Mahmoud Mohamed Abdel Moniem

ID 128697

Electronics and Electrical Power Engineering

Exp 2 Kirchhoff’s Laws

1-Kirchhoff’s Laws

Recorded Values of resistors

R1 = 0.987 kΩ
R2 = 2.163 kΩ
R3 = 4.64 kΩ

Parallel connection KCL fig.1

V total = 4.994 V
I total = 8.44 mA
I1= 4.994/ 0.987 = 5.06mA
I2 = 4.994/2.163 = 2.3 mA
I3 = 4.994/4.64 = 1.08 mA
I total = 5.06 +2.3 + 1.08 = 8.44mA
Relation between total I and individual Currents
IT = VT (1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3)

Series connection KVL fig.2

V total = 4.99 V
I total = 0.64 mA
V1= 0.64 x 0.987 = 0.63 V
V2 = 0.64 x 2.163 = 1.38 V
V3 = 0.64 x 4.64 = 2.97 V
V total = 0.63 +1.38 + 2.97= 4.98 V
Relation between total V and individual Voltage
VT = IT (R1 + R2 + R3)

2- Current and voltage division

Voltage divider fig.1

V total = 4.99 V
V at R1 = 0.632
V at R2 = 1.388
V at R3 = 2.988

V1 = 0.987/0.987 + 2.163 + 4.64 x (4.99) = 0.63 V

V2 = 2.163/0.987 + 2.163 + 4.64 x (4.99) = 1.38 V
V3 = 4.64/0.987 + 2.163 + 4.64 x (4.99) = 2.97 V
VT= 4.98

Deducing the equation

VT= RT x V x 1/RT RT= R1 + R2+ R3

Current divider fig.2

I total = 4.97 mA
V1 = V2 = 2.491 G1 = 1/0.987 = 1.01 G2 = 1/2.163 = 0.46
I1 = 1.01/1.01+0.46 = 3.414 mA
I2 = 0.46/1.01+0.46 = 1.555 mA
IT = 4.96 mA
Deducing the equation
IT = 1/R1 +1/R2 x (IT) (1/R1-1+R2-1)

Assignment Questions
1. Percentage error in KCL = (8.44-8.44/8.44) x 100 = 0
Percentage of error in KVL = (4.99-4.98/4.99) x 100 = 0.2 %
Error in KVL might be from unstable values in the voltmeter.

2. Percentage of error in voltage divider = (4.99-4.98/4.99) x 100 = 0.2%

Percentage of error in current divider = (4.97-4.97/4.97) x 100 = 0