6. (a) 17! = 3.

56×1014 (3SF)
Answers (b) 16! = 2.09×1013 (3SF)
7. 2880
For questions that require a proof (normally indicated
by any of the following instructions: prove, show, 8. (a) 720
verify or explain) no answer has been supplied and the (b) 240
question number or subpart has been omitted. So, if
9. 30! 2.65 1032 (3SF)
you discover a question with a missing answer, this is
because the solution is in the question and you have to 10. 6 5! × 4 ! = 17280
derive that solution for yourself.
Exercise 1C
Chapter 1
1. (a) (i) 7 (ii) 12
(b) (i) 56 (ii) 990
Exercise 1A (c) (i) 9900 (ii) 2550
(d) (i) n (ii) a +1
1. (a) (i) 30 (ii) 57
(e) (i) a2 a (ii) b b
(b) (i) 13 (ii) 29
1
2. (a) 140 (b) 16 (f) (i)
( x + 8 )( 7)
3. (a) 6 (b) 2 (c) 12
1
(ii)
4. 48 (x 4 )( 5) ( x − 6 )
5. (a) 90 (b) 48 (c) 63
6. 15 9! 6!
2. (a) (i) (ii)
6! 2!
7. (a) 15 637 960
(b) 10 104 528 1016 ! 309 !
(b) (i) (ii)
1012 ! 306 !
8. 115 316 136
9. 8 (c) (i) (n + 5)! (ii) (n + 2)!
(n + 1)! (n − 2)!
10. (a) 720
(b) 648 3. (a) (i) 9 9! (ii) 131 × 10!
11. (a) 60
(b) (i) 11 × 13! (ii) 21 × 15!
(b) 125
12. (a) 81 (c) (i) 121 × 9! (ii) 110 × 10!
(b) 125 (d) (i) (n 1) × (n − 1)!
(ii) ( ) × n!
Exercise 1B
4. n = 5 answer hint (4, 5, 6)
1. (a) (i) 120 (ii) 720 5. n = 10
(b) (i) 48 (ii) 360 Did you think about turning
(c) (i) 600 (ii) 240 6. n = 5 this into a quadratic?

2. (a) (i) 40 320 (ii) 39 916 800

(b) (i) 1080 (ii) 1 814 400 Exercise 1D
(c) (i) 475 372 800 (ii) 357 840
1. (a) (i) 21 (ii) 792
3. (a) 720 (b) 40 320 (b) (i) 60 (ii) 60
(c) 26! = 4.03×1026 (3SF) (c) (i) 126 (ii) 135
4. (a) 5040 (d) (i) 136 (ii) 36
(b) 3600 2. (a) (i) 28 (ii) 126
5. (a) 120 (b) (i) 912 (ii) 14
(b) 24 (c) (i) 1176 (ii) 980

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3. (a) (i) 14 (ii) 27 2. (i) 5040 (ii) 5040
(b) (i) 21 (ii) 17
3. (i) 60 (ii) 210
4. 5005
4. (a) (i) n = 7 (ii) n = 10
5. (a) 35 (b) 15 (b) (i) n = 11 (ii) n = 14
6. 15 380 937 5. 7.75×1010 (3SF)
7. 36960 6. 255 024
8. 31 500 7. 504
8. 336
⎛ 140⎞ ⎛ 128⎞ ⎛ 118⎞
9. ⎜⎝ 12 ⎟⎠ ⎜⎝ 10 ⎟⎠ ⎜⎝ 10 ⎟⎠ =1.
1 62 1045 (3SF) 9. 3 276 000
11. 186
10. (a) 43 680 12. 84
(b) 65 520 13. 4624
11. (a) 35 (b) 35 14. n = 3
(c) 31 (d) 33
12. (a) 126 Exercise 1G
(b) 120
13. 105 1. 13! × 2 = 1.25 × 1010

14. (a) 120 2. 2 488 320

(b) 210 3. 30 240
15. 24 4. 150 × 1014
⎛ 45⎞ ⎛ 30⎞ 5. (a) 32 432 400
16. ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ = 5.5 35 1019 (3SF)
⎝ 15⎠ ⎝ 15⎠
(b) 45 360
6. (a) 17280
Exercise 1E
(b) 5760
1. 560
(c) 43200
2. 600
(d) 2880
3. (a) 120
(b) 1320 Mixed examination practice 1
4. (a) 4920
(b) 4800 Short questions
5. 19557 1. 210
6. 270200 2. 120
7. 65 559 3. 30 240
8. (a) 11082 4. 729
(b) 48387 5. 55
9. 696 6. n = 5
7. 8640
Exercise 1F
8. n = 15
1. (a) (i) 6 (ii) 5
(b) (i) 56 (ii) 110 9. 2947
(c) (i) 720 (ii) 1320 10. 480

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11. 672 (e) (i) 22 (ii) 3−14
12. 921 164 400 (f) (i) g 6 (ii) k −8

13 25 200 3. (a) (i) 212 (ii) 314

(b) (i) 5−4 (ii) 7 −6
14. 112 (c) (i) 112 (ii) 1315
(d) (i) 217 (ii) 33
Long questions (e) (i) 612 (ii) 36
1. (a) 48 4. (a) (i) 210 (ii) 314
(b) 72 (b) (i) 29 (ii) 220
(c) (i) 213 (ii) 34
(c) 42 (d) (i) 29 (ii) 311
2. (a) 20 (e) (i) 2 −6 (ii) 3−6
(b) 22 (f) (i) 22 (ii) 310
(c) 30
5. (a) (i) 8 x 6 (ii) 9 x 8
3. (a) 121 080 960 (b) (i) 2 x 6 (ii) 3x 8
(b) 3 991 680 (c) (i) 9a10 (ii) 16
1 y2
(c) 27 941 760 (d) (i) (ii)
2x 9
2
4. (a) We select 2 out of 4 places to put R’s in. (e) (i) (ii) 3 y 2
x
⎛ 2n⎞ 5x 2 y 4 ab5
(b) ⎜ ⎟ (f) (i) (ii)
⎝ n⎠ 9 8
3
(c) 20 p 27 310
(g) (i) (ii)
⎛ n + m − 2⎞ 2q 2 x7
(d) ⎜
⎝ n − 1 ⎟⎠ 6. (a) (i) x 3 (ii) x12
5. (b) 2047 1
(b) (i) 2 x 5 (ii)
2x 4
(c) 5775
4 y12
(c) (i) (ii) 6
6. (a) 4495 3x 3 x
(b) 22 5 3
7. (a) (i) (ii) −
(c) 26 3 2
1 3
(b) (i) − (ii) −
2 4
Chapter 2 (c)
(d)
(i)
(i)
4
4
(ii)
(ii)
2
0
(e) (i) 4 (ii) 11
Exercise 2A (f) (i) 3 (ii) 3
1. (a) (i) 67 (ii) 58 8. 5 10 −4
(b) (i) a8 (ii) x9
(c) (i) 7 −3 (ii) 55 9. 8cm
(d) (i) x2 (ii) x5 1
10. (a) k =
(e) (i) g −12 (ii) k −8 3
(b) A = 16 cm2
2. (a) (i) 61 (ii) 5−2
(b) (i) a −2 (ii) x3 11. 2350 = (27)50 = (128)50
(c) (i) 59 (ii) 715 5150 = (53)50 = (125)50
(d) (i) x6 (ii) x −11 3
12. b , a =
2

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Exercise 2B (ii) y
1. (a) (i) y 9
y=8

x
1
(e) (i) y
y=0 y=6
x 5
(ii) y

1 y=0
x (ii) y
y y=1
(b) (i)
x

2
y=0
x
(ii) y
2. 13.31 m2
3. (a) A = 25, B = 100, k = 3
(b) 26°C
(c) ◦C
6 y=0 125
x
(c) (i) y
75

25

y=0 1 x
3
x
4. (a) h
(ii) y 2
1.8

1
y=0
x
(d) (i) y m

6 (b) 1.8 m
(c) 1.60 m
y=5 (d) The branch may not be long enough to
reach the ground, or it might break before it
x reaches the ground.

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5. (a) y 1 1
(c) (i) log + log
l gb
17

(ii) log a +1

4. (a) (i) x = 3 y (ii) x = 16 y

2
(b) (i) x a y+1 (ii) x ay

y=1
(c) (i) x 3 3 y (ii) x y
1
x

3 5. (a) (i) x = 5 (ii) x = 2

(b) x = ±
2 (b) (i) x = 0 4 (ii) x = 0 25

6. 41.2°C (c) (i) x = 6 (ii) x = 100

7. (a) 0 m−1 6. x = 111

(b) 40 m−1 7. x = −3
e2 + 1
8. x =
Exercise 2C 3
1
9. x = 9,
1. (a) (i) 3.72 (ii) −0.283 9
(b) (i) 8.15 (ii) 1.36 10. x 81 y = 25
(c) (i) 7.39 (ii) 0.049 8
11. x = 101 5 = 31.6
(d) (i) 8.24 (ii) 0.002 74
12. x = 9 4 = 1.17
2. 6
π4 π5 ≈ e
13. 5.50
Exercise 2D
Exercise 2E
1. (a) (i) 3 (ii) 2
1. (a) (i) 4 (ii) 1/2
(b) (i) 1 (ii) 1
(b) (i) 6 (ii) 3/2
(c) (i) 0 (ii) 0
(d) (i) −1 (ii) −3 2. (a) (i) 7 y (ii) 2x + y
1 1 (b) (i) x + 2 y − z
(e) (i) (ii)
2 3 (ii) 2 x y 3z
1 1 (c) (i) 2 y 5z
(f) (i) (ii) (ii) 1 y 2z
2 2
(d) (i) x 4 y
2 3
(g) (i) (ii) (ii) 2 + 2 x + y + 2z
3 4 y x z
3 5 (e) (i) 2 + (ii) −1
(h) (i) (ii) x y
2 4 y x + 2z
3 (f) (i) ×10 x y (ii)
(i) (i) (ii) 2.25 x x+ y
4
1 1 3. (a) (i) x = 2 (ii) x = 4
(j) (i) − (ii) −
2 2 (b) (i) x = 9 (ii) x = 2
1
2. (a) (i) 1.70 (ii) −0.602 (c) (i) x = (ii) x = 8
4
(b) (i) −2.30 (ii) 2.30 12
(d) (i) x = 2 = 5.28
3. (a) (i) 5log x (ii) 5log x
(ii) x = 210 = 1024
l y − log y
(b) (i) log x log l gx −3
log (e) (i) x = 8 (ii) x = 4
1
(ii) ( log )
2
l x+4
log (f) (i) x = (ii) x = 8
3

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 1 23 (c) (i) y
4. e
3
x=2
5. (a) a b (b) 2(a b)
1
6. x = 2,
2 x
3
8. −1
1
9. a =
b

Exercise 2F (ii) y
x = −1
1. (a) (i) y
x=0
0
x

x
−1 1

Exercise 2G
1. (a) (i) 2.45 (ii) 116
(ii) y (b) (i) −0.609 (ii) 4 62
x=0 (c) (i) −1 71 (ii) 0.527
(d) (i) 1.11 (ii) −2 98
2. (a) 100
x (b) 48 299
1
(c) 2.24 h
3. (a) 64
(b) 4.96 h
(b) (i) y 4. (a) 4.96 units
x=0 (b) 138.8 mins
5. (a) W
1
x
4
k
t
(b) 2.3 mins
(ii) y ⎛ 5⎞
ln
x=0 ⎝ 4⎠
6.
⎛ 1⎞
ln
⎝ 36 ⎠
1
x 7. x = 10 + log 7 3
2
8. 11.3 min
9. (b) 0.742

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Mixed examination practice 2 Chapter 3
Short questions Exercise 3A
1. x = ± 24 1. (a) Order 3, lead coefficient 3
b (b) Order 5, lead coefficient −1
2. (a) 2a + − c
2 (c) No
a −1 (d) No
(b)
2 (e) No
b c (f) No
(c) (g) Order 7, lead coefficient 2
2
(h) Order 0, lead coefficient 1
4 10
3. x 3 3 79 y = e 3 = 28 0 2. (a) (i) 6 x 3 8x8 x 2 − 29 x + 14
(ii) 3x 3 16 x 2 23 6
4. x = 1 ± 1 − e y
(b) (i) 2 x 4 155x 3 4 x 2 + 4x 4x 1
ln 3
5. x = (ii) 2 x 4 7 x 3 − 30 x 2 + 6 x 15
ln 2 (c) (i) b b3 − 3b 1 b 4
6. a = b −2 (ii) r 4 r 3 + 33r 2 − 62r + 14
5 −5
(d) (i) − x 6 + 2 x 5 + 5x 4 − x 3 − x 2 + 5
7. x = 5 3 or 5 3
(ii) − x 6 + x 4 + x 3 − x 2 − x
8. x = e2 or e −2
3. (a) (i) x 2 + 5x
5x 1
Long questions (ii) x 2 + x − 6
(b) (i) 3x 2 2x − 2
2x
1. (a) V
2
V = 42 (ii) 5 2
(c) (i) x 3
2 x 2 3x + 7
(ii) x 3 x2 + x + 7
(d) (i) x 2 + 5
(ii) x − 2
t
(b) 0 ms−1 4. (a) (i) x 3 x2 + 3
(c) 42 ms−1
(d) 3.71s
(ii) x 3 x2 + 2
2
(b) (i) 2 3
01
⎛ 22 ⎞ (ii) x − 3
2. (a) k ,a = = 0.949
⎝ 37 ⎠
(b) 2750 5. (a) (i) a , b = −6
(c) 2039 (ii) a ,b =1
⎛ 10000 ⎞
01 (b) (i) a b=2
(d) k ,a = = 1.025 (ii) a , b = −3
⎝ 7778 ⎠
(c) (i) a , b = −2
(e) 2.5% (ii) a ,b = 5
(d) (i) a , b = −6
3. (a) y 3x 2 (ii) a ,b = 3
(b) y 6
x4 (e) (i) a ,b = 2
(ii) a , b = ∓5
(c) y = 2e3 x − 3
(d) 2 7. (a) Yes (b) No

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Exercise 3B (ii) y

x
1. (a) (i) 3 (ii) −2 −1 5
(b) (i) −7 (ii) 5
(c) (i) −2 (ii) −4
(d) (i) −8 (ii) 3
2. (a) No (b) No −35

(c) Yes (d) Yes

(e) No (f) Yes
(g) No (h) Yes
(i) No (j) No
3. (a) (i) ( x + 1)( x 1)( x + 2) (b) (i) y

(ii) ( x + 1))(( x − 2)( x + 2)

180
(x 2 ) ( x − 3)
2
(b) (i)

(ii) ( x + 2)
3

x
(c) (i) ( x 1)(x 2 − 2x + 10) 3 5

(ii) ( x 3)(x 2 + x + 5)
(d) (i) ( x 1)( )(2x − 1)(
)(3x − 1)
(ii) ( x + 2)(
)(4 x + 3)(
) (3 x − 5 )
(ii) y
4. a , b = −18
12
5. a , b = 48
6. k = 0, 4
1
7. k = −
2 x
8. (a) a , b = 59 (b) ( ) 1 2 3

9. (a) a , b = 22 (b) 0
10. 14
11. a , b = −30
(c) (i) y
Exercise 3C
1. (a) (i) y

x
12 0
4

x
23

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 (ii) y (ii) y

18

4 x
2 3

x
2

(d) (i) y 2. (a) (i) y

x
0

x
0 1 1.5 2

(ii) y
(ii) y

36

x x
−1 −3 −2 2 3

(e) (i) y (b) (i) y

1
−1 −3 −1 2 3
x x
1

−72

© Cambridge University Press 2012 Answers 829

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 (ii) y (ii) y

x
0 4

−2 3 4
x

y
(e) (i)

(c) (i) y

y-int at 72 x
−1 1
3

−12

y
(ii)

3
x
2 4
16

y
(ii)
x
−2

3. (i) A1, B3, C2 (ii) A3, B1, C2

4. (a) (i) a , b = −8, c = 6
−2 1
x (ii) a , b = 5, c = −10
0
1 3
(b) (i) a ,b = ,c =1
4 4
(ii) a , b = 0, c = 1

5. (a) (i) y 2 ( x − 1)( x 4 ) ( x + 2)

(d) (i) y (ii) y 6xx ( x + 2) ( x − 3)
(b) (i) y 5x ( x 1) ( x + 2)
(ii) y ( x − 1)( x + 2)( x + 4 )
(c) (i) y ( x + 1)( x − 2)2
−1
(ii) y = ( x + 1) (x − 2)
3 2
x
−6
(d) (i) y = x ( x + 2))(( x + 3)(2 x − 1)
(ii) y 2 ( x − 3)( x 4 ))(( x + 1)(x − 2)
(e) (i) y 3x 2 ( x 1)(x − 3)

5xx ( x 2) (2 x + 1)
2
(ii) y

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 2 ( x − 3) ( x + 1)
2 2
(f) (i) y Exercise 3D
(ii) y ( x − 3) ( x − 1)
2 2
1. (a) (i) 36 (ii) 68
(b) (i) −47 (ii) −119
6. (b) (x 2))(( x − 1)(2 x + 1) (c) (i) 0 (ii) 0
(c) y (d) (i) 49 (ii) 49
2. (a) Two (b) None
2 (c) One (d) Two
3± 5
3. (a) (i) x =
− 21
2
x 1± 5
1 2
(ii) x =
2
2
(b) (i) x = −1,
3
3± 7
7. y (ii) x =
2
4
(c) (i) x = , −1
3
24 1
(ii) x = , −1
2
3
x
(d) (i) x = 2 ± 7
−2 3
(ii) x = 1, −
2

1
4. (a) (i) k <
8. (a) p = 2, q = −8, r = −6, s = 36 4
(b) p = −1, q = 3, r = 0, s = 0 25
(ii) k<
12
9. (a) (x q )( x + q )( x + q ) 3
(b) (i) k=
(b) 5
y
1
(ii) k=−
24
5 1
(c) (i) k≥− (ii) k ≤
4 16
3 25
x
(d) (i) k> (ii) k > −
−q q 8 12
17 55
−q 4 (e) (i) k= (ii) k =
4 32
1
10. (a) y (f) (i) k =1 (ii) k =
32
(g) (i) k<0 (ii) k < 0
5. m = ± 2
11
6. k = ± 30
2
q x
p 17
−p2 q 7. c ≥
16
8. 0 k 6
9. −9 < k < −1
(b) 1

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10. m ≤ −8 or m ≥ 0 Long questions
9
11. m < −
16 1. (a) ( , −a)
12. k = ±9
b
(b) x = −
Mixed examination practice 3 2
(d) b > 7 or b < −5
Short questions
2. (b) p = ±2 5
1. k + 2 (c) y

2. a, g , b positive, b 4ac
a 0
√
x
2
3. a , b = 2, c , d = −18, e = 27 5

4. a ,b=0
5. (b) f ( x ) = ( x 2) ( x + 1)(x − 3)
(c) y
−10
6

−1
x 3. (b) x 2 y = x+2
2 3

y ± y2 − 4
(c) x = −2
(e) 2 y
y =x+2

5
⎛ 5 4⎞ ⎛ 1 8⎞ 2
6. (a, b ) = ± , − , ± − , y=2
⎝ 3 3 ⎠ ⎝ 3 3⎠
x
7. y

y = −2

x = −2
a
c x
b
4. (a) 5
a2 bc (c) y

8. 3 ± 2 2
9. −4 3 < k < 4 3 x
1
1 1 −1
10. k ≤ − 5 − or k ≥ 5 −
2 2
11. a , b = −18
12. (a) k −1, 1
(b) −3, 5
14. − ≤k≤2 2

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 Chapter 4 (e) (i) x = ln 4
(ii) x = ln 4,ln
,l 5
Exercise 4A (f) (i) x = 1, l og 5 10

1. (a) (i) x = 3 (ii) x = −1 (ii) x = 2, l og 2 3

1 3 (g) (i) x = 1, 2 (ii) x = 3, 9
(b) (i) x = , −
2 5 2. x = 0, 2
(ii) x = 3, −3
3. x = 0, loga5
(c) (i) x = 27,1
4. x = 2, 32
1
(ii) x = 16,
81
(d) (i) x = 7, ± 3
Exercise 4C
1. (a) (i) y
6
(ii) x = , 1,1, 4
5
(e) (i) x = 2 y = x4 − x3 + 1
(ii) x = 1 − l g 2 7

2. (a) (i) x = −3,1, 4

(ii) x = −1, −3, 5

3± 5
(b) (i) x = 2, 1 (0.75, 0.894)
x
2
5 ± 17
(ii) x = 1, (ii) y
2
3. (a) (i) x = 1, 2, 3

(ii) x = −2,1, 3
(b) (i) x = 1, −1 y = x4 − x2

(ii) x = −3, 2, 4
2 −1
4. x = ± 2. 0 1
x
3 (− √12 , − 14 ) ( √12 , − 41 )
5. x = 0, 4, −4

Exercise 4B
(b) (i) y
1. (a) (i) a = ± 3 , ± 7
(ii) x = ±2, ± 3
(b) (i) x = − 3 5,
5 3 1. 5
(ii) a = 1, −2
(c) (i) x = ± 2 + 6
(ii) x = ± 6
y = (x − 1)ex
(d) (i) x = 4,16 x
1
(ii) x = 16, 36 (0, 1)

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 (ii) y 2. y

1 x
(0.368, −0.368)
y = (ex − 1)2

x
0 3. y
(c) (i) y

(1.76, 10.3)
x
(1.59, 2.46)

y=
1
2
x−1 x=1
x−1
(0, 0.5)
4. y
1
x x2 (x2 −9)
y= ex
(5.07, 2.70)

3
x
(ii) y −3 (1.42, −3.40)

y = ln( x+2
x−1
)2
(not to scale)

1.386
x
−2 1 (−2.50, −209)
− 12

Exercise 4D

(d) (i) y 1. (a) (i) x = −1.88, 0.347,1 53

Max: (−0.268, 0.536) (ii) x = −4.49
(b) (i) x = 0
(−3.72, 7.64) (ii) −1.74
2
y = | xx+2
−1
|
(c) (i) No solution
(ii) x = 3.59
2. x = 1.53
3. (a) 3 (b) 1 (c) 1
0.5
x
−2 −1 1
Exercise 4E
(ii) y

4 1. (a) (i) ( −2, −3) , (1, 0)

(ii) ( , 0)
(b) (i) ( −3, −9) , ( 4, 5)
−2 −1 (ii) No intersection
x
2

|x2 −4|
⎛ −11 −8 ⎞
y= 2. (a) (i) ( ,1), ,
x+1
⎝ 5 5⎠
(ii) ( −3, 3) , (5, −1)

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 2. (a) 0 1.30 or x > 12.7
(b) (i) (1, 3), (3,1) (b) 1 x 1.30 or x > 12.7
(ii) ( −3, −5), (−5, −3)
(c) (i) ( −1, 6), (2, 3) Exercise 4H
(ii) (1, 3), ( 1, 5)
4. −1 ± 2 6 2. 4 p3 277q 2 0

5. ±6 2
Mixed examination practice 4
7. x 3 y = 1 or y = 3, x = 1
8. x = 3 , y = 9 3 Short questions
1. (a) y
Exercise 4F
y = 2x
1. (a) (i) x 3 y = −1, z = 1
(ii) x 2 y = 2, z = 1
(b) (i) x 3 y = −3, z = 0
(ii) x 2 y = 1, z = 0 x
(c) (i) x 3 y = −1, z = 2
(ii) x 1 y = 0, z = 3
2. (a) Unique solution
(b) No solutions y = 1 − x2
(c) Infinitely many solutions
(d) No solutions (b) 2
(e) Unique solution 2. 0.541
3. (a) (i) x 2 t, y 1 t, z t 3. −1.12 < x < −0.379 or x > −2.02
(ii) x 2t + 1, y t − 1, z t
(b) x 2t + 1, y t,z = 0 4. x 2 y = −2, z = −3
(c) x 5 t + 2s y = s, z = t 5. x = e3
4. −2 6. (a) x = ±2, ±3
5. −9 (b) −3 ≤ ≤ −2 or 2 ≤ ≤ 3
2−a 7. (a) y
6. x 1 y=z=
3
7. (a) a = 1 or 2
t 3t x
(b) x = 1 + , y = ,z t
5 5 −1
8. (a) −2
(b) 9 x = ln 2
(c) x t + 5, y t − 1, z t
(b) x = ln2

Exercise 4G 8. (a) −7

1. (a) (i) x < 3 08 (ii) x > 1 58 (b) x 5 t, y t,z = 9

(b) (i) x ≤ 4.11 (ii) x ≥ 7 54 9. ±5
(c) (i) x < 1 91 (ii) x < 0.743
(d) (i) x ≥ 1 36 (ii) x < 1 08 10. 0 1 or 1.43 8.61
(e) (i) x > −1 77 (ii) x ≤ 4.49 11. x = 1
(f) (i) −2 < < 0 or x > 2
(ii) x < − 6 or 0 6

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Long questions 2. (a) (i) 3 (ii) 7
(b) (i) 0 (ii) 1
1. (a) (i) k = 27 (c) (i) 1 + log10 y (ii) 1 + log10 z
(ii) x = 4 (d) (i) 2 + log10 x (ii) 3 + log10 y
(e) (i) 4 5 log10 x (ii) 1
(b) (i) y
3. (a) (i) 4 (ii) −8
(b) (i) 3x + 1 − y (ii) 6x + 4 − 2 x
4
x (c) (i) 24x + 2 − 6 x (ii) 6x 2 + x − x 2 + 1

x= 4
Exercise 5C
1. (a) Domain: R Range: ]0,∞[
(b) Domain: R Range: ]0,∞[
(c) Domain: ]0,∞[ Range: R
]0,∞[ Range: R
1
y= (x−1)3 −1 (d) Domain:
(ii) x 4 y=0
2. (a) (i) x ≠ −2 (ii) x ≠ 7
(c) ( .44, 1.38) (b) (i) x ≠ 2 − 4 (ii) x ≠ ±3
(c) (i) y ≥ 1 (ii) x ≥ −3
2. (a) x = ± 2 2
(d) (i) a >1 (ii) x <
(b) (i) k = −1 (ii) x = 1 ± 2 5
(e) (i) x≠0 −1 (ii) x ≥ −1
(c) x < 1 − 2 or x > 1 + 2 (f) (i) x ≤ 5 x ≥ 5 (ii) x ≤ 3 x ≥1
3
3. (a) 0 (g) (i) x≥0 (ii) x ≥ −
(b) 5 2
(c) x 4 t, y 1z =t 3. (a) (i) y ≤ 7 (ii) y ≥ 3
(b) (i) y ≥ 12
(ii) y ≥ y ∈Z
Chapter 5
(c) (i) y ≥ 0 (ii) y ≥ 0
Exercise 5A (d) (i) y ≤ 1 y>0
1. (a) Function: many-to-one (ii) y > 0
(b) Relation 4. (a) (i) Not continuous, range ] , 2] ]3, [
(c) Relation y
(d) Function: one-to-one
(e) Function: one-to-one
(f) Function: one-to-one
2. (a) (i) Yes (ii) Yes
(b) (i) Yes (ii) Yes
(c) (i) No (ii) No
x
Exercise 5B (ii) Not continuous, range ] , 1] ]2, [
1. (a) (i) 24 (ii) 140
y
(b) (i) 14 (ii) 4
(c) (i) 3z 2 z (ii) 3a2 a
(d) (i) 3x 2 55xx + 2
(ii) 3x 2 13x 14 x
(e) (i) −x (ii) 57 x 2 11x
3−x
(f) (i) (ii) 3x x
x2

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 (b) (i) Not continuous, range ] , 3[ Exercise 5D
y
1. (a) (i) 5 (ii) 26
(b) (i) 9 8 (ii) 9 2 12 x 5
(c) (i) 9 17
(ii) y 4 y 3 8 y 2 8y
8y 5
x (d) (i) 9 2 17
(ii) 27 z 2 + 36z
36z + 17
2. (a) (i) x 2 (ii) x 3
(ii) Continuous, range ] , ∞[ (b) (i) 3 5 (ii) x 2 + 5x
5x 6
2
y (c) (i) x + 4 (ii) x 3
(d) (i) ln(ln )
⎛ x + 1⎞
(ii) ln
⎝ 3 ⎠
3. x = 0, −2
1
4. x = −
3
x 5. (a) y ≠ 2 (b) x = 1 5

(c) (i) Continuous, range [ , 4] (c) Domain: x < 1 x ≥ 1. 5

y Range: y > 0 dy≠ 2
3
6. (a) 2 3 (b) 2 3 3
−4 −2
7. (a) a , b= (b) y ≥ 0
3 3
8. (a) x 2 is not always > 3
x (b) x ∈ ] − ∞, − 3 [ ∪ ] 3 , ∞[
x −2
9.
(ii) Not continuous, range [ , 2] 6
y Exercise 5E
x −1 x+3
1. (a) (i) (ii)
3 7
2x 2 x 1
(b) (i) ,x ≠ (ii) ,x ≠
3 2 3 1 2x 2
x xb − a x −1 a
(c) (i) ,x ≠ 1 (ii) ,x ≠
x −1 bx − a b
5. x≥5
x −2
(d) (i) 1 − x (ii)
6. x ≥ , x ≠ 2, x ≠ 3 3
7. a = 15 x2 + 2 2 − x2
(e) (i) ,x ≥ 0 (ii) ,x ≥ 0
8. x< 2 x > −1 3 5

1 1 − ex ex − 2
x≤ x > 12 (f) (i) (ii)
9. 5 2
2
⎛ x⎞ 1 ⎛ x⎞
10. (a) (i) a ≤ x < b (ii) ∅ (g) (i) 2 ln , x>0 (ii) ln , x>0
⎝ 7⎠ 10 ⎝ 9 ⎠
⎧ ln (b a ) for a b
(b) f (a ) = ⎨
⎩undefined for a b (h) (i) 5 y 19 (ii) y + 10 − 3

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2. (a) y 4
(g) (i) x , no (ii) 9
x , no
4
3 x −1 1+ x
(h) (i) , no (ii) , no
2 x 2+ x
1
(i) (i) x, yes (ii) x, yes
x
−4 −3 −2 −1 1 2 3 4
−1 4. x≥0
−2
5. (a) −1 (b) 1
−3
−4 6. −23
1 ⎛ x⎞
(b) y 7. f (x ) = ln
2 ⎝ 3⎠
4
x −3
(f g) (x ) = 3
3 −1
8.
2 2
1 9. (a) ln3
x
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10. x = −1
−1
−2
4x + 4
−3 11. f (x ) = − , x ≠1
1− x
−4

12. (a) k f −1 ( x ) x, x ≥ 0
(c) y

4
(b) k f (x )
−1
x −2 − , x ≥2
3 (c) k f −1 ( x ) x, x ≥ 0
2
ex
1 13. (a) f (x ) = +1
x 3
−4 −3 −2 −1 1 2 3 4
−1 (b) g f ( x ) 3x − 3, x > 1
−2
−3 14. (a) k = 2
−4 (b) (i) ] ,0] ] 2, [
(d) y ⎧ 1 + −x , x ≤ 0
(ii) f ( x ) = ⎪⎨
4
⎪⎩1 − x 2 , x > 2
3
2 15. (b) k = −3
1
−4 −3 −2 −1
1 2 3 4
x Exercise 5F
−1
⎛ 1 ⎞ ⎛ 1⎞ ⎛ 5 ⎞
−2 1. (a) (i) ⎜ − , 0⎟ , ⎜ 0, ⎟ (ii) ⎜ − , 0⎟ , (0, 5)
−3
⎝ 3 ⎠ ⎝ 3⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠
−4
⎛3 ⎞ ⎛ 3⎞ ⎛5 ⎞ ⎛ 5⎞
(b) (i) ⎜ , 0 , 0, − ⎟ (ii) ⎜ , 0 , 0, − ⎟
⎝2 ⎠ ⎝ 7⎠ ⎝3 ⎠ ⎝ 2⎠
3. (a) (i) x, yes (ii) x, yes
2. (a) (i) x = 1, y = 4 (ii) x = 7,y = 2
x
(b) (i) 4x, no (ii) , no 1 3 5 4
16 (b) (i) x y= (ii) x y=
(c) (i) 20 + x, no (ii) 2 + x, no 2 2 3 3
−5 −1 2 −2
(d) (i) x, yes (ii) x, yes (c) (i) x y= (ii) x y=
(e) (i) x, yes (ii) x, yes 2 2 3 3
x4 −1
(f) (i) , no (ii) x 9, no (d) (i) x = 2, y = 0 (ii) x y=0
3 2

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3. (a) (i) y (d) (i) y

y=2 x
y=0

x
− 12 1
−2

x=2 x=0

y (ii) y
(ii)

y=3
x
y=0

x
−−131
3
x=0
x=3

3
(b) (i) y 4. (a) (i) Domain x ≠ 0, Range y f 1 (x ) =
x=4 x
7
(ii) Domain x ≠ 0, Range y f 1 (x ) =
x
3
x
y = −1 2 + 3x
− 43 (b) (i) Domain x ≠ 3, Range y f (x ) =
x
5x − x
(ii) Domain x ≠ 0, Range y f 1 (x ) =
x
(ii) y 1 2
(c) (i) Domain x ≠ , Range y ≠ ,
3 3
x +1 2
f x) = ,x≠
3x − 2 3
5
x
−1
y = −1 (ii) Domain x ≠ , Range
2
− 52 −x − 5
y f 1 (x ) = ,x≠2
x=2 2x − 4

(c) (i) y (d) (i) x ≠ −1, Range

x = −3
5 − 2x
y f 1 (x ) = , x ≠ −2
2 x+2
3
y=0
x 3
(ii) Domain x ≠ , Range
4
3 1 3x − 1 3
y f (x ) = ,x≠
4 4x − 3 4
(ii) y
4 −3
5. x y=
5 5

y=0
6. (a) Domain x ≠ −3, Range y ≠ 0
x
1 − 3x
− 12
(b) f x) =
x

x=2

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7. y
Domain: ] , 3] ] 5, [
x=5
(b) p = 5

8. (a) a , b = 1 (b) y ≥ 0

y=3
1
5
Long questions
1
x
3
1. (a) 10
a (b) 4 − x 2
8. (a) y ≠
2 (c) Reflection in the line y x
8x + 3 a (d) (i) x −1 (ii) y > 3
(b) f x) = ,x≠
2x a 2 (iii) x > 10
(e) x = −4,1
(c) 8
2. (a) (i) 15 (ii) y ∈R
Mixed examination practice 5 (iii)
3 5
(iv) 4 3
x −1
Short questions (b) f (x) can be 1, which is not in the domain of g.
1. (a) 3 3 x+3
(c) (i) (ii) x ≠ 1 (ii) y ≠ 1
⎛ x⎞ x −1
(b) 3 ln +1
⎝ 3⎠
3. (a) ( x + 2)2 + 5 (b) y
2. (a) y l x (b) ( , 0)
9
3. (a) x 5 y = −4
5x + 3
(b) f ( x ) =
(−2, 5)

x+4 x
4. (a) ( x − 3) 2
+1 (b) x −1 + 3 (c) Range of f (x) is y ≥ 5 , Range of g (x) is y > 0
(c) x ≥ 1 (d) y > 9
5. (a) ( x − 3)2 − 7 (b) y ≥ −7 (c) x+7 +3 8x
4. (a) y = 2 x + 3
6. (a) y ∈R y ≠ −1
(b) y
(b) y
x = −1
3

3
x y=4

y = −1

x
x = − 23

3−x
16 x 8k 2k + 3
x=− ,y = 4
(c) f (x ) =
, x ≠ 1 y ≠ −1 (c) (i)
4 x 2k + 3
(ii)
4
x +1
7. (a) (i) ] , 3] ] 5, [ 16 x − 76
(iii) f ( x ) = f (x ) =
4 x − 16
⎧ ⎛ 3⎞
, 0<x≤3
( x ) = ⎪⎨ ⎝ x ⎠
ln
(ii) f ⎛ 1⎞ 2 1⎛ 4 ⎞
5. (b) f + 2 f (x ) = + 1 (c) − 2x 1
⎪ 5 − x, x > 5 ⎝ x⎠ x 3⎝ x ⎠
⎩

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 (ii) y
Chapter 6
Exercise 6A (−1, 3)

1. (a) (i) y x
(−5, −1)
(3, 6)

(−1, 2) x
(d) (i) y

(4.5, 3)

(ii) y x
(3, 8)
(0.5, −1)

(−1, 4)
x
(ii)
y

(5, 3)
(b) (i) y x
(1, −1)

x
(3, −4)
2. (a) (i) y 3x 2 + 3 (ii) y 9x 3 − 7
(b) (i) y 7 x 3 − 3x + 4 (ii) y 8x 2 − 7 x + 6
(−1, −8)
4 ( x − 5) 7 ( x + 3)
2 2
(c) (i) y (ii) y
3(x + 4) − 5(x + 4) + 4
3 2
(ii) y (d) (i) y
(ii) y ( x − 3)3 + 6 ( x − 3) + 2
(3, 2.5) 3. (a) (i) Vertically down 5 units
(ii) Vertically down 4 units
x (b) (i) Left 1 unit (ii) Left 5 units
(−1, −1.5)
(c) (i) Right 4 units (ii) Right 5 units
(d) (i) Left 3 units (ii) Right 2 units

(c) (i)
y Exercise 6B
1. (a) (i) y
(1, 3)
(3, 9)
x
(−3, −1)
x
(−1, −3)

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 (ii) y (ii) y
(3, 15)
(3.6, 3)

x x
(−1.2, −1)
(−1, −5)

2
y 2. (a) (i) 21
(b) (i)
(ii) y 18 x 3
(3, 34 )
1
(b) (i) y ( x − x+ )
x 3
(−1, − 14 ) 4
(ii) y ( x − x+ )
5
(c) (i) y x2
2
⎛ x⎞
(ii) y (ii) y = 7
⎝ 5⎠
3 (2 x ) − 5 (2 x ) + 4
3 2
(d) (i) y
(3, 32 )
3
⎛ 3x ⎞ ⎛ 3x ⎞
x (ii) y = +6 +2
⎝ 2⎠ ⎝ 2⎠
(−1, − 12 )
3. (a) (i) Vertical stretch, scale factor 4
(ii) Vertical stretch, scale factor 6
1
(c) (i) y (b) (i) Horizontal stretch, scale factor 3

(ii) Horizontal stretch, scale factor 14

(c) (i) Horizontal stretch, scale factor 2
( 32 , 3)
(ii) Horizontal stretch, scale factor 5
x (d) (i) Horizontal stretch, scale factor 13
(− 12 , −1) (ii) Horizontal stretch, scale factor 2

Exercise 6C
(ii) y 1. (a) y

( 12 , 3)
(−1, 1)
x x
(− 16 , −1)
(3, −3)

(d) (i) y (b) y

(4 12 , 3) (−3, 3)

x x
(−1 12 , −1) (1, −1)

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2. (a) (i) y 3x 2 (b) (i) y

(ii) y 9x 3
(b) (i) y 7 x 3 + 3x − 6
(ii) y 8x 2 + 7 x − 1
(c) (i) y 4x2 1
x
(ii) y 7x3
(d) (i) y 3x 3 − 5x 2 + 4
(ii) y x 3 − 6x + 2
3. (a) (i) Reflection in the x-axis
(ii) Reflection in the x-axis
(ii) y
(b) (i) Reflection in the y-axis
(ii) Reflection in the y-axis
(c) (i) Reflection in the x-axis
(ii) Reflection in the x-axis
(d) (i) Reflection in the y-axis
(ii) Reflection in the y-axis −2 2
x

Exercise 6D
−2

1. (a) (i) y

(c) (i) y

1
1
x
2
2

x
−2 1

(ii) y

(ii) y

2
6

2
x
3

x
2 3

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 (d) (i) y (b) (i) y

x
2

x
−2 −1 1 2

(ii) y

(ii) y

1
x x
−2 2

(c) (i) y
−6

2. (a) (i) y

x
3

x=2
3

(ii) y

x
1.864

(ii) y

(1, 1)
x

3. (a) (i) x = ±4 (ii) x = ±18

1 1
x (b) (i) x = 0, 4 (ii) x = −1,
0.322 3
2
(c) (i) x = 0, −8 (ii) x = − , 8
3

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 2 1 9 (ii) y
(d) (i) x = , 4 (ii) x = , (2, 5.5)
3 4 2
1
4. (a) (i) x = −2, 3 (ii) x = − (−5, 3)
y=3
2
1
(b) (i) x = (ii) x = −1, −2 (−2.5, 1)
x
2
4 1
(c) (i) x = 4, − (ii) x = 1, −
3 3
(d) (i) No solutions (ii) No solutions
5. (a) (i) x ∈]−∞ − [ ∪ ] ∞[ (b) (i) y
6
(ii) x ∈]−∞ − [ ∪ ] ∞[ 5
4
(b) (i) −3 < < 3 (ii) −10 < x < 10 3

(c) (i) x ∈⎤ −∞, −5 ⎡ ∪ ⎤ 3 , ∞ ⎡

2
1
⎥⎦ 2 ⎢⎣ ⎦ 2 ⎢⎣ x
−6−5 −4 −3 −2 −1 1 2 3 4 5 6
−1
1 5 −2
(ii) − < x < −3
3 3 −4
4
(d) (i) <x<6 (ii) x ∈]−∞ [ ∪ ] ∞[ −5
3
4
(e) (i) − < x < 4 (ii) −1 < x < 1 (ii) y
3 (−2.5, 10)
6. x ∈R 7. 0.472, 8 47
8. 2≤ ≤5 9. x = 0, 4, −4 .
q2 y=2
10. (−5, 2)
2 x
11. y

(p, 2q) (2, −8)

(c) (i) y
12
10
8
6
4
x 2
x
−6−5−4−3−2−2
−1 1 2 3 4 5 6
−4
Exercise 6E −6
−8
−10
⎛x ⎞ −12
1. (a) y p( f (x ) + c) (b) y f + d⎟
⎝q ⎠
2. (a) (i) y (ii) y
12 (−2.5, 2.5)
10
8
6
4
y = 0.5
2
(−5, 0.5)
x x
−6 −5 −4 −3 −2 −1 1 2 3 4 5 6
−2
−4
−6
−8
(2, −2)
−10
−12

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 y
(d) (i) 12
(ii) y
10
8
6
4
2 4
x
−10−8 −6 −4 −2 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 x
−2 −2 1 2
−4
−6
−8
−10
−12

(ii) y
(−0.5, 5) (b) (i) y

(−4, 0)
x

(−1, 4) (1, 4)

(−2.75, −4)

x
y
(e) (i) 6
5 (ii) y
4
3
2
1
6
x
−24−20−16−12−8 −4 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36
−1
−2 x
−3 (−2, −2) (1, −2) (2, −2)
−4
−5
−6

(ii) y
(7, 5) (c) (i) y

(−7, 0)
x
(−1, 4)
(1, 4)

(−2, −4)

x
3. (a) (i) y

(ii) y

6
x
−1 1 (−2, 2) (2, 2)
x
(1, 2)

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4. (a) (i) y (c) (i) y

x
−1 1 x
2

(ii) y

(ii) y

x
−2 −1 1 2
(−2, 4) 4

x
−4 −3 1 2

(b) (i) y

5. (a) (i) k ( x ) = 2 f ( x ) − 6 Stretch sf 2 relative to

⎛ 0⎞
x y = 0 and translation ⎜ ⎟
⎝ −6⎠
(ii) k ( x ) = 5 f ( x ) + 4 Stretch sf 5 relative
⎛ 0⎞
to y = 0 and translation ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 4⎠

(ii) (b) (i) h ( x ) = 5 − 3 f ( x ) Stretch sf 3 relative

y
to y = 0 , reflection in y = 0 and
⎛ 0⎞
translation ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 5⎠
(−1, 4) (1, 4) (ii) h ( x ) = 4 − 8 f ( x ) Stretch sf 8 relative
to y = 0 , reflection in y = 0 and
x
−3 −2 2 3
⎛ 0⎞
translation ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 4⎠

6. (a) (i) g ( x ) = 6x
6x 2 − 6
(ii) g ( x ) = x 2 + 1
(b) (i) g ( x ) = x 2 + 4
(ii) g ( x ) = 7x
7x2 − 4

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 (c) (i) g ( x ) = 4 − 2 x 2 11. h ( x ) = 4 x+
x +1
+ 16 x − 4

(ii) g ( x ) = 6 − 2 x 2 12. (a) y

(d) (i) g ( x ) = 5 − x 2
(ii) g ( x ) = −3 − 3x 2

⎛ −1⎞
7. (a) (i) g ( x ) = f ( x + 1) translation ⎜ ⎟ . y = ln x
x
⎝ 0⎠ 1

(ii) g ( x ) = f ( x − 3) Or reflection in x = 0
⎛ 3⎞
then translation ⎜ ⎟ .
⎝ 0⎠
1
(b) (i) h ( x ) = f ( x ) Horizontal stretch sf
2 (b) y
y = 3 ln(x + 2)
(ii) h(x) = f ⎛ ⎞ :Stretch sf 3 relative to x = 0
x x = −2

⎝ 3⎠
⎛ −2⎞
(c) (i) k ( x ) = f ( x + 2) :Translation ⎜ ⎟ then
⎝ 0⎠
1
stretch sf relative to x = 0 −1
x
2
⎛ 1⎞
(ii) k ( x ) = f ( x − 1) : Translation ⎜ ⎟ then
⎝ 0⎠
1
stretch sf relative to x = 0
3
8. (a) (i) g ( x ) = 32 x 2 16 x − 2 (c) y
1
(ii) g ( x ) = 8 x 2 + 16 x + 4
x= 2

(b) (i) g ( x ) = 8 x 2 + 64 x + 124

9x 2 1
(ii) g ( x ) = − 9x +
2 2
(c) (i) g ( x ) = 2 x 2 12 x + 14 x
1
(ii) g ( x ) = 2 x 2 + 12 x + 14
9. (a) (i) g (x) = 2 f (x + 1) − 2: Vertical stretch
⎛ −1⎞
sf 2 then translation by
⎜⎝ −2⎟⎠ y = ln(2x − 1)

(ii) g ( x ) = 3 f ( x − 4 ) − 40 : Vertical stretch

Exercise 6F
1. (a) (i) y
⎛ 4 ⎞ x=3
sf 3 then translation by ⎜
⎝ −40⎟⎠
⎛ 3⎞
(b) (i) g (x) = f (x − 3) − 4: translation by
⎝ −4 ⎠
(ii) g (x) = − 4 f (x − 1) + 8: Vertical stretch y= 1
x−3
x
sf 4 and reflection in x-axis then − 13
translation by ⎛ ⎞
8
⎜⎝ 1⎟⎠

10. (i) a ,b=7

(ii) a , b = 3, c = −5

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 (ii) y (ii) y
x=5

1 1
y= x−5
x 1
x
− 15 y= (x−1)2

x=1

(b) (i) y (d) (i) y

x = −1

1
y= x+1
1
x x
1
− 14 y= x2 −4

x = −2 x=2
(ii) y
(ii) y

1
y= x2

x
1
x
y= x2 +x−6
− 16

x = −3 x=2
(c) (i) y
(e) (i) y

y=1

1
x 2
y= x2
x
y = ex1+1

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 (ii) y (c) y

e–2
x
y = ex1+2

(3, 12 )
1
3
x
x=1 x=5

(f) (i) y (d) y

x x

x = e−2

(ii) y
(e) y

−3
1
x
0 y= ln(x+3) (5, 13 )
x

x = −2
x = −2 x=3
2. (a) y
(f) y

(−2, 14 )

x
2 (2, − 51 )

x = −3 x=4

(b) y
3. (a) p 3 q = 0
(b) (i) y

1
y= 5
x
− 12

9
x = −1 x=3

x
3 y = (x − 3)2

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 (ii) y (c) (i) neither (ii) neither
(d) (i) odd (ii) even
(e) (i) neither (ii) neither
2. (a) Two-fold rotational symmetry about the
origin
(b) (i) y

1
9
1
x
y= (x−3)2
x=3
x
4. y

x=1

(ii) y
1
(0, 3)
x
(1.8, − 31 )

x
x = −2

5. y
4

3 9. (a) x = −3
2
(b) a = 3
1

x 10. Reflective symmetry through x = 5

−4 −3 −2 −1 1 2 3 4
−1 11. f ° f (4) = 4: f is self-inverse if reflective in y = x
−2 1
−3
12. (b) ( f ( x ) + f ( x ))
2
−4
(d) (i) y
6. (a) x 0, x = ± l 4
7. y
4

3 x
0
2

x
−2 −1 1 2 3 4 5 6
−1 (ii) y
−2

−3

−4

Exercise 6G
1
1 (a) (i) even (ii) even x
(b) (i) odd (ii) odd

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Mixed examination practice 6 5. (a) y

Short questions
1. (a) y
x
y=0

(2, 0) x=0
x
(6, 0)
(b) Vertical stretch with scale factor 3 and
reflection in the x-axis (or y-axis)

(c) f ( x ) = − x3
f (x)
6. (a) y
(b) y x = −5 x=5

x
x

x=4

2. y 2 x 2 − 112x
2 x 2 + 24 x − 18
1
3. < x <1
3
⎛ 1⎞ ⎛ 1⎞
4. (a) (b) −3, − , 3, −
y ⎝ 5⎠ ⎝ 5⎠
y=c ⎛ −3⎞
7. Translation by ⎜ ⎟ and vertical stretch with scale
y = |f (x)|
factor (sf)3. ⎝ ⎠
b 0

x
8. (a) Horizontal stretch with sf 2; vertical stretch
a
with sf 3
(b) y

y = 3 ln( x2 )
(b) y

x
(2, 0)

x
(−a, −1) (a, −1)

y = f (|x|) − 1
b−1

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 (c) y (d) y
x = −2
y = 3 ln( x2 + 1)

x 1
x
y= 3x2 −12x+12

x=2

9. (a) y
2. (a) y = 3
(b) p 3 q =1
⎛ 2⎞
(c) Translation with vector ⎜ ⎟
1 y= 1 ⎝ 3⎠
y= 2
f (x)

( x ) = 2xx−−35 , x ≠ 3
x
(d) f

(e) Reflection in the line y x

x = −2 ⎛ −2⎞
3. (a) Translation by ⎜ ⎟
(b) y ⎝ 0⎠
y = xf (x) (b) y
x = −2

y = ln(x + 2)

x
(−2, 0)
1
y= ln(x+2)

y = 2x
x = −1

10. x ≥ 0 ⎛ 2⎞
(c) (i) ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 0⎠
Long questions (ii) a , b = 6, c = −10,
d = −1
⎛ 2⎞ (d) y
1. (a) Translation by ⎜ ⎟ and vertical stretch with
⎝ 0⎠
sf 3.
⎛ 3⎞
(b) Translation by ⎜ ⎟ and translation
⎝ 0⎠
⎛ 0⎞
by y = (k(x))2
⎜⎝ 10⎟⎠ y = k(x)
x

⎛ 5⎞
(c) Translation by ⎜ ⎟ and vertical stretch with
⎝ 10⎠
scale factor 3.

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4. (a) y (ii) y
2
y = x − 7x + 10

x
− ln 2 ln 2
10
y= e|x| − 2 −1

x
2 5

(c) y

(c) x ln ( ), x ≥ ln2
10

−5 −2 2 5
x Chapter 7
y = x2 − 7|x| + 10
Exercise 7A
1. (a) (i) 3.1, 8.1,13.1,18.1, 23.1
(ii) 10, 6.2, 2.4, −1.4, −5.2
10
(d) x = ± (e) x = ±3, ±4 (b) (i) 0,1, 4,13, 40
7
(ii) 1, 1, 19, −181, −1639
5. (a) −18 (b) 6 (c) (i) 2, 3, 6,18,108
(c) p = 3, q =17 (d) x ∈R (ii) 2,1, 12 , 12 ,1
6. (a) y (d) (i) 3, 4, 8, 9,13
(ii) −3, 3, −5, 7, −9
(e) (i) 0, 4, 8,12,16
(ii) 13,11, 9, 7, 5

x
2. (a) (i) 5, 8,11,14,17
ln 2
−1 (ii) −4.5, −3, −1.5, 0,1 5
y = ex − 2 y = −2 (b) (i) 0, 7, 26, 63,124
(ii) 5, 20, 45, 80,125
(c) (i) 3, 9, 27, 81, 243
(ii) 4, 2,1, 12 , 14
(b) (i) y
(d) (i) 1, 4, 27, 256, 3125
(ii) 1, 0, −1, 0,1
y = |ex − 2| y=2
3. (a) (i) un = un + 3 u1 = 7
1
x (ii) un un − 0 8 u1 = 1
ln 2
(b) (i) un 2un u1 = 3
(ii) un 1 5un u1 = 12

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 2. (a) (i) 33 (ii) 29
(c) (i) un = un + n + 1 u1 = 1 (b) (i) 100 (ii) 226
(ii) un = 2 (un+1 + un ) , 3. (a) an 5 + 8(n −1) (b) 50
u1 1 u2 = 2
4. 121
4. (a) (i) un 2n
5. 25
(ii) un 2n − 1
6. 17
(b) (i) un = 2n (ii) un = 5n
7. a , b = −3
(c) (i) un n2 (ii) un n3
8. (b) 456 pages
n
(d) (i) un =
n +1
Exercise 7D
2n − 1
(ii) un = n
2 1. (a) (i) 3060 (ii) 1495
5. (a) u2 = 4, u3 = 8, u4 = 16 (b) (i) 9009 (ii) 23 798
(b) (i) un = 2n−1 (c) (i) −204 (ii) 1470
(d) (i) 667.5 (ii) 14.25

Exercise 7B 2. (a) (i) 13 (ii) 32 (iii) 53

x
1. (a) (i) 27 (ii) 39 (b)
665 2
(b) (i) 120 (ii)
48 3. a , d = −8
(c) (i) 14b (ii) 19p
n
43 30 4. (a) Sn = (3n + 1) (b) 30
2. (a) (i) ∑r (ii) ∑2r 5. 559
2
2 3

7
1 5
2 6. a , d = −8
(b) (i) ∑2 r
(ii) ∑3 r
2 0 7. 55
10 19
6n − 5
(c) (i) ∑7ra (ii) ∑r b 8. un
r =2 r =0
9. θ = 20°
Exercise 7C 10. 10 300
11. 23 926
1. (a) (i) un 9 + 3 (n − 1)
(ii) un 57 + 0 2 (n − 1) Exercise 7E
(b) (i) un 12 (n − 1) 1. (a) (i) un = 6 × 2n−1
n −1
(ii) un = 12 × ⎛ ⎞
1 3
(ii) un 18 (n − 1) ⎝ 2⎠
2
(c) (i) un 1 + 3 (n − 1) n −1
⎛ 1⎞
(ii) un 9 + 10 (n − 1) (b) (i) un = 20 ×
⎝ 4⎠
(d) (i) un 4 4 (n − 1) ⎛ 1⎞
n −1

(ii) un 27 7 (n − 1) (ii) un = ⎝ 2 ⎠

(c) (i) un = ( −2)

n −1
(e) (i) un 17 + 11(n − 1)
(ii) un = 5 × ( −1)
n −1
(ii) un 32 + 10 (n − 1)

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 (d) (i) un ax n−1 1 1
(c) (i) x < (ii) x<
5 3
3 × (2 x )
n −1
(ii) un
2. (a) (i) 13 (ii) 7 (d) (i) x < 4 (ii) x < 12
(b) (i) 10 (ii) 10 4
(c) (i) 10 (ii) 8 (e) (i) x < 3 (ii) x <
5
3. (a) (i) 15 (ii) 31 (f) (i) x > 2 (ii) 1
(b) (i) 33 (ii) 17 x >
2
4. 39 366 (g) (i) 1 x 2 (ii) 0 4
5. 10 1 1
(h) (i) < x <1 (ii) x<−
6. 16 2 2
7. 2.5 or −1.82 1
(i) (i) x < 1 (ii) x<3
8. ±384 4
54
9. a = 7 or − 3.52 3. −
3
10. a ,b=4 ⎛ ⎛ −1⎞ n ⎞
11. m = 7 ⎜1− ⎝ 3 ⎠ ⎟
4. (a) 27 = ⎜ ⎟
⎜ 2 ⎟
Exercise 7F ⎜⎝ ⎟⎠

1. (a) (i) 17 089 842 (ii) 2303.4375 27

(b) S∞ =
(b) (i) 514.75 (ii) 9.487 171 2
(c) (i) 39 368 (ii) 9840 2
(d) (i) 191.953 125 or 63.984 375 5. (a) (b) 9
3
(ii) 24 414 062.5 or 16 276 041.67
1
2. (a) (i) r = 3 (ii) r = 0 2 6.
8
(b) (i) r = −6 (ii) r = −0.947 3
7. (a) x < (b) 5
375 ( n
− ) 2
3. (a) 5 (b) Sn = 8. 9
4 5
4. a 5, r = 3
2 9. (a) 1 < x < (b) 7
3
5. (a) 1 + x + x + x 2 3
10. (a) x < 0 (b) x = −3
(b) ( x 1)( x +x +x +x +x+ ) 11. (a) 3 (b) ∞

Exercise 7G Exercise 7H
27 196
1. (a) (i) (ii)
2 3 1. (a) £34.78
1 26 (b) £1194.05
(b) (i) (ii)
3 33
2. (a) $60 500
(c) (i) Divergent
(ii) Divergent (b) 22 years
25 18
(d) (i) (ii) 3. (a) 5000 × 1.063n
3 5
7 (b) $6786.35
(e) (i) Divergent (ii)
3 (c) (i) 5000 × 1.063n > 10000
2. (a) (i) x < 1 (ii) x <1 (ii) 12 years
1 1 4. (a) 10 (b) 23.7%
(b) (i) x < (ii) x<
3 10 5. (a) $265.33

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 (b) 235 months
Chapter 8
6. (a) 12 days
(b) Day 102 Exercise 8A
7. (a) 0.8192 m
1. (a) 4
(b) 15.85 m (b) 35
(c) 7
8. (b) 25000 (1 04 1)
(d) 56
(c) Year 29
2. (a) 792 x 5 y 7 (b) 11440a7b9
(c) 10c 3d 2 (d) 36a2b7
Mixed examination practice 7
(e) 15x 2 y 4
Short questions
Exercise 8B
1. 97.2
1. (a) (i) 216 (ii) 20
2. (a) 1, 5, 9
(b) (i) 560 x 3 y 4 (ii) −280 x 3 y 4
(b) 4n −3
(c) (i) −5 (ii) 78 030
3. 13th
2. (a) (i) 56 (ii) 80
4. 2
1 (b) (i)−672 (ii) −32
5. d = 0, −
4 3. (a) (i) − 80 x + 80 x 2 − 400 x 3 + 10 x 4 − x 5
6. 4.5
(ii) 729 + 1458 x + 1215x + 540 5 0x 3 +
2

7. 19 264 135x +18

4
18 x + x
5 6

⎛ a69 ⎞
8. ln ⎜ 138 ⎟ 05x 4 y + 270 x 3 y 2
(b) (i) 243x 5 405
405x
⎝b ⎠
(ii) 16c 4 32
32cc 3d 24c 2d 2
Long questions (c) (i) 8 x 6 36 x 5 54 x 4 27 x 3

1. (a) 10000 + 800n (ii) 8 x 3

60xx 2 y +150 x −1 y 2 + 125 y 3
60
(b) 10000 × 1 05n 96zz 5 + 216z 2 216z
(d) (i) 16z 8 96 216z 1 + 81z
81z −4
(c) n < 19 years (ii) 27 x 3 y 3 + 135x 3 y + 225x 3 y −11 + 125x 3 y −3

2. (a) 2n 1 (b) 6 1 2 1
4. (a) n (b) n n
2 2
(c) 64
1 3 1
3. (a) n (b) n (n + 1) (c)n 66n n2 + n
6 3
2
n (n − 1) 5. (a) 80 x y (b) −80 x 2 y 3
4
(c) +1
2
6. 720
(e) 32
7. −945x 5
500000 (1 06 1)
4. (b) 150000 × 1 06n − 8. 79 200 000
3
(c) 40 years 9. 14

10. 12

11. 9

12. 7

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Exercise 8C 3. (a) 32 + 80x + 80x2 + 40x3 + 10x4 + x5
1. (a) (i) −4 (ii) 126 (b) 32.808 040 1001
(b) (i) −5 (ii) −28 4. 243 + 162x
162 − 2484 x 2
2. (i) 15 (ii) 40 5. x8 − 8x5 + 24x2 − 32x −1 + 16x −4
3. (i) 5733 (ii) −272 6. 3 or −3
7 8 7
4. (a) (i) 3x 17 x 16 x 7. m = −8, n = −34 or m = 5, n = 31
(ii) − x +
7
x − 105x 5
6

(b) (i) 1 x 4 x 2 Long questions

(ii) 128 + 64x
64 − 96 x 2
1. (a) y
answer hint (5,6,7)
In questions 5,6 and 7 there are
algebraic tricks that make the
x
expansions much easier. −2

5. y6 y 7 + 135 y 8 y9
6. 1 −10x
10 2 45x 4 (b) x3 + 6x2 + 12x + 8
7. 1 − 20 x + 190 x 2 − 1140 x 3 (c) 8.012 006 001
8. m 3, n = 15 and m 5, n = −17 (d) x = −4
2. (a) x = −2, ⎛ 0, ⎞ , (−1,0)
1
9. n , k = 2 and n , k = −1
⎝ 16 ⎠
(b) f(x) = x5 + 5x4 + 10x3 + 10x2 + 5x + 1,
Exercise 8D
g(x) = x4 + 8x3 + 24x2 + 32x + 16
1. (a) 1 35x + 525x 2 + 4375x 3 ; 1.407
(c) (i) k = 3, a = 10 (ii) y = x − 3
(b) 64 + 576x
576 + 2160 x 2 ; 64.5782
(d)
2. (a) 81 − 540x
540 + 1350 x 2 y
(b) 80.4614 x = −2
3. (a) 128 + 2240x
2240 + 16800 x 2
(b) 130.257
−1
4. (a) 128 + 1344x
1344 + 6048 x 2
x
(b) (i) 322.28 (ii) 142.0448
(c) part (ii) Smaller value of x means higher y =x−3
order terms much smaller and therefore less
important.

Mixed examination
3. (a) 7 5 2
practice 8
⎛ n⎞
(b) ⎜ ⎟ ( 2 )
k
(d) 24
Short questions ⎝ k⎠

1. −101376 r +2
4. (c)
n r −1
2. 232 − 164 2

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