Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Obat TB :
S-1945; H–1952; E–1962; R–1967; Z-1967
1993
TB : a global emergency
2
World TB problem 3
Case findings – OK
TB treatments – OK
?
need more than findings & treating the case
D OT S
3
4
4/14/2016 4
5
6
Pencapaian Standar Kompetensi
UNCOMPLICATED PULMONARY TB 4
SPONDILITIS TB 3
ISPA, BONKITIS AKUT 4
SINUSITIS, HIPERTROFI ADENOID , CROUP , BENDA ASING 2
AVIAN INFLUENZA 1
ASMA 4
ASMA SERANGAN BERAT , BRONKHIOLITIS 3B
STAPHYLOCOCCAL PNEUMONIA 4
PNEUMONIA , SARS , DROWNING 3B
PNEUMONIA ASPIRASI , BRONCHIECTASIS 3A
Masalah TB anak 7
1. Diagnosis :
Klinis tidak khas, kuman penyebab sulit didapat
Uji tuberkulin dan foto toraks: tidak selalu tersedia
Beda Infeksi TB dan Sakit TB
2. Pengobatan
Ketaatan berobat , TB + HIV
3. Pencegahan
Kontroversi BCG, Profilaksis
Etiologi TB 8
Karakteristik :
1. Aerob, tidak memproduksi endo/ekso toksin
2. Tahan asam
3. Pertumbuhan lambat
4. Hidup beberapa minggu-bln pada udara kering
5. Sensitif pada sinar matahari, ultraviolet, temp > 600 C
9
Identifikasi M. Tb
dengan Pewarnaan
Ziehl Neelsen
Transmisi TB 10
REACTIVATION Acute
(POST PRIMARY TB) Stabilization disease
(Latency) (Meningitis,
Gambar. Perjalanan Mikobakterium tuberkulosis..
Milliary TB)
Clin Microbiol Rev 2002;15(2):294-309.
Patogenesis TB 12
Penularan TB:
• Sel-sel epiteloid
• Limfosit
Tuberkel :
Hilang (resolusi)
Kalsifikasi
Nekrosis (pengejuan)
TB Pathogenesis alveoli ingestion by PAM’S
16
droplet nuclei intracellular replication
inhalation of bacilli
destruction
destruction of PAM’S of bacilli
hematogenic spread
primary
complex
acute hematogenic occult hematogenic
spread spread
multiple organs
CMI
disseminated primary TB remote foci
TB Pathogenesis 17
M tuberculosis inoculation
M tb destroyed phagocytocis by PAM
primary complex
tuberculin test (+)
CMI (+)
TB disease TB infection primary
complication of: TB
(1)primary complex, (2)lymphogenic optimal immunity
and (3)hematogenous spread
post
death cured reactivation
TB disease primary
/ reinfection
TB
Masa Inkubasi TB 18
19
Manifestasi umum TB anak 20
Demam lama
Anoreksia
BB turun
Malnutrisi
Batuk lama, bila batuk berulang pikirkan asma !
Diare kronis
Pembesaran kgb multipel
GEJALA DAN TANDA KLINIS LOKAL 21
0 - - - -
1 + - - prof I
2 + + - prof II?
3 + + + terapi
26
Foto Toraks mencurigakan TB
1. Kompleks primer: pembesaran kelenjar
2. Milier
3. Atelektasis lobus medius
4. Kavitas
5. Efusi pleura
6. Bronkiektasis
7. Kalsifikasi, fibrosis, destroyed lung
8. DISKONKRUENSI klinis dan radiologis
Perkembangan diagnosis TB 27
KUMAN: HIDUP + + +
MATI + - +
Pemeriksaan Serologi 29
Sendi bengkak - + - -
SKOR TB ANAK…………
Pengobatan TB
Pelacakan TB
Profilaksis TB
Pencegahan TB BCG
Aspek lain
SPECIAL BACTERIAL POPULATIONS
HYPOTHESIS AND ACTION OF THE SPESIFIC DRUGS
HIGH
34
A INH( Rif, Strep,Etb)
Continuous
growth
PZA Rif,INH
Speed of
bacterial
growth C B
Acid Spurts of
D inhibition metabolism
Dormant
(no cure)
LOW
A = rapidly growing bacteria killed mainly INH ; B = bacilli only metabolizing in spurts killed mainly by Rif ; C
= bacilli inhibited by an acid environment killed mainly by PZA ; D = dormant bacilli
Regimen Obat Anti Tuberkulosis 35
2 mo 6 mo 9 mo 12mo
INH
RIF
PZA
EMB
SM
PRED
DOT.S !
KORTIKOSTEROID 36
Anti inflamasi
prednison : oral, 1-2mg/kgBB/day 3x/hr, 2-4 minggu, tappering off
Indikasi :
TB paru milier
Meningitis TB
Pleuritis TB dengan efusi
Serositis TB (peritonitis TB, efusi perkardium)
36
Combipack drugs 37
H : 50 mg
R : 75 mg
Z : 150 mg
37
Initial evaluation Pregnant woman with suspicious/ proven active TB
Delivery
38
Neonate
Clinical evaluation
Supportive examination
3 MONTH EVALUATION
Source of Tuberculin (+)
transmission Tuberculin (-) Tuberculin (+)
a.Clinically (+)
(-)
Clinical Clinical Clinical
Tuberculin (-) Diagnosis TB Diagnosis Diagnosis TB
TB treatment
Prophylaxis 9 mo Not TB
stop Continue
Immunization b. Clinically (-) Stop TB TB treatment
BCG Clinical
Treatment 9 month
Tuberculin test Diagnosis TB
BCG Immu-
Infection without
(+) induration ≥10 mm nization
ill
(+) induration < 10 mm Secondary
Prophylaxis 39
12 mo
Evaluasi pengobatan 40
0 - - - -
1 + - - prof I
2 + + - prof II?
3 + + + terapi
42
Kemoprofilaksis TB
Kemoprofilaksis
Kemoprofilaksis
sekunder :
primer :
anak telah terinfeksi
mencegah infeksi TB
uji tuberkulin (+)
anak blm terinfeksi
uji tuberkulin (-) STOP tetapi belum sakit
risiko tinggi sakit TB
INH:5-10 mg/kg/hr
(selama ada kontak)
TB INH:5-10 mg/kg/hr
(selama 6 - 12 bln)
43
Imunisasi BCG
infeksi TB buatan – imunitas spesifik
uji tuberkulin menjadi positif
usia> respons> ; usia> risiko> ; usia optimal : 2 bulan
ragu, sudah TB ? Mtx dulu, baru BCG
massal : langsung BCG, tanpa Mtx
reaksi cepat BCG (< 7 hari) sudah inf
Kesimpulan 44