BIOTEKNOLOGI FARMASI

Evi Umayah Ulfa

Definisi
Bioteknologi:
Bio : menggunakan sel hidup
Teknologi : Menyelesaikan suatu masalah atau untuk
menghasilkan produk yang bermanfaat

BIOTEKNOLOGI
Teknologi yang menggunakan sel hidup ataupun
komponen-komponen penyusunnya untuk menghasilkan
suatu produk
Perkembangan Bioteknologi
BIOTEKNOLOGI KONVENSIONAL
Pemanfaatan sel hidup untuk menghasilkan
suatu produk
Contoh: yogurt, keju, alkohol, tempe,
tape,antibiotik, dll (hasil fermentasi)
BIOTEKNOLOGI MODERN
Pemanfaatan sel hidup ataupun komponen-
komponennya melalui Teknologi DNA
Rekombinan untuk menghasilkan produk
 Teknologi DNA Rekombinan
 Manipulasi gen
 Pemindahan gen dari satu organisme ke organisme
lain
 Dipindahkan ke organisme lain
 Dikembalikan ke organisme awal dengan modifikasi

 Transgenik
SEJARAH PERKEMBANGAN
 History of Biotechnology

 1860’s-Botanist Gregor Mendel recognizes heredity information

is stored in units (now called genes)
 1870’s-chromosomes are discovered
 History of Biotechnology

 1953-DNA Double Helix is discovered by James Watson and

Francis Crick (England)
 History of Biotechnology

 1954-Cell-culturing techniques are first used

 1955-An enzyme involved in the production of a nucleic
acid is isolated
 1956-The fermentation process is perfected 1960-
Messenger RNA is discovered
 1961-The genetic code is understood
 1977-Genetically-engineered bacteria are used to make
human growth protein
 1978-North Carolina scientists, Hutchinson and Edgell,
prove it is possible to introduce specific mutations at
specific sites in a DNA molecule
 1979-The first monoclonal antibodies are synthesized
 History of Biotechnology

 1981: The first genetically-engineered plant is

reported
 1981: 1st mice to be successfully cloned
 1982: Humulin, human insulin drug, produced by
genetically-engineered bacteria (first biotech drug
approved by the FDA)
 1984: The DNA fingerprinting technique is
developed.
 1984: The first genetically-engineered vaccine is
developed.
1986: The first biotech-derived interferon drugs for
the treatment of cancer are synthesized
 History of Biotechnology
 1989: Microorganisms are used to clean up the Exxon
Valdez oil spill
 1990: The first federally-approved gene therapy
treatment is performed successfully
 1992: The structure of HIV RT is elucidated
 1993:The FDA declares that genetically engineered
foods are "not inherently dangerous"
 1994: The first breast cancer gene is discovered
 1998: Embryonic stem cells are used to regenerate
tissue and create disorders that mimic diseases
Manfaat Bioteknologi

Pertanian • Tanaman dengan varietas unggul

• Tahan Hama, patogen, herbisida
• Produksi tinggi
• Memperlama waktu penyimpanan

Kesehatan • Produksi obat-obatan (interferon, insulin, dsb)

• Pencegahan Penyakit : Vaksin (HBV)
• Terapi Gen
• Transplantasi organ
Lingkungan • Bioremidiasi

Industri • Enzim untuk berbagai industri ( protease  detergen)

Forensik • Paternity Test

• Sidik Jari DNA
Pertanian
Kesehatan : Enzim untuk Terapi
Protein terapeutik
Vaksin Rekombinan

Vaksin influenza
Vaksin HPV (Virus Like particle – L1)
Terapi gen
Central Dogma of Molecular Biology

DNA  DNA (Replikasi)

DNA  RNA (Transkripsi)

RNA Protein ( Translasi)

Informasi Materi Genetik
Gene
Function

> DNA sequence

AATTCATGAAAATCGTATACTGGTCTGGTACCGGCAACAC > Protein sequence
TGAGAAAATGGCAGAGCTCATCGCTAAAGGTATCATCGAA MKIVYWSGTGNTEKMAELIAKGIIESGKDVN
TCTGGTAAAGACGTCAACACCATCAACGTGTCTGACGTTA TINVSDVNI
ACATCGATGAACTGCTGAACGAAGATATCCTGATCCTGGG DELLNEDILILGCSAMGDEVLEESEFEPFIEEI
TTGCTCTGCCATGGGCGATGAAGTTCTCGAGGAAAGCGAA STKISGK
TTTGAACCGTTCATCGAAGAGATCTCTACCAAAATCTCTG KVALFGSYGWGDGKWMRDFEERMNGYGC
GTAAGAAGGTTGCGCTGTTCGGTTCTTACGGTTGGGGCGA VVVETPLIVQNE
CGGTAAGTGGATGCGTGACTTCGAAGAACGTATGAACGGC PDEAEQDCIEFGKKIANI
TACGGTTGCGTTGTTGTTGAGACCCCGCTGATCGTTCAGA
ACGAGCCGGACGAAGCTGAGCAGGACTGCATCGAATTTGG
TAAGAAGATCGCGAACATCTAGTAGA
Genetic material of cells…
 GENES – units of genetic material that CODES
FOR A SPECIFIC TRAIT

 Called NUCLEIC ACIDS

 DNA is made up of repeating molecules called

NUCLEOTIDES
Asam Nukleat
 DNA dan RNA
 Polimer  polinukleotida
 Monomer : Nukleotida
 Gula

 Fosfat

 Basa
Komponen Asam Nukleat
DNA
DNA Vs RNA

Karakteristik DNA RNA

Gula Deoksiribosa Ribosa
Basa AGCT AGCU
Untai Ganda Tunggal
Ikatan antar basa Fosfodiester Fosfodiester
Fungsi Penyimpan informasi Hasil transkripsi
Letak Prokariot : Sitoplasma Prokariot : sitoplasma
Eukariot : nukleus Eukariot : Nukleus dan
sitoplasma
 Protein

 Hasil translasi
( RNA  protein)
 Polimer 
Polipeptida
 Monomer : Asam
Amino (20 asam
amino)
 Ikatan peptida
Asam Amino
Bentuk Protein
Asam Nukleat vs Protein

Karakteristik Asam Nukleat Protein

Polimer ya Ya
Monomer nukleotida Asam amino
Polaritas 5’ 3’ NC
Ikatan Fosfodiester Peptida
Fungsi Penyimpan informasi Hasil ekspresi DNA
Fungsi Protein
 Struktural
 Keratin
 Kolagen

 Fungsional
 Motilitas: flagelin
 Enzim : piruvat kinase
 Kontraksi: Aktin, Miosin
 Hormon : Lisozim
 Reseptor : Asetilkolin
 Antibodi : Imunoglobin
Central Dogma of Molecular Biology

DNA  DNA (Replikasi)

DNA  RNA (Transkripsi)

RNA Protein ( Translasi)

Replikasi
Transkripsi
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