Nederlandse Ontwerp

norm NEN-EN-ISO 15653

Metallic materials - Method of test for the
determination of quasistatic fracture Publicatie uitsluitend voor commentaar
toughness of welds (ISO/DIS
15653:2006,IDT)

juli 2006
ICS 25.160.40
Commentaar voor 2006-10-29
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Als Europees normontwerp is gepubliceerd: prEN ISO 15653:2006,IDT

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EUROPEAN STANDARD DRAFT
NORME EUROPÉENNE prEN ISO 15653
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
June 2006

ICS

English Version
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Metallic materials - Method of test for the determination of
quasistatic fracture toughness of welds (ISO/DIS 15653:2006)

Matériaux métalliques - Méthode d'essai pour la

détermination de la ténacité quasistatique à la rupture des
soudures (ISO/DIS 15653:2006)

This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for parallel enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 121.
or
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which
stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.

This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language
made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same
status as the official versions.
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CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,
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Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
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Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are aware and to
provide supporting documentation.
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Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without notice and
shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
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EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION

COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels

© 2006 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN ISO 15653:2006: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

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prEN ISO 15653:2006 (E)

Foreword

This document (prEN ISO 15653:2006) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC
164 "Mechanical testing of metals" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 121
"Welding", the secretariat of which is held by DIN.

This document is currently submitted to the parallel Enquiry.

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Endorsement notice

The text of ISO/DIS 15653:2006 has been approved by CEN as prEN ISO 15653:2006
without any modifications.
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 NEN-EN-ISO 15653:2006 Ontw.
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 15653

ISO/TC 164/SC 4 Secretariat: ANSI

Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:

2006-06-29 2006-11-29
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION • ɆȿɀȾɍɇȺɊɈȾɇȺə ɈɊȽȺɇɂɁȺɐɂə ɉɈ ɋɌȺɇȾȺɊɌɂɁȺɐɂɂ • ORGANISATION INTERNATIONALE DE NORMALISATION
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Metallic materials — Method of test for the determination of
quasistatic fracture toughness of welds
Matériaux métalliques — Méthode d'essai pour la détermination de la ténacité quasistatique à la rupture des
soudures

ICS 25.160.40
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ISO/CEN PARALLEL ENQUIRY
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The CEN Secretary-General has advised the ISO Secretary-General that this ISO/DIS covers a subject
of interest to European standardization. In accordance with the ISO-lead mode of collaboration as
defined in the Vienna Agreement, consultation on this ISO/DIS has the same effect for CEN
members as would a CEN enquiry on a draft European Standard. Should this draft be accepted, a
final draft, established on the basis of comments received, will be submitted to a parallel two-month FDIS
vote in ISO and formal vote in CEN.
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In accordance with the provisions of Council Resolution 15/1993 this document is circulated in
the English language only.

Conformément aux dispositions de la Résolution du Conseil 15/1993, ce document est distribué

en version anglaise seulement.

To expedite distribution, this document is circulated as received from the committee secretariat.
ISO Central Secretariat work of editing and text composition will be undertaken at publication
stage.

Pour accélérer la distribution, le présent document est distribué tel qu'il est parvenu du
secrétariat du comité. Le travail de rédaction et de composition de texte sera effectué au
Secrétariat central de l'ISO au stade de publication.

THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED FOR COMMENT AND APPROVAL. IT IS THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND MAY NOT BE
REFERRED TO AS AN INTERNATIONAL STANDARD UNTIL PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNOLOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES, DRAFT
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL TO BECOME STANDARDS TO
WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN NATIONAL REGULATIONS.

© International Organization for Standardization, 2006

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 NEN-EN-ISO 15653:2006 Ontw.
ISO/DIS 15653

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Copyright notice
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 NEN-EN-ISO 15653:2006 Ontw.
ISO/DIS-CD 15653

Contents

1 Scope.............................................................................................................................................................. 5
2 Normative references ................................................................................................................................... 5
3 Terms and definitions................................................................................................................................... 6
4 Symbols and units (and abbreviated terms) .............................................................................................. 7
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5 Principle ......................................................................................................................................................... 8
6 Choice of specimen design, orientation and notch location.................................................................... 8
6.1 Classification of target area for notching................................................................................................... 8
6.2 Specimen design........................................................................................................................................... 8
6.3 Specimen and crack plane orientation ....................................................................................................... 9
7 Pre-machining metallography ..................................................................................................................... 9
7.1 Microstructural assessment of macrosections ......................................................................................... 9
7.2 Additional requirements for heat affected zone tests.............................................................................. 9
8 Machining .................................................................................................................................................... 10
8.1 Tolerances on specimen dimensions................................................................................................. 10
or
8.2 Notch placement for through-thickness notched specimens ................................................................ 10
8.3 Notch placement for surface notched specimens.................................................................................. 10
8.4 Notch machining ......................................................................................................................................... 11
9 Specimen preparation ................................................................................................................................ 11
9.1 Fatigue precracking .................................................................................................................................... 11
9.2 Side grooving ............................................................................................................................................. 11
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10 Test apparatus, requirements and test procedure ................................................................................. 11

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11 Post-test metallography ............................................................................................................................ 12
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11.1 General........................................................................................................................................................ 12
11.2 Through-thickness notched specimens .................................................................................................. 12
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11.2.1 Sectioning................................................................................................................................................... 12
11.2.2 Assessment ................................................................................................................................................ 12
11.3 Surface notched specimens ..................................................................................................................... 12
11.3.1 Sectioning................................................................................................................................................... 12
11.3.2 Assessment ................................................................................................................................................ 12
11.4 Assessment of pop-in................................................................................................................................ 13
12 Post test analysis....................................................................................................................................... 13
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12.1 Choice of tensile properties...................................................................................................................... 13
12.2 KIc ................................................................................................................................................................. 13
12.3 G and J ......................................................................................................................................................... 14
12.4 Qualification requirements ....................................................................................................................... 14
12.4.1 General........................................................................................................................................................ 14
12.4.2 Weld width-to-crack ligament ratio ........................................................................................................... 14
12.4.3 Crack front straightness............................................................................................................................. 14
12.4.4 Symbol used to identify fracture toughness values ............................................................................... 15
12.4.5 Through-thickness notched specimens ................................................................................................... 15
12.4.6 Surface notched specimens ...................................................................................................................... 15
13. Test report .................................................................................................................................................. 15

Annex A (informative) Example notch locations .................................................................................................. 30

Annex B (informative) Examples of pre-test and post-test metallography………….........…..........……..…….. 32
Annex C (normative) Residual stress modification and precracking technique…….....................…………… 34
Annex D (inormative) Assessment of pop-in………………………………………….....……….............……...…... 36
Annex E (informative) Shallow notched specimen testing ....................………………………………………….. 43
Bibliography .....................………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 47

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1 Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national
standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally
done by ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
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organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.

International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives,
Part 3.

Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member
bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75% of the
member bodies casting a vote.
or
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

International Standard ISO/CD 15653 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 164 Mechanical
testing of metals, Subcommittee SC 4, Toughness Testing.
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 NEN-EN-ISO 15653:2006 Ontw.
ISO/DIS-CD 15653

Metallic materials – Method of test for the determination of

quasistatic fracture toughness of welds
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1 Scope
This International Standard specifies methods for determining fracture toughness in terms of K (stress
intensity factor), G (crack tip opening displacement, CTOD), and J (experimental equivalent of the J-integral)
for welds in metallic materials.

This method is complementary to ISO 12135, which covers all aspects of fracture toughness testing of parent
metal and which needs to be used in conjunction with this document. This standard describes methods for
determining point values of fracture toughness. It should not be considered a method for obtaining a valid
resistance-to-crack extension R-curve. However, the specimen preparation methods described in this
standard could be usefully employed when determining R-curves for welds. This method uses fatigue
or
precracked specimens which have been notched, after welding, into a specified target area in the weld.
Methods are described to evaluate the suitability of a weld for notch placement within the target area which is
either within the weld metal or the weld heat affected zone (HAZ) and then, where appropriate, to evaluate
the effectiveness of the fatigue crack in sampling these areas.

2 Normative references
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The latest edition (including any amendments) of the following referenced documents are indispensable
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to the application of this standard method.

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ISO 7500-1: Metallic materials- Verification of static uniaxial testing machines - Part 1: Tensile testing
machines.

ISO 9513: Metallic materials - verification of extensometers used in uniaxial testing.

ISO 3785: Metallic materials - Designation of test specimen axes in relation to product texture.
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ISO 12135: Metallic materials - Unified method of test for the determination of quasistatic fracture
toughness.

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3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this International Standard, the following definitions apply in addition to those of ISO
12135:

3.1
Stretch zone width (SZW)
The increase in crack length associated with crack tip blunting; i.e., prior to the onset of unstable crack
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extension, pop-in (see 3.3) or slow stable crack extension, and occurring in the same plane as the fatigue
precrack.

3.2
Target area
The intended fatigue crack tip position within the weld metal or HAZ (see 3.7 and 3.9).

3.3
Pop-in
An abrupt discontinuity in the force versus displacement record, featured as a sudden increase in
displacement and, generally, a sudden decrease in force, subsequent to which displacement and force
or
increase to above their respective values at pop-in.

3.4
Local compression
Controlled compression applied to specimens in the thickness direction on the unnotched ligament prior to
fatigue cracking using hardened steel platens, (see Annex C).
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3.5
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Welding
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An operation in which two or more parts are united by means of heat, friction, pressure or all three of these, in
such a way that there is continuity in the nature of the metal between these parts. Filler metal, the melting
temperature of which is of the same order as that of the parent metal, may or may not be used.
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3.6
Weld
A union of pieces of metal made by welding.

3.7
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Weld metal
All metal melted during the making of a weld and retained in the weld.

3.8
Parent metal (also known as base metal)
Metal to be joined by welding.

3.9
Heat-affected zone (HAZ)
The zone of the parent metal that is metallurgically affected by the heat of welding.

3.10
Fusion line (FL)
The junction between the weld metal and the parent metal heat affected zone.

3.11
Weld positional (WP)
Target position for the fatigue crack tip defined with respect to a reference line (see Figure A.1 for
examples).

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3.12
Specific microstructure (SM)
Target microstructure for the fatigue crack tip (see Figure A.2 for examples).

3.13
Specimen blank
Specimen prepared from weld metal plus parent metal prior to notching.

3.14
Post-weld heat treatment
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Heat treatment applied after welding for the purpose of reducing residual stresses or modifying weld
properties.

4 Symbols and units (and abbreviated terms)

For the purposes of the International Standard the following symbols, units and designations apply in
addition to those in ISO 12135.

Symbol unit designation

or
Symbol Unit Designation
d1,d2 mm lengths of microstructural features associated with pop-in

h mm effective weld width, defined as shortest distance between fatigue crack

tip and weld fusion line within the central 75% of thickness, see Figures
11 and 12.
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HV10 Vickers hardness using 10 kg force

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normal to welding direction
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N
P parallel to welding direction
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Q direction through the thickness of the weld

Rp0.2b MPa 0.2% offset yield strength of parent metal at the temperature of the
fracture test
Rp0.2w MPa 0.2 % offset yield strength of weld metal at the temperature of the fracture
test
tensile strength of parent metal at the temperature of the fracture test
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Rmb MPa
Rmw MPa tensile strength of weld metal at the temperature of the fracture test
distance between crack tip and target area measured in the crack plane,
s1 mm see Figure 10
distance between crack tip and target area measured perpendicular to
s2 mm crack plane, see Figure 10
V, V1, V2 mm crack mouth opening displacement
X direction parallel to primary grain flow of parent metal
Y direction transverse to primary grain flow of parent metal
Z direction through the thickness of parent metal
maximum length of brittle crack extension (beyond SZW, see 3.1)
'apop mm associated with pop-in
Length of specific microstructure measured in pre-test or post-test
O mm metallography, see Figure B.2

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5 Principle
This International Standard specifies procedures for the determination of fracture toughness on notched-plus-
fatigue cracked specimens taken from welds. It pertains to situations where: (i) the crack tip is specifically
located in relation to a weld feature of interest, referred to as “weld positional” (WP); and (ii) the crack tip is
specifically located within a microstructure of interest, referred to as “specific microstructure” (SM).
Metallographic examination of the weld is used to confirm that the target weld feature and/or microstructure is
indeed present at the crack tip and in sufficient quantity for testing.
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Specimen geometry and notch orientation is chosen and a fatigue crack then extended from the specimen’s
notch tip into the target weld feature or microstructure by applying controlled alternating force to the
specimen. The purpose of a test is to determine weld fracture toughness in the absence of significant welding
stresses. To obtain stress-free material and to produce a straight-fronted fatigue crack, modifications to the
fatigue precracking procedure may be required. These modifications are usually necessary when testing as-
welded or partially stress relieved welds.

The fracture toughness test is performed and evaluated according to ISO 12135, but subject to additional
requirements of this test method regarding post-test analysis (12.1, 12.2 and 12.3) and qualification (12.4).

Post-test metallography is often required to make certain that the crack tip was located in the target weld
or
feature and/or microstructure and to determine the significance of pop-ins.

The sequence of operations is summarised in Figure 1.

6 Choice of specimen design, orientation and notch location

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6.1 Classification of target area for notching

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A specimen selected for weld positional (WP) testing is intended to test a defined weld region with respect to
a reference position (e.g. weld metal centreline).
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A specimen selected for specific microstructure (SM) testing is intended to sample a specified microstructure
along the whole or part of the crack front length within the central 75% of specimen thickness.

NOTE 1 Some examples of WP and SM notch locations are given in Annex A.

NOTE 2 WP weld metal centreline notch locations sampling predominantly grain-refined regions may give
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misleading (overly high) values of fracture toughness for misaligned two-pass and parallel multi-pass
welds. For these welds it is recommended that the SM notch locations shown in Figures A2 iv) and v)
respectively, be used.

6.2 Specimen design

Specimen design shall be of compact or single edge notch bend configuration as defined in ISO 12135 and
may be plain sided or side-grooved. Bend specimens notched into the plate thickness (see Figure 2, parent
metal specimens XY and YX, and weld metal specimens NP and PN) are referred to as through-thickness
notched specimens, whilst those notched into the planar surface of the plate (Figure 2, parent metal
specimens XZ and YZ, and weld metal specimens NQ and PQ) are referred to as surface notched
specimens.

NOTE 1 Tolerances on weld specimen dimensions are less stringent than those for testing parent metal, see 8.1.

Test specimens shall have the dimension B or W equal to the full thickness of parent metal adjacent to
the weld to be tested (excluding weld overfill).

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