Ã[˝
EıÃ[˝, [˝ÁW˝Á„Eı \ˆÃ^ XÁ Eı„Ã[˝ ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ `◊N˛„Eı ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ QˆÁEı --- ^Á ÂY„Ã^ªK˜
Âa a[˝ ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ %Á‰ªK˜, X…TˆX =~◊TˆC c˜„[˝*
*
ÊªJÙTˆXÁ >„àùÔ˘Ã[˝ a„TˆÓÃ[˝ ◊V„Eı F«_‰ªK˜* ÿëˆSÔ]Ã^…Ã[˝ --- a„TˆÓÃ[˝ LÃ^* ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝
`◊N˛ physical Y^ÔÓ‹ôˆ XÁ]‰ªK˜ --- TˆÁÃ[˝ Zı„_ a„TˆÓÃ[˝ %Á„_Á (ÂaÁXÁ_› %Á„_Á)
XÁ]‰ªK˜ %ÁÃ[˝ T«ˆ◊] ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ ◊V„Eı `›H– A◊G„Ã^ ªJÙ_ªK˜*
*
`Ã[˝›„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ÂYªK˜„XÃ[˝ %e` a[˝ ÊªJÙ„Ã^ %‰ªJÙTˆX --- Y“ÁÃ^cÕ a[˝„`„b %Á„_Á◊EıTˆ
c˜Ã^* T«ˆ◊] ^Á ÂV„FªK˜, TˆÁ aTˆÓ*
*
]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ LÃ^ c˜„[˝cÕ AcÕ ◊[˝`üÁa a[˝ a]Ã^ ÂÃ[˝„F `Á‹ôˆ W˝›Ã[˝ \ˆÃ^`…XÓ c˜„Ã^ aÁW˝XÁ
EıÃ[˝„Tˆ c˜Ã^*
*
]Á-cÕ G‹ôˆ[˝ÓÿöˆÁX, TgˆÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó a[˝cÕ %Á‰ªK˜, TgˆÁ„Eı ÂY„_ a[˝ YÁCÃ^Á ^ÁÃ^, TgˆÁÃ[˝
ÊªJÙTˆXÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó [˝Áa EıÃ[˝„_ %ÁÃ[˝ a[˝ %ÁY◊XcÕ Z«ı‰ªRÙO ^ÁÃ^*
*
]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ \ˆÁ[˝ Tˆ [˝V_ÁÃ^ XÁ --- AEıcÕ UÁ„Eı* Tˆ„[˝ aÁW˝Eı ◊X„LÃ[˝ ]„XÃ[˝
\ˆÁ„[˝Ã[˝ ]Tˆ ÂV„F Â^ [˝V„_ ÂG‰ªK˜ --- ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ TˆÁ aTˆÓ XÃ^*
*
W[˝ea c˜„_ Y◊Ã[˝[˝wÔ¯X ◊Eı„a c˜„[˝? Y“Á„SÃ[˝ `Ã[˝›„Ã[˝Ã[˝ Y«Ã[˝ÁTˆX Y“E ı◊Tˆ„Eı W[˝ea
EıÃ[˝„Tˆ c˜„[˝, Y“ÁS„Eı `Ã[˝›Ã[˝„Eı XÃ^*
*
A EıUÁ aTˆÓ Â^ aEı„_Ã[˝ ]„W˝Ó ]Á %Á‰ªK˜X C TgˆÁÃ[˝ a„Ü AEıªRÙOÁ a∂ëˆµ˘ UÁEıÁ
ªJÙÁcÕ, Tˆ„[˝ Âa a∂ëˆµ˘ personal XÃ^ Âa Â_Á„EıÃ[˝ a„Ü, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ]ÁÃ[˝cÕ a„Ü, AEıªRÙOÁ
◊[˝`Á_ B„EıÓÃ[˝ a∂ëˆµ˘*
*
AEı ◊V„Eı `Á◊‹ôˆ C aTˆÓ ÊªJÙTˆXÁÃ[˝ [˝ ◊à˘, %YÃ[˝ ◊V„Eı a]YÔS, cÕc˜ÁcÕ c˜‰¨K˜
aTˆÓ YU*
*
Y“ÁS„Eı W[˝ea EıÃ[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ cÕ¨K˜Á \«ˆ_ cÕ¨K˜Á --- Y“ÁS„Eı W[˝ea EıÃ[˝„_ `Ã[˝›Ã[˝
[˝gÁªJÙ„[˝ XÁ, `Ã[˝›Ã[˝ XÁ [˝gÁªJÙ„_ aÁW˝XÁ EıÃ[˝Á ^ÁÃ^ XÁ*
T«ˆ◊] Â[˝ÁW˝ c˜Ã^ [˝QÕˆ Â[˝`› `◊N˛ ÊªRÙO„XªK˜ --- Âa LXÓ `Ã[˝›Ã[˝ ◊PÊı W˝ÁÃ[˝S EıÃ[˝„Tˆ
YÁ‰¨K˜ XÁ* AEıªªR«ÙO `Á‹ôˆ c˜„Ã^ UÁEı„_ a[˝ ◊PÊı c˜„Ã^ ^Á„[˝*
*
cg˜ÓÁ, T«ˆ◊] ◊X\«ˆ¤_ ÂV„FªK˜ ---- ]ÁUÁÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ aÁTˆªRÙO› Y≤ø [˝Á ªJÙy‘ %Á‰ªK˜
--- Tˆ„[˝ >àùÔ˘]X XÁ F«_„_ Am„_Á ÂVFÁ ^ÁÃ^ XÁ*
*
PsychicAÃ[˝ ◊YªK˜„X, psychic %[˝ÿöˆÁÃ[˝ ◊YªK˜„X %c˜eEıÁÃ[˝ UÁEı„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝

XÁ* Tˆ„[˝ Y“ÁS ÂU„Eı Âa %c˜eEıÁÃ[˝ A„a TˆÁÃ[˝ a„Ü ^«N˛ c˜[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÊªJÙrÙÁ EıÃ[˝„Tˆ
YÁ„Ã[˝* ^◊V CcÕ Ã[˝Eı] ◊EıªK«˜ ÂVF TˆÁ c˜„_ TˆÁ G–c˜S XÁ Eı„Ã[˝ ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ EıÁ‰ªK˜ a]YÔS
EıÃ[˝„[˝ TˆÓÁG EıÃ[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ L„XÓ*
*
ÂaÁLÁ Ã[˝ÁÿôˆÁ psychicAÃ[˝ YU Â^ a]YÔ„SÃ[˝ [˝„_ C aTˆÓ V ◊rÙÃ[˝ %Á„_Á„Tˆ

◊[˝XÁ [˝gÁ„Eı =Y„Ã[˝ ªJÙ„_ ^ÁÃ^ --- Â^ AEıªªR«ÙO ÂaÁLÁ AEıªªR«ÙO H«„Ã[˝Á„XÁ, Âa c˜‰¨K˜
]ÁX◊aEı TˆYaÓÁÃ[˝ YU* %ÁÃ[˝ A„Eı[˝Á„Ã[˝ H«„Ã[˝Á„XÁ Â^ Âa c˜‰¨K˜ Y“Á„SÃ[˝ YU,
%ÁEıÁIl˘Á [˝ÁaXÁÃ^ Y…SÔ, p˚ÁXC XÁcÕ, Tˆ„[˝ Y“Á„SÃ[˝ aTˆÓ ªJÙÁCÃ^Á %Á‰ªK˜ [˝„_ ÂEıÁX
Ã[˝Eı„] ^ÁCÃ^Á ^ÁÃ^*
*
[˝ÁW˝ÁÃ[˝ EıUÁ Â_Á„Eı ^Tˆ Â[˝`› \ˆÁ„[˝, [˝ÁW˝Á Â[˝`› ÂLÁÃ[˝ Eı„Ã[˝ TˆÁ„VÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝*
\ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ EıUÁ Â[˝`› \ˆÁ[˝„Tˆ c˜Ã^ ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ EıÁ‰ªK˜ ◊X„L„Eı F«„_, --- %Á„_Á, `Á◊‹ôˆ,
%ÁX„≥VÃ[˝ EıUÁ*
*
AcÕ %a›] `Á◊‹ôˆ ^TˆcÕ [˝Á‰QÕˆ, TˆTˆcÕ \ˆÁ_* `Á◊‹ôˆcÕ c˜Ã^ Â^Á„GÃ[˝ Y“◊TˆúˆÁ*
*
^Á ÂV„FªK˜, TˆÁ a+…SÔ aTˆÓ* AcÕ G_ÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó aw¯ÁÃ[˝ AEıªRÙOÁ ÂEı≥V– %Á‰ªK˜*
Âa c˜‰¨K˜ externalising mind or physical mentalAÃ[˝ ÂEı≥V–, %UÔÁd Â^ ]X
[˝«◊à˘Ã[˝ a[˝ ÂF_Á„Eı [˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝Ã[˝ %ÁE ı◊Tˆ ÂVÃ^, Â^ ]X speechAÃ[˝ %◊W˝úˆÁTˆÁ, Â^
]X physical a[˝ ÂV„F, TˆÁ ◊X„Ã^ [˝Óÿôˆ UÁ„Eı* ]ÁUÁÃ[˝ ◊X∂oˆ\ˆÁG %ÁÃ[˝ ]«F TˆÁÃ[˝
%◊W˝EıÁ„Ã[˝ Ã[˝„Ã^‰ªK˜* AcÕ ]X ^◊V =Y„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ÊªJÙTˆXÁ [˝Á ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ a„Ü ae◊`¿rÙ c˜Ã^,
Am„_Á„Eı [˝ÓN˛ Eı„Ã[˝, Tˆ„[˝ \ˆÁ_* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ TˆÁÃ[˝ %Á„Ã[˝Á H◊Xúˆ a∂ëˆµ˘ --- ◊X∂oˆ %e„`Ã[˝
a„Ü, lower vital C physical consciousness (^ÁÃ[˝ ÂEı≥V– ]…_ÁW˝ÁÃ[˝) TˆÁÃ[˝
a„Ü* AcÕ LXÓ A Ã[˝Eı] c˜Ã^* ÂacÕ LXÓ [˝ÁEÀı„Eı ae^Tˆ EıÃ[˝ÁÃ[˝ aÁW˝XÁÃ^ [˝QÕˆ
Y“„Ã^ÁLX, ^Á„Tˆ Âa =Y„Ã[˝Ã[˝ C ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ÊªJÙTˆXÁ„Eı [˝ÓN˛ EıÃ[˝„Tˆ %\ˆÓÿôˆ c˜Ã^,
◊X‰∂oˆÃ[˝ [˝Á [˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ÊªJÙTˆXÁ„Eı XÃ^*
*
cÕc˜ÁcÕ ªJÙÁcÕ --- [˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ◊L◊Xb ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ ^ÁCÃ^Á, ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ a„Ü AEı c˜CÃ^Á,
◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ \ˆÁ[˝„Eı G–c˜S EıÃ[˝Á*
*
ÂVc˜„Eı AcÕÃ[˝÷Y ÂVFÁ \ˆÁ_* Tˆ„[˝ ÂV„c˜Ã[˝ ]„W˝Ó ËªJÙTˆXÓ %Á[˝à˘ XÁ UÁEı„_C
ËªJÙTˆXÓ ◊[˝`Á_ %a›] c˜„Ã^ ÂG„_C ÂVc˜„Eı ËªJÙTˆ„XÓÃ[˝ AEıªRÙO› %e` C ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝
^‹óˆ [˝„_ %Ü›EıÁÃ[˝ EıÃ[˝„Tˆ c˜Ã^, `ÁÃ[˝›Ã[˝ ËªJÙTˆXÓ Ã[˝÷YÁ‹ôˆÃ[˝ EıÃ[˝„Tˆ c˜Ã^*
*
cÕc˜Á F«[˝ \ˆÁ_ _l˘S* ◊X∂oˆ‰ªJÙTˆXÁcÕ =‰Pˆ ^Á‰¨K˜ >àùÔ˘‰ªJÙTˆXÁÃ[˝ a„Ü ◊]◊_Tˆ
c˜[˝ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ* =Y„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ÊªJÙTˆXÁC XÁ]‰ªK˜ LÁG–Tˆ ÊªJÙTˆXÁÃ[˝ a„Ü ◊]◊_Tˆ c˜[˝ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ*
*
cÕc˜Á ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ %Áp˚ÁªJÙy‘ %UÔÁd ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ [˝«◊à˘ ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ V ◊rÙ cÕ¨K˜Á`◊N˛Ã[˝ ÂEı≥V–
--- Âa AFX pressureAÃ[˝ VÃ[˝”X A]X F«„_ ÂG‰ªK˜, ÂLÓÁ◊Tˆ∂ˆÇÔÃ^ c˜„Ã^‰ªK˜ Â^
>àùÔ˘‰ªJÙTˆXÁÃ[˝ a„Ü ^«N˛ c˜Ã^ %ÁÃ[˝ >àùÔ˘‰ªJÙTˆXÁÃ[˝ Y“\ˆÁ[˝ a]ÿôˆ %ÁW˝Á„Ã[˝Ã[˝ =YÃ[˝
◊[˝ÿôˆÁÃ[˝ Eı„Ã[˝*
*
AcÕ %X«\…ˆ◊TˆªRÙO› F«[˝ a«≥VÃ[˝ C aTˆÓ --- Y“„TˆÓEı %ÁW˝ÁÃ[˝ A]XcÕ ]◊≥VÃ[˝ c˜CÃ^Á
ªJÙÁcÕ* ^Á £„XªK˜ Â^ ]Á-cÕ a[˝ EıÃ[˝„[˝X, £W˝« TgˆÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó Q«ˆ„[˝ UÁEıÁ ªJÙÁcÕ, cÕc˜ÁC
F«[˝ [˝QÕˆ aTˆÓ*
*
Â^ ◊[˝`Á_TˆÁ %X«\ˆ[˝ EıÃ[˝Kª ˜ TˆÁ[Ã ˝ ]„W˝Ó >„àù˘Ô [˝Áa EıÃ[˝„Tˆ c˜„[˝, ◊\ˆTˆ„[Ã ˝ G\ˆ›„Ã[˝cÕ
TˆÁÃ[˝cÕ ]„W˝Ó [˝Áa EıÃ[˝„Tˆ c˜„[˝ --- ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ cÕc˜Á ªK˜ÁQÕˆÁ a[[˝Ôy Y“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó A]X
◊Eı ◊X∂oˆYE“ ı ◊Tˆ[Ã ˝ ]„W˝ÓC Âa ◊[˝`Á_TˆÁ XÁ]Á Jª ÙÁc˜*O TˆFX ◊X∂oˆYE“ ı ◊Tˆ C [˝◊c˜fY“Eı ◊Tˆ[Ã ˝
a+…SÔ [Ã ˝÷YÁ‹ôˆ„[Ã ˝[Ã ˝ ÿöˆÁ^Ã › Y“◊TˆúˆÁ c˜„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝* EıÁÃ[˝S AcÕ ◊[˝`Á_TˆÁ ]Á„Ã^[Ã ˝ ËªJÙTˆ„XÓÃ[˝
◊[˝`Á_TˆÁ --- aeEı›SÔ ◊X∂oˆY“E ı◊Tˆ ^FX ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ ËªJÙTˆ„XÓÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó ◊[˝`Á_ C ]«N˛
c˜„Ã^ ^Á„[˝, TˆFX Âa ]…_Y^ÔÓ‹ôˆ Ã[˝÷YÁ‹ôˆ◊Ã[˝Tˆ c˜„Tˆ YÁÃ[˝„[˝*
*
%X«\…ˆ◊Tˆ„Eı ^◊V [˝ÓN˛ Eı◊Ã[˝ EıUÁÃ^ [˝Á Â_FÁÃ^, TˆFX Âa Eı„] ^ÁÃ^ [˝Á ÂU„]
^ÁÃ^, AcÕ Tˆ %„X„EıÃ[˝ c˜Ã^* Â^ÁG›Ã[˝Á Y“ÁÃ^cÕ Âa LXÓ EıÁÃ[˝”„Eı ◊X„LÃ[˝ %X«\…ˆ◊TˆÃ[˝
EıUÁ [˝„_ XÁ, %U[˝Á a[˝ V ªRÕÙ c˜„Ã^ ÂG„_ TˆÁÃ[˝ YÃ[˝ [˝„_* Tˆ„[˝ mÃ[˝”Ã[˝ EıÁ‰ªK˜,
]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ EıÁ‰ªK˜ [˝‰{ Eı]„[˝ XÁ, [˝ÁQÕˆ„[˝* ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ AcÕ %\ˆÓÁa a]ÿôˆ ◊L◊X„aÃ[˝
[]„W˝Ó] ÿöˆÁYX EıÃ[˝Á =◊ªJÙTˆ*
*
[˝Á_EıªRÙO› c˜÷VÃ^ÿöˆ \ˆG[˝ÁX %ÁÃ[˝ `◊N˛ Tˆ ]Á-cÕ c˜„[˝*

*
ªJÙy‘ H«Ã[˝‰ªK˜, ]Á„X outer beingAÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ `◊N˛Ã[˝ EıÁL ªJÙ„_‰ªK˜
--- TˆÁÃ[˝ Ã[˝÷YÁ‹ôˆÃ[˝ c˜„[˝*
*
%X«\…ˆ◊Tˆ ^FX c˜Ã^ TˆFX %◊[˝`üÁa XÁ Eı„Ã[˝ G–c˜S EıÃ[˝Á \ˆÁ_* cÕc˜Á ◊ªK˜_ aTˆÓ
%X«\…ˆ◊Tˆ --- =Y^«N˛ %X«Y^«„N˛Ã[˝ EıUÁ c˜‰¨K˜ XÁ, aÁW˝XÁÃ^ AcÕ a[˝ EıUÁÃ[˝ ◊[˝„`b
ÂEıÁX %UÔ XÁcÕ, ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ EıÁ‰ªK˜ F«_„Tˆ YÁÃ[˝„_cÕ a[˝ c˜Ã^*
*
]ÁUÁÃ^ ^Á %X«\ˆ[˝ EıÃ[˝, TˆÁc˜Á [˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ]X (physical mind) %ÁÃ[˝ XÁ◊\ˆÃ[˝

X›ªJÙ ÂU„Eı ^Á %X«\ˆ[˝ EıÃ[˝ TˆÁ c˜_ (lower vital) ◊X∂oˆ Y“ÁS*
*
]ÁUÁÃ^ AcÕÃ[˝÷Y c˜CÃ^ÁÃ[˝ %UÔ AcÕ Â^ ]X a+…SÔ F«„_‰ªK˜ C =Y„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ÊªJÙTˆXÁ

receive Eı„Ã[˝‰ªK˜*
*
cg˜ÓÁ, ^FX H«] a‰ªJÙTˆX c˜Ã^, TˆFX AcÕÃ[˝÷YcÕ c˜Ã^ --- Â^]X LÁG–„Tˆ ÂTˆ]XcÕ
H«„] aÁW˝XÁ %X[˝Ã[˝Tˆ ªJÙ„_*
*
[˝◊c˜fY“E ı◊Tˆ ªK˜ÁQÕˆ‰ªK˜ XÁ [˝„_ [˝ÁW˝Á c˜‰¨K˜* [˝◊c˜fY“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝ ^FX X[˝ LXΩ c˜„[˝
TˆFX %ÁÃ[˝ [˝ÁW˝Á UÁEı„[˝ XÁ*
*
AcÕ V«cÕ [˝ÁW˝Á aÁW˝„EıÃ[˝ Y“ÁÃ^cÕ UÁ„Eı* Y“U]ªRÙO› Y“Á„SÃ[˝, ◊•Tˆ›Ã^ªRÙO› `Ã[˝›Ã[˝‰ªJÙTˆXÁÃ[˝
--- ÿëˆTˆ‹óˆ c˜„Ã^ UÁEı„_ Eı„] ◊G„Ã^ Â`„b %ÁÃ[˝ UÁ„Eı XÁ*
*
AcÕ a[˝ [˝ÁW˝Á aEı„_Ã[˝ %Á„a, TˆÁ XÁ c˜„_ Â^ÁG◊a◊à˘ %î◊V„XcÕ c˜„Ã^ Â^Tˆ*
*
[˝ÁW˝Á ac˜„L ^ÁÃ^ XÁ* F«[˝ [˝QÕˆ aÁW˝„EıÃ[˝C ""%ÁLcÕ'' AEı ]«c…˜„wÔ¯ a[˝ [˝ÁW˝Á
a„Ã[˝ ^ÁÃ^ XÁ* %Á◊] cÕc˜ÁC %„XEı[˝ÁÃ[˝ [˝„_◊ªK˜ Â^ `Á‹ôˆ %ªJÙá˚_ c˜„Ã^ ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝
=YÃ[˝ a+…SÔ \ˆÃ[˝aÁ Eı„Ã[˝ %Á‰ÿôˆ %Á‰ÿôˆ Am„Tˆ c˜„[˝ --- AEı ]…c…˜„wÔ¯ c˜Ã^ XÁ*
""%ÁLcÕ'' a[˝ ªJÙÁcÕ AcÕÃ[˝÷Y VÁ[˝› EıÃ[˝„_ %ÁÃ[˝C [˝ÁW˝Á c˜Ã^* W˝›Ã[˝ ◊ÿöˆÃ[˝ c˜„Ã^ UÁEı„Tˆ
c˜Ã^*
*
^FX %[˝‰ªJÙTˆXÁ ÂU„Eı Tˆ„]Á\ˆÁ[˝ =‰Pˆ `Ã[˝›Ã[˝„Eı %Áy‘]S Eı„Ã[˝, TˆFX AcÕÃ[˝÷Y
%a«„FÃ[˝ ]TˆX Eı„Ã[˝ ---- =YÃ[˝ ÂU„Eı ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ `◊N˛„Eı `Ã[˝›„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ]„W˝Ó QˆÁEı
--- a[˝ ªJÙ„_ ^Á„[˝*
*
%[˝‰Jª ÙTˆXÁÃ[˝ [˝ÁW˝Á c˜„Tˆ ]«N˛ c˜[˝Á[Ã ˝ =YÁÃ^ c˜‰¨K˜ Y“U] Âam„_Á„Eı ◊ªJÙ„X ÂXCÃ^Á,
TˆÁÃ[˝YÃ[˝ Âam„_Á„Eı reject EıÃ[˝Á, Â`„b ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ [˝Á =Y„Ã[˝Ã[˝ %Á„_Á
ÊªJÙTˆXÁ `Ã[˝›Ã[˝‰ªJÙTˆXÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó XÁ]ÁX* TˆÁ c˜„_ %[˝‰ªJÙTˆXÁÃ^ ignorant move-
mentsÂEı TˆÁ◊QÕˆ„Ã^ TˆÁÃ[˝ [˝V„_ Âa ÊªJÙTˆXÁÃ[˝ movements ÿöˆÁ◊YTˆ c˜„[˝* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ
A ac˜„L c˜Ã^ XÁ --- ÈW˝„^ÔÓÃ[˝ a◊c˜Tˆ EıÃ[˝„Tˆ c˜„[˝ --- V ªRÕÙ patience ªJÙÁcÕ* ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝
=YÃ[˝ \ˆÃ[˝aÁcÕ a∂ëˆ_* Tˆ„[˝ ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ UÁEı„Tˆ YÁÃ[˝„_, ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ V ◊rÙ C ÊªJÙTˆXÁ
Ã[˝ÁF„Tˆ YÁÃ[˝„_ TˆTˆ EırÙ C Y◊Ã[˝`“] c˜Ã^ XÁ --- TˆÁ a[˝ a]Ã^ YÁÃ[˝Á ^ÁÃ^ XÁ,
TˆFX `“à˘Á C ÈW˝„^ÔÓÃ[˝ ◊XTˆÁ‹ôˆ Y“„Ã^ÁLX c˜Ã^*
*
]ÁX«„bÃ[˝ Y“E ı◊Tˆ Tˆ a[˝ a]Ã^ ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ UÁEı„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ XÁ --- ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ^FX ]Á„Eı
◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ [˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝ a[˝ %[˝ÿöˆÁÃ^ feel EıÃ[˝„Tˆ YÁÃ[˝Á ^ÁÃ^, TˆFX AcÕ difficulty %ÁÃ[˝
UÁ„Eı XÁ* ÂacÕ %[˝ÿöˆÁ %Áa„[˝*
*
%£à˘ Y“E ı◊TˆcÕ aÁW˝„EıÃ[˝ [˝ÁW˝ÁÃ[˝ a ◊rÙ Eı„Ã[˝ --- EıÁ]„\ˆÁ„GÃ[˝ cÕ¨K˜Á, %p˚ÁXTˆÁ
cÕTˆÓÁ◊V ]ÁX«„bÃ[˝ %£à˘ Y“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝cÕ %‹ôˆGÔTˆ* AcÕm◊_ aEı„_Ã[˝cÕ %Á‰ªK˜ --- ^FX
%Á„a ◊[˝ªJÙ◊_Tˆ XÁ c˜„Ã^ `Á‹ôˆ \ˆÁ„[˝ ◊X„L„Eı Y UEı Eı„Ã[˝ Y“TˆÓÁFÓÁX EıÃ[˝„Tˆ c˜Ã^*
^◊V [˝_ ""%Á◊] YÁY›'' cÕTˆÓÁ◊V TˆÁ„Tˆ V«[[˝Ô_TˆÁcÕ [˝Á‰QÕˆ* [˝_„Tˆ c˜Ã^ --- ""AcÕ
c˜‰¨K˜ ]ÁX«„bÃ[˝ %£à˘ Y“E ı◊Tˆ* AcÕm◊_ ]ÁX«„bÃ[˝ aÁW˝ÁÃ[˝S L›[˝„X UÁ„Eı, UÁE«ıEı
--- %Á◊] ªJÙÁcÕ XÁ, %Á◊] \ˆG[˝ÁX„Eı ªJÙÁcÕ, \ˆG[˝Tˆ› ]Á„EıcÕ ªJÙÁcÕ --- AcÕm„_Á
%Á]ÁÃ[˝ aTˆÓ ÊªJÙTˆXÁÃ[˝ ◊L◊Xa XÃ^* ^Tˆ◊VX %Áa„[˝ TˆTˆ◊VX ◊ÿöˆÃ[˝\ˆÁ„[˝ Y“TˆÓÁFÓÁX
EıÃ[˝[˝ --- ◊[˝ªJÙ◊_Tˆ c˜[˝ XÁ, aÁÃ^ ◊V[˝ XÁ*''
*
%Á◊] AcÕ a∂ëˆ„µ˘ [˝ÁÃ[˝ [˝ÁÃ[˝ ÂTˆÁ]Á„Eı [˝«◊Mı„Ã^ ◊V„Ã^◊ªK˜ --- Â^ [˝ÁW˝Á AEı ]«c…˜„wÔ¯
^ÁÃ^ XÁ --- [˝ÁW˝Á c˜‰¨K˜ Â^ ]ÁX«„bÃ[˝ [˝◊c˜fY“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝ ÿëˆ\ˆÁ„[˝Ã[˝ Zı_ --- Âa ÿëˆ\ˆÁ[˝
AEı ◊V„X [˝Á %î ◊V„X [˝V_ÁÃ^ XÁ --- Ê`“úˆ aÁW˝„EıÃ[˝C XÃ^* Tˆ„[˝ ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ =YÃ[˝
a+…SÔ ◊X\ˆ¤Ã[˝ Eı„Ã[˝ `Á‹ôˆ W˝›Ã[˝ \ˆÁ„[˝ =dEı◊¢ˆTˆ XÁ c˜„Ã^ ^◊V ]Á„Eı a[[˝ÔVÁ ÂQˆ„Eı
A◊G„Ã^ ªJÙ_, [˝ÁW˝Á A„_C ◊EıªK«˜ EıÃ[˝„Tˆ YÁÃ[˝„[˝ XÁ --- a]„Ã^ TˆÁÃ[˝ ÂLÁÃ[˝ Eı„]
^Á„[˝, XrÙ c˜„Ã^ ^Á„[˝, %ÁÃ[˝ UÁEı„[˝ XÁ*
*
Xª: ^FX W˝ÓÁX EıÃ[˝„Tˆ [˝◊a TˆFX %Á]ÁÃ[˝ YÁ ◊MıXÀ ◊MıXÀ Eı„Ã[˝ %ÁÃ[˝ ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝
AEı◊ªRÙO ◊Eı ªK˜ªRÙOZıªRÙO Eı„Ã[˝* Aa[˝ ◊Eı?
=: cÕc˜Á c˜‰¨K˜ `Ã[˝›„Ã[˝Ã[˝ (`Ã[˝›Ã[˝ÿöˆ Y“Á„SÃ[˝) ªJÙá˚_TˆÁ --- %„X„EıÃ[˝ c˜Ã^ ---
◊ÿöˆÃ[˝ c˜„Ã^ UÁEı„_ Y“ÁÃ^cÕ ÂEı‰ªRÙO ^ÁÃ^*
*
X: %Á◊] %‹ôˆ„Ã[˝ ^Á ÂV◊F ªTˆÁ [˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝ ]Á„Mı ]Á„Mı ÂFÁ_Á ÊªJÙÁ„F ÂEıX ÂV◊F?
TˆÁ ◊Eı EıÁî◊XEı ◊L◊Xb?
=: XÁ* ^Á ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ ÂVFÁ ^ÁÃ^, TˆÁc˜ÁcÕ [˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝ physical ÊªJÙÁ„FC ÂVFÁ Â^„Tˆ
YÁ„Ã[˝, Tˆ„[˝ ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ V ◊rÙ ac˜„L %Á„a --- [˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝ a…©ø V `Ó ÂVFÁ AEıªªR«ÙO Eı◊PˆX*
*
AFX physical consciousness F«[˝ =‰Pˆ◊ªK˜_* Âa LXÓ %W˝ÓÁ±¡ %X«\…ˆ◊Tˆ

YÅ¤ÁÃ[˝ ÂYªK˜„X a„Ã[˝ ◊G„Ã^‰ªK˜, ªJÙ„_ ^ÁÃ^◊X*
*
A„Eı[˝Á„Ã[˝ X›Ã[˝[˝ c˜CÃ^Á ªJÙ„_ XÁ, \ˆÁ_C XÃ^* Tˆ„[˝ Y“U] %[˝ÿöˆÁÃ^ ^TˆV…Ã[˝
aêˆ[˝ X›Ã[˝[˝ Gêˆ›Ã[˝ c˜CÃ^Á aÁW˝XÁÃ[˝ %X«E…ı_ %[˝ÿöˆÁ --- ^FX [˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝Ã[˝ Y“E ı◊Tˆ
]ÁT ˆ]Ã^ c˜„Ã^ ^Á„[˝, TˆFX EıUÁ [˝_Á c˜Á◊a cÕTˆÓÁ◊V„TˆC aTˆÓ ÊªJÙTˆXÁ UÁEı„[˝*
*
cg˜ÓÁ, CcÕ Ã[˝Eı] EgıÁV„_ V«[[˝Ô_TˆÁ %Á„a* a[˝ a]Ã^, a[˝ %[˝ÿöˆÁÃ^ W˝›Ã[˝ `Á‹ôˆ
c˜„Ã^ ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ =YÃ[˝ ◊X\ˆ¤Ã[˝ Eı„Ã[˝ ]Á„Eı QˆÁEı* TˆÁc˜„_ \ˆÁ_ %[˝ÿöˆÁ `›H– ◊Zı„Ã[˝
%Á„a*
""a''„Eı ◊_◊FTˆ
a: ]Á, %ÁL %Á◊] ÂTˆÁ]Á„VÃ[˝ ATˆ EıÁ‰ªK˜ %X«\ˆ[˝ EıÃ[˝◊ªK˜ --- Tˆ[˝«C ÂEıX
%Á]ÁÃ[˝ a]ÿôˆ aw¯ÁÃ^ ÂTˆÁ]Á„VÃ[˝ %\ˆÁ[˝ [˝ÁL‰ªK˜? %Á]ÁÃ[˝ AcÕ \ˆÁ[˝ UÁEı„[˝ ÂEı]X
Eı„Ã[˝ ]Á?
=: ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ =YÃ[˝ Y…SÔ `“à˘Á Ã[˝ÁFÁ --- [˝ÁW˝Á◊[˝Y◊w¯„Tˆ ◊[˝ªJÙ◊_Tˆ XÁ c˜„Ã^ ◊ÿöˆÃ[˝\ˆÁ„[˝
a∂ˆÇ«F c˜„Ã^ ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ `◊N˛Ã[˝ [˝„_ %◊Tˆy‘] EıÃ[˝Á --- A]X \ˆÁ[˝ Ã[˝ÁF„_ Tˆ„[˝cÕ
AcÕ %[˝ÿöˆÁ ÿöˆÁÃ^› c˜Ã^ Â`„b*
7.2.34
*
a: %Á]ÁÃ[˝ Y“W˝ÁX Y“ÁS\…ˆ◊]„Tˆ ÂV◊F AEı◊ªRÙO %à˘¤ªJÙ≥V– --- Â^X Ã[˝ÁßG–ÿôˆ* TˆÁÃ[˝YÃ[˝
ÂVF_Á] a]ÿôˆ ÿôˆÃ[˝ªRÙOÁ \ˆ„Ã[˝ ÂG_ protectionAÃ[˝ %Ám„X* %Á„G ◊ªK˜_ a[˝«L
%Á„_Á, AFX %ÁmX Lù„_ =PˆÁÃ[˝ a„Ü a„Ü %à˘¤ªJÙ≥V–◊ªRÙO ÂEı‰ªRÙO ◊G„Ã^ AEı◊ªRÙO Y“EıÁâ¯
a…^ÔÓ =◊VTˆ c˜_* a]ÿôˆ Y“ÁS\…ˆ◊]ªRÙOÁ a…„^ÔÓÃ[˝ %Ã[˝”S ◊EıÃ[˝„S MıEıMıEı EıÃ[˝◊ªK˜_*
=: Y“Á„S Â^ %ÁW˝ÓÁ◊≈±¡EıTˆÁ Y“EıÁ` c˜„Tˆ %ÁÃ[˝êˆ Eı„Ã[˝◊ªK˜_, ÂaªRÙO›cÕ %à˘¤ªJÙ≥V–*
Jª Ù≥V–Gc– ˜S c˜„^Ã ◊ªK˜_* a[˝L« [Ã ˝„I¯[Ã ˝ %UÔ FgÁ◊ªRÙO Y“ÁS`◊N˛* a…„^ÔÓ[Ã ˝ =VÃ^ = aTˆÓ‰ªJÙTˆXÁÃ[˝
Y“EıÁ` Y“ÁS\…ˆ◊]„Tˆ*
8.2.34
*
ªJÙ≥V– = %W˝ÓÁ„±¡Ã[˝ %Á„_ÁEı*

c˜ÿôˆ› = [˝„_Ã[˝ Y“Tˆ›Eı*
ÂaÁXÁÃ[˝ c˜ÿôˆ› = aTˆÓ‰ªJÙTˆXÁÃ[˝ [˝_*
9.2.34
*
aÁVÁ a◊¨JÙVÁX„≥VÃ[˝ %Á„_Á c˜„TˆC YÁ„Ã[˝ --- ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ c˜_„V Tˆ ]X[˝«◊à˘Ã[˝ %Á„_Á*
10.2.34
*
a: ]Á, H«„] LÁGÃ[˝„S %Á◊] _l˘Ó EıÃ[˝◊ªK˜ ""]''AÃ[˝ X›ªJÙ Y“ÁS`◊N˛m◊_ A„a
%Á]ÁÃ[˝ Y“ÁS`◊N˛Ã[˝ a„Ü \ˆÁ[˝ ◊[˝◊X]Ã^ Eı[Ã ˝„Tˆ Jª ÙÁ‰¨K˜* %Á]Á„Eı V«[[˝_Ô Eı„[Ã ˝ _l˘Ó}rÙ
Eı„Ã[˝ Âÿoˆc˜YÃ[˝[˝` Eı„Ã[˝ TˆÁÃ[˝ ◊V„Eı ÊªRÙO„X ◊X„Tˆ ªJÙÁ‰¨K˜*
=: ""]''Ã[˝ Y“Á„SÃ[˝ [˝ÁaXÁ AcÕ `◊N˛m„_ÁÃ[˝ Ã[˝÷Y W˝ÁÃ[˝S Eı„Ã[˝ ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ EıÁ‰ªK˜
%Áa‰ªK˜* Y“TˆÓÁFÓÁX EıÃ[˝ --- Â`„b %ÁÃ[˝ %Áa„[˝ XÁ*
12.2.34
*
a: ]Á, Ÿa◊QÕˆ„Tˆ [˝„a %Á◊] ÂVF_Á] T«ˆ◊] ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ %Áa„X [˝„aªK˜* AEı◊ªRÙO
EıÁ_›]…◊wÔ¯ ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ YÁ c˜„Tˆ =dY~ c˜„Ã^ aÁrÙÁ„Ü ÂTˆÁ]Á„Eı Y“SÁ] EıÃ[˝‰ªK˜*
AcÕa[˝ ◊Eı ÂV◊F --- AcÕa[˝ %◊\ˆp˚TˆÁÃ[˝ ÂEıÁX aTˆÓTˆÁ %Á‰ªK˜ ◊Eı XÁ!
=: AcÕ a[˝ %◊\ˆp˚TˆÁÃ[˝ ]…_Ó %Á‰ªK˜, aTˆÓ %Á‰ªK˜ --- TˆÁ„Tˆ aÁW˝XÁÃ[˝ =~◊Tˆ
c˜Ã^* Tˆ„[˝ Am„_Á ^„UrÙ XÃ^ --- ªJÙÁcÕ %X«\…ˆ◊Tˆ, \ˆÁG[˝Tˆ `Á◊‹ôˆ, a]TˆÁ, Y◊[˝yTˆÁ,
>„àùÔ˘Ã[˝ ËªJÙTˆXÓ, p˚ÁX `◊N˛ %ÁX„≥VÃ[˝ %[˝TˆÃ[˝S, Y“◊TˆúˆÁ --- AªRÙO›cÕ %Áa_*
14.2.34
*
a: ]Á, %Á◊] &rÙ Â[˝ÁW˝ EıÃ[˝◊ªK˜ Â^ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ Y“ÁS`◊N˛ C Y“ÁSY“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝

AEıªRÙOÁ ÊªJÙTˆXÁ %Á‰ªK˜* %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ªJÙÁ_ªJÙ_X, FÁCÃ^ÁVÁCÃ^Á, YÃ[˝`“›EıÁTˆÃ[˝TˆÁ ◊c˜eaÁ
Â_Á\ˆ Â]Ác˜ %_aTˆÁ Am◊_ a]ÿôˆcÕ Y“ÁSY“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝ AEı AEı◊ªRÙO %Á[˝Ã[˝S* %Á]Ã[˝Á
%‰ªJÙTˆX c˜„Ã^ %Á◊ªK˜ [˝„_ AcÕm◊_ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ Y“E ıTˆ %Á◊]„Eı ÊªRÙ„Eı ÂÃ[˝„F‰ªK˜* ^FX
>„àùÔ˘Ã[˝ p˚ÁXÁ„_Á„EıÃ[˝ Ã[˝◊`ΩYÁTˆ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ %ÁW˝Á„Ã[˝ c˜Ã^ TˆFX AcÕ %Á[˝Ã[˝S-m◊_
l«˘V– c˜„Ã^ ^ÁÃ^ C %Á]Ã[˝Á C„VÃ[˝ TˆÓÁG EıÃ[˝„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝* %ÁL %Á◊] %Á]ÁÃ[˝ %ÁW˝Á„Ã[˝Ã[˝
◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ a]ÿôˆ ÂF_Ám◊_ Â^]X &rÙ ÂVF„Tˆ YÁ◊¨K˜, ÂTˆ]◊X [˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝Ã[˝ LG„TˆÃ[˝
]„W˝ÓC ÂacÕ ÂF_Á◊ªRÙO ÂVF„Tˆ YÁ◊¨K˜ --- ÂFÁ_Á ÊªJÙÁ„FcÕ ÂVF◊ªK˜, ÂEıÁX ◊EıªK«˜cÕ %p˚ÁX
%µ˘EıÁ[Ã ˝Á¨K˜~ ÿöˆ_… XÃ^* ...a[˝◊EıKª ˜« [Ã ˝ ]„W˝ÓcÕ ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ ÿëˆ-[Ã ˝÷Y ÂaÏ≥V^ÔÓ ÂVF„Tˆ YÁ◊¨K˜*
=: cg˜ÓÁ, AªRÙO› aTˆÓ %X«\…ˆ◊Tˆ --- Â^ Y“ÁSY“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝ ÂF_Á ÂV„FªK˜ %Á[˝Ã[˝SÃ[˝÷„Y,
ÂacÕªRÙO› c˜‰¨K˜ ◊]UÓÁÃ[˝ %◊[˝VÓÁÃ[˝ Y“ÁSY“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝, Âa %Á[˝Ã[˝„SÃ[˝ ◊YªK˜„X Ã[˝„Ã^‰ªK˜ aTˆÓ
Y“ÁSY“E ı◊Tˆ Â^ \ˆÁG[˝Tˆ `◊N˛Ã[˝ ^‹óˆ c˜„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝*
17.2.34
*
a: ]Á, ATˆ %î◊V„X ÂacÕ `◊N˛ XÁ]Á„Tˆ YÁÃ[˝Á ^ÁÃ^ XÁ ◊_„FªK˜* T«ˆ◊] ÂacÕ
`◊N˛◊ªRÙO XÁ]Á„_ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ %„XEı ◊VEı ◊V„Ã^ a«◊[˝„W˝ c˜Tˆ, XÁ ]Á?
=: ...`◊N˛ XÁ]ÁX ◊ªJÙÃ[˝◊V„XÃ[˝ Eı∂ˆÇÔ, %î◊V„XÃ[˝ XÃ^*
24.2.34
*
[aÁ◊W˝EıÁÃ[˝ XÁXÁÃ[˝Eı] a…©ø V`ÔX C %ÁH–ÁS c˜‰¨K˜* a«≥VÃ[˝ Z«ı„_Ã[˝ G„µ˘ ]XY“ÁS
`›Tˆ_ c˜„Ã^ ^Á‰¨K˜* ◊[˝◊\ˆ~ Ã[˝e„Ã^Ã[˝ LGd C ÂV[˝„V[˝›Ã[˝ ÂVFÁ ◊]_‰ªK˜ W˝ÓÁ„XÃ[˝
a]„Ã^* aÁ◊W˝EıÁÃ[˝ ÂFV Â^ CcÕa[˝ Â^X AEıªRÙOÁ YÁTˆ_Á %Á[˝Ã[˝„SÃ[˝ ◊YªK˜„X ªRÙÁEıÁ,
TˆÁ„VÃ[˝ Y…SÔ Ã[˝cãÓ C %UÔ Â[˝ÁMıÁ ^ÁÃ^ XÁ*]
AcÕ aEı_ vision C %◊\ˆp˚TˆÁ a…©ø V ◊rÙ C a…©ø cÕ◊≥V–„Ã^Ã[˝ (Â^]X Gµ˘ªRÙO›)
--- B a…©ø ËªJÙTˆXÓ c˜cÕ„Tˆ ÿöˆ…_ ËªJÙTˆ„XÓÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó A„_ --- Cm„_Á UÁ„Eı XÁ, ]„XC
Y“ÁÃ^ a[˝ UÁ„Eı XÁ* %ÁÃ[˝ %XÓ LG„TˆÃ[˝ c˜Á[˝\ˆÁ[˝m„_Á £W˝« V ◊rÙÃ[˝ •ÁÃ[˝Á &rÙ ÂVFÁ
^ÁÃ^ XÁ* %Á[˝Ã[˝S Tˆ UÁ„EıcÕ --- ^ÁÃ[˝Á a]Á◊W˝ÿöˆ c˜„Ã^ ÂaFÁ„X Â^„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝, TˆÁÃ[˝ÁcÕ
ÂV„F, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ TˆÁ„VÃ[˝C a[˝ ]„X UÁ„Eı XÁ*
27.2.34
*
[FÁCÃ^Á Eı]Á„XÁ ◊X„bW˝ EıÃ[˝Á„Tˆ aÁ◊W˝EıÁ Â_„F --- FÁCÃ^Á Tˆ ◊X∂oˆY“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝

LXÓ ^Á ]ÁÃ^ÁÃ[˝ %◊[˝VÓÁÃ^ %Á¨K˜~* a«TˆÃ[˝Áe TˆÁ„Eı ATˆ Â[˝`› ÂF„Tˆ ÂV[˝ÁÃ[˝ ◊Eı
aÁUÔEıTˆÁ %Á‰ªK˜?]
%Ác˜ÁÃ[˝ Tˆ ÂVc˜W˝ÁÃ[˝„SÃ[˝ L„XÓ C ÂV„c˜Ã[˝ [˝_Y«◊rÙÃ[˝ L„XÓ* AÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó %◊[˝VÓÁÃ[˝
]ÁÃ^ÁÃ[˝ EıUÁ ªR«Ù„Eı A_ ÂEıÁ„x„Eı?
27.2.34
*
a: ]Á, Â^ a[˝ %◊\ˆp˚TˆÁm◊_ ◊_◊F, ^◊V Âam„_Á %aTˆÓ c˜Ã^ [˝Á ÂEıÁX
]…_ÓcÕ XÁ UÁ„Eı Tˆ[˝« £W˝« ÂTˆÁ]Á„Eı ◊_„F ÂEıX EırÙ ÂV[˝?
=: %◊\ˆp˚TˆÁ %aTˆÓ XÃ^, Am„_ÁÃ[˝ ÿöˆÁX %Á‰ªK˜ --- ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ AFX Y“„Ã^ÁLX
Â[˝`› %Áa_ %X«\…ˆ◊TˆÃ[˝ --- ^ÁÃ[˝ •ÁÃ[˝Á Y“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝ Ã[˝÷YÁ‹ôˆÃ[˝ c˜Ã^*
28.2.34
*
a: ]Á, %ÁL ªJÙÁ◊Ã[˝◊V„Eı %ÁEıÁ„` [˝ÁTˆÁ„a AEıªRÙO› G\ˆ›Ã[˝ [˝ÓUÁ ÂEıX ◊[˝Ã[˝ÁL
EıÃ[˝‰ªK˜? £W˝« ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ LXÓcÕ AcÕ [˝ÓUÁ* a]ÿôˆ aw¯Á a]ÿôˆ Y“E ı◊Tˆ G\ˆ›Ã[˝\ˆÁ„[˝
ÂTˆÁ]Á„Eı ÂY„Tˆ ªJÙÁ‰¨K˜, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ TˆÁ„VÃ[˝ %µ˘TˆÁ %p˚ÁXTˆÁ C ]◊_XTˆÁÃ[˝ VÃ[˝”X ÂTˆÁ]Á„Eı
ÂY„Tˆ YÁÃ[˝‰ªK˜ XÁ A[˝e \ˆ◊[˝bÓ„TˆÃ[˝ ◊V„Eı ÊªJÙ„Ã^ ÂEıÁX %Á`Á ÂVF„Tˆ YÁ‰¨K˜ XÁ*
TˆÁcÕ AcÕ V«◊[[˝Ôbc˜ L›[˝X W˝ÁÃ[˝S EıÃ[˝Á [˝ UÁ [˝„_ c˜Á-ßTˆÁ` EıÃ[˝‰ªK˜, EgıÁV‰ªK˜, Â^X
VÁ[˝ÁX„_ Lù„_ ^Á‰¨K˜*
=: AcÕ a[˝ c˜Ã^ Y“ÁSY“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝ ◊[˝_ÁY --- A„Tˆ aÁW˝XÁÃ[˝ aÁc˜Á^Ó c˜Ã^ XÁ,
[˝ÁW˝ÁcÕ a rÙ c˜Ã^* \ˆG[˝Á„X `Á‹ôˆ a]Á◊c˜Tˆ `“à˘Á, V ªRÕÙ ◊X∏JÙÃ^, a◊c˜b«’TˆÁ aÁW˝„EıÃ[˝
Y“W˝ÁX ac˜ÁÃ^, V«fF C ◊XÃ[˝Á`Á Â^ÁGY„U A◊G„Ã^ ÂVÃ^ XÁ*
1.3.34
*
%◊\ˆp˚TˆÁ [˝Á„L XÃ^ --- TˆÁ„VÃ[˝ ÿöˆÁX %Á‰ªK˜, ]Á„X %X«\…ˆ◊Tˆ prepare Eı„Ã[˝,
%ÁW˝ÁÃ[˝„Eı F«„_ ÂV[˝ÁÃ[˝ aÁc˜Á^Ó Eı„Ã[˝, %XÓ LG„TˆÃ[˝, XÁXÁ ÿôˆ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ p˚ÁX ÂVÃ^*
%Áa_ %X«\…ˆ◊Tˆ c˜Ã^ \ˆÁG[˝Tˆ `Á◊‹ôˆ, a]TˆÁ, %Á„_Á, p˚ÁX, Y◊[˝yTˆÁ, ◊[˝`Á_TˆÁ,
\ˆÁG[˝Tˆ aÁ◊~W˝Ó, %Á±¡ÁÃ[˝ =Y_◊ç˘, \ˆÁG[˝Tˆ %ÁX≥V, ◊[˝`üÎªJÙTˆ„XÓÃ[˝ =Y_◊ç˘

(^Á„Tˆ %c˜eEıÁÃ[˝ XrÙ c˜Ã^), ◊X∂ˆÇÔ_ [˝ÁaXÁ`…XÓ \ˆÁG[˝Tˆ ÊY“], a[[˝Ôy \ˆÁG[˝Tˆ
V`ÔX, cÕTˆÓÁ◊VÃ[˝ a]ÓEı %X«\…ˆ◊Tˆ, Y“◊TˆúˆÁ* AcÕ aEı_ %X«\…ˆ◊TˆÃ[˝ Y“U] ÂaÁYÁX
c˜‰¨K˜ =Y„Ã[˝Ã[˝ `Á◊‹ôˆÃ[˝ %[˝TˆÃ[˝S %ÁÃ[˝ a]ÿôˆ %ÁW˝Á„Ã[˝ C %ÁW˝Á„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ªJÙÁ◊Ã[˝◊V„Eı V ªRÕÙ
Y“◊TˆúˆÁ*
1.3.34
*
a: ]Á, %a«FªRÙOÁ %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÂEıX %Á]Á„Eı A]◊X Eı„Ã[˝ %Áy‘]S EıÃ[˝‰ªK˜* `Ã[˝›„Ã[˝Ã[˝
]„W˝Ó c˜PˆÁd A]X [˝ÓUÁ EıÃ[˝„Tˆ _ÁG_ Â^ c˜ÁQÕˆm„_Á Â^X ªJ«ÙÃ[˝]ÁÃ[˝ c˜„Ã^ Y‰QÕˆ
^Á‰¨K˜* cg˜Á≈ªRÙO„Tˆ [˝a„Tˆ EıFX Â^ ÂEıÁXFÁ„X [˝ÓUÁ◊ªRÙO %Áa„[˝ TˆÁÃ[˝ ◊PÊıÁXÁ ÂXcÕ*
Eı] ÂF„Ã^ UÁEı◊ªK˜ --- `Ã[˝›Ã[˝ YÁTˆ_Á UÁEı„_ %Áy‘]S Eı] c˜„[˝ A[˝e ac˜Ó EıÃ[˝„Tˆ
YÁÃ[˝[˝ AcÕ Â\ˆ„[˝ ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ TˆÁ„Tˆ ÂTˆ]X ◊EıªK«˜ TˆZıÁTˆ c˜Ã^ XÁ*
=: Aa[˝ [˝ÓUÁ ÿoˆÁÃ^«Ã[˝ %a«F* Eı] ÂF„_ Eı„] XÁ* ]„XÃ[˝ Y“Á„SÃ[˝ ÂV„c˜Ã[˝
`Á◊‹ôˆcÕ cÕc˜ÁÃ[˝ Ê`“úˆ Cb«W˝*
2.3.34
*
GÁ‰ªK˜Ã[˝ Y“ÁS %Á‰ªK˜, ËªJÙTˆXÓ %Á„ªK˜ --- GÁªK˜m◊_Ã[˝ a„Ü \ˆÁ„[˝Ã[˝ ◊[˝◊X]Ã^ ac˜„L
c˜Ã^*
3.3.34
*
a: ]Á, >„àùÔ˘Ã[˝ ÂU„Eı YÁTˆ_Á L„_Ã[˝ ]Tˆ ◊Eı XÁ„]?

=: >àùÔ˘ ËªJÙTˆ„XÓÃ[˝ ÊÿÉˆÁTˆ ^FX XÁ]„Tˆ %ÁÃ[˝êˆ Eı„Ã[˝, ÂacÕÃ[˝Eı] YÁTˆ_Á L„_Ã[˝
]Tˆ (current) Â[˝ÁW˝ c˜Ã^*
3.3.34
*
AcÕÃ[˝÷Y %X«\…ˆ◊Tˆ c˜Ã^ --- `Ã[˝›„Ã[˝ ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ Y“„[˝` --- ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ TˆÁÃ[˝ Zı_ÿëˆÃ[˝÷Y
Â^ ÊªJÙTˆXÁÃ[˝ Ã[˝÷YÁ‹ôˆÃ[˝ Âa V›HÔ aÁW˝XÁ aÁ„Yl˘ --- c˜PˆÁd c˜Ã^ XÁ*

6.3.34
*
`Ã[˝›„Ã[˝ ]Á Tˆ %Á‰ªK˜XcÕ --- G…ªRÕÙ ÊªJÙTˆXÁÃ^ --- ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ^Tˆ◊VX [˝Á◊c˜Ã[˝ ÊªJÙTˆXÁÃ^
%◊[˝VÓÁÃ[˝ ªK˜ÁY UÁ„Eı, %◊[˝VÓÁÃ[˝ Zı_m„_Á c˜PˆÁd AEı ]«c…˜„wÔ¯ V…Ã[˝›\…ˆTˆ c˜Ã^ XÁ*
6.3.34
*
[˝ÁaXÁ VÁ[˝› ÂFÃ^Á_ EıîXÁÃ[˝ ÂLÁÃ[˝ ^Tˆ ◊VX UÁ„Eı Y“Á„SÃ[˝ %Á◊W˝YTˆÓ Tˆ
UÁ„EıcÕ* AcÕ a[˝ c˜‰¨K˜ Y“Á„SÃ[˝ ÂFÁÃ[˝ÁEı, ÂFÁÃ[˝ÁEı ◊V„_ Âa Y“EıÁâ¯ C [˝_[˝ÁX
c˜„[˝ XÁ ÂEıX?
8.3.34
*
^Á ÂV„FªK˜ TˆÁ ◊PÊı* =Y„Ã[˝Ã[˝ `◊N˛ ÂX„] aTˆÓ ÊªJÙTˆXÁ %Á‰ÿôˆ %Á‰ÿôˆ aTˆÓ
ÊªJÙTˆXÁ ÿöˆÁYX Eı„Ã[˝* ]ÁX«„bÃ[˝ Y“E ı◊Tˆ ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ TˆÁ ªJÙÁÃ^ XÁ --- %XÓ ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ ◊X„Ã^ UÁ„Eı,
%[˝„c˜_Á Eı„Ã[˝, ◊[˝„Ã[˝ÁW˝C Eı„Ã[˝ --- TˆÁ XÁ c˜„_ `›H– c˜„Ã^ Â^Tˆ*
10.3.34
*
a: ]Á, AEı◊ªRÙO X…TˆX %[˝ÿöˆÁ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó Y◊Ã[˝_◊l˘Tˆ c˜‰¨K˜* ]ÁX«„bÃ[˝ a„Ü
EıUÁ [˝_◊ªK˜, ◊]`◊ªK˜ Âa £W˝« Y“„Ã^ÁLX[˝`Tˆf --- TˆÁ„Tˆ Y“Á„SÃ[˝ ÂEıÁX ªRÙOÁX ÂXcÕ,
]ÁX«„bÃ[˝ %Á„]ÁVY“„]Á„VC ◊Xÿôˆç˘TˆÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó Ã[˝„Ã^◊ªK˜* aÁÃ[˝Á◊VX AEı◊ªRÙO X›_ %Á„_ÁÃ[˝
]„W˝Ó Â^X T«ˆ◊]cÕ [˝Áa EıÃ[˝ªK˜, >„àùÔ˘Ã[˝ ÊªJÙTˆXÁ ÂX„] a]ÿôˆ aw¯Á„Eı EgıÁ‰ªJÙÃ[˝ ]Tˆ
ÿëˆ¨K˜ C ◊[˝„`b a‰ªJÙTˆX Eı„Ã[˝ ÂÃ[˝„F‰ªK˜*
=: cÕc˜Á ^◊V c˜Ã^, TˆÁc˜Á F«[˝ \ˆÁ_ --- a[[˝ÔVÁ %XÁaN˛ c˜„Ã^ Â_Á„EıÃ[˝ a„Ü
◊]`„Tˆ c˜Ã^*
10.3.34
*
a: %ÁL Y“SÁ„]Ã[˝ a]Ã^ >àùÔ˘LGd c˜„Tˆ AEı◊ªRÙO Y“GÁªRÕÙ `Á◊‹ôˆY“[˝Ác˜ ÂX„] A_

--- TˆFX %Á]ÁÃ[˝ a[˝ %a«F ÂEıÁUÁÃ^ ÂG_ %Á◊] ÊªRÙOÃ[˝C ÂY_Á] XÁ*
=: AcÕÃ[˝÷Y `Á◊‹ôˆÃ[˝ %[˝TˆÃ[˝„ScÕ a[˝ ÊªJÙ„Ã^ Y“„Ã^ÁLX›Ã^ %X«\…ˆ◊Tˆ ^Tˆ◊VX a]ÿôˆ
%ÁW˝ÁÃ[˝ `Á‹ôˆ a]Á◊c˜Tˆ XÁ c˜Ã^*
13.3.34
*
a: ]Á, %ÁL aEıÁ_ c˜„Tˆ Y“ªJÙâ¯ ÂYªRÙO[˝ÓUÁ c˜◊¨K˜_* Y“SÁ] c˜„_ AEı ]„X
ÂTˆÁ]Á„Eı QˆÁEı◊ªK˜_Á] C a]ÿôˆ ÊªJÙTˆXÁ C aw¯Á„Eı >„àùÔ˘Ã[˝ ◊V„Eı F«„_ ÂÃ[˝„F◊ªK˜_Á]*
A]X a]Ã^ ◊[˝Ã[˝ÁªRÙO ◊[˝`ü[˝ÓÁYEı AEı◊ªRÙO ÊªRÙ= ÂX„] A_ >„àùÔ˘Ã[˝ `Á◊‹ôˆÃ[˝* %Á]ÁÃ[˝
%X«\ˆ[˝ c˜_ Â^ AcÕ `◊‹ôˆY“[˝Ác˜ XÁ◊\ˆÃ[˝ X›‰ªJÙ XÁ]„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ ◊X* %Á◊] %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÂacÕ
%e`ªªR«ÙOE«ı >„àùÔ˘Ã[˝ `Á◊‹ôˆÃ[˝ Y“[˝Á„c˜Ã[˝ ◊V„Eı F«„_ W˝Ã[˝_Á]* ◊EıªK«˜l˘S %ac˜Ó ^‹óˆSÁ
c˜_ --- TˆÁÃ[˝YÃ[˝ ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ Âa Â[˝`›l˘S UÁEı„Tˆ YÁÃ[˝_ XÁ*
=: %a«F aÁÃ[˝Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ Ê`“úˆ =YÁÃ^ AcÕ, Tˆ„[˝ a[˝ a]Ã^ ÂV„c˜Ã[˝ ÊªJÙTˆXÁ F«_„Tˆ
ªJÙÁÃ^ XÁ %ÁÃ[˝ `›H– Y…[[˝Ô %\ˆÓÁ„aÃ[˝ [˝„` Y‰QÕˆ ^ÁÃ^*
15.3.34
*
a: ]Á, ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ ◊V[˝Ó ÊªJÙTˆXÁ C ◊V[˝Ó V ◊rÙ`◊N˛ ^FX %Á]ÁÃ[˝ %ÁW˝Á„Ã[˝ ÂX„]
%Á„a TˆFX %ÁW˝ÓÁ◊≈±¡Eı Y◊[˝yTˆÁÃ[˝ ÊÿÉˆÁ„Tˆ a]ÿôˆ %µ˘EıÁÃ[˝ G¿Á◊X ]◊_XTˆÁ [˝ÓÁ◊W˝
V…[Ã ˝›\…ˆTˆ c˜„^Ã ÿëˆ¨K˜ Y◊[˝y c˜„^Ã ^ÁÃ^* ◊Eı‹ˆ«ô %◊W˝Eıl˘S ÂEıX AcÕ %[˝ÿˆö Á UÁ„Eı XÁ?
=: %îl˘S c˜„_C ]ÿôˆ _Á\ˆ* Y“U] %îl˘ScÕ UÁ„Eı --- TˆÁÃ[˝ Y„Ã[˝ %Á‰ÿôˆ
%Á‰ÿôˆ Â[˝‰QÕˆ ^ÁÃ^*
20.3.34
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a: ]Á, %ÁL %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ]X EıÁÃ[˝”Ã[˝ ae&`Ô Y^ÔÓ‹ôˆ YªK˜≥V EıÃ[˝‰ªK˜ XÁ --- ]ÁX«b,
◊L◊Xb Â^ ÂEıÁX ◊EıªK«˜ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ EıÁ‰ªK˜ Â[˝ÁMıÁÿëˆÃ[˝÷Y ]„X c˜‰¨K˜* ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ [˝ÓTˆ›Tˆ
%XÓ ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ EıÃ[˝„Tˆ ÂEı]X HÁQÕˆ [˝ÓªUÁ EıÃ[˝‰ªK˜, ]ÁUÁ W˝Ã[˝‰ªK˜* ÂXc˜ÁTˆ Y“„Ã^ÁLX›Ã^
EıUÁ [˝_„TˆC %Á◊] ÂEı]X cg˜Á≈◊Y„Ã^ =Pˆ◊ªK˜ %ÁÃ[˝ V«[[˝Ô_ c˜„Ã^ YQÕˆ◊ªK˜*
=: ATˆV…Ã[˝ sensitive c˜CÃ^Á \ˆÁ_ XÃ^*

20.3.34
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[aÁ◊W˝EıÁÃ[˝ [˝N˛[˝Ó Â^ AFX %ÁÃ[˝ >„àùÔ˘Ã[˝ %◊\ˆp˚TˆÁ c˜‰¨K˜ XÁ, %ÁW˝Á„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ]„W˝ÓcÕ
XÁXÁ %X«\…ˆ◊Tˆ c˜‰¨K˜*]
a[˝ a]„Ã^ >„àùÔ˘cÕ >„àùÔ˘Ã[˝ %◊\ˆp˚TˆÁ ÂY„Ã^ %ÁW˝Á„Ã[˝ %◊\ˆp˚TˆÁ XÁ ÂY„_
%ÁW˝Á„Ã[˝Ã[˝ Ã[˝÷YÁ‹ôˆÃ[˝ c˜„[˝ ÂEı]X Eı„Ã[˝?
22.3.34
*
a: ]Á, W˝ÓÁ„X ÂVF_Á] %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ]ÁUÁÃ[˝ =Y„Ã[˝ a[˝ a]Ã^ AEıªRÙOÁ =#ù_ aÁVÁ
ÂLÓÁ◊Tˆ %Á‰ªK˜* ÿöˆ…_ ]X ^FX ÿöˆ…„_Ã[˝ ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ Eı„Ã[˝, %ÁW˝Á„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ÿöˆ…_ %e„`Ã[˝ •ÁÃ[˝
[˝µ˘ UÁ„Eı --- TˆÁcÕ >„àùÔ˘Ã[˝ ÂLÓÁ◊Tˆ C `Á◊‹ôˆ XÁ]„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ XÁ* ^FXcÕ %Á◊]
>„àùÔ˘Ã[˝ ◊V„Eı TˆÁEıÁcÕ TˆFXcÕ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ LQÕˆ aw¯ÁÃ[˝ ÿöˆ…_ %e„` Y^ÔÓ‹ôˆ >„àùÔ˘Ã[˝ `Á◊‹ôˆ
`◊N˛ Y◊[˝yTˆÁ ÂX„] a]ÿôˆ %Á[˝#¤XÁ ÂEı‰ªRÙO ÂVÃ^*
=: cÕc˜Á TˆÁ Y“ÁÃ^cÕ c˜Ã^* ^FX a]ÿôˆ %ÁW˝ÁÃ[˝ F«„_ ^ÁÃ^ TˆFX %ÁÃ[˝ AcÕÃ[˝Eı]
c˜^Ã XÁ --- ÿöˆ_… ]X ÿöˆ„… _Ã[˝ ◊ªJÙ‹ˆô Á Eı‰{ÔC ÂacÕ a]Ã^ >„àù˘Ô [Ã ˝ ÂLÓÁ◊Tˆ C `Á◊‹ôˆ
UÁ„Eı*
22.3.34
*
a: %Á◊] %ÁL [˝«Mı◊ªK˜ Â^ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ AEı◊ªRÙO ÂLÓÁ◊Tˆ∂ˆÇÔÃ^ aw¯Á %Á‰ªK˜* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ÂEıÁX
`◊N˛ TˆÁ„Eı ÊªRÙ„Eı ÂÃ[˝„F‰ªK˜* %ÁL ÂVF_Á] ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ ◊YÃ^Á„XÁ [˝ÁLXÁÃ[˝ a]ÿôˆ
a«Ã[˝m◊_ Â^X p˚ÁX„LÓÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ AEı AEı◊ªRÙO ◊`FÁ* AcÕ ◊`FÁm◊_ LQÕˆÿôˆ„Ã[˝ ÂX„]
A„a ÂacÕ %p˚ÁX TˆÁ]aY…SÔ %Á[˝#¤XÁ ÂEı‰ªRÙO ◊V‰¨K˜*
=: ÂLÓÁ◊Tˆ∂ˆÇÔÃ^ %Á±¡Á aEı„_Ã[˝cÕ %Á‰ªK˜ --- aEı„_Ã[˝cÕ %p˚Á„XÃ[˝ [˝µ˘XC
%Á‰ªK˜* a„TˆÓÃ[˝ `◊N˛ Âa [˝µ˘Xm„_Á F«„_ ÂVÃ^* ]Á [˝ÁLÁ[˝ÁÃ[˝ a]Ã^ aTˆÓ„Eı, Âa
a„TˆÓÃ[˝ `◊N˛„Eı XÁ◊]„Ã^ %Á„X*
22.3.34
*
a[˝«L Tˆ emotionAÃ[˝ %Á„_ÁÃ[˝ Ã[˝e*

22.3.34
*
a: ]Á, aÁVÁ ZıÓÁEıÁ„a X›_ [˝„SÔÃ[˝ AEı◊ªRÙO `◊N˛Y“[˝Ác˜ XÁ]‰ªK˜* ÊªJÙTˆXÁÃ[˝ ÿëˆ¨K˜
L„_Ã[˝ ]Tˆ AEı◊ªRÙO ÊÿÉˆÁTˆ ÂX„] %Á]ÁÃ[˝ [˝y‘ `Ã[˝›Ã[˝ªRÙOÁ„Eı ÂaÁLÁ Eı„Ã[˝ ◊V‰¨K˜, V«[[˝Ô_
ÿoˆÁÃ^«„Eı a„TˆL a[˝_ X›„Ã[˝ÁG ◊Xÿôˆ ç˘ Eı„Ã[˝ ◊V‰¨K˜*
=: Âa Tˆ >àùÔ˘ ËªJÙTˆ„XÓÃ[˝ Y“[˝Ác˜ ^Á„Tˆ Â`„b a[˝ Ã[˝÷YÁ‹ôˆ◊Ã[˝Tˆ c˜„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝*
24.3.34
*
V«cÕ ◊[˝YÃ[˝›Tˆ Y“\ˆÁ„[˝Ã[˝ •≥• --- aTˆÓ `◊N˛Ã[˝ Y“\ˆÁ[˝ ^FX ÂVc˜„Eı &`Ô Eı„Ã[˝
TˆFX a[˝ a«ÿöˆ c˜„Ã^ ^ÁÃ^ --- %◊[˝VÓÁÃ[˝ Y“\ˆÁ„[˝ ÂÃ[˝ÁG [˝ÓUÁ ÿoˆÁÃ^◊[˝Eı ◊[˝EıÁÃ[˝ ◊Zı„Ã[˝
%Á„a*
24.3.34
*
Aa[˝ EıUÁ F«[˝ &rÙ, [˝«Mı„Tˆ YÁÃ[˝ XÁ ÂEıX? %Á±¡Á %X`üÃ[˝ %X‹ôˆ, V«fF
[˝ÓUÁ a[˝ %◊[˝VÓÁÃ[˝ Zı_, %Á±¡ÁÃ[˝ A]X◊Eı %ÁW˝Á„Ã[˝Ã[˝ Y“E ıTˆ W˝∂ˆÇÔ XÃ^* >àùÔ˘ ËªJÙTˆXÓ
^Á„Eı [˝◊_, Âa %Á±¡ÁÃ[˝cÕ W˝∂ˆÇÔ --- Âa =¨JÙ W˝∂ˆÇÔ `Ã[˝›„Ã[˝C XÁ]Á„Tˆ c˜Ã^, XÁ]Á„Tˆ
YÁÃ[˝„_ ÂÃ[˝ÁG V«fF [˝ÓUÁ EırÙ %ÁÃ[˝ UÁ◊Eı„[˝ XÁ*
26.3.34
*
ÂEıÁX ◊XÃ^] YÁ_X Eı„Ã[˝ c˜Ã^ XÁ* ◊ÿöˆÃ[˝ `Á‹ôˆ V ªRÕÙa·¯î c˜„Ã^ Y“TˆÓÁFÓÁX EıÃ[˝„_
%„î %„î %◊[˝VÓÁÃ[˝ Y“\ˆÁ[˝ ªJÙ„_ ^ÁÃ^* =Tˆ_Á c˜„_ (◊[˝[˝–Tˆ c˜„Ã^ %µ˘ c˜„Ã^ c˜TˆÁ`
c˜„Ã^) %◊[˝VÓÁ`◊N˛ %ÁÃ[˝C ÂLÁÃ[˝ ÂY„Ã^ %Áy‘]S EıÃ[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ aÁcã YÁÃ^*
27.3.34
*
a: ]Á, W˝ÓÁX EıÃ[˝„_ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ a]ÿôˆ ÊªJÙTˆXÁ >„àùÔ˘ =‰Pˆ ^ÁÃ^* %Á◊] A[˝e
%Á]ÁÃ[˝ [˝„_ TˆFX ◊EıªK«˜ UÁ„Eı XÁ* ÂEı[˝_ l«˘V– AEı◊ªRÙO ÊªJÙTˆXÁ %ÁW˝Á„Ã[˝ [˝„a [˝„a
HÃ[˝Eı~ÁÃ[˝, [˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ EıÃ[˝„Tˆ UÁ„Eı* >àùÔ˘ ÊªJÙTˆXÁ„Eı XÁ◊]„Ã^ A„X AcÕ l«˘V–
ÊªJÙTˆXÁ◊ªRÙO„Eı, ^Á AFXC ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ EıÁªK˜ c˜„Tˆ Y UEı Ã[˝„Ã^ ÂG‰ªK˜, Y◊Ã[˝[˝wÔ¯X EıÃ[˝„Tˆ
XÁ ÂY„Ã[˝ V«fF YÁcÕ*
=: AcÕ Ã[˝Eı] ◊•W˝Á c˜CÃ^Á aÁW˝XÁÃ^ c˜Ã^, TˆÁÃ[˝ Y“„Ã^ÁLX %Á‰ªK˜ --- TˆÁÃ[˝YÃ[˝
◊X‰∂oˆÃ[˝ ÊªJÙTˆXÁÃ^ =Y„Ã[˝Ã[˝ \ˆÁ[˝ XÁ]ÁX Â[˝`› ac˜L c˜„Ã^ ^ÁÃ^*
29.3.34
*
aÁW˝XÁ EıÃ[˝„Tˆ EıÃ[˝„Tˆ A]X %[˝ÿöˆÁ c˜Ã^ Â^ Â^X ÿëˆTˆ‹óˆ V«ªRÙO› aw¯Á %Á‰ªK˜, AEı
◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ◊L◊Xb ◊X„Ã^ UÁ„Eı, `Á‹ôˆ ◊[˝£à˘ \ˆÁG[˝Tˆ a„TˆÓÃ[˝ V ◊rÙ C %X«\…ˆ◊TˆÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó
UÁ„Eı %U[˝Á TˆÁÃ[˝ a„Ü ae^«N˛, %ÁÃ[˝ AEıªRÙO› [˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝Ã[˝ Fg«◊ªRÙOXÁ◊ªRÙO ◊X„Ã^ [˝Óÿôˆ* TˆÁÃ[˝
Y„Ã[˝ V«ªRÙO›Ã[˝ AEıªRÙOÁ \ˆÁG[˝Tˆ BEıÓ ÿöˆÁYX EıÃ[˝Á c˜Ã^ --- >àùÔ˘LGd C [˝◊c˜#¤Gd
AEı c˜„Ã^ ^ÁÃ^*
31.3.34
*
a: ]Á, %Á◊] a]ÿôˆ LG„TˆÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ ]c˜ÁX %ÁX≥VY…SÔ ÊY“]Eı‰{Á◊_Tˆ

AEı◊ªRÙO W[˝◊X £X„Tˆ YÁ◊¨K˜ %ÁÃ[˝ ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ %] Tˆ]Ã^ p˚Á„XÁ#ù_ c˜ÁaÓ]Ã^ %ÁX≥V-
a]›Ã[˝S LG„TˆÃ[˝ a]ÿôˆ ÈVXÓ, [˝ÓUÁ %YaÁ◊Ã[˝Tˆ EıÃ[˝‰ªK˜ A[˝e ◊YYÁ◊aTˆ £õı LGd
%ÁL a„TˆL c˜„Ã^ =Pˆ‰ªK˜* --- %ÁL W˝ÓÁX Eı◊Ã[˝◊X, FÁ◊_ AcÕa[˝ EıTˆm„_Á ◊Eı
ÂVF‰ªTˆ YÁ◊¨K˜*
=: ÂacÕ Ã[˝Eı] %X«\…ˆ◊Tˆ Y“ÁSÿôˆ„Ã[˝ H‰ªRÙO --- ]≥V XÃ^, Tˆ„[˝ AEı]Áy TˆÁcÕ ◊X„Ã^
UÁEıÁ ^ÁÃ^ XÁ*
31.3.34
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AcÕ a[˝ Y“Á„SÃ[˝ [˝ UÁ ◊[˝_ÁY„Eı =Pˆ„Tˆ ◊V„_ ÂEı]X Eı„Ã[˝ %X«\…ˆ◊Tˆ %Áa„[˝,
A„_C ◊Eı Eı„Ã[˝ ◊ªRÙOEı„[˝ [˝Á aZı_ c˜„[˝ --- AcÕ Y“Á„SÃ[˝ EıÁ~Á £W˝« %‹ôˆÃ[˝ÁÃ^ c˜„Ã^
^ÁÃ^* AcÕ Â^ F«[˝ \ˆÁ_ %◊\ˆp˚TˆÁ A_, %ÁX◊≥VTˆ XÁ c˜„Ã^ ◊[˝_ÁY C EıÁ~Á ÂEıX?
5.4.34
*
AcÕ a[˝ ◊[˝_ÁY C c˜ÁßTˆÁ„`Ã[˝ EıUÁ Â^ÁGY‹öˆÁÃ^ %G–aÃ[˝ c˜[˝ÁÃ[˝ [˝ÁW˝Á %ÁÃ[˝
◊EıªK«˜ XÃ^ --- £W˝« Y“Á„SÃ[˝ AEıÃ[˝Eı] TˆÁ]◊aEı ÂF_Á* AcÕ a[˝ ÊªK˜‰QÕˆ ◊V„Ã^ `Á‹ôˆ\ˆÁ„[˝
aÁW˝XÁ Eı‰{Ô `›H– =~◊Tˆ c˜Ã^*
5.4.34
*
]ÁX«b ◊Eı Eı„Ã[˝ XÁ Eı„Ã[˝ Âa EıUÁ ÿëˆTˆ‹óˆ --- aÁW˝„EıÃ[˝ ◊Eı EıÃ[˝Á =◊ªJÙTˆ, ◊Eı
Eı„Ã[˝ aÁW˝XÁÃ[˝ =~◊Tˆ c˜Ã^, cÕc˜ÁcÕ c˜‰¨K˜ %Áa_ EıUÁ*
6.4.34
*
a: \ˆÁ[˝Á„[˝„GÃ[˝ ÿôˆÃ[˝ aÁ]„XÃ[˝ ◊V„Eı, ËªJÙTˆÓY«Ã[˝”„bÃ[˝ ÿôˆÃ[˝ ◊YªK˜„XÃ[˝ ◊V„Eı ---

TˆÁÃ[˝ ]ÁMıFÁ„X AEıªRÙOÁ YÁ◊ªRÙO¤`X ÂVCÃ^Á %Á‰ªK˜* %Á◊] ÂV„F◊ªK˜_Á] E«ıâ¯◊_X› ËªJÙ„TˆÓÃ[˝
ÿôˆÃ[˝ c˜„Tˆ [˝ÁÃ[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ \ˆÁ[˝Á„[˝„GÃ[˝ ÿôˆ„Ã[˝ ^ÁTˆÁÃ^ÁTˆ Eı„Ã[˝ %ÁÃ[˝ >„à˘¤Ã[˝ a„TˆÓÃ[˝ Y“\ˆÁ[˝
XÁ◊]„Ã^ %Á„X* A V«◊ªRÙO ÿôˆ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ]ÁMıFÁ„XÃ[˝ YÁ◊ªRÙO¤`XªRÙOÁ„Eı E«ıâ¯◊_X› T«ˆ„_ ◊V„Tˆ
ªJÙÁ‰¨K˜*
=: Emotional being C psychicAÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó Â^ %Á[˝Ã[˝S %Á‰ªK˜ ÂacÕªRÙO›
=◊Pˆ„Ã^ ÂV[˝ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ AcÕ %Á„Ã^ÁLX --- TˆÁ c˜„_ vital emotionsAÃ[˝ [˝V„_
psychic emotions c˜÷V„Ã^ ◊[˝Ã[˝ÁL EıÃ[˝„[˝*
6.4.34
*
a: %Á◊] ÿëˆ‰Y¬ ÂVF_Á] ""]'' ]„Ã[˝ ÂG‰ªK˜*

=: Y“ÁSÿôˆ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ÿëˆ‰Y¬Ã[˝ C [˝Áÿôˆ[˝ ÿöˆ…_ HªRÙOXÁÃ[˝ a„Ü ÂEıÁX a+EÔı XÁcÕ* BÃ[˝÷Y
ÿëˆY¬ EıTˆ[˝ÁÃ[˝ %Á„a, TˆÁÃ[˝ ]…_Ó XÁcÕ*
6.4.34
*
a: %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ]ÁUÁÃ[˝ =Y„Ã[˝ AEı◊ªRÙO Y≤ø ÂVF_Á] --- Y≤ø◊ªRÙOÃ[˝ =Y„Ã[˝Ã[˝ side
a…^ÔÓÃ[˝◊`ΩÃ[˝ XÓÁÃ^ %ÁÃ[˝ X›‰ªJÙÃ[˝ side aÁVÁ‰ªRÙO X›_*
=: ªJÙ„y‘Ã[˝ =Y„Ã[˝Ã[˝ side YÁÃ^ Overmind C IntuitionAÃ[˝ %Á„_Á, ÂaÁXÁÃ[˝
%Á„_Á [˝Á a…^ÔÓÃ[˝◊`Ω --- X›‰ªJÙÃ[˝ side Higher Mind C Spiritual MindAÃ[˝
a„Ü ae◊`¿rÙ ^Á„VÃ[˝ %Á„_Á X›_ C aÁVÁ*
7.4.34
*
Psychic being \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ %e`, a„TˆÓÃ[˝ ◊V„Eı \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ ◊V„Eı TˆÁÃ[˝ ªRÙOÁX,
%ÁÃ[˝ Âa ªRÙOÁX [˝ÁaXÁ `…XÓ, VÁ[˝› XÁcÕ, X›ªJÙ EıÁ]XÁ XÁcÕ* Psychic emotion
Y◊[˝y ◊X∂ˆÇÔ_ --- emotional vitalAÃ[˝ %e`, [˝ÁaXÁ, %c˜eEıÁÃ[˝, VÁ[˝›, %◊\ˆ]ÁX
cÕTˆÓÁ◊V ^„UrÙ %Á‰ªK˜, \ˆG[˝ÁX„EıC ªJÙÁÃ^ ◊X„LÃ[˝ %c˜eEıÁÃ[˝ [˝ÁaXÁ ªJÙ◊Ã[˝TˆÁUÔ EıÃ[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝
L„XÓ --- Tˆ„[˝ psychicAÃ[˝ &„`Ô £à˘ Y◊[˝y c˜„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝*
7.4.34
*
=Y„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ÊªJÙTˆXÁ XÁXÁ Ã[˝÷„Y XÁ„] --- [˝ÁÃ^«Ã[˝ ]Tˆ, [˝ ◊rÙÃ[˝ ]Tˆ, ÊªRÙ=Ã[˝ ]Tˆ,
ÊÿÉˆÁTˆ [˝Á a]«‰V–Ã[˝ ]Tˆ --- Â^]X `◊N˛Ã[˝ VÃ[˝EıÁÃ[˝ [˝Á a«◊[˝„W˝*
7.4.34
*
%Á◊] [˝„_◊ªK˜ A a[˝ EıÁ~ÁEıÁ◊ªRÙO aÁW˝ÁÃ[˝S ]ÁX«„bÃ[˝ c˜„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝, --- aÁW˝„EıÃ[˝
Â^ÁGÓ XÃ^, aÁW˝XÁÃ^ %‹ôˆÃ[˝ÁÃ^ c˜„Ã^ ^ÁÃ^*
7.4.34
*
a: %Á◊] Y“Á„SÃ[˝ AEıªRÙOÁ G◊Tˆ„[˝G ÂVF◊ªK˜, =c˜ÁcÕ c˜‰¨K˜ \ˆÁ[˝Á„[˝G --- Âa a[˝
a]Ã^ EıTÊım◊_ Y“Á◊SEı \ˆÁ[˝Y“[˝STˆÁ, %c˜·¯ÁÃ[˝Á±¡Eı ÂF_Á cÕTˆÓÁ◊V ÊªRÙO„X %Á„X*
Âa TˆÁÃ[˝ ÿëˆ›Ã^ %c˜eEıÁ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ]„W˝Ó ÂTˆÁ]Á„Eı Q«ˆ◊[˝„Ã^ Ã[˝ÁF„Tˆ ªJÙÁÃ^ %ÁÃ[˝ X›ªJÙ [˝ÁaXÁÃ[˝
VÁ[˝› ◊X„Ã^ ÂTˆÁ]Á„Eı ªJÙÁÃ^ C ªRÙOÁ„X*
=: TˆÁcÕ ^◊V Â[˝ÁMı, Âa %c˜·¯ÁÃ[˝Á±¡Eı \ˆÁ[˝Á„[˝G„Eı TˆÓÁG EıÃ[˝* ^Á £à˘, ^Á

psychic, ÂacÕ emotion ]Áy aÁW˝XÁÃ[˝ aÁc˜Á^Ó Eı„Ã[˝*
10.4.34
*
a: ...TˆÁ„VÃ[˝ [Y“Á„SÃ[˝ ªJÙÁá˚_Ó, %c˜eEıÁ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ G◊Tˆ C L[˝Ã[˝V◊ÿôˆ] TˆÓÁG EıÃ[˝ÁÃ[˝

l˘]TˆÁ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ÂXcÕ* AEı◊V„Eı [˝Á◊c˜Ã[˝ Eı„Ã[˝ ◊V„_ XÁXÁ %◊ªK˜_ÁÃ^ [˝Á Ã[˝÷Y W˝„Ã[˝
%XÓ◊V„Eı %Á]ÁÃ[˝ Â\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ ÊªRÙÁ„Eı* Âa Â^ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ Y“\«ˆ±ºˆ Eı„Ã[˝ Â[˝QÕˆÁ‰¨K˜*
=: TˆÁ]◊aEı ÂVc˜ÎªJÙTˆXÓ, Ã[˝ÁL◊aEı Y“Á„SÃ[˝ %L«c˜ÁTˆ* TˆÁÃ[˝Á a∂ˆÇ◊Tˆ ÂVÃ^ [˝„_
AcÕ Y“\«ˆ±ºˆ --- X‰ªJÙd TˆÁÃ[˝Á aÁÃ^ XÁ ◊V„_ Âa Y“\«ˆ±ºˆ UÁEı„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝?
12.4.34
*
]„Ã[˝ ^ÁCÃ^ÁÃ^ ÂEıÁXC ]›]ÁeaÁ c˜Ã^ XÁ* AcÕ L„XΩ Âa a[˝ [˝ÁW˝Á„Eı XrÙ XÁ
Eı‰{Ô, T«ˆ◊] ◊Eı ]„X EıÃ[˝ %ÁÃ[˝ L„XΩ Âam„_Á ÂTˆÁ]Á„Eı ÊªK˜‰QÕˆ ÂV„[˝? AcÕ L„XΩcÕ
Y◊Ã[˝õıÁÃ[˝ EıÃ[˝„Tˆ c˜Ã^*
12.4.34
*
[aÁ◊W˝EıÁÃ[˝ ]„X c˜„Ã^‰ªK˜ `“›]Á TˆÁ„Eı \ˆÁ_[˝Á„aX XÁ* %◊ÿöˆÃ[˝ c˜„Ã^ Âa %Á`“]
ÊªK˜‰QÕˆ, ]Á„Eı ÊªK˜‰QÕˆ ªJÙ„_ Â^„Tˆ ªJÙÁÃ^, %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ UÁEı„TˆC ªJÙÁÃ^* Âa ◊V„`c˜ÁÃ[˝Á*]
AcÕ a[˝ £W˝« %`Á‹ôˆ [˝ÁaXÁY…SÔ Y“Á„SÃ[˝ ◊[˝‰V–Ác˜ --- TˆÁc˜Á„Eı aÁÃ^ VÁC ÂEıX?
T«ˆ◊] vital„Eı ªJÙ◊Ã[˝TˆÁUÔ EıÃ[˝„Tˆ AFÁ„X %Áa ◊X* V ªRÕÙ\ˆÁ„[˝ vital„Eı ae^Tˆ Eı„Ã[˝
Â^ÁGaÁW˝XÁ„EıcÕ L›[˝„XÃ[˝ AEı =„Å`Ó Eı„Ã[˝ VÁC --- TˆÁ c˜„_ AcÕ a[˝ %[˝ÿöˆÁ
%Áa„[˝ XÁ*
13.4.34
*
◊X„L„Eı ae^Tˆ Eı„Ã[˝ ÂÃ[˝„F Â_Á„EıÃ[˝ a„Ü ◊]`„_ ÊªJÙTˆXÁ ÂX„] Y‰QÕˆ XÁ*
13.4.34
*
=Y„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ËªJÙTˆ„XÓÃ[˝ &`Ô --- ÂacÕ =Y„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ËªJÙTˆ„XÓÃ[˝ \ˆÁ[˝, `Á◊‹ôˆ, p˚ÁX,
G\ˆ›Ã[˝TˆÁÃ[˝ %[˝TˆÃ[˝ScÕ Â^ÁG◊a◊à˘Ã[˝ =YÁÃ^* Y“ÁS„Eı ae^Tˆ Eı„Ã[˝ ÂacÕ `◊N˛„EıcÕ
]XY“ÁS„Vc˜„Eı %◊W˝EıÁÃ[˝ EıÃ[˝„Tˆ ◊V„Tˆ c˜„[˝*
14.4.34
*
a: E«ıâ¯◊_X› ÂL„G =‰Pˆ >„àùÔ˘Ã[˝ ◊V„Eı =‰Pˆ ^Á‰¨K˜ --- ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ]Á E«ıâ¯◊_X›Ã[˝
Â_L◊ªRÙO AEı◊ªRÙO a[˝«L Ã[˝„I¯Ã[˝ ]Ã^…„Ã[˝ Y◊Ã[˝STˆ c˜„Ã^‰ªK˜*
=: a[˝«L Ã[˝I¯ emotional powerAÃ[˝ _l˘S* ]Ã^…Ã[˝ ◊[˝L„Ã^Ã[˝ ◊ªJÙc˜‘*
14.4.34
*
[aÁ◊W˝EıÁ `“›%Ã[˝◊[˝„≥VÃ[˝ H„Ã[˝ EıÁL ªJÙÁÃ^* %Á„G AEı[˝ÁÃ[˝ EıÁL ÊªJÙ„Ã^ YÁÃ^ ◊X*
AFX `“›%Ã[˝◊[˝„≥VÃ[˝ H„Ã[˝ EıÁL EıÃ[˝Tˆ A]X AEıLX ªJÙ„_ ^ÁCÃ^Á„Tˆ, %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ Âa
TˆÁÃ[˝ Y«Ã[˝„XÁ cÕ¨K˜Á [˝ÓN˛ Eı„Ã[˝‰ªK˜*]
%Á]ÁÃ[˝ EıUÁ \«ˆ_ [˝«„MıªK˜? %Á◊] [˝„_◊ªK˜_Á] ^ÁÃ[˝Á %Á‰ªK˜ TˆÁ„VÃ[˝ a◊Ã[˝„Ã^ ◊V[˝
ÂEıX X…TˆX Â_Á„EıÃ[˝ LXÓ? TˆÁÃ[˝YÃ[˝ ^◊V AEıLX ªJÙ„_ ^ÁÃ^ T«ˆ◊] TˆÁÃ[˝ EıÁL YÁ„[˝
ÂEıX --- %„XEı %Á‰ªK˜ aÁW˝Eı aÁ◊W˝EıÁÃ[˝Á ^ÁÃ[˝Á Âa EıÁL ÊªJÙ„Ã^◊ªK˜_, ]Á ÂVX XÁcÕ,
ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ %„XEı %Á„G ÊªJÙ„Ã^◊ªK˜_, A]X◊Eı V` [˝ªK˜Ã[˝ %Á„G* TˆÁ„VÃ[˝ aEı_„Eı
(E«ı◊QÕˆL„XÃ[˝ Eı] XÃ^) ªK˜Á◊QÕˆ„Ã^ T«ˆ◊] YÁ„[˝ ÂEıX? AªRÙO› Â^ ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ %c˜eEıÁ„Ã[˝Ã[˝
VÁ[˝›, cÕc˜Á ◊Eı &rÙ XÃ^? Y“Á„SÃ[˝ VÁ[˝›„Eı Â`ÁX XÁ* `Á‹ôˆ %c˜eEıÁÃ[˝`…XÓ c˜„Ã^
◊X„L„Eı ÈTˆÃ^Á◊Ã[˝ EıÃ[˝, Â^ÁGY„U =~◊Tˆ„Eı AEı]Áy =„Å`Ó Eı„Ã[˝ ªJÙ_, cÕc˜ÁcÕ
c˜‰¨K˜ Âa =~◊TˆÃ[˝ Ê`“úˆ =YÁÃ^*
14.4.34
*
>„àù˘Ô [Ã ˝ %X«\ˆ… ◊Tˆ Jª ÙÁc˜,O ◊X∂oˆ Y“Eı ◊Tˆ[Ã ˝ [Ã ˝÷YÁ‹ôˆ[Ã ˝C Jª ÙÁc˜*O c˜bÔ ◊[˝bÁV c˜TˆÁ`Á ◊XÃ[˝ÁX≥V
aÁW˝ÁÃ[˝S Y“Á„SÃ[˝ ÂF_Á, =~◊TˆÃ[˝ %‹ôˆÃ[˝ÁÃ^ --- A a[˝ %◊Tˆy‘] Eı„Ã[˝ >„àùÔ˘Ã[˝ ◊[˝`Á_
BEıÓ C a]TˆÁ Y“Á„S C a[[˝Ôy XÁ]Á„Tˆ c˜Ã^*
17.4.34
*
a: ]Á, AFXC ]Á„Mı ]Á„Mı %Á]ÁÃ[˝ YQÕˆÁ ÊªK˜‰QÕˆ ◊V„Tˆ cÕ‰¨K˜ c˜Ã^* ]„X c˜Ã^
%Á◊] \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ L„XÓcÕ AFÁ„X A„a◊ªK˜ --- A„Tˆ Â_FÁYQÕˆÁ ÂEıX? %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ ]„X
c˜Ã^ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ]„XÃ[˝ \ˆÁ[˝ªRÙOÁ ÂaÁLÁa«◊L ÂTˆÁ]Á„VÃ[˝ LÁX[˝ÁÃ[˝ =Y^«N˛ c˜CÃ^ÁÃ[˝C Tˆ
VÃ[˝EıÁÃ[˝ %Á‰ªK˜*
=: cÕc˜Á ]„XÃ[˝ C Y“Á„SÃ[˝ ªJÙá˚_TˆÁ --- ^Á %ÁÃ[˝êˆ Eı„Ã[˝K˜ ◊ÿöˆÃ[˝\ˆÁ„[˝ ªJÙÁ_Á„Tˆ
c˜Ã^ ^Tˆ◊VX =„Å`Ó ◊aà˘ XÁ c˜Ã^*
17.4.34
*
a: Â`bÃ[˝Á‰y ÂVF_Á], %Á◊] AEıªRÙOÁ YÁTˆ_Á aÁVÁ‰ªRÙO X›_ %Á„_ÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó Q«ˆ„[˝
^Á◊¨K˜, £W˝« %ÁX≥V C ÂTˆÁ]Á„VÃ[˝ \ˆÁ_[˝ÁaÁÃ^ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ AcÕ ÂVc˜◊ªRÙO \ˆ„Ã[˝ ◊G„Ã^‰ªK˜,
ÂEıÁUÁC %ÁÃ[˝ ATˆªR«ÙOE«ı ◊XÃ[˝ÁX≥V %Y◊[˝yTˆÁ XÁcÕ*
=: AcÕ %X«\…ˆ◊Tˆm◊_ \ˆÁ_ --- c˜TˆÁ`ÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó [˝Áa XÁ Eı„Ã[˝, %ÁX„≥V [˝Áa
EıÃ[˝Á aÁW˝XÁÃ[˝ aTˆÓ %[˝ÿöˆÁ*
19.4.34
*
Ac˜[ÃO ˝÷Y `…XÓTˆÁ aÁW˝„Eı[Ã ˝ %Á„a ^FX >„àù˘Ô [Ã ˝ ÊªJÙTˆXÁ ÂX„] ]X Y“ÁS„Eı %◊W˝EıÁ[Ã ˝
EıÃ[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ ÈTˆÃ^Á◊Ã[˝ EıÃ[˝‰ªK˜ --- %Á±¡ÁÃ[˝ %X«\…ˆ◊TˆC ^FX c˜Ã^, TˆÁÃ[˝ Y“U] &„`Ô
AEıªRÙO› ◊[˝`Á_ `Á‹ôˆ `…XÓTˆÁcÕ c˜Ã^, TˆÁÃ[˝YÃ[˝ Âa `…XÓTˆÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó AEıªRÙO› ◊[˝`Á_ GÁªRÕÙ
`Á◊‹ôˆ X›Ã[˝[˝TˆÁ, ◊ÿöˆÃ[˝ ◊X∏JÙ_ %ÁX≥V XÁ„]*
21.4.34
*
a: %ÁL V«-◊TˆX ◊VX ÂVF◊ªK˜ EıTÊım◊_ ◊[˝„[Ã ˝ÁW˝› Èa„XÓÃ[˝ V_ %Á]Á„Eı %Áy‘]S
Eı◊[Ã ˝„Tˆ %Á◊a„Tˆ‰Kª ˜, EıTÊım◊_ %Á[˝#X¤ Á]Ã^ YÁc˜ÁQÕˆ %µ˘EıÁ„Ã[˝[Ã ˝ ]Tˆ c˜c˜^ÃO Á %Á◊aÃ^Á
%Á]Á„Eı ◊H◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ªJÙÁ◊YÃ^Á Ã[˝Á◊F„Tˆ ªJÙÁ◊c˜„Tˆ‰ªK˜* %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ◊\ˆTˆÃ[˝ c˜cÕ„Tˆ AEı◊ªRÙO `◊N˛
aÁ]„XÃ[˝ ◊V„Eı %Á◊aÃ^Á A[˝e ]ÁUÁÃ[˝ =Y„Ã[˝ =◊PˆÃ^Á ◊GÃ^Á a]ÿôˆ ◊[˝„Ã[˝ÁW˝› Èa„XÓÃ[˝
YU„Ã[˝ÁW˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜, ^«à˘ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ◊]UÓÁ`◊N˛Ã[˝ G◊Tˆ„Ã[˝ÁW˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜*
AcÕ Ã[˝Eı] %ÿëˆÁ\ˆÁ◊[˝Eı W˝Ã[˝„XÃ[˝ [˝›Ã[˝±ºˆ ÂEıX ÂV◊F„Tˆ◊ªK˜, ]Á?
=: ^◊V AcÕ %◊\ˆp˚TˆÁÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ ◊X\ˆ¤Ã[˝ EıÃ[˝Á ^ÁÃ^, TˆÁc˜„_ [˝«Mı„Tˆ c˜„[˝, Y“ÁSÿôˆ„Ã[˝
Â^FÁ„X ◊[˝„Ã[˝ÁW˝› `◊N˛Ã[˝ %Áy‘]S ÂaFÁ„X \ˆÁG[˝Tˆ Y“ÁS`◊N˛ Y“◊Tˆ◊úˆTˆ c˜„Ã^‰ªK˜
Â^ %ÁY◊X ÂacÕ %Áy‘]S„Eı [˝ÓUÔ Eı„Ã[˝ ÂVÃ^*
24.4.34
*
a: W˝ÓÁX EıÃ[˝„Tˆ %ÁÃ[˝êˆ EıÃ[˝„_ AEı◊ªRÙO `◊N˛ ATˆ ÂLÁ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ a„Ü ÂX„] %Á„a
%ÁÃ[˝ ATˆ ªJÙÁY Y‰QÕˆ Â^ %Á◊] ÂEıÁX ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ EıÃ[˝„Tˆ A[˝e A◊VEıC◊VEı TˆÁEıÁ„Tˆ
YÁ◊Ã[˝ XÁ* `Á‹ôˆ\ˆÁ„[˝ ÛÁaÁW˝Ó ÂacÕ `◊N˛Ã[˝ EıÁ‰ªK˜ W˝◊Ã[˝, Y„Ã[˝ a]ÿôˆ Y“E ı◊Tˆ ◊X∏JÙ_
`Á‹ôˆ ÿôˆç˘ c˜„Ã^ ^ÁÃ^* AEıªªRÙOÁ X›Ã[˝[˝ %ÁX„≥V %Á]Á„Eı Q«ˆ◊[˝„Ã^ Ã[˝Á„F*
=: AcÕ \ˆÁ_ >àùÔ˘ ÊªJÙTˆXÁÃ[˝ (Âa ÊªJÙTˆXÁÃ[˝ `Á◊‹ôˆ `◊N˛Ã[˝) %[˝TˆÃ[˝S --- ◊X„L„Eı
%ÁW˝Á„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ]„W˝Ó V ªRÕÙ\ˆÁ„[˝ ÿöˆÁYX EıÃ[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ Y“U] %Á„Ã^ÁLX*
26.4.34
*
a: ]Á, %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ]ÁUÁ FÁ◊_ c˜„Ã^ ◊G„Ã^‰ªK˜, ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ EıÃ[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ `◊N˛ªRÙOÁ ÂEıÁUÁÃ^
%‹ôˆ◊c˜¤Tˆ c˜„Ã^ ◊G„Ã^‰ªK˜ [˝„_ Â[˝ÁW˝ c˜‰¨K˜* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ]ÁUÁ„Tˆ %ÁÃ[˝ AEı◊ªRÙO Y«Ã[˝”b
ÂL„G =‰Pˆ‰ªK˜ Â^ AcÕ LG„TˆÃ[˝ A[˝e %‹ôˆ#¤G„TˆÃ[˝ ÊªK˜ÁªRÙO[˝QÕˆ ^Á ◊EıªK«˜cÕ %Á]ÁÃ[˝
ÊªJÙTˆXÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó %Áa‰ªK˜ TˆÁ„VÃ[˝„Eı ◊[˝Jª ÙÁ[Ã ˝ Eı„[Ã ˝ Â[˝‰Kª ˜ aTˆÓRª ÙÁO „Eı ◊X‰¨K˜ A[˝e ◊]UÓÁªRÙÁO „Eı
◊Xf„`„b TˆÁ◊QÕˆ„Ã^ ◊V‰¨K˜* %Á„G ◊]UÓÁÃ[˝ ÂF_Á„Eı TˆÓÁG EıÃ[˝„Tˆ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ %„XEı
EırÙ c˜Tˆ* AFX ÂacÕ LÁG–Tˆ ËªJÙTˆXÓ]Ã^ Y«Ã[˝”„bÃ[˝ aÁc˜Á„^Ó B aEı_ %Áy‘]S„Eı
Y“TˆÓÁFÓÁX EıÃ[˝Á %Á]ÁÃ[˝ Y„l˘ ac˜L c˜„Ã^ =‰Pˆ‰ªK˜*
=: AcÕ Y«[Ã ˝”b higher mental being --- >àù˘Ô ‰Jª ÙTˆXÁÃ[˝ %[˝Tˆ[Ã ˝„S Âa LÁG–Tˆ
c˜„Ã^ ^ÁÃ^ --- TˆÁÃ[˝ p˚ÁX aÁW˝ÁÃ[˝S ]„XÃ[˝ XÃ^, >àùÔ˘]„XÃ[˝ p˚ÁX*
26.4.34
*
Y“U] ÊªJÙTˆXÁ `…XÓ C ◊[˝`Á_ ªJÙÁcÕ --- TˆÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó =Y„Ã[˝Ã[˝ %Á„_Á `◊N˛ cÕTˆÓÁ◊V
ÿöˆÁÃ^›\ˆÁ„[˝ ÿöˆÁX ÂY„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ --- FÁ◊_ XÁ c˜„_ Y«„Ã[˝Á„XÁ movementscÕ ÂF„_,
=Y„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ◊L◊Xb a«◊[˝„W˝ ]Tˆ ÿöˆÁX YÁÃ^ XÁ*
5.5.34
*
◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ`…XÓ ◊[˝`Á_TˆÁÃ[˝ %[˝ÿöˆÁ„Eı Y“ÁS \ˆÁ_[˝Á„a XÁ* Âa ªJÙÁÃ^ G◊Tˆ, Â^ Ã[˝Eı]

G◊TˆcÕ Âc˜ÏEı, p˚Á„XÃ[˝ [˝Á %p˚Á„XÃ[˝* ÂEıÁXC %ªJÙá˚_ ◊ÿöˆÃ[˝ %[˝ÿöˆÁ TˆÁÃ[˝ Y„l˘
X›Ã[˝a _Á„G*
8.5.34
*
aw¯ÁÃ[˝ ÂEıÁX %e` TˆÓÁG EıÃ[˝Á ^ÁÃ^ XÁ, Ã[˝÷YÁ‹ôˆ◊Ã[˝Tˆ EıÃ[˝„Tˆ c˜Ã^* Y“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝
ÂEıÁX ◊[˝„`b G◊Tˆ TˆÓÁG EıÃ[˝Á ^ÁÃ^, aw¯ÁÃ[˝ %e`m„_Á ÿöˆÁÃ^›*
8.5.34
*
a: AFXC %Á◊] ÂacÕ `…XÓ %[˝ÿöˆÁÃ^ [˝Áa EıÃ[˝◊ªK˜* >„àùÔ˘Ã[˝ =#ù_ Y“\ˆÁ[˝
XÁ]‰ªK˜* %ÁW˝Á[Ã ˝◊Rª ÙO `…„XÓÃ[˝ %Tˆ_ Tˆ„_ ^Á‰¨K˜ --- a]ÿôˆ LGd ÿëˆ¨K˜ ◊X∂ˆÇ_Ô ◊XÃ[˝ÁEıÁ[Ã ˝*
AcÕ ◊XÃ[˝ÁEıÁ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ]„W˝Ó \ˆÁG[˝Tˆ› X›Ã[˝[˝ ◊Xÿôˆç˘TˆÁ %ÁÃ[˝ %◊[˝ªJÙ◊_Tˆ `Á◊‹ôˆ %ÁX≥V
%X«\ˆ[˝ EıÃ[˝◊ªK˜*
=: cÕc˜ÁcÕ =~◊TˆÃ[˝ Y“◊TˆúˆÁ --- AcÕ X›Ã[˝[˝TˆÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó a[˝cÕ XÁ]„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ C
Y“EıÁ` c˜„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝*
10.5.34
*
a: ]Á, %ÁL Y“SÁ„]Ã[˝ a]Ã^ ÂVF_Á] ]ÁUÁÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ AEı◊ªRÙO [˝QÕˆ Y≤ø* Y≤ø◊ªRÙOÃ[˝
AEıYÁ„` AEı◊ªRÙO cÕ◊tX ◊ZıªRÙO EıÃ[˝Á c˜‰¨K˜* cÕ◊t„XÃ[˝ G◊Tˆ„Tˆ AEıª◊ªRÙO L„_Ã[˝ ÊÿÉˆÁ„Tˆ
%Á]ÁÃ[˝ a]ÿôˆ %ÁW˝ÁÃ[˝ ÂW˝ÏTˆ c˜‰¨K˜* cÕ◊t„XÃ[˝ %XÓ AEı◊ªRÙO YÁcÕY ◊V„Ã^ L_ ÂLÁ„Ã[˝
Â[˝Ã[˝ c˜„Ã^ =Y„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ◊V„Eı ^Á‰¨K˜ A[˝e E«ıÃ^Á`ÁÃ[˝ ]Tˆ c˜„Ã^ X›_ %ÁEıÁ„` ◊]„`
^Á‰¨K˜*
=: cÕc˜Á purificationAÃ[˝ symbol --- >àùÔ˘‰ªJÙTˆXÁÃ[˝ ÊÿÉˆÁ„Tˆ ÂW˝ÏTˆ c˜„_
%ÁW˝ÁÃ[˝ purified c˜„Ã^ ^ÁÃ^*
10.5.34
*
a: %Á◊] ÂVF_Á], %ÁW˝ÓÁ◊≈±¡Eı ÿôˆ„Ã[˝ Y“EıÁâ¯ AEı◊ªRÙO ªJÙy‘ %◊[˝Ã[˝Á] H«Ã[˝‰ªK˜ %ÁÃ[˝
TˆÁÃ[˝ ÂHÁÃ[˝ÁÃ[˝ a„Ü a„Ü X›_, aÁVÁ, a[˝«L, _Á_, ÂaÁXÁ_› a…^ÔÓÃ[˝◊`ΩÃ[˝ ]Tˆ %Á„_Á
%Á]ÁÃ[˝ ËªJÙTˆÓY«Ã[˝”„bÃ[˝ ÿôˆ„Ã[˝ C %XÓÁXÓ ◊X∂oˆ %e`m◊_„Tˆ XÁ]‰ªK˜* AEıªRÙOÁÃ[˝ YÃ[˝

AEıªRÙOÁ %Á„_Á ÂX„] A„a ªJÙ„y‘Ã[˝ G◊Tˆ„Tˆ %ÁW˝Á„Ã[˝Ã[˝ a]ÿôˆ %µ˘EıÁÃ[˝ W˝«„Ã^ Y◊Ã[˝õıÁÃ[˝
Eı„Ã[˝ ÂZı_‰ªK˜, Y„Ã[˝ H…SÔ„XÃ[˝ G◊TˆÃ[˝ a„Ü ÊªJÙTˆXÁ„Eı A[˝e aw¯Á„Eı ÊªRÙO„X >„àù˘¤Ã[˝
Ã[˝Á„LÓ T«ˆ„_ ◊X„Ã^ ^Á‰¨K˜ %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ H…SÔ„XÃ[˝ G◊TˆÃ[˝ a„Ü XÁ◊]„Ã^ ◊V‰¨K˜*
=: ªJÙy‘ ÂHÁÃ[˝Á `◊N˛Ã[˝ Eı∂ˆÇÔY“„Ã^ÁG* %W˝ÓÁ±¡ `◊N˛ EıÁL Eı‰¨K˜ %ÁW˝ÁÃ[˝„Eı
Y◊Ã[˝õıÁÃ[˝ Eı„Ã[˝ ÊªJÙTˆXÁ„Eı >„àùÔ˘ T«ˆ„_ ◊X„Tˆ --- T«ˆ„_ ◊X„Ã^ >„àùÔ˘Ã[˝ ÊªJÙTˆXÁÃ^ ae^«N˛
Eı„Ã[˝ ◊XL ÿöˆÁ„X %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ XÁ◊]„Ã^ ÂVÃ^*
15.5.34
*
[˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ÊªJÙTˆXÁ ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ [a„Ü] ae◊`¿rÙ UÁ„Eı ^◊V V«cÕcÕ ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ ◊XEıªRÙO a+…SÔ
a]◊YÔTˆ `Á‹ôˆ Y◊[˝y c˜„Ã^ ^ÁÃ^ --- TˆÁ c˜„_ a[˝ aêˆ[˝ c˜Ã^*
17.5.34
*
a: ]Á, %ÁL Y“SÁ„]Ã[˝ a]Ã^ ATˆ G\ˆ›Ã[˝ Ã[˝Á„LÓ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ a]ÿôˆ ÊªJÙTˆXÁ =‰Pˆ
◊G„Ã^◊ªK˜_ Â^ ÂVc˜◊ªRÙOC =‰Pˆ ◊G„Ã^◊ªK˜_ [˝„_ Â[˝ÁW˝ c˜„Ã^◊ªK˜_*
=: ÿöˆ…_ ÂVc˜ Tˆ =Pˆ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ XÁ AcÕ aEı_ Ã[˝Á„LÓ --- a…©ø ÂVc˜ =Pˆ„Tˆ
YÁ„Ã[˝, TˆÁC ac˜„L c˜Ã^ XÁ* Tˆ„[˝ ^FX vital =‰Pˆ ^ÁÃ^, TˆÁÃ[˝ a„Ü physical
consciousnessAÃ[˝ ÂEıÁX %e` TˆÁÃ[˝ a„Ü ÊªRÙO„X ◊X„Ã^ Â^„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝*
19.5.34
*
a: %Á◊] ÂVF_Á] a]ÿôˆ LGd Â^X W˝…∂ÉˆÁ¨K˜~ %ÁÃ[˝ X›‰ªJÙ a[˝ L«‰QÕˆ £W˝« AEıªRÙOÁ
aÁGÃ[˝ %ÁÃ[˝ ÂacÕ aÁG„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ]W˝Ó ◊V„Ã^ F«[˝ [˝QÕˆ AEıªRÙOÁ ∫ªRÙO›]Á„Ã[˝ Eı„Ã[˝ T«ˆ◊] %Á]Á„VÃ[˝
>„àùÔ˘Ã[˝ ◊V„Eı ◊X„Ã^ ^Á¨K˜*
=: AcÕ aÁGÃ[˝ C %ÁEıÁ` physical ÊªJÙTˆXÁ C Y“Eı ◊Tˆ[Ã ˝ obscurity Â[˝ÁMıÁÃ^*
aEı„_cÕ TˆÁÃ[˝ ]W˝Ó ◊V„Ã^ ^Á‰¨K˜ ◊V[˝Ó %Á„_ÁEı physicalAC YÁ[˝ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ*
24.5.34
*
a: ]Á, %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ÂEıX ]„X c˜‰¨K˜ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ =~◊Tˆ c˜‰¨K˜ XÁ A[˝e Â^ÁGY„U %ÁÃ[˝
%Á◊] %G–aÃ[˝ c˜„Tˆ YÁÃ[˝[˝ XÁ AcÕ %Y◊[˝y ÂVc˜ C Y“E ı◊Tˆ ◊X„Ã^*
=: Physical ÊªJÙTˆXÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó ÂX„]ªK˜, Âa LXÓ AcÕ Ã[˝Eı] Â[˝ÁW˝ c˜‰¨K˜, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ
A aTˆÓ XÃ^ --- ÂaFÁ„X ÂX„]ªK˜ physicalAÃ[˝ Ã[˝÷YÁ‹ôˆ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ LXÓ*
24.5.34
*
Vital mind c˜÷V„Ã^Ã[˝ =Y„Ã[˝, G_ÁÃ[˝ X›‰ªJÙ* =¨JÙ Y“ÁS c˜÷V„Ã^; XÁ◊\ˆ„Tˆ
central [˝Á ordinary [˝Á middle Y“ÁS* XÁ◊\ˆÃ[˝ X›‰ªJÙ ◊X∂oˆ Y“ÁS* ]…_ÁW˝ÁÃ[˝
physical ÊªJÙTˆXÁÃ[˝ ÂEı≥V–*
24.5.34
*
a: ]Á, %ÁL„Eı W˝ÓÁX EıÃ[˝„Tˆ ÂG„_cÕ ÂVF◊ªK˜ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ %ÁW˝Á„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ EıTÊı-
m„_Á Y«Ã[˝”b £W˝« EıUÁ[˝ÁwÔ¯Á [˝_‰ªK˜, AEıLX %XÓ„Eı ßE«ı] EıÃ[˝‰ªK˜ C XÁXÁÃ[˝Eı]
%Á„V` EıÃ[˝‰ªK˜*
=: Am„_Á c˜^Ã %[˝‰Jª ÙTˆXÁÃ[˝ XÁXÁ voices XÃ^ general physical mindAÃ[˝
suggestions --- Âa ◊V„Eı attention ÂVCÃ^ÁÃ[˝ Y“„Ã^ÁLX XÁcÕ*
25.5.34
*
a: %Á◊] ÂVF_Á] =YÃ[˝ c˜„Tˆ AEı◊ªRÙO a…^ÔÓ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ]ÁUÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó ÂX„] A_*
TˆÁÃ[˝YÃ[˝ ÂVF_Á] AEıªRÙOÁ aÁY --- aÁ„YÃ[˝ ]ÁUÁªRÙOÁcÕ a…^ÔÓ --- y‘]ÁXü„Ã^ X›‰ªJÙÃ[˝
◊V„Eı XÁ]‰ªK˜* ^FX %Á]ÁÃ[˝ YÁ„Ã^Ã[˝ X›‰ªJÙ XÁ]_ TˆÁ AEıªRÙOÁ [˝ c˜VÁEıÁÃ[˝ %◊G¬„Tˆ
Y◊Ã[˝STˆ c˜„Ã^ ÂG_ %ÁÃ[˝ %Á◊] ÂacÕ %◊G¬Ã[˝ ]„W˝Ó %Á◊ªK˜* AcÕ Ã[˝Eı„] ◊X∂oˆÿôˆ„Ã[˝
XÁ]_Á]* ÂaFÁ„X AEıªRÙOÁ [˝X YÁÃ[˝ c˜„Ã^ Y“EıÁâ¯ AEıªªRÙOÁ [˝ÁQÕˆ› ÂVF_Á]* ÂacÕ
[˝ÁQÕˆ›Ã[˝ ◊\ˆTˆÃ[˝ c˜„Tˆ EıTÊım◊_ ÈVTˆÓ AcÕ %◊G¬ ÂV„F ªJÙÁ◊Ã[˝◊VEı ^ÁV«[˝„_ %µ˘EıÁÃ[˝
Eı„Ã[˝ ÂZı__ ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ AcÕ %◊G¬◊ªRÙO %Á]Á„Eı ◊H„Ã[˝ ÂÃ[˝„F◊ªK˜_ [˝„_ TˆÁÃ[˝Á %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ÂEıÁX
l˘◊Tˆ EıÃ[˝„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝◊X* TˆÁÃ[˝YÃ[˝ ÂVF_Á] T«ˆ◊] ÂacÕ LG„Tˆ XÁ]„_ A[˝e %µ˘EıÁÃ[˝ªRÙOÁ
ÂEı‰ªRÙO ◊G„Ã^ a[˝ ÿöˆÁX◊ªRÙO Â^X YÁTˆ_Á AEıÃ[˝Eı] L_]Ã^ c˜„Ã^ ÂG_*
=: A LGd %[˝‰ªJÙTˆXÁÃ[˝ Ã[˝ÁLÓ c˜„[˝ --- Â^FÁ„X %µ˘EıÁÃ[˝ C %p˚Á„XÃ[˝ ÂF_Á

--- ÂaFÁ„X aTˆÓ %Á„_Á XÁ][˝ÁÃ[˝ ÊªJÙrÙÁ*
25.5.34
*
G_ÁÃ^ %Á‰ªK˜ [˝◊c˜Å¤`fi ]„XÃ[˝ ÂEı≥V– --- physical mental, Âa ◊PÊı ÿöˆ…_
]X XÃ^, Âa c˜‰¨K˜ [˝«◊à˘Ã[˝ Â^ %e` expression Eı„Ã[˝, EıUÁÃ[˝ a ◊rÙ Eı„Ã[˝, ]„XÃ[˝
\ˆÁ[˝ ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ„Eı ÂEıÁXÃ[˝Eı] [˝ÓN˛ Eı„Ã[˝, TˆÁ„VÃ[˝ Y“\ˆÁ[˝„Eı [˝◊c˜#¤G„TˆÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó Ã[˝÷Y
◊V„Ã^ aZı_ EıÃ[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÊªJÙrÙÁ Eı„Ã[˝ cÕTˆÓÁ◊V* Tˆ„[˝ ÿöˆ…_ ]„XÃ[˝ a„Ü H◊Xúˆ\ˆÁ„[˝ ae◊`¿rÙ
[˝‰ªRÙO*
26.5.34
*
◊X∂oˆ Y“Á„SÃ[˝ \ˆÁ[˝ =‰Pˆ ]X[˝«◊à˘„Eı %Áy‘]S Eı„Ã[˝ Y“Á„SÃ[˝ ÊY“Ã[˝SÁÃ^ \ˆÁ◊a„Ã^
ÂV[˝ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ %U[˝Á [˝«◊à˘Ã[˝ a∂ˆÇ◊Tˆ C aÁc˜Á^Ó YÁ[˝ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ --- TˆÁÃ[˝YÃ[˝ ◊X„L„Eı
a„LÁ„Ã[˝ EıUÁÃ^ [˝Á EıÁ„^ÔÓ Y◊Ã[˝STˆ Eı„Ã[˝* TˆÁc˜Á XÁ YÁÃ[˝„_ ◊XVÁX [˝«◊à˘„Eı ÿöˆ◊GTˆ
Eı„Ã[˝ ◊X„LÃ[˝ %Á◊W˝YTˆÓ ÿöˆÁYX EıÃ[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÊªJÙrÙÁ Eı„Ã[˝* Higher consciousness
and will C psychic„Eı %ÁW˝Á„Ã[˝ Â[˝`› aLÁG C [˝_[˝ÁX EıÃ[˝Á, a[[˝Ôy a◊y‘Ã^
Eı„Ã[˝ Ã[˝ÁFÁ Tˆ cÕc˜ÁÃ[˝ %Y„XÁV„XÃ[˝ %Áa_ =YÁÃ^*
26.5.34
*
a: EıFX ]„X c˜‰¨K˜ ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ cÕ¨K˜ÁÃ[˝ ◊[˝Ã[˝”„à˘ %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ YQÕˆÁ %ÁÃ[˝êˆ Eı„Ã[˝◊ªK˜,
TˆÁcÕ %Á◊] a«≥VÃ[˝ %[˝ÿöˆÁ c˜„Tˆ X›‰ªJÙ ÂX„] ÂG◊ªK˜* %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ ]„X c˜Ã^ %Á◊] %TˆÓ‹ôˆ
%Y◊[˝y --- %Á]ÁÃ[˝ •ÁÃ[˝Á AcÕ Â^Á„G %ÁÃ[˝ Â[˝`› =~◊Tˆ aêˆ[˝YÃ[˝ XÃ^*
=: AcÕ a[˝ ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ outward Y“Á„SÃ[˝ ÿëˆ\ˆÁ[˝GTˆ ---- ac˜„L ◊XÃ[˝Á` c˜„Ã^ ^ÁÃ^
--- [˝«◊à˘Ã[˝ W˝ÁÃ[˝ W˝Á„Ã[˝ XÁ, ◊X„LÃ[˝ EıîXÁ„Eı %Á`“Ã^ Eı„Ã[˝ EıTˆ ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁÃ[˝ a ◊rÙ Eı„Ã[˝
^ÁÃ[˝ ÂEıÁXC ]…_Ó XÁcÕ*
26.5.34
*
a: EıÁ_ W˝ÓÁ„XÃ[˝ a]Ã^ AEı◊ªRÙO Y“EıÁâ¯ LÁ„XÁÃ^ÁÃ[˝„Eı ÂVF_Á] %Á]ÁÃ[˝ aÁ]„X

Vâ¯ÁÃ^]ÁX* ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ Â^ `◊N˛ XÁ]◊ªK˜_, TˆÁ Â^X XÁ]„Tˆ XÁ YÁ„Ã[˝ Âa\ˆÁ„[˝ Âa
TˆÁÃ[˝ Y“EıÁâ¯ ÂVc˜◊ªRÙO„Eı ◊[˝ÿô ˆTˆ Eı„Ã[˝ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ aÁ]„X VÒÁ≈◊QÕˆ„Ã^◊ªK˜_* ^FX ËªJÙTˆÓY«Ã[˝”„bÃ[˝
%\ˆ›¥aÁÃ^ A[˝e %Á‚º˜Á„X %Á]ÁÃ[˝ %ÁW˝Á„Ã[˝ ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ `◊N˛ a„LÁ„Ã[˝ ÂX„] A_ TˆFX
B ◊[˝EıªRÙO LÁ„XÁÃ^ÁÃ[˝◊ªRÙOÃ[˝ ÂVc˜ ªJ«ÙÃ[˝]ÁÃ[˝ c˜„Ã^ ÂG_* Y„Ã[˝ ]„X c˜_ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ÿöˆ…_ X›ªJÙ
Y“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝cÕ ÂEıÁX ◊]UÓÁ `◊N˛ c˜„[˝ --- ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ATˆ [˝QÕˆ ◊Eı Eı„Ã[˝ c˜_, ]Á?
=: ÿöˆ…_ Y“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝cÕ `◊N˛ --- ◊Eı∂ô«ˆ ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ ÿöˆ…_ Y“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝ XÃ^*
2.6.34
*
a: %ÁÃ[˝ %Á„GÃ[˝ ]Tˆ EıÁÃ[˝”Ã[˝cÕ a„Ü ◊]`[˝ÁÃ[˝ a]Ã^ ◊X„L„Eı Y“Á„SÃ[˝ ÂF_ÁÃ[˝
ÊÿÉˆÁ„Tˆ \ˆÁ◊a„Ã^ ◊VcÕ XÁ, ◊X„L„Eı ÿëˆTˆ‹óˆ Ã[˝ÁF[˝ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ a‰ªJÙrÙ c˜cÕ* %Á„G Â^]X
Ã[˝ÁG, %a‹ô«ˆ◊rÙ, ◊XÃ[˝ÁX≥V cÕTˆÓÁ◊V %◊Tˆ ac˜„L %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó %ÁaTˆ --- AFX
ÂVF„Tˆ YÁcÕ TˆÁÃ[˝Á %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó %Áa„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ XÁ, iı◊ªJÙd A„_C ÂacÕ ]«c…˜„wÔ¯
TˆÁ◊QÕˆ„Ã^ ÂV[˝ÁÃ[˝ l˘]TˆÁ Â^X AEıªªR«ÙO c˜„Ã^‰ªK˜*
=: AcÕ =~◊TˆcÕ Y“U] Jª ÙÁcÕ --- AªRÙÁO XÁ c˜„_ %ÁÃ[˝ ◊EıKª ˜« ÿöˆÁ^Ã › c˜„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ XÁ*
2.6.34
*
a: ]Á, ◊Eı Âc˜T«ˆ ◊X∂oˆ`◊N˛m„_Á ÂL„G =‰Pˆ? H«„]Á„_cÕ Â[˝`› Eı„Ã[˝ %Áa„Tˆ
a«„^ÁG YÁÃ^ Â^]X aÁW˝ÁÃ[˝S %[˝ÿöˆÁÃ^ YÁÃ^ XÁ*
=: H«„] =Pˆ„_ %[˝‰ªJÙTˆXÁcÕ ]…_ c˜„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ --- Tˆ„[˝ Y“Á„SÃ[˝ ÂEıÁX %e„`
Y“E ı◊TˆªRÙOÁ _«◊Eı„Ã^ ÂU„Eı ÂEıÁXC l«˘V– &„`Ô [˝Á %EıÁÃ[˝„SC =Pˆ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝, TˆÁ
Y“ÁÃ^cÕ c˜Ã^*
19.6.34
*
a: ]Á, a[˝ÁcÕ %Á]Á„Eı ◊X„≥V Eı„Ã[˝ Â^ %Á◊] ÂTˆÁ]Á„Eı `Ã[˝›Ã[˝ a∂ëˆ„µ˘ ◊[˝`“›
%`“Á[˝Ó EıUÁ a[˝ ◊_◊F [˝„_* CÃ[˝Á [˝„_ aÁW˝XÁÃ[˝ EıUÁ, Y“ÁUÔXÁÃ[˝ EıUÁ ªK˜ÁQÕˆÁ %ÁÃ[˝
◊EıªK«˜cÕ CÃ[˝Á ÂTˆÁ]Á„Eı Â_„F XÁ*
=: %a«F ^◊V c˜Ã^ --- Âa Â^cÕ %a«FcÕ Âc˜ÁEı --- Â^]X QˆÁN˛ÁÃ[˝ EıÁ‰ªK˜
ÂÃ[˝ÁG› _«EıÁÃ^ XÁ, [˝_„Tˆ [˝ÁW˝Á Â[˝ÁW˝ EıÃ[˝Á =◊ªJÙTˆ XÃ^, ÂTˆ]XcÕ ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ EıÁ‰ªK˜C
]«N˛\ˆÁ„[˝ [˝_Á =◊ªJÙTˆ* Â_Á„EıÃ[˝ EıUÁ £X„Tˆ XÁcÕ, TˆÁÃ[˝Á XÁ [˝«„Mı ^Á-TˆÁ [˝„_*
26.6.34
*
^FX `Á‹ôˆ c˜„Ã^ =◊•G¬ XÁ c˜„Ã^ ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ `◊N˛Ã[˝ EıÁ‰ªK˜ ◊X„L„Eı F«„_ Ã[˝ÁF,
TˆFX ]Á„Ã^[Ã ˝ `◊N˛ EıÁL Eı[Ã ˝„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝* ]Á„Ã^[Ã ˝ AEı◊VX Eı‰PˆÁ[Ã ˝TˆÁ, AEı◊VX Y“a~TˆÁ,
cÕc˜Á aÁW˝„EıÃ[˝ ]„XÃ[˝ a ◊rÙ, [˝Áÿôˆ◊[˝Eı XÃ^* ◊X„L„Eı F«„_ Ã[˝ÁF --- cÕc˜ÁcÕ c˜‰¨K˜
AEı]Áy %Áa_ EıUÁ*
27.6.34
*
Aa[˝ ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁÃ^ C ◊[˝_Á„Y aÁW˝XÁÃ[˝ ÂEıÁX =YEıÁÃ[˝ c˜Ã^ XÁ* Y“ÁScÕ [˝ÁW˝ÁÃ[˝ a ◊rÙ
Eı„Ã[˝; Âa Y“ÁSC %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ [˝ÁW˝ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ ◊[˝_ÁY C ◊XÃ[˝Á`Á a ◊rÙ Eı„Ã[˝* Â^]X Y“Á„SÃ[˝
[˝ÁW˝ÁEıÃ[˝› Â[˝„G ÂEıÁX _Á\ˆ XÁcÕ, ÂTˆ]X [˝ÁW˝ÁL◊XTˆ ◊XÃ[˝Á`ÁÃ^C _Á\ˆ XÁcÕ* TˆÁÃ[˝
ÊªJÙ„Ã^ X∂Éˆ aÃ[˝_\ˆÁ„[˝ `“à˘Á C a]YÔS Eı„Ã[˝ Y“Á„SÃ[˝ a[˝ %£à˘ movement„Eı
TˆÓÁG Eı„Ã[˝ Y“Á„S true consciousness (aTˆÓ ÊªJÙTˆXÁ)„Eı XÁ]Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÊªJÙrÙÁ \ˆÁ_*
28.6.34
*
a: ]Á, %Á]ÁÃ[˝ £W˝« ÂEıX Â[˝ÁW˝ c˜‰¨K˜ T«ˆ◊] Eı‰PˆÁÃ[˝ ◊XÅ¤Ã^? Y“◊Tˆ ]«c…˜„wÔ¯ %Á◊]
ATˆ %XÓÁÃ^ Eı◊Ã[˝ Tˆ[˝«C Â^ T«ˆ◊] AEı ◊[˝≥V« ◊[˝ªJÙ◊_Tˆ XÁ c˜„Ã^ %Á]Á„Eı `Á◊‹ôˆ VÁC
TˆÁ %Á◊] \ˆÁ_ Eı„Ã[˝ LÁ◊X --- Tˆ[˝« ÂEıX ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ V ◊rÙÃ[˝ Eı‰PˆÁÃ[˝TˆÁ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ [˝«„Eı
[˝ÁL‰ªK˜?
=: Y“Á„SÃ[˝ [˝ÁW˝Á* ]ÁX«„bÃ[˝ Y“ÁS [˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ◊L◊Xb ªJÙÁÃ^, Â_Á„EıÃ[˝ a„Ü Y“Á„SÃ[˝
◊[˝◊X]Ã^ ªJÙÁÃ^, ◊X„LÃ[˝ [˝ÁaXÁ VÁ[˝› Y“\ ˆ◊TˆÃ[˝ a„‹ôˆÁb ªJÙÁÃ^, ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ %X«G–c˜C ªJÙÁÃ^
◊Eı‹ô«ˆ %]◊X, ◊X„L„Eı XÁ ◊V„Ã^, ]Á %Á]Á„Eı \ˆÁ_[˝Áa„[˝X, %ÁVÃ[˝ EıÃ[˝„[˝X, Y“W˝ÁX
ÿöˆÁX ÂV„[˝X, EıÃ[˝”SÁ %Á„_Á `Á◊‹ôˆ [˝QÕˆ [˝QÕˆ %X«\…ˆ◊Tˆ [˝bÔS EıÃ[˝„[˝X --- cÕc˜Á c˜‰¨K˜
]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ EıwÔ¯[˝Ó --- %Á◊] ◊V◊[˝Ó Â\ˆÁG EıÃ[˝[˝* ]Á ^◊V XÁ Eı„Ã[˝X, TˆÁc˜„_ ◊Tˆ◊X
◊XÅ¤Ã^ Eı‰PˆÁÃ[˝ ◊XõıÃ[˝”S* Y“Á„SÃ[˝ %Áa_ \ˆÁ[˝ AcÕ* Ca[˝ A„Eı[˝Á„Ã[˝ Y◊Ã[˝õıÁÃ[˝
EıÃ[˝„Tˆ c˜„[˝, %Áa_ FgÁ◊ªRÙO a]YÔS EıÃ[˝„Tˆ c˜„[˝ --- TˆÁ c˜„_ [˝ÁW˝Ám„_Á YÁ_Á„[˝*
29.6.34
*
◊[˝QÕˆÁ_ Tˆ Y“Á„SÃ[˝ (emotional cÕTˆÓÁ◊V) [˝ÁaXÁÃ[˝ Y“Tˆ›Eı*

30.6.34
*
EıÁL [˝Á YQÕˆÁ ÊªK˜‰QÕˆ ÂEıÁX ÿöˆÁÃ^› Zı_ c˜Ã^ XÁ* Y“ÁS„EıcÕ Y◊Ã[˝õıÁÃ[˝ EıÃ[˝„Tˆ
c˜„[˝ =Y„Ã[˝Ã[˝ \ˆÁ[˝ `Á◊‹ôˆ a]TˆÁ Y◊[˝yTˆÁ TˆÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó A„X*
30.6.34
*
a: ]Á, %ÁLEıÁ_ %Á◊] Ââ[˝ %◊\ˆp˚TˆÁ YÁcÕ Am„_Á ◊Eı ◊]UÓÁ? T«ˆ◊]
AFX %◊\ˆp˚TˆÁÃ[˝ =w¯Ã[˝ VÁC XÁ [˝„_ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ a„≥Vc˜ c˜Ã^*
=: %◊\ˆp˚TˆÁ ◊]UÓÁ XÃ^, Tˆ„[˝ AcÕ a„[˝Ã[˝ %UÔ %Á„GcÕ [˝«◊Mı„Ã^ ◊V„Ã^◊ªK˜ Â^LXÓ
%ÁÃ[˝ ◊EıªK«˜ ◊_◊F XÁ Am„_ÁÃ[˝ a∂ëˆ„µ˘* AcÕ a[˝ %◊\ˆp˚TˆÁ =Y„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ÿôˆ„Ã[˝Ã[˝, ÂaFÁ„X
aTˆÓ, X›‰ªJÙÃ[˝ ÿôˆ„Ã[˝ aTˆÓ c˜[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÊªJÙrÙÁ Eı„¨K˜ ---- ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ TˆÁÃ[˝ LXÓ VÃ[˝EıÁÃ[˝ ◊X∂oˆÿôˆ„Ã[˝
`Á◊‹ôˆ X›Ã[˝[˝TˆÁ Y◊[˝yTˆÁ ◊[˝`Á_TˆÁ >àùÔ˘ ËªJÙTˆ„XÓÃ[˝ %[˝TˆÃ[˝S*
2.7.34
*
a: Y“ÁS ªTˆ Y…„[[˝Ô EıFX %Á]Á„Eı [˝ÁW˝Á ÂVÃ^◊X, EırÙ ÂVÃ^◊X* ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ Y„U
ªK«˜‰ªRÙO %Áa„Tˆ a]ÿôˆ YÁ◊UÔ[˝ [˝µ˘X ◊ªK˜~ EıÃ[˝„Tˆ Âa %Á]Á„Eı ^„UrÙ aÁc˜Á^Ó Eı„Ã[˝◊ªK˜_*
%ÁL ÂacÕ Y“Á„SÃ[˝ ATˆ %£à˘TˆÁ ÂL„G =Pˆ_ ÂEıX?
=: Y“Á„SÃ[˝ %£à˘TˆÁ Tˆ ◊ªK˜_cÕ --- AFÁ„X LÁ„G ◊X* AFÁ„X TˆÁÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝
]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ `◊N˛Ã[˝ ªJÙÁY YQÕˆ_ [˝V_Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ, Â^LXÓ [˝ÁW˝Á Y“EıªRÙO c˜_*
3.7.34
*
A a[˝ Y“ÁS\…ˆ◊]Ã[˝ ÿëˆY¬ --- ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ TˆÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó %[˝‰ªJÙTˆXÁÃ[˝ Eı◊îTˆ Ã[˝÷Ym„_Á
A]X ◊]„` ÂG‰ªK˜ Â^ TˆÁ„VÃ[˝ %ÁÃ[˝ ÂEıÁX %UÔ [˝Á ]…_Ó ÂXcÕ* %„XEı ÿëˆY¬ AcÕ
W˝Ã[˝„XÃ[˝cÕ c˜Ã^* Â^m„_Á &rÙ %UÔY…SÔ TˆÁ„VÃ[˝cÕ ]…_Ó %Á‰ªK˜*
13.7.34
*
[˝«Mı„Tˆ YÁÃ[˝_Á] XÁ* Â^ %[˝ÿöˆÁÃ[˝ [˝SÔXÁ EıÃ[˝, ÂaªRÙO› Ê`“úˆ %[˝ÿöˆÁ %ÁW˝ÓÁ◊≈±¡Eı
=~◊TˆÃ[˝ Y„l˘ --- Y“E ı◊Tˆ `Á‹ôˆ, ªJÙÁá˚_Ó =„w¯LXÁÃ[˝ %\ˆÁ[˝, `Á‹ôˆ G\ˆ›Ã[˝ %ÁX≥V,
◊XUÃ[˝ =daÁc˜ --- %ÁÃ[˝ ◊Eı ªJÙÁC? AcÕ c˜‰¨K˜ =~◊TˆÃ[˝ ◊\ˆ◊w¯*
18.8.34
*
a: ]Á, %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ]X Y“ÁS %Á±¡Á ÂEıÁUÁÃ^ %‹ôˆW˝ÔÁX Eı„Ã[˝‰ªK˜* %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ÂVc˜◊ªRÙO

AEıªRÙOÁ l˘›S %Á„_ÁÃ[˝ Ã[˝◊`ΩÃ[˝ ]Tˆ Y‰QÕˆ %Á‰ªK˜ --- ÂEıÁX Ã[˝Eı] \ˆÁÃ[˝ EırÙ =„w¯LXÁ
◊EıªK«˜cÕ %Á◊] Â[˝ÁW˝ EıÃ[˝„Tˆ YÁÃ[˝◊ªK˜ XÁ* ...%Á◊] %„XEı Ã[˝ÁÿôˆÁ ÂVF„Tˆ YÁ◊¨K˜ ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝
EıÁ‰ªK˜ ^Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ÂaÁLÁ Ã[˝ÁÿôˆÁ AEı◊ªRÙOC XÁcÕ* ]Á, Y…„[[˝Ô Â^]X ÂaÁLÁ ◊ªK˜_
[˝„_ %Á◊] ÂVF„Tˆ ÂYTˆÁ] AFX ÂEıX TˆÁ ÂVF„Tˆ YÁcÕ XÁ?
=: T«ˆ◊] AFX physical ÊªJÙTˆXÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó [˝„a %ÁªK˜ --- Âa ÊªJÙTˆXÁ %Á„_ÁÃ[˝
LXÓ Y“ÿô«ˆTˆ c˜‰¨K˜ %ÁÃ[˝ Y“Tˆ›l˘Á Eı‰¨K˜*
21.8.34
*
[˝ÓUÁÃ^, c˜TˆÁ`ÁÃ^, ◊XÃ[˝ÁX„≥V, ◊XÃ[˝”daÁ„c˜ ÂEı= EıFXC Â^ÁGY„U =~◊Tˆ _Á\ˆ

Eı„Ã[˝◊X* AcÕ a[˝ XÁ UÁEıÁ \ˆÁ_*
24.8.34
*
AcÕ Â^ÁGY„U ◊]UÓÁcÕ c˜‰¨K˜ [˝QÕˆ %‹ôˆÃ[˝ÁÃ^ --- ÂEıÁX Ã[˝Eı] ◊]UÓÁ„Eı ÿöˆÁX
◊V„Tˆ ÂXcÕ --- ]„XC XÃ^, EıUÁÃ^C XÃ^, EıÁ„^ÔÓC XÃ^*
1.9.34
*
%◊[˝`üÁa c˜‰¨K˜ ◊X∂oˆY“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝ W˝∂ˆÇÔ Â^X --- ◊X∂oˆ Y“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝ EıUÁ £X„Tˆ ÂXcÕ*
^Á =YÃ[˝ ÂU„Eı %Á„a TˆÁc˜ÁcÕ aTˆÓ*
1.9.34
*
^FX `Ã[˝›[Ã ˝‰Jª ÙTˆXÁ Y“ÿˆ«ô Tˆ c˜„^Ã ^Á„[˝, TˆFX EıÁ„LÃ[˝ •ÁÃ[˝ÁC =~◊Tˆ c˜„Tˆ YÁÃ[˝„[˝*
8.9.34
*
◊]UÓÁ Tˆ ◊X∂oˆ Y“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝ ÿëˆ\ˆÁ[˝* ÂaFÁ„X aTˆÓ„Eı ÿöˆÁYX EıÃ[˝„Tˆ c˜„[˝*

11.9.34
*
£W˝« >„àùÔ˘ ^ÁCÃ^ÁÃ^ A Â^Á„GÃ[˝ ◊a◊à˘ c˜Ã^ XÁ --- >„àùÔ˘Ã[˝ aTˆÓ `Á◊‹ôˆ %Á„_Á
cÕTˆÓÁ◊V ÂX„] ]X Y“ÁS ÂV„c˜ Y“◊Tˆ◊úˆTˆ c˜„_cÕ ◊a◊à˘ c˜Ã^*
^◊V >àùÔ˘ ËªJÙTˆXÓ XÁ„] %ÁÃ[˝ T«ˆ◊] ]XY“ÁS„V„c˜Ã[˝ a[˝ ◊]UÓÁ„Eı Y“TˆÓÁFÁX EıÃ[˝,
TˆÁc˜„_ aTˆÓ Y“◊Tˆ◊úˆTˆ c˜„[˝*
14.9.34
*
^◊V ]ÁX«„bÃ[˝ \ˆÁ_[˝ÁaÁÃ[˝ ◊V„Eı ]X ªK«˜‰ªRÙO [˝Á ]ÁX«b„Eı %ÁEıbÔS EıÃ[˝, TˆÁc˜„_
\ˆG[˝ÁX„Eı YÁCÃ^Á Eı◊PˆX, AcÕ EıUÁ F«[˝cÕ aTˆÓ*
19.9.34
*
a: %Á]ÁÃ[˝ Â\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ p˚ÁX, %Á„_ÁEı C `◊N˛ ÂX„] %Áa‰ªK˜ A[˝e TˆÁ„VÃ[˝„Eı

[˝Ó[˝c˜ÁÃ[˝ EıÃ[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ p˚ÁXC %Áa‰ªK˜* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ TˆÁ„VÃ[˝„Eı Y“EıÁ` EıÃ[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ \ˆÁbÁ ªK˜≥V C
YU Fg«„L YÁ◊¨K˜ XÁ*
=: \ˆÁbÁ ªK˜„≥VÃ[˝ VÃ[˝EıÁÃ[˝ XÁcÕ --- AcÕ ^Á XÁ]„Tˆ ªJÙÁÃ^, TˆÁc˜Á p˚ÁX --- %Á„G
p˚ÁX ÂY„Tˆ, p˚Á„XÃ[˝ %Á„_Á„Eı =~◊Tˆ ac˜L c˜„Ã^ ^ÁÃ^ --- AFX %ÁÃ[˝ ÂEıÁXC
[˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝Ã[˝ [˝Ó[˝c˜Á„Ã[˝Ã[˝ Y“„Ã^ÁLX XÁcÕ*
25.9.34
*
aÁW˝ÁÃ[˝S ]ÁX«„bÃ[˝ aÁ]„XÃ[˝ ◊VEıcÕ LÁG–Tˆ --- ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ AcÕ aÁ]„XÃ[˝ LÁG–Tˆ ËªJÙTˆXÓ
a◊TˆÓ a◊TˆÓ LÁG–Tˆ XÃ^, TˆÁc˜Á %◊[˝VÓÁY…SÔ, %p˚* TˆÁÃ[˝ ÂYªK˜„X Ã[˝„Ã^‰ªK˜ inner
beingAÃ[˝ Âl˘y --- Âa ªRÙÁEıÁ Ã[˝„Ã^‰ªK˜ Â^X H«]‹ôˆ* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ AcÕ %Á[˝Ã[˝SªRÙO› F«_„_
AcÕ ÂYªK˜„XÃ[˝ ËªJÙTˆXÓcÕ ÂFÁ_Á ÂVFÁ ^ÁÃ^, ÂacÕFÁ„XcÕ %Á„_Á `◊N˛ `Á◊‹ôˆ cÕTˆÓÁ◊V
Y“U] XÁ„]* ^Á [˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝Ã[˝ LÁG–Tˆ aw¯Á EıÃ[˝„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ XÁ, TˆÁc˜Á AcÕ ÂYªK˜„XÃ[˝
◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ aw¯Á ac˜„L EıÃ[˝„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝, \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ ◊V„Eı ◊[˝`üÎªJÙTˆ„XÓÃ[˝ ◊V„Eı ◊X„L„Eı
F«„_ ◊[˝`Á_ ]«N˛ÎªJÙTˆXÓ c˜„Ã^ Â^„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝*
25.9.34
*
^FX ÊªJÙTˆXÁ =Y„Ã[˝ =Pˆ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ `Ã[˝›Ã[˝„Eı %◊Tˆy‘] Eı„Ã[˝ --- Âa CPˆÁ Â^Á„GÃ[˝
AEıªRÙO› Y“W˝ÁX %Ü --- E«ıâ¯◊_X›C ÂacÕÃ[˝÷Y =Pˆ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝* E«ıâ¯◊_X› ÂEı≥V–◊ÿöˆTˆ
mä ËªJÙTˆ„XÓÃ[˝ `◊N˛ ªK˜ÁQÕˆÁ %ÁÃ[˝ ◊EıªK«˜ XÁcÕ*
29.9.34
*
a: [˝Á[˝Á, ac˜L ÿëˆÁ\ˆÁ◊[˝Eı\ˆÁ„[˝ ÂEı]X Eı„Ã[˝ ◊_F„Tˆ c˜Ã^ TˆÁ Tˆ %Á◊] LÁ◊X
XÁ* %Á]ÁÃ[˝ Â_FÁYQÕˆÁÃ[˝ ÂVÏQÕˆ ATˆªR«ÙOE«ı* %Á]ÁÃ[˝ \ˆÁ[˝Á„[˝G >àùÔ˘ ËªJÙTˆ„XÓÃ[˝ AcÕ
a]«VÃ^ ◊L◊Xbm„_Á„Eı Ã[˝÷Y ◊V„Ã^ \ˆÁbÁÃ[˝ ]W˝Ó ◊V„Ã^ A LG„Tˆ Y“EıÁ` EıÃ[˝„Tˆ
ªJÙÁÃ^*
=: p˚ÁX ^◊V %Á„a, TˆÁc˜ÁcÕ ^„UrÙ* Â_FÁÃ[˝ ◊Eı Y“„Ã^ÁLX*
29.9.34
*
%ÁW˝ÁÃ[˝ ^Tˆ Y◊Ã[˝õ ıTˆ c˜Ã^, TˆTˆcÕ \ˆÁ_ --- ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ aÁ◊~W˝Ó ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ C [˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝
Y“EıÁ` c˜„Tˆ YÁÃ[˝„[˝*
6.10.34
*
^◊V ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ a[˝ ◊PÊı c˜„Ã^ ^ÁÃ^, TˆÁc˜„_ [˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝Ã[˝ [˝ÁW˝Á ◊Eı EıÃ[˝„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝?
13.10.34
*
◊X„L„Eı ae^Tˆ Eı„Ã[˝ Ã[˝ÁFÁ --- EıÁ„Ã[˝Á ◊V„Eı %ÁEıbÔS c˜„Tˆ XÁ ÂVCÃ^Á, EıÁÃ[˝C
ªvital ªRÙOÁX„Eı Y“`“Ã^ XÁ ÂVCÃ^Á, ◊X„LC TˆÁÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ ◊EıªK«˜ ÂZı_„[˝ XÁ vital Â]Ác˜
[˝Á %ÁEıbÔS --- cÕc˜Á„EıcÕ [˝„_ ◊X„LÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó ◊PÊı UÁEıÁ*
16.10.34
*
a: TˆFX ATˆ %◊\ˆp˚TˆÁ XÁ◊]Ã^Á %Á◊aTˆ ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ `◊N˛ `Á◊‹ôˆ %Á„_ÁÃ[˝ a„Ü
--- AFX %ÁÃ[˝ %Á◊a„Tˆ‰ªK˜ XÁ ÂEıX? AFX £W˝« `Á◊‹ôˆ %ÁX≥V %Á& c˜Á XÁ◊]Ã^Á
UÁ„Eı --- ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ %X«\…ˆ◊Tˆ Tˆ %Á◊a_ XÁ*
=: ^FX ÊªJÙTˆXÁÃ[˝ ÂEıÁXC ÿôˆÃ[˝ =‰Pˆ ^ÁÃ[˝ a„Ü =Y„Ã[˝Ã[˝ a∂ëˆµ˘ AFXC ÿöˆÁ◊YTˆ
c˜Ã^ XÁ %U[˝Á [˝◊c˜fY“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝ AEıªRÙOÁ ÊPˆ_Á %Á„a ]XY“Á„SÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ %ÁÃ[˝ ]X Y“ÁS
TˆÁÃ[˝ [˝`›\…ˆTˆ c˜Ã^, TˆFX A Ã[˝Eı] %[˝ÿöˆÁ %Á„a --- A V«ªRÙO› EıÁÃ[˝„SÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó AEıªRÙO›
c˜„[˝*
30.10.34
*
%◊[˝VÓÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó ^Á UÁ„Eı Âa a[˝ AEı ◊[˝`ü ÈªJÙTˆ„XÓÃ[˝ ]„W˝ÓcÕ UÁ„Eı %Á„_Á
%µ˘EıÁ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ]Tˆ, TˆÁcÕ [˝„_ %Á„_Á %µ˘EıÁÃ[˝ Â^ a[˝cÕ a]ÁX TˆÁ XÃ^* %µ˘EıÁÃ[˝„Eı
[˝#¤X EıÃ[˝„Tˆ, %Á„_Á„Eı [˝Ã[˝S EıÃ[˝„Tˆ c˜Ã^*
3.11.34
*
c˜Ã^ psychic %ÁW˝Á„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ◊XÃ^Á]Eı (ruler, ªJÙÁ_Eı, YUY“V`ÔEı) c˜„Ã^ [˝«◊à˘ ]X

Y“ÁS `Ã[˝›Ã[˝-‰ªJÙTˆXÁ„Eı \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ ◊V„Eı =XΩ∆F EıÃ[˝„[˝, XÃ^ >àùÔ˘ ËªJÙTˆXÓ `Ã[˝›Ã[˝-
‰ªJÙTˆXÁ Y^ÔÓ‹ôˆ ÂX„] a]ÿôˆ %ÁW˝ÁÃ[˝„Eı VF_ EıÃ[˝„[˝, TˆÁc˜„_ ÿöˆ…_ ÊªJÙTˆXÁÃ^ `N˛
◊\ˆ◊w¯ c˜„Ã^ ^Á„[˝*
6.11.34
*
Â^ ÿöˆÁXªRÙO› [˝„_ªK˜ --- G_ÁÃ[˝ AEıªªR«ÙO X›‰ªJÙ Âa vital mindAÃ[˝ %ÁÃ[˝êˆ ---
ÂaFÁX ÂU„Eı vital beingAÃ[˝ will C ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ Â[˝„Ã[˝ÁÃ^*
7.11.34
*
a[˝cÕ ◊X\ˆ[Ã¤ ˝ Eı„[Ã ˝ psychicAÃ[˝ Y“ÁW˝Á„XÓÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ --- [˝◊c˜fY“Eı ◊Tˆ l«˘V– %c˜eEıÁ[Ã ˝
%ÁÃ[˝ [˝ÁaXÁ EıÁ]XÁ„Eı ªJÙ◊Ã[˝TˆÁUÔ EıÃ[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ [˝Óÿôˆ --- ]ÁXa Y«Ã[˝”b %Á±¡Á ◊X„Ã^
[˝Óÿôˆ --- ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ l«˘V– %c˜„]Ã[˝ TˆÁ„Tˆ ÂEıÁX T ˆ◊ä XÁcÕ, l«˘V–±ºˆ„EıcÕ ªJÙÁÃ^* psychic
\ˆG[˝ÁX„Eı ◊X„Ã^ [˝Óÿôˆ, a]YÔS TˆÁÃ[˝cÕ EıÁL --- AEı psychiccÕ [˝◊c˜fY“E ı◊Tˆ„Eı
[˝` EıÃ[˝„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝*
13.11.34
*
Y«Ã[˝”b ◊EıªK«˜cÕ Eı„Ã[˝X XÁ, Y“E ı◊Tˆ [˝Á `◊N˛cÕ a[˝ Eı„Ã[˝X* Tˆ„[˝ Y«Ã[˝”„bÃ[˝ cÕ¨K˜Á
XÁ c˜„_ ◊EıªK«˜cÕ c˜„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ XÁ, A ªTˆ LÁXÁ EıUÁ T«ˆ◊] EıFX Â`ÁX ◊X?
8.12.34
*
aÁW˝XÁÃ[˝ YU Tˆ ÂV◊F„Ã^ ◊V„Ã^◊ªK˜* ae^Tˆ c˜„Ã^ `Á‹ôˆ\ˆÁ„[˝ ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ `◊N˛Ã[˝ EıÁ‰ªK˜

◊X„L„Eı F«„_ VÁC, Âa `◊N˛Ã[˝ EıÁ„L a∂ˆÇ◊Tˆ VÁC, ◊X∂oˆ Y“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝ ÊY“Ã[˝SÁ„Eı
Y“TˆÓÁFÓÁX EıÃ[˝* [˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝ ◊X„L„Eı ◊[˝◊_„Ã^ ◊V„Ã^Á XÁ --- \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ LXÓcÕ ◊X„L„Eı
Y◊[˝y ÿëˆTˆ‹óˆ Ã[˝ÁF* ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ =YÃ[˝ ^◊V ÊY“] UÁ„Eı, Tˆ„[˝ Âa Â^X ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ÊY“]
Âc˜ÏEı, [˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝Ã[˝ XÃ^, Y“Á„SÃ[˝ %£à˘ ÊY“] XÃ^, [˝ÁaXÁ VÁ◊[˝Ã[˝ XÃ^ --- [˝ÁW˝Á„Eı
\ˆÃ^ Eı„Ã[˝Á XÁ --- ◊XÃ[˝Á`Á„Eı ÿöˆÁX ◊V„Ã^Á XÁ* ◊ÿöˆÃ[˝ `Á‹ôˆ \ˆÁ„[˝ aÁW˝XÁcÕ Eı„Ã[˝ ^ÁC,
Â`„b ^Á AFX `N˛, TˆÁ ac˜L c˜„Ã^ =Pˆ„[˝*
13.12.34
*
ÿoˆÁÃ^◊[˝Eı EıîXÁC %a«F a ◊rÙ EıÃ[˝„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝*

14.12.34
*
`Ã[˝›„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ÿoˆÁÃ^◊[˝Eı \ˆÁ„G (nervous systemA) `Á◊‹ôˆ C `◊N˛ XÁ[˝ÁX, AcÕ

ªK˜ÁQÕˆÁ =YÁÃ^ XÁcÕ nerves„Eı a[˝_ EıÃ[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝*
15.12.34
*
a: ]Á, %Á◊] Y“ÁSY„S ÊªJÙrÙÁ Eı◊Ã[˝ aÁÃ[˝Á ◊VXÃ[˝ÁTˆ X›Ã[˝[˝ ◊XL¤„X ÂEı[˝_ ÂTˆÁ]Á„Eı
◊X„Ã^ UÁEı„Tˆ --- ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ a[˝ a]Ã^ TˆÁ ÂY„Ã[˝ =◊Pˆ XÁ* ÊªJÙTˆXÁ %ÁW˝Á„Ã[˝ ÂX„] %Á„a
A[˝e [˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝Ã[˝ LG„Tˆ ªK˜◊QÕˆ„Ã^ Y‰QÕˆ*
=: [˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ◊V„Eı %ÁEıbÔS %Á‰ªK˜ [˝„_ --- Âa %ÁEıbÔS ATˆ ac˜„L ^ÁÃ^
XÁ*
18.12.34
*
F«[˝ `◊N˛Ã[˝ ªJÙÁ„Y ]ÁUÁ W˝Ã[˝Á c˜„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝, Tˆ„[˝ %a«„FÃ[˝ \ˆÁ[˝ c˜[˝ÁÃ[˝ EıUÁ XÁcÕ*
3.1.35
*
a: ]Á, ATˆ◊VX Y„Ã[˝ `◊N˛◊ªRÙO„Eı %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ]ÁUÁ A[˝e ÂVc˜ ◊[˝XÁEı‰rÙ W˝ÁÃ[˝S
EıÃ[˝„Tˆ al˘] c˜„Ã^‰ªK˜* a[˝ a]Ã^ Y“U] `◊N˛◊ªRÙO %ÁW˝Á„Ã[˝ XÁ][˝ÁÃ[˝ a]Ã^ AcÕÃ[˝Eı]
%◊G¬[Ã ˝ ]Tˆ c˜„^Ã XÁ„] ÂEıX? Â^]X [Ã ˝I¯◊Rª ÙO %Ám„XÃ[˝ XÓÁÃ^, ÂTˆ]◊X ÂTˆLC %Ám„XÃ[˝
XÓÁÃ^*
=: %£à˘TˆÁ ^◊V UÁ„Eı ]„X Y“Á„S [˝Á `Ã[˝›„Ã[˝, resistance ^◊V UÁ„Eı,
TˆÁc˜„_ %◊G¬Ã[˝ VÃ[˝EıÁÃ[˝ c˜Ã^*
5.1.35
*
◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ nearnesscÕ %Áa_ nearness --- ^ÁÃ[˝Á [˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝ ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ EıÁ‰ªK˜

EıÁ‰ªK˜ UÁ„Eı, TˆÁÃ[˝ÁcÕ Â^ near, AcÕ W˝ÁÃ[˝SÁ ◊]UÓÁ*
15.1.35
*
%a«Ã[˝Ã[˝Á Y„UÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó a[˝ a]Ã^ %Á‰ªK˜, Tˆ„[˝ ]ÁX«b Y“ÁÃ^cÕ ÊªJÙ„X XÁ --- ◊X∂oˆ
Y“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝ [˝„` Ã[˝„Ã^ TˆÁ„VÃ[˝ VÁa c˜„Ã^ UÁ„Eı*
19.1.35
*
YÁ„YÃ[˝ EıUÁ ÂEıX --- YÁY XÃ^, ]ÁX«„bÃ[˝ V«[[˝Ô_TˆÁ* %Á±¡Á a[[˝ÔVÁ £à˘,
psychic being (ËªJÙTˆÓY«Ã[˝”bC) £à˘, aÁW˝XÁ •ÁÃ[˝Á %‹ôˆÃ[˝TˆÁC (inner mind,
vital, physical) £à˘ c˜„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ %UªJÙ external being [˝◊c˜faw¯Á [˝◊c˜f-
Y“E ı◊Tˆ„Tˆ ÂacÕ ªJÙ◊Ã[˝‰yÃ[˝ Y«Ã[˝ÁTˆX V«[[˝Ô_TˆÁ %„XEı ◊VX Â_„G UÁEı„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝, a+…SÔ
£à˘ EıÃ[˝Á Eı◊PˆX* ªJÙÁcÕ complete sincerity, ªJÙÁcÕ V ªRÕÙTˆÁ C ÈW˝^ÔÓ,ª JÙÁcÕ aVÁLÁG–Tˆ
\ˆÁ[˝* Psychic being ^◊V in frontA UÁ„Eı, a[[˝ÔVÁ ÂL„G UÁ„Eı, Y“\ˆÁ[˝
◊[˝ÿôˆÁÃ[˝ Eı„Ã[˝, TˆÁc˜„_ \ˆÃ^ XÁcÕ, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ TˆÁ a[˝ a]„Ã^ c˜Ã^ XÁ* Ã[˝Ál˘a› ]ÁÃ^Á ÂacÕ
Y«[Ã ˝Á„XÁ weak point„VÃ[˝ W˝„[Ã ˝ ]X„Eı \«ˆ◊_„Ã^ Y“„[˝` Eı[Ã ˝[˝Á[Ã ˝ YU YÁÃ^* Y“„TˆÓEı[˝Á[Ã ˝
TˆÁ„VÃ[˝ TˆÁ◊QÕˆ„Ã^ ◊V„Ã^ YU ÂÃ[˝ÁW˝ EıÃ[˝„Tˆ c˜Ã^*
22.1.35
*
a: ]Á, %ÁL Eı„ÃÊı◊VX W˝„Ã[˝ ÿëˆ‰Y¬Ã[˝ ]„W˝Ó ÂVF◊ªK˜ Â^ %Á◊] a[˝ÁcÕ„Eı ÊªK˜‰QÕˆ
ªJÙ„_ ^Á◊¨K˜* Y«Ã[˝ÁTˆX a[˝ %Á±¡›„Ã^Ã[˝Á a^‰±Ûˆ %Á]Á„Eı ◊[˝VÁÃ^„\ˆÁLX EıÃ[˝Á‰¨K˜ %ÁÃ[˝
EgıÁV‰ªK˜* %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ]X Âa◊V„Eı XÁcÕ* a«≥VÃ[˝ a«≥VÃ[˝ XV›„Tˆ ÿoˆÁX EıÃ[˝◊ªK˜ %ÁÃ[˝ [˝µ˘Xc˜›X
AEıªRÙOÁ %ÁX„≥V Â^X ◊[˝„\ˆÁÃ[˝ c˜„Ã^ Ã[˝„Ã^◊ªK˜*

=: AcÕ a[˝ Y“ÁSLG„TˆÃ[˝ EıUÁ * ÂaFÁ„X Â^ %Á±¡›Ã^„VÃ[˝ ªRÙOÁX C a∂ëˆµ˘ ◊ªK˜_,
Âa ◊`◊U_ c˜„Ã^ ◊G„Ã^‰ªK˜ %ÁÃ[˝ A„Eı[˝Á„Ã[˝ [˝µ˘ c˜[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÈTˆÃ^ÁÃ[˝› c˜‰¨K˜* TˆÁÃ[˝ [˝V„_
aTˆÓ Y“Á„SÃ[˝ %ÁX≥V C ÂaÏ≥V^ÔÓ ÂTˆÁ]Á„Eı QˆÁEı‰ªK˜* ÿëˆ‰Y¬Ã[˝ %UÔ AcÕ*
23.1.35
*
^FX ÂEıÁXC AEıRª ÙÁO `◊N˛ %ÁW˝Á„Ã[˝ XÁ„], TˆFX receive Eı[Ã ˝[˝Á[Ã ˝ difficulty[Ã ˝
VÃ[˝”X Eı+ C %Á„_ÁQÕˆX c˜Ã^* `Á‹ôˆ c˜„Ã^ UÁEı„_, a√º¯m◊_ F«„_ ◊V„_ %ÁW˝ÁÃ[˝
absorb C assimilate EıÃ[˝„Tˆ %ÁÃ[˝êˆ Eı„Ã[˝*
26.1.35
*
a: ]Á, AFX H«„], W˝ÓÁ„X %U[˝Á aÁW˝ÁÃ[˝S %[˝ÿöˆÁÃ^ c˜PˆÁd ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ [˝Á EıîXÁÃ[˝
]„W˝Ó %Á]ÁÃ[˝ F«[˝ =YEıÁÃ[˝› [˝Á %Á±¡›Ã^ ]ÁX«b ÂEı= %Á„a* %Á◊] TˆÁ„Eı ◊ªJÙX„Tˆ
YÁ◊Ã[˝ XÁ; %U[˝Á ÂEıÁX ◊L◊Xb [˝Á AEı◊ªRÙO V `Ó ÂV◊F ^ÁÃ[˝ a∂ëˆ„µ˘ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ÂEıÁX
W˝ÁÃ[˝SÁcÕ ÂXcÕ* ÂEı]X %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÂacÕ ]ÁX«b◊ªRÙO„Eı ]ÁX«b C [˝ÿô«ˆ◊ªRÙO„Eı [˝ÿô«ˆ [˝„_ ]„X
c˜Ã^ XÁ*
=: %„XEı[˝ÁÃ[˝ ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ◊EıªK«˜ ÂacÕÃ[˝÷Y %ÁE ı◊Tˆ W˝„Ã[˝ ÂVFÁ ÂVÃ^ [˝‰ªRÙO --- ÿëˆ‰Y¬
[˝Á W˝ÓÁ„X* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ Âaa[˝ Tˆ [˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ◊L◊Xb XÃ^, ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ÂEıÁXC XÁ ÂEıÁXC
◊L◊X„bÃ[˝ a…ªJÙXÁ ◊V„Tˆ %Á„a*
26.1.35
*
a: ]Á, ÂVFÁ AEı◊ªRÙO ◊L◊Xb ---- %X«\ˆ[˝ EıÃ[˝Á %XÓ ◊L◊Xb A[˝e [˝«MıÁ ◊\ˆ~
◊L◊Xb* %Á◊] W˝ÓÁ„X %U[˝Á [˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝ ^Á ÂV◊F TˆÁ c˜÷V„Ã^ Â[˝ÁW˝ Eı◊Ã[˝, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ [˝«◊Mı
XÁ, ]Á*
=: TˆÁÃ[˝ LXÓ p˚Á„XÃ[˝ ◊[˝ÿôˆÁÃ[˝ ªJÙÁcÕ* Âa p˚ÁX y‘„] ◊\ˆTˆÃ[˝ ÂU„Eı [˝Á =YÃ[˝
ÂU„Eı %Áa‰ªTˆ YÁ„Ã[˝*
26.1.35
*
^FX ]XY“ÁS ªK«˜‰ªRÙOÁªK«˜◊ªRÙO Eı„Ã[˝ [˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝, TˆFX ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ÂEıÁXC Y«Ã[˝”„bÃ[˝ EıUÁ
£X„[˝ ÂEı]X Eı„Ã[˝? c˜Ã^ [˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ÂEıÁ_Ác˜„_ Âa EıUÁ ÂU„] ^ÁÃ^, XÁ [c˜Ã^]
Â`ÁXÁ ^ÁÃ^ XÁ* Tˆ„[˝ A]X %[˝ÿöˆÁ %ÁX„Tˆ c˜Ã^ ^ÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó ^FX [˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ÂEıÁ_Ác˜_
c˜Ã^, TˆFXC ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ Y«Ã[˝”b aLÁG c˜„Ã^ UÁ„Eı, c˜Ã^ %◊[˝ªJÙ◊_Tˆ c˜„Ã^ ÂV„F UÁ„Eı,
XÃ^ %Á‰ÿôˆ %Á‰ÿôˆ TˆÁÃ[˝ Y“\ˆÁ[˝ ◊[˝ÿôˆÁÃ[˝ Eı„Ã[˝ C [˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ÂEıÁ_Ác˜_„Eı UÁ◊]„Ã^
ÂVÃ^*
◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ Y«Ã[˝”b %„XEı UÁ„Eı* %Á‰ªK˜ psychic being ËªJÙTˆÓY«Ã[˝”b, %Á‰ªK˜
◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ]„XÁ]Ã^ Y«Ã[˝”b, ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ Y“ÁSY«Ã[˝”b, ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ physical Y«Ã[˝”b* =Y„Ã[˝
%Á‰ªK˜ ÂEı≥V–›Ã^ aw¯Á --- AcÕ aEı_ TˆÁÃ[˝cÕ XÁXÁX %ÁE ı◊Tˆ* ÊªJÙTˆXÁÃ[˝ ◊[˝EıÁ„` AcÕ
aEı_„Eı ÊªJÙXÁ ^ÁÃ^*
26.1.35
*
PhysicalAÃ[˝ ÂEı≥V– Â]Ã[˝”V„â¯Ã[˝ Â`b\ˆÁ„G, ^Á„Eı ]…_ÁW˝ÁÃ[˝ [˝„_, ÂaFÁ„X

--- Tˆ„[˝ Y“ÁÃ^cÕ ÂVFÁ ÂVÃ^ XÁ, TˆÁÃ[˝ presence %X«\ˆ[˝ EıÃ[˝Á ^ÁÃ^*
29.1.35
*
A Tˆ Y“ÁS]Ã^ Y«Ã[˝”b, emotional vitalA %◊W˝◊úˆTˆ* Y“ÁS]Ã^ Y«Ã[˝”„bÃ[˝ ◊TˆXªRÙO›

ÿôˆÃ[˝ %Á‰ªK˜ --- c˜÷V„Ã^, XÁ◊\ˆ„Tˆ, XÁ◊\ˆÃ[˝ X›‰ªJÙ* c˜÷V„Ã^ Âa c˜Ã^ emotional being,
XÁ◊\ˆ„Tˆ [˝ÁaXÁ]Ã^, XÁ◊\ˆÃ[˝ X›‰ªJÙ sensational %UÔÁd cÕ◊≥V–„Ã^Ã[˝ ªRÙOÁX C l«˘V– l«˘V–
Y“Á„SÃ[˝ \ˆÁ[˝ ◊X„Ã^ [˝Óÿôˆ*
29.1.35
*
ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ %X«\…ˆ◊Tˆ F«[˝ \ˆÁ_ --- =Y„Ã[˝Ã[˝ `◊N˛Ã[˝ ªJÙy‘ (EıÁ^ÔÓEıÃ[˝›-G◊Tˆ) XÁ]‰ªK˜
X›ªJÙ Y“E ı◊Tˆ„Eı %Á„_Á◊EıTˆ C a‰ªJÙTˆX EıÃ[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ, %ÁÃ[˝ A◊V„Eı ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ EıÁ„^ÔÓÃ[˝
LXÓ ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ higher vital Y«Ã[˝”b aÁ]„X A„a‰ªK˜ --- %Á]Ã[˝Á ^Á„Eı [˝◊_ true
vital being*
ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ EıÁL ÂV„F ]Á F«[˝ a‹ô«ˆ rÙ c˜„Ã^‰ªK˜X* ÂEıÁX \ˆÃ^ ÂXcÕ --- %c˜eEıÁÃ[˝
cÕTˆÓÁ◊V„Eı ÿöˆÁX XÁ ◊V„Ã^ aÃ[˝_\ˆÁ„[˝ ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ EıÁL Eı„Ã[˝ ^ÁC, a[˝◊V„Eı =~◊ªTˆ c˜„Ã^
^Á„[˝*
18.4.35
*
AcÕ a[˝ difficulties aÁW˝XÁÃ^ c˜^Ã cÕ --- ◊[˝„`b Y“Á„S C `Ã[˝›„Ã[˝ --- aÁ]taÓ
c˜CÃ^Á Y^ÔÓ‹ôˆ* Âa aÁ]taÓ %Á„a (1) psychic aw¯ÁÃ[˝ %Á◊W˝YTˆÓ ^FX ÿöˆÁ◊YTˆ
c˜Ã^ ]X Y“ÁS `Ã[˝›„Ã[˝Ã[˝ =YÃ[˝, (2) >àùÔ˘ÎªJÙTˆ„XÓÃ[˝ `Á◊‹ôˆ C Y◊[˝yTˆÁ ^FX =YÃ[˝
ÂU„Eı ÂX„[˝ a]ÿôˆ beingA --- ◊XVÁX a]ÿôˆ inner beingA ◊[˝`Á_ %ªRÙO_\ˆÁ„[˝
ÿöˆÁ◊YTˆ c˜„Ã^ ^ÁÃ^*
10.6.35
*
EıÁ„LÃ[˝ LXÓ, aÁW˝XÁÃ[˝ LXÓ `Ã[˝›„Ã[˝Ã[˝ \ˆÁ_ %[˝ÿöˆÁ ªJÙÁcÕ*

20.6.35
*
QˆÁN˛ÁÃ[˝ Fg«L‰ªK˜ --- EıÁÃ[˝S ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ `Ã[˝›„Ã[˝ A]X ◊EıªK«˜ ÂVÁb YÁ‰¨K˜ XÁ ^Á„Tˆ
Aa[˝ ÿëˆ\ˆÁ[˝Tˆf c˜Ã^* ...^ÁcÕ Âc˜ÏEı ATˆ =Tˆ_Á c˜[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÂEıÁXC EıÁÃ[˝S XÁcÕ* Â^Á„GÃ[˝
aÁW˝Eı T«ˆ◊], ^Á c˜Ã^ TˆÁ `Á‹ôˆ %◊[˝ªJÙ◊_Tˆ ]„X ÂV„F \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ ◊X\ˆ¤Ã[˝ Eı„Ã[˝
Â^ÁGY„U %G–aÃ[˝ c˜C* cÕc˜ÁcÕ AcÕ Y„UÃ[˝ %ÁÃ[˝ Y“ÁÃ^ a[˝ Â^ÁGY„UÃ[˝ ◊XÃ^]*
21.6.35
*
a: ]Á, GTˆÃ[˝Á‰y ÂVF_Á] Y“EıÁâ¯ [˝ÁGÁ„X AEı◊ªRÙO ‚—˜V, ‚—˜„VÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó %„XEı-
m„_Á aÁY ÂF_Á EıÃ[˝‰ªK˜* ÂaFÁ„X AEı◊ªRÙO aYÔÁE ı◊Tˆ [˝ c˜d L‹ô«ˆ ]ÿôÊıc˜›X; ]ÿôˆ„EıÃ[˝
Y◊Ã[˝[˝„wÔ¯ [˝QÕˆ \ˆ›bS AEıFÁ◊X ]«F C V«cÕYÁ◊ªRÙO VÒÁTˆ* L_Á`„Ã^ _«◊Eı„Ã^ ◊ªK˜_,
c˜PˆÁd =‰Pˆ ÂaÁLÁ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ◊V„Eı AEıª◊ªRÙO [˝QÕˆ cg˜Á Eı„Ã[˝ G–Áa EıÃ[˝ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ %Áa‰ªK˜*
%Á◊] VÒÁ≈◊QÕˆ„Ã^ ÂVF◊ªK˜ CÃ[˝ ÂY‰ªRÙOÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó %Á„Ã[˝Á EıTˆ L‹ô«ˆ %Á‰ªK˜* %Á]ÁÃ[˝ EıÁ‰ªK˜
%ÁaÁÃ[˝ %Á„GcÕ AEı◊ªRÙO %a«Ã[˝ÁE ı◊Tˆ L›[˝ %ÁYXÁ%ÁY◊X Â^X CÃ[˝ ]«„F YQÕˆ_
--- TˆFX Âa %ÁÃ[˝ A_ XÁ, %ÁYXÁ%ÁY◊X ◊Y◊ªK˜„Ã^ YQÕˆ_* %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ]„X c˜_
%Á]ÁÃ[˝ Y“Á„SÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó %£à˘ `◊N˛ _«EıÁ„Ã^ %Á‰ªK˜* %ÁL %Á◊] ÂTˆÁ]Á„Eı QˆÁEı◊ªK˜
[˝„_ %Á]Á„Eı G–Áa EıÃ[˝„Tˆ A„aC G–Áa EıÃ[˝„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝◊X*
=: ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ [˝ÓÁFÓÁ ◊PÊı --- ‚—˜V c˜_ ◊X∂oˆY“ÁS --- ÂaFÁ„X %„XEım„_Á ÊªK˜ÁªRÙO
ÊªK˜ÁªRÙO ◊X∂oˆY“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝ `◊N˛ %Á‰ªK˜ --- ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ TˆÁ„VÃ[˝ X›‰ªJÙ %[˝‰ªJÙTˆXÁÃ[˝ a[[˝ÔG–Áa› AEı
TˆÁ]a `◊N˛ %Á‰ªK˜ Â^ a[˝ G–Áa Eı„Ã[˝, aÁW˝Eı„Eı C aÁW˝XÁ„Eı G–Áa EıÃ[˝„Tˆ %Á„a*
TˆÁÃ[˝ ]«„F ◊X„LÃ[˝ %Áa«◊Ã[˝Eı [˝ ◊w¯ ^Tˆ ^◊V Y‰QÕˆ (W[˝ea c˜„Ã^ ^ÁÃ^), TˆFX %ÁÃ[˝
Âa Tˆ]f aÁW˝Eı„Eı G–Áa EıÃ[˝„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ XÁ*
1.7.35
*
^◊V ]ÁÃ[˝ ◊V„Eı, =Y„Ã[˝[Ã ˝ ◊V„Eı a[˝a]Ã^ ]XY“ÁS„Eı turned Eı„Ã[˝ [Ã ˝ÁF, TˆÁc˜„_
X›‰ªJÙÃ[˝ ◊V„Eı Ã[˝Ál˘a [˝Á %ÁÃ[˝ ÂEıc˜ ÂTˆÁ]Á„Eı ÊªRÙO„X ◊X„Tˆ YÁÃ[˝„[˝ XÁ*
4.7.35
*
A aEı_ Y“ÁSLG„TˆÃ[˝ ÿëˆY¬* ÂaFÁ„X ◊X„LÃ[˝ [˝Á Â_Á„EıÃ[˝ ÊY“Ã[˝SÁ, ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ,

[˝ÁaXÁ %ÁÃ[˝ ^Tˆ \ˆÁ_ [˝Á FÁÃ[˝ÁY `◊N˛Ã[˝ ªJÙ◊Ã[˝TˆÁUÔ c˜[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÊªJÙrÙÁ XÁXÁÃ[˝Eı] %ÁEıÁÃ[˝
G–c˜S Eı„Ã[˝ --- ÿëˆ‰Y¬ Âa a[˝ ÂVFÁ ÂVÃ^ Â^X aTˆÓcÕ c˜‰¨K˜*
22.7.35
*
A a[˝ EıÁ~Á ◊ªJÙdEıÁÃ[˝ \ˆÁ„[˝Ã[˝ =„w¯LXÁ aÁW˝XÁÃ[˝ Y„U \ˆÁ_ XÃ^, A a[˝ ÊªK˜‰QÕˆ
◊V„Tˆ c˜Ã^* ◊XÃ[˝c˜·¯ÁÃ[˝ \ˆÁ[˝, ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ `Á◊‹ôˆ, `Á‹ôˆ a]YÔS, AcÕ c˜‰¨K˜ Â^ÁGaÁW˝XÁÃ[˝
◊\ˆ◊w¯* EıÁ„LC ÂacÕ \ˆÁ[˝cÕ ªJÙÁcÕ*
25.10.35
*
^◊V `Á‹ôˆ ]XY“ÁS ªJÙÁC Tˆ a[˝ VÁ[˝› %Á[˝VÁÃ[˝ %c˜e \ˆÁ„[˝Ã[˝ [˝ ◊w¯ %◊Tˆy‘]
EıÃ[˝„Tˆ c˜Ã^* `Á‹ôˆ ]XY“ÁScÕ aÁW˝XÁÃ[˝ =~◊TˆÃ[˝ ]«FÓ ac˜ÁÃ^*
26.10.35
*
AEı]Áy YU %Á‰ªK˜ Y“Á„SÃ[˝ [˝` XÁ c˜„Ã^ ◊XÃ[˝c˜·¯ÁÃ[˝\ˆÁ„[˝ EıÁL EıÃ[˝Á C

psychicAÃ[˝ aÁW˝XÁ EıÃ[˝Á*
23.12.35
*
Y“„TˆÓEı Y«[Ã ˝”„bÃ[˝ ÿöˆÁ^Ã › %[˝ÿˆö ÁX TˆÁ[Ã ˝ ◊X„LÃ[˝ ÂEı‰≥V– [˝Á Âl˘‰y --- ËªJÙTˆÓY«[Ã ˝”„bÃ[˝
G\ˆ›Ã[˝ c˜÷V„Ã^, Y“ÁSY«Ã[˝”„bÃ[˝ c˜÷V„Ã^ XÁ◊\ˆ„Tˆ [˝Á TˆÁÃ[˝ X›‰ªJÙÃ[˝ Â^ ÂEı≥V– ÂaFÁ„X*
%U[˝Á a]ÿôˆ Y“ÁSY«Ã[˝”b„Eı AcÕ a]ÿôˆ Y“ÁS„l˘y [˝ÓÁä Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á %X«\ˆ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝*
]…_ÁW˝Á„Ã[˝Ã[˝ =YÃ[˝cÕ Y“ÁS„l˘‰yÃ[˝ Â`b, ]…_ÁW˝ÁÃ[˝ ÂU„Eı YÁ Y^ÔÓ‹ôˆ %~]Ã^ (physi-
cal) Y«Ã[˝”„bÃ[˝ Âl˘y, ]…_ÁW˝Á„Ã[˝ TˆÁÃ[˝ [˝a[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÿöˆÁX* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ^FX Â^Á„GÃ[˝ %\ˆÓÁa
c˜Ã^ TˆFX ◊X‰∂oˆÃ[˝ ÊªJÙTˆXÁ =Y„Ã[˝ =Pˆ„Tˆ _Á„G --- Â^]X Y“ÁS‰ªJÙTˆXÁ ---- ÂVF◊ªK˜
c˜÷V„Eı≥V– C TˆÁÃ[˝ ◊XEıªRÙOÿöˆ %e` ÂU„Eı a]ÿôˆ =Y„Ã[˝Ã[˝ Y“ÁS‰ªJÙTˆXÁ =‰Pˆ ^Á‰¨K˜,
]ÁUÁÃ[˝ =Y„Ã[˝ >àùÔ˘ ÊªJÙTˆXÁÃ[˝ a„Ü ◊]◊_Tˆ c˜‰¨K˜* AÃ[˝ a„Ü Y“ÁSY«Ã[˝”b Â^FÁ„X
=Pˆ‰ªK˜, TˆÁC %X«\ˆ[˝ EıÃ[˝„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝* AÃ[˝ =„Å`Ó AcÕ Â^ CFÁ„X =‰Pˆ %W˝ÓÁ„±¡Ã[˝
a„Ü ^«N˛ c˜Ã^, %W˝ÓÁ„±¡Ã[˝ ÿëˆ\ˆÁ„[˝Ã[˝ a„Ü Y“ÁSÿëˆ\ˆÁ„[˝Ã[˝ ◊]_ c˜Ã^, Â`„b >àùÔ˘‰ªJÙTˆXÁ
X›‰ªJÙ ÂX„] a]ÿôˆ Y“ÁS‰ªJÙTˆXÁ Y“ÁSY“Eı ◊Tˆ„Eı %◊W˝EıÁ[Ã ˝ Eı„[Ã ˝, \ˆÁG[˝Tˆ ËªJÙTˆ„XÓ Y◊Ã[˝STˆ
Eı„Ã[˝* AcÕ c˜‰¨K˜ Â^Á„GÃ[˝ ◊XÃ^]*
10.1.36
*
a: ]Á, aÁÃ[˝Á◊VX a[˝◊EıªK«˜Ã[˝ ◊\ˆTˆÃ[˝ ◊V„Ã^ ÂVF◊ªK˜ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ XÁ◊\ˆ c˜„Tˆ AEı◊ªRÙO
◊L◊Xb [˝«„Eı =‰Pˆ ]ÁX«„bÃ[˝ Âÿoˆ„c˜Ã[˝ EıUÁ ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ EıÃ[˝‰ªK˜, ]ÁX«„bÃ[˝ \ˆÁ_[˝ÁaÁÃ^ %Á]Á„Eı
=‡ˆÁ◊aTˆ Eı„Ã[˝ T«ˆ_‰ªK˜* ]ÁUÁ c˜‰ªTˆ %ÁÃ[˝ AEı◊ªRÙO ◊L◊Xb ÂX„] [˝«„Eı A„a \ˆG[˝ÁX„Eı
YÁCÃ^ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ \ˆG[˝d \ˆÁ_[˝ÁaÁÃ[˝ %ÁEıÁIl˘ÁÃ^ a]ÿôˆ ◊EıªK«˜„Eı a„TˆL Eı„Ã[˝ T«ˆ_‰ªK˜*
...◊Eı c˜„Ã^‰ªK˜, ]Á?
=: ^Á =‰Pˆ Y“ÁS ÂU„Eı, TˆÁ ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ aÁW˝XÁÃ^ AEıªRÙO› Y“W˝ÁX [˝ÁW˝Á, ]ÁX«„bÃ[˝
ÊY“] C \ˆÁ_[˝ÁaÁÃ[˝ %ÁEıbÔS --- =Y„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ÂU„Eı XÁ][˝ÁÃ[˝ ÊªJÙrÙÁ Eı„Ã[˝ TˆÁÃ[˝ =‰∑ªRÙOÁ
\ˆÁ[˝, \ˆÁG[˝Tˆ \ˆÁ_[˝ÁaÁ YÁCÃ^ÁÃ[˝ %Á& c˜Á --- A [˝QÕˆ &rÙ %X«\…ˆ◊Tˆ, TˆÁ„Tˆ
A]X ◊EıªK«˜ XÁcÕ Â^ Â[˝ÁMıÁ Eı◊PˆX*
11.3.36
*
a: %ÁL ◊[˝EıÁ„_ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ]ÁUÁÃ[˝ aÁ]„X ÂVF_Á] F«[˝ EıÁ„_Á ªJÙT«ˆπYV AEı◊ªRÙO
◊[˝Ã[˝ÁªRÙO L‹ô«ˆ; Âa◊ªRÙO %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ◊YªK˜X◊VEı ÂU„Eı A_* TˆÁÃ[˝ ◊L\ˆ XQÕˆ◊ªK˜_ A[˝e G_Á
CPˆÁXÁ]Á EıÃ[˝◊ªK˜_ FÁ[˝Á„Ã[˝Ã[˝ LXÓ* %Á◊] Y“ÁSY„S ÂTˆÁ]Á„Eı QˆÁEı„Tˆ _ÁG_Á],
TˆÁÃ[˝YÃ[˝ L‹ô«ˆ◊ªRÙO %‹ôˆ◊c˜¤Tˆ c˜„Ã^ ÂG_*
=: %UÔÁd AEıªRÙO› ◊X∂oˆ Y“ÁS`◊N˛ ^Á„Eı T«ˆ◊] %Ác˜ÁÃ[˝ ◊V„Tˆ %\ˆÓÿôˆ*
21.4.36
*
[EıÁ„]Ã[˝ Y“„EıÁY a+„EÔı]

`Ã[˝›Ã[˝ ÊªJÙTˆXÁ„Eı purify EıÃ[˝„_ A a[˝ ^Á„[˝, %XÓUÁ ^ÁCÃ^Á Eı◊PˆX*
29.5.36
*
a: ]Á, AEı◊VX ÂVF_Á] %Á]ÁÃ[˝ AEı [˝daÃ[˝ [˝Ã^ïı ◊`£◊ªRÙO F«[˝cÕ Y›◊QÕˆTˆ*
%Á◊] TˆÁÃ[˝ ◊ªJÙ◊EıdaÁÃ[˝ LXÓ Y◊[˝yÃ[˝ EıÁ‰ªK˜ ÂG◊ªK˜ A[˝e Âa ÂÃ[˝ÁG›Ã[˝ %[˝ÿöˆÁ %Á]Á„Eı
Y◊Ã[˝õıÁÃ[˝ Eı„Ã[˝ [˝«◊Mı„Ã^ ◊V_ A[˝e ÂV◊F„Ã^ ◊V_* TˆÁÃ[˝YÃ[˝ AEı◊VX ÂVF_Á] ◊`£◊ªRÙO
\ˆ›bS Y›QÕˆÁÃ^ ]„Ã[˝ ÂG_* ÂEıÁXÀ ◊`£„Eı ÂV◊F ]Á? %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ◊X„LÃ[˝ Â^ ◊`£ ◊ªK˜_
Âa ÂTˆÁ AFX V`-AGÁÃ[˝ [˝ªK˜„Ã[˝Ã[˝ c˜„Ã^‰ªK˜* %ÁÃ[˝ ^◊V ËªJÙTˆÓY«Ã[˝”b [˝„_ W˝◊Ã[˝, Tˆ„[˝
Âa ]Ã[˝„[˝ ÂEıX --- Âa Tˆ ]„Ã[˝ XÁ*
=: A Tˆ psychic being XÃ^*, Y“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝ =dY~ %ÁÃ[˝ ◊EıªK«˜ ^Á ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝
◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ ]„Ã[˝ ÂG_*
7.7.36
*
a: ]Á, %Á]ÁÃ[˝ Â^ÁGY„UÃ[˝ ^Tˆ [˝ÁW˝Á, ◊]UÓÁÃ[˝ %Á[˝Ã[˝S c˜„Tˆ Y“Á„SÃ[˝ [˝ÁW˝Á
c˜„Tˆ ◊X„L„Eı ]«N˛ EıÃ[˝„Tˆ ªJÙÁcÕ --- YÁ◊Ã[˝ XÁ* TˆÁÃ[˝Á %Á]ÁÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ %Á◊W˝YTˆÓ
◊[˝ÿôˆÁÃ[˝ Eı„Ã[˝* ÂEı]X Eı„Ã[˝ ]X Y“ÁS C ÂVc˜ ËªJÙTˆXÓ„Eı Y◊Ã[˝õıÁÃ[˝ C Y◊[˝y EıÃ[˝„Tˆ
YÁÃ[˝[˝, ÂV◊F„Ã^ VÁC*
=: AcÕ %[˝ÿöˆÁ c˜„Tˆ Y◊Ã[˝yÁ„SÃ[˝ =YÁÃ^ AcÕ --- aÃ[˝_ &rÙ\ˆÁ„[˝ [˝«◊à˘Ã[˝ a[˝
* %&rÙ YÁPˆ*
\«ˆ_, Y“Á„SÃ[˝ a[˝ ÂVÁb ◊ªJÙ„X ÂXCÃ^Á, ◊X„LÃ[˝ EıÁ‰ªK˜, ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ EıÁ‰ªK˜ XÁ _«EıÁ„Ã^
%Á„_Á„Tˆ T«ˆ„_ W˝Ã[˝Á, Y“TˆÓÁFÓÁX EıÃ[˝Á ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ `◊N˛„Eı ÂQˆ„Eı* AEı◊V„X AªRÙOÁ aZı_
c˜Ã^ XÁ, EıÁÃ[˝S Y“ÁS]X resist EıÃ[˝„[˝cÕ, Y“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝ Y«Ã[˝ÁTˆX %\ˆÓÁa ac˜„L ^ÁÃ^
XÁ* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ sincere will ^◊V UÁ„Eı %ÁÃ[˝ TˆÁÃ[˝ a„Ü perseverence, y‘„] ac˜L
c˜„Ã^ ^ÁÃ^ %ÁÃ[˝ Â`„b Y…SÔ aZı_TˆÁ c˜Ã^*
10.7.36
*
ÂVc˜ Y“ÁS %]XcÕ ÿëˆ¨K˜ c˜Ã^ XÁ --- aÁW˝XÁ •ÁÃ[˝Á %Á±¡ae^] •ÁÃ[˝Á Y“ÁS„Eı
Y◊[˝y EıÃ[˝„Tˆ c˜Ã^ --- Y“ÁS ÿëˆ¨K˜ c˜„_, ÂV„c˜Ã[˝ %„XEı ÂÃ[˝ÁGEı‰rÙÃ[˝ =Y`] c˜Ã^*
11.7.36
*
a: ]Á, [˝«◊à˘Ã[˝ \«ˆ_ a∂ëˆ„µ˘ T«ˆ◊] ^Á ◊_„FªK˜ TˆÁ %Á◊] W˝Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁÃ[˝◊ªK˜ XÁ* ]X
Y“ÁS aÁW˝XY„U [˝ÁW˝Á ÂVÃ^ [˝„_ LÁXTˆÁ] --- ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ [˝«◊à˘Ã[˝ Â^ ÂVÁb %Á‰ªK˜ A[˝e
[˝«◊à˘ Â^ \ˆÁG[˝Tˆ Y„U ªJÙ_„Tˆ [˝ÁW˝Á ÂVÃ^ TˆÁ Tˆ LÁXTˆÁ] XÁ*
=: [˝«◊à˘ ^FX Y“Á„SÃ[˝ }Á◊‹ôˆ„Eı a]UÔX Eı„Ã[˝, %c˜·¯ÁÃ[˝„Eı a]UÔX Eı„Ã[˝, \«ˆ_
%[˝TˆÃ[˝„SÃ[˝ LXÓ justifying reasons Fg«„L =Y◊ÿöˆTˆ Eı„Ã[˝, ◊]UÓÁ EıîXÁ„Eı
%Á`“Ã^ ÂVÃ^, A a[˝cÕ [˝«◊à˘Ã[˝ \«ˆ_* %ÁÃ[˝C %„XEı %Á‰ªK˜* ]ÁX«„bÃ[˝ [˝«◊à˘ %„XEı
Ã[˝Eı] %aTˆÓ„Eı ÿöˆÁX ÂVÃ^*
11.7.36
*
%‹ôˆ„[Ã ˝[Ã ˝ G\ˆ›[Ã ˝Tˆ] Y“„V„` Q«ˆ„[˝ UÁEıÁ F«[˝ \ˆÁ_ ◊Eı‹ˆ«ô ÂaFÁX ÂU„Eı EıÁLEı∂ˆÇCÔ
Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ aÁ]UÔÓ develop EıÃ[˝„Tˆ c˜Ã^*
15.9.36
*
^FX ÿëˆ\ˆÁ„[˝ ÂVÁb ÂV„FªK˜ TˆFX TˆÁ„Tˆ %ÁÃ[˝ aÁÃ^ XÁ ◊V„Ã^ ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ `◊N˛„Eı
ÂQˆ„Eı ÿëˆ\ˆÁ[˝ ÂU„Eı ÂZı„_ VÁC* aÁW˝Eı„VÃ[˝ ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ %X«\…ˆ◊Tˆ UÁEı„_C [˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝Ã[˝
ÿëˆ\ˆÁ[˝ [˝V_ÁÃ^ XÁ, AcÕ c˜‰¨K˜ a[˝ %£„\ˆÃ[˝ ]…_ EıÁÃ[˝S* AcÕ ◊V„EıcÕ _l˘Ó C
ÊªJÙrÙÁ ◊[˝„`b turn EıÃ[˝Á AFX =◊ªJÙTˆ aEı„_Ã[˝*
24.9.36
*
]ÁX«b]Á‰ycÕ AcÕ a[˝ `◊N˛Ã[˝ Y“\ˆÁ[˝ %Á‰ªK˜* A `◊N˛m◊_ ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝

XÃ^, TˆÁÃ[˝Á ◊[˝`üY“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝ ◊X∂oˆ force, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ TˆÁ„VÃ[˝ Y“\ˆÁ[˝ aEı„_Ã[˝ ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝* ^Tˆ◊VX
◊X„LÃ[˝ ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ Ââ[˝ wrong movement %Á‰ªK˜, Âaa[˝ ◊ªJÙ◊X XÁ, acknowl-
edge EıÃ[˝„Tˆ ªJÙÁcÕ XÁ TˆTˆ◊VX AcÕ Y“\ˆÁ[˝ c˜„Tˆ ]«N˛ c˜CÃ^Á Eı◊PˆX* ^◊V ÊªJÙXÁ
^ÁÃ^, TˆÁc˜„_ ]«N˛ c˜CÃ^ÁÃ[˝ aêˆÁ[˝XÁ c˜Ã^* Tˆ„[˝ ◊[˝ªJÙ◊_Tˆ XÁ c˜„Ã^ V ªRÕÙ\ˆÁ„[˝ ÂV„F
reject EıÃ[˝Á =◊ªJÙTˆ* ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ `◊N˛„Eı ÂQˆ„Eı a[˝ a◊Ã[˝„Ã^ ◊V„Tˆ c˜Ã^*
13.10.36
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ËªJÙTˆÓY«Ã[˝”b, %‹ôˆÃ[˝Á±¡Á, a…©øaw¯Á Â^ ]XY“ÁS cÕTˆÓÁ◊V„Eı W˝ÁÃ[˝S Eı„Ã[˝ %Á‰ªK˜,

AcÕ a[˝ Tˆ AEıcÕ, psychic being --- %Á±¡ÁÃ[˝ ÿöˆÁX Â]Ã[˝”V„â¯Ã[˝ ]„W˝Ó XÃ^
--- %Á±¡Á Tˆ a[[˝Ô[˝ÓÁY›, aEı„_Ã[˝ %Á±¡Á AEı*
17.7.37
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XÁ FÁCÃ^Á Â^ %ÁW˝ÓÁ◊≈±¡EıTˆÁÃ[˝ AEıªRÙO› %Ü, A W˝ÁÃ[˝SÁ \«ˆ_* Â_Á\ˆ UÁEı„[˝

XÁ, Â_Á„\ˆÃ[˝ LXÓ FÁ„[˝ XÁ, Y“„Ã^ÁL„XÃ[˝ Â[˝`› FÁ„[˝ XÁ AcÕ ◊XÃ^]m„_Á %[˝`Ó
YÁ_X Eı[Ã ˝„Tˆ c˜^Ã --- ◊Eı‹ˆ«ô `Ã[˝›„Ã[˝[Ã ˝ Y„l˘ ^Á VÃ[˝EıÁ[Ã ˝ TˆÁ ÂF„Tˆ c˜^Ã * G›TˆÁ^Ã [˝„_
F«[˝ Â[˝`› ÂF„_ Â^ÁG Eı[Ã ˝Á ^ÁÃ^ XÁ, XÁ ÂF„Ã^, F«[˝ Eı] ÂF„Ã^C Eı[Ã ˝Á ^ÁÃ^ XÁ*
22.7.37
*
ªJÙÁ„Ã^Ã[˝ %YEıÁÃ[˝C %Á‰ªK˜, =YEıÁÃ[˝C %Á‰ªK˜* F«[˝ strong EıÃ[˝„_ [˝Á Â[˝`›
◊ªJÙ◊X ªRÙÁ_„_ `Ã[˝›„Ã[˝Ã[˝ %YEıÁÃ[˝ c˜Ã^, ]ÁyÁÃ^ Â[˝`› ÂF„_C TˆÁcÕ c˜Ã^* %î ◊ªJÙ◊X
◊X„_ %ÁÃ[˝ light ªJÙÁ EıÃ[˝„_ (boiling L„_ ªJÙÁ ÊªRÙ„_ TˆFXcÕ [˝Á `›H–cÕ EıÁ„Y
pour out EıÃ[˝„Tˆ c˜Ã^) %YEıÁÃ[˝ c˜Ã^ XÁ*
14.6.38
*
[aÁ◊W˝EıÁÃ[˝ EıXÓÁÃ[˝ EıÁªK˜ c˜„Tˆ %„XEı ◊ªJÙ◊Pˆ %Áa‰ªK˜ XÁXÁÃ[˝Eı] a]aÓÁ ◊X„Ã^*
`“›%Ã[˝◊[˝≥V„Eı aÁ◊W˝EıÁ Âaa[˝ ◊_„F LÁXÁ‰¨K˜X*]
[˝Á„YÃ[˝ [˝ÁQÕˆ› Â^„Tˆ ªJÙÁÃ^ XÁ, ◊V◊V]ÁÃ[˝ %W˝›„X \ˆÁ_ _Á„G XÁ Tˆ ◊Eı EıÃ[˝Á ^ÁÃ^?
]ÁX«„bÃ[˝ L›[˝„X Âÿëˆ¨K˜Á [˝Á ÿëˆÁTˆ„‹óˆÓÃ[˝ LÁÃ^GÁ F«[˝ Eı], EıwÔ¯[˝ÓcÕ Y“W˝ÁX* Â^ F«[˝
`◊N˛]ÁX, TˆÁ„EıC Y“U] %Á±¡ae^] [˝ÁW˝ÓTˆÁ discipline ◊`F„Tˆ c˜Ã^ --- Â^
ªJÙÁÃ^ XÁ TˆÁÃ[˝ V«fF„\ˆÁG %◊X[˝Á^ÔÓ*
6.7.38
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ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ %X«\…ˆ◊Tˆ Tˆ aTˆÓ ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ Â^ a[˝ XÁ] ◊V„Ã^ªK˜, Âa a[˝cÕ \«ˆ_* ]ÁX«„bÃ[˝
Y UEı YÃ[˝]Á±¡Á XÁcÕ, YÃ[˝]Á±¡Á \ˆG[˝ÁX, \ˆG[˝ÁXcÕ aEı„_Ã[˝ YÃ[˝]Á±¡Á* ^Á„Eı
YÃ[˝]Á±¡Á [˝_, Âa ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ L›[˝Á±¡Á, ]ÁUÁÃ[˝ =Y„Ã[˝ TˆÁÃ[˝ ÿöˆÁX, \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ a„Ü
]Á„Ã^[Ã ˝ a„Ü ^«N˛ Â^* ^Á„Eı L›[˝Á±¡Á [˝_, Âa L›[˝Á±¡Á XÃ^, Âa ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ Y“ÁSY«[Ã ˝”b,
A]X◊Eı ◊X∂oˆ Y“ÁSY«Ã[˝”b* Y“ÁS c˜÷V„Ã^Ã[˝ X›‰ªJÙ ÂU„Eı ]…_ÁW˝ÁÃ[˝ Y^ÔÓ‹ôˆ ◊[˝ÿô ˆTˆ, TˆÁÃ[˝
]„W˝Ó XÁ◊\ˆÃ[˝ X›‰ªJÙ ^Á TˆÁ ◊X∂oˆY“ÁS* ÂTˆ]XcÕ %Á±¡Á ^Á„Eı [˝_, TˆÁ„Eı %Á±¡Á [˝_Á
^ÁÃ^ XÁ, Âa psychic being, c˜÷V„Ã^ ËªJÙTˆÓY«Ã[˝”b* Psychic being (%‹ôˆÃ[˝Á±¡Á
[˝_„Tˆ YÁÃ[˝) L›[˝Á±¡Á a„Ü ^«N˛, ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ a„Ü ^«N˛ c˜„_ aTˆÓ‰ªJÙTˆXÁÃ[˝ ◊\ˆ◊w¯
ÿöˆÁ◊YTˆ c˜Ã^* EıÁÃ[˝S AcÕ psychic %‹ôˆÃ[˝Á±¡ÁcÕ ]ÁX«„bÃ[˝ a]ÿôˆ ]XY“ÁS„Vc˜„Eı W˝ÁÃ[˝S
Eı„Ã[˝ ÂYªK˜X ÂU„Eı, Tˆ„[˝ Âa mä, aÁW˝ÁÃ[˝S ]ÁX«„bÃ[˝ ]X Y“ÁS ÂVc˜ TˆÁ„Eı ÂV„F
ÊªJÙ„X XÁ* ]ÁX«b Y“ÁSY«Ã[˝”b„Eı ◊X„LÃ[˝ %Á±¡Á [˝„_ \«ˆ_ Eı„Ã[˝, Y“ÁSY«Ã[˝”„bÃ[˝ [˝`
c˜„Ã^ V«fF„\ˆÁG Eı„Ã[˝* ^FX Y“ÁSY«Ã[˝”„bÃ[˝ [˝` XÁ c˜„Ã^, %‹ôˆÃ[˝Á±¡ÁÃ[˝ psychic
beingAÃ[˝ [˝` c˜^ Ã , TˆFX a[˝ a«≥VÃ[˝ a«F]Ã^, ]Á„Ã^[Ã ˝ a„Ü ^«N˛ ]Á-]Ã^ c˜„^Ã ^ÁÃ^*
AcÕ a[˝ T«ˆ◊] ÂVFªK˜, ^Á ÂV„FªK˜ TˆÁ ◊PÊı --- £W˝« XÁ]m„_Á„Eı [˝V_Á„Tˆ c˜„[˝*
""A''„Eı ◊_◊FTˆ
A]X ◊EıªK«˜Ã[˝ VÃ[˝EıÁÃ[˝ XÁcÕ Â^ H„Ã[˝ [˝„a XÁ Â[˝◊Ã[˝„Ã^ ]Á„Eı QˆÁEı„Tˆ c˜„[˝* %ÁÃ[˝
ÂacÕ a∂ëˆ„µ˘ ^Á EıÃ[˝„Tˆ ªJÙÁC TˆÁ ]Á YªK˜≥V Eı„Ã[˝X XÁ* EıÁÃ[˝S ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ [˝Ãâ ÊªK˜ÁªRÙO,
T«ˆ◊] YÁÃ[˝„[˝ XÁ, £W˝« EırÙ YÁ„[˝ %ÁÃ[˝ ]Á TˆÁ ªJÙÁX XÁ Â^ T«ˆ◊] EırÙ YÁC*
XÁ, TˆÁÃ[˝ ÊªJÙ„Ã^ AcÕ \ˆÁ_ Â^ T«ˆ◊] a[˝ a]Ã^ ]„X ]„X ]Á„Eı ÿˆÇÃ[˝S EıÃ[˝,
]Á„Eı QˆÁEı --- a«„F V«f„F, a[˝ %[˝ÿöˆÁÃ^ TgˆÁÃ[˝cÕ aÁ◊~W˝Ó, TgˆÁÃ[˝cÕ aÁc˜Á^Ó, TgˆÁÃ[˝cÕ
%Á`›b C Ã[˝l˘Á ÊªJÙ„Ã^ XÁC, TˆÁc˜„_ a[˝ c˜„[˝*
10.5.35
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LÁ◊X XÁ Eı„[˝ T«ˆ◊] %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ %Áa„Tˆ YÁÃ[˝„[˝ --- Â[˝ÁW˝c˜Ã^ ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ [˝Á[˝Á ATˆ
`›H– ◊Zı„Ã[˝ %Áa„Tˆ ÂV„[˝ XÁ, TˆÁ„Tˆ V«f◊FTˆ c˜„Ã^Á XÁ* ]Á„Eı a[[˝ÔVÁ ]„X Ã[˝ÁF,
◊Tˆ◊X ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ a„ÜcÕ UÁEı„[˝X* ◊Tˆ◊X a„Ü %Á‰ªK˜X, Ã[˝l˘Á Eı‰¨JÙ¤X, AcÕ V ªRÕÙ ◊[˝`üÁa
Â^X a[˝ a]Ã^ ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó LÁG–Tˆ UÁE«ıEı* ◊TˆX ]Áa ÊªJÙrÙÁ EıÃ[˝„[˝, TˆÁÃ[˝YÃ[˝
Zı_ XÁ c˜„_ ÊªK˜‰QÕˆ ÂV„[˝, Âa ÂEıÁX EıÁ„LÃ[˝ EıUÁ XÃ^* %Áa_ EıUÁ, TgˆÁ„Eı ]„X
Ã[˝ÁF %ÁÃ[˝ QˆÁEı ^Tˆ ◊VXcÕ _ÁmEı, TˆÁcÕ EıÃ[˝„Tˆ EıÃ[˝„Tˆ T«ˆ◊] a‰ªJÙTˆX c˜„Ã^ ^Á„[˝,
]Á ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ a„Ü %Á‰ªK˜X cÕc˜Á %X«\ˆ[˝ EıÃ[˝„[˝, ÂVFÁC YÁ„[˝*
13.5.35
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%Á◊] [˝ÁÜ_ÁÃ^cÕ ◊ªJÙ◊Pˆ ◊_F_Á]* AÃ[˝ Y„Ã[˝ TˆÁc˜ÁcÕ EıÃ[˝[˝* \ˆ◊[˝bÓ„Tˆ ◊Eı c˜„[˝
[˝_Á Eı◊PˆX, Tˆ„[˝ %Á`Á Eı◊Ã[˝ A]X HªRÙOXÁÃ[˝ a]Á„[˝` c˜„[˝ ^Á„Tˆ Â[˝`› ÂV◊Ã[˝ XÁ
Eı„[Ã ˝ T«ˆ◊] ◊Zı„[Ã ˝ A„a V`ÔX_Á\ˆ Eı[Ã ˝„Tˆ YÁÃ[˝* TˆTˆ◊VX %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ]„X ÂÃ[˝„F %„Yl˘Á
EıÃ[˝* %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ a∂ëˆ„µ˘ ^TˆcÕ ]„X ]„X H◊Xúˆ c˜„Ã^ UÁEı„[˝, TˆTˆcÕ `›H– L›[˝„X
ªJÙ◊Ã[˝TˆÁUÔ c˜[˝ÁÃ[˝ aêˆÁ[˝XÁ UÁEı„[˝*
14.5.35
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Â^ [˝ÁQÕˆ›„Tˆ ÂEıc˜ \ˆG[˝ÁX„Eı QˆÁ„Eı XÁ, ÂaFÁ„X ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ XÁ ^ÁCÃ^Á \ˆÁ_*

◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ^◊V ÂTˆÁ]Á„Eı ÂaFÁ„X YÁPˆÁXC c˜Ã^, TˆÁc˜„_C T«ˆ◊] ]Á„Eı QˆÁEı* %XÓ\ˆÁ„[˝
^◊V XÁ YÁÃ[˝, Â^]X AFX EıÃ[˝, Tˆ„[˝ X›Ã[˝„[˝ ◊X„LÃ[˝ ]„XÃ[˝ ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ QˆÁEı ---
A]X\ˆÁ„[˝ Â^X ÂEıc˜ [˝«Mı„[˝ XÁ, LÁX„[˝ XÁ* TˆÁc˜„_cÕ ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ QˆÁEıÁÃ[˝ Zı_ T«ˆ◊]
YÁ„[˝*
17.5.35
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ÂEıX T«ˆ◊] ◊_FªK˜ Â^ %Á]Ã[˝Á ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ Ã[˝ÁG Eı„Ã[˝◊ªK˜? %Á]Ã[˝Á ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝
=YÃ[˝ ÂEıÁXC ◊VX Ã[˝ÁG Eı◊Ã[ ˝◊X, %ÁLC Eı◊Ã[˝ ◊X* Ã[˝ÁG EıÃ[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÂEıÁXC EıÁÃ[˝SC
◊ªK˜_ XÁ, T«ˆ◊] ÂEıÁXC ÂVÁb EıÃ[˝ ◊X*
T«ˆ◊] ◊Eı EıÁ_ aEıÁ„_ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ◊ªJÙ◊Pˆ YÁC ◊X? %Á◊] Tˆ ◊ªJÙ◊Pˆ ◊_„F◊ªK˜_Á],
%Á]Á„VÃ[˝ \ˆÁ_[˝ÁaÁÃ[˝ EıUÁ, T«ˆ◊] Â^ ◊X∏JÙÃ^ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ YÁ„[˝ Âa EıUÁ ◊_„F◊ªK˜_Á]*
^ÁcÕ Âc˜ÏEı %Á◊] %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ Âa EıUÁ ◊_F◊ªK˜*
%Á]Ã[˝Á ÂTˆÁ]Á„Eı F«[˝cÕ \ˆÁ_[˝Á◊a %ÁÃ[˝ Âa \ˆÁ_[˝ÁaÁ ◊ªJÙÃ[˝EıÁ_ %ªªR«ÙOªRÙO c˜„Ã^
UÁEı„[˝* ]X FÁÃ[˝ÁY [˝Á ◊XÃ[˝Á`Á„Eı ]„X ÿöˆÁX ◊V„Ã^Á XÁ* AcÕ V ªRÕÙ ◊[˝`üÁa a[[˝ÔVÁ
]„X ÂYÁbS EıÃ[˝ Â^ %Á◊] ]Á„Eı YÁ[˝cÕ, `“›%Ã[˝◊[˝≥V„Eı YÁ[˝cÕ, V…„Ã[˝ UÁEı„_C
AEı◊VX TˆÁ„VÃ[˝ ÂVFÁ YÁ[˝* a[[˝ÔVÁ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ]„X Ã[˝ÁF, a[[˝ÔVÁ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ◊V„Eı
ÊªJÙ„Ã^ ÂVF* ^ÁÃ[˝Á cÕc˜ÁcÕ Eı„Ã[˝ TˆÁÃ[˝Á %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ YÁÃ^, T«ˆ◊]C ◊X∏JÙÃ^ YÁ„[˝* %ÁÃ[˝
cÕc˜ÁcÕ ^◊V EıÃ[˝, TˆÁc˜„_ A]X HªRÙOXÁÃ[˝ a]Á„[˝` c˜[˝ÁÃ[˝ EıUÁ Â^ T«ˆ◊] AFÁ„X %Áa„Tˆ
YÁÃ[˝„[˝, %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ V`ÔX_Á\ˆ EıÃ[˝„Tˆ YÁÃ[˝„[˝*
EıÁ_ ◊X∏JÙÃ^ Aa* ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ a„Ü ÂVFÁ Eı„Ã[˝ ^ÁC*
17.5.35
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%Á◊] ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ ◊TˆXªRÙOÁ Yy ÂY„Ã^◊ªK˜, XÁXÁEıÁ„L ◊[˝[˝–Tˆ c˜„Ã^ =w¯Ã[˝ ◊V„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝◊X
--- %ÁL ◊TˆXªRÙO› Y‰yÃ[˝ AEıa„Ü AcÕ =w¯Ã[˝ ◊V_Á]* AcÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ V`Ô„X %ÁaÁ
%aêˆ[˝, Âa %„XEıªRÙOÁ LÁXÁ EıUÁ ◊ªK˜_, AcÕ %î ]Á„aÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó V«cÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ %ÁaÁ
ac˜„L c˜[˝ÁÃ[˝ XÃ^* V«f◊FTˆ c˜„Ã^Á XÁ, ◊ÿöˆÃ[˝ c˜„Ã^ ]Á„Eı ÿˆÇÃ[˝S Eı„Ã[˝ ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ ◊[˝`üÁa
C [˝_ aeG–c˜ Eı„Ã[˝ UÁEı* T«ˆ◊] ]Á \ˆG[˝Tˆ›Ã[˝ a‹ôˆÁX, `Á‹ôˆ W˝›Ã[˝ `◊N˛]Ã^› c˜„Ã^
^ÁC* ]Á„Eı QˆÁEıÁÃ[˝ ÂEıÁX ◊[˝„`b ◊XÃ^] [XÁcÕ]* ]ÁÃ[˝ XÁ] EıÃ[˝Á, ]Á„Eı ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝
◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ ÿˆÇÃ[˝S EıÃ[˝Á, ]Á„Eı Y“ÁUÔXÁ EıÃ[˝Á AcÕa[˝„Eı ]Á„Eı QˆÁEıÁ [˝_Á ^ÁÃ^* Â^]X
ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ ◊\ˆTˆÃ[˝ ÂU„Eı C‰Pˆ, ÊªTˆ]XcÕ QˆÁEı„Tˆ c˜„[˝* cÕc˜ÁC EıÃ[˝„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝Á Â^
aEıÁ„_Ã[˝ a]Ã^ ÊªJÙÁF [˝«„L ]Á ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ aÁ]„X %Á‰ªK˜X AcÕ EıîXÁ [˝Á ]„XÃ[˝ ◊ªJÙy
Eı„Ã[˝ TgˆÁ„Eı Y“SÁ] EıÃ[˝, Âa Y“SÁ] ]ÁÃ[˝ EıÁ‰ªK˜ ÂYgÏªJÙ„[˝* ^FX a]Ã^ UÁ„Eı, ]Á
ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ a„Ü %Á‰ªK˜X, aÁ]„X [˝„a %Á‰ªK˜X AcÕ \ˆÁ[˝ ÂÃ[˝„F TgˆÁ„Eı W˝ÓÁX EıÃ[˝„Tˆ
YÁÃ[˝* AcÕ a[˝ Eı„Ã[˝ Â_Á„Eı Â`„b ]ÁÃ[˝ ÂVFÁ YÁÃ^* %Á]ÁÃ[˝ %Á`›[[˝ÔÁV G–c˜S
EıÃ[˝* ]ÁÃ[˝ %Á`›[[˝ÔÁVC AÃ[˝ a„Ü YÁPˆÁ_Á]* ÂLÓÁ◊Tˆ∂ˆÇÔÃ^› ]Á„Mı ]Á„Mı ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝
EıÁ‰ªK˜ Y“SÁ„]Ã[˝ a]„Ã^ %Á`›[[˝ÔÁV› Z«ı_ G–c˜S Eı„Ã[˝ YÁ◊Pˆ„Ã^ ◊V„[˝*

28.5.35
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ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ V«FÁXÁ ◊ªJÙ◊Pˆ ÂY„Ã^◊ªK˜* %Á◊] ^Ác˜Á ÂTˆÁ]Á„Eı ◊_„F◊ªK˜_Á] ^FX AFÁ„XcÕ
◊ªK˜„_, TˆÁ ]„X ÂÃ[˝„F W˝›Ã[˝◊ªJÙ„w¯ ]Á„Eı ÿˆÇÃ[˝S EıÃ[˝, ]Á„Eı QˆÁEı* Y“U] ÊªJÙÁF [˝g«„L
]Á„Eı ÂVFÁ c˜Ã^, ◊X„LÃ[˝ ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ TgˆÁÃ[˝ EıUÁ £X„Tˆ YÁÃ[˝„[˝, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ TˆÁC ac˜„L
c˜Ã^ XÁ* ]ÁX«b [˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝Ã[˝ Ã[˝÷Y ÂV„F, [˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝Ã[˝ EıUÁ C `å Â`Á„X --- £W˝« ^Á
TˆÁÃ[˝ ÿöˆ…_ ÊªJÙÁ„F Y‰QÕˆ C EıÁ„X [˝Á„L, TˆÁcÕ ÂV„F, TˆÁcÕ Â`Á„X* %ÁÃ[˝ ◊EıªK«˜ ÂVFÁ
[˝Á Â`ÁXÁ TˆÁÃ[˝ Y„l˘ Eı◊PˆX, ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ V ◊rÙ C `“[˝S `◊N˛ F«_„Tˆ c˜„[˝, TˆÁÃ[˝ LXÓ
ÊªJÙrÙÁÃ[˝ VÃ[˝EıÁÃ[˝, a]Ã^ _Á„G* ^◊V Y“U„] XÁC c˜Ã^, V«f◊FTˆ c˜„Ã^Á XÁ* ]Á ÂTˆÁ]Á„Eı
a[[˝ÔVÁ \ˆÁ_[˝Áa„[˝ C ]„X Ã[˝ÁF„[˝, T«ˆ◊] AEı◊VX TgˆÁÃ[˝ ÂVFÁ YÁ„[˝, TgˆÁÃ[˝ EıUÁ
£X„[˝* V«fF Eı„Ã[˝Á XÁ, ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ `Á◊‹ôˆ C `◊N˛„Eı ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ QˆÁEı, TˆÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó
]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ aÁ◊~W˝Ó ÊªRÙOÃ[˝ YÁ„[˝*
16.6.35
[◊ªJÙ◊PˆÃ[˝ Â`„b `“›]Á Â^ÁG Eı„Ã[˝X]:
Love and blessings to my dear little 'E'.
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XÁ, ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ %Á]Ã[˝Á Ã[˝ÁG Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ ÂEıX? [˝QÕˆ [˝Óÿôˆ ◊ªK˜_Á], ◊_F[˝ÁÃ[˝ a]Ã^
◊ªK˜_ XÁ* AFXC V`Ô„XÃ[˝ ]Áa [˝„_ [˝QÕˆcÕ [˝Óÿôˆ ◊ªK˜_Á]* A[˝ÁÃ[˝ V`Ô„XÃ[˝ LXÓ
%„XEı Â_ÁEı %Áa‰ªK˜* %Á`Á Eı◊Ã[˝ ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ ÿëˆÁÿöˆÓ \ˆÁ_ UÁEı„[˝ AÃ[˝ ÊªJÙ„Ã^ ---
AÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó V«[˝ÁÃ[˝ FÁÃ[˝ÁY c˜„Ã^‰ªK˜, ◊_„FªK˜ --- AÃ[˝ YÃ[˝ Â^X `Ã[˝›Ã[˝ \ˆÁ_ c˜„Ã^
UÁ„Eı* Ã[˝gÁ◊ªJÙ ^Á„[˝ ◊_„FªK˜, Eı„[˝ ^Á„[˝ C Eı◊VX UÁEı„[˝?
AFXEıÁÃ[˝ %[˝ÿöˆÁÃ^ ◊ªJÙ◊‹ôˆTˆ [˝Á V«f◊FTˆ c˜„Ã^Á XÁ* ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ =YÃ[˝ a+…SÔ \ˆÃ[˝aÁ
Eı„Ã[˝ `Á‹ôˆ Y“a~ c˜„Ã^ UÁEı, \ˆÁ_ a]„Ã^Ã[˝ %„Yl˘ÁÃ^ UÁEı* AEı◊VX Tˆ ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝
ÂVFÁ YÁ„[˝cÕ* ^gÁÃ[˝Á V ªRÕÙ\ˆÁ„[˝ TgˆÁÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ ◊X\ˆ¤Ã[˝ Eı„Ã[˝ C QˆÁ„Eı, TˆÁÃ[˝Á TgˆÁÃ[˝ EıÁ‰ªK˜
Â`„b Ygß‰ªK˜* AcÕ YÁ◊UÔ[˝ L›[˝„X %„XEı [˝ÁW˝Á C [˝ÓÁHÁTˆ %Áa„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝, a]Ã^
_ÁG„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝, Tˆ„[˝C TˆÁÃ[˝Á ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ EıÁ‰ªK˜ Ygß‰ªJÙ*
4.8.35
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%„XEı◊VX ◊ªJÙ◊Pˆ ◊_F„Tˆ ÊªJÙ„Ã^C ◊_F„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝◊X* EıÁ„LÃ[˝ \ˆ›QÕˆ Eı]‰ªK˜ XÁ,
ÂEı[˝_cÕ [˝ÁQÕˆ‰ªK˜, AEı◊V„Eı Eı]„_C %XÓ ◊V„Eı [˝Á‰QÕˆ* Aa[˝ EıÁL EıÃ[˝„Tˆ EıÃ[˝„Tˆ
Ã[˝ÁTˆ ÂYÁc˜ÁÃ^, TˆÁÃ[˝YÃ[˝ [˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝ ◊ªJÙ◊Pˆ Â_FÁÃ[˝ a]Ã^ %ÁÃ[˝ UÁ„Eı XÁ* %ÁLC TˆÁcÕ
c˜„Ã^‰ªK˜ Tˆ„[˝C A[˝ÁÃ[˝ ◊ªJÙ◊Pˆ ◊_F„Tˆ [˝„a◊ªK˜*
ÂVF◊ªK˜ ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ C ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ ]ÁÃ[˝ F«[˝ %a«„FÃ[˝ a]Ã^ ÂG‰ªK˜* %Á`Á Eı◊Ã[˝ A]X
%Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ c˜„[˝ XÁ, A[˝ÁÃ[˝ Â`b c˜„Ã^ ÂG‰ªK˜* %„XEı ◊V„Eı AÃ[˝Eı] c˜„Ã^‰ªK˜, AFÁ„X
C [˝ÁÜ_Á ÂV„`Ã[˝ %„XEı LÁÃ^GÁÃ^ aÁW˝Eı„VÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó* AcÕ %[˝ÿöˆÁ EıÁªRÙOÁX ac˜L
c˜Ã^◊X*
XÁ, ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ Ã[˝ÁG Eı◊Ã[˝ ◊X* Ã[˝ÁG EıÃ[˝[˝ ÂEıX* %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ \ˆÁ_[˝ÁaÁ
ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ %ªªR«ÙOªRÙO c˜„Ã^ Ã[˝„Ã^‰ªK˜, %ªªR«ÙOªRÙO UÁEı„[˝*
%ÁÃ[˝ ◊EıªK«˜ ◊_F[˝ÁÃ[˝ a]Ã^ ÂXcÕ, Y„Ã[˝ ◊_F[˝* %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ %Á`›[[˝ÔÁV XÁC*
26.12.35
[`“›]Á ◊_„F‰ªK˜X]: Love and blessings to my dear 'E'.

*
ATˆ◊VX ÂÃ[˝ÁL a]ÿôˆ ◊VX EıÁL ◊ªK˜_ [˝„_ ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ ◊ªJÙ◊Pˆm„_ÁÃ[˝ =w¯Ã[˝ ◊V„Tˆ
YÁ◊Ã[˝◊X* AFXC ÂacÕ %[˝ÿˆö Á Jª Ù_‰ªK˜, Tˆ„[˝ %ÁL [Ã ˝◊[˝[˝Á[Ã ˝, EıÁL AEıRª Ù« O Eı] Y‰QÕˆ‰Kª ˜,
%Á◊] V«_ÁcÕX ◊_F◊ªK˜*
%Á]Á„VÃ[˝ EıUÁ \ˆÁ[˝„_, ÿëˆ‰Y¬ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ÂVF„_ ]X FÁÃ[˝ÁY c˜Ã^ ÂEıX? ÿëˆ‰Y¬
]Á ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ EıÁ‰ªK˜ ÂG‰ªK˜X, Âa %ÁX„≥VÃ[˝ EıUÁ c˜CÃ^Á =◊ªJÙTˆ* AFX ÂVFÁ c˜„[˝
XÁ [˝„_ ]X FÁÃ[˝ÁY c˜„Tˆ ◊V„Ã^Á XÁ* ]Á %Á]Á„Eı ÿˆÇÃ[˝S EıÃ[˝‰ªK˜X, \ˆÁ_[˝Áa‰ªK˜X,
◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ EıÁ‰ªK˜ a[[˝Ôl˘S Ã[˝„Ã^‰ªK˜X AcÕ ◊[˝`üÁa Eı„Ã[˝ `Á‹ôˆ]„X UÁEı, a]„Ã^Ã[˝
%„Yl˘ÁÃ^ UÁEı, --- Â^ a[˝ [˝ÁW˝Á AFX %Á‰ªK˜, Âam„_Á ◊ªJÙÃ[˝EıÁ_ UÁEı„[˝ XÁ*
]Á„Eı a[˝a]Ã^ ÿˆÇÃ[˝S EıÃ[˝, TgˆÁÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ ◊X\ˆ¤Ã[˝ EıÃ[˝* a[˝a]Ã^ ÿˆÇÃ[˝S Eı„Ã[˝
Ã[˝ÁF„_ AEı◊VX ÂVFÁ c˜„[˝, ◊X„LÃ[˝ ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝C ÂVFÁ YÁ„[˝*
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ÂVF, %Á◊] ^◊V ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ a„Ü ÂVFÁ Eı◊Ã[˝, %ÁÃ[˝ aEı„_Ã[˝ c˜Á„Tˆ %Á◊] ◊Eı
◊XÿôˆÁÃ[˝ YÁ[˝? TˆÁÃ[˝Á ◊Eı [˝_„[˝ XÁ ""T«ˆ◊] "A'Ã[˝ a„Ü ÂVFÁ EıÃ[˝„_ %ÁÃ[˝ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝
a„Ü YÁÃ[˝„_ XÁ? A ◊EıÃ[˝Eı] %[˝ÿôˆ Á? A ◊Eı %◊[˝ªJÙÁÃ[˝? %Á]Ã[˝ÁC ◊Eı ]ÁX«b XcÕ?''
TˆÁÃ[˝YÃ[˝ ^FX AEı` Yá˚Á` LX ßQÕˆ]«QÕˆ Eı„Ã[˝ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ A„a YQÕˆ„[˝, TˆFX
%Á]ÁÃ[˝ ◊Eı V`Á c˜„[˝, Â\ˆ„[˝ [˝_ ÂV◊F?
[˝ÁÜ_ÁÃ^ [˝QÕˆ ◊ªJÙ◊Pˆ ◊_F„Tˆ c˜„[˝? %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ◊Eı Âa l˘]TˆÁ %Á‰ªK˜ XÁ a]Ã^ %Á‰ªK˜?
AcÕ l«˘V– ◊ªJÙ◊PˆÃ[˝ =w¯Ã[˝ ◊_F„Tˆ ◊_F„Tˆ Y“ÁSC Â[˝◊Ã[˝„Ã^ ÂG_, Ã[˝ÁTˆ ÂYÁc˜Á_* A[˝ÁÃ[˝
XÁ c˜Ã^ [˝ÁÜ_ÁÃ^ ◊_F_Á], ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ AÃ[˝ Y„Ã[˝ %ÁÃ[˝ A]X EıaÃ[˝d EıÃ[˝„Tˆ YÁÃ[˝[˝ XÁ,
[˝„_ Ã[˝ÁF◊ªK˜*
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%Á◊] %„XEı◊VX ÂTˆÁ]Á„Eı ◊ªJÙ◊Pˆ ◊_F„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝◊X --- cÕ¨K˜Á ◊ªK˜_ ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ c˜„Ã^
=‰Pˆ◊X* A[˝Á[Ã ˝ V`Ô„X aÁTˆ` Â_Á„Eı[Ã ˝ =YÃ[˝ A„a‰ªK˜ --- %„X„Eı A„a‰ªK˜ 15thAÃ[˝
%„XEı %Á„G, %„X„Eı Ã[˝„Ã^‰ªK˜ 15thAÃ[˝ Y„Ã[˝, %ÁL Y^ÔÓ‹ôˆ %Á‰ªK˜, AFX ªJÙ„_
^Á‰¨K˜* AÃ[˝ VÃ[˝”S EıÁL %aêˆ[˝ Ã[˝Eı„] Â[˝‰QÕˆ ÂG◊ªK˜_, %Á`“„]Ã[˝ EıÁLC F«[˝
Â[˝‰QÕˆ‰ªK˜* ◊V„XÃ[˝ Â[˝_Á %ÁÃ[˝ a]ÿôˆ Ã[˝Áy›C ÂF‰ªRÙO EıÁL Â`b EıÃ[˝Á ^ÁÃ^ XÁ* AÃ[˝
LXÓ [˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝ ◊ªJÙ◊Pˆ ◊_F„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝ ◊X* AFX AEıªªR«ÙO Eı„] ^Á‰¨K˜, TˆÁcÕ AcÕ ◊ªJÙ◊Pˆ
◊_F„Tˆ YÁÃ[˝◊ªK˜* Tˆ„[˝ ^Á Eı„] ÂG_ TˆÁ ATˆªR«ÙOE«ı ]Áy* AFXC %Á]ÁÃ[˝ %„XEı
%Á[˝`ÓEı›Ã^ EıÁL Y‰QÕˆ Ã[˝„Ã^‰ªK˜, EıÃ[˝„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝◊X, AFXC a]Ã^ YÁ◊¨K˜ XÁ*
ÂLÓÁ◊Tˆ∂ˆÇÔÃ^›Ã[˝ ◊ªJÙ◊Pˆ C Z«ı_ ÂEıX YÁC ◊X, TˆÁ ◊PÊı [˝«◊Mı XÁ --- Tˆ„[˝ AÃ[˝
]„W˝Ó TˆÁÃ[˝ ◊ªJÙ◊ªPˆ Â[˝ÁW˝c˜Ã^ ÂY„Ã^ªK˜, Âa ◊X∏JÙÃ^ ◊X„L TˆÁÃ[˝ ÈEı◊ZıÃ^Tˆ ◊V„Ã^‰ªK˜*
%Á`Á Eı◊Ã[˝ T«ˆ◊] \ˆÁ_ %ÁªK˜* ^◊V EıFXC ]Á„Eı QˆÁEı[˝ÁÃ[˝ ◊X◊Å¤rÙ a]Ã^ XÁC
YÁC, a[˝ a]Ã^ TgˆÁ„Eı ÂQˆ„Eı ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ a]ÿôˆ L›[˝X %ÁÃ[˝ a[˝ EıÁL TgˆÁ„Eı a]YÔS
EıÃ[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÊªJÙrÙÁ EıÃ[˝*
[`“›]Á:] Love and blessings to my dear little 'E'.
ÿëˆY¬
AEıªRÙO› V◊Ã[˝V– Â_ÁEı %µ˘EıÁÃ[˝ E«ıªRÀÙOÃ[˝›„Tˆ [˝◊aÃ^Á ◊XL Â`ÁªJÙX›Ã^ %[˝ÿöˆÁ A[˝e
\ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ Ã[˝Á„LÓ %XÓÁÃ^ C %◊[˝ªJÙÁ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ EıUÁ \ˆÁ◊[˝„Tˆ◊ªK˜_* V◊Ã[˝V– %◊\ˆ]Á„XÃ[˝
[˝`›\…ˆTˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á [˝◊_„Tˆ _Á◊G_, ""Â_Á„Eı Eı„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝ ÂVÁc˜ÁcÕ ◊VÃ^Á \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ a«XÁ]
[˝gÁªJÙÁcÕ„Tˆ ªJÙÁÃ^* GTˆ L„XΩÃ[˝ YÁ„Y ^◊V %Á]ÁÃ[˝ AcÕ V«Å¤`Á c˜cÕTˆ, %Á◊] ^◊V ATˆcÕ
YÁY› c˜cÕTˆÁ], TˆÁc˜Á c˜cÕ„_ ◊X∏JÙÃ^ AcÕ L„XΩ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ]„X YÁY ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁÃ[˝ ÊÿÉˆÁTˆ
AFXC [˝◊c˜Tˆ, ATˆ ÂHÁÃ[˝ YÁTÊı›Ã[˝ ]X ◊Eı AEı◊V„X ◊X∂ˆÇÔ_ c˜Ã^? %ÁÃ[˝ CcÕ
YÁQÕˆÁÃ[˝ ◊TˆXEı◊QÕˆ `›_, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Â^ W˝X„VÏ_Tˆ ÿëˆSÔ„Ã[˝ÏYÓ VÁaVÁa›, Eı∂ˆÇÔZı_ aTˆÓ
c˜cÕ„_ ◊X∏JÙÃ^cÕ Y…[[˝Ô L„XΩ ◊Tˆ◊X LG◊•FÓÁTˆ aÁW˝« ]c˜Á±¡Á ◊ªK˜„_X, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ EıcÕ
TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ◊ªJÙc˜‘]ÁyC AcÕ L„XΩ ÂV◊F XÁ* A]X ◊Xú«ˆÃ[˝ YÁL› [˝VÀ]Á„Ã^` LG„Tˆ
XÁcÕ* XÁ, Eı∂ˆÇÔ[˝ÁV \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ ZgıÁ≈◊Eı, ]X\«ˆ_ÁX EıUÁ ]Áy* `ÓÁ]a«≥VÃ[˝ [˝QÕˆ ªJÙT«ˆÃ[˝
ªJ…ÙQÕˆÁ]◊S, %Á]ÁÃ[˝ EıÁ‰ªK˜ W˝Ã[˝Á ÂVX XÁ, TˆÁcÕ Ã[˝l˘Á --- X‰ªJÙd =w¯] ◊`l˘Á ◊VÃ^Á
a[˝ ªJÙÁ_ÁEı› [˝Á◊c˜Ã[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝TˆÁ]*'' AcÕ EıUÁ [˝◊_[˝Á]Áy V◊Ã[˝V– ÂV◊F_ c˜PˆÁd TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝
%µ˘EıÁÃ[˝ HÃ[˝ %◊Tˆ`Ã^ =#ù_ %Á„_ÁEıTˆÃ[˝„Ü \ˆÁ◊aÃ^Á ÂG_, %îl˘S Y„Ã[˝
%Á„_ÁEıTˆÃ[˝Ü %µ˘EıÁ„Ã[˝ ◊]_ÁcÕÃ^Á ÂG_, %ÁÃ[˝ Âa ÂV◊F_ TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ a∂ˆÇ«„F AEıªRÙO›
a«≥VÃ[˝ E ıb’[˝SÔ [˝Á_Eı Y“V›Y c˜Á„Tˆ VÒÁQÕˆÁcÕÃ^Á Ã[˝◊c˜Ã^Á‰ªK˜ --- ] V« c˜Á◊a„Tˆ‰ªK˜, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ
ÂEıÁXC EıUÁ Eı◊c˜„Tˆ‰ªK˜ XÁ* ]Ã^…Ã[˝Y«¨K˜ C YÁ„Ã^ X…Y«Ã[˝ ÂV◊FÃ^Á V◊Ã[˝V– [˝«◊Mı_ ÿëˆÃê
`ÓÁ]a«≥VÃ[˝ %Á◊aÃ^Á TˆÁc˜Á„Eı W˝Ã[˝Á ◊VÃ^Á‰ªK˜X* V◊Ã[˝V– %Y“◊Tˆ\ˆ c˜cÕ_, AEı[˝ÁÃ[˝ \ˆÁ◊[˝_
Y“SÁ] Eı◊Ã[˝, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ [˝Á_„EıÃ[˝ c˜Á◊a]«F ÂV◊FÃ^Á ◊EıªK«˜„TˆcÕ Y“SÁ] Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ Y“[˝ ◊w¯
c˜cÕ_ XÁ, --- Â`„b ]«F c˜cÕ„Tˆ AcÕ EıUÁcÕ [˝Á◊c˜Ã[˝ c˜cÕÃ^Á ÂG_, ""C„Ã[˝ ÂEırÙÁ,
T«ˆcÕ A◊_ ÂEıX?'' [˝Á_Eı c˜Á◊aÃ^Á Eı◊c˜_, ""ÂEıX, T«ˆ◊] %Á]Á„Eı QˆÁ◊Eı„_ XÁ?
Ac˜]O Áy %Á]Á„Eı Jª ÙÁ[˝E« ı ]Á◊Ã[˝[˝Á[Ã ˝ Y“[˝_ [˝ÁaXÁ ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ ]„X ◊ªK˜_* TˆÁ, W˝[Ã ˝Á ◊V_Á],
=◊PˆÃ^Á ªJÙÁ[˝EıÁC XÁ*'' V◊Ã[˝V– %ÁÃ[˝C %Y“◊Tˆ\ˆ c˜cÕ_, \ˆG[˝ÁX„Eı ªJÙÁ[˝«Eı ]Á◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝
cÕ¨K˜ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ %X«TˆÁY X„c˜, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ Âÿoˆ„c˜Ã[˝ Y◊Ã[˝[˝„wÔ¯ A]X a«≥VÃ[˝ [˝Á_„EıÃ[˝ GÁ„Ã^
c˜ÁTˆ _ÁGÁXªRÙOÁ ◊PÊı Ã[˝”◊ªJÙaÜTˆ [˝◊_Ã^Á Â[˝ÁW˝ c˜cÕ_ XÁ* [˝Á_Eı %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ [˝◊__,
""ÂVF c˜◊Ã[˝„]Ác˜X, ^Ác˜ÁÃ[˝Á %Á]Á„Eı \ˆÃ^ XÁ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á aFÁÃ[˝ ]Tˆ ÂV„F, Âÿoˆc˜\ˆÁ„[˝
GÁ_ ÂVÃ^, %Á]ÁÃ[˝ a„Ü ÂF_Á Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ ªJÙÁÃ^, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á %Á]ÁÃ[˝ [˝QÕˆ ◊Y“Ã^* %Á◊]
ÂF_ÁÃ[˝ LXÓcÕ LGd a ◊rÙ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜, a[[˝ÔVÁ ÂF_ÁÃ[˝ =Y^«N˛ aÜ› Fg«◊L„Tˆ◊ªK˜*
◊Eı‹ô«ˆ, \ˆÁcÕ, YÁcÕ„Tˆ◊ªK˜ XÁ* aEı„_ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ Ây‘ÁW˝ Eı„Ã[˝, VÁ[˝› Eı„Ã[˝, VÁX
ªJÙÁÃ^, ]ÁX ªJÙÁÃ^, ]«◊N˛ ªJÙÁÃ^, \ˆ◊N˛ ªJÙÁÃ^, EıcÕ %Á]Á„Eı Tˆ ÂEıc˜ ªJÙÁÃ^ XÁ* ^Ác˜Á ªJÙÁÃ^,
%Á◊] ◊VcÕ* ◊Eı Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ a‹ô«ˆrÙcÕ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ c˜Ã^, X◊c˜„_ %Á]Á„Eı ŸªK˜◊QÕˆÃ^Á FÁcÕ„[˝*
T«ˆ◊]C ÂV◊F„Tˆ◊ªK˜, ◊EıªK«˜ ªJÙÁC* ◊[˝Ã[˝N˛ c˜cÕÃ^Á ªJÙÁ[˝EıÁcÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ Â_ÁEı ªJÙÁC, %Á]Á„Eı
ÂacÕ aÁW˝ ◊]ªRÙOÁcÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ QˆÁ◊EıÃ^ÁªK˜* ªJÙÁ[˝«„EıÃ[˝ Y“c˜ÁÃ[˝ FÁcÕ„Tˆ %Á◊aÃ^Á◊ªK˜ --- Â^
ÛÁ ]Áe Y“YVÓ„‹ôˆ* Tˆ„[˝ ^◊V Y“c˜Á„Ã[˝Ã[˝ %Á„G %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ]«„F £◊X„Tˆ ªJÙÁC, %Á]ÁÃ[˝
Y“SÁ_› [˝«MıÁcÕÃ^Á ◊V[˝* ÂEı]X Ã[˝ÁL› %ÁªK˜?'' c˜◊Ã[˝„]Ác˜X [˝◊__, ""YÁ◊Ã[˝◊[˝ Tˆ?
ÂV◊F„Tˆ◊ªK˜ [˝QÕˆ [˝◊Eı„Tˆ LÁ◊Xa, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ÂTˆÁÃ[˝ ]Tˆ Eı◊ªJÙ ÊªK˜„_ Â^ %Á]Á„Eı ◊EıªK«˜
◊`FÁcÕ„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝„[˝, TˆÁc˜Á ◊[˝`üÁa Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ ÂEıX?'' [˝Á_Eı %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ c˜Á◊aÃ^Á [˝◊__,
""Aa, ÂVF, YÁ◊Ã[˝ ◊EıXÁ*''
AcÕ [˝◊_Ã^Á `“›E ıb’ c˜◊Ã[˝„]Ác˜„XÃ[˝ ]ÁUÁÃ^ c˜ÁTˆ ◊V„_X* TˆFXcÕ V◊Ã[˝‰V–Ã[˝ a[[˝Ô
`Ã[˝›„Ã[˝ ◊[˝V«Ó„TˆÃ[˝ ÊÿÉˆÁTˆ ÂF◊_„Tˆ _Á◊G_, ]…_ÁW˝Á„Ã[˝ a«ä E«ıâ¯◊_X› `◊N˛ %◊G¬]Ã^›
\…ˆL◊ÜX›Ã[˝ %ÁEıÁ„Ã[˝ G#¤X Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á [˝–°˘Ã[˝‰µ–˘ ªK«˜◊ªRÙOÃ^Á %Á◊a_, ]◊ÿôˆõı Y“ÁS`◊N˛Ã[˝
TˆÃ[˝„Ü \ˆ◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ÂG_* YÃ[˝ ]«c…˜„wÔ¯ c˜◊Ã[˝„]Ác˜„XÃ[˝ ªJÙÁ◊Ã[˝W˝Á„Ã[˝ H„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ÂVCÃ^Á_ Â^X
V…„Ã[˝ Y_ÁcÕ„Tˆ _Á◊G_, XÁ]Ã[˝÷Y]Ã^ LGd Â^X TˆÁc˜Á„Eı Y◊Ã[˝TˆÓÁG Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á %X„‹ôˆ
_«hıÁ◊Ã^Tˆ c˜cÕ_* c˜◊Ã[˝„]Ác˜X [˝Ác˜Óp˚ÁX`…XÓ c˜cÕ_* ^FX %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ ËªJÙTˆXÓ c˜cÕ_, Âa
ÂV◊F_ ÂEıÁX %‰ªJÙXÁ [˝ÁQÕˆ›„Tˆ [˝Á_„EıÃ[˝ a„Ü VÒÁQÕˆÁcÕÃ^Á %Á‰ªK˜, a∂ˆÇ«„F GV›„Tˆ
[˝◊aÃ^Á GÁ„_ c˜ÁTˆ ◊VÃ^Á AEıLX [˝ à˘ Y“GÁªRÕÙ ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁÃ^ ◊X]G¬ Ã[˝◊c˜Ã^Á‰ªK˜X* ÂacÕ ÂHÁÃ[˝
V«◊∏JÙ‹ôˆÁ◊[˝Eı Tˆ c˜÷V^Ã ◊[˝VÁÃ[˝Eı ◊XÃ[˝Á`Á◊[˝]bÔ ]«F]â¯_ ÂV◊FÃ^Á c˜◊[Ã ˝„]Ác˜X ◊[˝`Áü a Eı◊[Ã ˝„Tˆ
ªJÙÁÃ^ XÁcÕ Â^ AcÕ [˝ à˘ G–Á„]Ã[˝ c˜wÔ¯ÁEıwÔ¯Á ◊TˆXEı◊QÕˆ `›_* Â`„b %◊Tˆ`Ã^ \ˆ›Tˆ
c˜cÕÃ^Á [˝Á_Eı„Eı [˝◊__, ""◊Eı Eı◊Ã[˝◊_ ÂEırÙÁ, ÊªJÙÁ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ]Tˆ ÂHÁÃ[˝ Ã[˝Áy›„Tˆ Y„Ã[˝Ã[˝
[˝ÁQÕˆ›„Tˆ ªR«Ù◊Eı◊_? Y«◊_a %Á◊aÃ^Á W˝◊Ã[˝Ã^Á Y“c˜Á„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ÊªJÙÁ‰ªRÙO V«cÕL„XÃ[˝ Y“ÁS [˝Á◊c˜Ã[˝
Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝ Â^! ◊TˆXEı◊QÕˆ `›„_Ã[˝ Y“TˆÁY LÁ◊Xa XÁ?'' [˝Á_Eı c˜Á◊aÃ^Á [˝◊__, ""F«[˝
LÁ◊X* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ªJ«Ù◊Ã[˝ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ Y«Ã[˝ÁTˆX [˝Ó[˝aÁ, Y«◊_„aÃ[˝ a„Ü %Á]ÁÃ[˝ Â[˝` H◊XúˆTˆÁ
%Á‰ªK˜, \ˆÃ^ XÁcÕ* AFX ÂTˆÁ]Á„Eı a…©øV ◊rÙ ◊V_Á], [˝ „à˘Ã[˝ ]„XÃ[˝ ◊\ˆTˆÃ[˝ ÂVF*
◊TˆXEı◊QÕˆÃ[˝ Y“TˆÁY LÁX, %Á]ÁÃ[˝ Y“TˆÁYC ÂVF*'' TˆFX c˜◊Ã[˝„]Ác˜X [˝ à˘ ◊TˆXEı◊QÕˆÃ[˝
]X ÂV◊F„Tˆ YÁcÕ_* ÂV◊F_, Â^X `y”-%Áy‘]„S ◊[˝W[˝ÿôˆ W˝XÁªRÙÓÁXGÃ[˝›, ÂacÕ Tˆ›©¬˘
CL◊ÿëˆX› [˝«◊à˘„Tˆ EıTˆ \ˆ›bS]…◊wÔ¯ ◊Y`ÁªJÙ C Ã[˝Ál˘a Y“„[˝` Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á `Á◊‹ôˆ ◊[˝XÁ`
Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜, W˝ÓÁX \ˆÜ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜, a«F _«¢ˆX Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜* [˝ à˘ ◊Y“Ã^ Eı◊XúˆY«„yÃ[˝
a„Ü Eı_c˜ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X, TˆÁQÕˆÁcÕÃ^Á ◊VÃ^Á‰ªK˜X; [˝ à˘EıÁ„_Ã[˝ Âÿoˆ„c˜Ã[˝ Y«y„Eı c˜ÁÃ[˝ÁcÕÃ^Á
Â`Á„Eı ◊∂ÉˆÃ^]ÁS, %UªJÙ Ây‘ÁW˝, G[[˝Ô, c˜PÊıÁ◊Ã[˝TˆÁ c˜÷VÃ^•Á„Ã[˝ %GÔ_ ◊VÃ^Á `Á‹óˆ›
ÿëˆY¬ 561
c˜cÕÃ^Á [˝◊aÃ^Á %Á‰ªK˜* l˘]ÁÃ[˝ Y“„[˝` ◊X„bW˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜* EıXÓÁÃ[˝ XÁ„] V«∏JÙ◊Ã[˝yÁ
[˝◊_Ã^Á Eı_·¯ Ã[˝◊ªRÙOÃ^Á‰ªK˜, [˝ à˘ TgˆÁc˜Á„Eı [˝ÁQÕˆ› c˜cÕ„Tˆ TˆÁQÕˆÁcÕÃ^Á ◊Y“ÃÊıXÓÁÃ[˝ LXÓ
EgıÁ◊V„Tˆ‰ªK˜X; [˝ à˘ LÁ„XX Âa ◊X„Å¤Áb, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ a]Á„LÃ[˝ \ˆÃ^, Â_ÁEı_#Á, %c˜·¯ÁÃ[˝,
ÿëˆÁUÔ Âÿoˆc˜„Eı ªJÙÁ◊YÃ^Á W˝◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜* ac˜ÿÉˆ YÁ„YÃ[˝ ÿˆÇ ◊Tˆ„Tˆ [˝ à˘ \ˆ›Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á [˝ÁÃ[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝
ªJÙ]◊EıÃ^Á =◊Pˆ„Tˆ‰ªK˜, TÛÁ◊Y YÁY Y“[˝ ◊w¯Ã[˝ aeïıÁ„Ã[˝ aÁcã [˝Á [˝_ XÁcÕ* ]Á„Mı
]Á„Mı ] T«ˆÓ C YÃ[˝„_Á„EıÃ[˝ ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ [˝ à˘„Eı %◊Tˆ ◊XVÁÃ[˝”S ◊[˝\ˆ›◊bEıÁ ÂVFÁcÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜*
c˜◊[Ã ˝„]Ác˜X ÂV◊F_, ]Ã[˝S-◊ªJÙ‹ˆô Á[Ã ˝ Y∏JÙÁd c˜c˜„O Tˆ ◊[˝EıRª ÙO ^]V…Tˆ ÂEı[˝_cÕ =◊Eı ]Á◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰Kª ˜
C EıYÁ‰ªRÙO PÊÀı PÊÀı Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜* ^Tˆ[˝ÁÃ[˝ AcÕÃ[˝÷Y `å c˜Ã^ [˝ „à˘Ã[˝ %‹ôˆÃ[˝Á±¡Á \ˆ„Ã^
=XΩw¯ c˜cÕÃ^Á ªJÙ›dEıÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á =‰Pˆ* AcÕ \ˆÃ^·¯Ã[˝ V `Ó ÂV◊FÃ^Á c˜◊Ã[˝„]Ác˜X %ÁTˆ„·¯
[˝Á_„EıÃ[˝ ◊V„Eı ªJÙÁ◊c˜Ã^Á [˝◊__, ""A ◊Eı„Ã[˝ ÂEırÙÁ, %Á◊] \ˆÁ◊[˝TˆÁ] [˝ à˘ YÃ[˝] a«F›*''
[˝Á_Eı [˝◊__, ""cÕc˜ÁcÕ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ Y“TˆÁY* [˝_ ÂV◊F EıÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Y“TˆÁY Â[˝`›, C-YÁQÕˆÁÃ[˝
◊TˆXEı◊QÕˆ `›„_Ã[˝, XÁ È[˝E«ı¢ˆ[˝Áa› `“›E ı„b’Ã[˝? ÂVF, c˜◊Ã[˝„]Ác˜X %Á]ÁÃ[˝C Y«◊_a
%Á‰ªK˜, YÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á %Á‰ªK˜, G[˝SÔ„]∞ªRÙO %Á‰ªK˜, %ÁcÕX %Á‰ªK˜, ◊[˝ªJÙÁÃ[˝ %Á‰ªK˜, %Á◊]C
Ã[˝ÁLÁ aÁ◊LÃ^Á ÂF_Á Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝, AcÕ ÂF_Á ◊Eı ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ \ˆÁ_ _Á„G?'' c˜◊Ã[˝„]Ác˜X
[˝◊__, ""XÁ [˝Á[˝Á* A Tˆ [˝QÕˆ [˝VÀ ÂF_Á* ÂTˆÁÃ[˝ [˝«◊Mı \ˆÁ_ _Á„G?'' [˝Á_Eı c˜Á◊aÃ^Á
[˝◊__, ""%Á]ÁÃ[˝ a[˝ ÂF_Á \ˆÁ_ _Á„G, ªJÙÁ[˝EıÁcÕ„TˆC \ˆÁ_[˝Á◊a, ªJÙÁ[˝«Eı FÁcÕ„TˆC
\ˆÁ_[˝Á◊a!'' TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ YÃ[˝ [˝◊__, ""ÂVF c˜◊Ã[˝„]Ác˜X ÂTˆÁ]Ã[˝Á ÂEı[˝_ [˝Á◊c˜Ã[˝ªRÙOÁ ÂVF,
◊\ˆTˆÃ[˝ªRÙOÁ ÂV◊F[˝ÁÃ[˝ a…©øV ◊rÙ AFXC ◊[˝EıÁ` EıÃ[˝ XÁcÕ* ÂacÕLXÓcÕ [˝_, T«ˆ◊] V«fF›,
%ÁÃ[˝ ◊TˆXEı◊QÕˆ a«F›* AcÕ Â_ÁEıªRÙO›Ã[˝ ÂEıÁXcÕ YÁ◊UÔ[˝ %\ˆÁ[˝ XÁcÕ --- %UªJÙ ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝
%„Yl˘Á AcÕ _l˘Y◊Tˆ EıTˆ %◊W˝Eı V«fF^‹óˆSÁ Â\ˆÁG Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜* ÂEıX, [˝◊_„Tˆ
YÁÃ[˝? ]„XÃ[˝ %[˝ÿöˆÁÃ^ a«F, ]„XÃ[˝ %[˝ÿöˆÁÃ^ V«fF* a«F V«fF ]„XÃ[˝ ◊[˝EıÁÃ[˝ ]Áy*
^Ác˜ÁÃ[˝ ◊EıªK«˜ XÁcÕ ◊[˝YVcÕ ^Ác˜ÁÃ[˝ a+◊w¯, cÕ¨K˜Á Eı◊Ã[˝„_ Âa ◊[˝Y„VÃ[˝ ]„W˝ÓC YÃ[˝]
a«F› c˜c˜„O Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝* %Á[˝Á[Ã ˝ ÂVF T«ˆ◊] Â^]X X›Ã[˝a Y«„SÓ ◊VX EıÁRª ÙÁO c˜^ÃO Á a«F YÁc˜„O TˆKª ˜
XÁ, ÂEı[˝_ V«fF ◊ªJÙ‹ˆô Á Eı◊Ã[˝„TˆKª ˜, c˜◊O XC Âac˜[ÃO ˝÷Y X›Ã[˝a YÁ„Y ◊VX EıÁªRÙÁO c˜^ÃO Á ÂEı[˝_cÕ
V«fF ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ Eı„Ã[˝X* TˆÁcÕ Y«„SÓÃ[˝ l˘◊SEı a«F [˝Á YÁ„YÃ[˝ l˘◊SEı V«fF [˝Á Y«„SÓÃ[˝
l˘◊SEı V«fF YÁ„YÃ[˝ l˘◊SEı a«F* AcÕ •„≥• %ÁX≥V XÁcÕ* %ÁX≥V-%ÁGÁ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ªK˜◊[˝
%Á]ÁÃ[˝ EıÁ‰ªK˜; %Á]ÁÃ[˝ EıÁ‰ªK˜ Â^ %Á„a, Â^ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ÊY“„] Y‰QÕˆ, %Á]Á„Eı aÁ„W˝,
%Á]ÁÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ ÂLÁÃ[˝ Eı„Ã[˝, %TˆÓÁªJÙÁÃ[˝ Eı„Ã[˝ --- Âa %Á]ÁÃ[˝ %ÁX„≥VÃ[˝ ªK˜◊[˝ %ÁVÁÃ^
Eı„Ã[˝*'' c˜◊Ã[˝„]Ác˜X %ÁG–c˜Y…[[˝ÔEı `“›E ı„b’Ã[˝ EıUÁ £◊X„Tˆ _Á◊G_* [˝Á_Eı %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝
[˝◊__, ""%ÁÃ[˝ ÂVF c˜◊Ã[˝„]Ác˜X, £õı Y«SÓ ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ ◊XEıªRÙO X›Ã[˝a c˜cÕÃ^Á Y◊QÕˆÃ^Á‰ªK˜
%UªJÙ aeïıÁ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ Y“\ˆÁ[˝ T«ˆ◊] ªK˜Á◊QÕˆ„Tˆ YÁÃ[˝ XÁ; ÂacÕ T«ˆ¨K˜ %c˜·¯ÁÃ[˝ LÃ^ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ
YÁÃ[˝ XÁ* [˝ „à˘Ã[˝ ◊XEıªRÙO YÁY X›Ã[˝a c˜cÕÃ^Á Y◊QÕˆÃ^Á‰ªK˜ %UªJÙ aeïıÁ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ Y“\ˆÁ„[˝
◊Tˆ◊XC TˆÁc˜Á ªK˜Á◊QÕˆ„Tˆ XÁ YÁ◊Ã[˝Ã^Á --- cÕc˜L›[˝„X XÃ[˝Eı^‹óˆSÁ Â\ˆÁG Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜X*
cÕc˜Á„Eı Y«„SÓÃ[˝ [˝µ˘X, YÁ„YÃ[˝ [˝µ˘X [˝„_* %p˚ÁXLÁTˆ aeïıÁÃ[˝ ÂacÕ [˝µ˘„XÃ[˝
Ã[˝#«* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ [˝ „à˘Ã[˝ AcÕ XÃ[˝Eı^‹óˆSÁ [˝QÕˆ £\ˆ %[˝ÿöˆÁ* TˆÁc˜Á„Tˆ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Y◊Ã[˝yÁS
C ]Ü_ c˜cÕ„[˝*''
c˜◊Ã[˝„]Ác˜X ATˆl˘S X›Ã[˝„[˝ EıUÁ £◊X„Tˆ◊ªK˜_, AFX [˝◊__, ""ÂEırÙÁ, ÂTˆÁÃ[˝
EıUÁ [˝QÕˆ ◊]‰Pˆ, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ Y“TˆÓÃ^ c˜cÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜ XÁ* a«F V«fF ]„XÃ[˝ ◊[˝EıÁÃ[˝ c˜cÕ„Tˆ
YÁ„Ã[˝, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ [˝Á◊c˜ÓEı %[˝ÿöˆÁ TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ EıÁÃ[˝S* ÂVF, l«˘W˝ÁÃ[˝ LùÁ_ÁÃ^ ^FX ]X ªK˜ªRÀÙO ZıªRÙOÀ
Eı„Ã[˝, ÂEıc˜ ◊Eı YÃ[˝] a«F› c˜cÕ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝? %U[˝Á ^FX ÂÃ[˝Á„G [˝Á ^‹óˆSÁÃ^ `Ã[˝›Ã[˝
EıÁTˆÃ[˝ c˜Ã^, TˆFX ◊Eı ÂEıc˜ ÂTˆÁÃ[˝ EıUÁ \ˆÁ◊[˝„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝?'' [˝Á_Eı [˝◊__, ""Aa,
c˜◊Ã[˝„]Ác˜X, TˆÁc˜ÁC ÂTˆÁ]Á„Eı ÂVFÁcÕ[˝*'' AcÕ [˝◊_Ã^Á [˝Á_Eı %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ c˜◊Ã[˝„]Ác˜„XÃ[˝
]ÁUÁÃ^ c˜ÁTˆ ◊V_, &`Ô %X«\ˆ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝Á]Áy c˜◊Ã[˝„]Ác˜X ÂV◊F_ %ÁÃ[˝ ◊TˆXEı◊QÕˆ
`›„_Ã[˝ [˝ÁQÕˆ› XÁcÕ, ◊X#¤X a«Ã[˝]Ó Y[[˝Ô„TˆÃ[˝ [˝ÁÃ^«„a◊[˝Tˆ ◊`F„Ã[˝ AEıLX a~ÓÁa›
%Áa›X, W˝ÓÁ„X ]G¬, ªJÙÃ[˝S Y“Á„‹ôˆ Y“EıÁâ¯ [˝ÓÁH– Y“c˜Ã[˝›Ã[˝ XÓÁÃ^ `Á◊Ã^Tˆ* [˝ÓÁH– ÂV◊FÃ^Á
c˜◊Ã[˝„]Ác˜„XÃ[˝ ªJÙÃ[˝S•Ã^ %G–aÃ[˝ c˜cÕ„Tˆ XÁÃ[˝ÁL c˜cÕ_, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ [˝Á_Eı TˆÁc˜Á„Eı ªRÙOÁ◊XÃ^Á
a~ÓÁa›Ã[˝ ◊XEıªRÙO _cÕÃ^Á ÂG_* [˝Á_„EıÃ[˝ a„Ü ÂLÁ„Ã[˝ XÁ YÁ◊Ã[˝Ã^Á c˜◊Ã[˝„]Ác˜X %GTˆÓÁ
ªJÙ◊__* [˝Á_Eı [˝◊__, ""ÂVF c˜◊Ã[˝„]Ác˜X*'' c˜◊Ã[˝„]Ác˜X ªJÙÁ◊c˜Ã^Á ÂV◊F_, a~ÓÁa›Ã[˝
]X TˆÁc˜Á[Ã ˝ Jª Ù„l˘[Ã ˝ aÁ]„X ÂFÁ_Á FÁTˆÁ[Ã ˝ ]Tˆ [Ã ˝◊c˜^Ã Á‰ªK˜, TˆÁc˜Á[Ã ˝ Y úˆÁ^Ã Y úˆÁ^Ã `“›E ıb’XÁ]
ac˜ÿÉˆ[˝ÁÃ[˝ Â_FÁ* a~ÓÁa› ◊X◊[[˝ÔEıî a]Á◊W˝Ã[˝ ◊aec˜•ÁÃ[˝ YÁÃ[˝ c˜cÕÃ^Á a…^ÔÓÁ„_Á„Eı
`“›E ı„b’Ã[˝ a„Ü y‘›QÕˆÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜X* %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÂV◊F_, a~ÓÁa› %„XEı◊VX %XÁc˜Á„Ã[˝
Ã[˝◊c˜Ã^Á‰ªK˜, GTˆ V«cÕ ◊VX `Ã[˝›Ã[˝ l«˘d◊YYÁaÁÃ^ ◊[˝„`b EırÙ YÁcÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜* c˜◊Ã[˝„]Ác˜X
[˝◊__, ""A ◊Eı„Ã[˝ ÂEırÙÁ? [˝Á[˝ÁL› ÂTˆÁ„Eı ATˆ \ˆÁ_[˝Á„aX, %UªJÙ l«˘d◊YYÁaÁ
Â\ˆÁG Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜X* ÂTˆÁÃ[˝ ◊Eı ÂEıÁX EıÁâ¯p˚ÁX XÁcÕ! AcÕ ◊X#¤X [˝ÓÁH–a·«¯_ %Ã[˝„SÓ
ÂEı TgˆÁc˜Á„Ã[˝ %Ác˜ÁÃ[˝ ◊V„[˝!'' [˝Á_Eı [˝◊__, ""%Á◊] ◊V[˝, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ %ÁÃ[˝ AEı ]LÁ
ÂVF*'' c˜◊Ã[˝„]Ác˜X ÂV◊F_, [˝ÓÁH– =◊PˆÃ^Á TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ UÁ[˝ÁÃ[˝ AEı Y“c˜Á„Ã[˝ ◊XEıªRÙO[˝w¯fi
[˝_Ω›Eı \ˆÁ◊ÜÃ^Á ◊V_* l«˘V– `Tˆ `Tˆ ◊YY›◊_EıÁ [˝Á◊c˜Ã[˝ c˜cÕÃ^Á Ây‘Á„W˝ a~ÓÁa›Ã[˝
GÁ„Ã^ =◊PˆÃ^Á Ve`X Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ _Á◊G_* a~ÓÁa› W˝ÓÁX]G¬, ◊X∏JÙ_, %ªRÙO_* TˆFX
[˝Á_Eı a~ÓÁa›Ã[˝ EıSÔE«ıc˜„Ã[˝ %◊Tˆ ]W˝«Ã[˝ ÿëˆ„Ã[˝ AEı[˝ÁÃ[˝ QˆÁ◊Eı_, ""a„F!'' a~ÓÁa›
ªJÙl«˘ =XΩ›_X Eı◊Ã[˝„_X* Y“U„] Â]Ác˜-LùÁ_Á]Ã^ Ve`X %X«\ˆ[˝ Eı„Ã[˝X XÁ, TˆFXC
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EıSÔE«ıc˜„Ã[˝ ÂacÕ ◊[˝`ü[˝Á◊s˙Tˆ ◊ªJÙw¯c˜ÁÃ[˝› [˝e`›Ã[˝[˝ [˝Á◊L„Tˆ‰ªK˜ --- Â^]X [˝ ≥VÁ[˝„X

Ã[˝ÁW˝ÁÃ[˝ EıÁ„X [˝Á◊LÃ^Á◊ªK˜_* TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Y„Ã[˝ `Tˆ `Tˆ Ve`„X [˝«◊à˘ `Ã[˝›Ã[˝ ◊V„Eı %ÁE ırÙ
c˜cÕ_* a~ÓÁa› X◊QÕˆ„_X XÁ --- a◊[˝ÿˆÇ„Ã^ ]„X ]„X [˝◊_„Tˆ _Á◊G„_X, ""A ◊Eı?
%Á]ÁÃ[˝ A]X Tˆ EıFXC c˜Ã^ XÁcÕ* ^ÁEÀı `“›E ıb’ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ a„Ü y‘›QÕˆÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜X,
l«˘V– ◊YY›◊_EıÁªJÙ^Ã [Ã ˝÷„Y %Á]Á„Eı Ve`X Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰Kª ˜X*'' c˜◊[Ã ˝„]Ác˜X ÂV◊F_, Ve`„XÃ[˝
LùÁ_Á [˝«◊à˘„Tˆ %ÁÃ[˝ ÂYgÏ‰ªK˜ XÁ, Y“„TˆÓEı Ve`„X ◊Tˆ◊X Tˆ›[˝– `ÁÃ[˝›◊Ã[˝Eı %ÁX≥V %X«\ˆ[˝
Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á E ıb’XÁ] =¨JÙÁÃ[˝SY…[[˝ÔEı %W˝›Ã[˝ %ÁX„≥V c˜ÁTˆTˆÁ◊_ ◊VÃ^Á X TˆÓ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ
_Á◊G„_X* ◊YY›◊_EıÁm◊_ ]Á◊ªRÙO„Tˆ Y◊QÕˆÃ^Á Y_ÁcÕÃ^Á ÂG_* c˜◊Ã[˝„]Ác˜X a◊[˝ÿˆÇ„Ã^
◊Lp˚ÁaÁ Eı◊Ã[˝_, ""ÂEırÙÁ, A ◊Eı ]ÁÃ^Á!'' [˝Á_Eı c˜ÁTˆTˆÁ◊_ ◊VÃ^Á V«cÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ AEı YÁ„Ã^Ã[˝
=YÃ[˝ H«◊Ã[˝Ã^Á =¨JÙc˜ÁaÓ Eı◊Ã[˝_, ""%Á◊]cÕ LG„TˆÃ[˝ AEı]Áy ^ÁV«EıÃ[˝! A ]ÁÃ^Á
[˝«◊Mı„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝„[˝ XÁ, AcÕ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ YÃ[˝] Ã[˝cãÓ* ÂV◊F„_? ^‹óˆSÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝ÓC %Á]Á„Eı
\ˆÁ◊[˝„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝„_X Tˆ! %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÂVF*'' a~ÓÁa› Y“E ı◊Tˆÿöˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ [˝◊a„_X;
`Ã[˝›Ã[˝ l«˘d◊YYÁaÁ Â\ˆÁG Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ _Á◊G_, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ c˜◊Ã[˝„]Ác˜X ÂV◊F_ a~ÓÁa›Ã[˝ [˝«◊à˘
ÂacÕ `ÁÃ[˝›◊Ã[˝Eı ◊[˝EıÁÃ[˝ %X«\ˆ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜ ]Áy, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ TˆÁc˜Á„Tˆ ◊[˝E ıTˆ [˝Á ◊_ä
c˜cÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜ XÁ* AcÕ a]„Ã^ YÁc˜ÁQÕˆ c˜cÕ„Tˆ ÂEı [˝e`›◊[˝◊X◊≥VTˆ ÿëˆ„Ã[˝ QˆÁ◊Eı_, ""a„F!''
c˜◊Ã[˝„]Ác˜X ªJÙ]◊Eı_* A Â^ `ÓÁ]a«≥V„Ã[˝Ã[˝cÕ ]W˝«Ã[˝ [˝e`›◊[˝◊X◊≥VTˆ ÿëˆÃ[˝* TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Y„Ã[˝
ÂV◊F_, ◊`_ÁªJÙ„Ã^Ã[˝ Y∏JÙÁd c˜cÕ„Tˆ AEıªRÙO› a«≥VÃ[˝ E ıb’[˝SÔ [˝Á_Eı UÁ_ÁÃ^ =w¯]
%Ác˜ÁÃ[˝ C Zı_ _cÕÃ^Á %Á◊a„Tˆ‰ªK˜* c˜◊Ã[˝„]Ác˜X c˜Tˆ[˝«◊à˘ c˜cÕÃ^Á `“›E ı„b’Ã[˝ ◊V„Eı
ªJÙÁ◊c˜_* [˝Á_Eı TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ YÁ„`üÔ VÒÁQÕˆÁcÕÃ^Á %Á‰ªK˜, %UªJÙ Â^ [˝Á_Eı %Á◊a„Tˆ‰ªK˜, ÂaC
%◊[˝Eı_ `“›E ıb’* %YÃ[˝ [˝Á_Eı %Á◊aÃ^Á a~ÓÁa›„Eı UÁ_Á ÂVFÁcÕÃ^Á [˝◊__, ""ÂVFÀ,
◊Eı A„X◊ªK˜*'' a~ÓÁa› c˜Á◊aÃ^Á [˝◊_„_X, ""A◊_? ATˆ◊VX XÁ FÁCÃ^ÁcÕÃ^Á Ã[˝Á◊F◊_
Â^? ^ÁEÀı, A◊_ Tˆ Â[˝ÁaÀ, %Á]ÁÃ[˝ a„Ü FÁ*'' a~ÓÁa› C [˝Á_Eı ÂacÕ UÁ_ÁÃ[˝
FÁVÓ FÁcÕ„Tˆ [˝◊a_, YÃ[˝&Ã[˝„Eı FÁCÃ^ÁcÕ„Tˆ _Á◊G_, EıÁQÕˆÁEıÁ◊QÕ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ _Á◊G_*
%Ác˜ÁÃ[˝ Â`b c˜cÕ„_ [˝Á_Eı UÁ_Á _cÕÃ^Á %µ˘EıÁ„Ã[˝ ◊]◊`Ã^Á ÂG_*
c˜◊Ã[˝„]Ác˜X ◊Eı ◊Lp˚ÁaÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ ^ÁcÕ„Tˆ◊ªK˜_, c˜PˆÁd ÂV◊F_ `“›E ıb’ %ÁÃ[˝ XÁcÕ,
a~ÓÁa›C XÁc˜,O [˝ÓÁH–C XÁc˜,O Y[[˝TÔ ˆC XÁc˜*O Âa AEıRª Ù›O \ˆV– Y{›„Tˆ [˝Áa Eı◊[Ã ˝„Tˆ‰Kª ˜;
◊[˝ÿôˆÃ[˝ W˝X„VÏ_Tˆ %Á‰ªK˜, ÿóˆ›-Y◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ %Á‰ªK˜, ÂÃ[˝ÁL [˝–Á°˘S„Eı VÁX Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜,
◊\ˆl«˘Eı„Eı VÁX Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜, ◊≈yaµ˘ÓÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜, `Á‰ÿóˆ ÁN˛ %ÁªJÙÁÃ[˝ a^‰±Ûˆ Ã[˝l˘Á Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á
Ã[˝H«X≥VX-Y“V◊`ÔTˆ Y„U ªJÙ◊_„Tˆ‰ªK˜, %ÁV`Ô ◊YTˆÁ, %ÁV`Ô ÿëˆÁ]›, %ÁV`Ô Y«y c˜cÕÃ^Á
L›[˝X^ÁYX Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ YÃ[˝ ]«c…˜„wÔ¯ \ˆ›Tˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á ÂV◊F_ Â^ ^Ác˜ÁÃ[˝Á Âa \ˆV–-
Y{›„Tˆ [˝Áa Eı„Ã[˝, TˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó Â_`]Áy a‡ˆÁ[˝ [˝Á %ÁX≥V XÁc˜,O ^‹óˆ[˝d [˝Á◊c˜„[Ã ˝[Ã ˝
%ÁªJÙÁ[Ã ˝ [Ã ˝l˘Á„EıcÕ Y«SÓ p˚ÁX Eı◊[Ã ˝„Tˆ‰Kª ˜* Y“U]ªRÙÁO c˜◊[Ã ˝„]Ác˜„XÃ[˝ Â^]X %ÁX≥V c˜c˜^ÃO Á◊ªK˜_,
AFX ÂTˆ]XcÕ ^‹óˆSÁ c˜cÕ„Tˆ _Á◊G_* TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Â[˝ÁW˝ c˜cÕ_ Â^X TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ◊[˝b] T ˆb’Á
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ÂG_, ÂaFÁ„X AEıªRÙO› Y“EıÁâ¯ %vÙÁ◊_EıÁÃ[˝ a∂ˆÇ«„F %Y…[[˝Ô LXTˆÁ C %Á`›[[˝ÔÁ„VÃ[˝
ÂÃ[˝Á_ =◊Pˆ„Tˆ◊Kª ˜_* c˜◊[Ã ˝„]Ác˜X %G–a[Ã ˝ c˜c˜^ÃO Á ÂV◊F_, ◊TˆXEı◊QÕˆ `›_ VÁ_Á„X [˝◊aÃ^Á
ÂacÕ LXTˆÁ[Ã ˝ ]„W˝Ó %„`b W˝X ◊[˝Tˆ[Ã ˝S Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰Kª ˜X, ÂEıc˜cÕ ◊XÃ[˝Á` c˜c˜^ÃO Á ◊Zı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰Kª ˜
XÁ* c˜◊Ã[˝„]Ác˜X =¨JÙc˜ÁaÓ Eı◊Ã[˝_, Âa \ˆÁ◊[˝_, ""A◊Eı ÿëˆY¬! ◊TˆXEı◊QÕˆ `›_ %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝
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%T ˆä Ã[˝Á◊FÃ^Á‰ªK˜X, ◊ªJÙw¯ c˜cÕ„Tˆ TˆÁQÕˆÁcÕÃ^Á ÂVX XÁcÕ* AcÕ a]Ã^ %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÂEı
c˜◊[Ã ˝„]Ác˜X„Eı W˝◊[Ã ˝^Ã Á TˆÁQÕˆÁTˆÁ◊QÕˆ YÃ[˝„_ÁEı }]S Eı[Ã ˝Ác˜^ÃO Á %Á◊X_* c˜◊[Ã ˝„]Ác˜X ◊c˜≥V«[Ã ˝
XÃ[˝Eı, F rÙÁ„XÃ[˝ XÃ[˝Eı, ]«a_]Á„XÃ[˝ XÃ[˝Eı, G–›Eı„VÃ[˝ XÃ[˝Eı, ◊c˜≥V«Ã[˝ ÿëˆGÔ, F rÙÁ„XÃ[˝
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Â^ ÿëˆGÔ XÃ[˝Eı ÂV◊F„_, Âa ÿëˆY¬LG„TˆÃ[˝, EıîXÁa rÙ* ]ÁX«b ]◊Ã[˝„_ ÿëˆGÔ XÃ[˝„Eı
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ÊY“] ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ c˜÷V„Ã^ ÿöˆÁX YÁÃ^ XÁcÕ, XÁ T«ˆ◊] <`üÃ[˝„Eı \ˆÁ_[˝Á◊aÃ^ÁªK˜, XÁ ]ÁX«b„Eı*
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Â\ˆÁG Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ _Á◊G„_, Â\ˆÁG Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ Âa \ˆÁ[˝ %ÁÃ[˝ \ˆÁ_ _Á„G XÁ, Y“ÁS
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L›[˝„XÃ[˝ Y«SÓZı_ Â\ˆÁG Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ LXΩ c˜cÕ_* ÂacÕ L›[˝„X l«˘V–
l«˘V– ÈX◊]◊w¯Eı VÁX ◊\ˆ~, X›Ã[˝a [˝Á◊c˜ÓEı [˝Ó[˝c˜ÁÃ[˝ ◊\ˆ~ EıÁc˜ÁÃ[˝C %\ˆÁ[˝ V…Ã[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝
LXÓ ◊EıªK«˜ EıÃ[˝ XÁcÕ [˝◊_Ã^Á AcÕ L„XΩ ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ ATˆ %\ˆÁ[˝* %ÁÃ[˝ AFXC Â^
X›Ã[˝a Y«SÓ Eı◊Ã[˝„TˆªK˜, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ EıÁÃ[˝S AcÕ Â^, ÂEı[˝_ ÿëˆY¬LG„TˆÃ[˝ Â\ˆÁ„G YÁY
Y«SÓ a+…SÔ l˘Ã^ c˜Ã^ XÁ, Y ◊U[˝›„Tˆ Eı∂ˆÇÔZı_ Â\ˆÁ„G l˘Ã^ c˜Ã^* ◊TˆXEı◊QÕˆ GTˆL„XΩ
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•ÁÃ[˝Á %]Ü_ a ◊rÙ, A[˝e ]Ü_ •ÁÃ[˝Á ]Ü_ a ◊rÙ* cÕc˜Á Y“ÁE ı◊TÊı ◊XÃ^]* YÁY
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Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ ÂTˆÁ]Ã[˝Á LXΩG–c˜S EıÃ[˝* ^FX YÁY-Y«„SÓÃ[˝ c˜ÁTˆ c˜cÕ„Tˆ Y◊Ã[˝yÁS
YÁcÕÃ^Á ÊY“]Ã[˝Á„LÓ YVÁYÔS EıÃ[˝, TˆFX AcÕ EıÁ^ÔÓ c˜cÕ„Tˆ %[˝ÓÁc˜◊Tˆ YÁC* YÃ[˝L„XΩ
T«ˆ◊]C %[˝ÓÁc˜◊Tˆ YÁcÕ„[˝* %Á◊] %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ◊Y“Ã^ \ˆ◊GX› `◊N˛ C TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ac˜ªJÙÃ[˝›
◊[˝VÓÁ„Eı ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ EıÁ‰ªK˜ YÁPˆÁcÕ[˝, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ÂVF, AEı awÔ¯ %Á‰ªK˜, T«ˆ◊] %Á]ÁÃ[˝ ÂF_ÁÃ[˝
aÁU› c˜cÕ„[˝, ]«◊N˛ ªJÙÁcÕ„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝„[˝ XÁ* Ã[˝Á◊L?'' c˜◊Ã[˝„]Ác˜X [˝◊__, ""ÂEırÙÁ, T«ˆcÕ
%Á]Á„Eı mS Eı◊Ã[˝◊_! ÂTˆÁ„Eı ÂEıÁ„_ _cÕÃ^Á %ÁVÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ [˝QÕˆ cÕ¨K˜Á Eı„Ã[˝, Â^X
AcÕ L›[˝„X %ÁÃ[˝ ÂEıÁX [˝ÁaXÁ XÁcÕ*''
[˝Á_Eı c˜Á◊aÃ^Á [˝◊__, ""c˜◊[Ã ˝„]Ác˜X, ◊EıKª ˜« [˝◊« Mı„_?'' c˜◊[Ã ˝„]Ác˜X [˝◊__, ""[˝◊« Mı_Á]
[˝cÕ ◊Eı*'' TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Y„Ã[˝ AEıªªR«ÙO \ˆÁ◊[˝Ã^Á [˝◊__, ""C„Ã[˝ ÂEırÙÁ %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ ZgıÁ≈◊Eı ◊V◊_*
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[˝Á_„EıÃ[˝ c˜ÁTˆ W˝◊Ã[˝_* [˝Á_Eı c˜ÁTˆ EıÁ◊QÕˆÃ^Á _cÕÃ^Á c˜◊Ã[˝„]Ác˜X„Eı `ÁaÁcÕÃ^Á [˝◊__,
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A„Eı[˝Á„Ã[˝ \«ˆ◊_Ã^Á ÂG„_ Â^! ÂacÕ \ˆ„Ã^ ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ ÂEıÁ„_ [˝◊a_Á] XÁ, EıFX
[˝Á◊c˜ÓEı V«f„F ªJÙ◊ªRÙOÃ^Á %Á]Á„Eı =w¯] ◊`l˘Á ◊V„[˝! ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ =YÃ[˝ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ Â_`]Áy
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[˝◊__, ""XÁ, Âa a«F ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ YÃ[˝L„XΩÃ[˝ LXÓ Ã[˝Á◊F_Á]* %Á◊a*'' AcÕ [˝◊_Ã^Á
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£◊X„Tˆ £◊X„Tˆ LÁ◊GÃ^Á =◊Pˆ_* LÁ◊GÃ^Á \ˆÁ◊[˝_, ""A ◊Eı Ã[˝Eı] ÿëˆY¬ ÂV◊F_Á]!
XÃ[˝Eı ÂV◊F_Á], ÿëˆGÔ ÂV◊F_Á], TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó \ˆG[˝ÁX„Eı T«ˆcÕ [˝◊__Á], ÊªK˜ÁªRÙO ÊªK˜„_
[˝◊« Mı^Ã Á EıTˆ W˝]Eı ◊V_Á]* ◊Eı YÁY! ^Á Âc˜ÁEı, Y“Á„S Â[˝` `Á◊‹ôˆ %X«\ˆ[˝ Eı◊[Ã ˝„Tˆ◊Kª ˜*''
c˜◊Ã[˝„]Ác˜X TˆFX E ıb’[˝SÔ [˝Á_„EıÃ[˝ Â]Ác˜X]…◊wÔ¯ \ˆÁ◊[˝„Tˆ [˝◊a_ A[˝e ]Á„Mı ]Á„Mı
[˝◊_„Tˆ _Á◊G_, ""◊Eı a«≥VÃ[˝! ◊Eı a«≥VÃ[˝!''
l˘]ÁÃ[˝ %ÁV`Ô
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E«ı_ E«ı_ `„å [˝ÁÃ^«Ã[˝ a„Ü a«Ã[˝ ◊]`ÁcÕÃ^Á XÁ◊ªJÙ„Tˆ XÁ◊ªJÙ„Tˆ [˝◊c˜Ã^Á ^ÁcÕ„Tˆ◊ªK˜_* %ÁW˝
ÂLÁªK˜XÁ %ÁW˝ %µ˘EıÁ„Ã[˝ ◊]◊`Ã^Á Y ◊U[˝›Ã[˝ ÂaÏ≥V^ÔÓ %Y…[[˝Ô ÂVFÁcÕ„Tˆ◊ªK˜_* ªJÙÁ◊Ã[˝◊V„Eı
@◊bÃ[˝ %Á`“]* AEı AEıªRÙO› %Á`“] X≥VX[˝X„Eı ◊W˝hıÁÃ[˝ Y“VÁX Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ◊ªK˜_* AEı
AEıFÁ◊X @◊bÃ[˝ E«ı◊ªRÙOÃ[˝ TˆÃ[˝”, Y«πY C [˝ l˘_TˆÁ Â`Á◊\ˆTˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á %Y…[[˝Ô `“› W˝ÁÃ[˝S
Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜_* AEı◊VX AcÕÃ[˝÷Y ÂLÓÁdÿoˆÁY«_◊EıTˆ Ã[˝Á‰y [˝–°˘◊bÔ [˝◊`úˆ„V[˝ ac˜W˝◊∂ˆÇÔS›
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Â^ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ `TˆY«y c˜cÕ„Tˆ [˝◊á˚Tˆ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜ --- '' AcÕ EıUÁ [˝◊_„Tˆ [˝◊_„Tˆ ÂV[˝›Ã[˝
a«Ã[˝ %`“”Y…SÔ c˜cÕÃ^Á =◊Pˆ_, a]ÿôˆ Y…[[˝ÔÿˆÇ ◊Tˆ LÁ◊GÃ^Á =◊Pˆ_, Âa %Y…[[˝Ô `Á◊‹ôˆÃ[˝
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AcÕ ÂLÁªK˜XÁ„`Á◊\ˆTˆ Ã[˝Á‰y Â[˝VGÁX Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á Â[˝QÕˆÁcÕTˆ, `TˆY«ycÕ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ Â[˝Vp˚ C
[˝–°˘◊Xúˆ, %Á]ÁÃ[˝ AcÕÃ[˝÷Y `TˆY«ycÕ Âa ◊[˝XrÙ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜; TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ %Á`“] c˜cÕ„Tˆ
%Á]Á„Eı _[˝S ◊\ˆl˘Á Eı◊[Ã ˝^Ã Á %Á◊X„Tˆ [˝◊_„Tˆ‰Kª ˜X? %Á◊] ◊EıeEıw¯Ô [˝Ó◊[˝]Rª… ÙÕ c˜c˜^ÃO Á◊ªK˜*''
W˝›„Ã[˝ W˝›„Ã[˝ @◊bÃ[˝ ]«F ÂLÓÁ◊TˆY…SÔ c˜cÕÃ^Á =◊Pˆ_, W˝›„Ã[˝ W˝›„Ã[˝ aÁG„Ã[˝ÁY] c˜÷VÃ^
c˜cÕ„Tˆ AcÕ EıÃ^ªRÙO› [˝ÁEıÓ ◊Xfa Tˆ c˜cÕ_, --- ""ÂV[˝›, %Á◊] TˆÁc˜Á„Eı Â^ \ˆÁ_[˝Á◊a*''
%Ã[˝”µ˘Tˆ›Ã[˝ ◊[˝ÿˆÇÃ^ %ÁÃ[˝C [˝◊à˘¤Tˆ c˜cÕ_, ◊Tˆ◊X [˝◊_„_X, ""%ÁY◊X ^◊V TˆÁc˜Á„Eı
\ˆÁ_[˝Á„aX Tˆ TˆÁc˜Á„Eı "[˝–°˘◊bÔ' [˝◊_Ã^Á a„∂ëˆÁW˝X Eı◊Ã[˝„_cÕ ªTˆ LtÁ_ ◊]◊ªRÙOÃ^Á
^ÁcÕTˆ, %Á]Á„EıC `TˆY«y c˜cÕ„Tˆ [˝◊á˚Tˆ c˜cÕ„Tˆ c˜cÕTˆ XÁ*'' @◊bÃ[˝ ]«F %Y…[[˝Ô `“›
W˝ÁÃ[˝S Eı◊Ã[˝_, [˝◊_„_X, ""TˆÁc˜Á„Eı \ˆÁ_[˝Á◊a [˝◊_Ã^ÁcÕ Tˆ TˆÁc˜Á„Eı [˝–°˘◊bÔ [˝◊_ XÁcÕ,
%Á◊] TˆÁc˜Á„Eı [˝–°˘◊bÔ [˝◊_ XÁcÕ [˝◊_Ã^ÁcÕ TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ [˝–°˘◊bÔ c˜cÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ %Á`Á %Á‰ªK˜*''
%ÁL ◊[˝`üÁ◊]y Ây‘Á„W˝ p˚ÁX`…XÓ* %ÁL %ÁÃ[˝ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ TˆYaÓÁÃ^ ]„XÁ◊X„[˝`
c˜cÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜ XÁ* ◊Tˆ◊X a·¯î Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X %ÁL ^◊V [˝◊`úˆ TgˆÁc˜Á„Eı [˝–°˘◊bÔ XÁ [˝„_X
TˆÁc˜Á c˜cÕ„_ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Y“ÁSaec˜ÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝X* a·¯î EıÁ„^ÔÓ Y◊Ã[˝STˆ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ
◊Tˆ◊X TˆÃ[˝[˝Á◊Ã[˝ c˜‰ÿôˆ E«ı◊ªRÙOÃ[˝ c˜cÕ„Tˆ [˝◊c˜GÔTˆ c˜cÕ„_X* W˝›„Ã[˝ W˝›„Ã[˝ [˝◊`úˆ„V„[˝Ã[˝ E«ı◊ªRÙOÃ[˝
YÁ„`üÔ %Á◊aÃ^Á VÒÁQÕˆÁcÕ„_X* VÒÁQÕˆÁcÕÃ^Á VÒÁQÕˆÁcÕÃ^Á [˝◊`úˆ„V„[˝Ã[˝ a]ÿôˆ EıUÁ £◊X„_X*
]«◊rÙ[˝à˘ TˆÃ[˝[˝Á◊Ã[˝ c˜‰ÿôˆ ◊`◊U_ c˜cÕÃ^Á Y◊QÕˆ_* \ˆÁ◊[˝„_X, ""◊Eı Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜, XÁ LÁ◊XÃ^Á
l˘]ÁÃ[˝ %ÁV`Ô 567
◊Eı %XÓÁÃ^ EıÁ^ÔÓ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜, XÁ LÁ◊XÃ^Á EıÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ◊X◊[[˝ÔEıÁÃ[˝ ◊ªJÙ„w¯ [˝ÓUÁ ◊V„Tˆ ÊªJÙrÙÁ
Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜*'' c˜÷V„Ã^ `Tˆ [˝ ◊∏JÙEı Ve`X ^‹óˆSÁ %X«\…ˆTˆ c˜cÕ_* %X«TˆÁ„Y c˜÷VÃ^ VÑ˘
c˜cÕ„Tˆ _Á◊G_* ÂVÏ◊QÕˆÃ^Á ◊GÃ^Á [˝◊`„úˆÃ[˝ YVY“Á„‹ôˆ Y◊TˆTˆ c˜cÕ„_X* ◊EıªK«˜l˘S [˝ÁEıÓ-
ÿˆè…ı◊wÔ¯ c˜cÕ_ XÁ, l˘SY„Ã[˝ [˝◊_„_X, --- ""l˘]Á EıÃ[˝”X, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ %Á◊] l˘]Á◊\ˆl˘ÁÃ[˝C
%„^ÁGÓ*'' G◊[[˝ÔTˆ c˜÷VÃ^ %XÓ ◊EıªK«˜ [˝◊_„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝_ XÁ* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ [˝◊`úˆ ◊Eı Eı◊Ã[˝„_X?
[˝◊`úˆ V«cÕ c˜ÁTˆ ◊VÃ^Á TgˆÁc˜Á„Eı W˝◊Ã[˝Ã^Á [˝◊_„_X, ""=Pˆ, [˝–°˘◊bÔ =Pˆ*'' ◊•mS _#ÁÃ^
◊[˝`üÁ◊]y [˝◊_„_X, ""Y“\«ˆ, ÂEıX _#Á ÂVX*'' [˝◊`úˆ„V[˝ =w¯Ã[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„_X, ""%Á◊]
EıFXC ◊]UÓÁ [˝◊_ XÁ --- %ÁL T«ˆ◊] [˝–°˘◊bÔ c˜cÕÃ^ÁªK˜, %ÁL T«ˆ◊] %◊\ˆ]ÁX TˆÓÁG
Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^ÁªK˜* %ÁL T«ˆ◊] [˝–°˘◊bÔ-YV _Á\ˆ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^ÁªK˜*'' ◊[˝`ü◊]y [˝◊_„_X, ""%Á]Á„Eı
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◊Tˆ◊XcÕ ÂTˆÁ]Á„Eı [˝–°˘p˚ÁX ◊`l˘Á ◊V„[˝X*'' %X‹ôˆ„V[˝ Â^FÁ„X Y ◊U[˝› ]ÿôˆ„Eı W˝◊Ã[˝Ã^Á
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ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ^ [˝–°˘p˚ÁX ◊`l˘Á ◊V„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝ ^◊V T«ˆ◊] AcÕ Y ◊U[˝› ]ÿôˆ„Eı W˝ÁÃ[˝S Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ
YÁÃ[˝*'' Tˆ„YÁ[˝„_ G◊[[˝ÔTˆ ◊[˝`üÁ◊]y [˝◊_„_X, ""%ÁY◊X Y ◊U[˝› TˆÓÁG EıÃ[˝”X %Á◊]
]ÿôˆ„Eı W˝Á[Ã ˝S Eı◊[Ã ˝„Tˆ◊Kª ˜*'' %X‹ôˆ„V[˝ [˝◊_„_X, ""W˝Á[Ã ˝S Eı[Ã ˝, %Á◊] TˆÓÁG Eı◊[Ã ˝_Á]*''
`…„XÓ Y ◊U[˝› H«◊Ã[˝„Tˆ H«◊Ã[˝„Tˆ Y◊QÕˆ„Tˆ _Á◊G_*
◊[˝`üÁ◊]y QˆÁ◊EıÃ^Á [˝◊_„Tˆ‰ªK˜X, ""%Á◊] a]ÿôˆ TˆYaÓÁÃ[˝ Zı_ %YÔS Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ◊ªK˜
Y ◊U[˝› W˝ Tˆ c˜=Eı'' --- TÛÁ◊Y Y ◊U[˝› ◊ÿöˆÃ[˝ c˜cÕ_ XÁ* =Î¨JÙfÿëˆ„Ã[˝ %X‹ôˆ„V[˝
[˝◊_„_X, ""◊[˝`üÁ◊]y ATˆ TˆYaÓÁ EıÃ[˝ XÁcÕ Â^ Y ◊U[˝› W˝ÁÃ[˝S Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝, EıFXC
◊Eı aÁW˝«aÜ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^ÁªK˜? TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Zı_ %YÔS EıÃ[˝*'' ◊[˝`üÁ◊]y [˝◊_„_X, ""AEı ]«c…˜wÔ¯
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◊[˝`üÁ◊]y [˝◊_„_X, ""%Á◊] ÂacÕ Zı_ %YÔS Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ◊ªK˜*'' W˝›„Ã[˝ W˝›„Ã[˝ Y ◊U[˝› ◊ÿöˆÃ[˝
c˜c˜_O * TˆFX ◊[˝`Áü ◊]y [˝◊_„_X, ""AFX %Á]ÁÃ^ [˝°– ˘p˚ÁX ◊VX*'' %X‹ôˆ„V[˝ [˝◊_„_X,
""]…FÔ ◊[˝`üÁ◊]y! ^gÁÃ[˝ AEı ]«c…˜wÔ¯ aÜZı„_ Y ◊U[˝› W˝ Tˆ c˜cÕ_ TgˆÁc˜Á„Eı ªK˜Á◊QÕˆÃ^Á
%Á]ÁÃ[˝ ◊XEıªRÙO [˝–°˘p˚ÁX ªJÙÁ◊c˜„TˆªK˜?'' ◊[˝`üÁ◊]‰yÃ[˝ Ây‘ÁW˝ c˜cÕ_, \ˆÁ◊[˝„_X [˝◊`úˆ„V[˝
TgˆÁc˜Á„Eı Tˆ„[˝ Y“TˆÁÃ[˝SÁ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X* V–”Tˆ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ◊XEıªRÙO G]X Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á [˝◊_„_X,
""%ÁY◊X %Á]ÁÃ^ ÂEıX Y“TˆÁÃ[˝SÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„_X?'' [˝◊`úˆ„V[˝ %◊Tˆ W˝›Ã[˝ Gêˆ›Ã[˝\ˆÁ„[˝
=w¯Ã[˝ ◊V„_X, ""%Á◊] ^◊V TˆFX ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ^ [˝–°˘p˚ÁX ◊`l˘Á ◊VTˆÁ], ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ TˆÁc˜Á„Tˆ
◊[˝`üÁa c˜cÕTˆ XÁ, AFX ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ ◊[˝`üÁa c˜cÕ„[˝*'' ◊[˝`üÁ◊]y [˝◊`„úˆÃ[˝ ◊XEıªRÙO [˝–°˘p˚ÁX
◊`l˘Á Eı◊Ã[˝„_X* \ˆÁÃ[˝„Tˆ A]X @◊b ◊ªK˜„_X, A]X aÁW˝« ◊ªK˜„_X, A]X l˘]ÁÃ[˝
%ÁV`Ô ◊ªK˜_* A]X TˆYaÓÁÃ[˝ [˝_ ◊ªK˜_ ^Ác˜Á •ÁÃ[˝Á Y ◊U[˝› W˝ÁÃ[˝S EıÃ[˝Á ^ÁÃ^* \ˆÁÃ[˝„Tˆ
%Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÂacÕÃ[˝÷Y @◊b LXΩG–c˜S Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜X ^gÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ Y“\ˆÁÃ^ Y…[[˝ÔTˆX @◊b-
◊V„GÃ[˝ ÂLÓÁ◊Tˆ c˜›XY“\ˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á ^ÁcÕ„[˝, ^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ„Eı Y…[[˝Ô„GÏÃ[˝[˝ c˜cÕ„Tˆ
%◊W˝EıTˆÃ[˝ ÂGÏÃ[˝„[˝ Y“◊Tˆ◊úˆTˆ Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝X*
%ÿˆè«ıªRÙO
aVÁcÕ Y“Á„SÃ[˝ ]Á„Mı %ÿˆè«ıªRÙO ◊XiıS [˝Á„L,
mä Â[˝S« [˝Á„L TgˆÁÃ[˝*
Â[˝S«Ã[˝ %ÿˆè«ıªRÙO EıUÁ LÁGÁÃ^ ]W˝«Ã[˝ [˝ÓUÁ
Tˆ›[˝– ÊY“][˝ÁaXÁÃ[˝*
%&rÙ ÂLÓÁdÿoˆÁÃ^ Ã[˝Á„a ÂHÁ„Ã[˝ Â^X aVÁ YÁ„`

ÊªKg˜ÁÃ^ AQÕˆÁÃ^ XÃ^X*
%ÁW˝ ÂVFÁ TˆX«FÁ◊X, %ÿˆè«ıªRÙO Âa YVW[˝◊X, ---
aVÁcÕ %ÁE«ı_ ]X*
%ÁgW˝Á„Ã[˝ <bVÀ c˜Áa, TˆX«Ã[˝ ◊EıÃ[˝S \ˆÁa,

H«◊Ã[˝„ªK˜ %V `Ó ÂEıc˜*
ÊY“„] TˆÁÃ[˝ Y“ÁS ]] EıÁÃ[˝ÁÃ^ [˝◊≥VX› a],
Fg«◊L ÊY“]F◊X ÂVc˜*
%W˝„Ã[˝ %W˝Ã[˝ ªKg«˜„Ã^ l˘„S c˜ÁTˆ c˜Á„Tˆ U«„Ã^
]«c…˜„wÔ¯Ã[˝ [˝ UÁ &`Ô*
◊[˝Zı◊_' [˝ÁQÕˆÁ„Ã^ Â_Á\ˆ, ◊XÃ[˝Á◊`' ]W˝«Ã[˝ Âl˘Á\ˆ,
UÁ◊Eı c˜Ã[˝„b ◊[˝]bÔ*
Eı„[˝ W˝Ã[˝Á ◊V„[˝ %Á◊a' c˜Á◊aÃ^Á %Y…[[˝Ô c˜Á◊a,

ªRÙÁ◊_Ã^Á c˜÷VÃ^-W˝X,
%î&„`Ô ◊[˝`üÁX≥V, %◊F_-ÂaÏ≥V^ÔÓ-[˝µ˘
AEı ÂV„c˜ =VÀHÁªRÙOX*
]c˜ÁEıÁ_
◊Eı A [˝–°˘Áâ¯ Zg«ı◊QÕˆ Y“ªJÙâ¯ ÿˆè«ıÃ[˝S*
[˝◊c˜ Y“Á„S ◊VX Ã[˝ÁTˆ @T«ˆ ae[˝daÃ[˝
[˝«„Mı◊ªK˜ ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ \ˆÁ[˝, ÂV„F◊ªK˜ `Ã[˝›Ã[˝*
ÂEı %Á±¡Á ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝? ÂEıÁXÀ %V ‰rÙÃ[˝ [˝„_
H«Ã[˝ ]c˜ÁªJÙ„y‘ aVÁ H«Ã[˝ÁC LGTˆ›*
◊[˝◊ªJÙy %ÁEıÁ` ^„[˝ ◊EıÃ[˝S-Y“YÁ„Tˆ
]ÁÃ^ÁY«Ã[˝› Ã[˝ªJÙ◊Ã^y› ◊X∂ˆÇÔ_ aµ˘ÓÁÃ[˝,
}„]◊ªK˜ XV›Ã[˝ Tˆ›„Ã[˝ Eı_Eı_ÿëˆÃ[˝
a]ÁE«ı_ Y“ÁSG›◊Tˆ TˆÃ[˝Ü-[˝›SÁÃ^
◊]_ÁcÕ„Tˆ c˜÷◊VTˆÁ„Ã[˝* %X‹ôˆ Ã[˝LX›
XÁ◊]Ã^Á ◊Xf`å Y„V ]«E«ı‰ªRÙOÃ[˝ ªK˜ÁÃ^Á
◊[˝ÿôˆÁ◊Ã[˝ GGXY‰ªªRÙO, =QÕˆÁ„Ã^ %á˚_
]a S %ÁgW˝ÁÃ[˝ YÁ◊Tˆ V›HÔ W˝Ã[˝ÁTˆ„_,
ªRÙOÁ◊XÃ^Á G\ˆ›Ã[˝ ÂEıÁ„_ `Á◊‹ôˆÿôˆ ç˘ Y“ÁS›
a«b«◊äÃ[˝ %◊\ˆ„Xy› UÁ]ÁcÕ_ %Á◊a
L›[˝„XÃ[˝ ÂEıÁ_Ác˜_ %‹ôˆc˜›X Â]Ï„X*
◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ]G¬ ÂXyTˆÁÃ[˝Á ◊[˝Y«_ `^ÓÁÃ^
%ÁEıÁ`-[˝–„°˘Ã[˝ W˝ÓÁ„X ◊X_›X È\ˆÃ[˝[˝›
E ıb’EıÁÃ^Á LGXΩÁTˆÁ a]Á◊W˝ÿöˆ \ˆ„[˝*
X›Ã[˝[˝TˆÁ-]W˝«„\ˆÁL› TˆÁÃ[˝EıÁÃ[˝ YÁ_
V›◊äÃ[˝ Â]Ï]Á◊ªK˜ a] =‰QÕˆ %Á„a X„\ˆ*
ªRÙÁ◊_„Tˆ Y“ÁS›Ã[˝ ]„∂ˆÇÔ %ÁX≥V ◊EıÃ[˝S
a«`›Tˆ_ Ã[˝\ˆ„aÃ[˝ a]«#ù_ \ˆÁâ¯
Â\ˆ„a =‰Pˆ ``› ]◊S-F◊ªJÙTˆ ◊X`ÁÃ^*
ÿëˆî %Á„_Á◊EıTˆ ÂLÓÁdÿoˆÁ-Y¿«Tˆ %µ˘EıÁ„Ã[˝
]ÁX„[˝Ã[˝ l«˘V– Y“ÁS A %a›] Y“Á„S
Q«ˆ[˝ÁcÕÃ^Á £◊XÃ^Á◊ªK˜ X›Ã[˝„[˝Ã[˝ GÁX*
[˝Á◊L_ %‹ôˆ„Ã[˝ ^„[˝ ]ÁW˝«^ÔÓ-&≥VX
\ˆÁ◊Ü_ a]Á◊W˝„HÁÃ[˝ ÿôˆç˘ Â^Á◊GX›Ã[˝*
]c˜ÁEıÁ_ 571
%Á„_ÁEı-[˝aX-&„`Ô LÁ◊G_ EıÁc˜ÁÃ[˝*

EıÁÃ[˝ V…Ã[˝ YVW[˝◊X Y◊`_ ]Ã[˝„]*
Y◊Ã[˝T ˆä `…XÓTˆÁÃ[˝ HXÿôˆÃ[˝ Ÿ[˝◊W˝
=bÁ =◊PˆÃ^Á‰ªK˜ c˜Á◊a Ã[˝◊tTˆ GG„X,
]„XÁc˜Ã[˝ ◊ÿˆÇTˆ-%Ág◊F [˝Á◊_EıÁ Â^]X,
=ÅÁ] ={Áa Y„V c˜Á◊a \ˆÃ[˝Á Y“ÁS
◊YTˆÁÃ[˝ \ˆ[˝„X XÁ◊ªJÙ ]«N˛ %Á◊I¯XÁÃ^*
L›[˝„XÃ[˝ c˜bÔ Â^ ]t« ◊]rÙ QˆÁ„Eı
LÁXÁcÕ„Tˆ YÃ[˝&„ÃÃ[˝ Y_„Eı Y_„Eı
QˆÁ◊Eı„Tˆ‰ªK˜ Yl˘›E«ı_ a«]W˝«Ã[˝ TˆÁ„X,
ac˜ÿÉˆ =XΩw¯ `ÁFÁ, a[˝«L [˝aX
XÁ◊ªJÙ„Tˆ‰ªK˜ TˆÃ[˝”Ã[˝ÁL› %Á„_ÁEı-=da„[˝*
ÂacÕ %Á„_ÁEı-=da„[˝ %‹ôˆÃ[˝Á„_ ªRÙÁEıÁ
ÿëˆGÔ„aÁ]YÁ„X ]w¯ @◊bÃ[˝
%ÁX„≥VÃ[˝ Â[˝VGÁ„X
LÁ◊X_Á] ◊Eı G\ˆ›Ã[˝ %ÁX≥Vÿˆè«ıÃ[˝„S
Z«ı◊ªªRÙOÃ^Á‰ªK˜ ◊[˝`üY≤ø %X„‹ôˆÃ[˝ ÊÿÉˆÁ„Tˆ*
◊X◊V–Tˆ ]W˝ÓÁc˜‘ ^„[˝ ◊[˝`üEı„l˘ AEıÁ
a«X›_ %ÁEıÁ` Y„Ã[˝ Âc˜_ÁcÕ_ ◊`Ã[˝,
ÂLÓÁ◊Tˆ∂ˆÇÔÃ^ Y…SÔTˆÁÃ[˝ `Ã^X ◊`◊[˝„Ã[˝
◊[˝`ü]Ü„_Ã[˝ G›◊Tˆ mä ]◊c˜]ÁÃ^
]‹öˆÃ[˝ ◊[˝`Á_ W[˝◊X ◊≈yEıÁ„_Ã[˝ Eı„¢ˆ
]c˜Á]‹óˆ [˝Á◊LÃ^Á‰ªK˜ LGd-%Á±¡ÁÃ[˝*
◊]_ÁcÕÃ^Á T«ˆrÙY“Á„S %GSX \ˆÁ[˝
◊ªJÙÃ[˝`Á‹ôˆ =¨JÙEı∂ˆÇfi ÂV◊F„Tˆª‰ªK˜ ÂEıc˜
]c˜ÁEıÁ„[˝Ó %ÁX◊≥VTˆ aXÁTˆX Eı◊[˝
Y…SÔªK˜≥V a ◊rÙ TˆÁÃ[˝* G\ˆ›Ã[˝ a„‹ôˆÁ„b
aÁ„‹ôˆ [˝◊c˜ Âa %a›] %YÃ[˝÷Y Ã[˝÷„Y
H«◊Ã[˝‰ªK˜ %X‹ôˆ ◊[˝`ü Y“\«ˆ YVY“Á„‹ôˆ*
_ç˘TˆYÁÃ[˝ ◊EıÃ[˝„SÃ[˝ Y“ªJÙâ¯ Y“aÁ„Ã[˝
GG„XÃ[˝ ªJ…ÙQÕˆÁ c˜„Tˆ ]Á◊X„Tˆ ◊[˝W˝ÁX

XÁ◊]Ã^Á‰ªK˜ a…^ÔÓ ^„[˝ [˝›Ã[˝ ]◊c˜]ÁÃ^,
%[˝aÁ„X \ˆÃ[˝Á`Á◊‹ôˆ _◊\ˆÃ^Á◊ªK˜ ◊ªJÙ„w¯,
L›[˝Xa«W˝ÁÃ[˝ YÁX `…XÓ Eı◊Ã[˝ YÁy,
T«ˆÃ[˝›„Ã^Ã[˝ ]c˜ÁG›Tˆ Y◊Ã[˝T«ˆrÙ Eı„SÔ*
AcÕÃ[˝÷Y Y“◊Tˆ◊VX %V]Ó ÂEıÏT«ˆ„Eı
AEı◊V„X [˝gÁ≈◊W˝ Â^X %X‹ôˆ a]Ã^,
%„î„Tˆ a[[˝Ôÿëˆ ªRÙÁ◊_ ◊XL]…◊wÔ¯ %ÁgEı,
Ã[˝÷YÿÉˆrÙÁ Y“ÁS◊`î›* X…TˆX X…TˆX
Y«Ã[˝ÁTˆX ÂacÕ ªJÙy‘ \ˆÁ„a ◊ªJÙw¯Y‰ªªRÙO*
◊XL %Á±¡Á XÁXÁ \ˆÁ„[˝ Â\ˆÁG EıÃ[˝ @◊b*
ae[˝daÃ[˝ Tˆ[˝ %Á±¡Á* c˜◊Ã[˝d [˝aXÁ
Y ◊U[˝› XwÔ¯Eı› Tˆ[˝ a…„^ÔÓ Eı◊Ã[˝ ÂEı≥V–
H«„Ã[˝ ÊY“]Á„[˝„` aVÁ =XΩw¯ H«Ã[˝„S,
E ıb’EıÃ[˝&„`Ô ]w¯ ÂGÁY› Â^X H«„Ã[˝
%X‹ôˆ =ÅÁ] X „TˆÓ %Z«ıÃ[˝‹ôˆ c˜bÔ,
ÊY“]Á„[˝„` ◊Y“Ã^]«„F ÿöˆÁ◊YTˆ XÃ^X,
TgˆÁ„Ã[˝ LÁ„X, LÁ„X ÊY“], XÁ◊c˜ ◊EıªK«˜ %ÁÃ[˝*
ÂacÕ X TˆÓEı_Á ◊`◊F }◊]‰ªK˜ L›[˝X
X „TˆÓÃ[˝ ]â¯_ÁE ı◊Tˆ Tˆ[˝ ªJÙ„y‘, Y“\«ˆ*
[˝a‹ôˆ ÂEıÁ◊Eı_Ã[˝„[˝ AEıTˆÁXÁ a«„Ã[˝
%◊F_ ]ÁW˝«^ÔÓ ªRÙÁ◊_ E«ıa«] ÂVÁ_ÁÃ^
%X‹ôˆ Â^Ï[˝„X ]w¯ V«◊_„Ã^ `Ã[˝›Ã[˝
QˆÁ◊Eı‰ªK˜ ={Áa \ˆ„Ã[˝* %¥aÃ[˝ÁÃ[˝ c˜Á◊a
%ÁW˝ ÂVFÁ W˝Ã[˝ÁW˝Á„] [˝ l˘-%‹ôˆÃ[˝Á„_
Ã[˝N˛„`üTˆ Y«πY¨K˜„_ ] V« Y◊Ã[˝c˜Á„a
ªRÙOÁ„X Â^X Y“ÁS aVÁ TˆÁÃ[˝ a„Ü Â^„Tˆ
%‰ªJÙXÁ %X‹ôˆ Ã[˝Á„LÓ ]„XÃ[˝ CYÁ„Ã[˝*
G–›πÇ ^„[˝ Ã[˝ÁL„[˝„`, ]c˜Áa]Á„Ã[˝Ác˜,
ÿëˆSÔV›◊ä Y◊Ã[˝W˝ÁX, [˝„X Âl˘„Tˆ ]Á‰Pˆ
]c˜ÁEıÁ_ 573
ªK˜QÕˆÁ„Ã^ =#ù_ ÂaXÁ V◊]‰ªK˜ Y ◊U[˝›,

◊[˝◊LTˆ [˝◊≥VX› TˆÁÃ[˝ XTˆ Y“\«ˆY„V
◊Xf`ü◊a Ã[˝”V–V]„X =G– a«„F \ˆÃ[˝Á
Tˆä X\ˆfÿöˆ„_ ªJÙÁ„c˜ `Á◊Ã^TˆÁ Y ◊U[˝›*
◊[˝V«Ód XÃ^XYÁ„Tˆ Fg«◊L [˝W˝ÓY“ÁS›ª
[˝bÔÁ ÈVTˆÓ„y‘ÁW˝ ◊ªJÙ„w¯ ªK«˜‰ªRÙO [˝qXÁ„V*
c˜Ác˜ÁEıÁÃ[˝ Ã[˝[˝ £◊X %Áy‘Á‹ôˆ [˝„XÃ[˝
X TˆÓ Eı„Ã[˝ W˝]X›„Tˆ Y“ªJÙâ¯ ◊[˝_Áa*
[˝ ◊rÙÃ[˝ Y¿Á[˝X`„å c˜Ã[˝◊bTˆ EıSÔ*
AcÕ %Á„[˝„GÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó LÁ◊G‰ªK˜ [˝ÁaXÁ
◊]◊`„Tˆ Y“[˝_ %Á±¡Á, X TˆÓac˜ªJÙÃ[˝
Mı◊ªªRÙOEıÁÃ[˝ a]Y“ÁS Mıu˙Á[˝ÁÃ^« aÁ◊L
A ◊Xú«ˆÃ[˝ %TˆÓÁªJÙÁ„Ã[˝ %TˆÓÁªJÙÁÃ[˝› c˜„Tˆ,
^«◊Mı %a›„]Ã[˝ ◊V„Eı Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ Y“Ã^ÁS*
%[˝a~ W˝Ã[˝ÁW˝Á„] W˝›„Ã[˝ %G–aÃ[˝*
`Ã[˝d `Á◊‹ôˆÃ[˝ V…Tˆ› ÂVFÁ ÂVÃ^ Y„Ã[˝
Y≤ø„X‰y ]t«c˜Á◊a ªJÙÁÃ[˝” YV„l˘Y
%_a XÁL«Eı £} ] V« ÂGÏÃ[˝ Y„V*
Z«ıªRÙOÁÃ^ `Á◊‹ôÊ«ıa«] zıÁ‹ôˆ Y“Á„S Y◊`
Âc˜]„‹ôˆÃ[˝ `›Tˆ[˝„l˘ _«◊ªRÙOÃ^Á Y“E ı◊Tˆ
L«QÕˆÁÃ^ ◊`◊U_ GÁy ]c˜Á Y◊Ã[˝„TˆÁ„b*
aÃ[˝a›Ã[˝ L„_ Â^X
◊zı~[˝ÿóˆ ◊ÿoˆÑ˘GÁy ◊`◊`Ã[˝ YÃ[˝„`
ÿoˆÁTˆ ÂW˝ÏTˆ W˝Ã[˝Á =‰Pˆ Eı◊+Tˆ %W˝Ã[˝*
c˜Á„a V›ä a…^ÔÓEı„Ã[˝ AcÕ ªK˜Ã^ a«„Ã[˝
Â`b Eı◊Ã[˝ Tˆ[˝ ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ Y«Xf ÂacÕ ªJÙ„y‘,
%`“Á‹ôˆ ÂV[˝TˆÁ EıÁ_, H«Ã[˝ÁC LGTˆ›*
%Z«ıÃ[˝‹ôˆ ^«G ÂG_, %Z«ıÃ[˝‹ôˆ ^«G
A„a ^Á„[˝, [˝◊a aVÁ ]„XÃ[˝ ={Á„a
^Ác˜Á \ˆÁÜ TˆÁc˜Á GQÕˆ Y«Xf T«ˆrÙ ]„X*
V›HÔ EıÁ_ ]ÁX«„bÃ[˝ Eı∂ˆÇÔW[˝eaEıÁÃ[˝›
`Tˆ^«G a]Á„[˝„` ]ÁYÁ Â^cÕ EıÁ_,

aXÁTˆX ÂV[˝TˆÁÃ[˝ %Ág◊FÃ[˝ ◊X„]b*
`“Á‹ôˆ c˜Ã^ XÃ[˝ V«f„F, `“Á‹ôˆ c˜Ã^ a«„F*
`“Á‹ôˆ Xc˜ Eı\«ˆ T«ˆ◊]* Â\ˆ„Ü ^ÁÃ^ ÂVc˜
%î Eı„∂ˆÇÔ, Â\ˆ„Ü ^ÁÃ^ ]X %î V«f„F*
]Ã[˝S ◊[˝`“Á] TˆÁÃ[˝ %Á◊a [˝µ«˘ a]
]c˜d È[˝Ã[˝ÁGÓ TˆÁÃ[˝ ªJÙÃ[˝] `Ã[˝S*
ÂEıÁUÁÃ^ È[˝Ã[˝ÁGÓ Tˆ[˝* Y«Ã[˝ÁTˆ X \ˆÁ[˝
X…TˆX X…TˆX aVÁ %ÁX≥V-%Á±¡ÁÃ^
EıÃ[˝*
ÂEı Tˆ[˝ ÂF_ÁÃ[˝ Â^ÁGÓ ac˜ªJÙÃ[˝ ◊ªK˜_
AcÕ ◊[˝`üW˝Á„] Eı\«ˆ* %XÁaN˛ ]„X,
a ◊rÙ EıÃ[˝ ]„c˜Á{Á„a W[˝ea EıÃ[˝ c˜„bÔ*
c˜Á◊a-„]`Á VÃ^Á Tˆ[˝, Eı◊[˝ Â^X ÂV„F
EıÁ[˝Ó Tˆ[˝ L›[˝a ◊rÙ a«F V«fF Ã[˝‰ªJÙ
EıÃ[˝”S Ã[˝„aÃ[˝ Y“›◊Tˆ Â\ˆÁG Eı„Ã[˝ ◊ªJÙ„w¯*
aec˜Á„Ã[˝ %ÁX≥V Tˆ[˝, Ã[˝”V– ]c˜ÁEıÁ_*
LGd Â_c˜X Eı◊Ã[˝ Lù_‹ôˆ [˝V„X
G–Áa EıÃ[˝ ◊[˝`ü %Á±¡Á %T ˆä l«˘W˝ÁÃ^*
]ÁX«b ÂF_ÁXÁ Tˆ[˝ XÁ◊ªJÙ V«cÕl˘S
%‰ªJÙXÁ W˝Ã[˝ÁÃ^ A„a
%î◊V„X %‰ªJÙXÁÃ^ ÂEıÁUÁ ÂG_ ªJÙ„_*
c˜Á◊aEıÁ~Á Q«ˆ„[˝ TˆÁÃ[˝ %X„‹ôˆÃ[˝ ÂÃ[˝Á„_
_«ä TˆÁÃ[˝ YV◊ªJÙc˜‘ W˝Ã[˝ÁÃ[˝ W˝…_ÁÃ^*
T«ˆ◊] ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ, T«ˆ◊], C„c˜ a«≥VÃ[˝ \ˆ›bS
c˜Áa aVÁ ]„c˜Á{Á„a G◊QÕˆ \ˆÁ◊Ü a«„F*
%ÁX„≥VÃ[ Tˆ›[˝– ÿˆè…ı◊wÔ¯ %Tˆ_ c˜÷V„Ã^
Y«◊bÃ^Á ÂF◊_„Tˆ [˝a, [˝Á_Eı <`üÃ[˝*
* YÁâ«¯◊_◊Y„Tˆ YIÀ¯◊N˛◊ªªRÙO %a+…SÔ Ã[˝ÁFÁ %Á‰ªK˜* --- a

L›[˝‹ôˆ LQÕˆ
LÁ◊X XÁ ÂEıÁUÁÃ^
A„a◊ªK˜X« H«„Ã[˝ H«„Ã[˝ V…Ã[˝ ÿëˆY¬„V„`*
ÂV◊F_Á] VÒÁQÕˆÁ„Ã^◊ªK˜ V–”Tˆ-XV›-E…ı„_*
=Y„Ã[˝ ◊[˝ÿôˆ›SÔ `…XÓ YÁâ«¯Ã[˝ X›◊_]Á
V ªRÕÙ, %◊Tˆ =¨JÙ* %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ W˝Ã[˝ÁW˝Á„]*
[˝µ«˘•Ã^ Â^X aVÁ %ÁEıÁ` Â]◊VX›
Y“S„Ã^Ã[˝ ÂF_Á Eı„Ã[˝ ◊]◊_Ã^Á V«'L„X*
c˜◊Ã[˝d Y ◊U[˝› £W˝« =Y„Ã[˝ ◊XÃ[˝„F
Y“SÃ^›Ã[˝ ]«FEıÁ◊‹ôˆ, EgıÁ„Y Tˆ›[˝– a«„F
ac˜ÿÉˆTˆÃ[˝”&≥V„X, `›Tˆ T ˆS]Á„Mı*
a«X›_ %ÁEıÁ` TˆÁ„Ã[˝ %Á◊_Ü„X W˝◊Ã[˝'
◊Y“Ã^ÁÃ[˝ %◊F_ ÂVc˜ ◊H◊Ã[˝Ã^Á Ã[˝\ˆ„a
=¨JÙ ◊`Ã[˝ T«ˆ◊_' =„¨JÙ c˜Á„a ÊY“]\ˆ„Ã[˝*
AcÕ ÂF_Á Âc˜UÁ* %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ W˝Ã[˝ÁW˝Á„]
XÁcÕ ÂacÕ \ˆ›bS ◊[˝‰¨K˜V* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ÂaUÁ
]„Ã[˝‰ªK˜ Y ◊U[˝› Â^X Âl˘Á„\ˆ V«f„F \ˆ„Ã^
`…XÓ ◊[˝„`ü Y◊QÕˆ' AEıÁ* G–ÿôˆ Âa %X„‹ôˆ,
\ˆ›Tˆ ÂacÕ =¨JÙTˆÁÃ^ ◊[˝\ˆ›◊bEıÁ„HÃ[˝Á
]ÁX„[˝Ã[˝ l«˘V– Y“ÁS* [˝ÁW˝Ác˜›X \…ˆ◊]
X›Ã[˝[˝ ◊[˝ÿôˆ›SÔ `…XÓ ◊[˝[˝SÔ YÁâ«¯Ã[˝
`…„XÓÃ[ ˝◊[˝`Á_TˆÁÃ[˝ Y“ÁSc˜›XTˆÁÃ[˝
]c˜VÁÃ^TˆX %◊[˝◊¨K˜~* XÁcÕ TˆÃ[˝”,
T ˆS, ◊`_Á, ]ÁX„[˝Ã[˝ ÂEıÁUÁC ◊X[˝Áa
Âc˜◊Ã[˝ XÁcÕ! ªJÙl«˘ ªJÙ„_ aVÁ, ªJÙ„_ £W˝«,
Fg«◊LÃ^Á YÁÃ^ XÁ %‹ôˆ, Tˆ[˝« `“Á‹ôˆ UÁ◊]
◊Zı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ %l˘]! y…‘Ã[˝ V `Ó y…‘Ã[˝ ªRÙOÁ„X
c˜„Ã[˝ _Ã^ TgˆÁ„Ã[˝ [˝≥V› Â^X `y”„V„`
* YIÀ¯◊N˛◊ªªRÙOÃ[˝ Y“U] ªK˜Ã^◊ªªRÙO %l˘Ã[˝ YÁâ«¯◊_◊Y„Tˆ EıÁªªRÙOÁ %Á‰ªK˜, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ Y◊Ã[˝[˝„Tˆ¤ ◊EıªK«˜ Â_FÁ XÁcÕ* -- a
%ÁÃ[˝C %ÁÃ[˝C V…„Ã[˝ %a›] LG„Tˆ

◊Xf&≥V %X„‹ôˆ*
◊ZıÃ[˝Á„Ã^ a„LÁ„Ã[˝ %Ág◊F
Âc˜◊Ã[˝X« %YÃ[˝ E…ı_* Eı◊PˆX YÁbÁS
\ˆ›][˝„_ [˝gÁW˝Á Â^X V›HÔ `N˛ a]
%a«„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ◊`îEıÁ^ÔÓ* ]w¯ [˝bÔÁEıÁ„_
XV›Tˆ›„Ã[˝ X„\ˆÁ[˝ÓÁY› `Ã[˝›Ã[˝ A_Á„Ã^
Ã[˝”l˘ %ÁX◊≥VTˆ ]„X ÂF‰ªRÙO‰ªK˜ %a«Ã[˝
Y“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝ y…‘Ã[˝TˆÁÃ^ Y“›Tˆ]XÁ* %Á„Ã[˝Á
y…‘Ã[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝Á„Ã[˝ TˆÁ„Ã[˝ ÂFÃ^Á_ ]ÁX„a*
ÂÃ[˝FÁÃ^ ÂÃ[˝FÁÃ^ ◊`_Á ÂEı‰ªRÙO‰ªK˜ c˜Á◊aÃ^Á*
[˝ c˜d Eı·¯Á_ Â^X %Ág◊Eı XV›E…ı_,
Â^X ]Áeac˜›X %◊ÿöˆ ] Tˆ Y ◊U[˝›Ã[˝
EıTˆ◊VX Y‰QÕˆ %Á‰ªK˜ %„‹ôˆÓ◊rÙ-[˝◊á˚Tˆ
Âa ◊[˝LX Y“Á‹ôˆ ]Á„Mı ÂacÕ XV›Tˆ›„Ã[˝*
XÁcÕ [˝gÁEı, XÁcÕ T ˆSZ«ı_* @L«V ä
◊X◊[˝QÕˆ ◊X„Ã[˝ªRÙO ÂEıÁ]_TˆÁ %[˝„c˜◊_'
XÁ„] L„_ Y“ÁSc˜›X Eı◊PˆX YÁbÁS*
a«V…„Ã[˝ Âa ]Ã[˝”\…ˆ◊] H«„Ã[˝‰ªK˜ %_„a
◊]◊_„Tˆ YÁbÁS aÁ„U* ÂEıÁ]_TˆÁc˜›X
ÊY“]c˜›X Âa ◊]_X, L‰QÕˆÃ[˝ Y“SÃ^,
YÁbÁS-ªJ«Ù∂ëˆX*
ªJÙÁ◊c˜X« XV›Ã[˝ YÁ„X*
[˝◊c˜‰ªK˜ X›Ã[˝[˝ Â[˝„G ÿëˆY¬Ã[˝ÁLÓ-XV›,
a«b«ä Y“ªJÙâ¯ `Á‹ôˆ, Â^X Ã[˝”V–Y“ÁS
Y“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝ [˝Áß[˝à˘ ◊c˜]Á_Ã^-◊`„Ã[˝*
V…„Ã[˝ ◊XGÔ„]Ã[˝ YU* Y“Á‹ôˆ„Ã[˝ YÁbÁ„S
◊]_X ÂÛÁÃ^, %◊Tˆ aÃ[˝” ÿöˆ_, Â^X
[˝«\«ˆ◊l˘Tˆ ]Ã[˝„SÃ[˝ G_Á, Â^X ÂaUÁ
\…ˆ◊]Ã[˝ a·¯ªRÙOÿöˆ„_ ÿëˆÃê ]Ã[˝S
%LGÃ[˝-Ã[˝÷„Y a«ä YÁbÁS-%ÁE ı◊Tˆ
L›[˝‹ôˆ LQÕˆ 577
◊[˝`ü-]Á„Mı* W˝›Ã[˝ Â[˝„G ]c˜›Ã^ÁX-G◊Tˆ

a«G◊[[˝ÔTˆ YV„l˘„Y %Á„a ÿëˆY¬-XV›*
[˝◊_„Tˆ, %‡«ˆTˆ %`ü V◊W˝y‘Á Â[˝„VÃ[˝
Y“ÁSÃ[˝÷Y› XÁÃ[˝ÁÃ^S [˝à˘ [˝«„Eı ]«„F
G◊[[˝ÔTˆ G–›[˝ÁÃ^ ªK«˜‰ªRÙO ]ÁX„[˝ _cÕÃ^Á
aTˆÓW˝Á„] ÿëˆGÔY„U* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ÂacÕ Y„U
AcÕ ◊Eı Y“YÁTˆ ◊X‰∂oˆ L›[˝X-XV›Ã[˝?
A ◊Eı aTˆÓ Y◊Ã[˝SÁ]?
XÁ„] YÁTÊı›Ã[˝ ]Tˆ LÁ◊XXÁ ◊Eı Â[˝„G,
ÂEıÁX y…‘Ã[˝TˆÃ[˝ ÂV„`* Y◊`_ EıÃ[˝”S
ac˜ÿÉˆ V«fF›Ã[˝ Â^X %ÁwÔ¯W[˝◊X EıÁ„S
Y◊TˆTˆ XV›Ã[˝* ªJÙÁ◊c˜Ã^Á X›Ã[˝a ]„X
\ˆÁ◊[˝X« ""◊Eı ] Tˆ ÂV`, ◊Eı ÿôˆ ç˘ LGd,
%ÁÃ[˝Á„[˝ ◊Eı X›Ã[˝[˝TˆÁ, ◊Eı LQÕˆTˆÁ Â[˝„G*
Eı\«ˆ ◊Eı ]ÁX«b [˝Á◊a AcÕ LQÕˆ ÂV„`
◊XL Y“ÁS aá˚Á◊Ã[˝Ã^Á Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝ aL›[˝?
XÁcÕ ◊Eı Y«Ã[˝”b Tˆ„[˝ AcÕ Y“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝?''
Y“TˆÓÁFÓÁTˆ Â^X \ˆ„Ã^ ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ ◊Zı„Ã[˝ %Á„a
◊XL X›‰QÕˆ* &≥Vc˜›X \…ˆ◊] Y…[[˝Ô[˝d*
LÁ◊G_ c˜PˆÁd V ◊rÙ ªJÙÁ◊c˜_ %‹ôˆ„Ã[˝**
Âc˜◊Ã[˝X« ◊`c˜◊Ã[˝' L›[˝‹ôˆ Âa LQÕˆ ÿöˆÁX,
L›[˝‹ôˆ Âa L_Ã[˝Á◊`, L›[˝‹ôˆ ◊XÅ¤Ã^
Âa Y“Á‹ôˆÃ[˝ %‹ôˆc˜›X, Âa =¨JÙ %ÁEıÁ`
a‰ªJÙTˆX, L›[˝‹ôˆ Âa ]Ã[˝„SÃ[˝ G_Á, ---
YÁbÁS-%ÁE ı◊Tˆ a«ä %LGÃ[˝-Ã[˝÷„Y*
EıÃ[˝”S ◊XYÁTˆ-W[˝◊X L›[˝‹ôˆ %Á±¡ÁÃ[˝
V…„Ã[˝ Âa y‘≥VX* [˝«◊MıX« ◊Eı Â\ˆ„[˝ %Á‰ªK˜
@L« V ä Âa YÁbÁS ÂEıÁ]_TˆÁc˜›Xª
VÃ^Ác˜›X a«Fc˜›X* [˝«◊MıX« ◊Eı %Á`Á
* YIÀ¯◊N˛◊ªªRÙOÃ[˝ Â`b ªK˜Ã^◊ªªRÙO %l˘Ã[˝ YÁâ«¯◊_◊Y„Tˆ EıÁªªRÙOÁ %Á‰ªK˜, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ Y◊Ã[˝[˝„Tˆ¤ ◊EıªK«˜ Â_FÁ XÁcÕ* -- a
Y«◊bÃ^Á ÿëˆ[˝„l˘ XV› [˝„c˜ a«◊[˝`Á_

%_l˘Ó YTˆXÿöˆ„_, --- a]Á◊W˝ÿöˆ Â^X
]c˜ÁY“ÁS ◊XL Â[˝„G* cÕc˜ÁC [˝«◊MıX«
\ˆÁ„[˝ XÁ EıÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ EıUÁ ÂEıc˜, YÃ[˝&„Ã[˝
ÊªJÙ„X XÁ, ªJÙÁ„c˜ XÁ* ◊X„L _„Ã^ T«ˆrÙ a„[˝,
◊X„L„Tˆ aEı„_ [˝à˘ AEıÁ AcÕ L„G
◊XL Eı∂ˆÇÔ ◊XL \ˆÁ[˝ _◊c˜'* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ^„[˝ª
YÃ[˝&`Ô Y‰QÕˆ GÁ„Ã^, ◊`c˜◊Ã[˝' %‹ôˆ„Ã[˝,
ÿôˆç˘ [˝à˘ ÂVc˜ \ˆÁ„[˝, ""A ◊Eı %XÓ %Á◊]
Y‰QÕˆ Â]ÁÃ[˝ GÁ„Ã^, %◊Tˆ a«F AcÕ &„`Ô*''
cÕc˜Á„TˆcÕ Â`b* Z«ı‰ªRÙO XÁ Âa mc˜Ó & c˜Á
\ˆÁbÁÃ^, &≥V„X, p˚Á„X*
◊XÃ[˝Á` ]ÁX„a
Âc˜◊Ã[˝ Â^X EıÁÃ[˝ÁG c˜ a]ÿôˆ LGd*
acãÁ ]W˝«Ã[˝ W[˝◊X LÁ◊G_ ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝*
""ªJÙÁC ◊Zı„Ã[˝, [˝«„Mı XÁC Y“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝ %Á`Á
[˝«„Mı XÁC LQÕˆ-EıÁÃ[˝ÁG „c˜ ]ÁT ˆY“ÁS,
mä %UÔ [˝«„Mı XÁC, A _›_ÁÃ[˝ ]Á„Mı*''
T«ˆ◊_Ã^Á a«Tˆä %Ág◊F %V…„Ã[˝ Âc˜◊Ã[˝X«
Y“Á‹ôˆ„Ã[˝ ]ÁX[˝]…◊wÔ¯* [˝Á_Eı [˝Á◊_EıÁ
YÃ[˝&Ã[˝ %Á◊_Ü„X ]w¯ AcÕ L‰QÕˆ,
◊X&≥V A ÿëˆY¬Ã[˝Á„LÓ ]«N˛ V«cÕ Y“ÁS›
%` Ö_, W˝ÓÁXÃ[˝Tˆ YÃ[˝&Ã[˝ a«„F*
%Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ %V `Ó TˆÁÃ[˝Á* Âa L›[˝‹ôˆ LQÕˆ
%Á`Ác˜›X Y…[[˝Ô[˝d [˝à˘ ◊XL \ˆÁ„[˝*
◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ]«N˛]XÁ %Á◊] LQÕˆ&`Ô c˜„Tˆ
ªK˜≤ø„[˝`› Y«Ã[˝”„bÃ[˝ ◊ªJÙ◊XX« =„Å`,
Y“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝ mä [˝Ás˙Á W˝◊Ã[˝X« ]ÁX„a*
\ˆ◊Ã[˝Ã^Á XÃ^X V „`Ó %Á`üÿôˆ ◊Zı◊Ã[˝X«
W˝Ã[˝ÁW˝Á„]*
a[˝ÁcÕ YÁG_ ÂTˆÁÃ[˝Á H«◊Ã[˝' W˝Ã[˝ÁTˆ_
a[˝ÁcÕ YÁG_ ÂTˆÁÃ[˝Á H«◊Ã[˝' W˝Ã[˝ÁTˆ_,
a«≥VÃ[˝ L›[˝X _◊\ˆ', LXΩ] T«ˆÓ•ÁÃ[˝,
ac˜ÿÉˆ ÂF_ÁXÁ H„Ã[˝, Y“E ı◊Tˆ a∂ëˆ_,
E ıb’ aÁU›, V«fF V«fF EıÃ[˝ %◊X[˝ÁÃ[˝*
\ˆG[˝ÁX %Á]ÁÃ[˝cÕ, %Á]ÁÃ[˝ [˝–°˘Áâ¯*
]VÁ[˝c˜ Y“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝ c˜Á◊a X\ˆfÿöˆ„_,
Â]ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ c˜Á„Tˆ W˝„Ã[˝ Ã[˝◊[˝ a«W˝Á\ˆÁâ¯,
%Á]ÁÃ[˝ %ÁX≥V‰ÿÉˆÁ„Tˆ Tˆ◊ªRÙOX› =ªK˜„_*
%Á]ÁÃ[˝ Ã[˝LX›-Ã[˝Á„LÓ ÂLÓÁdÿoˆÁ Ã[˝ÁLW˝ÁX›,
%Á]ÁÃ[˝ a]«V–„ZıXÁ c˜ÁaÓ ÂV[˝TˆÁÃ[˝,
%Á]ÁÃ[˝ Y“SÃ^¨K˜„_ E ıb’ %◊\ˆ]ÁX›,
◊`„[˝Ã[˝ G ◊c˜S› EıÁ_› ÿëˆLX› %Á]ÁÃ[˝*
ÿëˆÃ[˝G c˜cÕ„Tˆ £◊X' %Á◊a W˝Ã[˝ÁTˆ„_,
◊Eı [˝Á %]…_Ó ◊X◊W˝ ÂY„Ã^‰ªK˜ ]ÁX[˝,
ATˆ EıUÁ, ATˆ ÂX`Á V«fF V«fF [˝„_,
%ÁgEı◊QÕˆ W˝◊Ã[˝Ã^Á [˝„a ªRÙOÁ◊X„_ ÂEı`[˝*
V«fF-%◊\ˆ]ÁX› L›[˝ LGd-aeaÁ„Ã[˝
◊[˝ªJÙ„Ã[˝ ÿëˆYX-„HÁ„Ã[˝ ◊[˝bÁV-„X`ÁÃ^,
y‘≥VX-]◊VÃ[˝Á Â^X YÁX Eı◊Ã[˝[˝Á„Ã[˝
V«fF V«fF [˝„_ ]w¯ T ˆb’ÁwÔ¯ W˝Ã[˝ÁÃ^*
EıÁ‰ªK˜ ÊY“]]Ã^ ◊aµ«˘, QˆÁ„Eı ] V«ÿëˆ„Ã[˝ ---
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T«ˆ◊_Ã^Á ◊XL %á˚„_ ÂZı„_ ◊V„Tˆ V…„Ã[˝
%µ˘ Y“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝ Ây‘Á‰QÕˆ %Á◊aÃ^Á◊ªK˜ XÁ◊]*
^ÁcÕ ÿëˆGÔW˝Á„] ◊Zı◊Ã[˝* Y[˝„X Y“EıÁ◊`
V›ä Yl˘V_, £◊X aXÁTˆX TˆÁX*
%ÁX≥V-◊[˝c˜G %Á◊] [˝–°˘Áâ¯-◊X[˝Áa›
%ÁX≥V-%ÁEıÁ„` GÁ◊c˜ %] „TˆÃ[˝ GÁX*
ÈVTˆÓ
]c˜Á„^ÁG› ◊a„à˘`üÃ[˝, %Á£„TˆÁb `…_›,
ÈEı_Áa◊`FÃ[˝[˝Áa›! ^gÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Y“\ˆÁ„[˝
EıÁÃ[˝S◊X◊c˜Tˆ ◊[˝`ü ◊XG…ªRÕÙ ÿëˆ[˝›„L,
Ã[˝l˘ Â]Á„Ã[˝, ÈVTˆÓ◊Y“Ã^ ]„c˜`üÃ[˝*
ÈVTˆÓ %Á◊] %e` ÂTˆÁÃ[˝* VÁÃ[˝”S Y“ªJÙâ¯
◊Xú«ˆÃ[˝ %ac˜X›Ã^ LùÁ_Á]Ã^› `◊N˛
]] ◊ªJÙ„w¯ Lù„_ aVÁ VÁ[˝ÁX_ a]*
Tˆ[˝ `◊N˛ LÁ◊X, TˆÁ„Ã[˝ ÂÃ[˝Á◊W˝ XÁcÕ `ê«ˆ*
AcÕ `◊N˛ [˝„` %Á◊ªK˜ y…‘Ã[˝ ªJÙâ¯Eı∂ˆÇÔÁ
\ˆ›] ◊aec˜XÁ„V Y…◊Ã[˝' V`◊VEı ◊[˝„`ü
◊[˝ªJÙÃ[˝S Eı◊Ã[˝ aVÁ, V◊_ ]ÁX„[˝Ã[˝
l˘SÿöˆÁÃ^› a ◊rÙ, [˝◊W˝ G◊[[˝ÔTˆ l˘◊≈y„Ã^,
YÁbâ¯ [˝–Á°˘S\ˆ„â¯, AcÕ `◊N˛‰ÿÉˆÁ„Tˆ
Y«Ã[˝ÁTˆX \ˆÁ◊Ü ªR«ÙO◊ªRÙO X[˝›X Y“Ã^Áa›*
[˝–Á°˘„SÃ[˝ ªK˜_XÁÃ^ %µ˘ XÃ[˝LÁ◊Tˆ*
[˝–Á°˘„SÃ[˝ E«ı◊`l˘ÁÃ^ YVÁXTˆ aVÁ
]X«bÓ±ºˆ c˜ÁÃ[˝ÁcÕÃ^Á VÁa„±ºˆ [˝ÓaX›ª
ÿëˆW˝∂ˆÇÔ \«ˆ„_„ªK˜ XÃ[˝, %XÁ^ÔÓ V«[[˝Ô_
X›ªJÙ l«˘V–Eı∂ˆÇÔÁ* ]c˜Tˆ› Â[˝VÁ‹ôˆ ◊`l˘Á
◊[˝E ıTˆ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ◊XTˆÓ ◊[˝c˜◊Ã[˝‰ªK˜ \ˆâ¯,
Â\ˆVX›◊Tˆ Y“aÁ◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ÿëˆÁUÔ-◊a◊à˘-YªªR«ÙO
""]c˜ÁX ]c˜ÁX %Á◊], YQÕˆ YVY“Á„‹ôˆ
XÃ[˝GS,'' AcÕ Ã[˝„[˝ W˝∂ˆÇÔ aTˆÓ a«F
]LÁcÕÃ^Á ]ÁX„[˝Ã[˝ Eı◊PˆX ◊XG‰QÕˆ
◊ªJÙÃ[˝EıÁ_ Ã[˝Á„F [˝gÁ≈◊W˝'* Âc˜ ]c˜ÁTˆYÿëˆ›,
Âc˜ Â\ˆV◊[˝LÃ^› Y“Áp˚, Y“]U-%Á`“Ã^,
a][˝«◊à˘! Tˆ[˝ Ã[˝Á„LÓ [˝–Á°˘S ªJÙâ¯Á_
a]ÁX* %Yl˘YÁTˆ› <`üÃ[˝ a[[˝ÔVÁ*
ÈVTˆÓ 581
=¨JÙ X›ªJÙ ÊªK˜ÁªRÙO [˝QÕˆ ÿëÊı„∂ˆÇÔ ÿëˆm„S*

l˘SÿöˆÁÃ^› ÂacÕ Â\ˆV, ÿöˆÁÃ^› %‹ôˆfÿöˆ„_
%„\ˆV %YÁY £à˘ a]W˝∂ˆÇfi-%Á±¡Á
AEıY“ÁS AEıLÁ◊Tˆ ÊY“] XÓÁÃ^-„QˆÁ„Ã[˝
]ÁX„[˝Ã[˝ `Tˆ LÁ◊Tˆ a‰ªJÙrÙ [˝gÁ≈◊W˝„Tˆ*
^«„G ^«„G ]„c˜`üÃ[˝ ]ÁX[˝-%‹ôˆ„Ã[˝
ßTˆÁ`X a] =◊Pˆ %XÓÁÃ^ %X Tˆ
%◊[˝ªJÙÁÃ[˝ %TˆÓÁªJÙÁÃ[˝ \ˆÿˆÇ Eı„Ã[˝ Lù◊_*
ªK˜Á‰QÕˆ XÁ TÛÁ◊Y ÿëˆÁUÔ, %X Tˆ-%Á[˝ÁÃ[˝
aTˆÓ-XÁ]-„[˝`W˝ÁÃ[˝› \«ˆ_ÁÃ^ ]ÁX„[˝*
EıYªRÙO %W˝∂ˆÇÔ ◊VÃ^Á ÂVÁc˜ÁcÕ W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝
LG„TˆÃ[˝ ◊aec˜Áa„X ◊[˝Ã[˝Á„L %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝*
Ây‘Á„W˝ Lù◊_ aVÁ, `ê«ˆ, ªJÙÁcÕ =ªK˜◊_Ã^Á
◊aµ«˘a] ]c˜ÁXÁ„V \ˆ›]`◊N˛[˝„_,
◊[˝XÁ` Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ ^Tˆ ◊]UÓÁ AcÕ \ˆ„[˝,
G◊QÕˆ[˝ X…TˆX ◊[˝`ü ÂÛÁ XÁ %Á◊a„[˝
%X Tˆ Eı_c˜ ÿëˆÁUÔ* AEıY“Á„S aVÁ
G\ˆ›„Ã[˝ %X«Y“Á◊STˆ a«F› XÃ[˝LÁ◊Tˆ
c˜bÔY…SÔ ÊY“]Y…SÔ ◊[˝`Á_ a]Á„L
]a S Y“›◊Tˆ◊XG‰QÕˆ [˝à˘ AEıTˆÁÃ^
%ÁX≥V ◊[˝„\ˆÁÃ[˝ Â^X ÂV[˝TˆÁ X≥V„X
Â\ˆV ÿëˆÁUÔ ^«à˘ \«ˆ◊_ W˝Ã[˝ÁGTˆ ÿëˆGÔ
\«ˆ◊t„[˝* ]c˜Tˆ› %Á`Á ◊[˝Ã[˝Á„L a[[˝ÔVÁ
A c˜÷V„Ã^* ◊[˝„Ã[˝Á„W˝ [˝–Á°˘S W˝…wÔ¯]XÁ,
◊[˝„Ã[˝Á„W˝ X Y◊Tˆ ÿëˆÁUÔYÃ[˝, W˝X◊Y“Ã^
È[˝`Ó, <bÔÁYÃ[˝ÁÃ^S ÂV[˝LÁ◊Tˆ ◊V„[˝*
%ÁÃ[˝ XÁ a„c˜ A Y“Á„S ◊[˝„`üÃ[˝ ^ÁTˆXÁ,
%ÁÃ[˝ XÁ a„c˜ A Y“Á„S A y‘≥VXW[˝◊X*
=◊Pˆ[˝ =◊Pˆ[˝, `ê«ˆ, ]c˜Á„y‘ÁW˝ÁX„_
VÑ˘ Eı◊Ã[˝ `y”G„S aÁ]Ó aTˆÓ ÊY“]
Y“ªJÙÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ ◊[˝„`ü* ÂW˝ÏTˆ Eı◊Ã[˝ Ã[˝„N˛

£à˘ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝Á„Ã[˝ =◊Pˆ ]◊_X Y ◊U[˝›*
[˝–Á°˘„SÃ[˝ Ã[˝„N˛ Q«ˆ◊[˝ ◊]UÓÁ C %X Tˆ,
l˘◊≈y„Ã^Ã[˝ Ã[˝„N˛ Q«ˆ◊[˝ a[˝_ %XÓÁÃ^
È[˝`ÓÃ[˝„N˛ ÿëˆÁUÔ ]◊L„[˝ ]◊L„[˝,
%ÁÃ[˝ XÁ =◊Pˆ„[˝ ]Á◊Tˆ \ˆÁÃ[˝Á◊zırÙ W˝Ã[˝Á
a[˝„_Ã[˝ L„Ã^Á{Á„a V«[[˝Ô_-y‘≥V„X*
aec˜Á◊Ã[˝[˝ aec˜Á◊Ã[˝[˝ ÂV[˝TˆÁ X≥V„X
ªK˜ÁÃ[˝FÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝ ÿëˆGÔ, `Ω`ÁX c˜cÕ„[˝
ÿëˆÁUÔEı_«◊bTˆ a«F* %]„Ã[˝Ã[˝ Y“Á„S
Y“„[˝` EıÃ[˝Á„Tˆ ] T«ˆÓ VÁC Â]Á„Ã[˝ `◊N˛*
ªJÙÁÃ^ Ã[˝N˛ ªJÙÁÃ^ Ã[˝N˛ aey«‘à˘Á EıÃ[˝Á_›*
EıTˆ`Tˆ ªK˜„≥VÁ[˝„µ˘...
EıTˆ`Tˆ ªK˜„≥VÁ[˝„µ˘ X TˆÓ EıÃ[˝, XªRÙOÃ[˝ÁL,
AcÕ Tˆ[˝ ◊[˝`ü]Á„Mı*
aVÁ XÁXÁ ÂVc˜ YÃ[˝, W˝Ã[˝ aVÁ XÁXÁ aÁL,
ÂHÁÃ[˝ X TˆÓ X[˝ EıÁ„L*
CcÕ =QÕˆ„_ ◊[˝c˜Ü], AcÕ [˝ÓÁH– ] T«ˆÓ a]

YQÕˆ c˜◊Ã[˝S›Ã[˝ ◊`„Ã[˝*
]daÓ T«ˆ◊], ÂL„_ T«ˆ◊] ÂZı_ LÁ_
◊XTˆÓÁX≥V ◊aµ«˘X›„Ã[˝*
YÃ[˝Á◊LTˆ Ã[˝Á[˝S
a]„[˝Tˆ Ã[˝„l˘Á[˝ ≥V, a[[˝Ô‰`“úˆ LÁ◊Tˆ
\…ˆ]â¯„_, a[[˝Ô‰`“úˆ Ã[˝±Ûˆ]Ã^› Y«Ã[˝›
a]«V–-ªJ«Ù◊∂ëˆTˆ •›„Y =¨JÙ ]c˜ÁÍ`„_
[˝gÁ≈◊W˝Ã^Á Ã[˝Á◊F‰ªK˜ ^ÁÃ[˝Á ÿëˆ„Tˆ„L ◊Xf`„·¯
ÂV„[˝`ü„Ã[˝ =„Y◊l˘Ã^Á, ◊[˝„`ü %[˝„c˜◊_'*
◊Eı‹ô«ˆ A ◊Eı `å Â`ÁX _·¯ÁÃ[˝ Y“ÁªJÙ›Ã[˝
ÂH„Ã[˝, A ◊Eı ÂEıÁ_Ác˜_ %Y…[[˝Ô A ÂV„`
G„#¤ A ◊Eı T«ˆ¨K˜ ÂaXÁ c˜„bÔ =Yc˜Á„a
◊[˝L„Ã^, `¿ÁHÁÃ^ XÁ◊ªJÙ' Ã[˝l˘f ]ÁTˆÁ-◊`„Ã[˝*
EıÁÃ[˝ \ˆ„Ã^ %Á◊ªK˜ [˝à˘ [˝≥V› ÿëˆXG„Ã[˝?
Âc˜◊Ã[˝ X›Ã[˝„[˝ Âa X TˆÓ, £◊X Âa G#¤X?
[˝Ã[˝”SÃ[˝◊l˘Tˆ Â^Áà˘Á %_eHÓ aÁG„Ã[˝
◊[˝`ü„\ˆÁG› ◊ªK˜X« Â]ÁÃ[˝Á* AEı l«˘V– •›Y
V◊_Ã^Á GÃ[˝[˝\ˆ„Ã[˝ aÁÃ[˝Á XÃ[˝LÁ◊Tˆ
ÂEıÁªRÙO› ÂEıÁªRÙO› ]ÁX„[˝Ã[˝ Y U« [˝a«µ˘Ã[˝Á
◊XLÿëˆ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á \«ˆ„t* V ä Y«Ã[˝≥VÃ[˝
Ëy„_ÁEıÓ-a∂ÉˆÁªRÙO XÁ„] [˝à˘ VÁaEı„∂ˆÇÔ
ÂTˆÁ]Á„VÃ[˝ \«ˆL[˝„_ _·¯ÁY«„Ã[˝ %Á◊L*
ÂacÕ Ã[˝l˘ Â]ÁÃ[˝Á, ÂacÕ _·¯Á AcÕ Y«Ã[˝›*
Y◊Ã[˝STˆ ◊Eı ]◊Å¤„[˝ ÂacÕ \«ˆL[˝_
l˘›SV›◊ä ◊Eı Âa VYÔ? [˝_ Ã[˝l˘GS,
◊G„Ã^‰ªK˜ ◊Eı `◊N˛ =‰QÕˆ %_◊l˘TˆÁ Ã[˝Á‰y
◊XV–ÁEı„Ã[˝ ◊ªK˜X« ^„[˝ ◊X`ÁÃ^ ◊X\ˆ¤„Ã^?
ÂEı Eı„Ã[˝‰ªK˜ ªJ«Ù◊Ã[˝ ÂTˆLf, E ıb’, ]c˜Á„V[˝,
%XÓ [˝Á aÁcã› ÂEıc˜ ◊Xÿôˆç˘ ◊X`›„U
EgıÁ◊Y„Tˆ EgıÁ◊Y„Tˆ Y◊` a«ä _·¯ÁY«„Ã[˝?
c˜ÁÃ^, A ◊Eı =Yc˜Áa %V ‰rÙÃ[˝, Â`„b
l«˘V– ^«„à˘ YÃ[˝Á◊LTˆ A %„LÃ^ LÁ◊Tˆ,
aÁ]ÁXÓ ]ÁX[˝ LÃ^› Ã[˝Ál˘„aÃ[˝ ÂV„`*
[˝«◊Mı_Á], ^◊V XÁ◊] Ã[˝”V– `…_YÁ◊S

\ˆ◊Ã[˝Ã^Á Y“]„U ÈV„TˆÓ ◊[˝`ü[˝_ TˆÁÃ[˝
Ã[˝ÁTˆ◊VX `Tˆ [˝bÔ ^«◊Mı [˝◊W˝ Ÿ[˝◊W˝
_â¯\ˆâ¯ Eı„Ã[˝ Â`„b _·¯Á ÈV[˝[˝„_*
[˝«◊Mı_Á], ^◊V YÁ◊Tˆ' E…ıªRÙOX›◊Tˆ-LÁ_
Ã[˝l˘f-[˝«◊à˘ %ÁgW˝Á◊Ã[˝Ã^Á c˜„Ã[˝ ]c˜Á◊[˝b«’
Ã[˝l˘f-_©ø›* Ã[˝Á]\«ˆ„L ◊[˝◊LTˆ %Á]Ã[˝Á,
]ÁX[˝-V◊_Tˆ _·¯Á Ã[˝Á[˝„SÃ[˝ Y«Ã[˝›*
c˜Áa a«„F, YÃ[˝Á◊LTˆ ÂV[˝GS ÿëˆ„GÔ,
XÁcÕ Vâ¯\ˆÃ^ %ÁÃ[˝* c˜Áa a«„F, cÕ≥V–,
VÁaÓ]«N˛ Y«Ã[˝≥VÃ[˝* ◊X◊≥V XÁ ÂTˆÁ]Á„Ã[˝
_#Áÿöˆ„_ ^◊V G[[˝Ô EıÃ[˝ A ◊[˝L„Ã^,
ÂLÓÁ◊Tˆ∂ˆÇÔÃ^ ÿëˆGÔY«Ã[˝›, a«◊ªJÙÃ[˝ [˝a‹ôˆ,
X≥VXEıÁXX \«ˆt ]„wÔ¯ÓÃ[˝ Y“aÁ„V*
]wÔ¯Ó\«ˆ„L YÃ[˝Á◊LTˆ Ã[˝Á[˝S ÂV[˝Á◊Ã[˝*
YÃ[˝Á◊LTˆ! Â`ÁX Â`ÁX V…Ã[˝ ]c˜ÁÍ`„_
£◊XÃ^Á A =◊N˛ c˜Á„a =G– Y“◊TˆW[˝◊X
_·¯Á•›„Y È`_a«TˆÁ ◊[˝EıªRÙO %ÁÃ[˝Á„[˝*
YÃ[˝Á◊LTˆ! ªR«ÙO‰ªRÙO AcÕ `å-=¨JÙÁÃ[˝„S
Y“ÁS ]], Z«ı‰ªRÙO XÁ A EıUÁ Ã[˝l˘]«„F*
Â_Ïc˜[˝„_ V ä Ã[˝l˘f Â_Ïc˜ %ÿóˆW˝ÁÃ[˝›
%T ˆä YÁ◊UÔ[˝ L„Ã^ ◊≈y◊V„[˝ }◊]X«
%T ˆä %Áy‘◊]' ªJ…ÙQÕˆÁ Ëy„_ÁEıÓ-%◊V–Ã[˝*
YÃ[˝Á◊LTˆ ÂacÕ LÁ◊Tˆ! %_›Eı A aTˆÓ
◊]UÓÁ AcÕ cÕ◊Tˆc˜Áa* }ÁTˆÁ, ◊]y, Y«y
c˜Tˆ Â]ÁÃ[˝, Ã[˝±Ûˆ]Ã^ ◊[˝`Á_ Y“ÁaÁ„V
\ ˆTˆÓLXY…SÔ Eı„l˘ ◊[˝ªJÙ◊Ã[˝ AEıÁEı›,
[˝ UÁ Fg«◊L [˝µ«˘]«F* Y…SÔ %‹ôˆfY«„Ã[˝
Y«yc˜›XÁ XÁÃ[˝›G„S Âc˜◊Ã[˝ £õı Y“Á„S
◊[˝ªJÙ◊Ã[˝ AEıÁEı›* a\ˆÁÿöˆ„_, Ã[˝S„l˘‰y
◊XÃ[˝ÁX≥V YÁX\…ˆ„], X›Ã[˝a y‘›QÕˆÁÃ^
YÃ[˝Á◊LTˆ Ã[˝Á[˝S 585
_·¯ÁÃ[˝ ÂGÏÃ[˝[˝ ^Tˆ [˝ UÁ Fg«◊L ÊªJÙÁ„F*

X›Ã[˝a Âa ◊aec˜XÁV, A EıSÔE«ıc˜„Ã[˝
Y…◊Ã[˝Tˆ %ÁX≥V‰ÿÉˆÁTˆf, ◊[˝L„Ã^Ã[˝ T…ˆÃ[˝›,
^«„à˘Ã[˝ %ÁÃâ›[˝ÁS›, V ä ◊aec˜XÁV
ÂaÁVÃ[˝ E«ıêÊı„SÔÃ[˝* %l˘, cÕ≥V–◊Ld,
X›Ã[˝[˝ ÂEıX ÂTˆÁ]Ã[˝Á A ◊[˝Yd-EıÁ„_*
c˜bÔÁÃ^ XÁ ÂEıX EıÁS, [˝da ◊ªJÙÃ[˝LÃ^›,
ÂTˆÁ„VÃ[˝ Âa Eı¢ˆW[˝◊X* ATˆcÕ ◊Eı V ªRÕÙ,
ATˆcÕ ]W˝«Ã[˝ ]Ã[˝„SÃ[˝ %Á◊_ÜX,
[˝da Â]ÁÃ[˝* l˘]Á EıÃ[, Ã[˝l˘GS, %Á◊L
Ã[˝Á[˝SV◊_TˆÁ W˝Ã[˝Á ◊Tˆ◊Tˆ_ Y“U]
Ã[˝Á[˝„SÃ[˝ %`“”L„_*
Âc˜ÁEı c˜Tˆ TˆÁÃ[˝Á
%Áª◊ªK˜ %Á◊]* ◊_◊F„[˝ ◊Eı cÕ◊Tˆc˜ÁaY „úˆ,
◊_◊F„[˝ ◊Eı aTˆÓ Tˆ„[˝ %ÁÃ^Áa %l˘„Ã[˝,
\«ˆ[˝X◊[˝LÃ^›-Ã[˝l˘ YÃ[˝Á◊LTˆ Â`„b
l«˘V–„Tˆ„L Ã[˝Á]c˜‰ÿôˆ! A ÂHÁÃ[˝ %Eı›◊wÔ¯
◊V[˝ XÁ ◊_◊F„Tˆ Eı\«ˆ Ã[˝l˘-cÕ◊Tˆc˜Á„a*
£◊XÃ^Á %Tˆ›TÊıUÁ ◊[˝◊ÿˆÇTˆ LGd
[˝_«Eı ]ÁÃ^ÁÃ^ ÈV„[˝ l˘SEıÁ_LÃ^›
Ã[˝„l˘Ã[˝ %[˝„c˜_ÁÃ^ ◊ªK˜_ VÁ`Ã[˝U›*
[˝_«Eı %‡«ˆTˆ [˝ÁwÔ¯Á %T«ˆ_Ó A \ˆ„[˝
[˝›Ã[˝-Y“ÁS-=XΩÁ◊VX›, --- c˜Tˆ-]«FÓ[˝›Ã[˝,
c˜TˆY«y, c˜Tˆ◊]y Ã[˝Ál˘a Ã[˝Á[˝S
%Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ =◊Pˆ_ G◊#¤ =XΩw¯ %Ác˜„[˝,
◊[˝XÁ`›' %^«Tˆ `y” %î _·¯Á[˝Áa›
%î◊V„X %îÁÃ^Á„a ◊[˝‰V–Ác˜› LGd
Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜ Y«Xf YÃ[˝ÁW˝›X* =Pˆ Tˆ„[˝
]«‰ªK˜ Aa Â`ÁEı-ÿˆÇ ◊Tˆ, ]«ªK˜ Y“ÁSY‰ªRÙO
◊[˝bÁ„VÃ[˝ ªK˜ÁÃ^Á ^Tˆ, %Áµ˘Á◊Ã[˝Tˆ ÊªªJÙÁ„F
=#ù_ Ây‘ÁW˝Á◊G¬* \«ˆ„_ ^ÁC VÃ^Á, zıÁ◊‹ôˆ,
Âc˜ ÿëˆGÔ◊[˝„LT ˆ LÁ◊Tˆ* Â_Ïc˜]Ã^ ÂV„c˜
Â_Ïc˜]Ã^ Y“ÁS◊ªJÙw¯ aÁ„L Ã[˝l˘G„S*

aec˜ÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ Y«Xf* ]c˜Á◊aµ«˘ _e◊H
◊X#¤X Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ [˝ÁÃ^«Y«y LXΩ\…ˆ◊],
%GSX [˝≥V› VÁ„a `…XÓ _·¯Á•›Y
Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ LXa·«¯_, LXΩÁ[˝ a«Ã[˝„Tˆ
`y”„VÃ[˝ LÁÃ^Á G„[˝\ˆ¤ˆ X[˝›X a‹ôˆ◊Tˆ*
^Ác˜Á ÂG_, ªK˜Á◊QÕˆ TˆÁc˜Á* %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ G◊QÕˆ[˝,
%Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ \ˆÁ◊Ü[˝* X◊c˜ l«˘V– XÃ[˝‰ªJÙTˆÁ,
UÁ„] XÁ Ã[˝Á[˝S-T ˆb’Á %î Ã[˝N˛ÿÉˆÁ„[˝,
%î-Y◊Ã[˝◊c˜eaÁ-Y◊Ã[˝T ˆä Â`ÁEı[˝◊c˜‘
◊X„\ˆ XÁ A ◊[˝`Á_ c˜÷V„Ã^, %î„\ˆÁ„G
∂⁄ˆÁX X„c˜ A cÕ◊≥V–Ã^„TˆLf* Ã[˝l˘f %Á◊]*
\«ˆ[˝X◊[˝LÃ^› Y«Xf \«ˆ◊t[˝ %a›„]*
X‰ªJÙd c˜÷rÙ c˜ ÂTˆÁÃ[˝Á, ◊`[˝ÁÃ[˝ ` GÁ_,
c˜÷rÙ c˜ G ◊W˝X› ^Tˆ* ac˜ÿÉˆ ac˜ÿÉˆ
XÃ[˝-Eı◊Y]«„â¯ ]c˜ÁÍ`_a] Ã[˝◊ªJÙ
YÁ◊Tˆ[˝ ]Ã[˝STˆî ◊Eıe[˝Á ßTˆÁ`„X
B`ü^Ô ÂaÏ≥V^ÔÓ ◊`î Y“ÁªJÙ›X _·¯ÁÃ[˝
cÕµ˘X EıîXÁ Eı◊Ã[˝ ÂZı◊_[˝, ÂZı◊_[˝
A %T«ˆ_ ◊Eı◊wÔ¯* A %◊F_ ]c˜ÁY«Ã[˝›
aÁLÁ[˝ Ã[˝Ál˘a› ◊ªJÙTˆÁ* ◊≈y◊V[˝ Y ◊U[˝›
◊L◊XÃ^Á◊ªK˜ ^«„à˘, [˝gÁ◊W˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜ ÂV[˝G„S,
\«ˆ„t◊ªK˜ %T«ˆ_Ó ^`f, ◊[˝`üªJÙl«˘ Y«◊QÕˆ
a…^ÔÓ Â^X Lù„_ X„\ˆ G–›„πÇÃ[˝ ]W˝ÓÁ‰c˜‘,
=w¯Á„Y LGd ◊zırÙ Ã[˝”V–V›◊ä Y…„L*
Lù◊_Ã^Á◊ªK˜ \…ˆ]â¯„_ ◊EıÃ[˝S Y“EıÁ◊`'*
Ã[˝◊tÃ^Á ◊XL Ã[˝”◊W˝„Ã[˝ GGX-X›◊_]Á
a…^ÔÓ Â^X %ÿôˆÁªJÙ„_ ÂQˆÁ„[˝ ]c˜Á„TˆLÁ,
Q«ˆ◊[˝[˝ ] T«ˆÓaÁG„Ã[˝* ◊ªK˜_Á] =V„Ã^,
Â\ˆÁGEıÁ„_ =¨JÙ◊`Ã[˝ ]c˜Á„TˆLÁ* %‰ÿôˆ
Ã[˝◊c˜[˝, ]Ã[˝„S, XÁ„` %„LÃ^ ÂTˆLÿëˆ›*
AEı◊ªRÙO Eı◊[˝TˆÁ
[˝µ«˘! ÊY“]V›l˘Á_Á„\ˆ }Á‹ôˆ ac˜÷VÃ^!
a~ÓÁa-%Á_aÓLÁ„_ W˝ Tˆ =¨JÙÁ`Ã^!
]c˜›Ã^ÁX aXÁTˆX ◊[˝\…ˆ◊Tˆ E ı„b’Ã[˝
Y◊TˆTˆ Eı◊_Eı◊_„_ W˝∂ˆÇÔ-%W˝„∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝!
[˝ UÁ EıÃ[˝ ◊TˆÃ[˝ïıÁÃ[˝, ◊X≥VÁ EıÃ[˝ YU*
[˝«◊Mı„[˝ XÁ T«ˆ◊] Â]ÁÃ[˝ =G– ]„XÁÃ[˝U*
%p˚Á„XÃ[˝ VÁa c˜„_ a√º¯ ◊]`“ Tˆ„]
X‰ªJÙd A =G–Eı„∂ˆÇÔ Tˆ[˝ ◊Y“Ã^Tˆ„]
◊ªJÙ◊X„Tˆ, ◊ªJÙ◊X„Tˆ E ı„b’* Â[˝ÁMı T«ˆ◊] Ã[˝ÁW˝Á
TˆÁ„Ã[˝ Â[˝ÁMı XÁcÕ, Y ƒü›-%a«Ã[˝-a∂ëˆÁW˝Á
Âc˜◊Ã[˝Ã^Á Â^ XÁ„] aVÁ EgıÁYÁ„Ã^ %ªJÙ_
=∑ªRÙOÁcÕÃ^Á `…_&„`Ô G…ªRÕÙ ◊aµ«˘Tˆ_*
Â[˝ÁMı T«ˆ◊] [˝gÁ`›, Â[˝ÁMı T«ˆ◊] [˝ ≥VÁ[˝X,
Â[˝ÁMı XÁcÕ Eıea c˜TˆÓÁ, E«ıÃ[˝”„l˘y Ã[˝S*
YÃ[˝] È[˝b’[˝ T«ˆ◊], EıÃ[˝ [˝«à˘-ÿôˆ[˝*
◊[˝b«’ Ã[˝”V– AEı ÂVc˜, ◊\ˆ~ %[˝Ã^[˝
\«ˆ„_ªK˜ ◊Eı? \«ˆ„_ªK˜ ◊Eı VÃ^ÁÃ[˝ \ˆÁâ¯ÁÃ[˝,
y…‘Ã[˝ c˜TˆÓÁEıÁÃ[˝› Eıíı› AEı %[˝TˆÁÃ[˝*
Ã[˝”V– Eıíı›\ˆÁ[˝ [˝«„Eı a∂ëˆ◊Ã[˝Ã^Á EıÁX«
Ã[˝ÁW˝ÁÃ[˝ ªJÙÃ[˝SY“Á„‹ôˆ YÁ◊TˆÃ^Á‰ªK˜ LÁX«*
Y…SÔ VÃ^Á %[˝Ã[˝”à˘ LXX›Ã[˝ Y“Á„S,
È\ˆÃ[˝[˝› Ã[˝Ál˘a› ªJÙâ¯› ]Á„Tˆ =G– Ã[˝„S*
AcÕ Â^ Â[˝Ï„à˘Ã[˝ W˝∂ˆÇÔ ]ÁÃ^Á„]Ác˜-a rÙ
%◊c˜eaÁÃ^ `¿U◊ªJÙw¯, EıÃ[˝”SÁÃ^ ◊zırÙ,
Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝ XÁ Tˆ›[˝– ◊_¥aÁ LG„TˆÃ[˝ ◊c˜„Tˆ,
W˝◊Ã[˝„[˝ XÁ p˚ÁX-%◊a %p˚ÁX F◊â¯„Tˆ*
V›XTˆÁÃ^ ÂTˆ„LÁc˜›X, %Á_„aÓ ◊XfaÁÃ[˝,
]ÁUÁÃ[˝ ]«â¯X, \g«ˆ◊QÕˆÃ[˝ [˝à˘¤X aÁÃ[˝,
[˝«„à˘Ã[˝ X„c˜ A \ˆÁ[˝* ]ÁÃ^Á]«N˛ W˝›Ã[˝

Eı‰PˆÁÃ[˝ TˆYÿëˆ›‰`“úˆ ÂaC ]c˜Á[˝›Ã[˝*
[˝µ«˘◊ªJÙw¯ V◊_ YÁ„Ã^ ]w¯ ]c˜Á[˝–„Tˆ,
◊Zı„Ã[˝ XÁ TˆÁEıÁ„Ã^, ÂG_ AEıV rÙ Y„U*
AcÕ Â^ È[˝b’[˝Tˆ‹óˆ ◊[˝G◊_Tˆ◊ªJÙw¯,
`¿UTˆÁÃ^ EıÁÃ[˝”◊SEı, ÂVÏ[[˝Ô„_Ó ◊X[˝ w¯,
aTˆTˆ %_aGÁy, E ıYÁ◊[˝à˘-]∂ˆÇÔ,
%ÁW˝ÓÁ◊≈±¡Eı EıÁ]]„V [˝›^ÔÓc˜ÁÃ[˝Á W˝∂ˆÇÔ,
◊[˝`ü[˝›Ã[˝ `“›E ı„b’Ã[˝ %ÁÃ[˝ÁW˝Eı [˝„_
TgˆÁÃ[˝ [˝ÁEıÓ, TgˆÁÃ[˝ W˝∂ˆÇÔ Eı„∂ˆÇÔ [˝Á„EıÓ V'„_,
""VÃ^Á'' ""ÊY“]'' [˝◊_ aVÁ, ^ÁUÁUÔÓ VÃ^ÁÃ[˝, ---
ÊY“„]Ã[˝ Y“FÃ[˝ aTˆÓ Eı„Ã[˝‰ªK˜ %aÁÃ[˝, ---
X„c˜ ËªJÙTˆ„XÓÃ[˝ V›l˘Á* Y“ªJÙâ¯ a«W˝›Ã[˝
Tˆ›[˝– ÊY“], Tˆ›[˝– l˘]Á, Tˆ„]Á]«N˛ [˝›Ã[˝
ÂGÏÃ[˝ÁÜ Âa `ªJÙ›a…Tˆ*
ÂVF◊X aÁGÃ[˝?
mä ]„c˜`üÃ[˝ Â^X, --- %GSX ÿôˆÃ[˝,
◊X∏JÙ_ ◊XG…ªRÕÙ `Á‹ôˆ, %_l˘Ó ◊[˝ÿôˆÁÃ[˝, ---
%GSX X›_ X TˆÓ =Y„Ã[˝ TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝*
c˜Á◊a‰ªK˜ EgıÁ≈◊V‰ªK˜ ÊªRÙ=, ◊[˝`Á_ TˆÃ[˝„Ü
YÁ„Ã^ Y‰QÕˆ Y ◊U[˝›Ã[˝, ªJ«Ù„∂ëˆ XÁXÁ Ã[˝„Ü*
◊Eı‹ô«ˆ Âa %ÁX≥V]Ã^ _›_Á y‘›QÕˆÁ L_◊W˝Ã[˝
c˜cÕ„[˝ XÁ Eı\«ˆ ^◊V, Y“◊TˆúˆÁ G\ˆ›Ã[˝,
%ªJÙ_ %Tˆ_ mc˜Ó Eı„Ã[˝ XÁ W˝ÁÃ[˝S
G…ªRÕÙ‰ªJÙTˆÁ ]c˜Á◊aµ˘« %]ÁYÓ Â^ÁLX
ÿëˆV›◊YTˆ %µ˘EıÁ„Ã[˝ X›Ã[˝„[˝ A„Eı_Á*
]c˜Tˆ› Âa ÿôˆç˘TˆÁÃ^ AcÕ X TˆÓ ÂF_Á*
ÂVF XÁcÕ Y«Xf ^„[˝ [˝ÁÃ^«Ã[˝ TˆÁQÕˆ„X
y«‘à˘ =‰Pˆ %◊XÃ[˝”à˘, -- Â^ÁL„X Â^ÁL„X
GÃ[˝◊L‰ªK˜ \ˆ›] ◊aµ«˘ ◊XÅ¤Ã^ %YÁÃ[˝,
AEı◊ªRÙO Eı◊[˝TˆÁ 589
%X‹ôˆ-y…‘Ã[˝TˆÁ-]…◊wÔ¯, ÂÃ[˝Á„bÃ[˝ ◊[˝ÿôˆÁÃ[˝

c˜Á◊a‰ªK˜ %ÁEıÁ` L«◊QÕˆ* %ÁÃ[˝Á„[˝ [˝◊W˝Ã[˝,
%vÙc˜Á„aÓ ◊aec˜XÁ„V y…‘Ã[˝ L_◊W˝Ã[˝
ÂQˆÁ„[˝ TˆÃ[˝›, ÂQˆÁ„[˝ XÃ[˝* Â`Á„X ◊Eı y‘≥VX,
◊Xú«ˆÃ[˝ y‘›QÕˆÁÃ^ ]w¯ %Á◊_◊Ü' Y[˝X?
%XÓ AcÕ y‘›QÕˆÁ, %XÓ X TˆÓ, %XÓ ÿëˆÃ[˝,
A ªJ«Ù∂ëˆX %XÓ, --- %UªJÙ ÂacÕ aÁGÃ[˝*
[˝◊_„[˝ ◊Eı T«ˆ◊], ÂEıÁXÀ aÃ^TˆÁX Tˆ„[˝
c˜Á„a AcÕ \ˆ›] c˜Á„aÓ, QˆÁ„Eı AcÕ Ã[˝„[˝?
ÂEıÁXÀ Ã[˝Ál˘„aÃ[˝ Âc˜X V ä %TˆÓÁªJÙÁÃ[˝
y‘›QÕˆÁ¨K˜„_? A VÁÃ[˝”S %Á◊_ÜX EıÁÃ[˝?
LÁX Âa Ã[˝Ál˘„a T«ˆ◊]* ◊XÃ[˝F %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝,
[˝–L[˝Á_Á ÊªJÙ„X [˝–„L [˝e`›Ã[˝[˝ TˆÁÃ[˝*
[˝ UÁ [˝_, %£\ˆ a LX ]ÁX„[˝Ã[˝;
[˝ UÁ [˝_ y…‘Ã[˝TˆÁ ÂFÃ^Á_ Ã[˝Ál˘„aÃ[˝*
AcÕ \ˆ›] Ã[˝”V–y‘›QÕˆÁ Eı„Ã[˝‰ªK˜X ◊Tˆ◊X
^gÁ„Ã[˝ [˝„_ VÃ^Á]Ã^, ÊY“]]Ã^ ◊^◊X*
ÂEıX Eı„Ã[˝, ]Á„Tˆ ÂEıX A \ˆ›] %Ác˜„[˝,
]ÁÃ^Á]«◊N˛ AcÕ ]…„_Ó ◊ªJÙ◊XÃ^Á ÂEı`„[˝*
%£„\ˆ ^FX ÂV◊F £\ˆ a ◊rÙ TgˆÁÃ[˝,
y…‘Ã[˝TˆÁÃ^ ◊ªJÙ◊X VÃ^Á, TˆFXcÕ ◊XÿôˆÁÃ[˝*
a[[˝Ô„Ã[˝ÁW˝ ^ÁÃ^ Â\ˆ„Ü, a[[˝Ô YÁY ]„Ã[˝,
]«N˛ %X‹ôˆ◊X[˝Áa› L›[˝Á±¡Á ◊[˝ªJÙ„Ã[˝*
%ÁÃ[˝ XÁcÕ ÂEıc˜ EıÁÃ[˝ a[˝ÁcÕ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝,
LXΩ] T«ˆÓ‰ÿÉˆÁ„Tˆ ªJÙ„_ _›_Á %◊X[˝ÁÃ[˝*
_›_Á]Ã^ Tˆ„YÁ]Ã^ ◊[˝„`ü XÁÃ[˝ÁÃ^S
%X‹ôˆ ËªJÙTˆXÓ-]w¯ %ÁX≥V-&≥VX*
aÁ◊[˝y›
X›Ã[˝[˝ %Ã[˝SÓÃ[˝ÁL›, AEıÁ◊EıX› ◊X`Á
◊[˝`Á_ ◊Xÿôˆ ç˘ Y“Á„S £◊X‰ªK˜ ◊X]G¬
%LÁXÁ ◊X\ ˆTˆ ÿëˆÃ[˝, %ÿˆè«ıªRÙO ◊Xf`üÁa
%YÁ◊UÔ[˝ YVW[˝◊X, ^Á [˝Á„L XÁ Eı\«ˆ
a«F„_Á\ˆ› ◊V[˝„aÃ[˝ W˝XÁµ˘ c˜÷V„Ã^*
◊[˝ªJÙ„Ã[˝ XÁ \ˆ›][˝„X ◊X`ÁªJÙÃ[˝ Y“ÁS›,
Lù„_ XÁ %ÁgW˝Á„Ã[˝ y…‘Ã[˝ ªJÙl«˘* a«ä T ˆ„S
◊X◊[˝QÕˆ LÜ„_ ÂHÃ[˝Á `Á◊Ã^Tˆ `ÁÅ«¤_,
Y◊Ã[˝T ˆä ◊c˜eÿÉˆ Y“ÁS \ˆÃ[˝Á Ã[˝N˛]Áe„a*
G\ˆ›Ã[˝ a]Á◊W˝]G¬ Ã[˝LX›Ã[˝ ◊ªJÙw¯
&≥Vc˜›X ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁc˜›X %X‹ôˆ ◊Tˆ◊]„Ã[˝*
c˜PˆÁd ªJÙ]◊Eı ÂV„F G\ˆ›Ã[˝XÃ^XÁ
ÿëˆ‰Y¬ Â^X LÁGÃ[˝S %&rÙ %Á\ˆÁa
a«ä ÊªJÙTˆXÁÃ[˝ LQÕˆ %‰ªJÙTˆX LªRÙOÁ
_«hıÁX ◊X◊W˝Ã[˝ V›◊ä %µ˘EıÁÃ[˝ H„Ã[˝
LÁ◊G‰ªK˜ [˝aXY“Á„‹ôˆ ◊ªJÙÃ[˝ %Á¨K˜Á◊VTˆ
a«◊ÿˆÇTˆÁ \ˆ◊GX› =bÁ* £„Ã^◊ªK˜_ ªRÙÁ◊Eı
E ıb’EıÁÃ^Á \ˆ◊GX›Ã[˝ %á˚„_ XÃ^X
%µ˘EıÁ„Ã[˝ \ˆ›Tˆ Â^X [˝Á◊_EıÁ ]Á„Ã^Ã[˝
%á˚„_ _«EıÁ„Ã^ %Ü H«]ÁÃ^ ◊Xf`„·¯*
<bd TˆX« ◊c˜‰{Á„_ X◊QÕˆ_ AFX,
YÁâ«¯Ã[˝ ◊EıÃ[˝S %Á\ˆÁ
E«ıa«] ◊XªJÙÃ^ £} ïı„µ˘Ã[˝ a„·¯Tˆ*
%◊aTˆ %[˝m¢ˆX ÂZı◊__ ªJÙá˚_Á
%_a %Ü«◊_ W˝›„Ã[˝ LÁ◊G %„î %„î*
Ã[˝÷Ya› ◊ªJÙÃ[˝„^Ï[˝XÁ %ÁX◊≥VX› ÂV[˝›
GGX-=VHÁªRÙO› V›◊ä %]Ã[˝ %Ág◊FÃ[˝
=„XΩ◊b =◊Pˆ_ c˜Á◊a %Á‚Ú˜Á◊VTˆ ◊[˝„`ü*
◊ªJÙw¯c˜ÁÃ[˝› ÿëˆSÔc˜Á◊a \ˆÁ◊a_ GGX
aÁ◊[˝y› 591
%ÁX≥V_c˜Ã[˝› Â^X ÂaÁXÁÃ[˝ TˆÃ[˝„Ü

[˝«_Á„Ã^ %Á„_ÁEı&`Ô c˜÷V„Ã^ XÃ^„X
£}-[˝l˘-%Á\ˆÁ a „L Y◊[˝y ◊[˝_Á„a*
%Á[˝Ã[˝„S %XÁ[˝ Tˆ Â`üTˆ TˆX«EıÁ◊‹ôˆ
a«a…©ø %Á„_ÁEı[˝ÿóˆ ◊[˝V„Ã[˝ Y¿Á◊[˝Ã^Á
XG¬ÁÜ Ã[˝÷Y¨K˜ªRÙOÁÃ^ ÂV[˝±ºˆ Y“EıÁ◊`'*
]W˝«Ã[˝c˜Á◊aX› =bÁ Ã[˝ÁT«ˆ_ %Ü«◊_
[˝«_ÁcÕ_ LG„TˆÃ[˝ YÁâ«¯Ã[˝ Eı„YÁ„_*
ªJÙÃ[˝S◊[˝„l˘Y TˆÁÃ[˝ Y◊Tˆ„Tˆ =VÓTˆ
W˝Ã[˝ÁW˝Á] ÂV◊F ÂV[˝› ªJÙÁ◊c˜Ã^Á ◊YªK˜„X
a…„^ÔÓÃ[˝ %Á`ÁÃ^ ◊Zı◊Ã[˝, ◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ`›_ G◊Tˆ
[˝Á◊c˜◊Ã[˝_ %]„Ã[˝Ã[˝ aXÁTˆ X Eı„∂ˆÇÔ*
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£◊X‰ªK˜ ac˜ÿÉˆ Eı„SÔ Y“\ˆÁTˆ-◊XiıS
%ÁX◊≥VTˆ ◊[˝`üY“ÁS* LÁ◊G_ aÁ◊[˝y›
a«Fc˜›X LÁGÃ[˝„S* EgıÁ◊Y ◊V[˝Á&„`Ô
%ÁTˆ·¯ LÁ◊G_ a„Ü* [˝«„Eı c˜ÁTˆ U«cÕª
LÁ„X XÁcÕ ÂEıX ÂaUÁ Y«Ã[˝ÁTˆX
◊ªJÙÃ[˝aF› Â^X V«fF Â^ l˘Tˆ ÿöˆÁ„XÃ[˝
◊Eı %ÿˆè«ıªRÙO ^‹óˆSÁÃ[˝* ÿˆÇ ◊Tˆ •ÁÃ[˝YÁ_
%Á◊a_ TˆFX F«◊_ ◊XV–Á[˝ Tˆ Y“ÁS
a«ä `TˆV_ a] ◊[˝]bÔ Y“\ˆÁ„Tˆ*
Âc˜◊Ã[˝_ %‹ôˆ„Ã[˝ Â`üTˆ Y“ÿôˆÃ[˝ ]…Ã[˝◊Tˆ
◊Ã[˝N˛ ÂV[˝Á_„Ã^ Â]ÏX› ◊XÅ¤Ã^ ÂV[˝TˆÁ
%„Yl˘Á Eı◊Ã[˝‰ªK˜ V«fF X›Ã[˝[˝ c˜÷V„Ã^
ÈV◊XEı ◊X„[˝VÓ %`“”* ◊[˝`“Á‹ôˆ a«≥VÃ[˝
◊[˝`Á_ XÃ^X T«ˆ◊_ a«◊ÿˆÇTˆ =bÁÃ[˝
XÃ^„X ªJÙÁ◊c˜_* AcÕ %Á„_Á◊EıTˆ ◊[˝`ü
Â[˝ÁMıÁ Â^X [˝«„Eı TˆÁÃ[˝, V«fF TˆÁÃ[˝ ÂH◊Ã[˝
`y” Â^X A %ÁX≥V* LÁ◊X_ Y“\ˆÁTˆ
Y“Á„S„`Ã[˝ ] T«ˆÓ◊VX A ÿëˆSÔ-TˆÃ[˝„Ü*
LÁ◊G_ LXX›
Ã[˝Áy› ◊•Y“c˜Ã[˝ ^„[˝ a«ä LGd X›Ã[˝„[˝
H«]Á„Ã^ Y‰QÕˆ‰ªK˜ W˝Ã[˝Á %µ˘EıÁÃ[˝ ÂEıÁ„_,
Y“a«ä GGX, y«‘à˘ [˝ÁÃ^«Ã[˝ ◊Xf`üÁa Ã[˝”à˘,
◊X◊[˝QÕˆ Â]H◊Tˆ◊]„Ã[˝ TˆÁÃ[˝Á XÁ◊c˜ Lù„_,
QˆÁXÁ ◊V„Ã^ ÊªJÙÁF ªRÙÁ◊Eı
[˝ÁaÁÃ^ ◊X]G¬ YÁF›,
XÁcÕ Y£-◊[˝ªJÙÃ[˝S, XÁcÕ YVW[˝◊X*
TˆFX LÁ◊G_ LXX›*
TˆFX ß·¯ÁÃ[˝ ªK˜Á◊QÕˆÃ^Á =◊Pˆ LÁ◊G_ LXX›*
\ˆ›] ªJÙl«˘ =XΩ›◊_Ã^Á LÁ◊G_ LXX›*
Â^X a…^ÔÓ V«ªRÙO›
LÁ◊G_ ^FX ]ÁTˆÁ X‰QÕˆ XÁ AEıªRÙO› YÁTˆÁ

◊Xõı+ V›„YÃ[˝ %Á„_Á H„Ã[˝ ◊∂ÉˆÃ^]ÁS*
LXc˜›X Y«Ã[˝Y„U Âl˘‰y %Ã[˝„SÓ Y[[˝Ô„Tˆ
G\ˆ›Ã[˝ a«b«◊ä]G¬ LG„TˆÃ[˝ Y“ÁS*
a]«‰V–Ã[˝ L_Ã[˝Á◊`
Â[˝_ÁÃ^ ªR«ÙO‰ªRÙO XÁ c˜Á◊a',
Y“EıÁâ¯ ◊X∏JÙ_ ÿôˆç˘ L_◊W˝ ◊Xf`å*
Tˆ„[˝ ÂEıX LÁ◊G_ LXX›?
ÂEı [˝◊_„[˝ ◊Eı[˝Á £„X LÁ◊G_ LXX›?
Ã[˝Á‰y EıÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ X›Ã[˝[˝ ÿôˆ„[˝ LÁ◊G_ LXX›
ß·¯Á◊Ã[˝Ã^Á
H«]Á_ LXX› ^„[˝ EıÁÃ[˝ %Á`Á ◊ªK˜_ c˜„[˝

ÂacÕ %µ˘ ◊Tˆ◊]„Ã[˝C ]ÁÃ[˝ LÁGÃ[˝S?
◊XÃ[˝Á` Ã[˝Á≈y›„Tˆ ]G¬ V«f„F Y“ÁS ◊ªJÙÃ[˝\ˆG¬
H«„]C ªJÙ◊EıTˆ £„X YÁTˆÁÃ[˝ YTˆX*
LÁ◊G_ LXX› 593
a«ªJÙT«ˆÃ[˝ YÃ[˝Áy‘Á‹ôˆ
G◊[[˝ÔTˆ ]c˜ÁV«Å¤Á‹ôˆ
%a«„Ã[˝Ã[˝ Ã[˝ÁL_©ø› ÂH„Ã[˝‰ªK˜ W˝Ã[˝S›*
c˜PˆÁd ß·¯Á◊Ã[˝_ LXX›*
c˜PˆÁd `Tˆ `Tˆ ◊aµ« a] ß·¯Á◊Ã[˝_ LXX›*
LÁGÁcÕ„Tˆ Y«yL„X ß·¯Á◊Ã[˝_ LXX›*
[˝qa]
[˝Ó◊UTˆ c˜÷VÃ^Á„[˝„G ◊ªK˜_ XÁ ◊Eı ÂEıc˜ ÂL„G
ÂacÕ ÂHÁÃ[˝ Ã[˝Áy›EıÁ„_ LXX›Ã[˝ Tˆ„Ã[˝?
V«cÕª JÙÁ◊Ã[˝LX ]Áy Âl˘Ï„]Ã^ %Á[˝ Tˆ GÁy
ÂV[˝Á_„Ã^ ◊ªK˜_ [˝„a XG¬ %◊a Eı„Ã[˝*
EıÃ[˝Á_›Ã[˝ ]c˜Á\ˆN˛
]ÁFÁcÕ„Tˆ ◊XL Ã[˝N˛
LXX›Ã[˝ YÁ„Ã^ TˆÁÃ[˝Á LÁ◊G_ Ã[˝LX›*
TˆÁcÕ =◊Pˆ_ LXX›
ªTˆÁcÕ \ˆ›] ◊YYÁaÁÃ^ Ây‘Á„W˝ LÁ◊G_ LXX›*
◊aec˜XÁV ªK˜Á◊QÕˆ ◊[˝„`ü LÁ◊G_ LXX›*
\«ˆ[˝XY“„[˝Á„W˝
%vÙc˜Á◊a ]«„F ªK«˜‰ªRÙO ◊[˝V«Ód XÃ^„X Z«ı‰ªRÙO
]ÁÃ[˝ Ã[˝”◊W˝Ã[˝ÁN˛ Ây‘ÁW˝E«ıa«] \ˆ›bS
ÈVTˆÓ]«â¯•Ã^ Eı„Ã[˝ V«_ÁcÕÃ^Á Ây‘ÁW˝\ˆ„Ã[˝
Eı◊Ã[˝‰ªK˜ LXX› =◊Pˆ \ˆ›] %Á[˝Ác˜X*
ÂEı T«ˆ◊] G\ˆ›Ã[˝ Ã[˝Á„Tˆ ÈVTˆÓ]«â¯ M«ı„_ c˜Á„Tˆ
V«_ÁcÕÃ^Á EıÃ[˝ ÂV„` Ã[˝N˛[˝◊Ã[˝bS
%◊G¬E«ıâ¯ ÂXy•Ã^ LXX› Eı◊Ã[˝‰ªK˜ \ˆÃ^
W˝Ã[˝ÁTˆ_ EgıÁYÁcÕÃ^Á EıÃ[˝ ◊[˝ªJÙÃ[˝S
""=Pˆ =Pˆ'' =G–XÁ„V
]W˝«]Ã^ %[˝aÁ„V
TˆÁQÕˆÁcÕ„Tˆ EıÃ[˝ Eı¢ˆW[˝◊X*

AcÕ Â^ Â]Á„VÃ[˝ LXX›
^]„Xy Lù„_ \ˆÁ„_ %ÁcÕ_ LXX›
X ]«â¯ MıXÀMı„X XÁ◊ªJÙ TˆÁ„_ TˆÁ„_, %Á◊a‰ªK˜ LXX›
=Pˆ =Pˆ =G– Ã[˝„[˝
ÂV[˝ ÈVTˆÓ XÃ[˝ a„[˝
=◊Pˆ‰ªK˜ GÃ[˝◊L ÂEıc˜ EıÁÃ[˝ C c˜bÔW[˝◊X*
AcÕ Â^ %Á]ÁÃ[˝ LXX›
^]„Xy Lù„_ \ˆÁ„_ ª%Á◊a‰ªK˜ LXX›
X ]«â¯ XÁ‰ªJÙ TˆÁ„_ TˆÁ„_ %Á◊a‰ªK˜ LXX›*
^«à˘ Mı◊ªRÙOEıÁÃ[˝ ]Á„Mı %◊a %◊a EıÁ„Ã^ [˝Á„L
%◊G¬[˝ ◊rÙ ªK«˜‰ªRÙO Ã[˝„S %ÁEıÁ` [˝◊W˝Ã[˝
1
[...] =G–„Ã[˝Á„_ ZıÁ‰ªRÙO EıÁS Y ƒü› ÂVÁ„_
[˝„c˜ [˝„c˜ Ã[˝N˛ Â^X ÊÿÉˆÁTˆÿëˆTˆ› X›Ã[˝*
Eı„[˝ ◊ªJÙ◊X[˝ ◊ªJÙ◊X[˝ ]Á„Eı
◊aµ«˘a] ^„[˝ QˆÁ„Eı
2
=QÕˆÁcÕÃ^Á \ˆ›]`üÁ„a ÈVTˆÓÃ[˝ÁLÓ ªJÙâ¯› c˜Á„a
TˆFX ◊ªJÙ◊X[˝ LXX›
^FX Ã[˝N˛XV›‰ÿÉˆÁ„Tˆ XÁ◊c˜ XÁ◊ªJÙ‰ªK˜ LXX›
LÁ◊X„[˝ ◊X∏JÙÃ^ Tˆ„[˝ ÂL„G‰ªK˜ LXX›*
1* V«πYÁPˆÓ
2* YÁâ«¯◊_◊Y„Tˆ ""\ˆ›]'' `åÁe`◊ªªRÙO EıÁ◊ªRÙOÃ^Á ÂVCÃ^Á %Á‰ªK˜* --- a
=bÁc˜Ã[˝S EıÁ[˝Ó
(%a+…SÔ)
[=bÁc˜[Ã ˝S EıÁ„[˝Ó[Ã ˝ ÂYÏÃ[˝Á◊SEı EıÁ◊c˜X›: ÈVTˆÓ[Ã ˝ÁL [˝ÁS ◊`„[˝[Ã ˝ =YÁaEı ◊ªK˜„_X* =YÁaXÁÃ[˝
•ÁÃ[˝Á ◊Tˆ◊X ◊`[˝„Eı T«ˆrÙ Eı„Ã[˝X* ◊`[˝ Y“◊Tˆp˚Á[˝à˘ c˜X Â^ [˝Á„SÃ[˝ ◊[˝YdEıÁ„_ ◊Tˆ◊X [˝ÁS„Eı Ã[˝l˘Á
EıÃ[˝„[˝X*
[˝Á„SÃ[˝ EıXÓÁ =bÁ E ı„b’Ã[˝ ÂYÏy %◊XÃ[˝”„à˘Ã[˝ Ã[˝÷„Y %ÁE ırÙ c˜„Ã^ TgˆÁÃ[˝ ac˜ªJÙÃ[˝›Ã[˝ aÁc˜Á„^Ó
%◊XÃ[˝”à˘„Eı ÈVTˆÓY«„Ã[˝ ◊X„Ã^ %Á„aX A[˝e ÂGÁY„X Gµ˘[˝Ô]„Tˆ TgˆÁ„Eı ◊[˝[˝Ác˜ Eı„Ã[˝X* [˝ÁSÃ[˝ÁLÁ
AcÕ ◊[˝[˝Á„c˜[Ã ˝ EıUÁ £„X %◊XÃ[˝”„à˘[Ã ˝ a„Ü ^«„à˘ %[˝Tˆ›SÔ c˜X A[˝e ^«„à˘ %◊XÃ[˝”à˘„Eı VÁÃ[˝”S\ˆÁ„[˝
YÃ[˝Áÿôˆ C [˝≥V› Eı„Ã[˝X*
%◊XÃ[˝”„à˘Ã[˝ ]«◊N˛Ã[˝ L„XÓ `“›E ıb’ ÿëˆÃê [˝Á„SÃ[˝ a„Ü ^«„à˘ ◊_ä c˜X* AcÕ ^«„à˘ [˝ÁS
a+…SÔ Ã[˝÷„Y YÃ[˝Áÿôˆ c˜„_ ◊Tˆ◊X E ı„b’Ã[˝ EıÁ‰ªK˜ XTˆLÁX« c˜„Ã^ l˘]Á Y“ÁUÔXÁ Eı„Ã[˝X* %TˆfYÃ[˝
E ı„b’Ã[˝ VÃ^ÁÃ^ ]c˜ÁEıÁ_ XÁ„] ◊[˝FÓÁTˆ c˜„Ã^ ◊`„[˝Ã[˝ %X«ªJÙÃ[˝[˝„GÔÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó GSÓ c˜X* -- a ]
Y“U] EıÁâ¯
ÂEıÁ◊Eı_ XÁ] Y“U] aGÔ
GÁC Y«Xf Âc˜ ÂEıÁ◊Eı_ Â^ GÁX GÁ◊c˜Ã^Á
%Áa›X Y«◊πYTˆ [˝ „l˘ YÁ◊F-Ã[˝÷„Y ◊[˝◊W˝
◊≈y◊V„[˝ ◊[˝„Ã[˝ÁW˝-VÁc˜, ]c˜Á^«à˘ ]„wÔ¯Ó
HªRÙOÁcÕ„_ E«ıc˜◊Ã[˝Ã^Á Z«ı„_Ã[˝ %ÁQÕˆÁ„_
Eı◊Ã[˝_ Â^ Â[˝_Á ÿoˆÁX ÈVTˆÓ[˝Á_Á =bÁ
E«ıa«]-`Ã^X TˆÓ◊L ◊V[˝Ó [˝ÁSY«„Ã[˝*
=◊PˆÃ^Á %X…ªRÕÙÁ [˝Á_Á Âc˜◊Ã[˝_ [˝Á◊c˜„Ã[˝
Y“ÁTˆfEıÁ„_ Y“ÿˆè«ı◊ªRÙOTˆ ÂEıÁEıXV a„Ã[˝,
Âc˜◊Ã[˝_ %Ã[˝”S Â`Á\ˆÁ, ÂF◊_‰ªK˜ ◊[˝ªRÙOY›
TˆÃ[˝”_›_Á, ÂVFÁcÕ‰ªK˜ _«hıÁcÕ‰ªK˜ c˜Á◊a'
a…„^ÔÓÃ[˝ TˆÃ[˝”S %Á„_Á* a]›Ã[˝S W˝›◊Ã[˝ª
mt◊Ã[˝‰ªK˜ Y«πYV„_ ◊`◊`Ã[˝ _◊\ˆÃ^Á,
]W˝« E«ıc˜◊Ã[˝‰ªK˜ ◊YEı* ]W˝«]Ã^ ÿëˆ„Ã[˝
E«ıc˜◊Ã[˝„_, ÈVTˆÓ[˝Á_Á, aF›G„S QˆÁ◊Eı*
""=Pˆ, ªJÙÁÃ[˝”„XyÁ, ◊Y“Ã^ a◊F, CcÕ Âc˜Ã[˝

a«≥VÃ[˝ Y ◊U[˝› =◊Pˆ XÁ◊c˜‰ªK˜ ◊`◊`„Ã[˝*
X›Ã[˝a Y…[[˝ÔÁc˜‘ ◊XV–Á* %ÁÃ^ cÕ¨K˜Á Eı„Ã[˝
^ÁcÕ XÁ◊c˜ V–”Tˆ L„_ ÂÛÁ È`[˝◊_X›
%^«Tˆ-TˆÃ[˝Ü-ÿëˆÃ[˝Á
Tˆ›Ã[˝-Z«ı_-V_ [˝◊c˜ ◊X∂ˆÇÔ_ a◊_„_
ªK«˜‰ªRÙO ªJÙÁÃ[˝” =Y[˝X ªJ«Ù∂ëˆ„X `›Tˆ◊_*''
£◊XÃ^Á Âa ◊Y“Ã^ [˝ÁS› XÁGÃ[˝ÁL[˝Á_Á
Â^X ÂEıÁ◊Eı„_Ã[˝ E«ıß a«V…Ã[˝ ◊XE«ı„t
%ÁcÕ_ %_aG◊Tˆ* AF„XÁ Ã[˝◊c˜_
◊[˝`Á_ XÃ^„X ◊XV–Á Â^X Y«„πY ÂÃ[˝S«
E«ı]ÁÃ[˝› Ã[˝”◊ªJÙÃ[˝ÁXXÁ ªJÙÁÃ[˝”„XyÁ ªJÙÁÃ[˝”
XÁGÃ[˝ÁLEıXÓÁ* TˆÁ„Ã[˝ Y“U] [˝Ã^„a
>àùÔ˘V«GÔ XÁGY«Ã[˝ \ˆÿˆÇaÁd Eı◊Ã[˝
Â^X LÃ^W[˝LÁ Ã[˝„U [˝ÁS ]c˜Á[˝Áß
%Á◊X_ aV„YÔ* Y…SÔ Â^Ï[˝„X Ã[˝÷Ya›
=bÁÃ[˝ ªJÙÃ[˝S Âa„[˝ VÁa› XÁG[˝Á_Á*
◊[˝e`◊Tˆ E«ı]ÁÃ[˝› %Á„a =bÁÃ[˝ ÿëˆLX›,
\ˆ◊GX› %ÁcÕ_ a„Ü ªJÙ≥V–„_FÁ ªJÙÁÃ[˝”,
]≥VG◊Tˆ, Ã[˝ÁLEıXÓÁ ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ VÁa›G„ [˝\ˆÔ*
◊ªK˜_ XV›E…ı„_ [˝X, Ã[˝‰ªJÙ‰ªK˜ `“◊]Ã^Á
◊[˝FÓÁTˆ VÁX[˝ ◊`î› YÁâ¯„[˝Ã[˝ a\ˆÁ
^ÁÃ[˝ FÓÁ◊Tˆ cÕ≥V–Y“„ÿöˆ*
*
""VÁÃ[˝”S ^◊VC V«fF Aa ]ÁTˆÁ a◊c˜*
a◊c˜_ `·¯Ã[˝ Vl˘X◊≥VX› ◊[˝c˜„X
Y“ÁSc˜›X ÂVc˜ ïı„µ˘ ◊l˘ä-]„X [˝◊c˜*''
◊Eı‹ô«ˆ Ã[˝◊Tˆ Y«πY]ÁTˆÁ Ã[˝◊c˜_ %\ˆÁG›
X›Ã[˝[˝ ◊XÃ[˝`“” V›X \ˆÿˆÇ W˝◊Ã[˝ ÂEıÁ„_*
%ÁcÕ_ ]W˝«Ã[˝ [˝ÁS› ◊ªK˜~ [˝›SÁ Eı„Ã[˝*
=bÁc˜Ã[˝S EıÁ[˝Ó 597
""Aa V›◊ä]Ã^ \ˆ„[˝, ◊Zı„Ã[˝ Aa Ã[˝◊Tˆ*

£õı Y≤ø, ] Tˆ YÁ◊F ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ ◊[˝c˜„X,
]ÁX[˝-c˜÷VÃ^ ]„Ã[˝* Y“ÁS EgıÁ„V, [˝ÁªK˜Á,
Tˆ]f-Y…SÔ Â•bG›◊Tˆ ◊VXÃ[˝ÁTˆ £◊X,
]ÁW˝«Ã[˝›-Ã[˝◊c˜Tˆ \ˆÁbÁ, EıÁ„]Ã[˝ %ac˜Ó
ªK˜≥V* %◊[˝ªJÙÁ„Ã[˝ V«fF ◊VÃ^Á‰ªK˜ ◊[˝W˝ÁTˆÁ,
a◊c˜ Aa, ]c˜Á„V[˝›, ◊[˝`ü◊c˜Tˆ \ˆÁ[˝*
◊XLV«fF ◊[˝`üa«„F Y◊Ã[˝STˆ Eı„Ã[˝
Eı◊[˝GS, ]ÁX[˝ ^Ác˜ÁÃ[˝Á* a]«#ù_
Eı◊[˝TˆÁ ◊[˝ÿˆÇ„Ã^ Âc˜◊Ã[˝ W˝XÓ [˝„_ Â_Á„Eı*
LÁ„X XÁ %„[˝ÁW Y“LÁ c˜÷V„Ã^Ã[˝ Ã[˝„N˛
=#ù_ Eı◊[˝TˆÁ* ^ÁÃ[˝ ◊XfÿëˆÁUÔ %ÁÃ^Á„a
◊[˝`ü-a«F-%Á`Á [˝ ◊à˘, V«fFcÕ ]◊c˜]Á
Âa L„XÃ[˝, [˝ÁªK˜Á* Aa, Y«πY]ÁTˆÁ, Aa,
EıÁ[˝ÓY“ÁS LÁGÁcÕÃ^Á ◊X[[˝ÔÁY V«fFÁ◊G¬*''
%ÁcÕ_ XÁÃ[˝V]«◊X LG„TˆÃ[˝ Âÿoˆc˜›*
""Aa %Á„_Á]Ã^ \ˆ„[˝, ◊Zı„Ã[˝ Aa, Ã[˝◊Tˆ*
£õı XV›, £õı TˆÃ[˝”* ◊XÃ[˝ÁX≥V A„[˝
Yy]Ã^ E«ıc˜◊Ã[˝Tˆ %Á`“], `›Tˆ_
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%ac˜Ó ◊[˝Ã[˝c˜-LùÁ_Á Aa ]ÁTˆÁ a◊c˜*
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X[˝ Y“ÁS ◊V„[˝ a ◊L X…TˆX Eı≥V„YÔ*''
ªJÙÁ◊c˜_ È[˝E«ı¢ˆ[˝Áa› W˝Ã[˝ÁYÁ„X ◊[˝b«’*
]«]…b«Ô a«≥VÃ[˝ W˝Ã[˝Á ªRÙO◊_◊ªK˜_ `…„XÓ
=¨JÙÃ[˝[˝ ªJÙÁ◊Ã[˝W˝Á„Ã[˝, Â^X W˝…∂Éˆ [˝ÓÁ◊Y

Tˆ]f HX›\…ˆTˆ \ˆ„[˝* \ˆ›]ªK˜ÁÃ^Á Ã[˝÷Y›
]c˜ÁTˆX« Y“EıÁ◊`Ã^Á =◊Pˆ‰ªK˜ E ıTˆÁ‹ôˆ
[˝Á◊QÕˆ' \ˆ›Tˆ F]â¯„_ X›Ã[˝[˝ \ˆ›bS
XÁ◊]_ %XÁ◊V ◊[˝b«’ ◊c˜]ÿôˆ ç˘ ÂV„`*
ÂHÁ◊b_ %X‹ôˆ `…XÓ ÂV„[˝Ã[˝ ÿˆÇÃ[˝„S,
◊c˜]ÁªJÙ_ YV&`Ô ªRÙO◊__ ◊X„HÔÁ◊b*
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""◊`[˝ AEıªJÙÁÃ[˝› Â^ÁG›, ◊X#¤X Y[[˝Ô„Tˆ
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^]ÁW˝›X Y“ÁS› ÂÛÁ [˝◊W˝„_ ]V„X
LG„TˆÃ[˝ ]W˝«Y“ÁS* c˜„[˝ %◊[˝_„∂ëˆ
◊X∏JÙ_ A [˝–°˘Ã[˝U aÁÃ[˝◊U-◊[˝c˜„X*
TˆÁÃ[˝ Tˆ[˝ a ◊rÙ, `ê«ˆ, [˝gÁªJÙÁC ]XΩ„U*
XÁ„` Y«X#¤XΩ1 AcÕ %ªJÙ_ ◊XÃ^„]
Ã[˝„c˜ Y«Ã[˝ÁTˆX2 a ◊rÙ ◊ªJÙÃ[˝EıÁ_ X[˝
%X‹ôˆ-„^Ï[˝XW˝ÁÃ[˝›* ◊ÿöˆÃ[˝TˆÁ ◊XÃ^„]*
%◊ÿöˆÃ[˝ Y“Yá˚ ]„W˝Ó ◊[˝XÁ _„l˘Ó }◊]
◊XÃ^] W˝◊Ã[˝ l«˘V– Y“ÁS›LÁ◊Tˆ*''
◊`[˝ AEıªJÙÁÃ[˝› Â^ÁG› =w¯Ã[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝_*
""LÁ◊X %Á◊], VÃ^Á◊aµ«˘, %ªJÙ_ ◊XÃ^„]
%X‹ôˆ Â^Ï[˝„X X[˝ Y«Ã[˝ÁTˆ X a ◊rÙ*
LÁ◊X %Á◊] [˝à˘]…_ X`üÃ[˝ ]ÁX„[˝
%X‹ôˆ YÃ[˝[˝–„°˘Ã[˝ A ]c˜Tˆ› _›_Á*
EıÁ][˝µ˘ Y ◊U[˝›Ã[˝ ]W˝«_«ç˘ X„Ã[˝
1
YÁPˆÁ‹ôˆÃ[˝: Y«Xf◊ÿöˆ◊Tˆ
2
YÁPˆÁ‹ôˆÃ[˝: ◊[˝`ü
EıÁ„] EıÁ] ◊L◊X _„\ˆ ◊XõıÁ]TˆÁ Â`„b*

LÁ◊X ]W˝«Y“ÁS AcÕ ◊[˝„`üÃ[˝ Eı≥VYÔ*
◊XL„VÁ„b, XÁÃ[˝ÁÃ^S, ]◊L_ Z«ı„_b«
%a]„Ã^ Tˆ›Ã[˝ c˜Á◊X %X«◊ªJÙTˆ _„l˘Ó*
TÛÁ◊Y [˝gÁ≈◊ªJÙ„[˝ Y«Xf* %a«Ã[˝, Ã[˝Ál˘a
◊Xú«ˆÃ[˝ %`Á]Ó Ây‘ÁW˝ V›HÔEıÁ_ Y«„b
Y“Á„S* È[˝Ã[˝-◊X^ÔÁTˆ„X, `y”-Y◊Ã[˝TˆÁ„Y
a›]Á %Á^ÔÓ-%]„bÔÃ[˝* l˘◊]X« ]V„X,
◊[˝b«’* %[˝Tˆ◊Ã[˝ T«ˆ◊] ^`ÿëˆ› •ÁY„Ã[˝
LXΩÁcÕC _©ø›G„ [\ˆ˝ Ô %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ Z«ı„_„`*
TˆTˆ◊VX ]«N˛ }◊] %V `Ó %XÜ
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◊[˝[˝Á„c˜Ã[˝ ]W˝«E ı◊Tˆ Y«Xf ]wÔ¯ÓW˝Á„]*''
Eı◊c˜_ ]c˜Á±¡Á* ◊[˝„`ü EgıÁYÁcÕ_ =◊N˛*
ÂG_ VÃ^Á◊aµ«˘ ◊Lb«’ %XÁ◊V ◊Tˆ◊]„Ã[˝,
E«ı◊YTˆ [˝a‹ôˆ ]ÁTˆÁ W˝…_ÁÃ^ %Áa›XÁ
ÂÛÁ AEıÁ◊EıX› Â]ÏX› %µ˘EıÁÃ[˝ ÂV„`*
E«ı‹ôˆ„_ [˝«_Á„Ã^ c˜ÁTˆ =PˆÁcÕ_ ◊[˝b«’*
]«N˛ c˜_ %`“”„Ã[˝ÁW˝ &„`Ô, Eı¢ˆ ]«N˛
EıÃ[˝”S* EgıÁ◊V_ Ã[˝◊Tˆ ◊YTˆÁÃ[˝ ªJÙÃ[˝„S*
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%Á„_Á]Ã^ H SÓ \ˆ„[˝* ^Á[˝ XÁ A L„XΩ*
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E ıTˆH¬ ◊XÅ¤Ã^ TˆÁÃ[˝Á, ÿëˆ„VÁ„b, \«ˆ◊_Ã^Á
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ÂEıÁUÁ A„[˝ V ªRÕÙ ◊[˝◊W˝ %„LÃ^ %ªJÙ_?
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^]ÁW˝›X Y“ÁS› ÛÁ [˝◊W˝_ Y“Á„S„`
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EıÃ[˝”S `Ã[˝›Ã[˝ ÂZı◊_* %EıÁ„_ ]◊Ã[˝_ª
AEıÁEı› %◊[˝_Á◊YTˆ V…Ã[˝ c˜ÁÃ^! ◊c˜„]*
%Á◊]C Y«Ã[˝ÁS ÂV[˝›, EıXÓÁ Tˆ[˝, ◊YTˆÁ,
TÛÁ◊Y ◊[˝W˝[˝Á*'' AcÕ %„UÔ Y«πY]ÁTˆÁ
◊[˝_Á◊Y_ ]«N˛Eı„¢ˆ YÁV^«G W˝◊Ã[˝*
XÁÃ[˝ÁÃ^S VÃ^Á◊aµ«˘ =w¯Ã[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝_*
""[˝ÁªK˜Á, %EıÁÃ[˝„S EırÙ ◊VÃ^Á‰ªK˜ ◊[˝W˝ÁTˆÁ*
T«ˆ◊] a«FY“ÁSÁ ÂV[˝›, V«fF ÂVÃ^ ÂTˆÁ„Ã[˝
E ıTˆH¬ LGd* Â_„G‰ªK˜ ÂEıÁ]_ Y“Á„S
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[˝da, Ê`“úˆ Tˆ„[˝ l˘]Á, ÂV[˝◊ªJÙc˜‘ l˘]Á*
l˘]Á-EıÁ◊‹ôˆ XÃ^„X ÂVFÁÃ^ [˝_[˝ÁX
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%◊\ˆ]ÁX› ]X V], [˝a„‹ôˆÃ[˝ ]ÁTˆÁ
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Âa a«„FÃ[˝ %Á„` Y“ÁS L«QÕˆÁC* c˜cÕ„[˝
Eı≥VYÔ-◊]_X Y«Xf Y“TˆÓl˘ Eı≥V„YÔ*
Aa V›◊ä]Ã^ \ˆ„[˝, ◊Zı„Ã[˝ Aa, Ã[˝◊Tˆ*
[˝a„‹ôˆ LÁGÁC Y«Xf ◊X[[˝Ôa‹ôˆ L„G*''
◊Zı◊Ã[˝_ LXX› \ˆ„[˝* aZı_ c˜cÕ_
^«Ga+…Ã[˝„S =◊N˛ YÃ[˝^«G-„`„b
L◊XΩ_ Ã[˝”◊®øS› G„ [\˝˝Ô ˆ aÁl˘Ád ]VX
E ı„b’Ã[˝ DÃ[˝„a Â^Áà˘Á Y“V«Ó∂oˆ* L◊XΩ_
%◊XÃ[˝”à˘ Ã[˝◊TˆG„ [\ˆ˝ ¤ [˝Á_Eı a«W˝Xü›

]W˝«Ã[˝ ◊]_X-a«„F E ıb’„YÏy Â^Áà˘Á*
AcÕ %„UÔ \ˆ◊GX›Ã[˝ a«ªJÙÁÃ[˝” ªJÙÃ[˝„S
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◊Xõı∂ˆÇÔÁ Ã[˝◊c˜_ \…ˆ„]* Âc˜XEıÁ„_ %◊G¬
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XÁ◊]_ %ÁEıÁ`-Y„U ÂV[˝›•Ã^* X„\ˆ
Lù◊__ Ã[˝ÁT«ˆ_ %Á\ˆÁ ◊[˝V«Ód-%ÁE ı◊Tˆ,
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Y„Ã^ÁW˝„Ã[˝ Z«ı_GÁ_ ªJÙÁ◊Y_ LXX›*
]ÁTˆÁÃ[˝ Y◊[˝y ÿôˆ„X V«Ñ˘W˝ÁÃ[˝Á [˝◊c˜

◊Tˆ◊Tˆ_ Eı„YÁ_* a«Ã[˝◊\ˆ E«ı‹ôˆ_ ªJ«Ù◊∂ëˆ
Eı◊c˜_ a]«V–EıXÓÁ* ""ÂEıX, È`_[˝Á_Á,
QˆÁ◊Eı◊_ %Á]ÁÃ^* a«„F TˆXÃ^Á %Á]ÁÃ[˝
Y“◊Tˆ◊VX ÂV◊F ◊V[˝Ó ªJÙl«˘ F«„_* %Á◊L
c˜PˆÁd ◊Eı V«fF ÂTˆÁÃ[˝, ◊Eı %\ˆÁ[˝ Y“Á„S,
È`_[˝Á_Á? ◊Eı X…ÓXTˆÁ LXX›Ã[˝ Âÿoˆ„c˜
ÈÃ[˝_ Â^ %Y…SÔ %Á`Á EıXÓÁÃ[˝ c˜÷V„Ã^*''
]ÁT Êı¢ˆ [˝gÁ◊W˝ [˝Á_Á Â`üTˆ\«ˆL-YÁ„`
]„XÁc˜Ã[˝ ◊`Ã[˝ T«ˆ◊_ ]ÁT ˆ-ÿôˆX c˜„Tˆ
Eı◊c˜_ a«◊ÿˆÇTˆÁ* ""ÂacÕ %Tˆ›„TˆÃ[˝ EıUÁ
[˝◊_ %Á◊L* [˝a FÁ‰ªRÙO* [˝Á_ÓEıÁ„_, ]ÁTˆf,
£cÕX« Â^]◊Tˆ ÂEıÁ„_, %Á◊LC £cÕ[˝*
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ÿoˆÁ„X, ÂVc˜ Â]Á„Ã[˝, ]ÁTˆÁ, L›[˝‹ôˆ Y«w¯_›,'
AcÕÃ[˝÷„Y Y›◊QÕˆ ÂTˆÁ]Á `Tˆ[˝ÁÃ[˝ ◊V„X
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[˝a Âc˜UÁ* XÁ◊c˜ ◊V„_ ÂV◊F[˝ Y“\ˆÁ[˝,
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[˝◊aC, =[[˝Ô`› ]ÁTˆf, ÂaÁXÁÃ[˝ YÁ_„·¯*''
Eı◊c˜_ a„ÿoˆ„c˜ ÂV[˝›, ""LÁX, E«ıc˜◊EıX›,
Tˆ[˝ %Áp˚Á[˝c˜ VÁa› ]ÁTˆÁ* AEı %Á`Á
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◊X◊bà˘ %]Ã[˝Á-\…ˆ◊] ]ÁT ˆªJÙÃ[˝„SÃ[˝,
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%ÁÃ[˝◊êˆ_ È`_[˝Á_Á* ""[˝Á_ÓEıÁ„_ %Á◊]
Tˆ[˝ ÿëˆGÔa] Ây‘Á‰QÕˆ %Á◊`“TˆÁ YÁcÕX«
◊ªJÙy◊a◊à˘* ac˜„L YÁcÕX«, ◊`£ ÛÁ
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◊`£Ã[˝ XÃ^X F«„_, ◊`£Ã[˝ %Ü«◊_

W˝◊Ã[˝ ^Tˆ V `Ó L„G %ÁgEıÁÃ^ Â]Á◊c˜X›*
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◊[˝]«N˛ ÂV„[˝Ã[˝ &„`Ô ◊Eı XÁ YÁ„Ã[˝ Y“ÁS›*
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ÿˆÇ◊Ã[˝„_ %Ü«◊_Y„U VÒÁQÕˆÁªTˆ %Á◊aÃ^Á
Y…SÔ]…wÔ¯ ◊ªJÙyY‰ªRÙO* ÿëˆ¨K˜„TˆÁÃ^Á XV›,
c˜ea]Á_Á XÁ◊ªJÙ ÊÿÉˆÁ„Tˆ, [˝◊c˜Tˆ a∂ˆÇ«„F*
l˘SY“\ˆÁ Â]H„EıÁ„_ c˜Á◊aTˆ acãÁ
Â]ÁÃ[˝ l«˘V– G „c˜* ]c˜›Ãâ› ◊G◊Ã[˝]Á_Á
VÒÁQÕˆÁTˆ EıîXÁ •Á„Ã[˝, X›Ã[˝[˝ TˆYÿëˆ›
%Á◊a Â^X %Á`“„]Ã[˝ •Á„Ã[˝ --- =¨JÙ◊`Ã[˝,
◊c˜]£zı LªRÙOÁL«ªRÙO Y◊_Tˆ ]ÿôˆ„Eı*
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LXΩÁcÕ_ Y«Ã[˝ÁTˆX ^«„G ]c˜Á[˝_›*
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ÂGÁ_ÁY› ◊[˝V«Ód Â^X ^…U›V_ Â]„H*
Mı_◊a‰ªK˜ •ÁÃ[˝„V„` [˝∂ˆÇÔV«Ó◊Tˆ, %◊a
MıXMı„X YV„l˘„Y* UÁ◊]_ EıUEı*
◊YTˆÁ]c˜›-YÁV^«„G Y“S◊]_ [˝_›*
""^Á[˝ V…Ã[˝„V„`, ◊YTˆÁ]c˜›, A %Á„V`
Eı„Ã[˝‰ªK˜ LXX›* VÁC %Á`›[[˝ÔÁV, ◊`„Ã[˝
VÁC Y…LÓ EıÃ[˝, %∂ëˆ, aÁ◊W˝ [˝›Ã[˝Eı∂ˆÇÔ
%Á◊a[˝ ^ÁV[˝Y«Ã[˝› --- ^`ÿëˆ› aÓ≥V„X*''
a◊[˝ÿˆÇ„Ã^ ÂV[˝›Ã[˝Á ªJÙÁ◊c˜_ YÃ[˝&„Ã[˝
%[˝„Ã[˝Á„W˝* aTˆÓ\ˆÁ]Á Y“U] E«ı◊YTˆÁ
ÂTˆL◊ÿëˆX› [˝›Ã[˝EıXÓÁ %ÁÃ[˝◊êˆ_ =◊N˛
""%µ˘EıÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝ [˝W˝… E ı„b’Ã[˝ \ˆ[˝X
ÂEıX YÁPˆÁcÕ„[˝ ÂTˆÁ„Ã[˝* ÂEıÁXÀ V…Ã[˝„V„`
^ÁcÕ◊[˝* G „c˜Ã[˝ %Á„_Á, %◊XÃ[˝”à˘, T«ˆcÕ*
%Á]Á„Ã[˝ XÁ [˝◊_ ÂEıÁUÁ YÁPˆÁcÕ_ Ã[˝◊Tˆ
◊Eı[˝Á EıÁ„^ÔÓ V…Ã[˝„V„`* a∂ˆÇ◊Tˆ ◊Eı _„Ã^
E ı„b’Ã[˝ YÁPˆÁ_ Tˆ„[˝, ]Tˆ ◊Eı ◊YTˆÁÃ[˝*
W˝∂ˆÇÔp˚ÁXc˜›XÁ [˝W˝… %Á◊X„_ Ã[˝”◊®øS›
G „c˜*'' %◊XÃ[˝”à˘ TˆÁ„Ã[˝ =w¯Ã[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝_*
""]ÁTˆÁÃ[˝ Y◊[˝y %Áp˚Á* Y«y ◊Eı ◊Lp˚Á„a

ÂEıX YÁPˆÁcÕ◊[˝ Â]Á„Ã[˝, YÁPˆÁcÕ◊[˝ ÂEıÁUÁ*
◊YyÁ_„Ã^ [˝Á_Ó[˝µ«˘ `◊N˛W˝Ã[˝ ÂEıc˜
Y[[˝Ô„Tˆ Y«Ã[˝ÁS Âÿoˆc˜› %ÁcÕ_ XG„Ã[˝*
ac˜ÁÃ^ ^ÁcÕ[˝ TˆÁÃ[˝* ÂEıÁXÀ V…Ã[˝„V„`
◊Eı [˝Á EıÁ„^ÔÓ XÁ◊c˜ LÁ◊X* Tˆ„[˝ AcÕ LÁ◊X
]c˜d Âa EıÁ^ÔÓ, %∂ëˆ* %ÁÃ[˝ ◊Eı ◊Lp˚Á„a
l˘◊≈yÃ^*'' ◊[˝◊ÿˆÇTˆÁ Y«Xf Eı◊c˜_ =◊PˆÃ^Á
aTˆÓ\ˆÁ]Á* ""◊YyÁ_Ã^ Tˆ[˝ LXX›Ã[˝
ÂEı £„X‰ªK˜ Eı\«ˆ Y…„[[˝Ô* %ÁLcÕ £◊XX«*
ÂEıÁXÀ G…ªRÕÙ %UÔ Tˆ„[˝ Y“_Á„Y ªRÙÁ◊EıÃ^Á
aÁW˝ÁcÕ[˝ [˝◊_ XÁÃ[˝›a«_\ˆ ÈY£„XÓ
%Á`“Ã^ _cÕ_ [˝W˝…*'' \ˆ›πÇa…TˆÁ TˆÁ„Ã[˝
] V«_\ˆÁ◊bS› [˝Á]Á =w¯Ã[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝_*
""%aêˆ[˝, aTˆÓ\ˆÁ]Á, p˚ÁXc˜›X EıÁ„^ÔÓ
Y“[˝ ◊w¯ [˝W˝…Ã[˝* l˘yW˝∂ˆÇÔ-ªJÙT«ˆ„õıÁ„S
%ÁªJÙ„Ã[˝ a«≥VÃ[˝› ]] Y“p˚ÁÃ^ %T«ˆ_Á
%◊Tˆy‘◊] X„Ã[˝* ◊c˜Tˆ]‹óˆ› Y“Á„S„`Ã[˝
%Á„_Á Â^X Y„U ◊XTˆÓ Y◊TˆY“ÁSÁ XÁÃ[˝›*
◊Lp˚Á„a ÿëˆÃê E ıb’ a«]c˜d Eı„∂ˆÇÔ*
%Á]Ã[˝Á Âÿoˆ„c˜Ã[˝ [˝„` ◊Y“Ã^ %◊XÃ[˝”„à˘
ªK˜Á◊QÕˆ„Tˆ XÁ ªJÙÁ◊c˜* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ LXX› ^FX
ÂVÃ^ ◊XL Y«‰y, G\ˆ›Ã[˝ Âa ]ÁT ˆY“Á„S
Ã[˝”◊W˝Ã^Á [˝Áda_ÓW˝ÁÃ[˝Á ÂaÏ≥V„^ÔÓÃ[˝ QˆÁ◊_
◊XW˝ÁX Âÿoˆ„c˜Ã[˝ ÂZı„_, a[[˝Ôÿëˆ-%Áß◊Tˆ,
ÂV[˝^p˚ ^«à˘ÁX„_, ÂEı Tˆ„[˝, \ˆ◊GX›,
_Á◊_Ã^Á aÁ]ÁXÓ Âÿoˆ„c˜ ◊X„bW˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝
%◊[˝„[˝Eı›* ^ÁC Tˆ„[˝, %◊XÃ[˝”à˘ Â^Áà˘Á,
=Ã[˝”^`f Aa _◊\ˆ a«V…Ã[˝ ◊[˝„V„`*
%Á`›[[˝ÔÁV ◊VX« }rÙ c˜„[˝ XÁ EıFX
%◊XÃ[˝”à˘ l˘◊≈y„Ã^Ã[˝ @L«YU c˜„Tˆ*

TˆÁÃ[˝ Y„Ã[˝ L›[˝X [˝Á ]Ã[˝S, ◊[˝W˝ÁTˆÁ
^Á ◊_„F‰ªK˜ \ˆÁ„_* aÁ„W˝ XÁ TˆÁ„Ã[˝ Ã[˝”◊®øS›
\ˆ›πÇa…TˆÁ E ıb’Y±Ûˆ› %X«G–c˜ %Á„`*
]Ã[˝S a]„Ã[˝ ^◊V, l˘◊≈yÃ^-[˝Á◊s˙Tˆ
Y◊Ã[˝SÁ]* G[[˝ÔÃ[˝”à˘-%`“”L_ ÂX‰y
ªJÙÁÃ[˝” AcÕ ÂVc˜, [˝ÁªK˜Á, %◊YÔ[˝ %X„_*
◊\ˆLÁ[˝ c˜bÔa◊_„_ %l˘Tˆ _◊\ˆÃ^Á*
ÂTˆLÿëˆ› l˘◊≈yÃ^W˝∂ˆÇÔ %ÁªJÙÃ[˝ ◊[˝„V„`
%◊XÃ[˝”à˘* c˜◊[˝ XÁ Y∏JÙÁdYV ^«„à˘*
AEı YV ^◊V ÂTˆÁ„Ã[˝ c˜PˆÁÃ^ %Ã[˝Á◊Tˆ,
V` YV %ÁmaÃ[˝, ◊X◊∏JÙTˆ ]Ã[˝S,
%ÁL ^◊V [˝gÁªJÙ, EıÁ_ ]◊Ã[˝„[˝ %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝,
ac˜ÿÉˆ ]Ã[˝ST«ˆ_Ó =Ã[˝” %YEı›◊wÔ¯*
a◊c˜„[˝ XÁ %Y]ÁX, %◊XÃ[˝”à˘, Eı\«ˆ*
ac˜Ó Eı„Ã[˝ %Y]ÁX [˝–Á°˘S ◊\ˆl«˘Eı, ---
cÕ◊≥V–Ã^-V]X W˝∂ˆÇÔ --- l˘◊≈yÃ^ XÁ a„c˜*
H«ªJÙÁÃ^ Eı_·¯ Ã[˝„N˛* W˝∂ˆÇÔ^«„à˘ LÃ^›
c˜C aVÁ* _„\ˆ¯ =¨JÙ Y“◊TˆúˆÁ ]ÁX[˝
W˝„∂ˆÇÔ* %î◊VX _◊\ˆ %XÓÁÃ^ a]„Ã[˝
Ã[˝ÁLÓ [˝Á È[˝\ˆ[˝ Âc˜UÁ EıÁY«Ã[˝”b Vêˆ›
LHXÓ ={„a, ÂaUÁ ◊ªJÙÃ[˝ÁÃ^« XÃ[˝Eı
G–Á„a TˆÁ„Ã[˝* %Á^ÔÓ[˝›Ã[˝ A„Eı`üÃ[˝ ^«◊Mı
YÃ[˝Áy‘Á‹ôˆ [˝ß`y” ◊[˝]«„F a]„Ã[˝*
%Á^ÔÓ[˝›Ã[˝ T«ˆ◊], [˝da, ]ÁW˝„[˝Ã[˝ E«ı„_*
V«[[˝Ô„_Ã[˝ %`“”L_ ]«ªK˜Á◊[˝ aTˆTˆ*
[˝◊W˝ %TˆÓÁªJÙÁÃ[˝› X„Ã[˝, ^ÁV[˝ ÂEı`Ã[˝›*
V«[[˝Ô„_Ã[˝ %`“”L„_ ◊aN˛ c˜„_ \…ˆ◊]
l˘◊≈y„Ã^Ã[˝ Y«SÓÃ[˝Á◊` H«ªJÙÁÃ^ Âa X›„Ã[˝*
* YÁPˆÁ‹ôˆÃ[˝: a[[˝ÔVÁ
Eı\«ˆ XÁ Eı◊Ã[˝◊[˝ [˝ÓUÔ [˝–Á°˘„SÃ[˝ %Á`Á,

[˝da* Ê`“úˆ ÂacÕ LÁ◊Tˆ, Y…Tˆ ÿëˆÁUÔTˆÓÁ„G*
W˝∂ˆÇÔ Â^ %ÁªJÙ„Ã[˝ £à˘ `Á‹ôˆ [˝–°˘p˚ÁX›,
Y…LÓ Âa [˝–Á°˘S Tˆ[˝, %ÁYX L›[˝„X
Ã[˝l˘S›Ã^* ]…FÔ X„c˜ [˝–Á°˘S EıVÁ◊Y*
G◊[[˝ÔTˆ Y„Ã[˝ÁYEıÁÃ[˝› --- [˝ UÁ TˆÁÃ[˝ LÁ◊Tˆ*
_«◊¢ˆ◊[˝ XÁ È[˝`Ó W˝X --- %Xÿóˆ› [˝◊SEı
W˝XL›[˝›* Â^ È[˝`ÓL V◊Ã[˝‰V– XÁ Y›◊QÕˆ
=YÁ„#¤ a+V aVÁ TˆÓ◊L„Tˆ YÃ[˝Á„UÔ,
]c˜ÁLX [˝‰ªRÙO ÂacÕ %‰ÿóˆ l˘◊≈y„Ã^Ã[˝
Ã[˝l˘S›Ã^* [˝Ó◊U◊[˝ XÁ `…‰V–Ã[˝ c˜÷VÃ^
%Y]Á„X G[[˝Ô [˝Á„EıÓ* Â^ `…V– ◊[˝XÃ^›
a«]XÁ, [˝–Á°˘S ÛÁ YÁ_X›Ã^, W˝Xü›*
◊YTˆÁa] VÃ^Á[˝ÁX YÁ◊_◊[˝ a[˝Á„Ã[˝*
] V«\ˆÁb› c˜„Ã^ ◊Y“Ã^ EıUÁÃ^ ÊªJÙ◊rÙ◊[˝
[˝◊_„Tˆ %◊Y“Ã^ %UÔ* [˝Ó◊Ua XÁ c˜÷◊V
}ÁTˆÁÃ[˝* %Á±¡›Ã^ Â]ÁÃ[˝Á A ◊[˝`Á_ \ˆ„[˝
ÂV[˝TˆÁ ]ÁX[˝ Y£ AEı›\…ˆTˆ [˝–„°˘*
Ây‘Á„W˝ XÁ Lù◊_◊[˝ Eı\«ˆ, Ã[˝÷l˘ EıUÁ ]«„F
XÁ %Á◊X◊[˝* Y£ G„#¤ Y„V Y„V Ã[˝”◊b,
ae^] ]ÁX[˝ ◊ªJÙc˜‘ ◊VÃ^Á‰ªK˜X ◊[˝◊W˝*
%X Tˆ XÁ [˝◊_◊[˝ Â_Á„\ˆ [˝Á \ˆ„Ã^ Eı\«ˆ,
ÂEı`Ã[˝› %Á^ÔÓa‹ôˆÁX* YÃ[˝\ˆ„Ã^ EgıÁ≈◊Y
EıÁY«Ã[˝”b ◊]UÓÁ Eı„c˜, ◊]UÓÁ Eı„c˜ Â_Á„\ˆ
Ê∂⁄ˆ¨K˜* aTˆÓ[˝ÁV› %Á^ÔÓ a+„V ◊[˝Y„V*
◊aecã] Ã[˝S„l˘‰y c˜cÕ◊[˝ =VÁÃ[˝*
Y“c˜Ã[˝ XÁ Y_Á◊Ã^„Tˆ, c˜ÁX XÁ Y◊Tˆ„Tˆ*
◊ªJÙÃ[˝ %YEıÁÃ[˝› `y” aÃ[˝_ ]ÁX„a
ªJÙÁ„c˜ ^◊V l˘]Á, [˝da, _„∂ˆèıÁVÓTˆ %◊a
◊X[˝ÁÃ[˝ ]«c…˜„wÔ¯* Ê∂⁄ˆ‰¨K˜Á◊ªJÙTˆ ◊Xú«ˆÃ[˝TˆÁ
%Á^ÔÓLÁ◊Tˆ ◊`„Ã[˝Á]◊S l˘◊≈y„Ã^ XÁ Â`Á„\ˆ*

^Á◊ªJÙ_ Y“SÃ^ ^◊V %X…ªRÕÙÁ E«ı]ÁÃ[˝›,
◊XÃ[˝Á` EıÃ[˝ XÁ TˆÁ„Ã[˝* YÁ_ l˘yÃ[˝›◊Tˆ*
AEı[˝ÁÃ[˝ Z«ı_ Z«ı‰ªRÙO %GÃ[˝”Ã[˝ ◊`„Ã[˝,
AEı[˝ÁÃ[˝ EıUÁ Eı„c˜ Y“◊Tˆp˚ÁÃ^ Ã[˝U›,
AEı[˝ÁÃ[˝ ◊ªJÙÃ[˝Tˆ„Ã[˝ c˜÷VÃ^ a]„YÔ
aÁW[˝› XÁÃ[˝›* Y“TˆÓÁFÓÁ„X [˝ UÁ a]YÔ„S
%◊F_ L›[˝X [˝ÓUÔ aÁW[˝› Ã[˝]S›Ã[˝,
%◊XÃ[˝”à˘* %rÙ Y“UÁ ◊[˝[˝Á„c˜Ã[˝ ]„wÔ¯Ó,
Ã[˝Ál˘a GÁµ˘[[˝Ô V«cÕ ÂTˆLÿëˆ› l˘◊≈yÃ^
\ˆ„L* ]W˝«Ã[˝ EıUÁÃ^ ]W˝«Ã[˝ <l˘„S
\«ˆ_Á„Ã^ %„XÓÁ„XÓ ^„[˝ a«≥VÃ[˝ a«≥VÃ[˝›
Y…[[˝ÔLXΩ‰Y“] ÿˆÇ◊Ã[˝ ac˜„L ◊]`ÁÃ^
ÂVc˜Y“ÁS ÂVc˜Y“Á„S, ◊ªJÙw¯ Y«„Ã[˝Á◊c˜Tˆ
Eı„c˜ ]c˜›Ã^ÁX ]‹óˆ, ]X◊aL aÁl˘›,
GÁµ˘[[˝Ô ◊[˝[˝Ác˜ TˆÁc˜Á Y“`ÿôˆ l˘◊≈y„Ã^*
%◊\ˆ`ä %`“”L„_ }rÙ Ã[˝]S›Ã[˝
=à˘Tˆ cÕ◊≥V–Ã^T ˆ◊ä l˘◊SEı %Á„[˝„`
X„c˜ FÓÁTˆ ÂacÕ XÁ„]* E«ı_W˝∂ˆÇÔc˜Á◊X,
Eı_·¯ =VÁÃ[˝ [˝e„`, ÂV„` %[˝X◊Tˆ
Zı„_ ÂacÕ ◊[˝b [˝›„L* aTˆTˆ [˝◊#¤◊[˝
TˆÁ„Ã[˝, %◊XÃ[˝”à˘* Y…Tˆ GÁµ˘[[˝Ô ◊[˝[˝Á„c˜
ÂaÏ≥V„^ÔÓ [˝›Ã[˝„±ºˆ [˝Á‰QÕˆ [˝e„`Ã[˝ a‹ôˆ◊Tˆ*
\ˆÃ^Y¿«TˆÁ ÊªJÙrÙ]ÁXÁ a\ˆ„Ã^ a‰Y“„]
[˝›Ã[˝±ºˆ„VÓÁ◊TˆTˆ EıÁ◊‹ôˆ c˜wÔ¯ÁÃ[˝ E«ı]ÁÃ[˝›
^„[˝ Âc˜„Ã[˝, --- Ã[˝„U T«ˆ◊_ =à˘Tˆ DL„a
y«‘à˘ LÁ◊TÊ«ı_ Ã[˝”à˘ ◊aec˜ YÃ[˝Áy‘]›
◊Xfa„Ã[˝ ^FX [˝›Ã[˝ Ã[˝N˛ÁN˛ aÓ≥V„X,
Ã[˝Ál˘a ◊[˝[˝Ác˜ TˆÁc˜Á, ]c˜ÁZı_Á Ã[˝›◊Tˆª
l˘‰y* [˝›Ã[˝ a…Tˆ L„XΩ, a«[˝e` ◊[˝ÿôˆÁ„Ã[˝*
%[˝XTˆ-„Xy aVÁ XÁÃ[˝›Ã[˝ a∂ˆÇ«„F

YÃ[˝VÁÃ[˝Á-EıÁ◊‹ôˆ, [˝da, Âc˜◊Ã[˝◊[˝ XÁ Eı\«ˆ*
Âc˜Ã[˝ ^◊V, ]ÁT ˆXÁ„] Y…◊L◊[˝ TˆÁc˜Á„Ã[˝*
Ã[˝]S›Y“Á◊UÔTˆ EıÁ‹ôˆ ◊[˝XÃ^› =VÁÃ[˝
◊L„Tˆ◊≥V–Ã^ ]c˜Á„_Á\ˆ› ◊aecã√º¯ ^«„à˘,
ÂEıÁXÀ Y„U %Áy‘◊]„[˝ ◊[˝YV ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ^,
%◊XÃ[˝”à˘* Y“ÁSÁ◊W˝Eı, ^Á◊[˝ Ê∂⁄ˆ¨K˜„V„`,
=à˘Tˆ EıYªRÙO› LÁ◊Tˆ, %◊]y %Á„^ÔÓÃ[˝*
^ÁC V…Ã[˝ `y”„V„` %◊XÃ[˝”à˘ Â^Áà˘Á*
%Á`›[[˝ÔÁV ◊VX« ÂTˆÁ„Ã[˝, %Áa ^◊V ◊Zı„Ã[˝
◊[˝L„Ã^ %Á◊a◊[˝ ÂHÁ◊b ^`ÿëˆ› aÓ≥V„X*
^ÁC W˝›„Ã[˝, ^ÁC ◊X\ˆ¤„Ã^* ÂEı Tˆ„[˝ ÂTˆÁ„Ã[˝
Ã[˝”◊W˝„[˝, E ı„b’Ã[˝ ÂYÏy %◊XÃ[˝”à˘ [˝_›*''
%ÁY¿«Tˆ G\ˆ›Ã[˝ %Ág◊F Âÿoˆc˜L„_ ÂYÏ‰y
%Á◊`◊a_ E ıb’LÁÃ^Á* <bV c˜Á◊aÃ^Á
aTˆÓ\ˆÁ]Á %◊XÃ[˝”„à˘ Eı◊c˜_ %Á◊_◊Ü*
""ac˜„L ªK˜Á◊QÕˆ_ ÂTˆÁ„Ã[˝ \ˆ◊GX› %Á]ÁÃ[˝,
%◊XÃ[˝”à˘, %◊X◊∏JÙTˆ \ˆÃ^Y…SÔ EıÁ„^ÔÓ
%◊X◊Å¤rÙ V…Ã[˝„V„`* %ÁÃ^ Tˆ„[˝, [˝ÁªK˜Á,
Y“ÁSW˝X %◊XÃ[˝”à˘, %ÁÃ^ ]] EıÁ‰ªK˜*
%Á`›[[˝ÔÁV ◊V[˝ ÂTˆÁ„Ã[˝ %Á◊]C, ]Á◊SEı,
Âÿoˆc˜◊X◊W˝* V…Ã[˝„V„` ^ÁcÕ◊[˝, ÂÛÁÃ^
Âc˜◊Ã[˝„[˝ aTˆTˆ ÂTˆÁ„Ã[˝ Âÿoˆc˜c˜›X %Ág◊F,
EıEÔı` ◊[˝„V`› \ˆÁbÁ aTˆTˆ £◊X◊[˝
Âÿoˆc˜c˜›X ÿëˆ„Ã[˝* %Á`›[[˝ÔÁV ◊VX«, [˝ÁªK˜Á,
aEı„_Ã[˝ \ˆÁ_[˝ÁaÁ E«ıQÕˆÁ„Ã^ ^ÁcÕ◊[˝
Âa %p˚ÁTˆ ÂV„` Â^X }◊]Ã^Á [˝Á_Eı
aµ˘ÓÁÃ^ Tˆ◊ªRÙOX› E…ı„_ [˝ÁTˆÁ„a ={◊a
Z«ı_m◊_ ^ÁÃ^ T«ˆ◊_ ]ÁGÔÿöˆ ◊[˝ªRÙO„Y*
[˝›„Ã[˝Á◊ªJÙTˆ ]c˜Á[˝_ a«E«ı]ÁÃ[˝ ÂV„c˜
[˝ à˘GS Âc˜◊Ã[˝Ã^Á Â]Á◊c˜Tˆ ◊YT ˆ\ˆÁ„[˝

◊XEı‰ªRÙO QˆÁ◊Eı„[˝, ^ÁV«* ^«[˝ÁÃ[˝Á Â]Á◊c˜Tˆ
"Aa %ÁG‹ô«Êı ◊Y“Ã^V`ÔX' [˝◊_Ã^Á
c˜ÁTˆ W˝◊Ã[˝ [˝aÁcÕÃ^Á [˝µ«˘±ºˆ-Y“SÃ^›
c˜„[˝ Tˆ[˝ EıÁ‰ªK˜* [˝Á_ÁGS %XÁÃ^Á„a
ac˜„L ÂEıÏ]«V›& rÙ E«ı]«V Â^]◊Tˆ
ÂVc˜ Y“ÁS ◊V„[˝ ªRÙÁ◊_ [˝Á◊s˙Tˆ ªJÙÃ[˝„S*
c˜Á◊aÃ^Á T«ˆ◊_◊[˝, Â^X ÂV[˝TˆÁ E«ıQÕˆÁÃ^
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A G c˜, AEıcÕ %Á„_Á •Á◊Ã[˝EıÁÃ[˝ T«ˆcÕ,
%◊XÃ[˝”à˘*'' ◊YTˆÁ]c˜›^«G_ [˝Á_„Eı
AcÕÃ[˝÷„Y %Á◊`◊a_ %`“”L_ ÂX‰y*
XTˆ◊`Ã[˝ YÁV^«„G G–◊c˜ %Á`›[[˝ÔÁV
◊[˝`Á_ =VÓÁX TˆÓ◊L ◊aec˜•ÁÃ[˝ Y„U
^ÁcÕ_ Mı◊ªRÙO◊Tˆ Â^Áà˘Á* Mı_Mı_ [˝∂ˆÇÔ,
MıXMı„X %◊a Eı◊ªRÙO„V„`* XÁ UÁ◊]_
]ÁGÔÿöˆ a\ˆÁÃ^, XGÃ[˝•Á„Ã[˝ UÁ◊]Ã^Á
Y“S◊]_ ◊YT ˆYÁ„V ^ÁV[˝„Eı`Ã[˝›*
""^Á[˝ V…Ã[˝ÿöˆÁ„X %Á◊L ]ÁTˆÁÃ[˝ %Á„V„`
◊YTˆf* %X«]◊Tˆ-Y“ÁUfi %Á◊aX« ªJÙÃ[˝„S*''
Eı◊c˜_ Y“V«Ó∂oˆ W˝Xü›* ""Y“›Tˆ %Á◊], [˝da,
]ÁTˆÁ Tˆ[˝ Y«yY“ÁSÁ XÁ a◊á˚„_ ÂEıÁ„_
Y“ÁSW˝X, YÁPˆÁcÕ_ V…„Ã[˝ ]c˜ÁEıÁ„^ÔÓ*
]c˜d EıÁc˜Á„Ã[˝Á aÜ› ^Á„[˝, %X«]Á◊X*
a∂ˆÇÁX Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝ TˆÁ„Ã[˝, %X«Ã[˝”à˘ Â^Áà˘Á,
a∂ˆÇÁXÁc˜¤ TˆdaV ` Y“ÁS›* LÁX Tˆ„[˝ª
a∂ˆÇÁ„XÃ[˝ a›]Á, [˝da* ÂaÏÃ[˝„aX Ã[˝U›
VÁa X◊c˜ EıÁ„Ã[˝Á Â]ÁÃ[˝Á %◊F_ \«ˆ[˝„X*
]Á◊X XÁ X Y◊Tˆ Y«„Ã[˝ ÂV◊F [˝ UÁ [˝e`ª
[˝ UÁ ◊aec˜ÁaX ÂGÏÃ[˝[˝* ` GÁ_ \ˆ›Ã[˝”

◊aec˜ªJÙ„∂ˆÇÔ %Á¨K˜Á◊VTˆ ◊[˝Ã[˝Á„L %Ã[˝„SÓ,
%◊F_ EıÁXX Y…„L X›ªJÙÁ`Ã^ W˝…„wÔ¯
ÂEı`Ã[˝› XÁ Y…„L* m„S %◊•Tˆ›Ã^, [˝e„`
a]ÁX, ]‹óˆ„S Â`Ï„^ÔÓ %G–GSÓ Âc˜◊Ã[˝
EıÁ^ÔÓ◊a◊à˘ Âc˜T«ˆ ]Á◊X Ê`“úˆ L„X*
ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁ E«ı_W˝∂ˆÇÔ ^ÁV„[˝Ã[˝* X„]
=¨JÙ◊`Ã[˝ TˆÁÃ[˝ AEı mÃ[˝”LXYÁ„V
XÁ X„Ã[˝Ã[˝, XÁ ÂV„[˝Ã[˝* YÁ◊_ E«ı_W˝∂ˆÇÔ
%ÁªJÙÃ[˝ ◊[˝„V„`, Y«y, =¨JÙ◊`Ã[˝ ◊X◊Tˆ*''
[˝Á◊c˜◊Ã[˝Ã^Á %◊XÃ[˝”à˘ aä•ÁÃ[˝ _e„H
_H«G◊Tˆ* ÈÃ[˝[˝TÊı Y“EıÁâ¯ ◊`FÃ[˝
=◊Pˆ_ a∂ˆÇ«„F =¨JÙ GGX %Áy‘◊]
[˝ßÿëˆÃ[˝ XV„Ã[˝Á„_* MıÃ[˝SÁ ◊XXÁV
W[˝◊X_ Ã[˝U›Ã[˝ Eı„SÔ* Y[[˝ÔTˆ E«ıa«]
ÂaÏÃ[˝\ˆ _◊\ˆ_* ◊G◊Ã[˝[˝Áa› £◊X_
Ã[˝cãÓG›◊Tˆ ◊[˝c˜„GÃ[˝* c˜÷VÃ^ ]«◊VTˆ
[˝Á◊c˜◊Ã[˝_ Â^X GÁ„X* GÁ◊c˜„Tˆ GÁ◊c˜„Tˆ
W˝◊Ã[˝_ Y[[˝ÔTˆ ]ÁGÔ [˝Á_Eı a«W˝Xü›*
cÕ◊Tˆ --- Ã[˝”◊®øS›-aTˆÓ\ˆÁ]Á %Á`›[[˝ÔÁV C [˝◊c˜GÔ]X a]Áä
TˆdY„Ã[˝ cÕ≥V–[˝Áa«„V[˝ ae[˝ÁV C a\ˆÁ[˝SÔX C a\ˆÁÃ^ [˝ÁV◊[˝[˝ÁV %ÁÃ[˝êˆ
ÂaÏÃ[˝„aX a\ˆÁÿöˆ„_ a]Áa›X %Á◊Lª
ÂaÏÃ[˝„aX [˝ à˘GS %V ‰rÙÃ[˝ ◊V„X
[˝Áà˘¤„EıÓ ]◊c˜]Á◊XüTˆ, %µ˘Eı ◊[˝Y U«
ÂV[˝\ˆÁG ÂV[˝`∂ˆÇÔÁ [˝daÁ[˝ÁX ◊`◊X
=à˘[˝ a«TˆX« %X◊]y ]c˜Á[˝_›, ---
^Tˆ [˝ à˘ \ˆG¬[˝_ a[[˝Ôc˜Ã[˝ EıÁ„_
%ÁÃ[˝ XÁ %ÁÿˆèıÁ„_ W˝X« VÁÃ[˝”S aeG–Á„],
Â_Ïc˜[˝l˘ c˜„Tˆ XÁ Â[˝„Ã[˝ÁÃ^ ◊aec˜XÁV

`y”c˜÷◊V ◊[˝VÁ◊Ã[˝„Tˆ, \ˆ›] %◊a\ˆÁÃ[˝
%îl˘S [˝◊c˜„Tˆ a]UÔ [˝Áß --- Tˆ„[˝
]ÁX„a a[˝_ Â^X ªJÙT«ˆ„õıÁSÁ V«„GÔ
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%Tˆ›Tˆ Y“V›Y ◊`FÁ H«Ã[˝Á„Ã^ V`ÔÁÃ^
Y◊Ã[˝SÁ] %Á`Á\ˆ›◊Tˆ X[˝^«G Y„U*
Y“ÁªJÙ›X X Y◊Tˆ ÂaUÁ =G–„aX Ã[˝ÁLÁ
YÁ„`üÔ [˝a«„V[ Â`Ï◊Ã[˝ [˝ à˘ ]c˜ÁEıÁÃ^
%ÁXEı V«≥V«◊\ˆ Â^Áà˘Á ◊[˝FÓÁTˆ LG„Tˆ*
]c˜Á\ˆÁG Y«y•Ã^ [˝a«„V[˝ YÁ„`
%Áa›X ÂÃ[˝[˝Tˆ›EıÁ‹ôˆ c˜_W˝Ã[˝ [˝_›
%◊Ã[˝„aXÁ-„l˘‰y ªJÙÁb›, E ıb’ ]c˜Á^`Á
=Ã[˝Eı›◊wÔ¯ XÁÃ[˝ÁÃ^S ]ÁX[˝ `Ã[˝›„Ã[˝*
%Á◊aÃ^Á Eı◊c˜_ E ı„b’ W˝›[˝_ V«Ã^ÁÃ[˝›*
""]c˜ÁEıÁÃ^ ÂEıc˜ •Á„Ã[˝, [˝Áa«„V[˝ Â`Ï◊Ã[˝,
◊Eı mä [˝ÁÃ[˝TˆÁ, E ıb’, Eı◊c˜„[˝ ÂTˆÁ]Á„Ã[˝*''
=w¯Ã[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝_ TˆÁ„Ã[˝ E ıb’ ]c˜Á^`Áª
""a\ˆÁG c˜ a]Áa›X [˝ „à˘Ã[˝Á ÂÛÁÃ^
ÂEı mä [˝ÁÃ[˝TˆÁ Eı„c˜ EıX›Ã^ÁX Eı„SÔ*
a\ˆÁG „c˜ ÂVÏ[˝Á◊Ã[˝Eı, %ÁX [˝ÁwÔ¯Á[˝„c˜*
[˝ à˘ Ã[˝Ár—ÙYÁ_[˝ „≥V Ã[˝Á‰r—ÙÃ[˝ [˝ÁÃ[˝TˆÁ
◊X„[˝„V a«]◊Tˆ V…Tˆ* ]c˜›Ã^ÁX [˝ à˘,
`Á‹ôˆ TˆÁÃ[˝ [˝«◊à˘* W˝›Ã[˝ %ªRÙO_ ]ÁX„a
G…ªRÕÙ Ã[˝„c˜ ]‹óˆSÁ*'' Eı◊c˜_ ÂVÏ[˝Á◊Ã[˝Eı
""X„c˜ V…Tˆ AcÕ Â^Áà˘Á* W˝Xü› ]„c˜bùÁa
ÂV[˝ÁE ı◊Tˆ* ÂV[˝a] ]c˜d EıYÁ„_
\ˆÁ„Tˆ ◊Eı ◊XG…ªRÕÙ %Á\ˆÁ* ÂV[˝a] G◊Tˆ
Â^X Y[[˝ÔTˆªJÙÁÃ[˝› ◊ae„c˜Ã[˝*'' a\ˆÁ•Á„Ã[˝
=◊PˆÃ^Á Âc˜◊Ã[˝_ `ÁÜfi ]c˜ÁEıÁÃ^ ÂEıc˜
VÒÁQÕˆÁ„Ã^‰ªK˜ [˝∂ˆÇfi \ˆ›] `Ã[˝ÁaX Eı„Ã[˝*

Y¿Á„[˝ •ÁÃ[˝„V` ÂLÓÁ◊Tˆf, =¨JÙ◊`Ã[˝ ÊPˆ„Eı
T«ˆÜ ÂTˆÁÃ[˝SÁ‰G–, --- %◊V◊TˆX≥VX [˝q›
]ÁX[˝`Ã[˝›„Ã[˝ ªK˜~ ]c˜ªd ÂV[˝TˆÁ
Â^X [˝◊c˜‘ %î W˝…„]* Eı◊c˜_ ]ÁW˝[˝*
""ÂEı T«ˆ◊] ^ÁV[˝Y«„Ã[˝ [˝ÁwÔ¯Á[˝c˜* Ã[˝„U
=◊PˆÃ^Á XÁ YV[˝–„L _e◊H ◊G◊Ã[˝]Á_Á
Tˆä ]ÃÃ[˝”„V`W˝…◊_ =QÕˆÁcÕÃ^Á W˝Á„[˝
ÂEıÁX LXΩ\…ˆ◊] ªK˜Á◊QÕˆ ◊Eı [˝Á [˝ÁwÔ¯Á ]«„F
[˝Á◊c˜„_ a«V…Ã[˝ Y‹öˆÁ a]«V–-=„Å`›*''
%ÁFâ¯_ [˝q› E ı„b’ =w¯Ã[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝_*
""Y“U] ◊Eı A %Á_ÁY c˜cÕ_ Â]Á„VÃ[˝,
E ıb’* [˝ UÁ ÂEıX A £W˝ÁC G…ªRÕÙp˚ÁX›
[˝ ≥VÁ[˝X EıUÁ \«ˆ„_ªK˜, ◊Eı Tˆ„[˝,
T«ˆ◊] ÂÛÁ ]„XÁc˜ÁÃ[˝› V«Ã[˝‹ôˆ [˝Á_Eı
ÂF◊_„Tˆ ]W˝«Ã[˝c˜Á◊a ÂGÁY[˝W˝… ]Á„Mı*
ÂGÁ[˝à˘¤X [˝Á_ÓEıÁ„_ Âc˜◊Ã[˝_ V«L„X,
◊X◊[˝QÕˆ FÁâ¯[˝ÁÃ[˝„SÓ %Á_ÁY Eı◊Ã[˝X«
Ã[˝„SÃ[˝ Gêˆ›Ã[˝ Â]Ï„X W˝Xü› ac˜ W˝Xü›*''
[˝Áa«„V[˝ ]c˜Á^`Á =w¯Ã[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝_*
""%ÁFâ¯_ W˝X«à˘¤ÁÃ[˝›, ÂV[˝±ºˆ %Á[˝◊Ã[˝*
ªK˜≤ø„[˝`› Â^ %ÁcÕ_ %Á±¡„GÁYXÁ„UÔ
◊ªJÙ„XC XÁ ◊ªJÙ„X TˆÁ„Ã[˝ %Á^ÔÓ]XÁ p˚ÁX›*
ªK˜≤ø„[˝„` YÃ[˝[˝–°˘ ◊[˝Ã[˝Á„L LG„Tˆ
[˝ß\ˆÁ„[˝ [˝ßÃ[˝÷„Y* a«p˚ÁX› ]ÁX[˝
◊ªJÙ„XC XÁ ◊ªJÙ„X TˆÁ„Ã[˝* <`ü„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ÂF_Á
\ˆÁ◊Ü„Tˆ XÁ ªJÙÁ„c˜* ] V« ªJÙÁYÁ c˜Á◊a ]«„F
ÂF„_, a„Ü* \ˆ[˝XV› Y«◊_X-◊[˝c˜ÁÃ[˝›
Ã[˝Á„F y‘›QÕˆÁ ◊XÃ^] %l«˘|
* YÁPˆÁ‹ôˆÃ[˝: _«hıÁ„Ã^
[˝Á„L [˝e`› \ˆ[˝XV› Y«◊_X ÈaEı„Tˆ

XÁ‰ªJÙ [˝Á]ÁGS ÂLÓÁdÿoˆÁY¿«Tˆ ]W˝«Ã[˝Áy›
]wÔ¯Ó Y ◊U[˝›„Tˆ A„_, %ÁFâ¯_ [˝q›*''
%ÁFâ¯_ W˝X«à˘¤ÁÃ[˝› =w¯Ã[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝_*
""W˝∂ˆÇÔ Ã[˝l˘Á-%„UÔ, E ıb’, ]c˜Á±¡Á LXΩÁÃ^
Eı∂ˆÇÔ„l˘y L„G* YÁY\ˆÁÃ[˝ ◊zırÙÁ ^„[˝
ÂV[˝› [˝a«µ˘Ã[˝Á, [˝Á‰QÕˆ %W˝∂ˆÇÔ a[[˝Ôy,
W˝∂ˆÇÔ-%„Ü %Á„a G¿Á◊X, XÁÃ[˝ÁÃ^S ◊Lb«’
%[˝Tˆ◊Ã[˝ XÃ[˝„V„c˜ V«#¤„X [˝◊W˝Ã^Á
V…Ã[˝ Eı„Ã[˝ ]„c˜bùÁa \ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝ \ˆ›◊Tˆ*
=G– ÈVTˆÓGS ]W˝«Ã[˝ VÁX[˝•›„Y
[˝ß YÃ[˝Á\ˆ„[˝ \ˆG¬ Y«X[[˝ÔÁÃ[˝ `◊N˛
L]ÁcÕ‰ªK˜* Ã[˝ÁLW˝ÁX› Âa a«V…Ã[˝ ÂV„`
◊Eı‹ô«ˆ Y“ÁGÀ„LÓÁ◊Tˆb, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ßXÁ ªJÙ›X\…ˆ◊]
]Á„X \ˆ›] `ÁaX, T«ˆÃ[˝”õı EıÃ[˝ÁW˝›X,
ªRÙO◊_‰ªK˜ ^[˝„X`üÃ[˝ ]c˜Á‚—˜VTˆ›„Ã[˝*
%à˘¤\ˆÁG Y ◊U[˝›Ã[˝ ªK˜ÁcÕ_ Âa `◊N˛*
ac˜ÁÃ^ `·¯Ã[˝ ◊XTˆÓ VÁX[˝Y◊TˆÃ[˝,
Â^ÁG ◊V„[˝ [˝Ã[˝„[˝„` ïı≥V TˆÁÃ[˝EıÁ◊Ã[˝
VÁX[˝ a∂ëˆµ˘-„_Á„\ˆ* ]c˜ÁX %XUÔ
%Á„^ÔÓÃ[˝ ÂV„[˝Ã[˝ Âa ◊[˝[˝Á„c˜* YÁPˆÁcÕ„[˝
ÈVTˆÓ\…ˆ◊] Y“V«Ó∂oˆ-V◊Ã^TˆÁ %◊XÃ[˝”„à˘
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c˜◊Ã[˝„[˝ ÈVTˆÓE«ı]ÁÃ[˝› \ˆÁ◊Ü„[˝ [˝Á_Eı
=G–Zı_ A ◊[˝[˝Ác˜, ◊Xfa„≥V„c˜ LÁ◊X*
◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ]c˜Á[˝_› ÈVTˆÓ Y“aÁ„V `ê«ˆÃ[˝
E«ı]ÁÃ[˝ VÁX[˝◊Ld Ã[˝„c˜ YÁ„` aVÁª
YÃ[˝‹ôˆY W˝X«à˘¤ÁÃ[˝›* aÁ◊W˝ ◊[˝`ü◊c˜Tˆ
Â^X XÁ ◊[˝Y„V Y‰QÕˆ ªJÙÁÃ[˝” %◊XÃ[˝”à˘
%EıÁ_ ]Ã[˝„S* =Pˆ, ]c˜Á[˝_› Â^Áà˘Á
[˝Á‰QÕˆ Âc˜Ã[˝, aVÁ Â^X E ıb’„]HÃ[˝ÁL›

aµ˘ÓÁÃ[˝ GG„X ÈVTˆÓ* \ˆ›][˝Áß TˆÁÃ[˝
=¨JÙ ◊c˜]ÁªJÙ_ ]Á„Y Y“EıÁâ¯ V«◊V„Eı*
`◊]„_ YÁÃ[˝aÓ ÂTˆLf --- Eı◊VX [˝Á ◊ªRÙO„Eı
W˝∂ˆÇÔªJ«ÙÓTˆ --- ◊c˜]Á◊V–Ã[˝ Y◊∏JÙ] ÂTˆÁÃ[˝„S
◊H◊Ã[˝„[˝ %l˘Ã^ `y”* £X %Á„a Eı„SÔ
\ˆ›] ◊aµ«˘XÁV* EıÁ_-a]«V– Â^]◊Tˆ
ÂHÁ◊b‰ªK˜ Ê∂⁄ˆ¨K˜LGd %Á^ÔÓÁ[˝wÔ¯ YÁ„X*
G◊#¤‰ªK˜ Y…Ã[˝„[˝ ÈVTˆÓ Mı◊ªRÙOEıÁÃ[˝ W[˝◊X*
H…SÔ[˝ÁÃ^« Â^X %Á◊a, ^ÁV[˝ ÂEı`Ã[˝›,
ªJ…ÙSÔ EıÃ[˝ Â]H[˝_, =QÕˆÁC Âa Mı‰QÕˆ*
%Áa~ \ˆ„Ã^Ã[˝ Ã[˝Áy› ÂV[˝◊Y“Ã^ ÂV„`,
a[[˝Ôc˜Ã[˝ a[[˝ÔHÁTˆ› E ıTˆÁ‹ôˆ %Á◊a‰ªK˜
l˘yc˜›X Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ* %F◊â¯Tˆ
ÈÃ[˝„_ A \ˆ›bS `y”˘ %Á„^ÔÓÃ[˝ V«Ã^Á„Ã[˝,
ÂEı Ã[˝l˘Á Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝ Tˆ„[˝, `…XÓ %Á^ÔÓ\…ˆ◊]*''
=w¯Ã[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝_ TˆÁ„Ã[˝ [˝Áa«„V[˝ Â`Ï◊Ã[˝
""EıÁ„_Ã[˝ EıÃ[˝Á_ G–Á„a ÂEı [˝gÁ‰ªJÙ, a«„Ã[˝`*
T…ˆÃ[˝›Ã[˝„[˝ LÃ^XÁ„V %ÁÃ[˝Á[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á
a«]c˜d Ã[˝Ár—Ù[˝ ≥V ]w¯ y…‘Ã[˝Eı∂ˆÇfi
◊XÅ¤Ã^ XÃ^„X %◊G¬ G[[˝ÔEıUÁ ]«„F
%c˜◊XÔ◊` ªJÙ◊_„Tˆ‰ªK˜ W[˝eaY„U Â[˝G›ª
%µ˘[˝d* %Á„a EıTˆ, ^ÁÃ^ EıTˆ \ˆ„[˝*
Y“ÁªJÙ›X %a«Ã[˝ ÂEıÁUÁ, [˝gÁ≈◊W˝ ]c˜ÁY«Ã[˝›
Y“ÿôˆ„Ã[˝ ◊_◊F_ ^ÁÃ[˝Á, ◊_◊F ] dYÁ‰y
◊XL cÕ◊Tˆc˜Áa, ]…ªRÕÙ! \ˆÁ◊[˝_ ◊ªJÙÃ[˝ÁÃ^«
Â]ÁÃ[˝Á* [˝a«µ˘Ã[˝Á ªRÙÁ„Eı Âa ◊[˝Y«_ Eı›◊wÔ¯*
aTˆÓ^«G ]ÁX„[˝Ã[˝ Y◊∏JÙ] aÁG„Ã[˝
Q«ˆ◊[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜ ]c˜Á•›Y* ◊XÅ¤Ã^ TˆÃ[˝„Ü
]◊L_ a\ˆÁ^ÔÓÁY«y a«EıÃ[˝”S Ã[˝÷„Y
ÂV[˝a] ÂacÕ LÁ◊Tˆ* _«ä ]c˜Á^`

◊[˝ÿˆÇ ◊TˆÃ[˝ a[[˝ÔG–Áa› \ˆ›] %µ˘EıÁ„Ã[˝*
EıTˆ ]c˜ÁLÁ◊Tˆ =‰Pˆ G–Á◊a„Tˆ Y ◊U[˝›;
EıTˆ ]c˜ÁLÁ◊Tˆ ÂG_ %X‹ôˆ ◊Tˆ◊]„Ã[˝*
Â`„F XÁ %îÁÃ^« ÂLTˆÁ* \ˆÁ„[˝ %Á]Á„Ã[˝cÕ
[˝◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜ LG„V[˝, %Á◊]cÕ %]Ã[˝,
a]ÿôˆ Y ◊U[˝› ÊªK˜„Ã^ Ã[˝◊c˜[˝ ◊ªJÙÃ[˝ÁÃ^«*
EıÁ_ ◊Lp˚Á◊a„[˝ a…^ÔÓ ÂEıÁUÁ ÂacÕ [˝_›*
AEı Âa Y◊[˝y LÁ◊Tˆ Â^ ◊ªJÙ„X‰ªK˜ _›_Á,
LÁ„X <`ü„Ã[˝Ã[˝ y‘›QÕˆÁ a«FV«fF ]],
c˜cÕÃ^Á‰ªK˜ ◊ªJÙÃ[˝L›[˝›* ÂÃ[˝ÏÃ[˝[˝-◊Tˆ◊]„Ã[˝
^◊V ÂZı„_ ◊[˝`ü„LTˆÁ, V◊_ Â_Ïc˜Y„V
^◊V \ˆÁ„Ü, ^◊V ÂY„b, ◊XW˝ÔX Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á
]X«bÓ±ºˆ _Ã^ £◊b ◊XH ÔS ]ÁX„a,
YÁ„YÃ[˝ %GÁW˝ Y„·¯ Q«ˆ[˝ÁÃ^ ÂGÁ_Á„],
]◊Ã[˝„[˝ XÁ Tˆ[˝«* %µ˘Tˆ] Âa XÃ[˝„Eı
^ÁcÕ[˝ XÁ◊]Ã^Á %Á◊] =à˘ÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ,
^«„G ^«„G %Á^ÔÓyÁTˆÁ XÁÃ[˝ÁÃ^S ◊Lb«’*
◊X◊∏JÙ‹ôˆ ªJÙÁ_ÁC Ã[˝U Â`Á◊STˆ-XG„Ã[˝
[˝Áa[˝* %Á◊a[˝ E ıb’ ^V«E«ı_ ÂXTˆÁ,
H…SÔ[˝ÁÃ^« Â^X ÂHÁ◊b ÈVTˆÓ◊[˝\ˆ›◊bEıÁ
ªJ…ÙSÔ Eı◊Ã[˝ =QÕˆÁcÕ[˝ Y…Ã[˝[˝ GG„X*''
◊Zı◊Ã[˝_ a\ˆÁÃ^ Â`Ï◊Ã[˝* •Á◊Ã[˝EıÁ TˆÓ◊LÃ^Á
W˝◊Ã[˝_ Y[[˝Ô„TˆÃ[˝ ]ÁGÔ %ÁFâ¯_ [˝q›,
E«ıÃ^Á`Á ]c˜d È`„_* E«ıÃ^Á`ÁÃ^ G…ªRÕÙ
W˝◊Ã[˝_ Y“V«Ó∂oˆY«‰y ]c˜d ÂV[˝TˆÁ
%à˘¤Y„U* a«G◊µ˘Tˆ ÂV[˝VÁÃ[˝” [˝„X,
%GÁW˝ Eı≥V„Ã[˝ \ˆÁ◊a =‰Pˆ ÂV[˝Ã[˝ÁªRÙO
W˝Á[˝]ÁX E«ıÃ^Á`ÁÃ^, Â^X ªK˜ÁÃ^Á` „Ü,
Y“EıÁâ¯, ]ÁÃ^Á[˝›, Âc˜◊Ã[˝ Y◊UEı ^Ác˜Á„Ã[˝
""%X«a„Ã[˝ Â]Á„Ã[˝'' \ˆÁ„[˝ Ã[˝Ál˘a y‘[˝ÓÁ`›

EgıÁ◊Y ◊XLªK˜ÁÃ^Á\ˆ›Tˆ %Á„_]ÁX-„V„`*
VÁ_Á„X a\ˆÁG „c˜Ã[˝ W˝◊Ã[˝Ã^Á Âa `Ö

\ˆ›]XÁV› YÁá˚LXÓ [˝Áa«„V[˝ Â^Áà˘Á
=Ã[˝”„HÁb› ]c˜ÁXÁ„V Y…◊Ã[˝_ XGÃ[˝›*
`Tˆ ◊aµ«˘W[˝◊X ÛÁ W[˝◊X_ %Á‚º˜ÁX
Y[[˝Ô„Tˆ Y“Á‹ôˆ„Ã[˝ Lù„_* ªJÙ]◊Eı =◊Pˆ_
]c˜Tˆ› ^ÁV[˝Y«Ã[˝› \ˆ[˝„X V«Ã^Á„Ã[˝
Y“„]ÁV-=VÓÁ„X* =G– %ÁÃ^«W˝ aÁY◊ªRÙO
%GSX ªJÙy‘„HÁ„b ß·¯Á◊Ã[˝_ \ˆ›]Á,
_l˘ YVW[˝◊X Y„U, _l˘]c˜ÁÿëˆÃ[˝Á
=Ã[˝”ÿëˆXÁ ÂEıÁ◊ªRÙO◊`Ã[˝Á, a]«V– Â^]◊Tˆ
%^«TˆTˆÃ[˝ÜÿëˆÃ[˝ G◊#¤ ^„[˝ %Á„a
Â[˝_ÁYÁ„X, --- a\ˆÁYÁ„X W˝ÁcÕ_ XGÃ[˝›
%a›] %ÁÃ[˝Á„[˝* =¨JÙÍ`„_ Y“◊TˆW[˝◊X
ÂHÁ◊b_ %Ã[˝SÓ ÛÁ [˝ÁÃ^« Y◊Ã[˝Ã[˝„êˆ*
%^«Tˆ [˝ c˜d EıÁ„Ã^ ◊aecã] ÂX‰y
Y…◊Ã[˝_ ◊[˝ÿô ˆTˆ V›HÔ a\ˆÁG c˜ \…ˆ◊]*
AEı Y“Á„‹ôˆ a]Áa›X a\ˆÁÃ[˝ a∂ˆÇ«„F
[˝„Ã^Á[˝ à˘ p˚ÁX[˝ à˘ a]„Ã[˝ [˝Á ^ÁÃ[˝Á
%G–GÁ]›* =G–„aX Y“ÁªJÙ›X X Y◊Tˆ
a[˝ÁÃ[˝ ]ÁMıÁ„Ã[˝ Â`Á„\ˆ [˝ à˘ ]c˜ÁEıÁÃ^*
XÃ[˝àÓy‘] ªJÙÁ◊Ã[˝ E ıTˆÁ‹ôˆ [˝◊Y_
Eı∂ˆÇÔ„l˘‰y* ªJÙÁ◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ =◊Pˆ_ ◊c˜‰{Á◊_
Y[˝„X W˝Ã[˝ÁÃ[˝ W˝X, c˜Á◊a_ LXX›*
Tˆ›©¬˘ %◊a H«Ã[˝ÁcÕÃ^Á \ˆ›bS E ıbEıª
ªJÙÁ◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ EıÁ‰ªRÙO* Âc˜◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜ =G–„aX*
=◊Pˆ‰ªK˜ Yá˚]àÓ `“Á◊‹ôˆc˜›X Âl˘‰y*
^«Ga«FV«fF ÂX‰y V›HÔL›[˝› Ã[˝ÁLÁ
Ã[˝„c˜, Â^]◊Tˆ YÁÃ[˝„aÓ Y«Ã[˝ÁTˆX ◊`_Á

`Tˆ ]c˜Á◊_◊Y [˝„l˘, X…TˆX ^«„GÃ[˝
◊[˝ÿˆÇÃ^* ÂV„[˝Ã[˝ c˜ÿôˆ◊_◊Y %X«]Á„X
]◊c˜]Á-ÿôˆ◊êˆTˆ Y“LÁ, Y…„L ÂacÕ ◊G◊Ã[˝*
a]Áa›X X YYÁ„` [˝a«„V[˝ Â`Ï◊Ã[˝
%ÁXEıV«≥V«◊\ˆ Â^Áà˘Á ◊[˝FÓÁTˆ LG„Tˆ*
Y«y„YÏy ªJÙÁ◊Ã[˝W˝Á„Ã[˝, ÂYÏ‰yÃ[˝ TˆXÃ^
ÂH„Ã[˝ ]c˜›Ã^ÁX [˝ „à˘, E ıb’ [˝_Ã[˝Á]
GV ªJÙÁÃ[˝”„Vb’ aÁ∂ëˆ Y“V«Ó∂oˆ aÁÃ[˝S, ---
Â^X ` Ü %}GÁ]› ÂHÃ[˝Á `Tˆ ` „Ü*
\ˆG¬[˝_ [˝ à˘„Vc˜ a[[˝Ôc˜Ã[˝ EıÁ„_,
%l˘Tˆ ◊[˝Ã[˝Á„L Tˆ[˝« ]◊c˜]Á Âa ÂV„c˜, ---
Y“ÁªJÙ›X Y“ÁaÁV ÛÁ =¨JÙ ^«GLÃ^›
Y…[[˝Ô-aÁ∂ÉˆÁ„LÓÃ[˝ ◊ªJÙc˜‘ LXc˜›X˝ Y«„Ã[˝
\ˆG¬◊`Ã[˝ EıÁ„_ \ˆG¬Y“ÁªJÙ›Ã[˝* TÛÁ◊Y
◊[˝ÿˆÇ„Ã^ A EıÁ_ Âc˜◊Ã[˝ \ˆÁ„[˝ "ÂV[˝a]
Âa EıÁ„_Ã[˝ ]ÁX„[˝Ã[˝Á A YÁbÁSÃ[˝Á◊`
T«ˆ◊__ GG„X ^ÁÃ[˝Á E ıTˆÁ‹ôˆ XÁ ]Á◊X*'
Y…◊LÃ^Á ]c˜d [˝ „à˘ \ˆ◊N˛Y…SÔ ÂX‰y
Y“Tˆ›l˘Á Eı◊Ã[˝_ a\ˆÁ [˝Áa«„V[˝-=◊N˛
=◊Pˆ a\ˆÁ]Á„Mı W˝›„Ã[˝ E ıb’ ]c˜Á^`Á
T…ˆÃ[˝›W[˝◊X Â^X ÂHÁ◊b %ÁÃ^„aÃ[˝ Eı„¢ˆ
ªK˜Á◊QÕˆ_ ◊aec˜[˝ªJÙX ◊aec˜[˝l˘ c˜„Tˆ*
""=Pˆ C„c˜ ◊aec˜LÁ◊Tˆ, aÁL Ã[˝S„[˝„`*
%ÁX„≥VÃ[˝ [˝ÁwÔ¯Á %Á◊L ^ÁV[˝-XG„Ã[˝,
Y«Xf ]c˜ÁEı∂ˆÇÔ A_, ÂVFÁ„Ã^‰ªK˜ Y«„Ã[˝
ªJÙÁÃ[˝”]«F TˆÁÃ[˝* ^V«Ã[˝ a‹ôˆ◊Tˆ Â]ÁÃ[˝Á
EıTˆ EıÁ_ ◊[˝XÁ _„l˘Ó Y◊ªJÙÃ^Á UÁ◊Eı[˝
◊Xõı∂ˆÇÔÁ %Á_„aÓ* XÁ◊c˜ [˝Á◊a' AcÕ %„UÔ
Ã[˝”„l˘ÁY_Á ◊G◊Ã[˝-\…ˆ◊], Y[[˝Ô„TˆÃ[˝ ÂEıÁ„_
XÁcÕ ÿöˆÁ◊Y AcÕ %„UÔ TˆÃ[˝Ü-Ã[˝◊l˘TˆÁ

V«à˘¤bÔÁ ]c˜Tˆ› Y«Ã[˝› ]„c˜ÁV◊W˝ Tˆ›„Ã[˝*
%G]Ó ◊G◊Ã[˝G‚º˜„Ã[˝ `Á[˝Eı `Á◊[˝EıÁ
Ã[˝Á◊F ◊aec˜ [˝Á◊c˜Ã[˝ÁÃ^ =Ã[˝”ªJÙÁÃ[˝› ] T«ˆÓ
[˝W˝Á„UÔ }◊]„Tˆ* ^V« `Á[˝Eı `Á◊[˝EıÁ,
[˝ l˘Á‰G– ]W˝«Ã[˝ X›‰QÕˆ ]W˝«Ã[˝ a‹ôˆ◊Tˆ
◊XÃ[˝ÁY„V Ã[˝Á◊FÃ^Á ◊[˝`ü◊[˝ªJÙÁÃ[˝› Y„l˘
YÃ[˝◊c˜„Tˆ }◊] Â]ÁÃ[˝Á* ÿëˆÁUÔYÃ[˝ `Á◊‹ôˆ
\ˆ◊L„Tˆ XÁ◊c˜ L◊XΩX«, C„c˜ ◊aec˜LÁ◊Tˆ*
YÃ[˝Á„UÔ •Á◊Ã[˝EıÁY«Ã[˝›, YÃ[˝Á„UÔ %Á]Ã[˝Á
^V«E«ı_, YÃ[˝Á„UÔ L„XΩ◊ªK˜ [˝Áa«„V[
V«fFY…SÔ W˝Ã[˝ÁTˆ„_ =¨JÙ ^V«[˝e„`*
◊Eı Âc˜T«ˆ ◊aec˜-◊[˝y‘] ◊VÃ^Á‰ªK˜ ◊[˝W˝ÁTˆÁ,
◊Eı Zı„_ [˝Á %îaeFÓ ^ÁV[˝ Y“TˆÁ„Y
Y ◊U[˝›Ã[˝ a]Eıl˘ ^◊V XÁ YÃ[˝Á„UÔ
FÁªRÙOÁcÕ ÂacÕ ◊[˝y‘]* YÃ[˝Á„UÔcÕ a rÙ
[˝Áß[˝_ [˝«◊à˘[˝_ Y“◊Tˆ\ˆÁ LG„Tˆ*
V«[[˝Ô_-=à˘ÁÃ[˝, V]X %TˆÓÁªJÙÁÃ[˝›Ã[˝
LXΩ\…ˆ◊] Ã[˝l˘Á, A %Á„]ÁV A ◊[˝_Áa
X„c˜ GÁX, X„c˜ X TˆÓ, Â^ÁGÓ ^V«E«ı„_*
◊[˝`“Á]Á„UÔ GÁX X TˆÓ Y“›◊Tˆ a rÙ ◊[˝`“Á]Á„UÔ
◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ◊ªJÙÃ[˝◊VX ◊Eı ◊[˝`“Á]
Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ ^ÁV[˝ c˜„Ã^ ◊Xõı∂ˆÇÔÁ %Á_„aÓ*
◊Eı X›Ã[˝a Âa ◊VX Â^◊VX XÁ Eı◊Ã[˝X«
ÂEıÁX YÃ[˝◊c˜Tˆ Â]ÁÃ[˝Á l˘‰yÁ◊ªJÙTˆ ÂTˆ„L*
ÿëˆ„GÔÃ[˝ ÂV[˝TˆÁ %Á◊L ^ÁV[˝ XG„Ã[˝
Eı◊c˜_ A [˝ÁwÔ¯Á XÁ◊]* £X, Ã[˝◊UGS
]W˝«Ã[˝ VÁX[˝•›„Y VÁX[˝-<`üÃ[˝
[˝ÁS ]c˜Á[˝Áß, [˝Á‰QÕˆ ◊XTˆÓ TˆÁÃ[˝ Eı›◊wÔ¯*
`Á◊a„ªK˜ Y“TˆÁ„Y W˝Ã[˝Á* ^Tˆ =G– LÁ◊Tˆª
◊c˜Ã[˝SÓEı◊`Y« \ˆ„Ã^ ◊]◊_Tˆ c˜cÕ_,

[˝µ˘ªJ«ÙÓTˆ Y„Ã[˝, Y«SÓ [˝ÁSÁa«Ã[˝ \ˆ„Ã^
Y…[[˝Ô [˝a«µ˘Ã[˝Á \ˆ„L AEı¨K˜y¨K˜ÁÃ^Á*
Y“ÁGÀ„LÓÁ◊Tˆb ªJÙ›X\…ˆ◊] %Á¨K˜Á◊V_ [˝ÁS
]Ü_ T«ˆÃ[˝”õı c…˜X ]Á„X Âa %◊W˝„Y*
ac˜ÁÃ^ `·¯Ã[˝ ◊XTˆÓ VÁX[˝Y◊TˆÃ[˝,
Â^ÁG ◊V„[˝ [˝Ã[˝„[˝„` ïı≥V TˆÁÃ[˝EıÁ◊Ã[˝
%Áa«Ã[˝ a∂ëˆµ˘Y“ÁUfi* Eı◊c˜„Tˆ A [˝ÁwÔ¯Á
ÿëˆ„GÔÃ[˝ ÂV[˝TˆÁ %Á◊L XÁ◊]_ XG„Ã[˝*
=G–Zı_ A ◊[˝[˝Ác˜ ◊≈y◊V„[˝ ]Ã[˝„Tˆ*
%TÂ[˝ YÁPˆÁcÕ_ VÁX„[˝Ã[˝ \…ˆ◊]
Tˆ X„Ã^ Y“V«Ó∂oˆLÁÃ^Á* ªJÙÁÃ[˝” %◊XÃ[˝”à˘
Ã[˝÷„Y \«ˆ_ÁcÕÃ^Á %Á◊X ÈVTˆÓEıXÓÁÃ[˝‰±Ûˆ
G–◊c˜„[˝ [˝Á_Eı; [˝ÁÃ^«-%◊TˆG aÓ≥V„X
=G–[˝„_ [˝Á c˜◊Ã[˝Ã^Á Â^Áà˘Á ]c˜Á[˝_›*
◊Eı‹ô«ˆ YÃ[˝Áy‘Á‹ôˆ ÈVTˆÓ, ac˜ÁÃ^ `·¯Ã[˝
E«ı]ÁÃ[˝ VÁX[˝◊Ld Ã[˝„c˜ aVÁ EıÁ‰ªK˜
YÃ[˝‹ôˆY W˝X«à˘¤ÁÃ[˝›* Â^X XÁ ◊[˝Y„V
Y‰QÕˆ %◊XÃ[˝”à˘ Â^Áà˘Á a«V…Ã[˝ ◊[˝„V„`*
%◊Tˆ`Ã^ %YEı›◊wÔ¯ c˜cÕ„[˝ Â]Á„VÃ[˝
]◊Ã[˝„_ ^ÁV[˝ Ã[˝U› ◊[˝„V`›Ã^ \«ˆ„L
c˜Tˆ, Â^X %ac˜ÁÃ^, Â^X Âc˜Ã^ E«ı„_
TˆÁÃ[˝ LXΩ* XÁ a◊c˜[˝ V«[[˝Ô_ W˝◊bÔTˆ,
a[˝„_ ◊Eı QˆÃ[˝ÁcÕ[˝, EıÁY«Ã[˝”b ÛÁ
[˝_Á◊XüTˆ ÈV[˝„VÁ„b %`„N˛ %ÁÿˆèıÁ„_
H SÓ `◊N˛* ÂEı ]Á◊X„[˝ %ÁÃ[˝ ^V«[˝e„`
%◊F_ [˝a«µ˘Ã[˝ÁÃ^* ◊[˝„`bTˆf ÈVTˆÓ
◊ªJÙÃ[˝`y” %Á„^ÔÓÃ[˝ ◊H„Ã[˝‰ªK˜ A„[˝ \…ˆ◊]
%Á^ÔÓÁ[˝wÔ¯YÁ„X Â^X E ıb’„]HÃ[˝ÁL›
[˝Á‰QÕˆ ÈVTˆÓ ◊[˝\ˆ›◊bEıÁ =w¯„Ã[˝ Y…Ã[˝„[˝*
◊c˜]ÁªJÙ_ V«cÕ◊V„Eı ]Á„Y \ˆ›][˝Áß*

[˝Á‰QÕˆ [˝ß˜ Ê∂⁄ˆ¨K˜LÁ◊Tˆ Y◊∏JÙ„]* Â^◊VX
%îÁÃ^« YÁÃ[˝aÓ ÂTˆLf ◊X[˝Á„Ã[˝ ^[˝„X,
◊XÃ[˝ÁYV A ÂV„`Ã[˝* Y„Ã[˝ ªJÙÁ◊Ã[˝◊V„Eı
%Áy‘]S, ªJÙÁ◊Ã[˝◊V„Eı a]«V– Â^]◊Tˆ
ÂHÁ◊b„[˝ Ê∂⁄ˆ¨K˜ LGd ◊[˝Y~ \ˆÁÃ[˝„Tˆ*
%TÂ[˝ =Pˆ aÁL, C„c˜ ◊aec˜LÁ◊Tˆ*
a~Á„c˜ %Á[˝◊Ã[˝ ÂVc˜ T…ˆÃ[˝›Ã[˝[˝ ªK˜Á◊QÕˆ
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l«˘ç˘ ]c˜ÁSÔ[˝ ÛÁ =w¯Á_ TˆÃ[˝„Ü
1 2
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LÁ◊X* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ G…ªRÕÙ[˝Á„a Âa ÂTˆLa* Â]Ác˜
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%„\ˆ„V a]Y“EıÁ`, XÁ◊c˜ aEı„_„Tˆ
Y…SÔ]ÁyÁ Yá˚„EıÁ` Y¿Á„[˝ ÂV[˝„LÓÁ◊Tˆ*
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%Á‰ªK˜ X›◊Tˆ◊[˝V* XÁ◊c˜ =bÃ[˝ L◊]„Tˆ
L„XΩ =¨JÙ◊`Ã[˝ [˝ l˘ Â`Á\ˆÁ Y ◊U[˝›Ã[˝*
ÂÛÁ ]Á_Tˆ› ^…U›, ]◊{EıÁ ÂÛÁÃ^
ªJÙ+Eı ◊Eıe£Eı ÂZıÁ‰ªRÙO ÂaUÁÃ^ ÂGÁ_ÁY ---
TˆÁc˜Á◊Ã[˝ ÂaÏÃ[˝„\ˆ ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ =Y[˝X Ã[˝”◊ªJÙ*
E ıb’ ◊\ˆ~ ÂEıÁUÁ ÂEıc˜ XÃ[˝ cÕ◊Tˆc˜Á„a
a[[˝ÔmS ]ÁX„[˝Ã[˝ AEı„V„c˜ ◊]◊_
Y…SÔ ◊[˝Eı◊aTˆ* ]W˝«Ã[˝ GÁc˜¤ÿöˆÓ W˝„∂ˆÇÔ
ÂEı T«ˆ_Ó E ı„b’Ã[˝* Ã[˝]S›Ã[˝]S ÿëˆÁ]›
◊YTˆÁ ◊YTˆÁ]c˜ }ÁTˆÁ TˆXÃ^ `ü£Ã[˝
%ÁV`Ô GÁc˜¤ÿöˆÓ W˝„∂ˆÇÔ %◊•Tˆ›Ã^ Â`Ï◊Ã[˝*
Ã[˝ÁLEıÁ^ÔÓ Y“◊Tˆ\ˆÁÃ^ ÂEı [˝Á %◊Tˆ y‘„]
[˝ ◊b’ ÂGÁäÁ [˝Áa«„V„[˝* ÂEı %Ágª◊ªRÙO„[˝ TˆÁ„Ã[˝
\ˆ›] Ã[˝„S* £cÕ =◊Pˆ E ı„b’Ã[˝ [˝ªJÙ„X?
a]ÿôˆ Y ◊U[˝›, ]…FÔ, TgˆÁc˜Á◊Ã[˝ cÕ¨K˜ÁÃ^
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W˝∂ˆÇÔmÃ[˝” \ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝ [˝Áa«„V[˝ Â`Ï◊Ã[˝*
]c˜ÁÃ[˝U› ^V«GS ◊Eı Zı_ ◊[˝[˝Á„V*
^«à˘Á„UÔ %Á„V„` `ÁÜfi* ^Ác˜Á [˝„_ E ıb’,
TˆÁc˜Á W˝∂ˆÇÔ TˆÁc˜Á X›◊Tˆ* =Pˆ Tˆ„[˝ aÁL
\ˆ›]W˝X« aÁYª◊ªRÙOÃ^Á ◊aec˜XÁV Eı◊Ã[˝ ]«„F
◊XfaÃ[˝ aÓ≥VX-„Ã[˝Á„_ Y…Ã[˝[˝-=„Å`›*''

=w¯Ã[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝_ [˝ à˘ c˜÷V›Eı =à˘„[˝*
""XÁ◊c˜ Y“è◊a[˝ Eı\«ˆ ^«[˝Á =Ã[˝”◊L„Tˆ,
=à˘[˝* ◊X◊≥V_ E ı„b’ ]…FÔ Ã[˝÷l˘\ˆÁb›*
LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ Ã[˝l˘Á„UÔ ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ]‹óˆSÁ a\ˆÁÃ^*
XÁcÕ ]Ü_ Âa Ã[˝Á„LÓ ]‹óˆSÁ-%\ˆÓÁ„a
◊[˝Ã[˝Tˆ ÂÛÁÃ^ Y“LÁ, AEı ]c˜Áïı„µ˘
%„YÔ Ã[˝ÁLÓ\ˆÁÃ[˝* ÿëˆ„TˆÁLÁTˆ mS ÂV„c˜
[˝ÁQÕˆÁÃ^ %\ˆÓÁa-LÁ_, ]„Ã[˝ %X\ˆÓÁ„a*
a◊Ã[˝„_ Âa ïıµ˘ %ÁÃ[˝ XÁcÕ T«ˆ◊_[˝ÁÃ[˝
W˝…^ÔÓ ÂV„`* %TÂ[˝ V…Ã[˝V`fi Ã[˝ÁLÁ
aTˆTˆ a«mS Fg«„L Y“LÁÃ[˝ `Ã[˝›„Ã[˝*
_◊\ˆÃ^Á [˝ÁQÕˆÁÃ^ ^‰±Ûˆ ]c˜ÁEıÁ^ÔÓ aVÁ
Y«„b Â^X YªªR«ÙO ]Á_› X[˝LÁTˆ TˆÃ[˝”*
%◊YÔÃ^Á ªRÙÁ„Eı %ÁYX Eıw Ô¯±ºˆ X›◊Tˆp˚ X Y◊Tˆ* aTˆTˆ
Y«Ã[˝ïıÁ„Ã[˝ ◊a„á˚, EıÁ‰ªRÙO %YmS**
]c˜Áa ◊rÙ %‹ôˆÃ[˝Á„_ _«hıÁ„Ã^‰ªK˜ aê« *
\ˆÁ„[˝ L›[˝, %Á◊] EıwÔ¯Á, Âa }„] ÂTˆLÿëˆ›
%G–a„Ã[˝ Eı∂ˆÇÔY„U, --- ÂaÁYÁX ]«◊N˛Ã[˝*
"ÂEıÁUÁÃ^ <`üÃ[˝ Tˆ[˝?' ◊Lp˚Á„a XÁ◊ÿôÊı
◊[˝]…ªRÕÙ* ""XÃ[˝Eıw Ô¯±ºˆ ]ÁX[˝ L›[˝„X,
◊XÃ^„]Ã[˝ Eıw Ô¯±ºˆ ÊªJÙrÙÁÃ^ Y“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝,ª
ÂEıÁUÁ ÿöˆÁX Âa ÿöˆÁS«Ã[˝?'' ◊ªJÙ„w¯ XÁ◊ÿôˆ„EıÃ[˝
◊XG…ªRÕÙ c˜Á◊a‰ªK˜ [˝–°˘ Y“TˆÓÁFÓÁ◊X [˝–„°˘*
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%◊TˆV…„Ã[˝ ÂacÕ \…ˆ◊]* [˝da„Ã[˝Ã[˝ Y‹öˆÁ
* [YÁâ«¯◊_◊Y„Tˆ AcÕ YIÀ¯◊N˛m◊_ ]Á◊L¤„X Â_FÁ %Á‰ªK˜:]
ÂacÕÃ[˝÷„Y Â^ Ê`“úˆ X›◊Tˆp˚
Â_ÁEı„•b Â_ÁEı<bÔÓÁ ◊X[˝Á„Ã[˝ a^‰±Ûˆ
a„[[˝ÔÁw¯] Âa X›◊Tˆp˚ Â^ ÂGÁY„X [˝_›*
^ÁcÕ„Tˆ, ◊Zı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ TˆTˆ* TˆÁÃ[˝Y„Ã[˝ ]Á„Mı

◊[˝`Á_ Âa ªJÙ›X\…ˆ◊] ◊[˝ÿô ˆTˆ, %W˝›X
VÁX[˝Y◊TˆÃ[˝* ÂÃ[˝Á„W˝ ^◊V ÂaUÁ G◊Tˆ
%GSX ªJÙ›X Y“LÁ, ÂEı [˝◊_„[˝ Â`Ï◊Ã[˝
Yßg◊ªK˜[˝ Eı„[˝ ]W˝«Ã[˝ VÁX[˝\…ˆ◊]*
Yßg◊ªK˜[˝ ◊Eı Eı\«ˆ* ◊XÅ¤Ã^ =Ã[˝”XÁV›
=w¯Á_ TˆÃ[˝„Ü ]Á◊Tˆ ÂZıXÁ]Ã^ ◊aµ«˘
◊H„Ã[˝ ÈVTˆÓ„V`, ]W˝«[˝„XÃ[˝ ÊªJÙÏ◊V„Eı
}„] `Tˆ ◊aec˜ ÛÁ* ÂEıÁUÁÃ^ TˆÃ[˝S›
Y[[˝ÔTˆ mc˜ÁÃ[˝ Y„U =G–ªJÙâ¯Á ÂV[˝›*
ÂEıÁUÁÃ^ XÁ◊[˝Eı ^Á„Tˆ VÁX[˝ •›„YÃ[˝
]_Ã^ ªJ«Ù◊∂ëˆTˆ Tˆ›„Ã[˝ XÁ„] %X›◊EıX›*
]◊Ã[˝„[˝ [˝Á_Eı ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ a«V…Ã[˝ ◊[˝„V„`*
[˝ß◊VX V…Ã[˝„V„` [˝à˘ c˜„[˝ ÂaXÁ*
l˘◊]„[˝ ◊Eı `y” %‹ôˆc˜›X AcÕ Y«Ã[˝›*
ac˜X›Ã^ AEıL„XÃ[˝ ]Ã[˝S, Â`Ï◊Ã[˝
X„c˜ W[˝ea LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝* a«\ˆG %◊XÃ[˝”à˘,
aÁ◊W˝ Â_ÁEı◊c˜Tˆ, aÁ◊W˝ LXΩ\…ˆ◊]-Ã[˝l˘Á
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]«◊N˛a] Y◊Ã[˝SÁ]* F«{ ÿëˆGÔ•ÁÃ[˝
YÁ◊[˝, W˝ÁcÕ„[˝ %¥aÃ[˝Á %◊X≥VÓ Ã[˝÷Ya›
`Tˆ `Tˆ ÂTˆÁÃ[˝ YÁ„X c˜Á◊aÃ^Á Eı◊c˜„[˝
""Â]Á„Ã[˝ Â]Á„Ã[˝* [˝Ã[˝ Â]Á„Ã[˝ ÿëˆÁUÔTˆÓÁG› Â^Áà˘Á
LXΩ\…ˆ◊] G[[˝Ô Aa, %Á]Á◊Ã[˝ =Ã[˝„a
Ã[˝ÁF Ã[˝SzıÁ‹ôˆ ◊`Ã[˝*'' ]W˝«Ã[˝ %W˝„Ã[˝
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◊V[˝Ó Eı„Ã[˝ %Á◊_◊ÜÃ^Á ÂV[˝Ã[˝ÁªRÙO ◊X„L
[˝aÁ„[˝X ◊aec˜Áa„X %◊XÃ[˝”à˘ [˝_›*
Eı◊c˜_ c˜÷V›Eı* `å ]c˜Tˆ› a\ˆÁÃ^
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\ˆ›]Yl˘ ◊[˝ÿôˆÁ◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ÂW˝„Ã^ ^„[˝ [˝ÁÃ^«

=QÕˆÁ„XÃ[˝ [˝ÁTˆÁ„a EgıÁYÁÃ^ [˝Xÿöˆ_›*
=G–„aX a\ˆÁ]Á„Mı =◊Pˆ_ X Y◊Tˆ*
EıÁ_\ˆG¬ ]c˜ÁEıÁÃ^ EıX›Ã^ÁX ïı„µ˘
\ˆÃ[˝ ◊VÃ^Á =◊Pˆ_ Âa [˝ à˘* Eı‰rÙ [˝ÁS›
£◊X_ ]c˜Tˆ› LÁ◊Tˆ =Ã[˝” a\ˆÁÿöˆ„_*
c˜Á _#Á c˜Á %YEı›◊wÔ¯* ^ÁV[˝ a\ˆÁÃ^
E ıb’◊X≥VÁ c˜Á ◊W˝EÀı! £◊XX« A E«ı◊V„X*
c˜ÁÃ^ E ıTˆH¬TˆÁ ]ÁX„[˝Ã[˝* Â^ ]ÁW˝[˝
yÁTˆÁ A LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ Â^ ]ÁW˝„[˝ a«FÁÃ[˝÷ªRÕÙ
^ÁV[˝-]◊c˜]Á Â^X Y ◊U[˝› %X„‹ôˆ,
TˆÁ◊Ã[˝ ◊X≥VÁ Eı„Ã[˝ ^ÁV[˝* ÂÃ[˝ _#Á ÂEıÁUÁ
Y“\ˆÁTˆ Ã[˝ÁT«ˆ_ EıÁ◊‹ôˆ _«hıÁC ◊≈y◊V„[˝*
\«ˆ]â¯„_ _«ä ]„XÁc˜ÁÃ[˝› Tˆ[˝ Y…LÁ,
ÂV[˝›* C„c˜ ÿëˆÁW˝›X ÿëˆÁW˝›X ◊ªK˜X« Â]ÁÃ[˝Á
Â^ G#¤ EıÁ„_ %EıÁ„_, [˝_ Tˆ„[˝ Â]Á„Ã[˝
Âc˜ ÿëˆÁW˝›X Â\ˆÁL LÁ◊Tˆ, ◊Eı ◊ªK˜„_ ÂTˆÁ]Ã[˝Á
[˝ßGTˆ Y«Ã[˝ÁEıÁ„_* [˝ßGTˆ aVÁ
]„wÔ¯Ó Y«Ã[˝ÁEıÁ_* ÿô«ˆ◊TˆYÁPÊı ÿëˆ\ˆÁ„[˝
[˝ à˘GS Y“ÁªJÙ›„XÃ[˝, ÿˆÇ ◊TˆÃ[˝Á„G TˆÁÃ[˝Á
Ã[˝„t ◊ªJÙy* Y‰QÕˆ ]„X Â^Ï[˝X CLÿëˆ›
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Âc˜„Ã[˝ Y„Ã[˝ Y◊_Tˆ ]…W˝ÔL \ˆG¬TˆX«
L›SÔ c˜÷◊V %a]UÔ Ã[˝\â-%ÁÿëˆÁ„V*
a[[˝Ô„VÁb %◊Tˆ Âÿoˆ„c˜ %ÁV–¤◊ªJÙw¯ ]«‰ªK˜
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AEıÁ„_, ÂaEıÁ„_ \ˆÁ„[˝ ◊ªK˜_cÕ XÁ, V«fF*
ÂaÁSÁÃ[˝ a]Ã^ ◊ªK˜_ Y«Ã[˝ÁTˆX ^«„G
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[˝ UÁ ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ]c˜ÁmS FÓÁ◊Tˆc˜›X YÁ‰y
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aVÁ ◊ªK˜X« E ıTˆ[˝∂ˆÇÔÁ* c˜ÁÃ^ ]≥V[˝«◊à˘!
]c˜Á[˝_ [˝e` ^„[˝ \ˆ›bS CL„a
V◊]_ ^ÁV[˝ ÂTˆLf, \ˆ›Tˆ ]U«Ã[˝ÁÃ^
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^Á„Ã[˝ ◊X≥V %Á◊L _H«[˝N˛Á a\ˆÁW˝Á„]*
Â^cÕ LÁ◊Tˆ ÂXT ˆ\ˆN˛ a+„V ◊[˝Y„V
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◊[˝LÃ^ Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝ TˆÁÃ[˝Á %◊F_ Y ◊U[˝›*
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◊X≥VÁ◊Y“Ã^ ÿëˆÁUÔ◊Y“Ã^ %[˝ÁW˝Ó =à˘Tˆ
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%Á„V` [˝c˜X ◊`„Ã[˝ %ac˜Ó* aEı◊_
ÂXTˆÁ, =¨JÙÿöˆÁX Y“ÁUfi aEı◊_ ^ÁV„[˝*
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Eı◊VX Ã[˝◊c˜„[˝ c˜ÁÃ^ ÂV[˝› ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁ
Âc˜X ÂV„`* H SÁ Eı„Ã[˝ %◊ÿöˆ„Ã[˝ È\ˆÃ[˝[˝›*

H SÁ Eı„Ã[˝ X›ªJÙÁ`„Ã^* a„[[˝ÔÁ¨JÙ GG„X
◊[˝ÿôˆÁ◊Ã[˝„Tˆ ]c˜ÁYl˘ \ˆÁ_[˝Á„a ÂV[˝›*
[˝Ã[˝e AcÕ Y“ÁUÔXÁ ÂV[˝TˆÁ-ªJÙÃ[˝„S
Eı◊Ã[˝ aVÁ, Â^X W˝„Ã[˝ V ªRÕÙ Eı„Ã[˝ LÁ◊Tˆ
E ıb’a] ◊XTˆÓ ÂEıÁX X Ã[˝÷Y› ÂV[˝TˆÁ,
LÁ◊Tˆ-„VÁb Ã[˝Á„F ªK˜Á◊Y, Y«„b LÁ◊TˆmS,
◊ªJÙÃ[˝ÿöˆÁÃ^› c˜[˝ Â]ÁÃ[˝Á ]c˜ÁXÀ \…ˆTˆ„_*
Y“èaÓ X„c˜ EıFX c˜÷V›„EıÃ[˝ =◊N˛
ÂTˆLÿëˆ› l˘◊≈y„Ã^Ã[˝ Eı„SÔ %`“Á[˝Ó* ]◊Ã[˝„[˝
AEıÁEı› ^ÁV[˝ `y”Y«„Ã[˝? %Á`Á◊aTˆ
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^Ác˜Á c˜„Tˆ H SÓ Âc˜X Â[˝Ã[˝”_ ]‹óˆSÁ*
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W[˝eacÕ LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ Ê`“Ã^f, X„c˜ %YEı›◊wÔ¯*
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◊Eı‹ô«ˆ %GSX Y“LÁ Y U« ªJÙ›X„V„`
Ã[˝”◊W˝„[˝ ^ÁV[˝G◊Tˆ* [˝ÁYW˝X, Â]ÁÃ[˝Á
X◊c˜ ]…FÔ aEı_cÕ ◊XÃ^‹ôˆÁ Y«Ã[˝›Ã[˝*
]«Ã[˝Á◊Ã[˝Ã[˝ mäV…Tˆ ÂZı„Ã[˝ ÂV„` ÂV„`
%Tˆ◊≥V–Tˆ, Â^X a…^ÔÓ, --- a[[˝ÔaÁl˘›-%◊G¬, ---
Âc˜„Ã[˝' Eı∂ˆÇÔ %YEı∂ˆÇÔ X„Ã[˝Ã[˝ \…ˆTˆ„_*
Y ◊U[˝›Ã[˝ V…Ã[˝ ÂEıÁ„S %Áa›X ]ÁW˝[˝,
◊Eı‹ô«ˆ XÁcÕ Âa Ã[˝cãÓ, XÁcÕ Âa ]‹óˆSÁ
mäV…„Tˆ E ıb’ ªJÙl«˘ ^Ác˜Á XÁcÕ Âc˜„Ã[˝,
mäV…„Tˆ E ıb’ EıSÔ ^Ác˜Á XÁcÕ £„X ---
%Tˆ◊≥V–Tˆ ÂGÁäÁ Â`Ï◊Ã[˝* LÁ◊XÃ^Á◊ªK˜, Y“LÁ
%a‹ô«ˆrÙ ªJÙ›X„V„`, ÂHÁ„Ã[˝ aVÁ ]„X
◊[˝‰V–Ác˜ [˝ÁaXÁ, mä a◊]◊Tˆ ac˜ÿÉˆ
LÁ„G %µ˘EıÁ„Ã[˝ Â^X ◊c˜eÿÉˆ Y£ [˝„X*
ªK˜Á◊QÕˆ„[˝ ªJÙ›„XÃ[˝Á Y‹öˆÁ, FÁVÓ [˝Áa\…ˆ◊]

◊V„[˝ Y«„Ã[˝ Y«„Ã[˝* ]„c˜ÁV◊W˝-Tˆ›Ã[˝[˝Áa›
]Ü_ TˆÃ[˝S› ◊V„[˝ Tˆ◊Ã[˝„Tˆ L_◊W˝,
^ÁcÕ„[˝ XÁ◊[˝Eı TˆÁÃ[˝Á VÁX[˝◊[˝„•„b*
TˆÁc˜Á ªK˜ÁQÕˆÁ LÁ◊XÃ^Á◊ªK˜ V ä ◊ªJÙÃ[˝L„Ã^
VÁX[˝* %◊Tˆ È[˝\ˆ„[˝, %Tˆ_ ◊[˝_Á„a
Q«ˆ◊[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜ [˝«◊à˘* _«‰ªRÙO Ã[˝ÁLÓW˝X ]‹óˆ›*
ÿëˆÁ„UÔ %UÔ„_Á„\ˆ Y‰ªJÙ c˜÷VÃ^ LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝,
%Á±¡-%◊\ˆ]ÁX ÂZı„_‰ªK˜ ◊ªJÙTˆÁÃ^* Èa„XÓ
XÁcÕ Â^ÁGÓ ÂaXÁY◊Tˆ* L›SÔ-„Vc˜-[˝«◊à˘
%l˘] Y◊_Tˆ„Eı`Á [˝ßÃ[˝„S ^ÁÃ[˝Á
ÈVTˆÓ, Y“◊Tˆ•≥•›-`…XÓÁ Eı◊Ã[˝_ W˝Ã[˝Á„Ã[˝*
X[˝›X ÂaXÁX› ^Tˆ ÂEı„X Â[˝‰ªJÙ TˆÁÃ[˝Á
VÁX[˝-„GÏÃ[˝[˝, YªªR«ÙO =d„EıÁªJÙ-◊[˝VÓÁÃ^,
X„c˜ [˝…Óc˜Ã[˝ªJÙXÁÃ^, X„c˜ ÈaXÓ^Á„X*
%TÂ[˝ =◊Pˆ Â]ÁÃ[˝Á \ˆ›] %◊\ˆ^Á„X
\ˆÁ◊Ü ÈVTˆÓ[˝_* ◊TˆX \ˆÁ„G ◊[˝Ã[˝Á◊L„[˝
◊[˝\ˆN˛ ^ÁV[˝ `◊N˛* ◊TˆX _l˘ ÈaXÓ
Â]ÁÃ[˝Á* AEı-_l˘-„XTˆÁ ◊[˝y‘Á‹ôˆ aÁÃ[˝S
Ã[˝◊l˘„[˝ A Y«Ã[˝› ◊XTˆÓ* AEı _l˘ ÂaXÁ
%ÁÿˆèıÁ◊_„[˝ [˝_Ã[˝Á] Â^X XG¬ %◊a
`y”]«„F %Á^ÔÓÁ[˝„wÔ¯, a„Ü ]c˜ÁÃ[˝U›
a]›Eı, a«W˝XüÁ, aÁ∂ëˆ, Eı·¯, ]„c˜bùÁa,
%XÁW˝ ◊rÙ* ÈVTˆÓ\…ˆ◊] ^Á„[˝ AEı _l˘
E ıb’X›TˆÁ ]c˜ÁªJÙ]…, Y“V«Ó∂oˆ, aÁTˆÓ◊Eı,
%µ˘Eı, a◊]◊TˆtÃ^, ªJÙÁÃ[˝”„Vb’ Â^Áà˘Á
E ıTˆ[˝∂ˆÇÔÁ =Ã[˝”◊Ld aÁÃ[˝S a«]XÁ
%y«‘Ã[˝, a«„aX, GV* %à˘¤-]Áa-FÁVÓ
◊X„[˝ ÈaXÓ T…ˆSÔªJÙ„y‘ YU[˝Ác˜›* %Á‰ªK˜
◊]yÃ[˝ÁLÓ Y„U, %Á‰ªK˜ cÕ≥V–Y“ÿöˆ, %Á‰ªK˜
YÁá˚Á_* ◊Tˆ[[˝Tˆ-Ã[˝ÁLÁ ÂFÁÃ[˝ÁEı C %`ü

◊V„[˝ ÛÁ aÁ„W˝Ó* Y„Ã[˝ Y U« ªJÙ›X„V„`
ÿëˆ¨K˜„≥V ÿëˆG „c˜ ÛÁ AEı Eıl˘ c˜‰ªTˆ
^ÁÃ^ %ÁÃ[˝ AEı Eı„l˘ W˝X[˝ÁX G c˜›*
]W˝«Ã[˝ VÁX[˝•›„Y =Tˆ◊Ã[˝„[˝ Â`„b
[˝Á◊c˜ %◊[˝Y~ ÂYÁ„Tˆ `Á‹ôˆ ]„c˜ÁV◊W˝*''
=w¯Ã[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝_ [˝ à˘ c˜÷V›Eı \…ˆYÁ„_*
""=G–„aX a[[˝ÔY…LÓ, X„c˜ %aÁ„W˝Ó„Tˆ
]c˜ÁÃ[˝êˆ Ê`“Ã^f, \ˆÁ◊[˝ ◊c˜TˆÁ„UÔ LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝
^«à˘ ◊X„b◊W˝X«* Tˆ„[˝ ^◊V LÁ„X Â`Ï◊Ã[˝
G…ªRÕÙ EıUÁ %_„l˘Ó [˝ à˘L„XÃ[˝, aÁW˝Ó
^◊V A V«õıÃ[˝ _l˘Ó, Ã[˝”◊W˝[˝ XÁ TˆÁ„Ã[˝*
ÂGÁäÁ ^V« a‹ôˆ◊TˆÃ[˝ AEı [˝Áa«„V[˝ Â`Ï◊Ã[˝*''
=w¯Ã[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝_ =◊Pˆ E ıb’ ]c˜Á^`Á*
""]c˜Áp˚ÁX› E ıTˆ[˝∂ˆÇÔÁ, ]X›b› c˜÷V›Eı
Âc˜◊Ã[˝ ªJÙÁ◊Ã[˝◊VEı p˚ÁX› aÁcã %ÁªJÙ„Ã[˝*
Y“ÁUÔX›Ã^ ]ÁX„[˝Ã[˝ `Á◊‹ôˆ, E ıTˆ[˝∂ˆÇÔÁ,
]Á◊X, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ XÁcÕ `Á◊‹ôˆ ]ÁX„[˝Ã[˝ \ˆÁ„GÓ*
cÕ¨K˜Á Eı„Ã[˝ ◊Eı Eı·¯ \ˆ◊L_ %`Á◊‹ôˆ
c˜÷V„Ã^ ]ÁX[˝? AEıÁ‹ôˆ Âa \ˆ„L `Á◊‹ôˆ*
Y“[˝_Á ◊XÃ^◊Tˆ ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ c˜÷◊V ]Á„Mı
◊Eı ◊XG…ªRÕÙÁ ]c˜Á`◊N˛ ÊPˆ„_ ]c˜Á[˝„_
Eı∂ˆÇÔ* Y“ÁS› ]Áy Â^ %_a \ˆ›Ã[˝”
%[˝„c˜„_, Âa ÊY“Ã[˝SÁ XÁcÕ ]«◊N˛ TˆÁÃ[˝
cÕc˜„_Á„Eı YÃ[˝„_Á„Eı V«[[˝Ô„_Ã[˝ Ê`“Ã^f
ÂEıÁUÁ L„G* H „S LQÕˆ a ◊rÙ, V„_ L›[˝
cÕc˜EıÁ„_, YÃ[˝EıÁ„_ Y“TˆÓÁFÓÁ„X aê…ˆ*
XÁcÕ %Á„Ã[˝Ác˜S Â^ÁG ÂaÁYÁ„X \ˆ›Ã[˝”Ã[˝,
◊[˝XÁ Â^Á„G %◊[˝„W˝Ã^ a~ÓÁa ]ÁX„[˝,
◊]UÓÁªJÙÁÃ[˝ ]Áy* V«cÕ ]ÁGÔ ]ÁX„[˝Ã[˝
Y“ªJÙÁ„Ã[˝ [˝–Á°˘S }Á‹ôˆ_l˘Ó Eı◊Ã[˝ Â_Á„Eı*

`Á◊‹ôˆ `Á◊‹ôˆ [˝„_ ÂEıc˜, `Á◊‹ôˆ \…ˆ]â¯„_,
AEıcÕ %Á`“Ã^ Eı∂ˆÇÔ ÂHÁbÁÃ^ %Y„Ã[˝*
◊Eı‹ô«ˆ Â^ Y“è„a `Á◊‹ôˆ £◊X„[˝ XÁ TˆÁ„Ã[˝,
◊]UÓÁ =◊N˛, [˝_c˜›X Eı„Ã[˝ Y“LÁG„S*
ÂEıÁUÁ `Á◊‹ôˆ AcÕ \ˆ„[˝? <`ü„Ã[˝cÕ `Á◊‹ôˆ*
^Tˆ◊VX \ˆ[˝„l˘‰y ◊[˝ªJÙÃ[˝, ]ÁX[˝,
Eı∂ˆÇÔ EıÃ[˝ aVÁ, FÁªRÙO %Tˆ◊≥V–Tˆ ]„X
◊XõıÁ] =„VÓÁ„G* a…^ÔÓ GG„X =◊VÃ^Á
Eı∂ˆÇÔ Eı◊Ã[˝ %Tˆ◊≥V–Tˆ \«ˆ[˝X %Á„_Á„Eı, ---
Eı∂ˆÇÔ[˝„_ %„c˜ÁÃ[˝Áy› ◊[˝W˝ÁX Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á
ªJÙÃ[˝ÁªJÙÃ[˝ [˝µ«˘ ◊VXEıÃ[˝ ]c˜Á„TˆL›*
%Tˆ◊≥V–Tˆ =„V ªJÙ≥V– `›Tˆ_ ◊EıÃ[˝„S,
%Tˆ◊≥V–Tˆ \ˆÁ„Tˆ TˆÁÃ[˝Á %µ˘ X\ˆÿôˆ„_*
%Tˆ◊≥V–Tˆ ªK«˜‰ªRÙO [˝ÁÃ^« Âÿëˆ¨K˜ÁÃ^ }◊]Ã^Á
ÂHÁb]ÁS ]ÁTˆ◊Ã[˝`üÁ %a›] %ÁEıÁ„`*
Eı∂ˆÇÔ[˝„_ \ˆÁ„Tˆ ÿëˆ„GÔ %aeFÓ ÂV[˝TˆÁ
Eı∂ˆÇÔ[˝„_ aä @◊b \ˆÁ„Tˆ %‹ôˆÃ[˝›„l˘*
Eı∂ˆÇÔ[˝„_ [˝„c˜ Y…TˆÁ T«ˆ◊b„Tˆ ]ÁX„[˝
ÿëˆÁV« a«`›Tˆ_ X›„Ã[˝ TˆÃ[˝◊ÜX› XV›*
H«◊Ã[˝Ã^Á Y ◊U[˝› ÂV[˝› %XÁ`“Ã^ `…„XÓ
Eı∂ˆÇÔ[˝„_ X„c˜ ◊zırÙ A ]c˜d \ˆÁ„Ã[˝*
Eı∂ˆÇÔ[˝„_ a[[˝Ôa«F TˆÓ◊LÃ^Á [˝Áa[˝
a]TˆÁ ◊Tˆ◊Tˆl˘Á W˝∂ˆÇÔ %ÁªJÙ◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ÂTˆ„L
a«„Ã[˝`üÃ[˝ %ÁFâ¯_ V„êˆÁ_› ◊X„l˘Y›
◊VGΩâ¯_ XÁVÁcÕÃ^Á GGX %Á„_Á„Eı,
[˝bÔÁÃ^ Â]◊VX›[˝„l˘ àÓÁ„UÔ ◊c˜ÍTˆb›*
Eı∂ˆÇÔ[˝„_ l˘yW˝∂ˆÇÔ l˘◊≈yÃ^ %ÁªJÙ„Ã[˝*
◊Xõı∂ˆÇÔÁ [˝◊aÃ^Á G „c˜ Â^ ]ÁX[˝ \ˆÁ„[˝
`Á‹ôˆ Ã[˝[˝ ÂEıÁ„S Y◊QÕˆ, l˘◊]„[˝ %Ã[˝Á◊Tˆ,
%◊Tˆ}Á‹ôˆ ÂacÕ* [˝gÁ‰ªJÙ Â^ Ÿ[˝◊W˝_ %Á„G

%◊Ã[˝[˝l˘f* XÁ %Áy‘◊] ]◊L„[˝ %Áy‘Á‹ôˆ
Y“E ı◊Tˆ ◊XÃ^] LÁX TˆÁ„Ã[˝ ÂEı _e„H*
◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ÂEıÁUÁ ÿöˆÁ◊Ã^±ºˆ ]wÔ¯Ó \…ˆ]â¯„_*
[˝Á‰QÕˆ ÂEıc˜, Eı„] ÂEıc˜, XÁ◊c˜ Ã[˝„c˜ ÿöˆÁÃ^›*
%TÂ[˝ Â^ XÁ [˝Á‰QÕˆ, Eı◊]„[˝ ◊X∏JÙÃ^,
E ıTˆ[˝∂ˆÇÔÁ* y…‘Ã[˝ `y” VÁa TˆÁ„Ã[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝
FÁªRÙOÁ„[˝ [˝◊W˝Ã^Á `◊N˛, Q«ˆ[˝Á„[˝ ◊Xú«ˆÃ[˝
a[[˝Ôa«F y‘„]* ◊Y“Ã^ \ˆÁ^ÔÓÁY«y a„Ü
T«ˆ◊_„[˝ a◊__ E«ı„â¯ Y„Ã[˝Ã[˝ a«FÁ„UÔ
[˝◊c˜„[˝ %\ˆÁGÁ \ˆÁÃ[˝Ã[˝Á◊` Y“\«ˆ %„UÔ
ªJÙ◊b„[˝ ◊Y“Ã^ ÿëˆ„l˘y* AÃ[˝ ÊªJÙ„Ã^ Eıc˜
◊Eı %ac˜Ó ◊Eı ◊Xú«ˆÃ[˝ \ˆÁGÓ \…ˆ]â¯„_*
c˜Tˆ c˜„[˝ Y«yGS Ã[˝ÁL]Á„GÔ, FQÕG
XÁ T«ˆ◊_„_ VÁa* Â\ˆÁGÓÁ c˜„[˝ \ˆ◊GX› \ˆÁ^ÔÓÁ
ÂLTˆÁÃ[˝* Âc˜◊Ã[˝„[˝ Âa ÿëˆªJÙ„l˘, XÁ %Áy‘◊]„[˝ ÂGÁ_Á] W˝bÔ„Eı*
◊Eı‹ô«ˆ [˝„_ ÂEıc˜ ^ÁÃ[˝ VÃ^ÁY…SÔ =◊N˛
Y…„L %à˘¤ AcÕ XÃ[˝LÁ◊Tˆ ""YÁY› %◊Ã[˝c˜‹ôˆÁ %W˝›„Ã[˝
YÁY› ^ÁÃ[˝ c˜ÁTˆ Ã[˝„N˛ Eı_«◊bTˆ Ã[˝„S,
]Á„Ã[˝ ^◊V `y”, Âcg˜ªRÙO ]ÁUÁ Eıc˜ TˆÁ„Ã[˝
Y«Xf ]ÁÃ[˝ Â]Á„Ã[˝, [˝µ«˘* cÕc˜Á W˝∂ˆÇÔ cÕc˜Á
◊Y“Ã^ <`ü„Ã[˝Ã[˝*'' c˜ÁÃ^ VÃ^Á[˝ÁX ]X«,
]«„F [˝„_ cÕc˜Á aTˆÓ, ÂEı %ÁªJÙ„Ã[˝ EıÁ„^ÔÓ*
Âc˜ ◊[˝]…ªRÕÙ XÃ[˝GS, %\ˆ›◊¥aTˆ ^◊V
◊XÃ[˝›c˜TˆÁ <`ü„Ã[˝Ã[˝, a[[˝Ôp˚ ◊XÃ^‹ôˆÁ
VÁa c˜„Tˆ ^◊V a „L ÊTˆLÿëˆ› ]ÁX„[˝
[˝Á◊QÕˆTˆ a«mS VÁ„aÓ* ◊[˝YÃ[˝›Tˆ Zı_
\ˆ„[˝ ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ Âc˜◊Ã[˝* AEı◊V„XÃ[˝ VÁa„±ºˆ
]X«bÓ±ºˆ ^ÁÃ^ ªJÙ◊_ ◊X‰∏JÙrÙ VÁ„aÃ[˝*
◊X≥VÁ◊Y“Ã^ ◊]UÓÁ[˝ÁV› EıÁY«Ã[˝”b W˝…wÔ¯
a[[˝Ô„VÁb L„XΩ y‘„]* ◊[˝úˆÁÃ[˝ E ı◊]

◊[˝úˆÁ \ˆÁ_[˝Á„a* cÕrÙ„V[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝ ÂV„c˜
a«FÿëˆÁUÔ Fg«„L aVÁ* AEıTˆÁ, a„[[˝ÔÁ¨JÙ
]X«bÓ±ºˆ ^Ác˜Á ]„wÔ¯Ó, ]„L ÂacÕ Y„·¯*
◊[˝Ã[˝_ Y“◊Tˆ\ˆÁ L„XΩ VÁa›\…ˆTˆ ÂV„`
◊XÃ[˝›c˜ XÁ \«ˆ„t Eı\«ˆ ]c˜√º¯* a«◊Y“Ã^
X„c˜ <`ü„Ã[˝Ã[˝ Eı\«ˆ VÁa„±ºˆ ◊X[˝ Ô≈◊Tˆ*
Eı∂ˆÇÔ„_Á\ˆ› =¨JÙ]XÁ ]c˜√º¯ Y“Ã^Áa›
a ◊L_ ◊XÃ^‹ôˆÁ X„Ã[˝* =Pˆ, E ıTˆ[˝∂ˆÇÔÁ,
%ÁÃ[˝ AEı[˝ÁÃ[˝ ^«„à˘ Y◊` ÂVÒÁ„c˜, Ã[˝SaFÁ,
ac˜ÁÃ^ ◊[˝L„Ã^ Tˆ›[˝– ÂTˆL◊ÿëˆTˆÁ ^«„à˘
V`ÔÁC, aÁcã› Â^Áà˘Á ÂEı ÂXTˆÁ LÁ◊TˆÃ[˝
[˝ UÁ ÂEıX Âa ◊[˝[˝Á„V* ]c˜Á^` ÂXTˆÁ
^ÁV„[˝Ã[˝, W˝∂ˆÇÔ ÂXTˆÁ ]‹óˆ„S %Ác˜„[˝*
[˝ß◊VX `Á◊‹ôˆ Y«„Ã[˝ ◊[˝Ã[˝Á◊L_* Y«Xf
a«]c˜d ÂV[˝Eı∂ˆÇÔ QˆÁ◊Eı_ a]„Ã[˝
[˝ß_-%ÁÃ^Áa› LÁ◊Tˆ* ◊XÃ[˝a %Á_„aÓ
◊Xõı∂ˆÇÔÁ Y◊ªJÙ„Tˆ %Á^ÔÓ LX„] XÁ Eı\«ˆ
^Tˆl˘S %Á„_Á ÂX‰y, Eı∂ˆÇÔ Eı◊Ã[˝ Â]ÁÃ[˝Á*
Ã[˝LX› %Á◊a‰ªK˜ `›H–, Y“GÁªRÕÙ ◊XV–ÁÃ^
◊[˝`“Á] _◊\ˆ[˝ Y◊QÕˆ LXX›Ã[˝ ÂEıÁ„_*''
Eı◊c˜_ ]ÁW˝[˝* Y U«ªJÙÁÃ[˝› ]c˜ÁXÁ„V
[˝ÁFÁ◊X_ E ıb’ =◊N˛ ÂaÏÃ[˝„aX a\ˆÁ
a]Ã[˝ ={Á„a* =‰Pˆ %ÁXEıV«≥V«◊\ˆ
`…Ã[˝Y«y ]c˜ÁÃ[˝U› ^V«a\ˆÁG „c˜*
""=G–„aX ^V«Ã[˝ÁLÁ, G–◊c˜Ã^Á‰ªK˜ =◊N˛
ÂaÏÃ[˝„aX Ã[˝U›GS a+…SÔ a\ˆÁÃ^*
VÁC %X«]◊Tˆ, X Y, ^«à˘Á„UÔ Ã[˝U›Ã[˝Á
Y“S◊] ◊[˝VÁÃ^ ◊X„[˝ ◊YT ˆGSYÁ„V*
^ÁC, ^«[˝Á; =¨JÙ◊`Ã[˝ ]ÁTˆÁÃ[˝ ªJÙÃ[˝„S
Eıc˜ Ã[˝Á◊F %Á◊à, LXX› ^Á[˝ ^«„à˘

c˜Á◊a ]«„F %X«p˚ÁY, ÿëˆ„V` Eı_ÓÁS
aÁ◊W˝„Tˆ ÿëˆÃ[˝„N˛* ^ÁC ÂY“ÏªRÕÙ ]c˜ÁÃ[˝U›,
[˝Á„_ÓÃ[˝ a◊ÜX›, Â^Ï[˝„XÃ[˝ aF› G „c˜
%]ÁTˆÓ ÂY“ÏªRÕÙÁ[˝ÿöˆÁÃ^, Eıc˜ c˜ÁTˆ W˝◊Ã[˝
"^ÁcÕ[˝, L›◊[˝Tˆ ]], V…Ã[˝„V` ^«„à˘*
_\ˆ ^◊V Ã[˝„S G◊Tˆ; Y“`Á‹ôˆ ]ÁX„a
Ã[˝c˜ G „c˜, Y«yG„S YÁ_, %Á]Á„VÃ[˝
Âa Y“SÃ^ %X`üÃ[˝, aÁ‹ôˆùX [˝ à˘ ]ÁTˆÁ„Ã[˝;
◊YT ˆ]«F ÿˆÇ◊Ã[˝ aVÁ; ◊YT ˆYV ◊ªJÙc˜‘
◊`FÁC %X«a◊Ã[˝„Tˆ ^ÁV[˝ a‹ôˆ◊Tˆ*
cÕ≥V–◊aec˜ÁaX Ã[˝◊`Ω-„VÓÁ◊TˆTˆ X≥V„X
c˜cÕ„[˝ aÁl˘Ád Y«Xf, [˝›Ã[˝LÁÃ^Á ÂV[˝›*'
%ÁX„≥VÃ[˝ ◊VX %Á◊L •Á◊Ã[˝EıÁ XG„Ã[˝
W˝∂ˆÇÔ^«„à˘ ^ÁcÕ„[˝ Ã[˝U›Ã[˝Á* =Pˆ, X Y
Y“Tˆ›l˘Á Eı◊Ã[˝‰ªK˜ %Áp˚Á ÂaÏÃ[˝„aX-LÁ◊Tˆ*''
=◊Pˆ_ ÿöˆ◊[˝Ã[˝ Â^X Y[[˝ÔTˆ a\ˆÁ„Tˆ
=G–„aX ]c˜ÁEıÁÃ^* `Tˆ-^«à˘-aÜ›
\ˆ›] %◊a =_◊ÜÃ^Á ÂZı◊__ \…ˆTˆ„_*
MıXÀMı◊X_ ◊[˝FÓÁTˆ %ÿóˆ Â^X c˜„bÔ* ÂHÁ◊b
=◊Pˆ_ ^ÁV[˝ a\ˆÁ =Ã[˝” ◊aec˜XÁ„V
^«à˘ ^«à˘ ßeEıÁ◊Ã[˝_ ^ÁV[˝ ]Á◊TˆÃ^Á,
[˝ÁLÁcÕÃ^Á %◊a ÂEıÁ„`* %ÿóˆ Mıu˙XÁ‰ªRÙO
c˜Ã[˝ [˝[˝∂ëˆ]-„Ã[˝Á„_ Y…◊Ã[˝_ XGÃ[˝›,
◊`c˜◊Ã[˝_ %ÁEıÁ` %Á„^ÔÓÃ[˝ ◊aec˜XÁ„V*
=◊Pˆ‰ªK˜ =à˘[˝ ]‹óˆ›, =◊Pˆ‰ªK˜ c˜÷V›Eı,
E ıb’ [˝_Ã[˝Á] GV, =◊Pˆ‰ªK˜ aÁTˆÓ◊Eı*
\ˆÁ◊Ü_ ]c˜Tˆ› a\ˆÁ •Á◊Ã[˝EıÁ XG„Ã[˝*
cÕ◊Tˆ =bÁc˜Ã[˝SEıÁ„[˝Ó a\ˆÁXÁ] %rÙ] aGÔ a]Áä*
Y◊Ã[˝◊`rÙ
◊ªK˜~Áe`
\ˆG[˝ÁX aXΩÃ^, ◊ªJÙXΩÃ^, %ÁX≥V]Ã^, a◊¨JÙVÁX≥VcÕ aXÁTˆX aw¯ÁÃ[˝ aXÁTˆX aTˆÓ,
a◊¨JÙVÁX≥VcÕ LG„TˆÃ[˝ =da, LG„TˆÃ[˝ EıÁÃ[˝S, LG„TˆÃ[˝ Y“E ıTˆ ÿëˆ\ˆÁ[˝, mä %UÔ...*
*
◊X◊F_ %W˝ÓÁ±¡ a„TˆÓÃ[˝ a…^ÔÓ◊EıÃ[˝SÿëˆÃ[˝÷Y ]c˜›Ãâ› `“”◊Tˆ =Y◊XbVcÕ %Á◊V

Y◊Ã[˝Y…SÔ Y“E ıTˆ Â[˝VÁ‹ôˆ* Â^ Y“◊aà˘ V`ÔX ÂacÕ XÁ„] p˚ÁTˆ, ÂaªRÙOÁ AcÕ ]c˜›Ã^ÁX
Â[˝VÁ„‹ôˆÃ[˝ AEı◊VEı ]Áy _cÕÃ^Á Ã[˝◊ªJÙTˆ, ]X«bÓ [˝«◊à˘Ã[˝ ◊X◊∂ˆÇÔTˆ, [˝«◊à˘Ã[˝ %µ˘EıÁ„Ã[˝
Ã[˝±ÛˆÿëˆÃ[˝÷Y1 Â[˝VÁ‹ôˆV`ÔX V`ÔX ◊c˜„a„[˝ AEıªRÙO› ]c˜Á]…_Ó a ◊rÙ, TÛÁ◊Y V`ÔXcÕ %Á◊V
%Áa_ Â[˝VÁ‹ôˆ XÃ^* a…^ÓÔ ^◊V =VÃ^ c˜^Ã , Y“V›„YÃ[˝ %ÁÃ[˝ Y“„^Ã ÁLX XÁc˜,O =YEıÁ◊Ã[˝TˆÁC
XÁcÕ*
*
]ÁÃ^Á Y“E ı◊Tˆ `◊N˛ _›_Á

]ÁÃ^Á, ]ÁÃ^Á %X[˝Ã[˝Tˆ [˝_* AcÕ ]ÁÃ^Á ◊Eı --- TˆÁc˜Á AEı[˝ÁÃ[˝ Tˆ_ÁcÕÃ^Á %[˝W˝ÁÃ[˝S
Eı◊Ã[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÊªJÙrÙÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„[˝ ◊Eı? EıUÁÃ[˝ VÁa %Á]Ã[˝Á %W˝ÓÁ±¡[˝Á„VÃ[˝ [˝«◊_ Â`FÁ ◊ªRÙOÃ^ÁYÁF›,
AEı[˝ÁÃ[˝ ]X«„bÓÃ[˝ ÿëˆÁW˝›X [˝«◊à˘„Tˆ Â`FÁ `„åÃ[˝ ◊YªK˜„X %Áa_ [˝ÿô«ˆªRÙO› ◊Eı, V`Ô„XÃ[˝
EıUÁÃ[˝ EıÁªRÙOÁEıÁ◊ªRÙO TˆÓÁG Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á Y“E ıTˆ %X«\…ˆ◊Tˆ ◊Eı TˆÁc˜Á AEı[˝ÁÃ[˝ Tˆ_ÁcÕÃ^Á ÂVFÁ
\ˆÁ_*
ÂTˆÁ]Ã[˝Á [˝_, LGd ]ÁÃ^Á, ^Ác˜Á ]ÁÃ^ÁY“aT… ˆ TˆÁc˜Á %_›Eı, TˆÁc˜Á[Ã ˝ aTˆÓ [˝Áÿôˆ◊[˝EıTˆÁ
XÁcÕ* LGd ^V«Eı„Ã[˝Ã[˝ Â\ˆíı›, LGd ◊[˝E ıTˆ ]◊ÿôˆ„õıÃ[˝ V«fÿëˆY¬*
*
]X«bÓ L„XΩÃ[˝ %UÔ C =„Å`Ó ◊Eı, ]X«„bÓÃ[˝ ªJÙÃ[˝] =~◊Tˆ ◊Eı„a„Tˆ ◊aà˘ c˜Ã^, ÂEıX
\ˆG[˝ÁX AcÕÃ[˝÷Y LGd a ◊rÙ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á %X‹ôÊıÁ_ [˝ÓÁ◊YÃ^Á %ÁX≥V_Á\ˆ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜X
AcÕ c˜c˜_O Y“`*¬ =w¯[Ã ˝ --- LGd \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ XÁXÁÃ[˝÷Y %Á±¡„GÁYX C %Á±¡Y“EıÁ„`Ã[˝
Âl˘y, ÂacÕ %ÁX≥VcÕ LG„Tˆ[Ã ˝ Âc˜Tˆ« * AcÕ %Á±¡◊[˝EıÁ` LG„Tˆ Y ◊U[˝›„Tˆ y‘]◊[˝EıÁ`
Ã[˝÷Y W˝ÁÃ[˝S Eı„Ã[˝, ]X«bÓL›[˝X ÂacÕ y‘]◊[˝EıÁ„`Ã[˝ ÂEı≥V– C ^‹óˆ, cÕc˜ÁcÕ ]X«bÓ
1 %◊X◊∏JÙTˆ YÁPˆ
L„XΩÃ[˝ %UÔ C =„Å`Ó* %Á±¡[˝ÁX c˜CÃ^Á, \ˆG[˝ÁX„Eı YÁCÃ^Á C ◊X„LÃ[˝ ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝Ã[˝

_«hıÁ◊Ã^Tˆ ÂV[˝±ºˆ Y“EıÁ`, ]X«„bÓÃ[˝ ªJÙÃ[˝] ◊a◊à˘Ã[˝ Y‹öˆÁ* %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ AcÕ ◊TˆXªRÙO› AEı a…‰y
G–◊UTˆ, ]X«„bÓÃ[˝ ]X-Y“ÁS-`Ã[˝›„Ã[˝ \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ %Á±¡◊[˝EıÁ„`Ã[˝ ◊≈y◊[˝W˝ TÛÓ* Â^
]ÁX«b %Á±¡[˝ÁX c˜Ã^◊X, Âa \ˆG[˝ÁX„Eı YÁÃ^XÁ, Â^ \ˆG[˝ÁX„Eı YÁÃ^◊X TˆÁÃ[˝ Y„l˘
◊X„LÃ[˝ ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ÂV[˝±ºˆ Y“EıÁ` EıÃ[˝ÁÃ[˝ V«Ã[˝ÁEıÁIl˘Á %ÁEıÁÈ«ıa«] ÂZıÁªRÙOÁ„XÁÃ[˝ EıîXÁ
]Áy*
*
%`ü %Ác˜Tˆ, ÿëˆÃê %Ác˜Tˆ, `Ã[˝›Ã[˝ %[˝a~, ÂÿëˆV◊aN˛ _ÁGÁ] Ã[˝N˛ÁN˛ Eı„_[˝Ã[˝
---- GÁ◊Ã[˝[˝Á∑Qˆ›Ã^ Èa◊XEı _«◊ªJÙ„Ã^Á Eı_ ]‰‹ôˆ ÊªJÙ_À„aÁÃ[˝ [˝ l˘Ã[˝ÁL› a·«¯_ [˝ÁÃ^«„a◊[˝Tˆ
◊`F„Ã[˝ V–”TˆG◊Tˆ UÁ]ÁcÕÃ^Á AEı[˝ÁÃ[˝ Y∏JÙÁ◊Å„Eı Tˆ›©¬˘ V ◊rÙ ◊X„l˘Y Eı◊Ã[˝_* Â^
%◊ÿóˆÃ^ %`üÁ„Ã[˝Ác˜›GS aEıÁ_ c˜cÕ„Tˆ TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Y∏JÙÁd W˝◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜_, =YTˆÓEıÁÃ[˝ YÃ[˝-
YÁ`üÔ◊ÿöˆTˆ Y[[˝Ô„TˆÃ[˝ GÁ„Ã^ TˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ a[˝«L ÂYÁbÁEı a…^ÔÓ◊EıÃ[˝„S Mı_À]_ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ‰ªK˜,
TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á =YTˆÓEıÁÃ^ XÁ◊]„Tˆ‰ªK˜ ]Áy* ÂacÕ H ◊STˆ a[˝«L aÁ„LÃ[˝ V`Ô„X Eı_~ÁÃ[˝
%[˝a~ ÂXy•„Ã^ ◊[˝„•„bÃ[˝ %◊G¬ Lù◊_Ã^Á =◊Pˆ_* a„LÁ„Ã[˝ a„Ã[˝Á„b ◊L„X TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝
[˝à˘]«◊rÙ ]Á◊Ã[˝_, Â^X ◊XYÁ◊TˆTˆ `y”Ã[˝ GÁ„Ã^ FQÕG c˜Á◊X„Tˆ‰ªK˜* TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Y„Ã[˝ ªJÙl«˘
T«ˆ◊_Ã^Á Â^ Y[[˝ÔTˆ◊`F„Ã[˝ a«V…„Ã[˝ ÿëˆÁW˝›X aÁX]ÁÃ[˝›„XÁÃ[˝ Â`üTˆ c˜∂ˆÇÔÓm◊_ ÂVFÁ ÂVÃ^ -
--- Â^X cÕTˆÁ_›Ã[˝ ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁW[˝LÁ cÕTˆÁ_›Ã[˝ a«X›_ %ÁEıÁ„` =ØQˆ›Ã^]ÁX, Â^X
LXΩ\…ˆ◊]Ã[˝ Â`b ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁ◊ªJÙc˜‘ Y“LÁTˆ‹óˆ› aÁX]ÁÃ[˝›„XÁ ]Ád◊Mı◊XÃ[˝ ◊`bÓ GÁ◊Ã[˝[˝Á◊∑QˆÃ[˝
Èa◊XEı YÃ[˝Á◊LTˆ ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁ Y“Ã^Áa›„Eı QˆÁ◊Eı„Tˆ ªJÙÁÃ^, ÂEıÁ„_ ªRÙOÁ◊X„Tˆ ªJÙÁÃ^, --- ÂacÕ
Y◊[˝y Y[[˝Ô„TˆÃ[˝ ◊V„Eı ªJÙÁ◊c˜_, V›HÔEıÁ_ aT ˆb’ V ◊rÙ ÂacÕ Â`üTˆ c˜∂ˆÇÔÓm◊_Ã[˝ =YÃ[˝
%Á[˝à˘ Ã[˝◊c˜_* Â`„b V›HÔ◊Xf`üÁa ÂZı◊_Ã^Á Eı_~Á ]«F ◊ZıÃ[˝ÁcÕÃ^Á aÁX]ÁÃ[˝›„XÁÃ[˝
EıÁ‰ªK˜ L›[˝„XÃ[˝ %Á`ÁÃ[˝ EıÁ‰ªK˜ ◊ªJÙÃ[˝◊[˝VÁÃ^ _cÕ_* ÂHÁQÕˆÁ %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ ªJÙ◊_„Tˆ _Á◊G_*
l˘TˆÿöˆÁ„XÃ[˝ Ã[˝N˛‰ÿÉˆÁ„Tˆ Â`b Y“ÁS[˝ÁÃ^« ◊XGÔTˆ c˜cÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜, %UªJÙ Y“\«ˆÃ[˝ @S Â`ÁW˝
Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ _«◊ªJÙ„Ã^Á Eı_~ÁÃ[˝ ◊Y“Ã^ \ˆ◊GX›Ã[˝ %ÁVÃ[˝ C aEıÁ_„[˝_Á C aµ˘ÓÁ„[˝_ÁÃ^
◊ªJÙÃ[˝Y“Vw¯ ◊ªJÙ◊XÃ[˝ ÂGÁ_Á„Eı ÿˆÇÃ[˝S Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ÂTˆLÿëˆ› %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ a„[˝„G ªJÙ◊__* ÂacÕ
\ˆ◊GX› %ÁL ÂÃ[˝Á] XGÃ[˝›„Tˆ AEıªRÙO› =¨JÙ Y“ÁaÁ„VÃ[˝... LÁXÁ_ÁÃ^ [˝◊aÃ^Á ÂÃ[˝Á]ÁXÓÁÃ[˝
◊V„Eı ªJÙÁ◊c˜„Tˆ‰ªK˜* ÂÃ[˝Á„] `Ã[˝›Ã[˝, ]X ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ◊[˝Y~ \ˆÁ„Ã^Ã[˝ aÜ› c˜cÕÃ^Á Y[[˝Ô„Tˆ
LÜ„_ ÂHÁ„Ã[˝, %ÁÃ[˝ ◊V„X V«cÕ„[˝_Á \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ ◊aec˜ÁaXTˆ„_ EıÃ[˝”Sÿëˆ„Ã[˝ \ˆÁ„Ã^Ã[˝
Y“ÁS◊\ˆl˘Á ªJÙÁÃ^* c˜ÁÃ^ Y“\«ˆ\ˆN˛, TˆÁÃ[˝ V–”TˆG◊Tˆ c˜cÕ„Tˆ %V ‰rÙÃ[˝ G◊Tˆ V–”TˆTˆÃ[˝*
◊ªK˜~Áe` 649
YXÃ[˝ ◊]◊XªRÙO YÃ[˝ ÂHÁQÕˆÁ Y[[˝ÔTˆ Tˆ„_ Yßg‰ªJÙ ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ◊Xf`üÁa HX HX
◊Xf`üÁa, ]≥V›\…ˆTˆG◊Tˆ C %V ªRÕÙ YV◊X„l˘„Y Eı_~Á [˝«◊Mı„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝_ TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ◊[˝`üÁa›
\ ˆ„TˆÓÃ[˝ %ÁÃ^« AcÕ ]«c…˜„wÔ¯ Â`b c˜cÕ_, cÕc˜ÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó `y” ]‰‹ôˆ ÊªJÙ_À„aÁÃ[˝ CcÕ YÁ„Ã[˝
=◊Pˆ„Tˆ‰ªK˜, %ÁÃ[˝ YÁ_ÁcÕ[˝ÁÃ[˝ =YÁÃ^ XÁcÕ, ◊Tˆ◊X ªJÙÁ◊Ã[˝◊V„Eı ªJÙÁ◊c˜„_X* Y„UÃ[˝ V«cÕW˝Á„Ã[˝
◊`_ÁFâ¯ ...
[AEı◊ªRÙO
◊[˝◊l˘ä %e`]
""LÃ^ LXX› cÕTˆÁ◊_Ã^Á!'' cÕTˆÁ_›Ã[˝ ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁÃ[˝ ◊aec˜XÁV ÿëˆÃ[˝÷Y ]‰‹ôˆ ÊªJÙ_À„aÁÃ[˝
È`_Y“ÿöˆTˆÁ Y“◊TˆW[˝◊X \ˆ›]Eı„¢ˆ =w¯Ã[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝_, ""LÃ^ LXX› cÕTˆÁ◊_Ã^Á!''
*
Eı„Ã[˝Á„TˆÁÃ^ÁÃ[˝ [˝SÔXÁ
[˝Ü„V„`Ã[˝ Y◊∏JÙ]Y“Á‹ôˆÿöˆ Y[[˝ÔTˆY“„V„` V«cÕ◊ªRÙO ◊X◊[˝QÕˆ[˝XÁ[˝ Tˆ Y[[˝ÔTˆ‰`“S›Ã[˝
]W˝ÓÿöˆÁX›Ã^ =YTˆÓEıÁÃ^ ◊l˘Y“GÁ◊]X› [˝ßEı_Eı_ÿëˆÃ[˝]«F◊Ã[˝TˆÁ Eı„Ã[˝Á„TˆÁÃ^Á XV› l«˘V–
ªJÙá˚_G◊Tˆ [˝Á◊_EıÁÃ[˝ XÓÁÃ^ Âc˜◊_„Tˆ V«◊_„Tˆ c˜Á◊a„Tˆ ÂF◊_„Tˆ V◊l˘S ◊V„Eı %G–aÃ[˝
c˜Ã^* AcÕ =Y„_ =◊PˆÃ^Á [˝◊a_, AcÕ AEı _„∂ˆèı XÁ◊]_, AcÕ TˆªRÙOÿöˆ [˝ „l˘Ã[˝
`ÓÁ]ªJÙÃ[˝„S ªJÙQÕˆ ]Á◊Ã[˝Ã^Á YÁ_ÁcÕ_, AcÕÃ[˝÷Y %„`b [˝Á_Óa«_\ˆ y‘›QÕˆÁ ÂEıÏT«ˆ„EıÃ[˝
Y„Ã[˝ Â`„b Â^X V…„Ã[˝ LXX›Ã[˝ ]W˝«Ã[˝ %Á[˝Ác˜X £◊X_* c˜PˆÁd =YTˆÓEıÁ c˜cÕ„Tˆ
◊XfaÃ[˝S Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ]Á GÜÁÃ[˝ Y◊[˝y Âÿoˆc˜]Ã^ Ây‘Á‰QÕˆÃ[˝ =„Å„`Ó GÁcÕ„Tˆ GÁcÕ„Tˆ ªK«˜◊ªRÙOÃ^Á
^ÁÃ^*
Eı„Ã[˝Á„TˆÁÃ^ÁÃ[˝ =YTˆÓEıÁ %„XEı Y◊Ã[˝]Á„S ◊XEıªRÙO[˝w¯fi a]ÁX \…ˆ◊] c˜cÕ„Tˆ ÿëˆTˆ‹ó
LGd [˝_Á ^ÁÃ^* =¨JÙ Y[[˝ÔTˆY“ÁªJÙ›„Ã[˝ %Á[˝à˘ Y“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝ ◊XMıÔÃ[˝ ae^«N˛1 Ã[˝]S›Ã^
y‘›QÕˆÁÿöˆ_, Y[˝XY…Tˆ ÿëˆ¨Kã◊__◊aN˛ Y…LÁ G c˜* ◊[˝_„∂ëˆ a…„^ÔÓÁVÃ^, %EıÁ„_ %ÿôˆ*
%◊TˆV›HÔ Y“\ˆÁTÊıÁ„_ LG„TˆÃ[˝ ^«G[˝ÓÁY› %Á◊[˝\ˆ¤Á[˝, %◊TˆV›HÔ ÂGÁW˝…◊_a]Ã^ ÂacÕ
[˝ à˘ Â^ÁG]G¬ LG„TˆÃ[˝ ^«G[˝ÓÁY› `Á‹ôˆ %[˝aÁX Â^X Y“◊Tˆ◊VX =Y_◊ç˘ c˜Ã^*
%„c˜ÁÃ[˝Áy› [˝„XÃ[˝ =¨nº˜Áa]∂ˆÇÔÃ[˝Y…SÔ c˜◊Ã[˝TˆYy◊X◊[˝QÕˆ %‹ôˆfÿöˆ„_ Y[˝„XÃ[˝ Gêˆ›Ã[˝ ]c˜d-
`Á‹ôˆ\ˆÁ[˝Á±¡Eı %◊[˝Ã[˝Á] [˝–°˘GÁUÁ, %„c˜ÁÃ[˝Áy› ◊X∂oˆ\…ˆ◊]Ã[˝ ÿëˆ¨K˜ =Y„_ ◊XMıÔ◊Ã[˝S›Ã[˝
]∂ˆÇÔ[˝ÓÁY› %UªJÙ ◊ÿoˆÑ˘ a«FEıÃ[˝ ◊XXÁV, %„c˜ÁÃ[˝Áy =YTˆÓEıÁÃ[˝ ]W˝Ó\ˆÁ„G Eı„Ã[˝Á„TˆÁÃ^ÁÃ[˝

] V«TˆÃ[˝Üa·«¯_ ◊[˝`“Á]c˜›X c˜Á◊a„F_Á* =YTˆÓEıÁÃ[˝ L›[˝X `å]Ã^ %UªJÙ ÂEıÁ_Ác˜_
XÁcÕ* ÂacÕ =¨JÙ %ªJÙ_ Y[[˝ÔTˆ‰`“S› C ◊X◊[˝QÕˆ Ã[˝cãÓW˝ÓÁX]G¬ [˝XÃ[˝ÁL›Ã[˝ GÁêˆ›^ÔÓ
ªJÙá˚_ a◊__ C ]«FÃ[˝ Y[˝X„EıC ]c˜d `Á◊‹ôˆ„Tˆ %◊\ˆ\…ˆTˆ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á T«ˆ◊_Ã^Á‰ªK˜* AcÕ
ÿöˆÁ„XÃ[˝ [Ã ˝]S›Ã^TˆÁ^Ã L›[˝X]«N˛ Jª Ù◊[Ã ˝‰yÃ[˝ a«≥VÃ[˝ %ÁV`Ô Y“◊TˆZı◊_Tˆ* [˝Á◊c˜„[Ã ˝ aeaÁ„Ã[˝[Ã ˝
ªJÙá˚_TˆÁ c˜Á◊aEıÁ~Á ÂF_Á ÊY“] Eı_c˜ Y«X◊∂ˆÇÔ_X ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ £à˘ Gêˆ›Ã[˝ <`üÃ[˝W˝ÓÁX
◊XÃ[˝„Yl˘ Y“ÁS›◊c˜TÊıÁ]XÁ ◊ªJÙw¯Y“aÁV a]TˆÁ C %ªJÙ_ %Í•Tˆ\ˆÁ[˝*
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%Ã[˝”SE«ı]ÁÃ[˝›Ã[˝ c˜Ã[˝S
Ã[˝ÁLEıXÓÁÃ[˝ c˜ÁTˆ› ]◊≥VÃ[˝ c˜cÕ„Tˆ [˝Á◊c˜Ã[˝ c˜cÕ„Tˆ _Á◊G_* ªJÙÁ◊Ã[˝◊V„Eı %`üÁ„Ã[˝Ác˜›
Èa„XÓÃ[˝ ÂTˆLÿëˆ› %`ü[˝ ≥V ◊[˝_„∂ëˆ %W˝›Ã[˝ c˜cÕÃ^Á XÁ◊ªJÙ„Tˆ XÁ◊ªJÙ„Tˆ ªJÙ◊__* G[[˝ÔaÁÃ[˝1
Â_Ïc˜Eı◊PˆX %`ül«˘Ã[˝W[˝◊X ]◊≥VÃ[˝ Y“ÁÜ„SÃ[˝ YÁbÁS]Ã^ \…ˆ◊]Ã[˝ =YÃ[˝ ◊XXÁ◊VTˆ c˜cÕ_*
T…ˆÃ[˝›Ã[˝[˝ ◊XGÔ]X ÂHÁbSÁ Eı◊Ã[˝_*
Ã[˝ÁL]Á„GÔ ]«FÃ[˝ LXTˆÁÃ[˝ %^«TˆÿëˆÃ[˝HX ◊[˝Ã[˝Á]c˜›X a›]Ác˜›X ÂEıÁ_Ác˜_ EıSÔ
[˝◊W˝Ã[˝ Eı„Ã[˝* ªJÙl«˘Ã[˝ %]ÁYÓ Â_ÁEıaÁGÃ[˝, --- ]c˜ÁaÁG„Ã[˝Ã[˝ XÓÁÃ^ ac˜ÿÉˆTˆÃ[˝ÜLÁTˆ
%a›] Eı‰{Á_, ]c˜ÁaÁG„Ã[˝Ã[˝ XÓÁÃ^ ac˜ÿÉˆTˆÃ[˝Ü-ªJ…ÙQÕˆÁ-W˝[˝_ =Ã[˝”ªJÙÁÃ[˝› ◊c˜‰{Á_* \ˆ›QÕˆ
%„\ˆVÓ, c˜ÿˆô › Jª Ù◊_„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ XÁ* %`üÁ„Ã[˝Ác˜›GS LXTˆÁ„Eı aÃ[˝Ác˜„O Tˆ aÃ[˝Ác˜„O Tˆ Jª ÙÁ◊Ã[˝◊V„Eı
◊[˝Eı›SÔ c˜cÕ„Tˆ _Á◊G_, ^Ác˜ÁÃ[˝Á c˜ÁTˆ›Ã[˝ EıÁ‰ªK˜ Ã[˝◊c˜_, TˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝C ]ÁßTˆ cÕ◊ÜTˆ
Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á AcÕ◊V„Eı CcÕ◊V„Eı YÁPˆÁÃ^* Ã[˝ÁLEıXÓÁÃ[˝ c˜ÿôˆ›...
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%Á_ÁYX
Ã[˝ÁLÁ: ◊Eı \ˆ›bS [˝XÓ ÿöˆ„_, ◊Eı ◊[˝LX ÂV„`ª
Eı„Ã[˝◊ªK˜ ◊X[˝Áa! %Áª◊ªK˜ Eı‰PˆÁÃ[˝ ◊[˝W˝Á„X
ÿëˆ„V„`Ã[˝ ]ÁÃ^Á TˆÓ◊L, ◊Y“Ã^LX ]«F
Âc˜◊Ã[˝„Tˆ ◊X◊bà˘* aTˆÓ Tˆ„[˝ A LGd
◊ªK˜~Áe` 651
EıÁÃ[˝ ÂF_Á, ªJÙ„l˘ ^ÁÃ[˝ ◊XÃ^]-[˝µ˘X

ÂFÃ^Á„_Ã[˝ Y“◊TÊ ı◊Tˆ ]Áy TˆÁÃ[˝* aTˆÓ
EıÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ cÕ◊Ü„Tˆ Â]ÁÃ[˝Á ]ÁÃ^Á[˝ ◊Tˆ V ◊rÙ
H«◊Ã[˝ ]ÁÃ^Á[˝à˘ Âl˘‰y E ı◊≈y] W˝Ã[˝ÁÃ^
Mı_„a ]ÁÃ^ÁÃ[˝ Y«Ã[˝›, ◊Tˆ◊]„Ã[˝Ã[˝ Ã[˝◊`Ω
%Á„_ÁEı p˚ÁX›Ã[˝ p˚ÁX ÿëˆ‰Y¬Ã[˝ ` Ö_Á,
◊X◊[˝QÕˆ %Ã[˝SÓ\…ˆ◊] YÁ◊UÔ[˝ L›[˝X
◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁÃ[˝ÁL› =‰QÕˆ ÂÛÁ ÂLÁXÁEı›Ã[˝ ]„TˆÁ
%µ˘EıÁ„Ã[˝* Tˆ„[˝ ÊªJÙ„Ã^◊ªK˜X« [˝ UÁ Â]ÁÃ[˝Á
Tˆ[˝ ^«à˘ ◊[˝◊L„TˆÃ[˝ ◊XÃ[˝Á` LîXÁ ---
AcÕ =◊N˛, V«[[˝Ô„_Ã[˝ ◊[˝_ÁY ÂEı[˝_*
ÂV◊F aTˆÓ Âa ◊[˝_ÁY, ªJÙÃ[˝] V`ÔX*
^ÁC Tˆ„[˝ a«F ÿëˆY¬, Aa Tˆ„[˝ V«fF,
%„LÃ^ ◊`l˘Eı T«ˆ◊], p˚Á„XÃ[˝ ÂaÁVÃ[˝*
T«ˆ◊] ]c˜Á]ÁÃ^Á G„ [ý\ˆ¤ˆ %G–L TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝*
Aa, %Á◊_ÜX Eı◊Ã[˝ Â]Á„Ã[˝, %î◊VX
Â]ÁÃ[˝ a„Ü Eı◊Ã[˝ ÂF_Á A ◊[˝LX [˝„X
a]«◊ªJÙTˆ y‘›QÕˆÁ\…ˆ◊] Tˆ[˝ V«fF* [˝ÓUÔ
X TˆÓ Eı„Ã[˝ L›[˝ _„Ã^ %îÁÃ^« V+◊Tˆ
V«fF, a«F* X TˆÓ UÁ]ÁcÕ„[˝ ] T«ˆÓ %Á◊a*
Y«„Ã[˝Á◊c˜Tˆ: \ˆ[˝ ^«„à˘ YÃ[˝Á◊LTˆ A ]«c…˜„wÔ¯ T«ˆ◊],
Âc˜ Ã[˝ÁLX* Tˆä [˝«„Eı ◊XÃ[˝Á`ÁÃ[˝ [˝ÁS›,
V«f„FÃ[˝ y‘≥VX Eı„¢ˆ X„c˜ [˝–°˘p˚ÁX*
%XÓ ÂacÕ ◊[˝VÓÁ, V«[[˝Ô„_Ã[˝ %Á`ÁTˆ›Tˆ
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aTˆÓ AcÕ EıUÁ, X TˆÓ YÁ◊UÔ[˝ L›[˝X*
EıÁÃ[˝ X TˆÓ? LXÁÅ¤X ÂacÕ XªRÙOÃ[˝ÁL*
V«fF X„c˜, TˆÁ„Ã[˝ %Á◊_ÜX EıÃ[˝, Ã[˝ÁLÁ,
TˆÁ„Ã[˝ _„Ã^ Ã[˝„S Ã[˝„S TˆÁâ¯„[˝ ]ÁTˆÁC
%ÁX≥V› %Á±¡ÁÃ^ ÂV„c˜* LÃ^ YÃ[˝ÁLÃ^
%Ã[˝SÓ XGÃ[˝ Âl˘y XÁ‰ªJÙÃ[˝ ◊[˝◊ªJÙy

ªJÙÃ[˝S ◊[˝„l˘Y ]Áy XÁXÁ V `ÓYªRÙO,
X „TˆÓÃ[˝ Â`Á\ˆÁÃ^ Ã[˝ÁFÁ, Ã[˝ÁL XÁªRÙOÓÁÜ„X*
Ã[˝ÁLÁ: ]«„FÃ[˝ EıUÁÃ^ EıÃ[˝ aÁ‹ôˆùXÁ %Á]ÁÃ^,
LÁ„X Y“ÁS ◊XL V«fF* XÁÃ[˝ÁÃ^S X TˆÓ?
Ã[˝Ál˘a› Y“E ı◊Tˆ X TˆÓ ]ÁÃ^Á-%‹ôˆfY«„Ã[˝,
Ã[˝Ál˘a-[˝Á_ÁÃ[˝ ÂF_ÁÃ^ G‰QÕˆ \ˆÁ„Ü ◊XTˆÓ
L›[˝‹ôˆ Y«T«ˆ_, ÂZı‰ªRÙO‰ªK˜ c˜÷VÃ^ ÂV◊F
c˜Á„a c˜÷rÙ E«ıT…ˆc˜„_* ]ÁÃ^Á aTˆÓ,
aTˆÓ A ◊[˝LX ÿöˆÁX, aTˆÓ YÃ[˝ÁLÃ^,
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X„c˜ aTˆÓ Ã[˝ÁLÓ? aTˆÓ `Á◊ÿôˆ %p˚Á„XÃ[˝,
X„c˜ ÊY“] aTˆÓ y‘≥VX \ˆÃ[˝Á LG„Tˆ*
Y«„Ã[˝Á◊c˜Tˆ: ÂTˆÁÃ[˝ Tˆ„Ã[˝ V«fF c˜÷„V, Â_ÁªRÙOÁC EıÁVÁÃ^
ÂFgÁL ◊[˝„b V«fFEı∂ˆÇÔ V«fFaÁÃ[˝* Â`„b
◊ªJÙ◊X„[˝ %ÁX≥V]Ã^ ÊY“]]Ã^ E ıb’*
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Ã[˝ÁLÁ: Â^ ÊY“] ªJ«Ù∂ëˆX Eı„Ã[˝ %`◊XÃ[˝ ]«„F,
Â^ ÊY“] ÂÃ[˝ÁG ^‹óˆSÁÃ^ V„c˜ a[[˝ÔEıÁ_,
Â^ ÊY“„]Ã[˝ ªK˜≤ø„[˝` V«fF, Â•b, ] T«ˆÓ,
H SÁa]1 Âa ÊY“]* %Á‰ªK˜ VÃ^Á XÃ[˝◊ªJÙ„w¯,
X„c˜ E ıYÁ]Ã^ a ◊rÙ, Y“E ı◊Tˆ, <`üÃ[˝*
◊XL VÃ^Á Y“◊Tˆ]…◊wÔ¯, %_›Eı Y“◊Tˆ]Á,
G◊QÕˆÃ^Á ]ÁX[˝ ◊XL◊ªJÙ„w¯* ÂacÕ ªK˜ÁÃ^Á
\ˆG[˝ÁX [˝„_ Y…LÁ Eı„Ã[˝*
%Á‰ªK˜ [˝–°˘* \ˆG[˝ÁX EıîXÁ ÿëˆ‰Y¬ %XÓ ÿëˆY¬ª
V«fF›Ã[˝ a rÙ ◊]UÓÁ Y“◊TÊıÁÃ[˝*
Y«„Ã[˝Á◊c˜Tˆ: ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝, Ã[˝ÁLÁ, E ıb’_›_Á ÂV◊F'
◊ªK˜~Áe` 653
ÂÃ[˝Á]Á◊á˚Tˆ c˜Ã^ ÂVc˜ £◊X' Ã[˝ÁW˝Á ]«„F

Y“S◊Ã^X› ◊TˆÃ[˝ïıÁÃ[˝, Tˆ[˝ EıUÁ¨K˜„_*
ÂV◊F[˝ XÁ ]«F TˆÁÃ[˝, £◊X[˝ XÁ XÁ]
%Á‰ªK˜ [˝„_ LÁ◊X[˝ XÁ TˆÁ„Ã[˝ %ÁÃ[˝* Âc˜X
=◊N˛ LXX›Ã[˝ ]«„F XÁ◊ÿôÊı-LîXÁ
[˝«◊Mı %Á◊]* [˝◊_ Tˆ„[˝, X„c˜ A aÁ‹ôˆùXÁ
[˝ UÁ, X Y* ÂV◊F„[˝ ÂV◊F„[˝ E ıb’ Â]ÁÃ[˝
Y“EıÁ◊`Tˆ c˜„[˝ Y«Xf EıÁX« Â[˝„`*
…
ÂF_ÁXÁ %Á]ÁÃ[˝* ÂEı‰QÕˆ◊ªK˜ ◊V„Ã^◊ªK˜ Y«Xf
Â`FÁ[˝Á„Ã[˝ £W˝« ÂTˆÁ„Ã[˝ Y“\«ˆ %Á◊] ÂTˆÁÃ[˝*
Ã[˝ÁLÁ: %ÁÿöˆÁ XÁcÕ ]] Y“Á„S `…XÓ A EıUÁÃ^*
[˝ UÁ [˝ÁEıÓ¨K˜ªRÙOÁ a „L ]ÁX„[˝Ã[˝ [˝«◊à˘
W˝gÁW˝Á„Tˆ ◊XL XÃ^X* ªK˜ÁQÕˆ AcÕ EıUÁ*
Y«„Ã[˝Á◊c˜Tˆ: ªK˜Á◊QÕˆ_Á], Tˆ„[˝ ÂÃ[˝„FÁ ]ÁX, ]c˜ÁÃ[˝ÁL
È[˝b’„[˝Ã[˝ =◊N˛*
Ã[˝ÁLÁ: [˝ UÁ AcÕ a„∂ëˆÁW˝X*
... Ã[˝ÁLÁ A %ªRÙO[˝›Ã[˝, X◊c˜ %Á◊], Ã[˝ÁLÁ
◊\ˆl«˘„Eı [˝X„V[˝TˆÁ %î Zı_]…_
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ÈaXÓc˜›X Y◊Ã[˝LXTˆÓN˛* Y◊Ã[˝c˜Áa
[˝Á„L EıÁ„X X Y XÁcÕ* ÂEı Ã[˝ÁLÁ ◊[˝Y„V
TˆÓÁLÓ a«c˜÷„VÃ[˝, ÂEı[˝Á Y“LÁ A ◊[˝L„X*
Y«„Ã[˝Á◊c˜Tˆ: %Á‰ªK˜ Y“LÁ, %Á◊ªK˜ Â]ÁÃ[˝Á* a[[˝ÔVÁ a[[˝Ôy
Ã[˝ÁLÁ T«ˆ◊] ◊YTˆÁ Â]ÁÃ[˝ %XÓ a„∂ëˆÁW˝X
£◊X„[˝ XÁ Â]ÁÃ[˝ ]«„F [˝„X [˝Á XG„Ã[˝*
[Y…[[˝Ô[˝Tˆfi
%e`◊ªRÙOÃ[˝ ◊•Tˆ›Ã^ Ã[˝÷YÁÃ^S]
Ã[˝ÁLÁ: AcÕ \ˆ›] Ã[˝]Óÿöˆ„_ AcÕ [˝XÓ ÂV„`
ÿëˆ„V`-]]TˆÁ TˆÓ◊L, ◊Y“Ã^LX-]«F
Âc˜◊Ã[˝„Tˆ ◊X◊bà˘, [˝ÓÁH– ◊aec˜ Âa[˝Ó y…‘Ã[˝

Y“E ı◊Tˆ-]ÁTˆÁÃ[˝ Ây‘Á‰QÕˆ ◊X[˝Áa AFX*
_›_Á◊Y“Ã^ _›_Á]Ã^, ◊[˝W˝ÁX ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝*
◊[˝\ˆ[˝ ]«E«ıªRÙO Ã[˝ÁLÓ y‘›QÕˆXEı Tˆ[˝*
Ã[˝±Ûˆ]Ã^ Â^ ]«E«ıªRÙO ◊[˝\ˆ„[˝Ã[˝ ªK˜ÁÃ^Á,
%îÿöˆ„_ a«◊[˝ÿôˆ›SÔ Ã[˝ÁLÓ ªK˜ªRÙO› ^ÁÃ[˝,
y‘›QÕˆÁ◊Y“Ã^ Eı„Ã[˝ Ã[˝Á◊F ]ÁX«„bÃ[˝ ◊`„Ã[˝
c˜Á◊aÃ^Á ◊XÃ[˝F ]«„F, EıÁ_ %EıÿˆÇÁd
%_◊l˘Tˆ Y„V A„a ÂEı‰QÕˆ ◊X„[˝ T«ˆ◊]*
c˜Á◊aÃ^Á TˆÁQÕˆÁC [˝„X ÂY„Ã^ %‹ôˆÃ[˝Á„_,
^ÁC %‹ôˆÃ[˝Á„_, ÂEıc˜ ÂV„F XÁ [˝Á_„Eı*
Â^cÕ ◊VX [˝«◊Mı Â`„b ÂF_ÁW˝…„_Á a[˝,
ÂF_ÁÃ[˝ aÁ]G–› Ã[˝ÁLÓ ]«E«ıªRÙO ◊[˝\ˆ[˝
LXΩ ] T«ˆÓ a«F V«fF ◊XÃ^] y‘›QÕˆÁÃ[˝,
Z«ı‰ªRÙO ÊªJÙÁF ÂacÕ ◊V„X, EıÁ„S £◊X ÿëˆÃ[˝,
ÂVFÁ VÁC, a«V`ÔX, ◊[˝`üy‘›QÕˆÁ G „c˜*
Y«„Ã[˝Á◊c˜Tˆ: ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ AcÕ y‘›QÕˆÁ¨K˜„_ \«ˆ◊_„Ã^Á XÁ Eı\«ˆ,
]c˜ÁÃ[˝ÁL, %X‹ôˆ p˚ÁX›Ã[˝ _«hıÁ◊Ã^Tˆ
G\ˆ›Ã[˝ %X‹ôˆ ÊY“]* aÁ‹ôˆ-p˚ÁX› Â]ÁÃ[˝Á
W˝◊Ã[˝„Tˆ XÁ YÁ◊Ã[˝ TˆÁc˜Á* X„c˜ %µ˘ ÂF_Áª
X„c˜ %UÔ`…XÓ [˝Á_„EıÃ[˝ ]w¯ Y◊Ã[˝c˜Áa
AcÕ ◊[˝`ü* G…ªRÕÙ ◊EıªK«˜ ◊X◊c˜Tˆ a[[˝Ôy,
y‘›QÕˆÁÃ[˝ ]c˜d Tˆ√º¯* Fg«L Y‹öˆÁ aVÁ,
]c˜ÁÃ[˝ÁL, XÁ [˝«◊Mı„_ LÁX %Á‰ªK˜ G…ªRÕÙ
%µ˘ Â]ÁÃ[˝Á*
Ã[˝ÁLÁ: "]c˜ÁÃ[˝ÁL', AcÕ a„∂ëˆÁW˝X
aÁ„L XÁ `y”_Á◊s˙Tˆ Y◊Ã[˝LXc˜›X
◊X[[˝ÔÁ◊aTˆ L„X* Y◊Ã[˝c˜Áa ]Tˆ _Á„G
Y◊` EıÁ„S*
E«ı]ÁÃ[˝: ]c˜ÁÃ[˝ÁL a[[˝Ôy a[[˝ÔVÁ
◊ªK˜~Áe` 655
T«ˆ◊] ◊YTˆÁ, Ã[˝Á„LÓ [˝„X* [˝W˝Ó Â]ÁÃ[˝ ÂacÕ,

ÂTˆÁ]Á„Ã[˝ Â^ %[˝„c˜„_* Y«Ã[˝ÁTˆX Ã[˝Á„LÓ
◊ªJÙÃ[˝a∂ˆÇÁ◊XTˆ [˝e„` %◊\ˆ◊bN˛ T«ˆ◊]*
X„c˜ [˝Ác˜Ó Ã[˝ÁL_©ø›, X„c˜ Y◊Ã[˝LX
Âa Ã[˝ÁLÁÃ[˝ Ã[˝ÁLÓ-aÁÃ[˝* ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ Â^ _©ø›,
◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝ %„LÃ^ Y“ÁS Y◊Ã[˝LX TˆÁÃ[˝*
Y«„Ã[˝Á◊c˜Tˆ: aTˆÓ EıUÁ [˝„_ªK˜ Ã[˝ÁLE«ı]ÁÃ[˝ T«ˆ◊],
%◊\ˆ]X«Ó*
Ã[˝ÁLÁ: aTˆÓEıUÁ! AcÕ ◊[˝LX [˝„X
YÁPˆÁcÕÃ^Á XÁÃ[˝ÁÃ^S Z«ıªRÙOÁ„Ã^‰ªK˜ ÊªJÙÁF*
\«ˆ_ÁC XÁ Â]Á„Ã[˝* Y«SÓXV› Tˆ›UÔÿöˆ„_
ÂX„[˝‰ªK˜ `ÁÅ«¤_Ã[˝ÁL ◊XVÁH-T ˆb’ÁÃ^*
£◊XÃ^Á G#¤X TˆÁÃ[˝, [˝„_◊ªK˜, Âc˜ X Y
£X ªJÙÁªR«ÙOEıÁÃ[˝ ÿôˆ[˝ X„c˜ AcÕ W[˝◊X
XÁ[˝, a„∂ëˆÁW˝X EıÃ[˝ A„Ã[˝, ^◊V ÂV„F
=◊ªJÙTˆ a∂ˆÇÁX Eı„Ã[˝* Mıu˙Á[˝ÁÃ^«◊zırÙ
^„[˝ A Ã[˝ÁL`Ã[˝›Ã[˝, \ˆÁ◊[˝, p˚ÁX&`Ôª
cÕc˜Á X Y* £X, X›Ã[˝[˝ A =Y„V`*
^„[˝ X TˆÓ Eı„Ã[˝ ªJ«Ù„Y ] T«ˆÓÃ[˝ XwÔ¯Eı›
a]«#ù_ XG¬EıÁ◊‹ôˆ È\ˆÃ[˝[˝› %ÁEıÁ„`,
[˝Á◊c˜◊Ã[˝‰ªK˜ <`ü„Ã[˝Ã[˝ %Ã[˝SÓ-Y“ÁaÁ„V
<`ü„Ã[˝Ã[˝ Y“◊Tˆc˜ÁÃ[˝›, \ˆ›]Á ÂaÏVÁ◊]X›,
%ÁG‹ô«Êı V`ÔXÁ„UÔ, [˝«◊Mı [˝ b ÂHÁb
aÁ]GÁÃ^› [˝‰qÃ[˝* ]ÁÃ^Á TˆÓL,
[˝«Mı ]c˜d[˝Áa› a[˝, ÂF_ÁW˝…„_Á Eı∂ˆÇÔ
Y“Z«ı{ [˝Á_Eı ◊Tˆ◊X, [˝Á_Eı aEı„_*
]{^«à˘ ÊY“]y‘›QÕˆÁ EıÃ[˝ %◊X[˝ÁÃ[˝,
YSÓ„F_Á, --- Y›Tˆ Â`üTˆ ]Á◊ªRÙO =YÁ#¤X
^«[˝Á EıÃ[˝1 [˝Á_Eı]◊Tˆ, ◊L◊Tˆ c˜Áa a«„F,
Ây‘ÁW˝ EıÃ[˝ c˜Á◊Ã[˝'* [˝Ác˜Ó[˝ÿô«ˆ ÿëˆY¬T«ˆ_Ó

X„c˜ ◊\ˆTˆ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ W˝X Ã[˝ÁLÓ, %◊\ˆ]X«Ó,
[˝ UÁ ]ÁÃ^Á Yl˘YÁ„Tˆ \«ˆ_ÁC XÁ Eı\«ˆ*
Y«„Ã[˝Á◊c˜Tˆ: y‘›QÕˆÁ ^◊V, Âa %X‹ôˆ ÊY“◊]„EıÃ[˝ a„X
y‘›QÕˆÁ EıÃ[˝ Tˆ„[˝*
Ã[˝ÁLÁ: ÊY“◊]„EıÃ[˝ Y«„Ã[˝Á◊c˜Tˆ,
Â^ ÊY“] ªJ«Ù∂ëˆX Eı„Ã[˝ %`◊XÃ[˝ ]«„F,
Â^ ÊY“] ÂÃ[˝ÁG ^‹óˆSÁÃ^ ÂYÁQÕˆÁÃ^ A ÂVc˜,
Â^ ÊY“„]Ã[˝ ] T«ˆÓÃ[˝÷„Y Tˆ›[˝– V«fF [˝Á„L
ªK˜≤ø„[˝`◊Y“Ã^, V«„[[˝ÔÁW˝Ó Âa ]ÁX„[˝Ã[˝*
Ã[˝”V–Ã[˝÷Y A ÂF_ÁÃ^ [˝«„Mı‰ªK˜ Eı'L„X?
Y«„Ã[˝Á◊c˜Tˆ: Tˆ„[˝ ÂF_Á Eı„Ã[˝* ªK˜Á‰QÕˆ XÁ, W˝◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ÂLÁ„Ã[˝
◊`◊U_ Eı„Ã[˝ XÁ ]«◊rÙ*
Ã[˝ÁLÁ: LùÁ_ÁTˆX Eı„Ã[˝
ÊY“◊]EıÁ ÊY“◊]„Eı, Tˆ„[˝ Â`„b ÂVÃ^ a«F
%à˘¤[˝y‘ G–›[˝Á X«„Ã^, YÃ[˝Á´¡«F ªK˜„_,
Â^X [˝„_ ◊XÃ[˝”YÁÃ^, Â^X `“Á‹ôˆ ^«„à˘,
ÿëˆGÔT«ˆ_Ó %ÁX„≥VÃ[˝ EıSÁ ]W˝« ÿëˆ‰Y¬*
Y«„Ã[˝Á◊c˜Tˆ: aTˆÓ ]c˜ÁÃ[˝ÁL* ªK˜ÁQÕˆ ÂEıX %Á`Á T«ˆ◊]*
Ã[˝ÁLÁ: c˜ÁÃ^ Y«„Ã[˝Á◊c˜Tˆ, V«rÙ y‘›QÕˆÁ Ã[˝„a ÂV[˝›
◊X„LÃ[˝ [˝V„_ ÂVÃ^ aF›Ã[˝ %W˝Ã[˝,
aÁLÁcÕÃ^Á ◊XL [˝‰ÿóˆ ]«„F [˝ÿóˆ ªRÙOÁ◊X'*
LÁ◊XÃ^Á %W˝Ã[˝ YÁ„X TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ]w¯ c˜„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝?
Y«„Ã[˝Á◊c˜Tˆ: aF› ÂV[˝› AEıcÕ, y‘›QÕˆÁ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ cÕ¨K˜ÁÃ^
y‘›QÕˆÁÃ^ a∂ˆÇ◊Tˆ ÂV[˝›1 ^Ác˜Á \ˆÁ_[˝Á„a*
Ã[˝ÁLÁ: Eı◊Ã[˝ TˆÁc˜Á* ◊V_ Ã[˝ÁLÓ, [˝aÁcÕ_ =‰¨JÙ,
[˝◊aX« a∂ÉˆÁªRÙO c˜„Ã^* TˆÁQÕˆÁ„Ã^‰ªK˜ [˝„X,
[˝XªJÙÃ[˝ aÁ◊L a«„F*
E«ı]ÁÃ[˝: Y«T«ˆ„_Ã[˝ y‘›QÕˆÁ
◊ªK˜~Áe` 657
\ˆÁ_[˝Á„a ◊Eı <`üÃ[˝, X„c˜ Y«Ã[˝”bÁUÔ*

E«ıÃ[˝”„l˘‰y LXÁÅ¤X* ◊[˝Eı„î aÁÃ[˝◊U*
[˝›„Ã[˝Ã[˝ y‘›QÕˆÁÃ[˝ aÁU›, X TˆÓ Ã[˝Sÿöˆ„_*
Y«„Ã[˝Á◊c˜Tˆ: y‘›QÕˆÁ ^◊V, ]c˜ÁÃ[˝ÁL, \ˆÁ_]≥V ÂF◊_
Y◊Ã[˝SÁ] ÂLTˆÁ c˜ÁÃ[˝Á* ]W˝Óÿöˆ ]ÁW˝[˝,
Â^Á„GÓÃ[˝ aÁÃ[˝◊U ◊Eı∂ëˆÁ, Zı_VÁÃ^› \ˆ„[˝*
Ã[˝ÁLÁ: [˝ UÁ EıUÁ Eı◊c˜ Â]ÁÃ[˝Á* W˝X XÁcÕ, XÁcÕ
ÈaXÓ, XÁcÕ ◊]y[˝_, ÂEıÁUÁÃ^ Âa %Á`Á*
Y«„Ã[˝Á◊c˜Tˆ: V ªRÕÙ [˝«„Eı, `Á‹ôˆ ]„X, a«„^ÁG V`Ô„X
Ã[˝c˜ c˜„Ã^ TˆdYÃ[˝* _›_ÁÃ^ ]«c…˜„wÔ¯
Ã[˝ÁLÓªJ«ÙÓTˆ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜ %Á`ÁTˆ›Tˆ W[˝e„a,
_›_ÁÃ^ ]«c…˜„wÔ¯ Y«Xf %Á`ÁTˆ›Tˆ \ˆÁGÓ
[˝aÁcÕ„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝ Ã[˝Á„LÓ [˝ c˜d Y“EıÁ„`*
ÂF◊_„Tˆ ÂF◊_„Tˆ Â^X a«T«ˆ¨K˜ =YÁ„Ã^*
E«ı]ÁÃ[˝: Â`ÁX [˝ l˘Ã[˝ÁL ]c˜ÁEıÁÃ^ [˝XÓaFÁ
%Á◊`“Tˆ-[˝da_* =~Tˆ `ÁFÁ ac˜‰ÿÉˆ
%aeFÓ ÂFªJÙÃ[˝[˝Áa›, ]W˝« ÂEıÁ_Ác˜„_
^ÁÃ^ V«cÕ aµ˘ÓÁ Tˆ[˝ [˝Áda_Ó %ÁX„≥V*
Eı›ªRÙOGS TˆÁÃ[˝ ªK˜Á„_ ŸªK˜‰QÕˆ Eı„Ã[˝ [˝ÁaÁ
ac˜‰ÿÉˆ ac˜‰ÿÉˆ* ÂacÕ %TˆÓÁªJÙÁÃ[˝ T«ˆ◊]
ac˜Ó EıÃ[˝ Y“›Tˆ c˜Á„aÓ* ◊[˝ÿô ˆTˆ ªK˜ÁÃ^ÁÃ^
%Á[˝◊Ã[˝ ◊[˝`“Á‹ôˆ Y“ÁS› Âÿoˆc˜ %Á◊_Ü„X
[˝aÁC `›Tˆ_ Ây‘Á‰QÕˆ* ªK˜≤ø„[˝„` [˝«◊Mı
<`ü„Ã[˝Ã[˝ Y“◊Tˆ]…◊wÔ¯ T«ˆ◊] [˝ l˘Ã[˝ÁL*
B`› A Y“E ı◊Tˆ Tˆ[˝* %Á◊]C %Á◊aÃ^Á
AEıÁEı› W˝Ã[˝ÁÃ^ H«◊Ã[˝ %Á`“„Ã^ ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝
_◊\ˆ `Á◊‹ôˆ* %[˝„` Y“ÁS l«˘| Âc˜UÁ
◊[˝`üÿôˆ [˝µ«˘Ã[˝ EıÁ„X mä \ˆÁ[˝ [˝◊_*
XÁcÕ ◊]y [˝µ«˘ aFÁ* ◊YTˆÁ Â]ÁÃ[˝ aVÁª
Eı„∂ˆÇÔ YÃ[˝Á´¡«F, \ˆÁ[˝◊Y“Ã^ ]ÁÃ^Áp˚ÁX›*
◊ªJÙ‹ôˆÁ`›_ Y«„Ã[˝Á◊c˜Tˆ, ]◊ÿôˆõı =[[˝ÔÃ[˝

%X«[[˝ÔÃ[˝ Y“ÁS\ˆÁ„[˝, Eı„∂ˆÇÔ £õı EıUÁ1
Â^cÕ %î %X«[[˝ÔÃ[˝ ÿëˆÁUÔ TˆÓ◊L %Á„a
A ◊[˝LX [˝„X %î[˝«◊à˘ £à˘ Y“ÁS
LÁ„X Âa[˝Á, ^«à˘, %XÓ ◊EıªK«˜ XÁ◊c˜ LÁ„X*
%Á◊aÃ^Á A ÿöˆÁ„X _◊\ˆ Y“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝ aÜ
%aeFÓ %Ã[˝÷Y aÁU› ÂF„_ ]] ◊ªJÙ„w¯*
XV› [˝„_ mc˜Ó EıUÁ, [˝ÁÃ^«Ã[˝ ◊X„HÔÁb
Tˆ[˝ %GSX Y‰y ÂF„_ Â^X ªK˜≥V
]] %‹ôˆ„Ã[˝Ã[˝ a„Ü* ◊[˝`Á_ ÿëˆ\ˆÁ[˝
A ◊[˝`üÃ[˝, ÂEı Â^X AEıÁEı› ]] T«ˆ_Ó
%◊XÃ[˝”à˘ [˝›Ã[˝Y“ÁS ªJÙÁÃ^ Eı∂ˆÇÔ ^«à˘
◊Tˆ◊X a „L‰ªK˜X A ◊[˝`ü Â^cÕ %ÁX≥V %Á`ÁÃ^
^«„à˘Ã[˝ ◊XÃ^] ÂaUÁ Eı„Ã[˝‰ªK˜ ◊[˝W˝ÁXª
ÊªJÙTˆ„X C %‰ªJÙTˆ„X* XÁcÕ Â•b ◊c˜eaÁ
Âa ◊[˝`Á_ Y“Á„S* Y◊[˝y A ^«à˘& c˜Á
Eı„Ã[˝ Â^X ]{^«à˘ [˝µ«˘Ã[˝Á a‰Y“„]*
Â`ÁX [˝ l˘ TˆÁÃ[˝ a„Ü Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜ %Á◊L
◊Eı X›Ã[˝[˝ YÃ[˝Á]`Ô* [˝◊a[˝ XÁ %ÁÃ[˝
AcÕ [˝„X, AcÕ %Á_„aÓ, mc˜ÁÃ^, E«ıªRÙO›„Ã[˝*
[˝◊a[˝Á XÁ %ÁÃ[˝ Tˆ[˝ ªK˜ÁÃ^ÁÃ^ Âc˜ aFÁ*
%V `Ó aÁÃ[˝◊U ◊ªJÙ„w¯ ªJÙÁ_ÁÃ^ a„LÁ„Ã[˝
LG„TˆÃ[˝ YÁ„X, ÂÛÁ ]X«bÓ aeHbÔ
A ◊[˝ÿôˆ›SÔ ^«à˘„l˘‰y* Ã[˝ÁLÓ Eı›◊wÔ¯ ] T«ˆÓ
LÁ◊X XÁ ◊Eı _«hıÁ◊Ã^Tˆ ÂÃ[˝„F‰ªK˜ c˜Á◊aÃ^Á
X›_ GGX Y“Á„‹ôˆÃ[˝ CcÕ YÁ„`* ^Á[˝
Fg«◊L[˝Á„Ã[˝* [˝ l˘! [˝µ«˘[˝ ≥V, ÈaXÓ[˝_
ÈV[˝Ád X›Ã[˝„[˝ [˝„a %„Yl˘ÁÃ^ ]]
Âa %a›] a«X›_ LG„Tˆ* c˜Ã^ AEıÁ
◊ªK˜~Áe` 659
`y” %‹ôˆfY«„Ã[˝ Y◊` --- ÂEıX [˝◊_ AEıÁ

%Á‰ªK˜ %◊a Eı„Ã[˝, %Á‰ªK˜ c˜÷V„Ã^ ]«Ã[˝ÁÃ[˝›
LXX›Ã[˝ VÁaÓ H«ªJÙÁcÕ[˝, ÂTˆL W[˝ea›
%Y…[[˝Ô Eı_·¯ Â]ÁÃ[˝* XÃ^ ] T«ˆÓ YÁX
`y”Ã[˝ %◊a Y“]Á„V, _«hıÁX E ı„b’Ã[˝
c˜Á◊aÃ^Á Y“ÿöˆÁX* ◊[˝VÁÃ^ _cÕX« [˝ l˘*
LXX›„Ã[˝ _„Ã^ ^◊V %Á◊a Y“›Tˆ YÁ„V
Tˆ„[˝ ÂVFÁ, X‰ªJÙd ◊[˝VÁÃ^ ◊ªJÙÃ[˝Tˆ„Ã[˝*
a«[˝_«Ó-Y«_ÿôˆÓ
[AcÕ XÁªRÙOEı◊ªRÙOÃ[˝ EıTÊım◊_ ◊[˝◊l˘ä %e` ]Áy YÁCÃ^Á ^ÁÃ^*]
Y“U] %·¯, Y“U] V `Ó
Y« -- Ã[˝◊[˝Y«y ÂLÓÁ◊TˆπÇÁX, a«[˝_«Ó %a«Ã[˝,
◊≈y„_ÁEı-a∂ÉˆÁªRÙO %Á◊L* cÕ¨K˜Á ◊Eı Ã[˝◊c˜„Tˆ
ÂacÕ Y„V, Ã[˝ÁLÁ --- ◊Eı∂ëˆÁ [˝–°˘-%◊\ˆ`Á„Y
ÂXc˜Á◊Ã[˝„Tˆ %µ˘EıÁÃ[˝ G\ˆ›Ã[˝ YÁTˆÁ_
È[˝TˆÃ[˝S›-Tˆä`üÁa [˝◊c˜„Tˆ EıYÁ„_
[˝ÁaXÁ ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝*
a« -- @◊b, ÂEıX AcÕ Ây‘ÁW˝?
◊Eı„a„Tˆ a„‹ôˆÁb Tˆ[˝ c˜cÕ„[˝, [˝–Á°˘S?
Y« -- W˝∂ˆÇÔY“ÁUfi %Á◊] Tˆ[˝ ◊aec˜ÁaX Tˆ„_, ---
Ã[˝ÁLW˝„∂ˆÇÔ Ã[˝ÁLÓÃ[˝l˘Á, W˝∂ˆÇÔ[˝_ aÁÃ[˝
EıÃ[˝ Ã[˝ÁLW˝∂ˆÇÔ, Ã[˝ÁLÁ*
a« -- W˝∂ˆÇÔ[˝_ aÁÃ[˝
LÁ◊X %Á◊] -- W˝∂ˆÇÔ[˝„_ ◊≈y„_ÁEıa∂ÉˆÁªRÙO
c˜cÕX« Âc˜ ◊[˝Y“, X◊c˜ %Á◊] l«˘V– ÂV[˝,
%ÁX„≥VÃ[˝ VÁa, %◊[˝ªJÙÁ„Ã[˝ ◊[˝`ü„\ˆÁG
Eı◊Ã[˝ XÁ -- LÁXÁC [˝Ás˙Á, Y«Ã[˝ÁcÕ[˝, @◊b
^Tˆ Tˆ[˝ %◊\ˆ_Áb*

*
^„[˝ Y“LÁY◊Tˆ =‰QÕˆ, =‰QÕˆ ]] Y“ÁS

TˆÁÃ[˝ aÁU›* Y«πY ÂV◊F Y«πY c˜cÕ [˝ „‹ôˆ ---
M«ı◊_ [˝ „l˘ a…^ÔÓ &`Ô _◊\ˆ ]«◊V %Ág◊F,
◊[˝Y~ [˝bÔÁÃ[˝ Êzı„V c˜Á◊a ÂW˝ÏTˆ◊`Ã[˝*
*
ÂV„[˝Ã[˝ X≥VX Â]ÁÃ[˝Á %ÁX≥V ◊[˝‚º˜_,

X≥VX◊[˝c˜ÁÃ[˝› Â]ÁÃ[˝Á Y«πYac˜ªJÙÃ[˝ ---
_›_Á LÁ◊X, %ÁX„≥VcÕ LÁ◊X ÈVTˆÓÃ[˝ÁL;
LÁ◊X XÁ Eı◊PˆX A TˆYaÓÁ Tˆ[˝*
*
XÁÃ[˝V
%X«◊ªJÙTˆ mÃ[˝”Vâ¯ %î %YÃ[˝Á„W˝*
a«[˝_«Óª
%X«◊ªJÙTˆ! ÂVF XÁcÕ %î [˝›L c˜„Tˆ
=¨JÙ [˝ l˘ %◊W˝úˆÁX? AEıcÕ ÿˆè«ı◊_Ü,
^Á„Ã[˝ ◊X[˝ÁÃ^◊X ◊[˝◊W˝ Y«QÕˆÁ„Tˆ Y“ÁaÁV
ÂVF XÁcÕ, @◊b? ◊[˝`ü◊c˜Tˆ Eı◊Ã[˝ ÂTˆ„L,
%î mÃ[˝” ◊X◊[[˝ÔªJÙÁ„Ã[˝ Y“ªJÙâ¯ `ÁaX*
XÁÃ[˝„VÃ[˝ =xÁXY…[[˝EÔ ı Y“ÿˆö ÁX-=„VÓÁG
XÁÃ[˝V
EıÃ[˝ %◊\ˆ_Áb Tˆ[˝, ◊≈y„_ÁEı-a∂ÉˆÁªRÙO*
Ëy„_ÁEıÓ ]Ü_ Âc˜T«ˆ LÁG %◊X[˝ÁÃ[˝*
Y“ÿöˆÁX
*
◊ªK˜~Áe` 661
C„c˜ W˝Ã[˝Á, W˝Áy› ]],...

C„c˜ W˝Ã[˝Á, W˝Áy› ]], [˝«„Eı Â]Á„Ã[˝ W˝Ã[˝
◊Eı a«≥VÃ[˝ ◊Eı ◊[˝`Á_ ]…◊wÔ¯ %Á◊L ÂTˆÁÃ[˝
c˜ÁaÓ]Ã^› Y“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝ a«ªJÙá˚_Á %Á\ˆÁ
X TˆÓ Eı„Ã[˝ L„_ ÿöˆ„_* a…„^ÔÓÃ[˝ Âa c˜Á◊a
_«hıÁcÕ‰ªK˜ ÂVFÁcÕ‰ªK˜ ªJÙY_ y‘›QÕˆÁÃ^
◊ÿoˆÑ˘ TˆÃ[˝”`ÁFÁ* ]Á„Mı [˝ÁÃ^«Ã[˝ ◊c˜‰{Á_
%Á„_Á◊QÕˆ a]«‰V– Â^X %Ã[˝„SÓÃ[˝ Ây‘ÁQÕˆ
GÃ[˝„L Tˆ›[˝– ={Á„a* a…©ø ªJÙ„l˘ ÂV◊F
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Y[˝X [˝Á_Eı ^Tˆ* l«˘V–YV \ˆ„Ã[˝
◊`c˜„Ã[˝ =‰Pˆ‰ªK˜ ÂVF Y«õı◊Ã[˝S› L_
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AcÕ ◊[˝`ü]Ã^ ÂÃ[˝ÏV– a«[˝SÔ„V„[˝Ã[˝,
<`üÃ[˝, a«[˝ÓN˛ %Á◊L ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ ]◊c˜]Á
A ◊[˝`Á_TˆÁÃ^ Â^X* £W˝« X„c˜ cÕc˜Á
ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ ]c˜Tˆ› a ◊rÙ, cÕc˜Á Â^ T«ˆ◊]cÕ
E ıb’, ◊[˝`ü[˝ ≥VÁ[˝X-◊[˝c˜ÁÃ[˝›* %◊ÿôˆ±ºˆ,
ËªJÙTˆXÓ %ÁX≥V Y“EıÁ◊`Tˆ AcÕ L‰QÕˆ
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%X‹ôˆ A aÁ‹ôˆ ªK˜„_, %Ã[˝÷Y A Ã[˝÷„Y
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Tˆ›©¬˘ (?) ÂTˆL ◊[˝`üV›◊ä, %„LÃ^ Y[˝X
]c˜d LGTˆ›ªK˜„≥V GÁcÕ„Tˆ‰ªK˜ %Á◊L

Â[˝V-„[˝VÁ„‹ôˆÃ[˝ =◊N˛ ]] ◊[˝`üY“Á„S*
Â[˝QÕˆÁÃ^ Â^ `…„XÓ a…„^ÔÓ Y“V◊l˘S Eı◊Ã[˝
A ◊[˝ÿô ˆTˆ X›◊_]ÁÃ^ `Á‹ôˆ]«„F X«„Ã^
%X‹ôˆ ªJ«Ù∂ëˆX Eı„Ã[˝, ]«◊N˛ _›_Á ]„W˝Ó*
"W˝∂ˆÇÔ' Y◊≈yEıÁÃ[˝ a+ÁVEı›Ã^ Y“[˝µ˘Á[˝_›Ã[˝ Y úˆÁaeFÓÁ
Y“Á„V◊Èı a◊]◊TˆÃ[˝ %◊W˝„[˝`X 147 EıXÀ„\ˆ≥aX a\ˆÁY◊TˆÃ[˝ ◊X[[˝ÔÁªJÙX 176
%„`ÁEı X≥V›Ã[˝ YÃ[˝„_ÁEıY“Á◊ä 147 G›TˆÁÃ[˝ ÂVÁc˜ÁcÕ 177
Âc˜Ã^ÁÃ[˝ r—Ù›‰ªRÙO aÃ[˝_TˆÁ 148 _â¯X %◊W˝„[˝`X C ^«N˛]c˜Áa\ˆÁ 178
◊[˝_ÁTˆ-^ÁyÁÃ^ _Á\ˆ 148 aÁÃ[˝ L#¤ zıÁ„EÔıÃ[˝ aÁÃ[˝G\ˆ¤ =◊N˛ 179
_â¯„X LÁTˆ›Ã^ ]c˜Áa\ˆÁ 149 ◊[˝_Á„Tˆ %Á±¡Yl˘ a]UÔX 180
LÁTˆ›^Ã ]c˜Áa\ˆÁ 150 ◊[˝_Á„TˆÃ[˝ V…Tˆ 181
◊c˜≥V« C ]«a_]ÁX 152 LÁTˆ›Ã^ ÂHÁbSÁYy 183
Y«◊_a ◊[˝_ 153 mÃ[˝” ÂGÁ◊[˝≥V◊aec˜ 184
LÁTˆ›^Ã ◊Ã[˝a_› aÁÃ[˝Eı« _ÁÃ[˝ 154 LÁTˆ›Ã^ ÂHÁbSÁYy 185
mä ÊªJÙrÙÁ 154 30Â` %Á◊`üX 186
]Ã[˝_›Ã[˝ Â\ˆVX›◊Tˆ 155 G[˝SÔ„]‰∞ªRÙOÃ[˝ ÂGÁF„_ XÁ
◊[˝b[˝ „l˘Ã[˝ %YÃ[˝ `ÁFÁ 156 ÂGÁF„_Ã[˝ G[˝SÔ„]∞ªRÙO? 187
◊Ã[˝„LÃ[˝ ◊[˝„bÁVGÁÃ[˝ 157 [˝„LªRÙO ^«à˘ 188
`ÁaX aeïıÁÃ[˝ 158 ◊Eı c˜cÕ„[˝? 189
ßG_› Y“Á„V◊Èı a◊]◊Tˆ 159 ◊Ã[˝Zı[Ã ˝]À 191
ÈV◊XEı Y◊≈yEıÁ[Ã ˝ %\ˆÁ[˝ 160 c˜eO ◊_`]ÓÁ„XÃ[˝ Ây‘ÁW˝ 191
Â]c˜TˆÁ ]L◊_„aÃ[˝ a\ˆÁY◊Tˆ 161 ÂVCH„Ã[˝ L›[˝‹ôˆ a]Á◊W˝ 192
%aêˆ„[˝Ã[˝ %X«aµ˘ÁX 161 ^«N˛ ]c˜Áa\ˆÁ 193
Â^ÁGÓTˆÁ ◊[˝ªJÙÁÃ[˝ 162 ◊c˜≥V« a+“VÁÃ^ C `ÁaX aeïıÁÃ[˝ 194
Jª ÙÁá˚_Ó-◊ªJÙc˜‘ 163 ]«a_]ÁX„VÃ[˝ %a„‹ôˆÁb 1ª95
ßG_›Ã[˝ Y◊Ã[˝SÁ] 164 ]…_ C ÂGÏS 196
`“›c˜vÙ ÂL_Á a◊]◊Tˆ 167 AEıªRÙO› FgÁ≈ªRÙO› EıUÁ 197
Y“LÁ`◊N˛ C ◊c˜≥V«a]ÁL 168 Ã[˝ÓÁ]a› ]ÓÁEıQˆXÁ∑Qˆ 1ª98
◊[˝„V`^ÁyÁ 170 ◊Ã[˝Zı]Ô C ]W˝ÓY‹öˆ›GS 1ª99
_Á_„]Ác˜X ÂHÁb 171 ÂGÁF„_Ã[˝ ]ÁXc˜Á◊X 200
`“›c˜‰vÙÃ[˝ Y“ÿôˆÁ[˝Á[˝_› 171 X…TˆX ÂEıÏ◊≥a_Ã[˝ 200
LÁTˆ›Ã^ W˝X\ˆÁâ¯ÁÃ[˝ 173 ÆœÙÁ≥a\ˆÁ„_ \ˆÁ[Ã ˝Tˆ[˝Áa› 201
aÁÃ[˝ ÂZı„Ã[˝ÁL`Ác˜ Â]c˜TˆÁÃ[˝ Rª ÙÁO =Xc˜„_Ã[˝ a\ˆÁ 202
[˝ÃÊıªRÙO-%X«Ã[˝ÁG 175 ◊X[[˝ÁÔ ◊aTˆ [˝Üa‹ôˆÁX 203
^«N˛ ]c˜Áa\ˆÁ 203 ÂXTˆÁ ÂV◊F, ÈaXÓ ÂEıÁUÁÃ^? 222

[Ã ˝„]`ªJÙ≥V– Vw¯ 205 `“›Ã[˝Á]E ıb’ C \ˆ◊[˝bÓd \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ 223
[˝«à˘GÃ^Á 205 EıXÀ„\ˆ≥a„XÃ[˝ V«Å¤`Á 224
ÂZı„Ã[˝ÁL`Á„c˜[Ã ˝ Jª ÙÁ_ 206 V_ÁV◊_ C AEıTˆÁÃ[˝ ◊]UÓÁ \ˆÁX 224
Y…[[˝[Ô ˝„Ü ◊X[[˝ÁÔ Jª ÙX 207 ◊X[[˝ÁÔ a„XÃ[˝ ◊[˝\ˆ›◊bEıÁ 226
Y◊∏JÙ][˝„ÜÃ[˝ %[˝ÿöˆÁ 208 ◊X[[˝ÔÁaX %aêˆ[˝ 227
]Ã[˝_›X›◊Tˆ[Ã ˝ Zı_ 209 X[˝^«„GÃ[˝ Y“U] £\ˆ_l˘S 227
◊]‰∞RÙOÁÃ[˝ =Y„V` 209 %ÁcÕX C c˜TˆÓÁEıÁÃ[˝› 228
_Á„c˜ÁÃ[˝ EıXÀ„\ˆ≥aX 210 %Á]Ã[˝Á ◊Eı ◊X‰∏JÙrÙ UÁ◊Eı[˝? 229
Â[˝Ü_›Ã[˝ =◊N˛ 211 ÊªJÙrÙÁ[Ã ˝ =YÁÃ^ 230
]L◊_„aÃ[˝ a\ˆÁY◊Tˆ 211 %Á^ÔÓa]ÁL 231
◊[˝_Á„Tˆ Ã[˝Ár—Ù◊[˝Y¿[˝ 212 cÕe_„â¯Ã[˝ ◊X[[˝ÔÁªJÙX› 232
ÂGÁF„_Ã[˝ ]«FV`ÔX 213 ◊[˝ªJÙÁÃ[˝ 233
ÂGÁF„_Ã[˝ ÿëâ‹ôˆÁX a]UÔX 213 Â_ÁEı]„Tˆ[Ã ˝ Y“„^Ã ÁLX›Ã^TˆÁ 233
^«N˛ ]c˜Áa\ˆÁ 214 %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ÂV„` 234
Y“ÿöˆÁX 217 \ˆG[˝Å`ÔX 234
c˜Ã[˝◊EıaX_Á„_Ã[˝ %Y]ÁX 218 ÂL„_ V`ÔX 235
%Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ LÁG 219 Â[˝„V Y«X#¤XΩ 236
XÁ◊a„Eı F«X 220 %Á^ÔÓa]Á„LÃ[˝ %[˝X◊Tˆ 237
]«]b… Ô« EıXÀ„\ˆ≥aX 221 Y◊Ã[˝◊`rÙ 237
aFÓÿöˆÁY„XÃ[˝ Y“]ÁS 221
TÛÓYt›
""`“›%Ã[˝◊[˝„≥VÃ[˝ ]…_ [˝ÁÜ_Á Ã[˝ªJÙXÁ[˝_›'' `“›%Ã[˝◊Ã[˝≥V ÂaÁaÁcÕ◊ªRÙO EıT ˆ¤Eı Eı◊_EıÁTˆÁ c˜„Tˆ
1969 aÁ„_ Y“EıÁ◊`Tˆ c˜^Ã * TˆÁ[Ã ˝Y[Ã ˝ `“›%Ã[˝◊[˝≥V LXΩ`Tˆ[˝Á◊bÔEı› =Y_„l˘Ó ""`“›%Ã[˝◊[˝„≥VÃ[˝
[˝Áe_Á Ã[˝ªJÙXÁ'' XÁ„] CcÕ Y«ÿôÊı Y«X◊[˝ÔXÓÿôˆ c˜„Ã^ 1972 aÁ„_ Y“EıÁ◊`Tˆ c˜Ã^ (SABCL,
Vol. 4)* AÃ[˝ Y„Ã[˝ 19ª82 aÁ„_ Y“EıÁ◊`Tˆ c˜Ã^ AcÕ Y«ÿôˆ„EıÃ[˝cÕ Y◊Ã[˝„`Á◊W˝Tˆ C Y◊Ã[˝-
[˝◊W˝ÔTˆ Ã[˝÷Y T ˆTˆ›Ã^ aeïıÃ[˝S* AcÕ aeïıÃ[˝„SÃ[˝ Y«X]«ÔV–S c˜Ã^ 1991 C 1994 aÁ„_*
Y“U] aeïıÃ[˝„S YÁCÃ^Á ^ÁÃ^ Â^ \…ˆ◊]EıÁ◊ªRÙO `“›X◊_X›EıÁ‹ôˆ mä ◊_◊FTˆ, %UªJÙ
◊•Tˆ›Ã^ C T ˆTˆ›Ã^ aeïıÃ[˝„S \…ˆ◊]EıÁÃ^ Â_F„EıÃ[˝ XÁ] ]«◊V–Tˆ c˜Ã^◊X* [˝Tˆ¤]Á„X Y“U]
aeïıÃ[˝„SÃ[˝ ◊\ˆ◊w¯„Tˆ CcÕ XÁ] Y«X^«ÔN˛ c˜_*
AcÕ TÛÓYt›„Tˆ ◊TˆX◊ªRÙO aeïıÃ[˝ScÕ ‚—˜ÿëˆTˆÁÃ[˝ FÁ◊Tˆ„Ã[˝ £W˝«]Áy ""[˝Áe_Á Ã[˝ªJÙXÁ'' [˝„_
=◊{◊FTˆ c˜„Ã^‰ªK˜*
Y f 1 V«GÔÁ-ÂÿôˆÁy
Y“U] Y“EıÁ`: "W˝∂ˆÇÔ' 1 EıÁ◊Tˆ¤Eı 1316; "LG~Á„UÃ[˝ Ã[˝U' G–„‹öˆ 2Ã^ aeïıÃ[˝S
(1339) c˜„Tˆ ^«N˛ c˜Ã^*
Y«◊ÿôÊıÁEıÁ„Ã[˝ ÿëˆTˆ‹óˆ Y“EıÁ`:
`“›%Ã[˝◊[˝≥V %Á`“], `“›%Ã[˝◊[˝≥V %Á`“] ÊY“a, Y◊â¯‰ªJÙÃ[˝›: 1951, 1954,
19ª85, 1992, 1996
`“›%Ã[˝◊[˝≥V %Á`“], %_ cÕ◊â¯Ã^Á ÊY“a, Y◊â¯‰ªJÙÃ[˝›: 1979; AcÕ aeïıÃ[˝S◊ªRÙO„Tˆ
[˝Áe_Á Ã[˝ªJÙXÁª◊ªRÙO ªK˜ÁQÕˆÁC %ÁÃ[˝C Eı„ÃÊı◊ªRÙO \ˆÁbÁÃ^ "V«GÔÁ-ÊÿôˆÁy'-AÃ[˝ %X«[˝ÁV AEıa„Ü
G–◊UTˆ c˜„Ã^‰ªK˜* \ˆÁbÁm◊_ c˜_ aeï ıTˆ, ◊c˜≥V›, mLÃ[˝Á◊Tˆ, TˆÁ◊]_, ÂTˆ_«m,
EıÁXÁQÕˆÁ C cÕeÃ[˝ÁL›*
AªK˜ÁQÕˆÁ ◊[˝◊\ˆ~ `“›%Ã[˝◊[˝≥V ÂEı≥V– C `ÁFÁ c˜„Tˆ ◊[˝◊\ˆ~ a]„Ã^ YyÁEıÁ„Ã[˝
"V«GÔÁ-ÊÿôˆÁy' Y“EıÁ◊`Tˆ c˜„Ã^‰ªK˜* =‰{F„^ÁGÓ Â^ _©ø›c˜Á=a, (Eı◊_EıÁTˆÁ) Yg«◊UÃ[˝
%ÁEıÁ„Ã[˝ AEı◊ªRÙO aeïıÃ[˝S (1992) Y“EıÁ` Eı„Ã[˝X*
Y f 3 `“›]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ AEı◊ªRÙO Y“ÁUÔXÁ
`“›%Ã[˝◊[˝„≥VÃ[˝ c˜ÿôˆ„_FÁ Y“◊Tˆ◊_◊Ya„]Tˆ ◊X‰∂oˆÁN˛ Y“EıÁ`XÁm◊_„Tˆ ]«◊V–Tˆ c˜Ã^:
"`“›]Á„Ã^Ã[˝ Ã[˝ªJÙXÁaeG–c˜', 1] Fâ¯ (1976), LXΩ`Tˆ[˝Á◊bÔEı› aeïıÃ[˝S,
`“›%Ã[˝◊[˝≥V YÁPˆ]◊≥VÃ[˝, Eı◊_EıÁTˆÁ
"[˝◊wÔ¯EıÁ', 24Â` X„\ˆ∂ëˆÃ[˝, 19ª82, `“›%Ã[˝◊[˝≥V %Á`“], Y◊â¯‰ªJÙÃ[˝›
"Âc˜ ◊ªJÙ[Ã ˝◊V„XÃ[˝: `“›%Ã[˝◊[˝„≥VÃ[˝ ◊X[˝ÁÔ ◊ªJÙTˆ [Ã ˝Jª ÙXÁ-aeEı_X' (1997), `“›%Ã[˝◊[˝≥V
YÁPˆ]◊≥VÃ[˝, Eı◊_EıÁTˆÁ
"[˝Áe_Á Ã[˝ªJÙXÁ'Ã[˝ ªJÙT«ÛÔ aeïıÃ[˝„S XT«ˆX ae„^Á◊LTˆ
Y“EıÁ`Yt›:
1] aeïıÃ[˝S: ÈLÓúˆ 1328, Ã[˝Á„]`üÃ[˝ ÂV, Y“[˝wÔ¯Eı YÁ[˝◊_◊è c˜Á=a, ªJÙ≥VXXGÃ[˝*
"EıÁÃ[˝ÁG c˜ C ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁ' Y“[˝µ˘◊ªRÙOC AcÕ G–„‹öˆ ÿöˆÁX_Á\ˆ Eı„Ã[˝*
2Ã^ aeïıÃ[˝S: %_\ˆÓ
3Ã^ aeïıÃ[˝S: ÈLÓúˆ 1337, `“›[˝Á◊Ã[˝VEıÁ◊‹ôˆ [˝a«, %Á^ÔÓ aÁ◊c˜TˆÓ \ˆ[˝X, Eı◊_EıÁTˆÁ*
=‰{FÓ Â^ "EıÁÃ[˝ÁG c˜ C ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁ' Y“[˝„µ˘Ã[˝ Â`b %X«‰¨K˜V◊ªRÙO AcÕ aeïıÃ[˝„S ]«◊V–Tˆ
c˜Ã^◊X*
4UÔ aeïıÃ[˝S: 1966, `“›%Ã[˝◊[˝≥V ÂaÁaÁcÕ◊ªRÙO, Y◊â¯‰ªJÙÃ[˝›; Eı◊_EıÁTˆÁÃ^ ]«◊V–Tˆ* cÕ]◊Y“≥ªRÙO
Y úˆÁÃ^ AcÕ G–‹öˆ◊ªRÙO ◊•Tˆ›Ã^ aeïıÃ[˝S ◊cãÁ„[˝ ◊ªJÙ◊c˜‘Tˆ %Á‰ªK˜, ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ TˆÁ ÛÁUÔ XÃ^*
5] aeïıÃ[˝S: 1977, `“›%Ã[˝◊[˝≥V %Á`“] EıT ˆ¤Eı %_ cÕ◊â¯Ã^Á ÊY“a, Y◊â¯‰ªJÙÃ[˝›„Tˆ
]«◊V–Tˆ* AFÁ„X cÕ]◊Y“≥ªRÙO Y úˆÁ %a+…SÔ; ÂEıÁX aeïıÃ[˝„SÃ[˝ =‰{F XÁcÕ* T ˆTˆ›Ã^
aeïıÃ[˝„S "EıÁÃ[˝ÁG c˜ C ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁ' Y“[˝µ˘◊ªRÙOÃ[˝ %]«◊V–Tˆ Â`b %X«‰¨K˜V◊ªRÙO AcÕ aeïıÃ[˝„S
Y«X^«ÔN˛ c˜„Ã^‰ªK˜*
6úˆ aeïı[Ã ˝S: %Á◊`üX 13ª88 (19ª81), `“›%Ã[˝◊[˝≥V %Á`“], %_ c˜◊O â¯^Ã Á ÊY“a, Y◊â¯‰Jª Ù[Ã ˝›*
AcÕ aeïıÃ[˝„S %ÁÃ[˝C V«◊ªRÙO XT«ˆX Y“[˝µ˘ --- "%Á^ÔÓ %ÁV`Ô C mSyÃ^' A[˝e "X[˝LXΩ'
--- ^«N˛ c˜„Ã^‰ªK˜*
Y«X]«ÔV–S: 19ª85, `“›%Ã[˝◊[˝≥V %Á`“], `“›%Ã[˝◊[˝≥V %Á`“] ÊY“a, Y◊â¯‰ªJÙÃ[˝›
7] aeïıÃ[˝S: 1992, `“›%Ã[˝◊[˝≥V %Á`“], `“›%Ã[˝◊[˝≥V %Á`“] ÊY“a, Y◊â¯‰ªJÙÃ[˝›* AcÕ
aeïıÃ[˝„S `“›%Ã[˝◊[˝≥V Y“Vw¯ cÕeÃ[˝ÁL› [˝N ˛TˆÁ (30 Â], 1909) "Uttarpara
Speech'-AÃ[˝ [˝ÜÁX«[˝ÁV "=w¯Ã[˝YÁQÕˆÁ %◊\ˆ\ˆÁbS' ^«N˛ c˜Ã^* [˝_Á[˝Áß_Ó, "[˝Áe_Á
Ã[˝ªJÙXÁ'Ã^ %◊\ˆ\ˆÁbS◊ªRÙO G c˜›Tˆ c˜Ã^◊X*
Y«X]«ÔV–S: 1996
Y f 7 EıÁÃ[˝ÁEıÁ◊c˜X›:
1314 aÁ„_ Y“[˝◊Tˆ¤Tˆ E«ı]«◊VX› [˝a«Ã[˝ a+ÁVXÁÃ^ ]Á◊aEı "a«Y“\ˆÁTˆ' Y◊≈yEıÁ
c˜„Tˆ aeG c˜›Tˆ* AcÕ Y◊≈yEıÁÃ^ W˝Á[Ã ˝Á[˝Á◊c˜Eı\ˆÁ„[˝ XÃ^◊ªRÙO aeFÓÁÃ^ Y“EıÁ◊`Tˆ (1909-
10)* `“›%Ã[˝◊[˝≥V [˝Áe_Á„V` ÂU„Eı ªJÙ„_ %ÁaÁÃ^ Ã[˝ªJÙXÁ◊ªRÙO %a+…SÔ ÂU„Eı ^ÁÃ^*
TÛÓYt› 667
AcÕ %a+…SÔ Ã[˝ªJÙXÁcÕ G–„‹öˆÃ[˝ %‹ôˆ\«ˆ¤N˛ EıÃ[˝Á c˜Ã^*

Y f 54 EıÁÃ[˝ÁG c˜ C ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁ:
Y“U] Y“EıÁ`: "\ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ›' %ÁbÁªRÕÙ 1316; AcÕ Y“[˝µ˘◊ªRÙO "EıÁÃ[˝ÁEıÁ◊c˜X›' G–„‹öˆ Y“U]
c˜cÕ„Tˆ ^«N˛ c˜Ã^*
Y f 62 %Á^ÔÓ %ÁV`Ô C mSyÃ^:
Y“U] Y“EıÁ`: "\ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ›' \ˆÁV– 1316; Y“[˝µ˘◊ªRÙO "LG~Á„UÃ[˝ Ã[˝U' aeEı_X-
G–‹öˆ◊ªRÙOÃ[˝ (1] aeïıÃ[˝S: 1921) %‹ôˆ\«ˆ¤N˛ EıÃ[˝Á c˜Ã^* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ "[˝Áe_Á Ã[˝ªJÙXÁ'Ã[˝
◊[˝bÃ^m◊_ Y«X◊[˝ÔXÓÁa EıÁ„_ AcÕ Y“[˝µ˘◊ªRÙO "EıÁÃ[˝ÁEıÁ◊c˜X›'Ã[˝ a„Ü ^«N˛ c˜Ã^*
TˆÁÃ[˝Y„Ã[˝ ]«◊V–Tˆ "EıÁÃ[˝ÁEıÁ◊c˜X›'Ã[˝ Y UEı aeïıÃ[˝Sm◊_„TˆC Y“[˝µ˘◊ªRÙOÃ[˝ X[˝_ç˘
ÿöˆÁX [˝LÁÃ^ UÁ„Eı* AFX Y“[˝µ˘◊ªRÙO "LG~Á„UÃ[˝ Ã[˝U' C "EıÁÃ[˝ÁEıÁ◊c˜X›' V«◊ªRÙO
G–„‹öˆcÕ YÁCÃ^Á ^Á„[˝*
Y f 71 X[˝LXΩ:
Y“U] Y“EıÁ`: "W˝∂ˆÇÔ' 14 \ˆÁV– 1316; Y“[˝µ˘◊ªRÙO "W˝∂ˆÇÔ' Y◊≈yEıÁÃ^ "%„`ÁEı X≥V›'
◊`„Ã[˝ÁXÁ„] ]«◊V–Tˆ c˜„Ã^◊ªK˜_* %TˆfYÃ[˝ [˝Tˆ¤]ÁX ◊`„Ã[˝ÁXÁ„] "W˝∂ˆÇÔ C LÁTˆ›Ã^TˆÁ'
(1] aeïıÃ[˝S: \ˆÁV– 1327) aeEı_X-G–„‹öˆ ÿöˆÁX _Á\ˆ Eı„Ã[˝* Y…[˝Ô Y“[˝µ˘◊ªRÙOÃ[˝
]Tˆ A◊ªRÙOC "[˝Áe_Á Ã[˝ªJÙXÁ'Ã^ "EıÁÃ[˝ÁEıÁ◊c˜X›'Ã[˝ a„Ü ^«N˛ c˜Ã^ C TˆÁÃ[˝Y„Ã[˝ ]«◊V–Tˆ
Y UEı "EıÁÃ[˝ÁEıÁ◊c˜X›'Ã[˝ aeïıÃ[˝Sm◊_„TˆC AcÕ ae^«◊N˛ %ªªR«ÙOªRÙO Ã[˝ÁFÁ c˜Ã^* EıÁ„LcÕ
AcÕ Y“[˝µ˘◊ªRÙOC V«cÕª◊ªRÙO Y UEı G–„‹öˆ YÁCÃ^Á ^Á„[˝*
1316 aÁ„_ Y“EıÁ◊`Tˆ `“›%Ã[˝◊[˝≥V a+Á◊VTˆ aÁäÁ◊c˜Eı "W˝∂ˆÇÔ' Y◊≈yEıÁ c˜„Tˆ aeEı◊_Tˆ*
Y“EıÁ`Yt›:
1] aeïıÃ[˝S: \ˆÁV– 1327, Ã[˝Á„]`üÃ[˝ ÂV, Y“[˝wÔ¯Eı YÁ[˝◊_◊è c˜Á=a, ªJÙ≥VXXGÃ[˝
2Ã^ aeïıÃ[˝S: %ÁbÁªRÕÙ 1329, Ã[˝Á„]`üÃ[˝ ÂV, Y“[˝wÔ¯Eı YÁ[˝◊_◊è c˜Á=a, ªJÙ≥VXXGÃ[˝
3Ã^ aeïıÃ[˝S: %Á◊`üX 133ª8, Ã[˝Á„]`üÃ[˝ ÂV, Ã[˝Á„]`üÃ[˝ AÓÁâ¯ ÂEıÁe, ªJÙ≥VXXGÃ[˝
4UÔ aeïıÃ[˝S: ÈLÓúˆ 1353, %Á^ÔÓ YÁ[˝◊_◊è c˜Á=a, Eı◊_EıÁTˆÁ; `“›%Ã[˝◊[˝≥V %Á`“]
ÊY“a, Y◊â¯‰ªJÙÃ[˝›„Tˆ ]«◊V–Tˆ*
5] aeïıÃ[˝S: %G–c˜ÁÃ^S 1364, `“›%Ã[˝◊[˝≥V %Á`“] EıT ˆ¤Eı %Á`“] ÊY“„a ]«◊V–Tˆ*
6úˆ aeïıÃ[˝S: 1977, `“›%Ã[˝◊[˝≥V %Á`“] ÆœÙÁ∫ªRÙO, %_ cÕ◊â¯Ã^Á ÊY“a, Y◊â¯‰ªJÙÃ[˝›* AcÕ
aeïı[Ã ˝„SÃ[˝ c˜]O ◊Y“≥Rª ÙO Y úˆÁ y”◊ªRÙÔ N« ˛ C %a+…S*Ô ]«◊V–Tˆ 1] aeïı[Ã ˝„SÃ[˝ TˆÁ◊Ã[˝F \«ˆ_
(1327-AÃ[˝ ÿöˆ„_ 1927) C [˝Tˆ¤]ÁX aeïıÃ[˝„SÃ[˝ y‘◊]Eı aeFÓÁÃ[˝ =‰{F XÁcÕ*
1969 aÁ„_Ã[˝ "]…_ [˝ÁÜ_Á [Ã ˝Jª ÙXÁ[˝_›' c˜„TˆcÕ "W˝∂ˆÇÔ C LÁTˆ›^Ã TˆÁ' %e` Y…[˝YÔ E“ ıÁ◊`Tˆ
Y UEı G–„‹öˆÃ[˝ ÂU„Eı [˝ß_ Y◊Ã[˝]Á„S Y◊Ã[˝[˝◊Tˆ¤Tˆ c˜„Ã^ ^ÁÃ^* "W˝∂ˆÇÔ' A[˝e "LÁTˆ›Ã^TˆÁ'
Y UEı %e` ◊cãÁ„[˝ =YÿöˆÁ◊YTˆ EıÃ[˝Á c˜Ã^* TˆÁÃ[˝YÃ[˝ ◊[˝bÃ^-aÁV „`ÓÃ[˝ LXÓ "G›TˆÁÃ[˝
W˝∂ˆÇÔ', "a~ÓÁa C TˆÓÁG' A[˝e "◊[˝`üÃ[˝÷Y V`ÔX' ÿöˆÁXÁ‹ôˆ◊Ã[˝Tˆ Eı„Ã[˝ G›TˆÁ `›bÔEı %e„`
◊X„Ã^ ^ÁCÃ^Á c˜Ã^; "=Y◊XbV' C "Y«Ã[˝ÁS'C Y UEı EıÃ[˝Á c˜Ã^* "X[˝LXΩ' Y“[˝µ˘◊ªRÙO
"EıÁÃ[˝ÁEıÁ◊c˜X›'Ã[˝ Â`„b ^«N˛ c˜Ã^* AcÕ ªK˜Ã^◊ªRÙO Y“[˝µ˘ ◊[˝^«N˛ c˜Ã^ [˝‰ªRÙO, %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ %XÓY„l˘
XT«ˆX ªK˜Ã^◊ªRÙO Y“[˝µ˘ ^«N˛ c˜Ã^ --- ªJÙÁÃ[˝◊ªRÙO "◊[˝◊[˝W˝ Ã[˝ªJÙXÁ' Y«ÿôÊı c˜„Tˆ C V«◊ªRÙO "LG~Á„UÃ[˝ Ã[˝U'
c˜„Tˆ*
Y“aÜTˆ [˝_Á ^ÁÃ^, "◊[˝◊[˝W˝ Ã[˝ªJÙXÁ' G–„‹öˆÃ[˝ %XÓÁXÓ Y“[˝µ˘C ◊\ˆ~ ◊\ˆ~ %e„` ◊[˝\ˆN˛
Eı„Ã[˝ ÂVCÃ^ÁÃ[˝ Zı„_ "[˝Áe_Á Ã[˝ªJÙXÁ'Ã[˝ ]„W˝Ó AcÕ G–‹öˆ◊ªRÙOÃ[˝ Y UEı %◊ÿôˆ±ºˆ Â_ÁY ÂY„Ã^◊ªK˜_*
ªJÙT«ÛÔ aeïıÃ[˝„SÃ[˝ AcÕ %e„` %ÁÃ[˝C aÁTˆ◊ªRÙO XT«ˆX Y“[˝µ˘ ^«N˛ Eı'„Ã[˝ EıÁ_y‘]ÁX«aÁ„Ã[˝
a]ÿôˆ Ã[˝ªJÙXÁm◊_„Eı V«cÕ\ˆÁ„G ◊[˝\ˆN˛ EıÃ[˝Á c˜_: Y“ÁEÀı Y◊â¯‰ªJÙÃ[˝› Y[˝Ô C Y◊â¯‰ªJÙÃ[˝› Y[˝Ô*
Y“ÁEÀı Y◊â¯‰ªJÙÃ[˝› Y„[˝ÔÃ[˝ Ã[˝ªJÙXÁm◊_ "LÁTˆ›Ã^TˆÁ' %e„` a◊~„[˝◊`Tˆ EıÃ[˝Á c˜_ A[˝e %XÓ
Ã[˝ªJÙXÁm◊_Ã[˝ LXÓ ◊`„Ã[˝ÁXÁ] "◊[˝◊[˝W˝ Ã[˝ªJÙXÁ' Ã[˝cÕ_*
[˝Tˆ¤]ÁX aeïıÃ[˝„SÃ[˝ "W˝∂ˆÇÔ C LÁTˆ›Ã^TˆÁ'Ã^ ]«◊V–Tˆ Y“[˝µ˘m◊_Ã[˝ Y“U] Y“EıÁ` C
%ÁX«b◊ÜEı TÛÓ ◊X‰ªJÙ ÂVCÃ^Á c˜_* Y“ÁÃ^ a]ÿôˆ Y“[˝µ˘ "W˝∂ˆÇÔ' Y◊≈yEıÁ c˜„Tˆ G c˜›Tˆ
c˜„Ã^‰ªK˜, [˝Ó◊Tˆy‘] Âl˘‰y Y◊≈yEıÁÃ[˝ XÁ] (^«GÁ‹ôˆÃ[˝) =‰{F %Á‰ªK˜*
Y f 77 %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ W˝∂ˆÇÔ: 7 \ˆÁV– 1316
Y f 80 ]ÁÃ^Á: 21 \ˆÁV– 1316
Y f 84 %c˜·¯ÁÃ[˝: 4 %Á◊`üX 1316
Y f 86 ◊X[˝ ◊w¯: 6 %G–c˜ÁÃ^S 1316
Y f ª88 Y“ÁEıÁ]Ó: 12, 19 ÂYÏb 1316
"W˝∂ˆÇÔ' Y◊≈yEıÁÃ^ "Y“ÁEıÁ]Ó'Ã[˝ =Y„Ã[˝ %ÁÃ[˝C AEı◊ªRÙO ◊`„Ã[˝ÁXÁ] "%rÙ◊a◊à˘' ]«◊V–Tˆ
%Á‰ªK˜*
Y f 92 ÿôˆ[˝‰ÿôˆÁy: 2 ZıÁì«X 1316
TÛÓYt› 669
Y f 95 %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ Ã[˝ÁLX›◊TÊı %ÁV`Ô: "^«GÁ‹ôˆÃ[˝' 25 ËªJÙy 1312 (XT«ˆX ae„^ÁLX);

aÁäÁ◊c˜Eı "^«GÁ‹ôˆÃ[˝'-AÃ[˝ 3Ã^ aeFÓÁÃ^ A◊ªRÙO Y“EıÁ◊`Tˆ c˜Ã^*
Y“[˝µ˘◊Rª ÙO =]Á ]«„FÁYÁW˝ÓÁÃ^, c˜◊[Ã ˝VÁa ]«„FÁYÁW˝ÓÁÃ^ Y“S›Tˆ ""\ˆÁ[Ã ˝„Tˆ[Ã ˝ ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁ
%Á„≥VÁ_„X "^«GÁ‹ôˆÃ[˝' Y◊≈yEıÁÃ[˝ VÁX [˝Á `“›%Ã[˝◊[˝≥V C [˝Áe_ÁÃ^ ◊[˝Y¿[˝[˝ÁV''
c˜„Tˆ G c˜›Tˆ*
Y f 101 ◊]UÓÁÃ[˝ Y…LÁ: "^«GÁ‹ôˆÃ[˝', `“Á[˝S 1314 (XT«ˆX ae„^ÁLX)
AcÕ Y“[˝µ˘◊ªRÙOC Y…[˝Ô Y“[˝„µ˘Ã[˝ ]„TˆÁ =◊{◊FTˆ G–‹öˆ c˜„Tˆ G c˜›Tˆ*
Y f 103 %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ [˝wÔ¯]ÁX Ã[˝ÁLX›◊TÊı %[˝ÿöˆÁ: 7 \ˆÁV– 1316 (XT«ˆX ae„^ÁLX)
Y f 106 LÁTˆ›Ã^ =xÁX: 4 %Á◊`üX 1316
AcÕ Y“[˝µ˘◊ªRÙO "W˝∂ˆÇÔ'„Tˆ "LÁTˆ›Ã^ =xÁX C LÁ◊TˆGTˆ ◊[˝„•b' ◊`„Ã[˝ÁXÁ„] ]«◊V–Tˆ
c˜„Ã^◊ªK˜_*
Y f 110 %Tˆ›„TˆÃ[˝ a]aÓÁ: 11 %Á◊`üX 1316
AcÕ Y“[˝µ˘◊ªRÙO "W˝∂ˆÇÔ'„Tˆ "%Tˆ›„TˆÃ[˝ a]aÓÁ C \ˆ◊[˝bÓ„TˆÃ[˝ cÕ◊ÜTˆ' ◊`„Ã[˝ÁXÁ„]
]«◊V–Tˆ c˜„Ã^◊ªK˜_*
Y f 116 ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁÃ[˝ %UÔ: 25 %Á◊`üX 1316
Y f 118 ◊c˜„Ã[˝Á[˝…◊] cÕ„TˆÁ: 22 EıÁ◊Tˆ¤Eı 1316
Y“[˝µ˘◊ªRÙO "LG~Á„UÃ[˝ Ã[˝U' G–„‹öˆ 2Ã^ aeïıÃ[˝S c˜„Tˆ %‹ôˆ\«ˆ¤N˛ EıÃ[˝Á %Á‰ªK˜*
Y f 120 ÂEıÁ◊Ã[˝Ã^Á C LÁYÁX: 22 EıÁ◊Tˆ¤Eı 1316 (XT«ˆX ae„^ÁLX);
SABCL Vol. 27, Supplement-A Y“EıÁ◊`Tˆ
Y f 124 ÂV` C LÁTˆ›Ã^TˆÁ: 20 %G–c˜ÁÃ^S 1316

Y f 127 %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ %Á`Á: 4 ]ÁH 1316
Y f 130 %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ◊XÃ[˝Á`Á: 1ª8 ]ÁH 1316 (XT«ˆX ae„^ÁLX)
Y f 132 Y“ÁªJÙÓ C YÁ∏JÙÁTˆÓ: 1ª8 ]ÁH 1316
Y f 136 }ÁT ˆ±ºˆ: 25 ]ÁH 1316
Y f 140 \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ›Ã^ ◊ªJÙy◊[˝VÓÁ: 9 ZıÁì«X 1316
"W˝∂ˆÇÔ' Y◊≈yEıÁÃ^ Y“EıÁ◊`Tˆ ◊X∂oˆ◊_◊FTˆ Ã[˝ªJÙXÁm◊_ `“›%Ã[˝◊[˝≥V ◊_◊FTˆ ◊EıXÁ ◊Xfae`„Ã^

◊XSÔÃ^ EıÃ[˝Á ÂG_ XÁ A[˝e ÂacÕ EıÁÃ[˝„S G c˜›Tˆ c˜Ã^◊X:
%Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ Ã[˝ÁL‰V–Ác˜ (1ª8 %Á◊`üX 1216); Ã[˝ÁL‰V–Ác˜ %ÁcÕX (1 EıÁ◊Tˆ¤Eı 1316);
◊c˜≥V«a\ˆÁ (22 EıÁ◊Tˆ¤Eı 1316); ]c˜Á„V„[˝Ã[˝ Tˆ„]Á\ˆÁ[˝ (29 EıÁ◊Tˆ¤Eı 1316); ]ÁÃ^Á[˝›Ã[˝
]ÁÃ^Á (6 %G–c˜ÁÃ^S 1316); \ˆÁÃ[˝„TˆÃ[˝ ◊XV–Á (26 ÂYÏb 1316)*
"W˝∂ˆÇÔ' Y◊≈yEıÁÃ[˝ a+ÁVEı›Ã^

a+ÁVEı›Ã^ Y“[˝µ˘Á[˝_›Ã[˝ ◊`„Ã[˝ÁXÁ] ◊V„Ã^ AEı◊ªRÙO XT«ˆX a…ªJÙ›Yy 663 Y úˆÁÃ^ ÂVCÃ^Á
c˜_* _l˘S›Ã^ Â^ "LÁTˆ›Ã^ ÂHÁbSÁYy' ◊`„Ã[˝ÁXÁ„] V«◊ªRÙO A[˝e "^«N˛ ]c˜Áa\ˆÁ' ◊`„Ã[˝ÁXÁ„]
◊TˆX◊ªRÙO Ã[˝ªJÙXÁ %Á‰ªK˜* "30Â` %Á◊`üX' ◊`„Ã[˝ÁXÁ„] AEı◊ªRÙO a+ÁVEı›Ã^ Ã[˝ªJÙXÁ %Á‰ªK˜ A[˝e
Y◊Ã[˝◊`rÙ \ˆÁ„GC CcÕ ◊`„Ã[˝ÁXÁ„] %YÃ[˝ AEı◊ªRÙO Ã[˝ªJÙXÁ ^«N˛ c˜„Ã^‰ªK˜*
AcÕ a+ÁVEı›Ã^ Y“[˝µ˘m◊_ ""W˝∂ˆÇÔ'' ◊`„Ã[˝ÁXÁ„] Y«ÿôÊıÁEıÁ„Ã[˝ Y“EıÁ◊`Tˆ c˜Ã^ 1970
aÁ„_ A[˝e Y„Ã[˝ 19ª88 aÁ„_ Y«X]«Ô≈◊V–Tˆ c˜Ã^*
Y“EıÁÈı: `“›%Ã[˝◊[˝≥V %Á`“] ÆœÙÁ∫ªRÙO; ]«V–Eı: `“›%Ã[˝◊[˝≥V %Á`“] ÊY“a, Y◊â¯‰ªJÙÃ[˝›
Y UEı Y«ÿôÊıÁEıÁ„Ã[˝ Y“EıÁ„`Ã[˝ Y…„[˝ÔcÕ AcÕm◊_ "[˝Áe_Á Ã[˝ªJÙXÁ'Ã^ 1] aeïıÃ[˝S c˜„Tˆ
ÿöˆÁX_Á\ˆ Eı„Ã[˝◊ªK˜_*
ªJÙT«ÛÔ aeïıÃ[˝„S XT«ˆX ae„^Á◊LTˆ c˜_:
Y f 157 ◊Ã[˝„LÃ[˝ ◊[˝„bÁVGÁÃ[˝ (14 \ˆÁV– 1316)
Y f 214 ^«N˛ ]c˜Áa\ˆÁ (5 ÂYÏb 1316)
ª Yá˚] aeïıÃ[˝„S XT«ˆX ae„^ÁLX:
Y f 205 Ã[˝„]`ªJÙ≥V– Vw¯ (14 \ˆÁV– 1316)
◊X∂oˆ◊_◊FTˆ Ã[˝ªJÙXÁm◊_ ªJÙT«ÛÔ aeïıÃ[˝„S [˝◊L¤Tˆ c˜„Ã^‰ªK˜; YÁ„` T ˆTˆ›Ã^ aeïıÃ[˝„SÃ[˝
Y úˆÁ aeFÓÁm◊_ =‰{F EıÃ[˝Á c˜_:
TˆÁÃ[˝ÁY«„Ã[˝ ◊ªJÙ◊XÃ[˝ Eı_ (Y f 195); [˝Ü_©ø› EıªRÙOX ◊]_ (Y f 204); E ıb’◊]„_Ã[˝
◊]UÓÁ %Y[˝ÁV (Y f 207); Y“c˜ÁÃ[˝„EıÃ[˝ Y◊Ã[˝ªJÙÃ^ (Y f 246)*
"TˆÁÃ[˝ÁY«„Ã[˝ ◊ªJÙ◊XÃ[˝ Eı_' C "[˝Ü_©ø› EıªRÙOX ◊]_'-AÃ[˝ Y“aÜ "W˝∂ˆÇÔ'„Tˆ %XÓyC
%Á‰ªK˜* ÂacÕm◊_ [˝L¤X Eı„Ã[˝ ]Áy AcÕ V«◊ªRÙO ]«◊V–Tˆ EıÃ[˝Á %„^Ï◊N˛Eı [˝„_ ]„X c˜Ã^*
TˆÁªK˜ÁQÕˆÁ AcÕm◊_ a]aÁ]◊ÃÊı ae[˝ÁV-Y“W˝ÁX Ã[˝ªJÙXÁ A[˝e %„Yl˘ÁE ıTˆ mÃ[˝”±ºˆc˜›X* AcÕ
AEıcÕ EıÁÃ[˝„S "E ıb’◊]„_Ã[˝ ◊]UÓÁ %Y[˝ÁV' G c˜›Tˆ c˜Ã^◊X* "Y“c˜ÁÃ[˝„EıÃ[˝ Y◊Ã[˝ªJÙÃ^' [˝L¤X
EıÃ[˝ÁÃ[˝ %Á„Ã[˝Á AEı◊ªRÙO EıÁÃ[˝S %Á‰ªK˜* AcÕ Y“c˜Á„Ã[˝Ã[˝ EıÁ◊c˜X› AEı◊ªRÙO Y…[˝Ô[˝Tˆfi Ã[˝ªJÙXÁ "AEı◊ªRÙO
aTˆÓ HªRÙOXÁ' ◊`„Ã[˝ÁXÁ„] "W˝∂ˆÇÔ'„Tˆ Y“EıÁ◊`Tˆ c˜„Ã^◊ªK˜_* EıÁ„LcÕ, Y“c˜Á„Ã[˝Ã[˝ EıUÁ [˝ÁV ◊V„Ã^
TÛÓYt› 671
£W˝«]Áy Y“c˜ÁÃ[˝„EıÃ[˝ ◊[˝bÃ^ ]«◊V–Tˆ XÁ EıÃ[˝ÁcÕ ◊[˝„W˝Ã^ ]„X c˜_*

"mÃ[˝” ÂGÁ◊[˝≥V ◊aec˜' Ã[˝ªJÙXÁ◊ªRÙOÃ[˝ LXÓ "[˝Áe_Á Ã[˝ªJÙXÁ'Ã[˝ aeïıÃ[˝Sm◊_„Tˆ AEıªRÙOÁ Y UEı
%e` ◊XW˝ÔÁ◊Ã[˝Tˆ ◊ªK˜_* Y“[˝µ˘◊ªRÙO Y UEı %e„` ]«◊V–Tˆ c˜„_C 1] aeïıÃ[˝„SÃ[˝ a…ªJÙ›Y‰y
TˆÁÃ[˝ ÛÁÛ ◊X„V¤` ÂXcÕ; "LÁTˆ›Ã^TˆÁ' %e„`Ã[˝ a„Ü A◊ªRÙO ^«N˛ EıÃ[˝Á ◊ªK˜_* ªJÙT«ÛÔ
aeïıÃ[˝„S Ã[˝ªJÙXÁ◊ªRÙO "W˝∂ˆÇÔ' Y◊≈yEıÁÃ[˝ a+ÁVEı›Ã^ Ã[˝ªJÙXÁm◊_Ã[˝ ]„W˝Ó a◊~◊[˝rÙ c˜_* [˝ÿô«ˆTˆ
AcÕ Y“[˝µ˘◊ªRÙO "W˝∂ˆÇÔ'„Tˆ a+ÁVEı›Ã^ Ã[˝ªJÙXÁ ◊cãÁ„[˝cÕ Y“EıÁ◊`Tˆ c˜„Ã^◊ªK˜_*
AcÕ a+ÁVEı›Ã^ %e„`Ã[˝ Y◊Ã[˝◊`‰rÙ V«◊ªRÙO XT«ˆX Ã[˝ªJÙXÁ ae„^Á◊LTˆ c˜„Ã^‰ªK˜ --- AcÕ
V«◊ªRÙOcÕ "W˝∂ˆÇÔ' Y◊≈yEıÁ [˝◊c˜\«ˆ¤Tˆ*
Y“U]: BEıÓ C ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁ (Y f 237) SABCL, Vol. 27 c˜„Tˆ G c˜›Tˆ* ÂaFÁ„X
Y“[˝µ˘◊ªRÙO [˝„Ã[˝ÁVÁÃ^ UÁEıÁEıÁ_›X Ã[˝◊ªJÙTˆ [˝_Á %Á‰ªK˜* YÁPˆÓ„Tˆ %Á‰ªK˜ ]ÁV–Á„L LÁTˆ›Ã^
a\ˆÁÃ[˝ >X◊[˝e` %◊W˝„[˝`„XÃ[˝ EıUÁ* AcÕ %◊W˝„[˝`X Â^„c˜T«ˆ 1903 aÁ„_ ◊Qˆ„a∂ëˆÃ[˝
]Á„a %X«◊úˆTˆ c˜„Ã^◊ªK˜_, %Á]Ã[˝Á W˝„Ã[˝ ◊X„Tˆ YÁ◊Ã[˝ 1904 aÁ„_Ã[˝ Y“U] ◊V„Eı A◊ªRÙO Ã[˝◊ªJÙTˆ
c˜„Ã^◊ªK˜_*
◊•Tˆ›Ã^: 30Â` %Á◊`üX (Y f 239) AEı◊ªRÙO L›SÔ YÁâ«¯◊_◊Y c˜„Tˆ =à˘ÁÃ[˝ EıÃ[˝Á
c˜„Ã^‰ªK˜* Ã[˝ªJÙXÁ◊ªRÙO YÁ‰Pˆ %X«◊]Tˆ c˜Ã^ Â^ AªRÙOÁ 190ª8 aÁ„_ Ã[˝◊ªJÙTˆ c˜„Ã^◊ªK˜_* AcÕ Ã[˝ªJÙXÁ◊ªRÙO
a+ÁVEı›Ã^ "30Â` %Á◊`üX' (Y f 186) Y“[˝µ˘◊ªRÙO c˜‰Tˆ Y UEı*
AcÕ G–„‹öˆÃ[˝ "Y“EıÁ`„EıÃ[˝ EıUÁ'Ã^ Y“U] %X«‰¨K˜„V [˝_Á c˜„Ã^‰ªK˜: ""`“›%Ã[˝◊[˝„≥VÃ[˝ AcÕ
[˝Áe_Á Â_FÁm◊_ TgˆÁÃ[˝ FaQÕˆÁ FÁTˆÁ ÂU„Eı G c˜›Tˆ* Am◊_ ◊Tˆ◊X %Á„VÏ ◊•Tˆ›Ã^[˝ÁÃ[˝ ÂV„F
◊V„Tˆ YÁ„Ã[˝X◊X --- Â^]X %ÁX„EıÁÃ[˝Á %[˝ÿöˆÁÃ^ ◊ªK˜_ ÂTˆ]◊X ªK˜ÁYÁX c˜_*''
AcÕ G–‹öˆÁe„` %„XEı Y◊Ã[˝[˝Tˆ¤X EıÃ[˝Á c˜_* Â[˝V C =Y◊XbV aey‘Á‹ôˆ Â`b ªK˜Ã^◊ªRÙO
Y“[˝µ˘ ÿöˆÁXÁ‹ôˆ◊Ã[˝Tˆ Eı„Ã[˝ XT«ˆX ◊[˝\ˆÁ„G ◊X„Ã^ ^ÁCÃ^Á c˜„Ã^‰ªK˜* AEı◊ªRÙO XT«ˆX Ã[˝ªJÙXÁC "]ÁX[˝
a]Á„LÃ[˝ ◊TˆX y‘]'-AÃ[˝ Â`bÁe„`Ã[˝ YÁâ«¯◊_◊Y %Á◊[˝õ ıTˆ c˜„Ã^‰ªK˜* Âam◊_ AFÁ„X
a◊~„[˝◊`Tˆ c˜_* AªK˜ÁQÕˆÁC, "LG~Á„UÃ[˝ Ã[˝U' Y“[˝µ˘◊ªRÙO AFÁ„X ^«N˛ c˜„Ã^‰ªK˜*
"◊[˝◊[˝W˝ Ã[˝ªJÙXÁ'Ã[˝ Â`bÁe„` Y“Vw¯ Eı◊[˝TˆÁm◊_ ªJÙT«ÛÔ aeïıÃ[˝„S "Eı◊[˝TˆÁ' %e„`
ÿöˆÁXÁ‹ôˆ◊Ã[˝Tˆ EıÃ[˝Á c˜„Ã^‰ªK˜*
1] aeïıÃ[˝S: 1955, `“›%Ã[˝◊[˝≥V %Á`“], Y◊â¯‰ªJÙÃ[˝›, `“›%Ã[˝◊[˝≥V %Á`“] ÊY“„a ]«◊V–Tˆ*
2Ã^ aeïıÃ[˝S: 1975, B* G–„‹öˆÃ[˝ Â`„b %ÁªRÙO Y úˆÁ [˝ÓÁY› AEı◊ªRÙO Eı◊[˝TˆÁÃ[˝ %e` ^«N˛
c˜Ã^*
ªJÙT«ÛÔ aeïıÃ[˝„S Y“Áa◊ÜEı Y“[˝µ˘m◊_Ã[˝ TÛÓÁ◊V ◊X‰ªJÙ ÂVCÃ^Á c˜_:
Y f 243 Y«Ã[˝ÁTˆX C X…TˆX: Ã[˝ªJÙXÁEıÁ_ %ÁX«]Á◊XEı 191ª8

Y f 244 Y…SÔTˆÁ: Ã[˝ªJÙXÁEıÁ_ %ÁX«]Á◊XEı 191ª8, ◊`„Ã[˝ÁXÁ]◊ªRÙO a+ÁVEı Y“Vw¯,
YÁâ«¯◊_◊Y„Tˆ XÁcÕ*
Y f 245 Y…SÔ„^Á„GÃ[˝ ]«FÓ _l˘S: Ã[˝ªJÙXÁEıÁ_ %ÁX«]Á◊XEı 191ª8 (XT«ˆX ae„^ÁLX)*
Y f 248 ]ÁX[˝ a]Á„LÃ[˝ ◊TˆX y‘]: Ã[˝ªJÙXÁEıÁ_ %ÁX«]Á◊XEı 191ª8
YÁâ«¯◊_◊Y„Tˆ ÂEıÁX ◊`„Ã[˝ÁXÁ] XÁcÕ, "◊[˝◊[˝W˝ Ã[˝ªJÙXÁ' Y“EıÁÈıÁ„_ a+ÁVEı
EıT ˆ¤Eı Y“Vw¯* YÁâ«¯◊_◊YÃ[˝ Â`b ◊TˆX◊ªRÙO [˝ÁEıÓ TˆFX ]«◊V–Tˆ c˜Ã^◊X* "[˝Áe_Á
Ã[˝ªJÙXÁ'Ã[˝ T ˆTˆ›Ã^ aeïıÃ[˝„S Âam◊_ ^«N˛ c˜„Ã^‰ªK˜* ªJÙT«ÛÔ aeïıÃ[˝„S %ÁÃ[˝C
ªJÙÁ◊Ã[˝◊ªRÙO XT«ˆX %X«‰¨K˜V ae„^Á◊LTˆ c˜_*
Y f 251 a]Á„LÃ[˝ EıUÁ: Ã[˝ªJÙXÁEıÁ_ %ÁX«]Á◊XEı 191ª8
Aÿöˆ„_C Â`„bÃ[˝ [˝ÁEıÓ◊ªRÙO "[˝Áe_Á Ã[˝ªJÙXÁ'Ã[˝ T ˆTˆ›Ã^ aeïıÃ[˝„S ^«N˛ c˜„Ã^‰ªK˜* AÃ[˝
Y…„[˝Ô ]«◊V–Tˆ c˜Ã^◊X*
Y f 252 LG~Á„UÃ[˝ Ã[˝U: Y“[˝wÔ¯Eı, 30 ËªJÙy 1325
AcÕ Y“[˝µ˘◊ªRÙOÃ[˝ a„Ü %Á„Ã[˝Á V«ª◊ªRÙO Ã[˝ªJÙXÁ "%Á^ÔÓ %ÁV`Ô C mSyÃ^' C "ÿëˆY¬' ^«N˛
Eı„Ã[˝ "LG~Á„UÃ[˝ Ã[˝U' ◊`„Ã[˝ÁXÁ„]Ã[˝ G–‹öˆ◊ªRÙO Y“EıÁ◊`Tˆ c˜Ã^*
G–‹öˆ◊ªRÙOÃ[˝ Y“EıÁ`Yt›:
1] aeïıÃ[˝S: 132ª8 (1921), Ã[˝Á„]`üÃ[˝ ÂV, Y“[˝wÔ¯Eı YÁ[˝◊_◊è c˜Á=a,
JÙ≥VXXGÃ[˝
2Ã^ aeïıÃ[˝S: 1339 (1932), Ã[˝Á„]`üÃ[˝ ÂV, Y“[˝wÔ¯Eı YÁ[˝◊_◊è c˜Á=a,
ªJÙ≥VXXGÃ[˝; AcÕ aeïıÃ[˝„S %ÁÃ[˝C V«◊ªRÙO ◊[˝bÃ^ ^«N˛ c˜Ã^ --- "V«GÔÁ-ÂÿôˆÁy'
C "◊c˜„Ã[˝Á[˝…◊] cÕ„TˆÁ'*
3Ã^ aeïıÃ[˝S: 1357 (1952), `“›%Ã[˝◊[˝≥V %Á`“], Y◊â¯‰ªJÙÃ[˝›, `“›%Ã[˝◊[˝≥V
%Á`“] ÊY“„a ]«◊V–Tˆ*
4UÔ aeïıÃ[˝S: 1372 (1965), `“›%Ã[˝◊[˝≥V %Á`“], Y◊â¯‰ªJÙÃ[˝›, `“›%Ã[˝◊[˝≥V
%Á`“] ÊY“„a ]«◊V–Tˆ*
5] aeïıÃ[˝S: 1384 (1977), B
Y«X]«ÔV–S: 1990, B
[˝Áe_Á Ã[˝ªJÙXÁ„Tˆ Y…[˝Ô Y…[˝Ô aeïıÃ[˝S c˜„TˆcÕ "LG~Á„UÃ[˝ Ã[˝U' G–„‹öˆÃ[˝ Y UEı %◊ÿôˆ±ºˆ
UÁEı‰ªK˜ XÁ* ªJÙT«ÛÔ aeïıÃ[˝„SC Y“[˝µ˘m◊_ "EıÁÃ[˝ÁEıÁ◊c˜X›', "W˝∂ˆÇÔ C LÁTˆ›Ã^TˆÁ' C "◊[˝◊[˝W˝
TÛÓYt› 673
[Ã ˝Jª ÙXÁ'Ã[˝ ]„W˝Ó ◊[˝\ˆN˛ c˜„^Ã ◊G„Ã^‰ªK˜* "V«GÁÔ -ÂÿôˆÁy' "[˝Áe_Á [Ã ˝Jª ÙXÁ'Ã[˝ Y“U„]cÕ Y…[˝Ô aeïıÃ[˝„SÃ[˝
]Tˆ ÿëˆÁW˝›X\ˆÁ„[˝ a◊~„[˝◊`Tˆ c˜‰¨K˜*
G›TˆÁ
Y f 259 G›TˆÁÃ[˝ W˝∂ˆÇÔ: "W˝∂ˆÇÔ' (14 \ˆÁV– 1316); Y„Ã[˝ "W˝∂ˆÇÔ C LÁTˆ›Ã^TˆÁ' G–„‹öˆÃ[˝
%‹ôˆ\«ˆ¤N˛ c˜Ã^ (1327)*
Y f 262 a~ÓÁa C TˆÓÁG: "W˝∂ˆÇÔ' (14 \ˆÁV– 1316), Y„Ã[˝ "W˝∂ˆÇÔ C LÁTˆ›Ã^TˆÁ' G–„‹öˆÃ[˝
%‹ôˆ\«ˆ¤N˛ c˜Ã^ (1327)*
=Y„Ã[˝Ã[˝ Y“[˝µ˘ V«◊ªRÙO 13ª89 aÁ„_ "G›TˆÁÃ[˝ \…ˆ◊]EıÁ' G–„‹öˆC Y◊Ã[˝◊`rÙ
◊cãÁ„[˝ ae„^Á◊LTˆ c˜Ã^*
Y f 266 ◊[˝`üÃ[˝÷Y V`ÔX: "W˝∂ˆÇÔ' (25 ]ÁH 1316); Y„Ã[˝ "W˝∂ˆÇÔ C LÁTˆ›Ã^TˆÁ' G–„‹öˆÃ[˝
%‹ôˆ\«ˆ¤N˛ c˜Ã^ (1327)* 134ª8 aÁ„_ "G›TˆÁÃ[˝ \…ˆ◊]EıÁ' G–„‹öˆC Y◊Ã[˝◊`rÙ
◊cãÁ„[˝ ^«N˛ c˜Ã^*
Y f 270 G›TˆÁÃ[˝ \…ˆ◊]EıÁ: "W˝∂ˆÇÔ' Y◊≈yEıÁÃ^ 1ª8 %Á◊`üX c˜„Tˆ 2 ZıÁì«X, 1316 "G›TˆÁ'
◊`„Ã[˝ÁXÁ„] ]«◊V–Tˆ* Y„Ã[˝ G–‹öˆÁEıÁ„Ã[˝ [˝Tˆ¤]ÁX ◊`„Ã[˝ÁXÁ„] Y“EıÁ◊`Tˆ c˜Ã^* G–‹öˆ◊ªRÙOÃ[˝
Y“EıÁ`Yt› ◊X‰ªJÙ ÂVCÃ^Á c˜_*
1] aeïı[Ã ˝S: %Á◊`üX 1327, [Ã ˝Á„]`ü[Ã ˝ ÂV, Y“[˝w¯Ô Eı YÁ[˝◊_◊è c˜Á=a, Jª Ù≥VXXGÃ[˝
2Ã^ aeïıÃ[˝S: ZıÁì«X 1327, %_\ˆÓ
3Ã^ aeïıÃ[˝S: ZıÁì«X 1334, [˝Á◊Ã[˝VEıÁ◊‹ôˆ [˝a«, %Á^ÔÓ aÁ◊c˜TˆÓ \ˆ[˝X, Eı◊_EıÁTˆÁ
4UÔ aeïı[Ã ˝S: %ÁbÁªRÙÕ 134ª8, [Ã ˝Á„]`ü[Ã ˝ ÂV, Y“[˝w¯Ô Eı YÁ[˝◊_◊è c˜Á=a, Jª Ù≥VXXGÃ[˝
=‰{F„^ÁGÓ Â^ 2Ã^ C 3Ã^ aeïıÃ[˝„S 1] aeïıÃ[˝„SÃ[˝ Y«X]«ÔV–S [˝„_
]«◊V–Tˆ c˜„Ã^◊ªK˜_ A[˝e [˝Tˆ¤]Á„X Â^◊ªRÙO„Eı 4UÔ aeïıÃ[˝S %ÁFÓÁ ÂVCÃ^Á
c˜‰¨K˜, Âa◊ªRÙO 2Ã^ aeïıÃ[˝S ◊cãÁ„[˝ ]«◊V–Tˆ ◊ªK˜_* [˝Tˆ¤]Á„X AcÕ ae„`ÁW˝„XÃ[˝
EıÁÃ[˝S YÃ[˝[˝Tˆfi aeïıÃ[˝S◊ªRÙO 5] aeïıÃ[˝S ◊cãÁ„[˝ ◊ªJÙ◊c˜‘Tˆ ◊ªK˜_*
AcÕ 4UÔ aeïıÃ[˝„ScÕ Y…„[˝ÔÁ◊{◊FTˆ "◊[˝`üÃ[˝÷Y V`ÔX' Y“[˝µ˘◊ªRÙO Y◊Ã[˝◊`rÙ
◊cãÁ„[˝ ae„^Á◊LTˆ c˜Ã^*
5] aeïıÃ[˝S: %ÁbÁªRÕÙ 135ª8, `“›%Ã[˝◊[˝≥V %Á`“], Y◊â¯‰ªJÙÃ[˝›, `“›%Ã[˝◊[˝≥V
%Á`“] ÊY“„a ]«◊V–Tˆ*
6úˆ aeïıÃ[˝S: \ˆÁV– 1376, `“›%Ã[˝◊[˝≥V %Á`“], Y◊â¯‰ªJÙÃ[˝›, `“›%Ã[˝◊[˝≥V %Á`“]
ÊY“„a ]«◊V–Tˆ*
7] aeïıÃ[˝S: %ÁG∫ªRÙO 1972, `“›%Ã[˝◊[˝≥V YÁPˆ]◊≥VÃ[˝, Eı◊_EıÁTˆÁ* =‰{FÓ,

AcÕ aeïıÃ[˝S◊ªRÙO 3Ã^ aeïıÃ[˝S ◊cãÁ„[˝ ]«◊V–Tˆ c˜„Ã^‰ªK˜* Y„Ã[˝Ã[˝ aeïıÃ[˝„S
AcÕ y”◊ªRÙO ae„`Á◊W˝Tˆ c˜„Ã^‰ªK˜*
8] aeïı[Ã ˝S: `“Á[˝S 13ª89, `“›%Ã[˝◊[˝≥V %Á`“], %_ c˜◊O â¯^Ã Á ÊY“a, Y◊â¯‰Jª Ù[Ã ˝›„Tˆ
]«◊V–Tˆ* AcÕ aeïıÃ[˝„S XT«ˆX V«◊ªRÙO Y“[˝µ˘ "G›TˆÁÃ[˝ W˝∂ˆÇÔ' A[˝e "a~ÓÁa C
TˆÓÁG' ^«N˛ c˜„Ã^‰ªK˜, TˆÁ %Á„GcÕ =‰{F EıÃ[˝Á c˜„Ã^‰ªK˜*
Y«X]«ÔV–S: 1985, 1994, `“›%Ã[˝◊[˝≥V %Á`“], Y◊â¯‰ªJÙÃ[˝›, `“›%Ã[˝◊[˝≥V
%Á`“] ÊY“„a ]«◊V–Tˆ*
AcÕ "G›TˆÁÃ[˝ \…ˆ◊]EıÁ' G–„‹öˆ Y◊Ã[˝◊`‰rÙÃ[˝ Y“[˝µ˘m◊_ ae„^ÁL„XÃ[˝
Zı„_ G›TˆÁaey‘Á‹ôˆ `“›%Ã[˝◊[˝„≥VÃ[˝ a]ÿôˆ Ã[˝ªJÙXÁcÕ AFX AEıy YÁCÃ^Á
^ÁÃ^* "[˝Áe_Á Ã[˝ªJÙXÁ'Ã[˝ ªJÙT«ÛÔ aeïıÃ[˝„S "G›TˆÁ' ◊[˝\ˆÁ„G AcÕ Y“[˝µ˘m◊_
EıÁ_ÁX«y‘„] Y◊Ã[˝„[˝◊`Tˆ c˜„Ã^‰ªK˜*
Â[˝V C =Y◊XbV
ªJÙT«ÛÔ aeïıÃ[˝„S "Â[˝V', "=Y◊XbV', "Y«Ã[˝ÁS' Y UEı Y UEı ◊[˝\ˆÁG XÁ ÂÃ[˝„F "Â[˝V C
=Y◊XbV' XÁ„] AEı◊ªªRÙO ◊[˝\ˆÁG Ã[˝ÁFÁ c˜Ã^*
Y f 327 =Y◊XbV: "W˝∂ˆÇÔ', 27 %G–c˜ÁÃ^S 1316
"W˝∂ˆÇÔ C LÁTˆ›^Ã TˆÁ' G–„‹öˆ[Ã ˝ a]ÿôˆ aeïı[Ã ˝„ScÕ Y“EıÁ◊`Tˆ c˜„^Ã ‰ªK˜* "[˝Áe_Á [Ã ˝Jª ÙXÁ'Ã[˝
1] aeïıÃ[˝„S "=Y◊XbV' %e„` ÿöˆÁXÁ‹ôˆ◊Ã[˝Tˆ EıÃ[˝Á c˜Ã^*
Y f 329 Y«Ã[˝ÁS: "W˝∂ˆÇÔ', 12 ÂYÏb 1316
AcÕ Y“[˝µ˘◊ªRÙOC Y…[˝Ô Y“[˝„µ˘Ã[˝ ]Tˆ "W˝∂ˆÇÔ C LÁTˆ›Ã^TˆÁ'Ã[˝ %‹ôˆ\«ˆ¤N˛ c˜Ã^ A[˝e
ÂaFÁX c˜„Tˆ "[˝Áe_Á Ã[˝ªJÙXÁ'Ã[˝ Y…[˝Ô aeïıÃ[˝Sm◊_„Tˆ AcÕ AEı◊ªRÙO ]Áy Y“[˝„µ˘Ã[˝
LXÓ XT«ˆX %e` Ã[˝ÁFÁ c˜Ã^*
Y f 331 <`Á =Y◊XbV: "W˝∂ˆÇÔ', 9 ZıÁì«X 1316 (XT«ˆX ae„^ÁLX)
Y f 334 =Y◊Xb„V Y…S„Ô ^ÁG: "◊[˝◊[˝W˝ [Ã ˝Jª ÙXÁ', 1955; `“›%Ã[˝◊[˝≥V %Á`“] EıTˆ ¤ Eı Y“EıÁ◊`Tˆ
C `“›%Ã[˝◊[˝≥V %Á`“] ÊY“„a ]«◊V–Tˆ* [Ã ˝Jª ÙXÁEıÁ_: %ÁX«]Á◊XEı 1912-1ª8
Y f 336 <` =Y◊XbV: "◊[˝◊[˝W˝ Ã[˝ªJÙXÁ' 1955; `“›%Ã[˝◊[˝≥V %Á`“], `“›%Ã[˝◊[˝≥V
%Á`“] ÊY“a, Y◊â¯‰ªJÙÃ[˝›
ªJÙT«ÛÔ aeïıÃ[˝„S Y“[˝µ˘◊ªRÙOÃ[˝ 3Ã^ %e`◊ªRÙO XT«ˆX ae„^ÁLX A[˝e ◊TˆX◊ªRÙO
TÛÓYt› 675
%e`cÕ ^«N˛\ˆÁ„[˝ AEı◊ªRÙO ◊`„Ã[˝ÁXÁ„]Ã[˝ %‹ôˆ\«ˆ¤N˛ EıÃ[˝Á c˜Ã^* Y…[˝Ô Y…[˝Ô aeïıÃ[˝„S
Y“U] V«cÕ %e` V«◊ªRÙO Y UEı Y UEı Y“[˝µ˘ ◊cãÁ„[˝ =YÿöˆÁ◊YTˆ EıÃ[˝Á c˜„Ã^‰ªK˜*
Y“U] Y“[˝µ˘◊ªRÙO "<`Á =Y◊XbV' ◊`„Ã[˝ÁXÁ„] "◊[˝◊[˝W˝ Ã[˝ªJÙXÁ'Ã^ ]«◊V–Tˆ c˜„Ã^◊ªK˜_;
%Á„Ã[˝Á ÂVFÁ ^ÁÃ^ "[˝Áe_Á Ã[˝ªJÙXÁ'Ã[˝ 3Ã^ aeïıÃ[˝„S Y“[˝µ˘◊ªRÙO„Tˆ %X«‰¨K˜Vm◊_Ã[˝
Y…[˝ÔÁYÃ[˝ y‘] ae„`ÁW˝X EıÃ[˝Á c˜„Ã^‰ªK˜* Ã[˝ªJÙXÁEıÁ_: %ÁX«]Á◊XEı 191ª8
Y f 341 Â[˝VÃ[˝cãÓ; "◊[˝◊[˝W˝ Ã[˝ªJÙXÁ' 1955; `“›%Ã[˝◊[˝≥V %Á`“], `“›%Ã[˝◊[˝≥V %Á`“]
ÊY“a, Y◊â¯‰ªJÙÃ[˝›*
Y„Ã[˝ Y“Áä YÁâ«¯◊_◊YÃ[˝ AEı ◊\ˆ~ [˝Ã^ÁX c˜‰TˆÙ Y“[˝µ˘◊ªRÙO XT«ˆX Eı„Ã[˝ ªJÙT«ÛÔ
aeïıÃ[˝„S ae„`ÁW˝X EıÃ[˝Á c˜„Ã^‰ªK˜* Ã[˝ªJÙXÁEıÁ_: %ÁX«]Á◊XEı 1916
Y f 347 @„GüV: "◊[˝◊[˝W˝ Ã[˝ªJÙXÁ' 1955; `“›%Ã[˝◊[˝≥V %Á`“], `“›%Ã[˝◊[˝≥V %Á`“] ÊY“a,
Y◊â¯‰ªJÙÃ[˝›*
ªJÙT«ÛÔ aeïıÃ[˝„S AcÕ Y“[˝µ˘◊ªRÙO XT«ˆX Eı„Ã[˝ aÁLÁ„XÁ c˜Ã^* Y◊Ã[˝[˝Tˆ¤X C
ae„^ÁLXm◊_Ã[˝ ]„W˝Ó =‰{F„^ÁGÓ: "Tˆ„YÁ„V[˝ %◊G¬' %ÁÃ[˝ Y UEı Y“[˝µ˘ XÁ
ÂÃ[˝„F AcÕ Ã[˝ªJÙXÁ◊ªRÙOÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó %‹ôˆ\«ˆ¤N˛ EıÃ[˝Á c˜Ã^; T ˆTˆ›Ã^ aeïıÃ[˝„SÃ[˝ "[˝Áe_Á
Ã[˝ªJÙXÁ'Ã[˝ Y“U]◊V„Eı Â^ "=bÁ‰ÿôˆÁy' a◊~„[˝◊`Tˆ c˜„Ã^◊ªK˜_, Âa◊ªRÙOC AFÁ„X
ÿöˆÁXÁ‹ôˆ◊Ã[˝Tˆ EıÃ[˝Á c˜Ã^ --- ÂEıXXÁ Âa◊ªRÙO ]…_ [˝Áe_Á XÃ^, @„GüV c˜„Tˆ %X«[˝ÁV
]Áy* XT«ˆX YÁâ«¯◊_◊Y %[˝_∂ëˆ„X YÃ[˝[˝Tˆfi @GÁUÔm◊_ ae„^Á◊LTˆ c˜Ã^ ---
Y“U] ]â¯_, a…N˛ 2, 3, 4, 5, 113; ªJÙT«ÛÔ ]â¯_, a…N˛ 1; aä] ]â¯_,
a…N˛ 70, 77; X[˝] ]â¯_, a…N˛ 1, 2, 113; V`] ]â¯_, a…N˛ 10ª8*
Ã[˝ªJÙXÁEıÁ_: %ÁX«]Á◊XEı 1916
YyÁ[˝_›
AcÕ %e„` `“›%Ã[˝◊[˝≥V ◊_◊FTˆ ^Á[˝Tˆ›Ã^ Y“Áä Yy Y◊Ã[˝„[˝◊`Tˆ c˜„Ã^‰ªK˜* AÃ[˝ Y…„[˝Ô XÁXÁ
◊`„Ã[˝ÁXÁ]ÁÃ^ XÁXÁLX„Eı ◊_◊FTˆ YyaeEı_X Y“EıÁ◊`Tˆ c˜„Ã^‰ªK˜ A[˝e TˆÁ„VÃ[˝ ae◊l˘ä
◊[˝[˝Ã[˝S Y“aÜ %ÁX«^ÁÃ^› ÂVCÃ^Á c˜_*
Y f 379 ] SÁ◊_X›„V[˝›„Eı ◊_◊FTˆ:
"%Ã[˝◊[˝„≥VÃ[˝ Yy' XÁ„] AEı◊ªRÙO aeEı_X ◊ªK˜_*
1] aeïıÃ[˝S: %_\ˆÓ
2Ã^ aeïı[Ã ˝S: \ˆÁV– 1326, [Ã ˝Á„]`ü[Ã ˝ ÂV, Y“[˝w¯Ô Eı YÁ[˝◊_◊è c˜Á=a, Jª Ù≥VXXGÃ[˝
3Ã^ aeïıÃ[˝S: %_\ˆÓ
4UÔ aeïıÃ[˝S: %_\ˆÓ

5] aeïı[Ã ˝S: \ˆÁV– 1332, %Á^ÔÓ YÁ[˝◊_◊è c˜Á=a, Eı„_L ∫ÆœÙ›Rª Ù,O Eı◊_EıÁTˆÁ*
AcÕ aeïıÃ[˝Sm◊_„Tˆ ]Áy ◊TˆX◊ªRÙO Yy YÁCÃ^Á ^ÁÃ^: 30. 8. 1905. 17.
2. 1907 A[˝e 6. 12. 1907-A ◊_◊FTˆ* AcÕ Yy ◊TˆXFÁ◊X 190ª8
aÁ„_ `“›%Ã[˝◊[˝„≥VÃ[˝ ÊG– ∫ÆœÙ›ªRÙO [˝Áa\ˆ[˝„X FÁ_ÁTˆ{Áa› Eı„Ã[˝ Y«◊_` ◊X„Ã^
^ÁÃ^ C %Á◊_Y«Ã[˝ Â[˝Á]ÁÃ[˝ ]Á]_ÁÃ^ %ÁVÁ_„Tˆ =Y◊ÿöˆTˆ Eı„Ã[˝*
6úˆ aeïıÃ[˝S: ZıÁì«X 1352, Y“EıÁÈı: %Á^ÔÓ YÁ[˝◊_◊è c˜Á=a, Eı◊_EıÁTˆÁ;
`“›%Ã[˝◊[˝≥V %Á`“] ÊY“a, Y◊â¯‰ªJÙÃ[˝›„Tˆ ]«◊V–Tˆ* AcÕ aeïıÃ[˝„S ◊`„Ã[˝ÁXÁ]
Y◊Ã[˝[˝◊Tˆ¤Tˆ c˜Ã^ ---- "%Ã[˝◊[˝„≥VÃ[˝ Yy' ÿöˆÁ„X "`“›%Ã[˝◊[˝„≥VÃ[˝ Yy' EıÃ[˝Á
c˜Ã^*
[˝Á◊Ã[˝X ÂHÁb„Eı Â_FÁ "Y◊â¯‰ªJÙÃ[˝› Yy'C AÃ[˝ Â`bÁ„W˝Ô ^«N˛ c˜Ã^*
7] aeïıÃ[˝S: ËªJÙy 1359, `“›%Ã[˝◊[˝≥V %Á`“], `“›%Ã[˝◊[˝≥V %Á`“] ÊY“a,
Y◊â¯‰ªJÙÃ[˝›
8] aeïıÃ[˝S: È[˝`ÁF 13ª84, B
AcÕ aeïıÃ[˝„S %ÁÃ[˝C 7◊ªRÙO [˝Áe_Á ◊ªJÙ◊Pˆ C AEı◊ªRÙO [˝Áe_Á %X«[˝ÁVa„]Tˆ
cÕeÃ[˝ÁL› ◊ªJÙ◊Pˆ ^«N˛ c˜Ã^* AªK˜ÁQÕˆÁ \…ˆYÁ_ªJÙ≥V– [˝a«„Eı Â_FÁ `“›%Ã[˝◊[˝„≥VÃ[˝ ◊ªJÙ◊Pˆ
A[˝e \…ˆYÁ_ªJÙ≥V– [˝a« ◊_◊FTˆ ] SÁ◊_X›„V[˝› a+„EÔı L›[˝„XÃ[˝ ÊªK˜ÁªRÙO ÊªK˜ÁªRÙO
HªRÙOXÁ a◊~„[˝◊`Tˆ c˜„Ã^‰ªK˜* `“›%Ã[˝◊[˝„≥VÃ[˝ AcÕ ◊ªJÙ◊Pˆ C \…ˆYÁ_ªJÙ≥V– [˝a«Ã[˝
Â_FÁ◊ªRÙO cÕeÃ[˝ÁL›„Tˆ ◊_◊FTˆ* AFÁ„X cÕeÃ[˝ÁL› C TˆÁÃ[˝ [˝ÜÁX«[˝ÁV ÂVCÃ^Á
c˜„Ã^‰ªK˜*
AcÕ aeïıÃ[˝„S cÕ]◊Y“≥RÙO Y úˆÁÃ^ "Y“U] Y◊Ã[˝[˝◊W˝ÔTˆ aeïıÃ[˝S' ◊ªJÙ◊c˜‘Tˆ %Á‰ªK˜*
◊Eı‹ô«ˆ YÃ[˝[˝Tˆfi Y«X]Ô«V–„S TˆÁ ae„`Á◊W˝Tˆ Eı„Ã[˝ "%rÙ] aeïıÃ[˝S Y◊Ã[˝[˝◊W˝ÔTˆ' [˝„_
=‰{F EıÃ[˝Á c˜„Ã^‰ªK˜*
Y«X]«ÔV–S: L«_ÁcÕ 19ª83
"[˝Áe_Á Ã[˝ªJÙXÁ'Ã[˝ Y…[˝Ô[˝Tˆfi Y“U] V«cÕ aeïıÃ[˝„S 3◊ªRÙO Eı„Ã[˝ Yy, 3Ã^ aeïıÃ[˝„S 10◊ªRÙO
Yy A[˝e ªJÙT«ÛÔ aeïıÃ[˝„S %ÁÃ[˝C AEı◊ªRÙO Yy ae„^Á◊LTˆ c˜„Ã^‰ªK˜* TˆÁ◊Ã[˝F XÁ ÂVCÃ^Á
◊ªJÙ◊Pˆ V«◊ªRÙO %a+…SÔ [˝„_ ]„X c˜Ã^ A[˝e QˆÁ„Eı ÂVCÃ^Á c˜Ã^◊X [˝„_ %X«]ÁX EıÃ[˝Á c˜Ã^*
Yym◊_ a[˝ EıÁ_ÁX«y‘„] XT«ˆX Eı„Ã[˝ ◊[˝XÓÿôˆ c˜_* TˆÁ◊Ã[˝Fc˜›X Yym◊_ a[˝„`„b
a◊~„[˝◊`Tˆ c˜„Ã^‰ªK˜* [˝_Á[˝Áß_Ó, cÕeÃ[˝ÁL›„Tˆ Â_FÁ Yy◊ªRÙO "[˝Áe_Á Ã[˝ªJÙXÁ'Ã^ G c˜›Tˆ c˜Ã^◊X*
Y f 392 [˝Á◊Ã[˝X„Eı ◊_◊FTˆ: "XÁÃ[˝ÁÃ^S' C "Y“[˝wÔ¯Eı' V«cÕ◊ªRÙO Y◊≈yEıÁ„TˆcÕ a]EıÁ„_ Y“U]
Y“EıÁ◊`Tˆ c˜Ã^ (ÈLÓúˆ 1327)*
TÛÓYt› 677
"%Ã[˝◊[˝„≥VÃ[˝ Y◊â¯‰ªJÙÃ[˝› Yy' ◊`„Ã[˝ÁXÁ„] Y«◊ÿôÊıÁEıÁ„Ã[˝ Y“EıÁ` 1328

aÁ„_* Y“EıÁÈı: `“›[˝ÁÃ[˝›≥V–E«ı]ÁÃ[˝ ÂHÁb, %Á^ÔÓ YÁ[˝◊_◊è c˜Á=a, Eı◊_EıÁTˆÁ*
Y“EıÁ`„EıÃ[˝ ◊X„[˝V„X [˝_Á c˜„Ã^‰ªK˜: ""%Á◊] •›YÁ‹ôˆÃ[˝ ÂU„Eı ÂZıÃ[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ YÃ[˝cÕ
`“›%Ã[˝◊[˝„≥VÃ[˝ EıÁªK˜ ÂU„Eı AcÕ Yy YÁcÕ* ...ÈLÓ„úˆÃ[˝ (1327) "XÁÃ[˝ÁÃ^S'
ÂU„Eı ◊X„Ã^ Y◊Ã[˝[˝◊W˝ÔTˆ %ÁEıÁ„Ã[˝ YyFÁ◊X Y“EıÁ` EıÃ[˝_Á]*''
Y„Ã[˝ AcÕ Yy "Y◊â¯‰ªJÙÃ[˝›Ã[˝ Yy' ◊`„Ã[˝ÁXÁ] ◊X„Ã^ "`“›%Ã[˝◊[˝„≥VÃ[˝ Yy'
(6úˆ aeïı[Ã ˝S)-AÃ[˝ Â`bÁ„W˝Ô ^«N˛ c˜^Ã (1352) C B G–„‹öˆ[Ã ˝ YÃ[˝[˝Tˆfi aeïı[Ã ˝„SÃ[˝
a„Ü ]«◊V–Tˆ c˜„Tˆ UÁ„Eı*
"[˝Áe_Á Ã[˝ªJÙXÁ'Ã[˝ Y…[˝Ô[˝Tˆfi aeïıÃ[˝Sm◊_„Tˆ "Y◊â¯‰ªJÙÃ[˝› Yy' XÁ„]cÕ ]«◊V–Tˆ c˜Ã^*
=‰{FÓ T ˆTˆ›Ã^ aeïıÃ[˝„ScÕ ÂEıÁXÃ[˝Eı] EıÁªRÙOªKg˜Á≈ªRÙO XÁ Eı„Ã[˝ Y“U] a+…SÔ Yy◊ªRÙO ]«◊V–Tˆ c˜Ã^*
ªJÙT«ÛÔ aeïıÃ[˝„S "YyÁ[˝_›'Ã[˝ %e` ◊cãÁ„[˝ Yy◊ªRÙO Y“EıÁ` EıÃ[˝Á c˜_*
Y f 404 "Y“[˝wÔ¯Eı' =„Å„`Ó ◊_◊FTˆ:
XT«ˆX ae„^ÁLX; Ã[˝ªJÙXÁEıÁ_ %ÁX«]Á◊XEı 191ª8; aêˆ[˝Tˆ Yym◊_ EıFXcÕ
QˆÁ„Eı ÂVCÃ^Á c˜Ã^◊X* AcÕ Yym‰¨K˜Ã[˝ T ˆTˆ›Ã^ C ªJÙT«ÛÔ %e`◊ªRÙO Y“[˝wÔ¯Eı
=„Å„`Ó Ã[˝◊ªJÙTˆ ◊EıXÁ ◊X◊∏JÙTˆ\ˆÁ„[˝ ◊XSÔÃ^ EıÃ[˝Á ^ÁÃ^◊X*
Y f 418 aÁW˝XÁ◊[˝bÃÊı YyÁ[˝_›:
AcÕm◊_ Eı„ÃÊıLX ◊`bÓÁÃ[˝ Y“‰`¬Ã[˝ =w¯„Ã[˝ ◊_◊FTˆ* AcÕ Yym◊_Ã[˝ ◊EıªK«˜
%e` AÃ[˝ Y…„[˝Ô "YyÁ[˝_›' ◊`„Ã[˝ÁXÁ„] V«cÕ F„â¯ Y“EıÁ◊`Tˆ c˜„Ã^‰ªK˜*
1] Fâ¯: 1] aeïıÃ[˝S: 15 %ÁG∫ªRÙO 1951
2Ã^ aeïıÃ[˝S: %„kÙÁ[˝Ã[˝ 1966
2Ã^ Fâ¯: 1] aeïıÃ[˝S: %„kÙÁ[˝Ã[˝ 1959
2Ã^ aeïıÃ[˝S: ÂZı[˝–”Ã^Á◊Ã[˝ 1967
`“›%Ã[˝◊[˝≥V %Á`“] EıT ˆ¤Eı `“›%Ã[˝◊[˝≥V %Á`“] ÊY“„a ]«◊V–Tˆ*
AcÕ Yym◊_Ã[˝ %◊W˝EıÁe`cÕ ◊XÃ^]]Á◊ZıEı Yy XÃ^* "X', "a'-AÃ[˝
◊_◊FTˆ Y‰yÃ[˝ (a]Ã^ a]Ã^ %◊Tˆ V›HÔ Yy) =w¯„Ã[˝ ]Á◊L¤„X [˝Á %XÓy
]‹ôˆ[˝Ó ◊Eıe[˝Á ÂXÁ‰ªRÙOÃ[˝ %ÁEıÁ„Ã[˝ ◊_◊FTˆ* "X' C "a' aÁW˝ÁÃ[˝STˆ [˝gÁW˝Á„XÁ
FÁTˆÁÃ^ Yy ◊_„F `“›%Ã[˝◊[˝„≥VÃ[˝ EıÁ‰ªK˜ YÁPˆÁ„TˆX* AcÕ FÁTˆÁm◊_ c˜„Tˆ
`“›%Ã[˝◊[˝„≥VÃ[˝ =w¯Ã[˝m◊_ aeEı◊_Tˆ c˜„Ã^‰ªK˜* %[˝`Ó FÁªTˆÁ ªK˜ÁQÕˆÁC Y UEı
EıÁGL ÂU„EıC Â[˝` ◊EıªK«˜ Yy aeG c˜›Tˆ c˜„Ã^‰ªK˜*
[˝Tˆ¤]ÁX aeïıÃ[˝„S "X' C "a'ÂEı ◊_◊FTˆ %„XEı Yy ^«N˛ c˜„Ã^‰ªK˜*
◊ªJÙ◊Pˆm◊_ ◊[˝bÃ^◊XÃ[˝„Y„l˘ TˆÁ◊Ã[˝F %X«^ÁÃ^› aÁLÁ„XÁ c˜„Ã^‰ªK˜* Â^m◊_„Tˆ

TˆÁ◊Ã[˝F ÂXcÕ Âam◊_ Â`„b ÂVCÃ^Á c˜„Ã^‰ªK˜*
AcÕ "YyÁ[˝_›' c˜„Tˆ ªJÙÃ^X Eı„Ã[˝ AEı◊ªRÙO Y«◊ÿôÊıÁ "`“›%Ã[˝◊[˝„≥VÃ[˝ Eı„ÃÊı◊ªRÙO
Yy' ◊`„Ã[˝ÁXÁ„] 1994 aÁ„_ Y“EıÁ◊`Tˆ c˜Ã^*
Y“EıÁÈı: `“›%Ã[˝◊[˝≥V \ˆ[˝X, ßG_›ªJg«ÙªJ«ÙQÕˆÁ, ßG_›
V`] [˝bfiÃ^Á [˝Á◊_EıÁ "A'„Eı ◊_◊FTˆ Yym◊_ XT«ˆX ae„^Á◊LTˆ c˜_*
"A'„Eı ◊_◊FTˆ Yym◊_ "` Sü‹ô«ˆ' Y◊≈yEıÁÃ^ 13ª81 ZıÁì«X C YÃ[˝[˝Tˆfi
aeFÓÁm„_Á„Tˆ Y“EıÁ◊`Tˆ c˜„Ã^◊ªK˜_*
` Sü‹ô«ˆ: a+ÁVEı %]„_` \ˆvÙÁªJÙÁ^Ô, `“›%Ã[˝◊[˝≥V \ˆ[˝X, Eı◊_EıÁTˆÁ
"`“›%Ã[˝◊[˝„≥VÃ[˝ YyÁ[˝_›' ◊`„Ã[˝ÁXÁ„] %ÁÃ[˝ AEı◊Rª ÙO aeEı_X %Á‰ªK˜* A◊ªRÙ[ÃO ˝ Y“EıÁÈıÁ_:
24Â` X„\ˆ∂ëˆÃ[˝ 1970, Y“EıÁÈı: `“›%Ã[˝◊[˝≥V ÂaÁaÁcÕ◊ªRÙO, Eı◊_EıÁTˆÁ/Y◊â¯‰ªJÙÃ[˝›, ]«V–Eı:
XÁ_≥VÁ ÊY“a, Eı◊_EıÁTˆÁ* AcÕ aeEı_„X ] SÁ◊_X›„V[˝›„Eı ◊_◊FTˆ ◊TˆX◊ªRÙO Yy, [˝Á◊Ã[˝X„Eı
Â_FÁ Yy A[˝e "X' C "a'ÂEı Â_FÁ YyÁ[˝_› Y◊Ã[˝„[˝◊`Tˆ c˜„Ã^‰ªK˜*
Y f 559 ÿëˆY¬: \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ›, %G–c˜ÁÃ^S 1316
AcÕ EıÁ◊c˜X›◊ªRÙO "LG~Á„UÃ[˝ Ã[˝U' Y«ÿôˆ„EıÃ[˝ %‹ôˆ\«ˆ¤N˛ c˜Ã^* Y«ÿôÊı◊ªRÙOÃ[˝ Y“U]
Y“EıÁ`: %Á◊`üX 132ª8, Ã[˝Á„]`üÃ[˝ ÂV, Y“[˝wÔ¯Eı YÁ[˝◊_◊è c˜Á=a,
ªJÙ≥VXXGÃ[˝*
Y f 566 l˘]ÁÃ[˝ %ÁV`Ô: "W˝∂ˆÇÔ', 16 ZıÁì«X 1316
"`“›%Ã[˝◊[˝„≥VÃ[˝ ]…_ [˝ÁÜ_Á Ã[˝ªJÙXÁ[˝_›' (1] aeïıÃ[˝S, 1969) G–„‹öˆ AcÕ
EıÁ◊c˜X›◊ªRÙOÃ[˝ Y“U] Y«XfY“EıÁ` c˜Ã^* =‰{FÓ Â^ "W˝∂ˆÇÔ' Y◊≈yEıÁÃ^ EıÁ◊c˜X›◊ªRÙOÃ[˝
◊`„Ã[˝ÁXÁ] ◊ªK˜_: "l˘]ÁÃ[˝ %ÁV`Ô C aÁW˝«a„ÜÃ[˝ Zı_'*
"[˝Áe_Á Ã[˝ªJÙXÁ'Ã[˝ 1] aeïıÃ[˝„S ÂEıÁX Eı◊[˝TˆÁ ◊ªK˜_ XÁ* 2Ã^ aeïıÃ[˝„S ]Áy
AEı◊ªRÙO Eı◊[˝TˆÁ ""a[˝ÁcÕ YÁG_ ÂTˆÁÃ[˝Á H«◊Ã[˝' W˝Ã[˝ÁTˆ_'' ÂVCÃ^Á c˜Ã^* T ˆTˆ›Ã^
aeïıÃ[˝S c˜„TˆcÕ Eı◊[˝TˆÁÃ[˝ %e`◊ªRÙO ^«N˛ c˜Ã^*
"=bÁc˜[Ã ˝S EıÁ[˝Ó' V›HÔ c˜C^Ã Á„Tˆ a[˝„Ô `„b a◊~◊[˝rÙ c˜„^Ã ‰ªK˜ --- EıÁ_ÁX«y‘„]Ã[˝
[˝ÓTˆÓÃ^ HªRÙOÁ a„√º¯C* CcÕ a„Ü a]EıÁ_›X Ã[˝◊ªJÙTˆ "LÁ◊G_ LXX›'C Â`„bÃ[˝
◊V„Eı ÂVCÃ^Á c˜_* Zı„_ `“›%Ã[˝◊[˝„≥VÃ[˝ [˝„Ã[˝ÁVÁ UÁEıÁEıÁ_›X Y“U]◊V„EıÃ[˝
[˝Áe_Á Eı◊[˝TˆÁV«◊ªRÙO AEıa„Ü Ã[˝cÕ_*
TÛÓYt› 679
=‰{F„^ÁGÓ Â^ "AEı◊ªRÙO %a]Áä Eı◊[˝TˆÁÃ[˝ ªR«ÙOEı„Ã[˝Á' (Y“U] YIÀ¯◊N˛: ÂEı

[˝„_ ]Á EıÁI¯Á◊_X› ◊[˝`Jªü Ù[Ã ˝SÁ) Sri Aurobindo: Archives and Research-
AÃ[˝ 19ª81 A◊Y“_ aeFÓÁÃ^ Y“EıÁ◊`Tˆ c˜„^Ã ◊ªK˜_* AcÕ Eı◊[˝TˆÁFâ¯◊Rª Ù[ÃO ˝ Y“◊Tˆ◊_◊Y
Hindustan Standard-A (12 L«X 1954) `“›%Ã[˝◊[˝≥V Ã[˝◊ªJÙTˆ [˝„_ ]«◊V–Tˆ
c˜„Ã^◊ªK˜_* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ [˝Tˆ¤]Á„X ◊XSÔ›Tˆ c˜„Ã^‰ªK˜ Eı◊[˝TˆÁ◊ªRÙO [˝Á◊Ã[˝X ÂHÁ„bÃ[˝ Ã[˝◊ªJÙTˆ,
`“›%Ã[˝◊[˝„≥VÃ[˝ XÃ^*
Y f 569 %ÿˆè«ıªRÙO: Ã[˝ªJÙXÁEıÁ_ %ÁX«]Á◊XEı 191ª8
Y f 570 ]c˜ÁEıÁ_: AEıcÕ ◊[˝bÃ^[˝ÿô«ˆ ◊X„Ã^ AEıÁ◊W˝Eı YÁâ«¯◊_◊Y YÁCÃ^Á ◊G„Ã^‰ªK˜* TˆÁÃ[˝
]„W˝Ó AEı◊ªRÙOcÕ a+…SÔÁEıÁ„Ã[˝ "]c˜ÁEıÁ_' ◊`„Ã[˝ÁXÁ„] %Á‰ªK˜* ªJÙT«ÛÔ aeïıÃ[˝„S
Y“W˝ÁXTˆ AcÕ [˝Ã^ÁX◊ªRÙOcÕ %X«aÃ[˝S EıÃ[˝Á c˜„Ã^‰ªK˜* ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ ◊EıªK«˜ ◊EıªK«˜ YIÀ¯◊N˛ %XÓ
AEı◊ªRÙO %a+…SÔ [˝Ã^ÁX "EıÁ_' c˜„Tˆ A„X [˝V_Á„XÁ c˜„Ã^‰ªK˜, Â^„c˜T«ˆ AcÕ
YIÀ¯◊N˛m◊_ =dE ırÙTˆÃ[˝* YIÀ¯◊N˛m◊_ c˜‰¨K˜ 6-27, 47-52 A[˝e 69-79*
Y…[˝Ô[˝Tˆfi aeïıÃ[˝„S "]c˜ÁEıÁ_' Eı◊[˝TˆÁÃ[˝ Y“U] %e`◊ªRÙO„Tˆ "EıÁ_'-AÃ[˝
YÁâ«¯◊_◊Y◊ªRÙO %Y◊Ã[˝[˝◊Tˆ¤Tˆ Ã[˝÷„Y [˝Ó[˝c˜÷Tˆ c˜Ã^ (3Ã^ ae: Y Y : 416, 417
A[˝e 41ª8-AÃ[˝ Y“U] YgÁªJÙ YIÀ¯◊N˛), TˆÁÃ[˝YÃ[˝ "]c˜ÁEıÁ_' YÁâ«¯◊_◊Y c˜„Tˆ
%X«Ã[˝÷Y %e`ªªR«ÙOE«ı [˝L¤X Eı„Ã[˝ "EıÁ_'-AÃ[˝ Â`„b ^«N˛ c˜„Ã^◊ªK˜_* "[˝◊wÔ¯EıÁ'
1978-AÃ[˝ 15 %ÁG∫RÙO aeFÓÁÃ^ Eı◊[˝TˆÁ◊ªRÙO ]«◊V–Tˆ c˜„Ã^‰ªK˜*
Sri Aurobindo: Archives and Research Y◊≈yEıÁÃ^ 1977 aÁ„_Ã[˝
A◊Y“_ ]Á„a Y“EıÁ◊`Tˆ "[˝«„Mı◊ªK˜ ÂTˆÁ]ÁÃ[˝ %Á±¡Á' Eı◊[˝TˆÁ◊ªRÙO AcÕ ◊[˝bÃ^[˝ÿô«ˆÃ[˝
=YÃ[˝ Â_FÁ AEıªRÙO› %a+…SÔ FaQÕˆÁ ]Áy* Ã[˝ªJÙXÁEıÁ_: %ÁX«]Á◊XEı 191ª6
Y f 575 L›[˝‹ôˆ LQÕˆ: Sri Aurobindo: Archives and Research, ◊Qˆ„a∂ëˆÃ[˝ 1979,
Ã[˝ªJÙXÁEıÁ_: 1912-1ª8
Y f 579 a[˝ÁcÕ YÁG_ ÂTˆÁÃ[˝Á H«◊Ã[˝' W˝Ã[˝ÁTˆ_:
"[˝Áe_Á Ã[˝ªJÙXÁ'Ã[˝ 2Ã^ aeïıÃ[˝„S "=bÁc˜Ã[˝S EıÁ[˝Ó'-AÃ[˝ AEı◊ªRÙO ◊[˝◊l˘ä
%e` ◊cãÁ„[˝ Y“U] ]«◊V–Tˆ c˜„Ã^◊ªK˜_* YÃ[˝[˝TˆfiEıÁ„_ A◊ªRÙO AEı◊ªRÙO Y UEı
Eı◊[˝TˆÁ [˝„_ ◊XSfiTˆ c˜Ã^ A[˝e "◊[˝◊[˝W˝ Ã[˝ªJÙXÃÁ'Ã[˝ 2Ã^ aeïıÃ[˝„S (1975) ÿöˆÁX
YÁÃ^* Ã[˝ªJÙXÁEıÁ_: %ÁX«]Á◊XEı 1912-13
Y f 580 ÈVTˆÓ: Ã[˝ªJÙXÁEıÁ_: %ÁX«]Á◊XEı 1912
Y f 582 EıTˆ`Tˆ ªK˜„≥VÁ[˝„µ˘: XT«ˆX ae„^ÁLX* Ã[˝ªJÙXÁEıÁ_: %ÁX«]Á◊XEı 1913
Y f 583 YÃ[˝Á◊LTˆ Ã[˝Á[˝S: Sri Aurobindo: Archives and Research, A◊Y“_
1979, Ã[˝ªJÙXÁEıÁ_: 1912-1ª8
Y f 587 AEı◊ªRÙO Eı◊[˝TˆÁ: Ã[˝ªJÙXÁEıÁ_: 1912-1ª8
Y f 590 aÁ◊[˝y›: Ã[˝ªJÙXÁEıÁ_: %ÁX«]Á◊XEı 1916-17
AcÕ Eı◊[˝TˆÁ◊ªRÙO ]„X c˜Ã^ cÕeÃ[˝ÁL› "aÁ◊[˝y›' ]c˜ÁEıÁ„[˝ÓÃ[˝ Y“U] EıÁ„â¯Ã[˝
Y“U] a„GÔÃ[˝ ÂEıÁX AEı◊ªRÙO FaQÕˆÁÃ[˝ [˝Áe_Á aeïıÃ[˝S*
Y f 592 LÁ◊G_ LXX›: AcÕ Eı◊[˝TˆÁ◊ªRÙO 1903 aÁ„_ ◊Eıe[˝Á TˆÁ[Ã ˝ ◊EıKª ˜« Y„Ã[˝ \ˆÁ[Ã ˝TˆLXX›Ã[˝
=„Å„`Ó ◊_◊FTˆ c˜Ã^*
Y f 595 =bÁc˜Ã[˝S EıÁ[˝Ó: `“›%Ã[˝◊[˝„≥VÃ[˝ [˝„Ã[˝ÁVÁ UÁEıÁEıÁ_›X (1893-1906) AcÕ◊ªRÙO
Ã[˝◊ªJÙTˆ c˜Ã^* EıÁ[˝Ó◊ªRÙOÃ[˝ ◊EıÃ^Ve` ]Áy YÁCÃ^Á ÂG‰ªK˜*
Y…„[˝ÔcÕ [˝_Á c˜„Ã^‰ªK˜ ""a[˝ÁcÕ YÁG_ ÂTˆÁÃ[˝Á H«◊Ã[˝' W˝Ã[˝ÁTˆ_'' Eı◊[˝TˆÁ◊ªRÙO AcÕ
EıÁ„[˝ÓÃ[˝ %e` ◊cãÁ„[˝ ]«◊V–ªTˆ c˜„Ã^◊ªK˜_* %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ "◊[˝◊[˝W˝ Ã[˝ªJÙXÁ'Ã^ (2Ã^ ae
1975) "=bÁc˜Ã[˝S EıÁ[˝Ó' ◊`„Ã[˝ÁXÁ]ÁÃ^ V«cÕ Y úˆÁÃ[˝ %◊W˝Eı Eı◊[˝TˆÁ ªK˜ÁYÁ„XÁ
c˜„Ã^‰ªK˜ --- TˆÁÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó ]Áy Y“U] AEıÁV` YIÀ¯◊N˛ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ c˜ÿôˆGTˆ [˝Tˆ¤]ÁX
YÁâ«¯◊_◊YÃ[˝ a„Ü Â]„_* [˝Á◊Eı %e` ]„X c˜Ã^ %XÓ ÂEıÁX ÿëˆTˆ‹óˆ Eı◊[˝TˆÁÃ[˝
%e`*
◊ªK˜~Áe`
AcÕ %e„`Ã[˝ a]ÿôˆ Ã[˝ªJÙXÁcÕ ªJÙT«ÛÔ aeïıÃ[˝„S XT«ˆX ae„^ÁLX*
Y f 649-50 "Eı„Ã[˝Á„TˆÁÃ^ÁÃ[˝ [˝SÔXÁ' C "%Ã[˝”SE«ı]ÁÃ[˝›Ã[˝ c˜Ã[˝S': SABCL, Vol. 27,
Supplement c˜„Tˆ G c˜›Tˆ* AcÕ V«◊ªRÙOcÕ [˝„Ã[˝ÁVÁ c˜„Tˆ aeG c˜›Tˆ YÁâ«¯◊_◊YÃ[˝
]„W˝Ó YÁCÃ^Á ^ÁÃ^* Ã[˝ªJÙXÁEıÁ_: 1903-06
Y f 650 %Á_ÁYX: V«cÕ◊ªRÙO YÁâ«¯◊_◊Y YÁCÃ^Á ^ÁÃ^* AEı◊ªRÙO Sri Aurobindo:
Archives and Research, ◊Qˆ„a∂ëˆÃ[˝ 1980, aeFÓÁÃ^ Y“EıÁ◊`Tˆ c˜„Ã^◊ªK˜_*
ÂacÕ◊ªRÙO AFX Y«Xfae„`ÁW˝X EıÃ[˝Á c˜_ A[˝e %XÓ◊ªRÙOC XT«ˆX Y“EıÁ◊`Tˆ c˜_*
Ã[˝ªJÙXÁEıÁ_: %ÁX«]Á◊XEı 1913*
Y f 659 a«[˝_«Ó-Y«_ÿôˆÓ: Y“U] Y“EıÁ`: "[˝◊wÔ¯EıÁ' 21 ÂZı[˝–”Ã^Á◊Ã[˝ 19ª81
"[˝◊wÔ¯EıÁ'Ã^ ◊`„Ã[˝ÁXÁ] ◊ªK˜_ "%Á_ÁYX'* YÁâ«¯◊_◊Y„Tˆ ÂEıÁX ◊`„Ã[˝ÁXÁ]
TÛÓYt› 681
XÁ UÁEıÁ^Ã A[˝e %XÓ AEı◊Rª ÙO XÁªRÙÓO Áe` [˝Tˆ]¤ ÁX aeïı[Ã ˝„S "%Á_ÁYX' ◊`„Ã[˝ÁXÁ„]
]«◊V–Tˆ c˜CÃ^ÁÃ[˝ LXÓ AcÕ Ã[˝ªJÙXÁ◊ªRÙOÃ[˝ ◊`„Ã[˝ÁXÁ] Y◊Ã[˝[˝◊Tˆ¤Tˆ c˜_* [˝Tˆ¤]Á„X ]…_
YÁâ«¯◊_◊Y c˜„Tˆ Y«Xfae„`Á◊W˝Tˆ* Ã[˝ªJÙXÁEıÁ_: %ÁX«]Á◊XEı 1901-06
Y f 660 C„c˜ W˝Ã[˝Á, W˝Áy› ]]... : "◊[˝◊[˝W˝ Ã[˝ªJÙXÁ' (2Ã^ aeïıÃ[˝S, 1975) c˜„Tˆ G c˜›Tˆ*
ÂaFÁ„X "=bÁc˜Ã[˝S EıÁ[˝Ó'-AÃ[˝ %e` ◊cãÁ„[˝ ]«◊V–Tˆ c˜„_C, [˝Tˆ¤]Á„X TˆÁÃ[˝
ÂEıÁX ◊X∏JÙÃ^TˆÁ YÁCÃ^Á ^Á‰¨K˜ XÁ* Ã[˝ªJÙXÁEıÁ_: %p˚ÁTˆ
%XÓÁXÓ [Ã ˝Jª ÙXÁm◊_ aÃ[˝Áa◊Ã[˝ YÁâ«¯◊_◊Y c˜„Tˆ G c˜›Tˆ* [Ã ˝Jª ÙXÁEıÁ_: 1910 c˜„Tˆ 1920
YyY◊≈yEıÁ
[˝Tˆ¤]ÁX TÛÓYt›„Tˆ ◊X∂oˆ◊_◊FTˆ YyY◊≈yEıÁm◊_ =◊{◊FTˆ c˜„Ã^‰ªK˜* TˆÁ„VÃ[˝ ÛÁY“Áä
%a+…SÔ ◊[˝[˝Ã[˝S ÂVCÃ^Á c˜_*
W˝∂ˆÇÔ: aÁäÁ◊c˜Eı; Y“U] Y“EıÁ` 7cÕ \ˆÁV– 1316; a+ÁVEı `“›%Ã[˝◊[˝≥V ÂHÁb
\ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ›: ]Á◊aEı; Y“U] Y“EıÁ` 1284; a+ÁVEı `“›◊•„L≥V–XÁU PˆÁE«ıÃ[˝; %Á„_ÁªJÙÓ
Ã[˝ªJÙXÁ Y“EıÁÈıÁ„_ a+ÁVEı ÿëˆSÔE«ı]ÁÃ[˝› ÂV[˝›
Y“[˝wÔ¯Eı: YÁ◊l˘Eı; Y“U] Y“EıÁ` 1322; a+ÁVEı `“›]S›≥V–XÁU XÁ„ÃÊı
XÁÃ[˝ÁÃ^S: ]Á◊aEı; Y“U] Y“EıÁ` 1321; a+ÁVEı `“›◊ªJÙw¯Ã[˝tX VÁ`; %Á„_ÁªJÙÓ Ã[˝ªJÙXÁ
Y“EıÁÈıÁ„_ a+ÁVEı `“›[˝ÁÃ[˝›≥V–E«ı]ÁÃ[˝ ÂHÁb
a«Y“\ˆÁTˆ: Y“U] Y“EıÁ` 1314; a+ÁVEı `“›]Tˆ› E«ı]«◊VX› [˝a«
[˝◊wÔ¯EıÁ: Ëy]Á◊aEı; Y“U] Y“EıÁ` X„\ˆ∂ëˆÃ[˝ 1941; a+ÁVEı %X«◊{◊FTˆ; %Á„_ÁªJÙÓ
Ã[˝ªJÙXÁ Y“EıÁÈıÁ„_ a+ÁVEı `“›X◊_X›EıÁ‹ôˆ mä
` Sü‹ô«ˆ: ]Á◊aEı; Y“U] Y“EıÁ` X„\ˆ∂ëˆÃ[˝ 1359; a+ÁVEı `“›a«`›_E«ı]ÁÃ[˝ ªJÙ‰vÙÁYÁW˝ÓÁÃ^;
%Á„_ÁªJÙÓ Ã[˝ªJÙXÁ Y“EıÁÈıÁ„_ a+ÁVEı `“›%]„_` \ˆvÙÁªJÙÁ^Ô
^«GÁ‹ôˆÃ[˝: aÁäÁ◊c˜Eı; Y“U] Y“EıÁ` ]ÁªJÙ¤ 1906; a+ÁVEı `“›\…ˆ„Y≥V–XÁU Vw¯
Sri Aurobindo: Archives and Research: Y“EıÁÈıÁ_: A◊Y“_ 1977 c˜„Tˆ
◊Qˆ„a∂ëˆÃ[˝ 1994
Hindustan Standard: Eı◊_EıÁTˆÁÃ[˝ AEı◊ªªRÙO ÈV◊XEı ae[˝ÁVYy
... 685
... 686
... 687
... 694
... 696
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... 708
Note on the Texts ... 711

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;
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s EctyAmAs k;lAEn kA&y\ dArA\c BogA\c s;K\ DnAEn 1
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-vAT
n nFto_hmnc pAdO d;rA(mno B}AtvD
n ElO 3
s;K\ mdAvA-trZ
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p-pf BFm n kr
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p)
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aAp#y Evv\ pf;vErAv
{- lEl:mAnA,c hn# krAl.
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aAlolkf{, EfKrAEg: krAld\
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~ EvsAy EsD#n^.
vAs
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n pAd-y c B#ckMp 8
uE) dhFEt EppAs;rMbA d@vAn rA/O ngr EvtAr
.
s
y\ -tntF rjnF\ tEm;A\ bBO smAp#y mnA\Es cAyA 9
BFt, sm;E`nmnAc tSpA - d;(TAy pQC tmo nm-ym^.
kA BAEs n?t\ 2dy
krAEl k;vFy Ek\ b}Eh
# nmo_-t; BFm
10
Es\h-y sArAvm;dFrytF #r-y k;,j B}mto vDATm^.
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fNddE , -pfdE dhd F rsdE gDdE ErEt BAgA, dhEyAEvqyA,
EctAdE c BAvdE , boDdE cAt,krZs\El A,. ayA aEp s(y -
kAEftA,.
svRAn\ — svEvqy
aEthto RAnkAf iEt svRAn\ tE-m\c sA"Ad^ -
RAn\
rZA shjdE Evv
kc m;KA, boD, -mEt, EvcAro Evtk,
698 s\-ktrcnA,
sA"Ad^RAn
boD, svEvD, aEtht,, rZAyA\ vAk^ c -mEtc
shjdA\ Evtko_Ethto_B}Atc Evv
k t; Evl
q, RA c
Et EvcAr,
Es k\ RAtm
v.
sv/gEt,. &yAyA\ vA EctAyA\ BAv
boD svB#tAnA\ sv/gEt, fArFErkF
t; sd

hq; -v=n
s;q;yA\ vA jAg}(yA\ vA. amy-(vAkAfg(yA En,s(y
sv/ gQCEt jAg}(yA\, AZmy-t; yCAyAmy, kSpnAmy, E/q; tt^
t
jomy, s##mc yO EEvDO mnomyO EvRAnmyc b;E myc yO
EEvDO mhEt EtE tO.
ekm
vAEtFy\ b}
~FarEvdopRA upEnqd^
:. ekm vAEtFy\ b} sdsd"#p\ sdsdtFt\ nAyE(kE,cdE-t E/kAlDt\

E/kAlAtFt\ vA svt; Kl; b} {k\ yE(k,c jg(yAmZ; vA mhodAr\
vAn;dAr\ vA b}{v td^ b}
{v jgdEp b} s(y\ n EmLyA.
s ev prA(pr, p;zqE-/kAlAtFt, sklB;vnAtFt, sklB;vn -
Ev , sdtFto_sdtFt, smyEcmy aAndmyo_nAt, snAtno
BgvAn^.
s Eng; Zo g;ZAD sg;Zo_ntg;Zo Eng; Z(v\ B; -vy,cAEtvtt
Eng;Z(v,c sg;Z(v,c n Eng;Zo n g;ZF k vl ev y,.
s B;vnAtFto B;vnAEn DAryEt B;vnB#to B;vnAEn EvfEt kAlA -
tFt, kAlo Bv(ynt, sAt, kAft eko bhvo_!po !pF EvAEvA -
mNyA EcQC?(yA.
-vyt; n DtA n DAyo nAnt, n sAto n {ko n bh;nA!po n !pF
k
vl ev y,.
svAEZ (v tAEn nAmAEn yd k(v,c bh;(v,cAnt,c sAt,c
kAft ev EcdA(mEn Ecmy jgEt.
: t(st^ yQc sEQcd v tEQcmy\ jgd^ BAst EcdA(mEn
s(ykAf, s(y-y Bgvt,.
yTA s#y-y EtEbMb ek, fAt jl bhvcl s(y, s#y, s(y,
EtEbMb, s(ykAf, st, s#y-y n s -v=n, st, kAf-t; s,.
yTA vA s#y-y >yoEt, sOr\ jg(-vf?(yA DAvEdv p#ry(kAft s(y\
>yoEt, s(ykAf, st, s#y-y n so_lFkA BAEt, st, s(ykAf-t;
s,. yTA vA s#y-y >vAlAmy\ EbMb\ n -vy\ s#y, s#y-y t; s#y(v\
kAfy(y tdmy\ !pmAE~t RAn td"#pAtFt-t; s#y, s(y, s#y, s(y\
!p\ EbMbAkEt s(ykAf, st, s#y-y n s mAyAEc/\ st, s(ykAf-t;
s,.
tTd\ jg*" s(ykAfo Bgvto n -v=no n mAyAEc/\ nAlFkA
BAEt, st, s(ykAf-t; td^ n -vy\ BgvAn^ tTAEp -vym v s,. eqA
prA mAy {qA yogmAhA(My\ rh-ymy-y yog vr-y k\Z-y {qA EcQQC?(yA
aAndmyF lFlA pr-yAtJA gEt,.
700 s\-ktrcnA,
svEmdmTt, s(y\ prATt, as(yEmEt mn-t;T EvRAnATm;QytA\

n Eh EkE,cd=ys(y\ s(y b}EZ.
ev\ y(kAft jgdAnd ev tt^.
: t(st^ yQc sEQcd v tQc Ec(s aAnd,. y; EnrAndEmEt
BAst d;,KEmEt d;blEm(yRAnEmEt tdAnd-y EvkAr aAnd-y FXA.
yo Eh jFv, s aAndmy, QCo BgvAn^ -vkAfmy\ jg*"
Bo?t;mvtFZ,. y eq d;,KBog, s Bog evAndmy-t-yAndm vAnd -
myo B; .
ko Eh EnrAnd\ Bo?t;m;(sh t y, svAndmy, s evo(sh t
EnrAndmy-t; EnrAnd\ B;,jAno n B;,jFtAnd\ EvnA Zy t^. ko
d;blo BEvt;\ f;yA, svfE?tmAs ev f;yAd^ d;blo :AAto
d;bl(v
n n Et) QCE?t\ EvnA Zy t^. ko_RAn\ v ;\ smTo y,
svRAnmy, s ev smTo_R-t; tE-m\E-tEmr n ED}y
tAswvsd v Bv d^
RAn\ EvnA Zy t^. RAn-y FXARAn\ -vE-mA(mgopn\ f?t , FXA
dObSy\ EnrAndmAnd-y FXA(mgopn\ -vA(mEn.
sAnd\ hsEt jFv, sAnd\ d(y~#EZ m;,cEt tmomy aAnd
BAsmAn iv yAtnAEBc mAn, sAnd\ -P;rEt sAnd\ -P;rEt c mAn,
cxXABF rEtEB,. p#ZBogAT t-yAnd-y tAms-yA\f-y tAmso B#(vA -
nd\ gopyEt.
aRAn\ m#lmt-y BAv-y sAt evAhmhmf?to d;blo d;,KF myA
kt&y\ RAt&y\ lND&y\ yAs n tp,"y Z m(y;nA s (vmqo_h\ ywv\ n
tdh\ yv f;B\ tmmAf;B\ y n tv lAB-t n mm hAEn, (vAm v hyA\
s;KF BEv\yAEm n {v sAEwvko_h\ (vAm v s;EKn\ kroEm -vd;,Kn -vhAyA
-vm(y;n
(yARAn-y -v!p\ mnEs.
ah7Ar ev bFjmh7Armo"AdRAnmo", aRAnmo"Ad^ d;,KAm;Qyt
aAndmyo_h\ so_hm ko_hmnto_h\ svo_hEmEt EvRAyAndmyo Bv -
(yAndo BvEt.
eq ev mo",. s m;?t, sv qA\ BogAB;
svAnAndAnnt\ B;,jAno
n sAt{Evy;>yt
sAtAEn B;,jAno nAnt n hFyt s eko BvEt bh;BvEt
s :jo jAyt iv jAymAno_Ep n jAyt n b@yt n jm t-y Evt
aA(myA(mA(mnA kAfyAMyA(mAnEmEt RAnAd^ Evm;?t, FXt .
lFlAT Eh jgdAndAT lFlAmy iEt lFlA\ k;ztAnd-y p;/A,
m;?tA, FXtAnd\ B; {k\ Bo`y\ Bgvt\ A=y B; svv-t;q;.
aAnd\ Eh v#yAEm BgvtAEd ,. tAmsmpAv(yAnd, kAftA\
t-y p;/A,.
k
{vSyopEnqd^
: aTAvlAyno Bgvt\ prm E)nm;psm (yovAc.

aDFEh Bgvn^ b}EvA\ vEr)A\ sdA sE$, s &ymAnA\ Eng#YAm^.
yTAEcrAt^ svpAp\ &ypo: prA(pr\ p;zq\ yAEt EvAn^ 1
avy,.
ao\ aT aAvlAyno Bgvt\ prm E)nm;psm
(y uvAc Bgvn^
vEr)A\ sdA sE$, s &ymAnA\ Eng#YA\ b}EvAm^ aDFEh yTA EvAn^
aEcrAt^ svpAp\ &ypo: prA(pr\ p;zq\ yAEt.
&yAHyA.
aT tt, b}EvAAyAkA\"As\BvAdntr\ aAvlAyn-tAmAEB -
Ehto_vlgo/jo v {Edko b}EqBgvt\ vcE-vn\
dv\ prmE)n\ prm)-y
(prm-y )-y ~ )-y c) EhrxygB!EpZ, sjnrt-y -v=nAv-TAE-Tt-y
p;zqom-yADAr\ b}AZ\ >y )dvm;psm(y EvEDnA RAnAyTmAg(yo -
vAco?tvAn^ Bgvn^ dv vEr)A\ ~)A\ sdA p;rAkAlAt^ sE$EjtkAm{EvE$,
s
&ymAnA\ y nADFtA\ Eng#YA\ prmrh-yEm(ytFv g#YA\ b}EvAmDFEh
mnsA @yAy-v md^RApnATEmEt Ek\!pA\ yTA yd;pAy nAEcrAdEts(vr\
EvA\-tA\ b}EvA\ RA(vA svpAp\ d;,KpAp!p\ svmf;B\ &ypo: RAn n
mnso bEh, k(vA p#ZAndlABA(prA(pr\ prmA;rFyAdEp prm;m\ p;zq\
sv&yAEpn\ vAs;
dv\ p;zqom\ yAEt A=noEt tdôEtnF\ b}EvA\.
oEtnF.
prm )F b}A n t; s b}A EhrxygBnAmA sjnkmA@y"!pF
s##mB;k^ t{jso vAs;dv,. s prm )F prA(pro EhrxygB,. i)fNd-t;
AcFn, ~ )(v&y,jkc pcAdAgm iEt y;?to yTA bEl)gEr)AEdq;.
s EhrxygB-t jo!pF n !pmA~yEt n &yE?tm Et nAvtrEt n
EkE,c(kroEt prt jEs kSpy(y v t-mAE rxygBnAmA t {jsnAmA
c. ev\EvD-y EhrxygB-y sm"mAvlAyn-y EvEDnopgMyADFhFEt
kTAs1o n y;>yt . b}A t; nrd
vtA yogbln /
{g;xymyF\ mAyAmEt -
My g;ZAtFto_Bv(s rAjs\ g;Zm;dAsFnvdAE~(y prm\ t j, EvfEt
pr
tjEs prm )\ EhrxygB!EpZ\ vAs;
dvmA~yEt kSpArMB
c b}nAE
HyAt, sEgQCEt s dfkSpAtpytkAl\ sh;y;g\ jFvEt sjEt c
702 s\-ktrcnA,
EhrxygBAEBB#to_h\ b} Et rAjsRAnmAE~(y -v=njgd^ &yAkroEt

-T#l,c &yAkroEt. s b}A ftEdn\ jAgEt Ednt; ct;y;g\ ct;y;gft\
Eh kSp,. kSpAt t; p;n, prm\ t j, Evy pr t jEs -vEpEt
kSpArMB b;@yt p;nc dfkSpAt p;n, -vEpEt n b;@yt
EhrxygB-t; n -vEpEt n b;@yt -v=nAv-TA@y"o n -v=nAEBB#to
EvEv?tB;k^ -T#lkt^. u?t,c p;rAZ q; y(kmlAsn-T\ b}AZ\ mD;k {VBO
mhAd {(yO vDATm;pcmt;, s c BymAEvv f n t; mrZ\ EhrxygB-y
k;to Bymk;toByo Eh s,. u?t,c m;xXk b}A dvAnA\ Tm, s\bB#v Et.
t-mA>>y )o dvAnA\ b}A prA js, s\bB#v Et Es \ n t; EhrxygB,
s\BvEt. Efv-t; vAs; dvo Ev\Z;vAs;
dv, kT\ n b}AEp vAs; dv i(yA" p
n
{v\ ARo Eh Efvo EvrAV^ Ev\Z;, &yE?tm Et ARo &yE?tm Et EvrAX^
n &yE?tm Et EhrxygB, -T#l -v=nmyo Eh s,. n c k;/A=y;?t\
yr, Efvo BEvt;\ smTo Ev\Z;vA BEvt;\ smTo b}A t; Bv(y v
(y;?tm^.
y-mA &yE?tm Et -v=nmyo EhrxygB-t-mA*"AZmEBB#y sjnkmEZ
EnyojyEt s c rAjsA_h7ArmAE~(yAh\ EhrxygB iEt sjEt lokAc
EhrxygB iEt s\p#jyEt. s b}A prm )nAEBB#t, prm )-y vAs; dv-y
~) aADAr iEt prm )F. s BgvAvc-vF lA]yc dvtvr,. t\
prA(prp;zq-yADAr i(y-mA(prA(pr-y p;zqom-y RAn\ l<yEmEt
sm;p(yAvlAyn, AcFno b}Eq, pQCEt BgvDFhFEt.
vEr)A sA b}EvA yAmAvlAyn, pQCEt. k-mAEr) Et vEr)\
b} ApytFEt p,co :pr\ b} E/EvDA(mk\ AREhrxygBEvrAXEDE)t\
jAg}(-v=ns;q;yvE-Tt\ t;rFy\ t; pr\ prA(pr\ y*" t;rFyAdEp tEr)\.
sA vEr)A EvA Eng#YA prmrh-y\ nAktA(mEBnAsMp#ZdEfEBl<yEmEt
Eng#YAm^. sE$-t; sdA s &ymAnA sA. pAprEhtA-t; st, kAm-t;
pApkArZ\ kAm eq oD eq iEt gFto?t ,. kAmjEyn-(y?tkAmA,
st,. n t; EvnA RAn n kAm(yAg-t-mANDRAnA, st,. y kAmjEyno
lNDtwvRAnA-t vEr)A\ EvA\ lND;\ smTA n c tr
. t
{, sdA kSpkSpA -
trs &yt snAtnF sA b}EvA s trqA\ Eng#YA n kAEftA pr &yoE
t; g;hAfyA frFr .
p;nc EkmT EvA\ Ek\!p\ RAn\ ATyEt k-tfy(yAvlAyno
yT Et. prA(prp;zqAy;pAy\ dfyEt sA EvA. RAn\ kArZ\ pApvjn -
m;pAyo vAs;dv, p;zqomo l#y\. yo EvAn^ RAnF s vAs; dv\ A=noEt
t-mAd v BgvAn^ gFtAyA\ kmmAg dfEy(vA twvRAn\ s\" p
ZopEdy
pApmo"\ dfyEt. KxXRAnAd q dv eq dv iEt { tEm(y {tEmEt
bh;vAdA, sMBvEt. aKxXRAnA; svvAdATboD n vAdAsE?tEvlFyt
pr b}EZ mn, s>jt . lND RAn aEcrAdEts(vr\ pApmEp EvlFyt
n -vyAs n vAs; dvsAdAdt, s(vr\ yAsAE kAlAp "A bh;nA
k
{vSyopEnqd^ 703
yAs n Eh dFGkAlAdSp {v EsE , E"kArF t; vAs; dvsAd, s;K\

bDA(m;Qyt iEt. u?t,c ~;tO ym v{q vZ;t t
n l<y-t-y {q aA(mA
EvvZ;t
tn#\ -vA\. tTA c gFtAyAmh\ (vA svpAp <yo mo"Ey\yAEm
mA f;c,. svpAp\ &ypohEt EvAn^ svpAp <yo m;?to BvEt. d;,K\
t; pAp\ d;,KA(m;Qyt ant\ pApmntA(m;Qyt d;,K\ :nt\ kAms#t\
kAm-(vRAns#to_h\kArAE~tc. t-mAdh\kAr\ mnso EvD#y &ypo:
tdh\kArEvgmAdh\ ktA pApF p;xykt^ PlBo?t (yRAn\ mnso EvD#y
tdRAnEvgmA(kAm\ mnso EvD#y t(kAmEvgmAd^ d;,KmntEmEt mnso
EvD#y t;,KEvgmA(s;KmEp mnso EvD#y p#ZRAnF p#ZAndB;k^ k vlo
Enr,jno BvEt svpApm;?t,. p#ZRAnA(p#ZAndAt^ f; swvAt^ prA(pr\
p;zqm;pt;\ smTo BvEt. k, s p;zq, p;zqomo vAs; dv iEt. yo
Eh p;z mhdEDk(y f t
s p;zq,. p;z Eh mhd&y?t\ EvRAn!p\
tE-mAndB;gA(mA f t. p;nc jgApF y, s p;zq-t\ svv-t;EnEht
iEt vAs; dv\ vdEt. p,c-t; vs; yA rEyzQyt opEnqEd rEyEh
vs; EvRAnopkrZ\ DAn\ vs; tE-mn^ DAn y, f s p;zq,. p;nc
t
yA B#tyoEny-yA\fo jFvo y-y frFr\ jg(s p;zq-t(pr\ b} s
um, p;zq, vAs; dvnAmA k\Z,. s p;zq, prA(pr,. t;rFy\ t; pr\ sv
Eh tE-mFn\ BvEt n kEcmEtAmEt atev prm^. aEtAmEt
Eh v {vAnr\ jAg}dv-TmEtAmEt t {js\ -v=ndEfnmEtAmEt AR\
s;q;EfAEyn\ t;rFy\ t; A=y n kEcdEtAmEt EvlFno BvEt jFv -
-td {t\ prm\ sEQcdAnd\ b}. sg;Z vA b}EZ EnvsEt Eng;Z
vAEndy
. t-mA;rFyAdEp pr, p;zqom,. u?t\ Eh mAxX#J p,copfm\
fAt\ Efvm {t\ ct;T myt . prA(pr-t; n Efv\ nAEfv\ EfvAEfv
tE-mn^ E~t n fAt\ n kEll\ fAtkEll tE-mn^ E~t nA
{t\
n { t\ {tA{t tE-mn^ E~t n Tm\ n EtFy\ n ttFy\ n ct;T
EvrAE rxygBARt;rFyA-tE-mn^ E~tA,. s p;zqom-t(prA(pr\ b}. n
Eng;Zo n sg;Z, p;zqomo g;ZAtFt, Eng;Zsg;ZO tE-mn^ E~tO. n p;mAn^
n -/F nAEl1\ p;zqomo El1AtFt, p;mA-/F cAEl1,c tE-mn^ E~t\. n
s EcAnd\ p;zqom, sEQcdAnd\ tE-mn^ E~tEmEt. t;rFy\ nAEtvtt
kEc(kT\ t;rFyAdEp pr\ yAtFEt sd
hn {v\. yo Eh t;rFy\ yAEt s lFno
BvEt nAEtvtt y-t; vAs;
dv\ yAEt DAnp;zq\ sg;Zb}Eng; Zb}!p\ n
s lFno BvEt n jAyt n Em}yt s :AvEmnAvE,cAEtvtt k
vlo
BvEt jFvm;?to BvEt mo"mEtvtt bDmEtvtt fAvto BvEt
snAtno BvEt lFlAmyo BvEt b}FB#to Bv(yntg;Z rmEt EnvsEt
k\Z
. t-mA(sg;ZAd;(TAy s prb}EZ lFno BvEt tE-mEvsEt
tdtJmR y\ DAm
`v
d,
[1]
Hymns of Vasishtha
to
Agni
VII.1.
1. Men have brought the Flame to birth by their thinkings from

the tinders by the movement of the two hands, expressed by the
word, the far-seer, the master of the house, the traveller.
aE`n\ nro dFEDEtEBrrxyoh-tQy;tF jny\t f-t\.

d#rdf\ ghpEtmTy;
arxyo,
Heaven and Earth = mind and physical being, are the two
tinders
h-tQy;tF
The two hands are the two hands of the Sun, sEvt
v bAh#
dFEDEtEB,
dFEDEt = thought, light, finger. All mean the same thing, for
the fingers are those of the two hands of the Sun, df EDy,
f-t\
Well-expressed (fs^) by the word: external sense = praised.
aTy;
aT^ to move, cf at^ or aTr^ — Greek ajr — the plane of
flaming light
`v
d, 705
nr, p;zqA mn;\yA dvA vAE`n\ jny\tAjnyn^ jEntv\t,. k;t,. arxyo -

dFEDEtEBb;E EBr\g;ElEBvA h-tQy;tF h-tycAln n. kFdfmE`n\ -
f-t\ f\EstmcA (y"Fkt\ vA m\/ Z f\EstEmEt. d#rdf\ d#rAd
v pyEt
y, d#rAyt vA tAdf\. ghpEt\ gh-y pEtmTy; pTgAEmn\ c tpso

dvtAmE`n\ En(ymEp s\t\ m(yA mn;\yA, m(y mn;\y
amrA dvA vA frFr
2Ed svdA jny\Et yTA n#nmEp jEntv\t,. arxyor v jny\Et mns,
frFrAQc dhAE 2Ed mnoGqZ n tpo_E`njAyt . dFEDEtEBh-tQy;(yA
jAyt . h-tO t; EvRAnd v-y s#y-y dfA\g;lyc s#ycoEdtA df
EDy,. df EDyo aE`nm=y;(pAdy\Et sommEp s;v\Et tpc yAvdAn\d\
c. tA c df yTAmyF { dEhkF mE-t\k\ gtA b;E r kA EtFyA AZmyF
ttFyA c\Ed"ymyF s\RAnmyF c ct;TF p\cmF t; RAnmyF yA cARAnmyF
sA q)F smF EvRAnmyF sA cA mF yAndGnmyF nvmF c EcmyF
dfmF c smyFEt. etA c svA Ecn EvRAn p#Zc
tnAAA p#ZFB#tA
EvRAns#y-y df rmyo dfA\g;lyo mn;\yc {ty t; mAnsFB#tA mnomyo
Eh mn;\y,. s#y-y c O h-tO yyodE"Zo RAnmyo vAmc fE?tmy,.
tO c p;zqkEtDAnO 2Ed tpo jny\Et mn;\y-y prmATEc\tAEB,
dfEvDAEBc tAEB, s\y;?tAEBr kFB#tEvRAnmyFEBc p#Z tpo jAyt .
t\ c tpo_E`n\ f-tEmEt vZyEt yAvAy n EvRAnvtA m\/ Z s
tpomy, p;zq, kVFktg;Z!p, kAfmNyA -t;(yA c E-TrFktc tEs
EvkAft . ytc EvRAnmy, s tpo_E`n, tt, s d#r_Ep pyEt
svv-t#En svs(yAEn yAEn prmAEZ yAEn cAvmAEn Evv . s tpomy,
p;zqc mnob;E AZy;?t-y E/vto mn;\yfrFr!p-y gh-y pEt,
gh-vAmF : q p;zq, sjEt r"Et B; c frFrg hq; yo_ymE`n,. t/
s cAsFno_Ep pT q; v}jEt t-mAdTy;, s Eh d#to n tA c pET y; yR
yto svA, f?tF, svAc c A nyEt p;rogAmF tpod vtAE`n,
[2]
m 10 124
im\ no a`n up yRmEh p\cyAm\ E/vt\ stt;\.
aso h&yvA;t n, p;rogA, >yog
v dFG tm aAfEy)A, 1

h aE`nnAmk tpo!p IvrEvB#t a-mAkEmd\ km (yAgQC. kFdf\.
p\cyAm\ yE-mn^ p\c yAmA gtyo dEhno yA/AyA g\t&y-TAn!pAEZ
pET&y\tEr"\ O, -vmy iEt p\c DAmAEn. E/vt\ yE-m\-/yo vy,
frFrAZmno!pA,. p;nc stt;\ yE-md hAZmnoEvRAnAndtpo -
706 s\-ktrcnA,
sd"#pA, s yRttv, dEhno dvo fF kmmy, yAs ev yR,.

BgvAs dvo y-yAE`nvzZBtyo nAm!pAEZ s\Et. km t; dhmy,
AZmyo mnomy iEt E/vt^. t-y c s twvAEn s ttv,.
s yAs, pvtArohZ!pA mhtF yA/ v. t-yA yA/AyA, p\cDAmAEn
pETvF(ymymtm(y jgd\tEr"EmEt AZmymmy-yo(s ev. t-y
c AZmy-y OErEt mnomy\. t-y c mnomy-y -vErEt m#DA.
-vlok-t; EvRAnmy-y s#yEtE)t-y mhlok-y mnomyF EtkEt,.
tERAnmy\ -vvA bhdÔvA s(ymt\ bhEdEt
dvAnA\ -vo dm iEt HyAt,.
sA svA
: t(sA s,. snAtnmn\tmnAEdm@y\ sv svAtFt\ prA(pr\ b}.
t(prA(pr\ td v s(sv. t/AEp sv yTA/ {v. tE t/ sv-y s(y\.
t/ sv/ sv-y BAv,. s {v prA(prA y {kAEtFyAkLyc
{tymyF
Eng;ZAn\tg;ZmNyjAnAEdm@yA\tA. sA svA sA svmyF. t-yA\ Eh sv
tyA sv.
m /A,
: aAndmEy c
{tymEy s(ymEy prm

: tt^ st^ >yoEtrrEvd
: s(y\ RAn\ >yoEtrrEvd
t(sEvt;vr\ !p\ >yoEt, pr-y DFmEh.

y, s(y n dFpyt^
Note on the Texts
Note on the Texts
Although born in Calcutta of Bengali parents, Sri Aurobindo grew up

fluent in English, but unable to speak his mother tongue. Taken to
England when he was seven, he received there a European education
and had almost no contact with Indian culture. While studying at
Cambridge in his last two years in England, however, he began to
learn Bengali and Sanskrit as a candidate for the Indian Civil Service.
After his return to India, he continued his study of these languages
on his own until he could not only read, but write in them. In the
present volume, his writings in Bengali and those in Sanskrit are being
published together for the first time. Both are reproduced in the original
languages.
Writings in Bengali and Sanskrit is divided into two parts accord-
ing to language: Bāṅglā Racanā (Bengali Writings) and Saṁskr.ta-
racanāh. (Sanskrit Writings).
Bāṅglā Racanā
Sri Aurobindo wrote poems, essays, translations and letters in Bengali

from his years as an administrative officer and professor in Baroda
(1893 – 1906), through the period of his political activism in Calcutta,
where he edited the Bengali weekly Dharma in 1909 – 10, to the 1930s
when he corresponded in Bengali with a few members of his Ashram
in Pondicherry. Many of these writings, especially those belonging to
the middle period, were published during his lifetime. Others have
been transcribed from his manuscripts and published subsequently.
They are arranged here in several sections according to subject, form
and publication history. Details about the items in these sections are
provided in the Tathyapañjı̄ at the end of Bāṅglā Racanā (pages 665 –
82).
712 Writings in Bengali and Sanskrit
Saṁskr.taracanāh.
Sri Aurobindo’s writings in Sanskrit are much less extensive than those
in Bengali, but likewise include poetry and prose on a significant range
of topics. They have been arranged here in chronological order as far as
possible. They show in a brief compass Sri Aurobindo’s development
from the period when he was assimilating India’s cultural heritage
after his return from England, through his days as a nationalist leader,
to his flowering as a Yogi, scholar and thinker contributing to the
recovery of the ancient wisdom of the Veda and Upanishads. These
writings were not published during his lifetime, but were discovered in
his manuscripts after his passing. Several of them are appearing here
for the first time.
Vividhāh. ślokāh.. These verses are found on three pages of a notebook

used by Sri Aurobindo at various times between 1900 and 1903 for
writing in English, Bengali and Sanskrit. The first two Shlokas are rem-
iniscent of the style of Bhartrihari and may have been written around
the time when he translated Bhartrihari’s Nı̄ti Śataka into English (see
Translations, volume 5 of THE COMPLETE WORKS OF SRI AUROBINDO).
The last two verses, mentioning Bana and a cuckoo, seem related to
his Bengali poem Ushaharan Kavya (published on pages 595 – 643 of
this volume).
Prān.a idaṁ sarvam. This prose passage, untitled in the manuscript,

was apparently intended to form part of a philosophical dialogue of
which only one speech was written. It claims to be a restatement of
ideas found in the Yogavāsis.t.ha, but also alludes to Western philoso-
phers. It is found in the same notebook as the preceding Shlokas and
evidently belongs to the same period (1900 – 1903).
Bhavānı̄ Bhāratı̄. Sri Aurobindo wrote this Sanskrit poem sometime

between 1904 and 1908, quite possibly around the time when he wrote
in English the text of the pamphlet Bhawani Mandir, issued in 1905.
He did not give the poem a title, nor did he get a chance to revise
and polish it; the notebook in which it was written was confiscated
by the Calcutta police in May 1908 and he never saw it again. It was
first published with an English translation in Sri Aurobindo: Archives
Note on the Texts 713
and Research in December 1985 under the title Bhavānı̄ Bhāratı̄. This
title was suggested by references in the poem to Bhavānı̄ (verses 22,
70, 78, 84), Bhāratı̄ (verse 73), Bhāratamātaram (verse 30) and Mātā
Bhāratānām (verses 12, 33). Sri Aurobindo used the name “Bhawani
Bharati” in Bhawani Mandir, where the following “message of the
Mother” sums up the central idea developed in the Sanskrit poem:
When, therefore, you ask who is Bhawani the mother, She
herself answers you, “I am the Infinite Energy which streams
forth from the Eternal in the world and Eternal in yourselves. I
am the Mother of the Universe, the Mother of the Worlds, and
for you who are children of the Sacred land, aryabhumi, made
of her clay and reared by her sun and winds, I am Bhawani
Bharati, Mother of India.”1
A number of trivial slips or irregularities in spelling and sandhi occur in
the unrevised manuscript of this poem, as in other Sanskrit writings by
Sri Aurobindo. In Sri Aurobindo: Archives and Research, most of these
were corrected — where this could be done without disturbing the me-
tre — and more significant emendations were listed in a table. These
corrections have been reproduced in the present edition along with a
few further emendations. Some of these emendations were first made in
1987, when Bhavānı̄ Bhāratı̄ was published by the Sanskrit Karyalaya
of the Sri Aurobindo Ashram with a verse-by-verse commentary in
Sanskrit. At that time the editors reworded some phrases in the poem
for the sake of metrical or grammatical regularity, mentioning the
original readings in footnotes. In the interest of textual authenticity,
only the more minor emendations made by the Sanskrit Karyalaya
have been incorporated in the present edition. Those that have not
been adopted here are listed in a table in the Reference Volume, along
with other textually relevant information. Two lines left incomplete in
the manuscript (in verses 85 and 92) have been completed in square
brackets using the words supplied in the 1987 edition.
Tāntrikasiddhiprakaran.am. This incomplete exposition of a system of
spiritual practice similar to the one outlined in the sapta catus.t.aya (see
1 Bande Mataram: Political Writings 1890 – 1908, volume 6 of THE COMPLETE

WORKS OF SRI AUROBINDO, p. 89.
714 Writings in Bengali and Sanskrit
the next item) was probably written within a year or two after Sri Auro-
bindo’s arrival in Pondicherry in April 1910. The Sanskrit text was first
published in Mother India in January 2008 with transliteration and an
English translation entitled “A Chapter on Tantric Perfection”.
Saptacatus.t.ayam. These formulas related to parts of the sapta

catus.t.aya — the system of seven sets of four elements which Sri
Aurobindo adopted as a programme for his sadhana early in his
stay in Pondicherry — evidently date to the period between 1910
and around 1912. They are also reproduced as part of the Record
of Yoga (volume 11 of THE COMPLETE WORKS OF SRI AUROBINDO,
pages 1278 – 80). The complete Sanskrit text of the sapta catus.t.aya
itself can be found, interspersed with explanations in English, in the
Introduction to the Record of Yoga (volume 10 of THE COMPLETE
WORKS, pages 3 – 23).
Ekamevādvitı̄yaṁ Brahma. This composition inspired by a well-

known phrase from the Chhandogya Upanishad, with which it begins,
is found in a large notebook used by Sri Aurobindo around 1912 – 13
for Vedic and philological studies, commentaries on the Upanishads
and other writings. Untitled in the manuscript, it was first published
with an English translation in Sri Aurobindo: Archives and Research in
December 1978 under the title Ekamevādvitı̄yaṁ Brahma (“Brahman,
one without a second”, the first words of the text), with the subtitle
Śrı̄aravindopajñā Upanis.ad. As the editorial subtitle suggests, it may
be considered a new Upanishad with Sri Aurobindo as its Rishi —
upajñā indicating a text received by individual inspiration, not handed
down by tradition.
Kaivalyopanis.ad. This Sanskrit commentary on the first verse of the

Kaivalya Upanishad was written around 1912. In the manuscript, it
follows an English translation and commentary under the heading
“The Kaivalya Upanishad”. The English translation with commen-
tary is published in Kena and Other Upanishads, volume 18 of THE
COMPLETE WORKS OF SRI AUROBINDO, pages 288 – 89; it appeared
previously in The Upanishads, volume 12 of the Sri Aurobindo Birth
Centenary Library. The Sanskrit commentary is published here for the
first time. In both cases the original Sanskrit text of the Upanishad,
Note on the Texts 715
which was not quoted in the manuscript, has been supplied by the
editors.
R.gvedah.. [1] Sri Aurobindo’s commentary on the first verse of Rig Veda
VII.1 is reproduced here as in the manuscript, including an English
translation and notes on selected words followed by a commentary in
Sanskrit. Only the translation and notes are reproduced in Hymns to
the Mystic Fire (volume 16 of THE COMPLETE WORKS), omitting the
Sanskrit commentary. This commentary was written probably around
1920. [2] Sri Aurobindo wrote out the first verse of Rig Veda X.124
(with accents) followed by a commentary in Sanskrit in a notebook he
used in 1916 for various writings mainly in English and Bengali.
Sā sarvā. This short, untitled and unfinished paragraph (ending in the
manuscript with a cancelled word and no punctuation) is found on
the first page of a notebook used by Sri Aurobindo in or around 1927
mainly for essays and an incomplete draft of the last chapter of The
Mother. The first two words of the penultimate sentence have been
used as the title.
Mantrāh.. Sri Aurobindo wrote the first three of these four mantras
around 1927 and the last in 1933. They are reproduced with facsimiles
of the manuscripts on pages 829 – 31 of Letters on Himself and the
Ashram, volume 35 of THE COMPLETE WORKS OF SRI AUROBINDO.
Only the Sanskrit texts in Devanagari are duplicated here.

09 Writings in Bengali and Sanskrit

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Writings in Bengali and Sanskrit comprises prose and poetry

EvEvDA, lokA, ... 685

Note on the Texts ... 711

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◊Tˆ◊X ^TˆªR«ÙOE«ı ÂV◊F„TˆX, TˆÁc˜Á a«a+~C Eı◊Ã[˝„TˆX, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ ªJÙ◊Ã[˝yGTˆ m„SC

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◊[˝ªJÙÁÃ[˝EıGS TgˆÁc˜Á„Eı Y“Á„S XÁ ]Á◊Ã[˝Ã^Á aä [˝da„Ã[˝Ã[˝ ◊X#¤X EıÁÃ[˝Á[˝Á„a V◊â¯Tˆ

%Á]ÁÃ[˝ Â^ÁGÁ\ˆÓÁa ÿëˆ‰ªJÙrÙÁÃ^ ◊EıªK«˜ c˜c˜O„[˝ XÁ, `“à˘Á C a+…SÔ %Á±¡a]YÔSc˜O

ÂGÁÃ^Á_HÃ[˝, ÂGÁÃ^Á_HÃ[˝ c˜c˜O„Tˆ EıÁÃ[˝FÁXÁ, c˜OTˆÿôˆTˆf ◊[˝ªJÙÃ[˝S Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ c˜Ã^

ªJÙÁ◊Ã[˝LX aÁ„#¤∞RÙO %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ _cÕÃ^Á ^ÁcÕTˆ C _cÕÃ^Á %Á◊aTˆ* XÁ◊][˝ÁÃ[˝ a]Ã^

XÁ [˝◊aÃ^Á ÂEıÁX XÁªRÙOG „c˜Ã[˝ Ã[˝Ü]„á˚ [˝Á ÂEıÁX EıîXÁY…SÔ DYXÓÁ◊aEı Ã[˝Á„LÓ

XªRÙO¤X %Á◊_Y«Ã[˝ ◊[˝ªJÙÁÃ[˝Á_Ã^ Eı◊+Tˆ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Y“`¬ ÂHÁbSÁ Eı◊Ã[˝„Tˆ

--- Â]◊VX›Y«„Ã[˝Ã[˝ %ÁaÁ]›Ã[˝Á [˝◊_„_X Â^ ◊Tˆ◊Xc˜O ÂGÁ„Ã^≥VÁ --- `“›c˜‰vÙÃ[˝ Âc˜]ªJÙ≥V–

◊X„Å¤Áb› ]„Ã[˝, TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ c˜OÃ^w¯Á XÁc˜O* Ã^«„Ã[˝Á„Y ÂEıX Socialism C Anarchism-

AEı[˝ÁÃ[˝ Ac˜O EıUÁ [˝◊_Ã^Á◊ªK˜„_X* %Á◊] TgˆÁc˜Á„Eı ◊Lp˚ÁaÁ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜_Á], ""%ÁY◊X

Y“U] ÂEıc˜cÕ ÂGgÁaÁcÕ„Eı LÁ◊X„Tˆ ◊V„_X XÁ Â^ aEı„_ TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ %◊\â◊µ˘

%ÁW˝«◊XEı ^«„G %Á]Ã[˝Á X…TˆX Y«Ã[˝ÁTˆ„XÃ[˝ a◊µ˘ÿöˆ„_ =Y◊ÿöˆTˆ* ]ÁX«b [˝Ã[˝Á[˝Ã[˝c˜O

XÁXÓe m„S\ˆÓf EıwÔ¯ÁÃ[˝e ^VÁ V–rÙÁõX«Y`Ó◊Tˆ*

""^FX L›[˝ aÁl˘› c˜c˜OÃ^Á mSyÃ^ %UÔÁd \ˆG[˝Á„XÃ[˝ ÈymSÓ]Ã^› `◊N˛„Eıc˜O

ÿëˆ„V`›GÁ„XÃ[˝ %„XEı [˝cÕ, %ÁÃ[˝ Ã^«„Ã[˝ÁY›Ã^ V`ÔX, cÕ◊Tˆc˜Áa C aÁ◊c˜TˆÓ◊[˝bÃÊı

ÿëˆÁUÔTˆÓÁG›, YÃ[˝Á„UÔ C ÂV`◊c˜TˆaÁW˝„X =daÁc˜› C =¨JÙÁEıÁIl˘ÁY…SÔ c˜c˜OÃ^Á‰ªK˜*

Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á◊ªK˜„_X, TgˆÁc˜Á„VÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó ◊Tˆ◊X %G–GSÓ XÁ c˜c˜O„_C %XÓTˆ] ◊ªK˜„_X* ◊Tˆ◊X

Ã[˝ÁL◊aEı %c˜·¯ÁÃ[˝„Eı LÁGÁc˜OÃ^Á a√º¯-Y“a…Tˆ p˚Á„XÃ[˝ aÁc˜Á„^Ó TˆÁc˜Á ◊X∂ˆÇ…Ô_ EıÃ[˝Á

Â^m◊_ aÁ◊√º¯Eı\ˆÁ[˝ÁY~, ◊X[˝ ◊w¯Ã[˝ %X«E…ı_, ÂacÕm◊_ AcÕ XÁ„]Ã[˝ Â^ÁGÓ* cÕc˜ÁC

<`Á [˝ÁaÓ◊]Ve a[[˝Ôe ^d◊Eıá˚ LGTˆÓÁe LGd*

]Í][˝Áe„`Á L›[˝„_Á„Eı L›[˝\…ˆTˆf aXÁTˆXf*

%Á]ÁÃ[˝ aXÁTˆX %e` L›[˝„_Á„Eı L›[˝ c˜c˜OÃ^Á ]X C Y„á˚◊≥V–Ã^ Y“E ı◊TˆÃ[˝

%Á]Ã[˝Á `TˆÁå›EıÁ_ y‘]ÁGTˆ YÁ∏JÙÁTˆÓ a\ˆÓTˆÁÃ[˝ aeHbÔ„S Y◊QÕˆÃ^Á LÁTˆ›Ã^

LÁTˆ›Ã^ ]c˜Áa◊]◊TˆÃ[˝ l«˘V–Á`Ã^TˆÁ

`TˆÁå›EıÁ„_Ã[˝ ÊªJÙrÙÁÃ^ A]X Y◊Ã[˝SÁ] c˜c˜O_ ÂEıX? LÁYÁX ◊≈y` [˝da„Ã[˝Ã[˝

ÂEıc˜ ÂEıc˜ %Á[˝ÁÃ[˝ [˝„_X LÁTˆ›Ã^ ]c˜Áa◊]◊Tˆ His Majesty's permanent

l«˘V– l«˘V– LÁTˆ›Ã^ ÿëˆÁUÔ

E ıb’[˝SÔ VÁa C [˝Á◊GΩTˆÁÃ^ [˝Ác˜[˝Á

\ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ[˝Áa› ◊a◊\ˆ◊_Ã^Á„XÃ[˝ aeFÓÁ [˝ ◊à˘ c˜c˜O„[˝, TˆÁc˜Á„Tˆ ÂV„`Ã[˝ _Á\ˆ ◊Eı?

=¨JÙ %ÁV„`ÔÃ[˝ ]w¯TˆÁ

ÂaÁXÁÃ[˝ ◊`Eı_ EıÁªRÙO

ÿëˆSÔ◊X◊∂ˆÇÔTˆ ` Ö„_Ã[˝ Â]Ác˜ EıÁ◊ªRÙO„Tˆ c˜cÕ„[˝* cÕeÃ[˝Á„LÃ[˝ %X«EıÃ[˝S C cÕeÃ[˝Á„LÃ[˝

[˝Ü\ˆÜLÁTˆ %ac˜Ó ]∂ˆÇÔ„[˝VXÁÃ^ %aÁW˝ÁÃ[˝S Ây‘ÁW˝ ÂV`]Ã^ Lù◊_Ã^Á =◊PˆÃ^Á

C a«FÁ„Xüb„SÃ[˝ %\ˆÁ„[˝ Eı∂ˆÇÔ %XÁªJÙÃ[˝S›Ã^, ◊[˝„•„bÃ[˝ %\ˆÁ„[˝ ◊[˝„Ã[˝ÁW˝ C ^«à˘

Ã[˝ÁLX›◊TˆÃ[˝ ◊VEı ÂV◊F„_ cÕc˜ÁcÕ \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ-◊[˝L„Ã^Ã[˝ Ê`“úˆ ]›]ÁeaÁ; ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ cÕc˜ÁÃ[˝

◊]aÃ[˝, %Á◊a◊Ã[˝Ã^ÁÃ[˝ ] T«ˆÓ c˜c˜OÃ^Á◊ªK˜_; ◊Eı‹ô«ˆ aXÁTˆX W˝∂ˆÇÔÁ[˝_∂ëˆ› %Á^ÔÓLÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ ]„W˝Ó

aá˚ÁÃ[˝ XÁ c˜c˜O„_ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ LÁTˆ›Ã^\ˆÁ[˝ Y◊Ã[˝ÿˆè«ıªRÙO c˜Ã^ XÁ* Âac˜O ÿëˆ„V`‰Y“„]Ã[˝

◊XL„VÁ„b YÃ[˝ÁW˝›XTˆÁÃ^ Y◊TˆTˆ c˜Ã^, %◊[˝Eı_ C Y…SÔÁÜ ÿëˆÃ[˝ÁL TˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝ Y“U]

=Y„^ÁG› `◊N˛, aÁ]UÔÓ, LX[˝_, W˝X[˝_ C =YEıÃ[˝S ◊VÃ^Á‰ªK˜X* %UªJÙ ÂEıÁ◊Ã[˝Ã^Ác˜O

X›ªJÙTˆÁ, Ac˜O [˝ÁÃ[˝[˝ÁÃ[˝ ]c˜ÁYÁTˆEı %ÁªJÙÃ[˝„SÃ[˝ Zı„_ ÂEıÁ◊Ã[˝Ã^Á[˝Áa› AFX ◊l˘äY“ÁÃ^

`◊N˛Y“V`ÔX A[˝e LGd]Ã^ Âac˜O a\ˆÓTˆÁÃ[˝ ◊[˝ÿôˆÁÃ[˝ C %◊W˝EıÁÃ[˝* %Á]Ã[˝Á ^◊V

Âac˜OÃ[˝÷Y [˝Ác˜ÓV ◊rÙYÃ[˝[˝` c˜c˜OÃ^Á Ã^«„Ã[˝ÁY›Ã^ Y◊â¯TˆGS [˝„_X, \ˆÁÃ[˝„Tˆ Y“LÁ-

c˜Oc˜ÁÃ[˝ EıÁÃ[˝S, Âac˜O [˝Ác˜Ó %ÁEıÁÃ[˝ C =YEıÃ[˝„S %Áa◊N˛Ã[˝ Zı„_ Y“LÁTˆ„‹óˆÃ[˝

[˝◊c∂ˆÇ«ÔF› V ◊rÙÃ[˝ Ac˜O Y◊Ã[˝SÁ] %[˝`ÓêˆÁ[˝›* Eı„Ã^Eı◊VX Ã[˝ÁL◊aEı ÂTˆ„L

LÁTˆ›Ã^TˆÁ„Eı [˝#¤X Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á ]X«bÓLÁ◊TˆÃ[˝ AEı±ºˆ Y“◊Tˆ◊úˆTˆ Eı◊Ã[˝* ◊[˝„`bTˆf Â^

TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á ÿëˆ›EıÁÃ[˝ Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á‰ªK˜X Â^, \ˆÁÃ[˝Tˆ›Ã^ ◊ªJÙyEıÃ[˝ Ã^«„Ã[˝Á„YÃ[˝ perspective XÁ

Y“Á„V◊`Eı a◊]◊TˆÃ[˝ %◊W˝„[˝`X

%„`ÁEı X≥V›Ã[˝ YÃ[˝„_ÁEı Y“Á◊ä

Âc˜Ã^ÁÃ[˝ r—Ù›‰ªªRÙO aÃ[˝_TˆÁ

_â¯„X LÁTˆ›Ã^ ]c˜Áa\ˆÁ

Â^, TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á \ˆ◊[˝bÓ„Tˆ %Á]Á„VÃ[˝ ÿëˆÁÃ^w¯`ÁaX [˝Á ÿëˆÁW˝›XTˆÁÃ[˝ %X«E…ı_ %ÁªJÙÃ[˝S

W˝∂ˆÇÔ, 2Ã^ aeFÓÁ, 14c˜O \ˆÁV–, 1316

Eı◊]ªRÙO›Ã[˝ a+ÁVEı ◊X[[˝˝ÔÁ◊ªJÙTˆ c˜cÕÃ^Á◊ªK˜„_X* TgˆÁc˜ÁÃ[˝Á YÃ[˝Á]`Ô Eı◊Ã[˝Ã^Á cÕc˜ÁcÕ ◊XSÔÃ^

]«a_]ÁX a+“VÁÃ^C Ac˜O Ã[˝ÁL-%X«G–c˜-_Á◊_Tˆ ]c˜Áa\ˆÁÃ^ Â^ÁG ◊V„Tˆ‰ªK˜X XÁ*

◊[˝EıÁ„`Ã[˝ =YÁÃ^ ◊V„Tˆ %a∂ˆÇTˆ c˜c˜O„[˝X* Y úˆ„YÁbEı C ac˜ÁX«\…ˆ◊Tˆ-Y“EıÁ`Eı