21 2.2 23 24 2.5 2.6 27 28 KE®AAAIO yi. 2YMMETPIKH KPYNTOPPA®HSH KAI ANOPPHTO MHNYMATON Apyés THC ovAPETPUAIS KpuTToypd~nons Kpumtoypagia Kpuatavédvon Aout kpuxtoypapiuatos Feistel Lopperprxoi ahyop por kpurtoypapnons tanpGroy Tpétuno Kpvntoypdonons Aeboévev (DES) Tpwthé DES E&chiywévo Hpdtono Kpurtoypapnans (AES) Kodtxonomrés poric ka RCS Aout Kpuntoypagnpatwv pons O akyépibnos RC4 Tpéro1 dzrtovpyiag KodiKoroteY THNLETOV MéSod0¢ ahvoworiic Kpumtoypdonone tunLétov (CBC) Méo80s avédpacne Kpumtoypagnpécoy Tonobétnan cvaxevdy xpuxtoypagnons Atavop Kis1duby Tporewépeva ovyypaypura Kar woroaeiides, Bucucot 6por, eporijoztc avacxémyons, Kat mpoPiyjnata Bactxoi dpor Eporrijoeic avaoxéananc TpoBajwara52 KE@AAAIO 2) SYMMETPIKH KPYMTOPPA@HEH KAI ANOPPHTO MHNYMATON, Oio 10 axdyeyua 0 Mungo epyatérav xéveo otov KédiKa tov Stern, Kypins ye 19 PojOeia Tor mpboparor unvoudcor xov eize avtiypéyes and tav Karamann} tm: wlacciag Nevin. O Stern trav 20ib cizoupos. Mpénes va iepe nodi Kaha dui 1a Kevepixé tov Aovéivon i pay yo. aut} THY KavanaKt}. Hrav uc pavepd dui dev evdiagépovtay yia to mé6a0 ovyva o Mungo did pace ta unvivara tove, téc0 PéPaior pray yia to mdc0 anpéafdntos sivat o KebdrKac. —Mildvrac oe nopagevorg avOpconove, Ruth Rendell Meragis tov guibv ie Kevipinic Avotpadias, xb avopas, yovaixa, xar maidi éyer éva Hood ij pd Svoua xov tov, 1 TIS, axovéeueta axd Tovg ynpatdtepons Karé ty yévvnaT 700, Kat 10 onoio «ivan yvenord udvo ova mrjpexs uonuéva uéin tHe oMddas. Avtd to dvowua dev avagéperai noré, apd udvo orc m10 onuavuKés noploticels” n avapopé tov mpoat 8 dvépes Kézoias GAns opddac ba axorehobce to oopapérepo maryua ya tis napadéacis mm gvists. Otay wadiora evapéperas to dvoja, auté yiverat udvo wiOoptord, xox vo dray /ovv rapbel 01 mo demroepsic moo x1 Oa 10 awoboooy jévo yéhy te fdrae oud das. O1 Bayeveis motebovv 61 Evac Evoc nov ywoopiter to wwotixd dvowa Kémorov Ba. & 1 db voyin va tov Kéivel va appwotijaci yonoorordveac jenjcia —To ypvas Kadi, Sit James George Frazer H ovpusrpuch Kpvatoypdonon (nov avagépetar kat ws ovuBatua KpvAtoyPtoncn, 1 KpU- RrOYPOHEY LWoTtKOd KAEBLOv, H KpuAToyps—NEN Evds EBLOV) tav o NdvOs ypnOWLo- ToIodpevos Tinos KPUATOYPUpiag APL and TY avamTVeN ME KPURTOYPsOONS SNUdGIOD khai8100 ota téhn ts SeKaerias tov 1970', Ave 1 Hopeh KpUAToypuGiac napapéver je Sio- gopé o evpitepa ypnoworoodpevos THm0< KPUATOYPAKIAC To Kepddawo Eexié we mia atid oto yeviK6 Wovtého tadixcasiag ms GvppeTpU xpontoypdgnonc. Aut 6a rac BonBijcet va Katavorsoupie to maioto juésa oto onoi0 xpN- crpomoroivrar o1 ahydpwyot, Een ovvéyera egeriCoune peig empaverois ahyprOjious KpU- mtoypdgnons: tov DES, tov tputho (triple) DES, xai tov AES, Katomy et OapLOYH tov aayopiNpov avtay 71a THY exitevén tov axoppritoD. foupe Thy & ~ THE LYMM ‘Eva cbompa ovpwetpuciig kpumtoypagnone ger névte ovotanKé (Erxova 2.1 © Apyuké ani6 xeipevo (plaintext): Axorehei to apyaxd pivuna rf ta apyrd SeBonéve nov biSovtar otov akydp0jo «ws eiaosoc, H xpurtoypagia Sqnocov Ker5i06 eprypionxe omy chedGepn Bif10ypagia to 1976. H Edv gia Aogéastuc tov H.ITLA. (NSA) topupiZerar éti my elye extvoriaet wepika zpdvia vipizepa.24 APXEE THE LYMMETPIKHE KPYMITOFPAQHEHE, 53 Mooruxé wisi ro onato norpacovran Moorish xis t0 onaio poypaovran Oaxoerohins wat mapasirrne o-uxocroidas ran o mapansinens Pe f y y » Meradidéuevo puarorpdonna e Y=EIK.X X= DIK, Apri xsipove 5 Apri xeinevo PANO NSHEO A rbpuOqos KpwaTOYpAOONS Aier6pi8n0s axoxpurroypaenens —" “geny S050 (a. DES) (cxrlorpopos rv axopiu0w xpurteypdonens) Zpsiua 2.1 Axonompévo povrddo ovuarixiig xpurtoypdonans * AdyépOp0c Kpumtoypagnons (encryption algorithm): O akyopBuos Kpuntoypionane Apayyatonoici Siépopes avtikaraotéoEtc Kon LETAaZmHATIOLOUS Oto APYIKO KeiLLEVO. © Mvotix6 K/.s16i (secret key): To pworiké khetdi SiSetaL Kat avtd wg eicoB0g otov ahy6- pio. Or axpiBets avrikatactécers Ka petaoynuaTiopoi Rov xpaypatomoLbyTH and Tov akyopiBuo Eapravear and ro Kie0di + Kpurtoypéonna, H xpuntoypagnnévo pijvopa (ciphertext): Avté siven to peracy pe TOHEVO vOHG ov Rapéyeta ag EEoS0s, Ka cEaprétat t60 and To apZKS KeiLLevo. 600 Kat ax6 to HOTIKG Khatbi. Pra Eva SedouévO apZAKs piivoA, S00 SiapopeTIKE KEK 51d Oc BquLovpyiicovv 860 StagoperiKét xpURroypagnpEVa sMVOLCTA. © Ady6pwOyos anoxpumtoypdégnens (decryption algorithm): Avté civat ovmwonKé 0 S105 0 aky6pwOins KpURTOYpMupnENS GE aVTiCtpPogH EKTéEO. Agyeta ac ciaDdo tw KpL- ROYPATLEVO LHVOUA Ka TO WaTIKE KRAIAE {Le To onoio éywe N KPUMTOYpdONAN, Ken Biver omy E080 to apyaKd WhvDUA. Yrdpyow bio axarroets ya Ty aoxpadsh ypHan mE ovuperpecis KpUAToypupiac: 1. Xpetaonaate évav wozvps ahyopi8uo xpurtoypéuonans. EmOvpovpe o adyépr6yos va sivat tétot0c Gote évas avtinahog nov tov yvopiter kat Exe1 mpdoBacn ce éva H zEpIO- s6tepa KpuaToypaHUEva UNVOxLOTE va NY pope: Va. aROKPUATOYPUEHGEI TO 4tiVULLC, obte Va KaTGASBet noIo sive To WoTIKG KALIBI. AuTH n axaiman Snhdverat ovvijbo He KOLA Mo LoZYPH HOPOr: O avtinahos mpénet va NV eivaL eaves Va aROKPUATOYPA- orfoet To prVONA H Va avaKAADYE! TO HHOTIKE KAeIBi aKOHA Ka OTHY REpintaGH MoD Eyer OMY Kutoph tov TOAAG KpuRToypagnyEVeE VOHaTG KU KaL TH aPyUKE pMVomaTA and ta onoia zpom Sav tu KpuRtoypagnpéva. 2. Amoctonéac Kai napadyints Ou mpéner va éxovv nupahdfer aveiypapd tov pwotiKod KAR5106 we AoQAAH tPINO, Kat va SlaTpObY to KALI GE aoOAAES UEpOS. AV KéMOI0C ayaxodoyer to Wei Kat yapiCer tov adydpiBpo, tote OAn 1] EmKoWavia jLe ats to ven avayveousny54 KE@AAAIO 2 / EYMMETPIKH KPYMTOTPA@HZH KAI ANOPPHTO MHNYMATON Eiver oquaveik6 va onpsioovpe dr n aaodher m¢ couperpiRiig KpUTOYPagnONe fasitera om uvatiKdmTa Tov KALEIOD, KUL Gxt om pOTIKGTHTA TOV ahydpiOHoD ZOD yonotuomoteizar. Avr onpiatver 6 Beopetta mpaxtixt adivato ver amoKpuatoypagr|TEt kaveic éva prvoue Stay éye1 om d1dBear) tov to xpumtoypaonuia xan yvopiter [6v0 tov C76pr0po KpuRtoypagnons/anoKpurtoypa@nanc Tov Ypnowororeitat. Me GAAa Roya, dev yperdterat va Kpards LvotiKd tov ayspiOuo KpUATOYPaOnaNC mpéMer va. NEVE LD GTIKO Ovo TO KEI Avré To yapaKmpiarixd yWapIoua TS CVULETpIKT|S KpuRToypagiag TY KaBtord KardkAnhn ya evpeia yphion. To yeyovds 671 0 adySpr8n0g Sev civat axapaitnto va. pet- Vet woTikée cyaivet dnt ot KataoKEDaCTéS LOPOBV va avaRTiEODY Zao’ KdoTODS vhonottiaric akyopiOuay KpuRtoypaonons. ALTE Ta ChoKANpOREVE KUKAaYATE sivat péinc StabEcter Kat evo@HATOVOVTAL GE [UeyGAO apiO}L6 poidvtov. Me ™ xpHan cULLE- Tpikhc Kpuztoypaviag, to mparapyiKd KPEPAnuia asgidderas sive n diarhpnon ms KU- otiK6TTIS TOD KAEWIOB.. Kpvatoypagia Ta xpumtoypapikd overijputa yevixd tae wopooveat ae tpete avezdpmtes Stactécetc: 1. Toy tino toy Lerronpylay nov ZPNSWOROLOdVTAL YE TO HeTaSynBATLOHS Tov apy Kot pyvonatos c= KpURTOyPapTBA. Ohor or xpUATOYpuOIKOI wySprBH0r BaoiLoveat or. S60 Baowxés apyés: mY averxatéctaan (substitution), omy onoia KdDe stoKZeio TOV ap~ jexod KeILEvov (Ynoio-bit, ypapHG, OMddes YNolOY ypaHWTOY) aveKaDiotaTEH axd Eve. tho ctorysior kat 7m HetGbeon, (transposition), oTHY OMOIa ta GtOLyEia TOD apyLKOD jmviuatog avadiarécoovtat. H acu} axaimnon sive va pn yadei Kania knpogopia, amAadh Odes o Reroupyies va civar avniatpéynuec, Te Repiocstepa cvaTHATA, Ta O- noia avacépoveat wc cvotiwata xapayoymg, KeprLapPavooy moRA ordbwa avrKaTa- Gtdceoy Kat petaféocoy. 2. Tov apin toy Kiddy nov ypHoIoRoLWbvrE. Edy téc0 0 axostohéac 60 KaL o mapakhams YPNoWOTOWY to {610 KhELi, To chor avampETE os oHNpETPIKS (symmetric), # HovadiKod KAewiod (single-key), f pworixod Khet6t0% (seeret-key), 1} ouBatueie Kpurtoypagias (conventional cryptography). Av 0 anootohéug Kut 0 Rupe dseeMs ypnomonorody Siagoperixd KheI8i, tO cHoTHM avagépeTeL os AoHLLETPO, # Bt mob Khe16108, H xpuntaypampiag SnUSaIOD K2815108 (public key). 3. Tov tpén0 pe tov onoio yiverat n enegepyacia tov apyuKod Kemévov. Evas KudIKO- momtiig tunpidtov (block cipher) enekepyacerm my eicodo avdg tunHaros otoweion m1, popé, Rapéyovtas éva TpHHG eL6dov a KANE TINA EWoddov. And Ty Gan whevpd, évag x@dxonowntig poris (stream cipher) eneepydtera ta ctoweta eo6bov pe ovvex" xpbr0, napéryovtas va crorysio cé650u m wopé KAAS RPOKPA.2.4 APXEE THE ZYMMETPIKHE KPYTITOrPAQHEHE 55 Kpvrtavéivon H dwdikucia mg apoondBeias avaxdrvyns tov apAKod Kepévov f tov Keio xpumTo- ypaepnons civar jwaoth ws xpomcavddvan (cryptanalysis). H otpamyixi nov axohovbeitat and tov KpuRtavadurh eEaprértan, and Tm OdoN Tov KPUTTOYpAgIKOH CLETHATOS KaL and TIS Wapopopies nov civat diaNEomes ce avrOV. Zroy Hivaxa 2.1 ovvoyiGovtar ot Siégopot téx01 kpuntavaduticdy emdéseov pe Béion my Roémta rAnpogopiby Tov eivat StabéomES GtoV KpumtavakuT}. To SvoKokstepo mPo- Binna napovordterar dtav to p6vo yvoatd ctorysio civat to Kpuxtoypégnua. Le Kanowes repintdceis Sey civar yards obte 0 akydp\Oyoc Kpuntoypaqnans, adhd yeveed propodue va vnoBéoovpe ti o avrinahos yvenpiCer tov adyopiOpio, Mia mOavh eniBeon Karo ax6 avté tig cvv0iKes etvar 1] mposéyyion me efaveantixt|s avakfimons Khewdidy (avacienon "oni Piac”, brute-force), omy onoia yiverat Soxust ORov tov dvvardv Kheibiov. Av to pEye80s Tov K2etd100 sive ROAD WeyGAO, Tore avr yiverar mpaKTKG avégrKTO. Exot o avtinahog npé- net va Pamiotet pdvo othy avédven tov Kpuatoypagnpévon ynvinaTOS, epappdcovras opes oranioTiKés SoKiés Ge UTS, Tw va xPNoWLoTON|GEt ave} Thy xpodéyyon, o exTIOs evoc mpérer va Efer pia. yevurt EU ya TOV THxo TOV apZAKOD |MVONATOS OD EivaL KPURTO- ypuenévo, dec to Oz civen xeiptevo ota Ayyhixé f ta TadduKé, aktehécito apycio, apysto myaiov xodixa Java, apyeio ne hopiatikés mnpowopies, .0.K. H exideon "u6vo Kpumtoypapratoc" (ciphertext-only attack) eivar y mo eOKORN omy avtmerdmion, sneidi 0 emtiPépevos éyer ot SG0ec) tov my haxom Svan rooduyta a npopopubv. Qardao, oe ROIEs REpiMTd.EIs o avahvtijs éxe epicodrepes Manpooopies. O avakunis aiven mOavd va éxe1 KaTagEpeL va UTOKAEyeL Eva 1} Repicodtepa UpyiKG EMVONATE, Ka0ig KaL Ta KpURToypagrpata tovs. Exions, eivat mOavd o avadunic va yopiter ovyKe- kpinéva. HoriBa apyiKod KeIpévon mov eugavicovtanr ce Eva pve. Fa mapdderyua, éva ap- yelo nov eivan KadiKoRoMpEvo GF Lopef Postscript Eaxwwi mavee pe tov {S10 tpoTO, aa eva TEKTPOVIKG HIVOHA petapopas KepUAGioV pmopel va vMApYe LA ApoTYROMOMpEV ERIKS Qurida H Eva AoyétvTo, K.0.k. Oho avté civan mapadetypata exiPeons yrootey apyexcoy Ln voudroy (known plaintext). Egordiapévos pe auth m von, 0 avanvrrig pmopet vor Eyer ™m Suvardmra va counEpivet 10 KAEIi Ue aon Tov TpbTO He Tov onoio Hetasynnuricerat Eva roots Keipevo. Mia didn pop} exideons, nov E61 otevi oxéon pe THY EniBeon yrootdy apyKGy jN- youdron, sivat n exideon mOaviis AéEns (probable-word attack). Eav o avtinadoc aozokeitat he my xpurtavddhvon evds unvOpatos yeveKod oKOTOD, civar KOS mBavd ver yvopicer moRd Dera mpayyata oyetiKd Ye TO TL [inopel va mepuiyet tO InvoHG. Qotéoo, av o emmbEpEVOS avatnta Kéno1e cvykeKpyLévn Anpogopia, tite Kamotd TurpaT Tov pNVOuAtOS HAOpel VE givat yroora. Fa nupadcryna, av wecadiderar éva oA6KAnpo AoytotiKé apyeto, o emmiGEpLevoS txopei va ywopiter m Aéon avyKexpyévon LéEsOv-xAeIIdY omy emKeyariba tov. Ao Tapaderypa eivar o myaiog KddiKaS KGroLOv Tpoypayipatos wlas EraIpeiac, 0 onoiog pmOpEt va nepiézer mia SifLooy avEvLATIKY SIKMLOLATAY Ge KGmOLG OVYKEKPILEVT] TpoTEMOROMpE- vn 6éon.56 KE®@AAAIO 2/ EYMMETPIKH KPYITOPA@HZH KAI ANOPPHTO MHNYMATON. Av o kpurtavahunic karapépet us KéxoIoV TpOxO va ReioEt to compa THs Mpoéhevans va eicayiryer Eva wivOHG mov éyer emdeyet and avtbv, tote iver MBavh ja exiB_EGN exvley- névov apyixob unvouatog (chosen-plaintext attack). Pevixd, av o Kpumtavauriis jkmopei va amhééet Ta pVOuatE nov Ga KpURToypaondoby, propel oxSmyIA va eMAZEet Loria Tov va amoxadintovy T Sop tov wetdwo6 . 0 Mivaxag 2.1 napadérer dbo GAAes popoas emPéceov: thy eniBeon exteynEvov Kpv- mtoypagtatos (chosen ciphertext) kat my exideon emAcypévov Kerpévon (chosen text). Av- '5 01 UéBod0r ypnoylonowobvrar ArytEpO GvyVe «ws KpURTaVaAUTIKéS TEVIKEG, HAAG mapdha cure anotehoby mBavois tpémons exideons. Movo oyenxd aBivaot ayopiOuot axotuyyavouv va. aveweteicovy ja exiBcon KpU- mroypapruatos. Tavixd, ot ody6piOnor Kpumtoypdonons eiva oyedtacpévor état Gots va avtuteroniCovy te enttvyla: iia exiBeon yvootod apyiKod KeMévoD. Tlivaxag 2.1 Toxoi emBgoeov oe xpurtoypagnnéva unvowara Tinos snidsons Eroyela yvootd otov xpumtavaiTh Kpumtoypadphatos, © AdyépiBuos Kpurtoypéenons © To xpumroypéonjat nov npéxet va aroKwStkonombei Tymorob apyrcod ‘© Aky6piOpos Kpurtoypd@nons Keqevou © To xpurtoypdnua now npénat va amoxmSuxonoOet + Eva fi eproodrepa Cebym apyrkod Kemiévou. xpuatoypanniates, apayOpeve ax6 10 {510 justiKG Kherdt Eatheypévou apyrcod + AkySpiOpos Kpurtoypa@nons ‘Ketpévou © To Kportoypagnpa now apénet va aroKxadiKorombei, @ Apyixé eiuevo, exiheypvo ond tov xpurtavaiun, yack js 10 evristoryo KpuntoypGonjla now npaxtarer a6 To uTTIKO KheAbi Endeypévou ¢ AdyoptOyos Kpurtoypaonons Kpuntoypaphwatos © To xpumtoypagnua xov apéner va. anoKwdikonombct © Eyoantouevo Kar emieynéve axd tov xpumavahvr Kpvatoypagnua, nai we To avtiotoryo axoKpuatoypagnnévo elUevo ROU RpOKOATEL Und To WWOTIKG KAEIOE Emdeytévon xewiévon _ *—_ AhyOpr®q10¢ xportoypdignons © To xpurtoypaonua nov mpénet va aroKwducono det © Apyaxé keinievo extheyuévo and tov kpomtavahurh patt ye to aytioroipe KpUmToYpanua ROW Mpowiatat ad TO UVETIKO KEL © Engaviépcve xa exiheypévo ax6 tov Kpumtayadurh, kpurvoypdonpia watt pe to avriotoryo azoKpurtaypaynyEvo Keilisvo nov apoxtarel a6 10 wOTIK6 KAEIbL24 APXEE THE EYMMETPIKHE KPYNTOFPA@HEHE 57 ‘Eva Kpvrtoypayixd cbompa Sewpettar vaohoyiotixé aopadés (computationally secure) ay to Kpurtoypéipnia to oxoio Sniovpyci tavorotel éva | Repioadrepa and ta zo- pardon Kprcipua: © To Kéoto¢ ya mY mapaBiaan tov KpuRtoypapHWaToS vxEpPaiver my azia TOV KpuATO- ypagnpévay mipowpoprd.” © O ypavog zov anarreina ya to “ondomso” tov KpuRtoypaghpaTos UrEpBaiver TY woe Daun draprera Coris tev npogopudy. H dvoxohia éyxetan omy advvapia vRokoyicwod ts mpooRéBerag mov mpérer va KaTC- PanBet 71a Thy emrugh KpuTtavdAvon Evds KpUTToypapUtos. Qotdo0, av uRoBEcoUpE x1 dev vndpyer Kéroue EVVEVA|C HaONATUCH aBvapia GcoV adySprHo, mpoteiver«n n Tpoceyyion me ekaveantnegs avatsymans KAsibudy, Kat tote civen SuvaTs va. yivouy KémoLes peadiatIKES extipijoeis eng mpoc to ZpAVO Kal TO KaTOS Ts KpURTaVEADAMC. H xposéypon seavthnrixis avadimans Kewidy (brute-force) xepvappiver Sorin Ke mOavo Kewiod NEI Vee mpOKIWEL KAmOIG. KaTaVOTTTA HETépPAGH Tov KpURTOYPAgT- naros. Karé 1800 6p aranreitan 7 Soxyn} tov ody and dha ta movie KeLdué jtEypr vO égoune emruzés anorérsoua. O Mivaxas 2.2 deizver noo0g ypovos amattettar avéhoya. pe tO Uéye00g tov xeibiod. To Kei tov 56 bit zpnoyorotsital and tov ahy6pi6y0 DES (Data Eneryption Standard), Fa xe utyeBos KAet8i08, ta axotehéopata xpoxbatouy ie Béoy TY vrd8eon ott axawteitar | js y1a KAGE KpuRtoypa—NaN, to omoio sivan pa edo TaEN pEyE Govs ya ta ciyypova ovatipata. Me tn yphon WEydhov cvampdto napdImns o ong Mikpocneéepyactay iva mBavi 7 exiterén pubudy axoKpurtoypd@nanc Tok) KahitE- png téénc. H tehevteia arin ton Hivaxa 2.2 dsigver ta aoteéqpatit evos cvaTHpatos TOU lunopei va enckepyaotei éva exatouyiipto KAEtdu ave urkpodevtepdkento (ts). Ontos pinopet- te-va deite, os avt6 to exinedo axddoan¢ o aky6pi8ji0s DES Be mopet va. Pewpnbet vmoAoyt- oruiKé aooahiis. Tlivaxag 2.2. Méaos anartodytevoc zpdvos ia ekaventunt avats}mnan Ketdi0% Méye80¢ ApiOpdc, Amartotpevoc zpdvos Anavtobpevos whevbi0b eva) aKTIKOY ye povos ya, (bit) KLOUOV A kpurtoypaqnon/ps 10° Kpurtoypagioetc/ as 32 2P = 43x10" 2 us = 35,8 Rent. 2,15 ms 56 2% =7,2x10" 2° ys = 1142 ypovia, 10,01 ape 128 28 = 3,4x10" 27 us = 5,4x10" ypovia 5,4x10" ypovin 168 2S = 3,710" 2) as = 5,910" ypovia 5,910" ypovia 26 yapaxthpes 26! = 4x10 210 us = 64x10" ypovia. 6,4*10° ypovia, {uera0eon)58 KE®@AAAIO 2 | EYMMETPIKH KPYNTOPPA@HEH KAI ATOPPHTO MHNYMATON Aoi Kpurtoypagiag Feistel Ot neptosdtepor couuerpiKo’ ahyéptOpor KpURtoypapNONs TuMpATOV Sxovv m Sop ROD ze prypdonxe morta and tov Horst Feistel ms IBM to 1973 [FEIS73] kor xapovodgerar omy Eixova 2.2. Ot eicodor ya tov akydprj0 Kpvatoypdenons sivar éva TurWa apAKOD KeWtEvoD he piykog 2w bit Kon éva KAet5t K. To tuNWO tov apyaKod KeyssVou Staipsitat ce S60 iow Tp} hata, Lp Kat Ry. Ta 560 aura tuhqata aepvoty ax6 n yopovs enckepyaciag kar om Guvés owvSvdtovea ya Thy zapayery} Tov TNLUTOS TOV KPURtOyPUpRHATOC, KABE yOpos ensEsp- yasias (Biya) 1 déyerar wc e1Gdd0vg ta L, , xt R, ,, Ta OMOIG APOsPyoveat aNd Tov mPON- yoopevo yipo, Kats exiong Kat éva vaoKheldi K, to oxoio nupéyetat und to KALI K. Pevie KG, ta vnoKhetdid K, iva dtapoperixé té00 Hetakb tovs 660 Kat we to K, Kau mapéryovtoL and 10 xe15i pe évav ahyépOpio xapayeryis vroKAeIidy (subkey generation algorithm). ‘Odor o1 popor enc£epyaciag Exouv mY ida Son}. Eto aptateps [148 tov SeBopévev yi- Veta Kénota avtKaréotaon. Avt> mpcypatoroicitan pe epapHoyA} mas ovvdpryays yipov (round function) F oto e416 10d tav Sebouévay Kat om awvézeta HE GovSvaT|6s TS cE6- Sov mE Govapmans Kat Tov aptotepod jro0d tov Sedopévov [We Tov teheaTh aRoK}sIoTIKA}|S Sudcevkye (exclusive OR, ¥ XOR). H ovvaprnon yopov éet my fre yevorh uopor oe Kae ‘Yopo, aid xapayecponoveitar and to vmoxderdi K, Kd0E yOpov. Meré and avn} my aveuKa- réotacn extersirar jue ueTaBeon, TOV anoteAcirar and Thy evaAhayh tov 360 Wodv tov tunnatos SedouEvov. H axpifig vaonoinan tov dxrbov Feistel eLaprérat and tis exthoyés tov mapaKtitw na- papétpov Kon ozsdtacuIKGY yapaKTHpIaTIKGY © Méye00g tampate (block size): Ooo weyaditepa sivar ta peyéOn tov tNLATOY ToGo angavern n ao@di.era (av 6ho1 01 éAAo nupsyovtes Rupausivony otaBepoi), Suing [etd vera n tazbtHta KodiKoRoinans Kat axoKwdrKoToinons, Eva péyeHog TWATOC foo je 64 bit diver pa edAoyN ioppomia, Kat iver oZEdOV KUBOALKH EXV.OYH GTO ByEdiaGH aA- yopiByeov Kpurtoypéupnons THREAT. © Méye00g K?.216106 (key size): Meyakitepo Syebo¢ xheiiob ompaiver weyakorepy a opdhetn, oMAG tnopet va werdor mY tax iTHTA KMBIKOTOIaNS Ka axoKMdiKOMOiNGNS To m10 covnPiopEvo péyE00s KAEWIOB atOVs GHyZpovoVs akyOpIOLOVs sive ta 128 bit © Api0n6¢ yopwy (number of rounds): H ovaia ms kpuntoypdonans Feistel eiva det ovo évas yipos npooyéper avenapK acpdhera «Ad ot rod’ yHpor mpoaipépovv avénpévn) agoGheru. O tumKés api8nds yopov sivat 16. * Akyépwnog xapayeyiic umoxhsrduby (subkey generation algorithm): H peyadsrepn TOMUMOKSTTA «¢ APOS mVTdy tov ahydpiLo odyEi GE weyEhItEp SvoKohia oTV kpoatavéaven, * Evvdpryen yopou (round function): Kat nau, weyaXbtepn mokvmhoxémta oypaiver ws~ yairepy avOexcixornte omy Kpuntavévan.21 APXEE THE EYMMETPIKHE KPYTITOPAGHEHE: 59 sccinevo (2m bit) Kpumrorp ipaq (2 bit) Enxéva 2.2. KAaoixd dixtvo Feistel. Yadpyovv exions dbo axdpa Cytwara ato axsbiacys jac Kpurtoypaprxiic Sonic Feistel:60 KE®@AAAIO 2/ ZYMMETPIKH KPYNTOFPA@HEH KAI ANOPPHTO MHNYMATON. * Tayeia Kpurtoypagnowanoxpuntoypaynon pis doyiemiKod (fast software eneryption/decryption): Ze mokhég aepurtdoerg 1 Kpurtoypagnan éyer evowparalei oe epappoyés 1 BonennKés cvaprijoeic pe této.oy tpono ote va anoxkeierat n vdoMoin- on mg oF vkuK6 (hardware), Karé ovvénsta, 1 tagimyta extélscns tov adyopiOyov axo- tehei onuaveux Syma. * Evxodia avédvong (ease of analysis): Av kat Ou emOvpovooue va Kévoupe tov ohy PBS Has o0 70 Svatdy mo SicKOLO oTHY KpURTAVéAGN, UMBpZeL éva onLaVTIKS mcovexh Ua oto Va KEVOULE Tov ady/dpiOpo cdKOLO THY avévon. AV Evas aXy6prBH0S nope va egnynPet cdKoha Kat we api tpPSro, eivar evKoAdtepo vu avadvoet ya mY copeon KpuatavekunKdy evnabedy Kat Eto va avartuyAet Eva vYMASTEpO exinedo a codes ws npos my avBextiKéTHTé tov. Tia mapddcryHa, y Asttoupyix6enta tov DES H azoxpuatoypdonon us éva cbompa Feistel sivar omy ovaia 1 iS1a we TY Kpuato- ypaynon. O Kavovas nov axonovdeitat eivar o eéf[s: Xpnowonoince to xpumtoypagnpa o¢ eioodo ya tov aySpI0uo, Suas yonGWoRoINGE Ta vROKAAIEG K, we Thy avtiotpogn GeIpé Me dAa dSyta, xpnoponoinse to KAEII K,, otov ApdTo ywpo, To K,, , Gt SevTEPO, K.0.K., Kat to K, ovov teeveaio, Avr sivat éva iBlaitepa emOvinyes gapaxrnprstins, eneiby| Exou dev eiva aaapaimnto va vioMoLooDpE dbo diapopetiKois akySpiByous — Evay yla THY KPU- xtoypéugnjon Kat évav ya TY aROKpuAtoypaonoN, XYMMETPIKOI AAT OPIO) ae OI NKOSI Wee Or mo dadedopévor aky6pBpor cvpperpretig xpuatoypagnons eivar ot KodixoMOUTTES TN pica (block ciphers). O xodwonomnis tHnudétov enekepydternn my eioodo tov apxiKod xeygvov oe tumyaTa otabepod peyd0ove, Kar mapayer Eve TUAMLA KpURTOYPAGABETOS ZOD 2781 foo péyeBos ps to avtiotorzo apyaKd tua, Avth n evOrqta eomdCer otOUs TpEIs OTA VTIKOTEPOS GAyEpLOLONS KPURTOYPGONONs TUNWEtwV: tov aXyépI0o Data Encryption Standard (DES), tov ahy6p0yo tpizhod DES (DES), xat tov akydpr6yo Advanced Eneryption Standard (AES). E11 ovvéyeia. 84 coupe Kan wa GdvTORN CbvoWN ya KaéROIOUS GIoug InLopvdeis cAySpr8povs ovpETPUa}s KpUMTOYPAGias Tpéturo kpuztoypaonons Sedopévov (DES) To mo dradeboxéve doThpa Kpurtoypé@nanc BasiCerat oto Mpétux0 xpurtoypéonon dopéveov (Data Encryption Standard, DES), 10 oxoio wioerOnKe to 1977 and to EAviK6 Tv- otitotito Mpotiaay kat Tezvohonidy tov H.ILA. (NIST), nov tte ovonaCéray EOvuch Yam- pesia Mporézav (National Bureau of Standards), ag Onoorovéiaxé Hpéruno Exetepyacias22. EYMMETPIKO! AATOPIOMO! KPYMTOFPA@HEHE TMHMATON: 61 Tanpogopiay 46 (FIPS PUB 46). O aky6pi8y0c nov epappdomKe oro Gbormpa avts ovoud- Geta Data Encryption Algorithm (DEA), Teprypagy tov axyopi®pov To apzixd xeipievo Eyer piyRos 64 bit Kat to weld Eyer pe xoc 56 bit’ xeieva we péyed0s peyurdtepo aad 64 bit voiotavea exeLepyacia oe TymWaCA tov 64 bit. H bon} tov adyopi0pov DES anoteei wa yixpr xapakAayh tov &ixrbov Feistel Tov gaiverat omy Erxéva 2.2. Yadpyowv dexazet yipor excéepyaciac, Ard to apyxé wedi tov 56 bit Squopyobvrat dexadt vroKheWdté, Kadéva and ta onoia ypnoonoreitan ce Evav ‘Yopo (A KdxAO). H dwodixaoia axoxpuatoypdgnons ue to DES eivat ovoaotixc iSta pe exeivn tg KpU- aroypdononc. O Kavvac Tov axohovBeitar eivar o ees: Xpnowonoince to Kpurtoypéonja 06 eigodo 1a tov ahy6pIOLO, SKS ypnowonoince ta vOKAEIBIA K, Us avtiotpopn cepa. Avté onpaive 61 to KAei6i_K,, xpéret va ypnowonomAci om APaM ExaviAnyn, to Kis om debrepn, Kat to K, omy Séxarn én Kat tehevtaia exaveanyn, Hox¢ tov DES 01 avnovzies ya mY 197) tov adyopi®uov euzintowy ce bio xaTmyopi &: avnovyiec oxetixé je tov i510 Tov ahyopwyo, Kor aynougies oyETIKG BE TH yHoN tov K2215108 tov 56 bit. H mpdrm avnovyia avagéperar omy mOavdmmra va eiven SuvaTH 1 Kpv- RravéAven tov akyopidiov pe aktonoinon tov yapuKtpictiKdy tov adyopi9ov DES. Me To Répuca tav ypovev vmMIpEaV duxpopes ApocAADerEs Ya shpsoy Kat aéionoinan advva- iuav tov adyopiBpov, KaMotévtac tov DES tov extevéctepa jehernuévo akyépr8po xpv- Troypdonons nov umdpye.. Mapa tig nohvép pies npoondberes, Kaveic Héypr thpa Bev Eyer avaxaiyer Kéxowg onpovtixt advvapia otov aky6p0u0 DES*, Mia peyadsrepn avnouyia etvar to unos tov KReWiod, Me pi}ko¢ KAelbLOb 56 bit vmdp- yoo 2° mOava KAetbid, SnAadh xepinov 7,2 x 101°. Me Baon até, pia exideon e€avtann- Kfig avacimons KhewSidv paiverar va civar apaxnixé avépixm, Ay vnoBécoue drt Kata [AE 90 Spo zpénet va cheyABobv ta LOG KEI, Eva UROLONIGTIKS obompA nov extehei pio Kpurtoypaonan ave pxpodevtepéento Oa yperalérav nepicodtepa and zikia ypovia ‘no va “ondcer” to Kpuntoypdonua (Seite tov Tlivaxa 2.2). Qorés0, 11 vnBeON 1a. pia Kpoxroypaenon ava yuxpodEvtepdAsato civar vmepPohixd covmprtixi). O akyopwuog DES arodeizinxe teixd kat opLoTIKG avac@adi}s tov TovAi0 tov 1998, 6tav to Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) avaxoivase $n kattoepe va ontioet Eva Kpvatoypiionjia tov DES ypnoworordvtas pia eidixH] cuaKenm pe 6vopa “DES cracker”, onoia Kdotice Aryétepa ax6 250.000 Soddpra. H exiDeon xpémoe AryStepo and tperc spec To EFF avaxoivace ina Aextonepy xeprypayh tov cvoTHpatos, Bivoveas oe dhovg ™m Sve TOMta va PTIGEOWY avriotorZES voKevEs [EFFIS]. Kar gvaiKé. o1 tHLés tov varKod Oa oDvE- * H opokoyia mpoxanet diyn odyyvon. Méypt xpdcgara 01 bpor DES kat DEA wnopoboav va zpnayioxom- Sowv evaiAacsoueva. Aotdco, n mo Apdcoamn Exdoon tov eyypdgov DES aeprhaufléver sua zpodraypaoh ‘tt tov airépijio DEA try onola meprypdgovue 686, xubkis xai ja tov adyoptojio rpin.0b DEA (3DES) ov aeprypagEraA om owvEyein. Kan o1 So anotéhoiy tf tov TIporbaov KpUTTOYpionoNs SeBouEven. Exurhéov, yor mv xpdogam vioGEMoy ToD axioniov Spov 3DES, 0 akySpr0i0g tpixhod DEA avagepotay tumwsé ng tpiaid DES xot ypagotay SDES. Ta héyous evodiag, cusic Ba yomoyorowwijuc tov 6po 3DES. * Tounéynorov, kaveis Sev get evnepoost Sudo yu wa étO1n avaxdavyn.62 KE@AAAIO 2/ SYMMETPIKH KPYITOPPA@HEH KAI ANOPPHTO MHNYMATON. xitowy va négrowy do0 ane averar n tapitmta, Kathotdveas tov akyépiO0 DES ovoraotind. aypnaro. Eivar onpavaxd va ompetdooupe ont of jun exiOeon avatimons KAewdtom undpyouy me plocdtepa Oéuata ané THY andi eEavTANGN dLov tov maven KheIIOV. AV dev Eival Yost) TO apAAKd KeiLievo, o avakutfc Oa apéner va eiva ce BEon vel avayvapicer to apyIKO KeiLEVO 5 UpYLKS KeipEvO. AV to juvupE eivar éva aMAS Keipevo ota AyyIKG Tate to anotéLespa elvar apxeré cdxoho omy ebayat, av Katy avayvapwon tov Ayyhxdy 8a mpéner va yivetou avtépara, Av dus to nvona Keyevou Eyer copmEote! pw amd TY KpUMToYP@NEN, 1, avayvapion civar mo SboKo2n. Kat ay to jriivona eivar Sedopéva mo yevxyis HopoAs. 6s Eva apiOunrixd apyeto to onoio ézer ovpmetet, tote eivar axdpat mo SdoKoho va. Eemepa- otoby ta poPAijuara. Ero, pia va couninpalei mpootyyian eLaveknnintic avacimonc KAaiStGv, anarteitan Kémo1n emmbéov yvean «s Mpos TO TPOTSOKAnEVO apYIKO KeipEVO, KA Otg Kar Kaxo10 péoo avrdpatov Siaxopropod apyikod KeEvov and StactpePAapévo Keije- vo. H mpootyyton tov EFF eteréCer avt6 to Cita kau mpoteiver Kémores avtonatonomnpe- ves texviKés, o omoies Oa Hitay amodotiKés oF apKeTé Eidn| MepLExonévov. “Eva tehevtaio onpicio: Av n Lévy poppy emiGeons mov yxopei va yiver oe évay uky6pr8H0 Kpurtoypagnong eivar n eave avadimen KeWiOy, THTE Oo TOROS avrWeTéMONs TE To1ow emOéceoy civar xpopaviic: Xpnowonorijote peyaditepa Khesid. Tia va cypmEpavoupe Kénona ororzsia aysTIKé. Le To JAAKOS KAeISIOv OV anartefeen, as ypHaILoroNjaovpLe to aaT™- ha tov EFF os don ya tos vtohoyipove pas. To EFF cracker Hitav éva mpertérymo, Kon Lmopode va vnoBEsovpe Stt Ls TH oNHEpI Tezvohoyia Eva taYStEPO obama Hu ATALY OTKO- vouikd. Av uno0ésoupe oui eval téro10 ooTHUE umopel va exTehEoEL Eva EKUTOLWDPIO KPURTO- ‘ypapforic avd pixpobevrepohento, zou eivar xan o pubjios o omoins zpnowoxowettin otov TIt- vuKt. 2.2, Tote 71a To ondoWo Evds KdSIKU Tov DES 64 yperdovtav nepinov SéKa dpec. AUTO onotehei mia emtdyuvon Kavé nepinov 7 oe obyKpION Le To axoté.eopa tov EFF. Xpyoyo- mordivtas autéy 10 puBud, omy Eixdva 2.3 pxoposue va dove nda05 zpsvos Ba ypeLaCStav ya 10 axdaio evs akyopiOLoy mapspoioy Tiron jie tov DES ag avvpman tov ju}Kovs tov khetStod. Pa mapdderys, ynet éva Keri tov 128 bit, to oxoio eivar cuMOiapEvo ta Tons oy- ypovove akyéprOuovg, Oa xperéLovrav nepioodtepa and 10"° ypdvia ya to Gao EVE KB Ka pe to compa tov EFF. Axduo Kat av Katagépvaye va emtayovouue to cbaThpa cts Ko- 14 éva cuvteheoty evdc tpiceKatoppnpion (10), Ba amartovvtay Kot ADA Eva eKxaTOpppIO pia. a. To ondowo TOV KGBIKG. Eror éva KEI pr}KOUs 128 bit eivar BEBuL0 6n1 odnyei Ge Evav ahy6pibyo mov civar ampoaPAntos and eniBeon eEaveacucris avacimons Kediov. Tpini.6 DES To TpzAé DES (Triple DES, 3DES) apotunoronjyke to 1985, apyxd ya ypijon oe epap- poyés orKovopikos yapaxiipa, ye to xpacuzo ANSI X9.17. To 3DES evooparadnKe oto Tipécoao Kpuxtoypépnans Aedopévev (DES) to 1999 pe m Snpoaisven FIPS PUB 46-3.2.2 EYMMETPIKOI AATOPIOMO! KPYMTOTPA@HEHE TMHMATON 63 Exéva 2.3 104 5 10!5| 5056 100 128 150 168 200 Mrjxos xiz15106 (bit) Xpovog zov anatteitar ya to “omdoyio” evdg KdsKA (av vRODésovUE 10! AROKPURTOYPAMHGEIC/j1SEC). To 3DES ypnowonorel rpia xeidé Kat tpeis extedéoeis tov ad.yopidjion DES. H owvip- TON akorovde’ mia Siadwacia xpumtoypdononc-axoKpatoypdonons-Kpurtoypm@nane (cnerypt-decrypt-encrypt, EDE) xu gaiverar omy Euxéva 2.40: nov C=E(Ks. D(Ko, E(Ki, P))) C = xpumtoypénpa P = appixé xeiyevo Ex{X] = xpotoypéonon tov X we yprion tov xhew5106 K DgL[¥] = anoxpntoypaenan tov ¥ ne xpijon tov Khesio0 K64 KE@AAAIO 2/ EYMMETPIKH KPYNITOFPA@HZH KAI ATOPPHTO MHNYMATON Ky Ky K3 —e--Gagia—- (@) Kpurtoypégnen K3 Ky Ki 65" gip—> (B) Anoxpurroypagqan Euxova 2.4 0 ahy6pwpos Tputhov DES. H anoxpurtoypagnon sivar amic n ida Keroupyia. ue ta avtiorpooa Kiatdua (Etxova 2.48): P=D(K,,E(K,,D(K3,C))) Acv vmdpyzi Kapia Kpurtoypagucy onovdaidmta at yon MS anoKpuRtoypdonanc ‘pia to Sebzepo atédIo TE KpUATOYPAOHaNs IDES. To ovo mheovexmNd me ivan Ou. em- Tpéner atous yphatec tov 3DES va axoKpurtoypagoby dedouéva ta onoia eizav KpumTOypA- nei ue tov noaidtepo aySpi0uo axhod DES C=E(K,,D(K,, E(K,,P))) = ELK, P] Me ta tpia Sagoperika KAeIbid, to IDES Eyer mparypatixd péyeBos Kerio 168 bit. To FIPS 46-3 exrpénet eniong m yprion dv0 Khetbibv, we K, =K,° avtd eaopariCer niKos xAew5tod 112 bit. To FIPS 46-3 nepihap Paver nis axédov0ec odnyies ya tov ahy6pr0}10 3DES: © O3DES civat o copjerpixde adySpiOuos Kpoztoypdgnans nov eyKpivera ax6 to FIPS. © © apyixds adySpr8pog DES, 0 onoiog ypnowonorei wedi 56 bit, emmpéretan and to pétoxo |l6vo ce xoAaWdtepa cvotijiara. Ta véa ovor|jara Ba xpéxei va uRoo™piCoy 10 3DES, © Oc xofepyntixo! opyaviopoi te mamidtepa cvothpata DES evdappivovrat va petoBoov oro 3DES. © Bivat avaevopevo 611 0 3DES xa o AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) 0a cvvundip- OVV HS SYKEKPYLEVOL aRySpIOLO! and to FIPS, emtpénovtas ja Rpoodevteh peréflaoy tov akyépi0 AES. Eivan edxoko va dtamotdce xaveis 61 0 3DES elvan évag efmiperiKdg aypwj0s. E- Eeutlag tov yeyovétos Sui o ahySpbuos TOV xnooRoLita orHY ZpayyaTKOTHTA eivaL o DEA, 0 3DES zapovaidter ty tia avtiotaon oTHY xpumtavéd.von jie tov DEA. Emahéov,22 = LYMMETPIKO! AATOPIOMO! KPYMTOrPA®HEHE TMHMATON: 65 He pnixog KAetdiod 168 bit 1 emtuzia tov emOsceon eLavtdntURic avacimonc KheSidv eivar ovoutotixé adivarn, Tedixé 0 AES mpoopitera va avaxatuotice tov 3DES, Sums avr n diadixacia Oa StapKécar nokha ypovia. To NIST apoodoxé x1 0 3DES Ba mapapetver évac eyeKpipévoc ady6ppos (na Kvpepyntten ZpF|an ATI H.ILA) oro mpooeyés wédhov. EEeitypévo mpétomo Kpuatoypégnons (AES) 0 adyopiOyo 3DES diabéter dbo ctoysia nov StacpariCovy mY Evpeta ypijon ToD ta ExdytE- va xpévia. IIp@tov, Ue to HiIKOS KAetd1oo 168 bit Eonepva dhes 11s advvapics tov DEA wc mpos tig emPEcerg Eavedntint avacimans Kheidibv. Asbtspov, o mpayterttkds adyopiOp0 Kpurtoypagnong ov xpnoitonowetrar oto 3DES sivat o ‘810s nov vadpyet Kor tov DEA. O akydpOpoc aurds Efe vote tov mo eEovypiotixd ée/Y0 aad onoLovomoTE dAAaV ctkyo- piduo edd Kat jeydho ypovixd Biome, yopls va PpeBel Katia arodorue wé0d0s xpvaTa- véduone extés and my skavedntixi avaciitnon Ketubv. Katé ovvénena, vaapyer jteydn BeBaismra dri o 3DES sivar x02 avOsxtixés ory KpurtavdAvon. Av 1 aowaheta fray 70 hovadixd apopAnja, tite o IDES Oa axotehovce Ty mo KatAANAN emthoyh mpotTomoMOM- névov akyopiuov xpuatoypdgnans ye Tis omdpeves Sexaert To Bucixé wetovéxmua tov 3DES sivin 6c sive oyeriKG apyoc ce VhomoLioEg hoytopt- Kob. O apyixds adyépi6pos DEA efye oxsdiactei yia vhonorjosic vhikon ata péco ty SeKa- eriag tov °70, Kat mAéov Sev diver anodoniKd KATIKG AoyIoLIKOD. O aXy6pi0"0¢ 3DES, xov oNsiLoroIE! tpndAcwo apBus yOpwv, eivar avadsyag mo apyds, ‘Eve Sebtepo perovexTmu sivat étt kat o DEA kat o 3DES ypnowoxowoby néyebog tphyatos 64 bit. Fa héyous andso- ome kat aadhetac Oa Hrav emOvunts va Ezovpie weyakotepo wéyeB0g Tphato<, Egariag avtdy tov pistovermmpétav, o 3DES dey pxopei va Seopndei KaxGRANAos 7a paxpozpévia ypion. Pia my avtiKkardorac tov, ro NIST e&é50ce 10 1997 apdcxdnon ya mpotécers evic eehynévou mporiov Kpvatoypdonons (Advanced Encryption Standard, AES), to omoio Oa énpere va rpoopéper ion H eyaddtepn ao@ddea us tov 3DES we onc ved Bedtunuévy axdd0on, Exupdotera ws mpog avtés tis yevinés amarticetc, to NIST Ka- Odpice du to AES 6a npéret va eivar évas ovppETpIKeS OAySpLO[os KPLATOYPdONONS TUNE TOV He HéyED0¢ turHaTos 128 bit kn vRooTHPLEN Yue peyéln KAEtLdv 128, 192, Kar 256 bit. Ta xpitiipa a&oddynans nepUaupavay my acede.a, ty vRORONSTHRH aosorKOT|TA, TC amot}oets pviuNs, THY KaTaAANLOMEA Tov VAAKOD KaL TOV AYLOHIKOD, KUL THY EvEAICta, Zrov aparo KiKho awrSynane éyivav dextés 15 mportioerc adyopiGuwy. Evas debtep0s Kbx.0g Lei@oe tov apiOus tovg Ge zévte, To NIST odoKhiipmoe m Siadwwacice awdoynone kan dnptooicvae éva tedaxd mpoturo (FIPS PUB 197) to Noéfpio tov 2001. To NIST en: Gg mpotewopevo ady6pWHo AES tov ady6pGuo Rijndael. Or S50 epevntés nov avéentv- wv xan va PadAay toy aydp8u0 Rijndael yia to xpotomo AES civat 30 Kpurtoypdpor and to Bédyto: ot Ap. Joan Daemen xen Ap. Vincent Rijmen, Heprypagy tov adyopiipov 0 AES ypnsyporoiei psyeb0s efqtaros 128 bit Ka yiKos K2z15106 Tov jinopei va siven 128, 192, ¥ 256 bit. Zev neprypagy aveiig ms evontag Ba. v-66 KE®@AAAIO 2 | EYMMETPIKH KPYNTOFPA@HEH KAI ANOPPHTO MHNYMATON rodéooupe piiKos KAcIS100 128 bit, to onoio waDAov Ba eivar Kat to Mo Gvgve xpHEWLoROLd- evo [kos KAcib108 ants VLoROMcEIC. H Bixova 2.5 deigver m avvoriny) Sopf tov adyopi®yion AES. H cigodos otouc ukyépi8- ove KpuRTOypMuNIONS Kon aroKpuRTOypdnans sive Eva THA tov 128 bit. Exo FIPS PUB 197 avté to rua ameikoviCeron as évag terpdyavos mivaxas,and byte. Avté to tpjia ave yptiyerar otoy mivaKa KatdeTaans (slate array), 0 onoios HETapédAEtm oF KtDE Pru TE xpomtoypdignons # ts aoKpurtoypaenans. Mevé to teAevtato crd610 0 mivaKas autds avT- ypawera ce évay mivake e&660v. Me tov {510 tpéro, 10 WeIdi tov 128 bit axeroviterat wc évas terpéryovos nivaxac a6 byte. Avté 10 Khetdi om ouvéyeta. avarticcetot oe évav mivaKa RéGeov oxedion Weidubv (key schedule words): KGBe Négn axotehetean and tésospa byte Kat tO owvolard axfd10 weibubv é7er éyeB0g oupaves teootipov AéEeov ya Eva KAeI6t 128 bit. H raéwvéumon tov byte jiéoa otov xivaxa yiverar avd oni, “Eto, ya xapédaryia, to mpérca récoepa byte evs apyrkod xeyévov tov 128 bit, zov axotéhsi Ty eicodo tov cvaTi|LaToS xporroypdonons, KorahauBivooy my apo atin tov rivoxe in, a exdpeva téoospa byte KataAayBavouy tm Sabtepy OTH, K.0.k, Ouotos, ta téscepa apdta byte tov enextapévov ‘AaIb.00, tu onoia anoteAoby pla MEN, KaTaAaUBavooy my apdrn THAN Tov rivaKA W. Ta endpeve ox6hia ds divony ja KuAStepN siKOva Y1a tov aySpiByo AES: 1. Eva agwonpcioto otoyeio avriis ms Soynig civat 6x1 Bev axorehet Sop Feistel. @vun- Geite 6x1 omy Khacuet Son} Feistel to p66 axd to qyHhya BeSopevey ypnowororcivar ya va petatpéyet to GAO 106 tuys SeSouEvav, Kai ory cvvézeta ta dbo pod evaR- Aaocoveat. O AES Sev ypnoiororet oun} Feistel, aAA& exskepyaCerar napddanna on6- KAnpo To TuhILa SeBouévav Karh m™ SidpKeIa KANE Ypov, yno\LooLdveas avrIKata- ordigeic Kot petddeon. 2. To Khet5i nov Siverat ws eloodos enexcetvetat o¢ évav mivaxa ax6 capavea téocepis HE cig tov 32 bit, zov wl]. Téoaepic SiapopeniKés AéEeIs (128 bit) zonowioowdvear wc KAciBi-YOpov 7a KABE ipo. 3. Xpnoworowivran téscepa SiapoperKé oréd1a — Ever otéd10 eraVeons Ku Tpia ots d1a avriKxaréotaons: * Avrixatéotaon byte (substitute bytes): Xpnoyiomoieiza évac mivaxas, xov ava~ pépetat wg S-box", date va extehectel pia byte pos byte avtiKatéotasy tov TH patos, © Meratémon ypappoy (shift rows): Mi andi werdBeon nov extehettor ypoupi Tmpos ypapipt. © Avéqién ormoy (mix columns): Mut avexariotacn, 1 onoia evadhdacer KaOe byte me omfiins @s cvvapman dhav tov byte ms onins. © Hpoo®iKn KAcii06 yopov (add round key): Mua ad pan XOR bit xpos bit Tov TpELOVTOS TUM patos He Eva KOPpETI TOV ExEXtapLEvOD KEIO. * 0 opos S-box, # out avaixatéotaone (substitution box), zpnoyonorcita cupées omy zEprYpUGH| TOV ujpetpredy cvornpidrey Kpumtoypanans, Ki avagépera ETOV ivaku mov yprjewloxouetean ya avecyen- on croryeiov xivaxa and to ungavious avtikuréotacns22 ZYMMETPIKO! AATOPIOMO! KPYTITOFPADHEHE TMHMATON 67 Apraxé eijevo Kisii Aprxé xeipevo Tpietroera ee [eee a Tnicben nat se x ec amare | [isammewent] Gree rem] & EaeTnie te: SSRI STaeS 5 TSAR 1a Popog1 Avaxtreye Tis orice Tipsaece vo Wiest Tipo 9 [Avrunarderys va byte (eet © [Avancreye ng orfiay Pirentrors erorPe Tipoatocs to KIsOT 1 w136, 39] Tipbadecs vo what : = ye [Merarimoe ric ypannés] ierarémaz avriatpopa] i 1 vs) fs Kpurroypégnnc KpunroypGonna (@) Kpuxroypaqnay (B) Azoxpuaroypaqnen, Euxéva 2.5. H xpurtoypdonon katy axoxpurtoypéonon ovov ahyopiuo AES. 4. H Soph efvon apKeré ath. Kat ya my xpvatoypdonan OLA Kat ya MY aNOKpUATO- yprignon to KpURTOYpAOLKS GHoTHLA EexIa ax6 TO GTAdIO RpoadiiKNs tov KREISIOD y5- pov, akohovBodyevo ard evvéu dAAous yopous KUPévas and TOUS oOIOVE Repléxel Kat Ta téooepa orddia, xa téhog axokoubet évac déxurtog YOpOs tpLaV GtUBIaY. Zmy Erxova. 2.6 anerxovicerar 1 Sot eves nAipaus yopov KpuRToYpa—enans,68 KE@AAAIO 2 | EYMMETPIKH KPYNTOPPA®HEH KAI ATIOPPHTO MHNYMATON 5. Mévo 20 ariidto “Mpoathikng KXetd106 yopov” zomoyionorei to Ketdi, Fa to cKORd av- rév 1, Kpomtoypdonon EsKiG Kat teheldvel ue Eva tétOI otb10. Kabe Ghho ctddwo ro soapudcerat stm apy H to téAoc eivar aytotpeyipO Zopis yvean tov KReABIOD, wa é- tot dev Ba mpdaVere KaVAov acodnzLd. 6. To orédio mpoadijxne KAeW5iob yHpov dev Oa size onHASla and u6vo tov. Ta vAdLowE rpia orddta tporomotoby ta bit, akhé jrdver tove dev Oa xapetyary Kapia ucodAeL eneIdy} Bev yonotororowy to Katdi. Mropodpe ta dope to odmMpA ws evarhacodueves het roupyies Kpomtoypi@nons ev6s THHWaTOs je Tov teheaT! XOR (don zpooBr}xns tov xheibiod yopov), akohovBoopEves ard pia tpomonoinan tov TuNjaTos (01 dAAGS TpeIS odcaic), axohovdovpeves and ia xpumtoypaencn pe tov tekeoT XOR, .0.k. Aut 1 Sou siven Kat anoboTIKh, adAG Kon iaitepa aogarc, 7. Kale crédito civen eoKoka avtiotpéytpo. Pa ta otddia avrKaréctucns tov byte, peta TémGyE TOV YPALHOY, KaL avadVéTAeNS TOV GTMPAGY ypNGWoROWitaA wa avriotpo~N avvapman stov ahyopwuo axoxpurtoypagnons. Tam gacn, xpocdrjxns tov KeLd1od Yopov 1 aveiotpoph extruyyavetar He epappoyt} tov TekcotH XOR eragy tov i1ov KAe15108 yOpov Kat ToD THABUTOS, LE ypHIEN ms Gxéons A @ A @ B=B. 8. Ono op Baiver ue ta nepioadtepa cvathpura KpuAToypdenons, 0 a.yopByog axoKpU- Rroypagnons YPRSWLoTOLe to enEKTETaLEVO KAEIBI He avTEcTPANLLEVY ceIpG. Qordo0, 0 adyopiOyos aroxpuntoypdonenc dev sivar axpBdc i6t0¢ pe eKEivoy THs KpURToypaOn- one, Avté anotehsi owvéreia ths auykeKpievnc Somris tov adyopi®uov AES. 9, Av anodeiZoupe Ont Kat ta técoepa otddia eivar avTOTpEyIUG, sive EdKOAO Va. enOAN- Bebsoupe deci n axoKpYATOYPEONAN dvtmc avaKTE tO apLIK6 Keijevo. Exny Exxova 2.5 ouivovrat ot dtadikacies KpURTOYONaNE Kut aToKpUTTOYPAgHONS va KaTEVBHvovTEL oe avtiderec Kacaxdpopes KatevOOvartc, Le xe opiCovio onpeto (ya mapéSeryua, orm, StaxcKoupErn Yau TAY eIKOva), 1 KaTdeTUEH (state) eivat n {Sue ya THY KpUAtO- ypdoncn kau na Ty axoKpurtoypéoncn. 10. O rehixds ‘pOpog mE KpUATOYPdMNANS KUL TS aToKpUATOYPGonoNs axoTEAEiEAL OVO and tpia orddta. Kou add, ont ivan ovvéreia ts ovyKeKpILEvng Souuic tov a.yopi0- nov AES Kor anmtsizen ét Gore va eivan To GHoTHUA avtIoTPEYULO. Ceri COITO) Ta) Ot kodixoxomrés tuncreoy enckepyaCovean Eva TpIHA otoycioy TH Gopa, xapéyoveas éva (stream cipher) ene£epyato- True e26800 ja ADE THUG e1Gdd0v. Ox KewdiKoMONTES poris vrat ta atoysia a1cddov cvvexas, napayovras atv EEodo Eva otorzsio m gopa Kas mpO- yopobv, Av Kat ot KOSIKOTOMTTES THNHETOV efvar TOAD Io GoNOiaLEVOL, UREPYODV EOUPLO- éc dxon ot KidxxoTOMTEC por}s fvat mo KaTaMPor ary covézsra Oxt Bobpe Stépopa upA- detynata. Le ava my Evora. 8a Sovye toy —édRov— m0 Suadsdopevo cypperprxd Kod KoromTh porig, Tov akyépi8jio RC4. Oa Eexwijcoupis HE jet EmoKOmOn THE Soils TV Ke- Sion pole, Kau Kara Oat eEericovuis tov adydp0po RCS.69 KOAIKONOIHTEE POHE KAIRC4 23 ‘SUV holubpdtorund Soda Q 9° BAO TMT [—) uomopny, orgy soEry 2029095] lonop204 Squitindé shaupwoay Uomopiny Sgrttinds ao wo. 1y, honopany CL eihbubienueenee fr NOEL 1 uons0y.0y70 KE@AAAIO 2 / EYMMETPIKH KPYMTOFPA@HEH KAI ATIOPPHTO MHNYMATON Aopt KodiKozomTey porc Ot cvynBionEvor KwdikonoIntés polis KpuAToypagody ta byte Tov apyiKod KeyLEvoD, éva Ka- Ge Gopd, GAAG poposv va AeItovpyobv Ka ce eninedo bit 4 oe povdbec ueyaitepes tov byte. H Eixéva 2.7 defgver éva avrizpoowmenrixd dtéeypappa, Souris ya Evay KoStxonoMT} poms, Le auth m Soni éxoupe sua yevyitpia yerdormyaiay bit, n onoia Sézetar ws zisodo Eva ket Kat mapéryet uta por and apwOpods Ln\Kove 8 bit ot onoior patvovtar cay tuxaion. H yevdoruzaia por civ exeivn nov dev yivetm va zpopheodet yopis oon tov Kr«610 ZOD yonoipozorjOnke omV sicodo, xen sivat paivouEViKG Tuxaiov yapaKThpa. H 050s ms yev- vifrpiac avtiic, rov ovowdcerat pow Kistdiby (keystream), ovvdvéCera xara Eva byte ™m opa [Le ™ Por TOV apyIKOD KEYEvoD, HE ZpH}ON THs *PAENS Ms anoKheroruers SudCevEnc (exclusive OR, XOR). Tia xapdBeryya, av to byte mov mupéyer yewepia sivar to 01101100 Kat t0 exdpevo byte tov apyrxod KeysEvon eivat to 11001100, tote to anoréheoua ts KwbiKOMOINONS Ba. ivan: 11001100 OPXLKO KETHEVO ® 01101100 por KAEL1av 10100000 xpunttoyedpnna H axoKodixoxoinan zonoyioxoxei my tia yevsorvyaia dradiKkaoia: 10100000 xpumtoypsipnuo ® 01101100 por KAeiStdv 11011000 GoXLXd KEL Bevo Kinst Kanai Exva 2.7 Avéypaupa Kodixonointh pois2.3 KOAIKONOIHTEE POHE KAI RC4 7 O Kwdrxonomms pots eivat napopotog pe To epanag ovEAAApopa (one-time pad). H Buagopa éycertat oto yeyovds but Gt UEF080 TOV EOE cvurAnpdpatos yonoPoROLEKTaL ja mpayperKd Twxaia axohovbia apBudy, Ev cto oxoKWdtKonoMTH pors Goth eivar yevdoruzaia. Ero xeievo [KUMA97] avagépovea ta efiig ontaverxé oxediaotnd GyOHo~ 1a ya TOUs KdIKOROTES Porc: * 1. H dwadixacia mg xpurtoypéionons Oa xpénet va éyet psy nepiodo. H yewiirpia yeo- Bormzaioy apOusy mapéyer wa vretepuIotUh aKoALovGia a6 bit, 1 onoia ba apyiceL xénoia ory} va emavehauPaveran. Ooo peyadsitepo elven to wks TM aKoLovBiac, 1600 SvoxohOrtepn yivetat 1] kpuATaVEAVGN, 2. H poi kswbudy 6a apéxet ve. apoasyyicer doo to Svvardy repicadtepo Tis wuTATES NIA mpaynarixé tuxaiac aKohovBiac apiOudv. Tia xapéderypa, to xajBos tev ‘0° Kat To msiflos tov “1” Ba mpérer va. sivan nepinov fou. Av 7, por Ba ZMOIPOROIEKTaL wc aKOROV- Bia. and byte, 8a zpénet va snpavicovrat Kar 01256 mBavoi cuvdvachoi TIdV, Us 6G0 70 dovarév Kaiten 1ooKaTaVvo,A UETAEd tovg, Ooo ato Twyaia outvovtar ta napanéve, 7600 mo Tvzai0 Ba aiverat Kor to KpYATOYpaONHA, He UxotEhEopE va yivera SvoKOLO- ‘ep 1] Kpumtavéuon. 3. Emy Erxéva 2.7 oaiveron 6c n &od0¢ me yewritpras yevdorwzaioy apBudy puOwigerca and ey TIM TOD KAeId106 oTHY sicodo, Pia va vRdpYeI TpocTacia svivtia Gris emBéce1s eEavtantixts avatiyrnong KAEWGiGv, to pAKOS To KAEIIOb Oa mpérer va sivar apKETd ueyGdo, Kar £56 roxbovv ta {1a mpéynata xov ioxhovv xa pla TOVs KUdIKOROIN|TES Tunpétov. Me dda hoya, we TY tpExovou reyvoRoyia, KAAS eivat Ta KAeIBLE va. EZOUV EnjKog tovAdyiotoy 128 bit. Me jue cooté oxediacpérn yewitpia wersorzaio apWjdv, o Kodikonomtis poris tunopei va eivar e£icon asoadsis te évay KOSIKOROI}TH TUNHATOY pe aveiotorya WeyEho KLE 8i. To xupidtepo mieovéxtmpa tov KodtKoTOInTOY poris Eivon Sut sivan oZEB6v métvea TeNLh POI Kat ynoWoROLObY MOMs LIKPSrEpO KAdIKU. ad tov; KadiKOMOINTES TuNLéTOV. To Rapa~ Seryna avtrs ts evorntuc, 0 akydpiByos RC4, propel va vdomorndet we OAD Aiyes ypapnés ndbuca, O Tivaxug 2.3 xepréyer otorysia ané to éyypago [RESCO1], kat ovyepivet 10 ypovo extéheong tov RC4 pe tpers ywonortods cvpperpiKods KwdtkonomNtés TuNLéTOV. To move KTM}G Toy KodikonomTay TuNLATav eivar Sui pnopoby va. enavaypnowonorosy ta. ‘Bia KEL Bud. AV dns 860 apyiKé Keiuieva KpoxtoypagnBoby Le TO {S10 KAeISi aK6 TOV {B10 KOSIKO- momti pons, tte 1 KpuRtavédne ever cova 102s amtki [DAWS96]. Av eoapudcoupe Thy apaén XOR (anoxhaotixh StiCevsn) ce So Kpuetoypagnpéves poss, to anorédequat eivat n mpéén XOR epapyoopéyn ota S00 apyaKd Kelueva. AV aut elvan anh6 Kei.evo, a- prOpoi motoTKaY Kaptdy, 1 GA Sebopéva yvwotod Tinov, téte 1 KPUMTavEAVON wmopEi vor eivan emirvyis. Tia egappoyés nov axartoby Kpurtoypagnon/anoxpumtoypagnan oe par Sebopévov, Gnug oe Kavédia emxowoviac H cuvdécers gudAOLErP|TAY Totod (web browsers), o1 KOdL- Konomrés porg anotchoiy WéhAov Ty Kakitepn exoym. Tia epapyoyés mov Exouv va voov is theta (block) deBoyévar — Snag petapopé apzsiav, NreKtpovikd tayvBpolicio,72 KE@AAAIO 2 / EYMMETPIKH KPYNTOTPAGHZH KAI ANOPPHTO MHNYMATON 01 K@diKonOMNTEs TENHETOV efven mo KATAAANAOL THévtaC Kat ot linoposy va ypnowonomBov ce onoradfinote epapHoym. O adyopWpoc RC4 O RC4 civar vag xwdtxomomnis porig xov oxedidomKe to 1987 and tov Ron Ri RSA Security. O adyépr8uos antdg zonomonorei pecaPAnrd ji}Kog KREIBIOG Ka OA £5 tov mpayjiatonooivea at exinedo byte. O akyépiOp0c Pasierat om zprjon juss Tuyaias petaQecne (permutation). H avaédvan deigver Sct n nepiodoc tov adySpiBuon iver oysd6v BéBono Ort civar usyai.btepn and 10‘ [ROBS9Sa]. Anartoovta amd 8 éms 16 evtodés unza- iis na Kae byte 226800, Exar o KedixonoMntHig cvtdg Oat eiven ROR ypHYOPOS KaL Ec hove ouixd. O RC4 ypnoworowitar ota ovoripata SSL/TLS (Secure Sockets Layer/Transport Layer Security) nov ypnoworowbvrar ya emxowovia Léow tov HayKdoqtov ots. Xpyor- poowirat exiong oto mpwtoxohho WEP (Wireless Equivalent Protocol) xaos Kat oto WPA (WiFi Protected Access), ta onoia eivat tuiLata tov mpotoxov acdppatov tomKay SuKTOwV IEEE 802.11. O RC4 napépewve eyizopixé jroorixd mg RSA Security ézpr Ka to Eextéuppwo tov 1994, ondte Kar SuosteHOnKe avérvynia ato Adixtio, amy avévoRN TaLvdpoLUKr Ae ota Cypherpunks. O adydpOpog RC4 eivar efaperrxd amddg xen juopei var ekyymOet nods sbxoha. Eva KALI51 pe piIKOS aNd 1 bag 256 byte (8-2048 bit) zonowororeirar ya va ddoe apyrcés Es ce éva biévuoua S, pe otoryeia S[0], S[L], ..., S[255]. Ave mica otryyn to S nepézer pia hetdQeon Ghov tov Sumtov aprpdv, ax6 10 0 ws to 255. Fa xpurtoypépnon Kat anoKpv- moypagnon mapéyerat ie CvaTHLATIKE tpoxo éva byte K ax6 ta 255 ctoyeia tov S (Seite ayy Exxéve 2.7). Kade popé nov aapéyeran jua tysi f, yiveran ex véou wetaeon toy oro qeiay tov S An6d00n apLKGY THLGY oto S Pia va Eckwijoooute, ot TEs tov § tiBevtan foes we TIS muds and 0 60g 255, ce adgovou cers Sndady S[0]=0, S[I]=1, .... $[255] =255. An- Hwovpyeitat enions éva spocapwo durvvopa T. Av to pxiKoC Tov KheIdiov K siven 256 byte, tote tw K petapépera oto T. AdMuds, av to Kei ée1 ufiKog keylen (os byte), ta xpdra oroyyeia prixoug keylen tov T avtrypagovtat and to K, Kou petd 10 K enavohapBavera does wopés ypeierat yi va. yeqioet to T. Avté Ta apyrKé Biota Reprypagovta cwvoRTIKA UE tov sec tpé0: Hivaxag 2.3 Loyxpion tayimmtag ovnperpiKoy KodtKooMTaY oe Pentium II. Kebucas Mijxoc Kizi6100 Tagitnta (Mbps) DES 56 9 3DES 168 3 RC2 perapannd 09 RCS peraBines 452.3 KOAIKOMOIHTES POHE KAI RC4 73 /* Boxixég tipég */ for i = 0 to 255 do Karéaw ypnoyionowbpe to T ya vo maperyéyoune my apyuct peraBeon tov S. Avr onjiaiver 6x1 Oa Eskwijoovpe and to S[0] xan Oa pravonyc ws to $[255], Kat xdBe SLi] Oo o- vrerarofil pic éva ddAo byte tov S cbppaVE YE to Gx|La ROD vEOBELKViE: To TI] /* Apxixt petéBeon tov § */ 1-0; for i = 0 to 255 do G= + + TLi]) mod Swap (S il): ln § Eneidi} 1 HOvn mpGEN oto S ivan y avtyeréAecn (swap), To HOvo anoréLeopa efven ju HeviBcon (permutation), To S eaKohovdei va neméxer doug tov apiBuods ax6 to 0 wo to 255 Tapayerh pois Agod do80bv apyxés tylés oto dtévvoua S, dev ypryowionorelrar G20 to KeIdi e1sddov, H Syitovpyia ms poris yiverat we KUKIAKO nEpaGHA ard Aa Ta croryeia S[i], kat yia xd0e croryeio Sli] extedeirnn avtmerdBeor tov Ue éva dAdo byte TOV S cippava ue To opp nov opitet n tp&xovar Suewéryan tov S, Mdtc n avachtmon ordcer oto S[255]. Eavagexiva and to S[0}: /* Anpioupyla pots */ i, 4-0 while (true) i = (i + 1) mod 256, j= (+ S[i]) moa 256; Swap (S{i], S(J]); t = (S{i] + S(}]) moa 256; k = S[tl; Tia Kpuxtoypégnon extehove aroxherorny SéCevgy (KOR) mE tuts k Kat TOV Emd- Hevou byte tov apyrKod Kepévov. Tia anoxpuntoypéepnon sxtehoope unoxheroruch SaCeven tg tyLHg k Kat tov exdpevan byte tov KpuatoypagnuEvor KELEvoD. H Royuxt, tov akyopiOwov RC4 napovardterat omy Exxova 2.8, H ie zc tov akyopi®pou RC4 Ynapyouy noddés Sqyooishoeis av avadbovy je8650v5 sxideon¢ otov adyépibuo RC4 (émwg [KNUD98], [MIST98], [FLUHO0], [MANTO1], {PUDO02}, [PAUL3], [PAUL04]). Kayia and avtés tig peD6doue dev sive mpaxtixt svaveia crov RC4 ray xonooToIe xh! pe EShoyO N|KoS, ya napGSeryua 128 bit. H Snootenon [FLUHO!] avagéper éva mo coaps xpaprnua. Or ovyypageis éeav Sti to mpwtoKOR.O74 KE@AAAIO 2 / EYMMETPIKH KPYTITOTPA®HZH KAI ATIOPPHTO MHNYMATON WEP (nov oyedidomxe na. va xapéyer aogéaia ota aodpyara tomKé Sixrva 802.11) eivar evihoto oe éva cuyceKpyévo tino exideons. To mpoPhnpc Sev éer var xtivet pe TOV ito TOV ayopi8yo RC4, akhé je tov tpdno [e Tov onoto mupityovtat ta KREIde E16580v. Avtd to mps- Banyo oaiverar oti Sev vvdéeran ps Meg epuppoyés tov RC4, Kat pzopei va SiopSAet oto aparéxoxho WEP ue airy tov tpdnov diavoutis tov watBudv. To spsPAqua avTd Seigver emions m Svaxohia nov uaépyer oro Gyed1AGH6 evds aawaovs GvETALATOs to onOiO TeptLaL- aver xen KpumtoypaoiKés Rertoupyies Kat mpwToKoAAa Rov TIC yoRTLOTOLODY. px! TPOTIO! AEITOYPTIAL Ki Cee wee Evag copuerpikos Kadixonomtig tumLétwv enckepydceran éva tua Sebopévav mm oop. Emy repixtwon tov akyopi8uev DES xa IDES. to péye0og tow KG0e turpatoc etvon 64 bit. Tia peyadbrepa apyeia apyxos xeyiévon, sivar axapaimnto va Siacmactei to apyAKd Keijievo Ge Thiwota tov 64 bit (We coUAA|pOG Tov TEXcUTAIOD THfATOs, av ypeLdcera Kd Téro10). O mo axh6g tpén0s ya va mpoyophce Kaveis siven avTs TOV ovoHGLEraL KatotaEN Aer- ovpyiac WextpoviKod PiPkiov KedtKdv (electronic codebook mode, ECB mode), cbygava he Ty onoia n exe€epyacia tov apyrkod Kewévon yivetat oe TphpaTa Tov 64 bit Kat KADE Tuna apyKod xeqEvov xpvmtoypageitar je To {S10 KAstBi. O Spos fiflio xwdiKedy (codebook) yonowororsizn ensidn, 14 KéBe Sedopévo Kelbi, undpyet eva HovaBIKO KpuRTO~ ypdonua via éva Tpfpa 64 bit tov apyKod Keyévon. Fux to AOyo avt6v uRopet Kaveis va oavractet éva pyavtiaio PiBkio Kmdixéy oto onofo wadipyet Uta KaTAZOpION ya KABE mIBaVh ope apyixod Keevov tev 64 bit, 1 onoia Seizvet to avtictorZo KpuAToypagnHA. Me Ty katéotucn Pertoupyias ECB, av to id1o Tura apyiKo Kewévou tev 64 bit op.- oamotet xepicobrepes and pia opés of éva ynvoHa Oa nupdyer névea to {B10 Kpumtoypa- nna. Karé owvéneua, ora usyéha pmvonara n Lettoupyia ECB pmopet va pny iver aoga- injg. Av 0 unvone aiven evompa Sopnpévo, fous Kémo.s KpUTTavaMs va Eyer Tm SvvaT6~ ‘ata val experadAsvtel avtés TIC KaVOVIKTHTES MoV UAGpODV om Sout. Ma Rapaderyya, av eivert 7vooT6 Ott TO pfvORE Ecxive RéVvTE je GUYKEKPYEVE TPOKABOPIGHEVa TeBIA, TOTE O kpuntavakvai puropet va éyet Kémoua yvootd Cevydpia apyrxod Kewévon Kar KpUATOYPApH- hatog, Av to piyupa éyet exavohapPavoneva atorysia pe pa mepiodo exavidnyns ToAAa- mhiota tov 64 bit, t6te cued ta ctorzsia uxopoby va avayvopictoby axb Tov avaduTi. Avtd hixopei va BonPrix: omy avéikvon 7 prope’ Va mpoowéper THY EvKapia averKatéctacT< A ayadiéraéns tov tnpatov. Tia my avrmerémon avtéy tov edeiyeov aopddeas mg Katéotaons Aetroupyias ECB, anatteitar Kimo texvixt| ue TY OMo{a to {10 TWA apyrKod KeILévo Oa napéyeL BiaqoperiKé TLALATA KPLATOYPEMH|UTOS Ge TEpintHGN oD enavahapPverar. Ee ovtt} THY evomnta Oa eketécovpe 800 covnbiouéves evadLaxtixéc Suvatémtes mov opitovtat oto FIPS PUB 8124 — TPOFO! AEITOYPTIAE KQAIKONOIHTAN TMHMATON: '253)254]255) A Axil Kariorasn, tov § Kat ~~ swap (B) Apyaxds ovvsvaopés tou S Bl .-. eee <—eeylen a te slolil2|afa Euxéva 2.8 RC4 7576 KE®@AAAIO 2 | EYMMETPIKH KPYNTOPPAOHEH KAI ATOPPHTO MHNYMATON: Mébo050g akuardentiis Kpurtoypaenans tHNLéTaV (CBC) Xm Us0d8o aavowuriig KpuRtoypagnons tnLdtwv (cipher block chaining mode, CBC, Et- K6va 2.9) 1 eigod05 tov adyopiBuon civa to axorédesua me mpaEng XOR tov tpéovtos TUfwaTOS EpAKOD KEWLEVOD Kat TOD APONYOoLEVOD THATS KpUAtoypaghpatos. Tra KADE TUNA ypnowonouita 10 io xdewdi, Ovowatixd ézovpe ovvdécer my exeCepyacia pac axohovdiag THNLEtOV apyKOS KeyLEvoD. H siodos ot svvdpT|EN KpURToYpdonONs a KADs TULA apyAKO) KemEvoD dev éyer oTABEPA oYLoT LE TO THF apyIKOd KEILEVOD. Ect Sev extiavean ce Kivauvo enavodapavopeves Soués tev 64 bit. Emmy aroxpurtoypaonan KdVe tia KpURToypapiwaros nepva axd tov ahySpwOpo a- moxpurtoypagnons. Eto anotéheopa cooppsCoure anoxheworny SraCevén (KOR) pe to MponyOOREVO THLE KPURTOYPATLATOS, NE VU REPOVLE TO THF} Tov apzIKOD KeMEvou. Tra va doope ms Sovrever avr, pmopodpe ve ypayouue C, =Ex(C.. OP) nov Ex LX]eivar n xpuztoypagnen tov apyxod Keyiévov X we ypijon tov Kretdiod K, xan 10 @ eivat 10 cbpBoho tov teheoth anoKheworinys SudCevéns (KOR). Tore DlC\= DelEx (C4 SP) DIC J=(C4 OP) C4 ® D(C, C400. OR =F to roto exanOever my Erxova 2.98. Tra my napayeyf tov npdrton tpfyaT0¢ xpumtoypacprwatos BapHsCeaL aTOKAaoTUCH Bui Zevin evds Siavdoparos epyrxdv csv (initialization vector, IV) ya jue to xpdto thjL apyrKOH xeyiévov. Karé my axoxpumtoypdégnon to dutvooua IV epappdcera otov tekeor XOR ps my E080 tov akyopiuov axoKpuRToypaONONS, Hote va avaxTHOet 10 mpATO TEApA TOU apYKOD KeWévov. To dtevwope IV apéner va. elven ywnot6 1600 atov anosto.én, doo Ken otoV apadsyren. Tia héyotn aspa2e10, to Siévvopa IV Ou npéner va mpootareberat Gms Kat to xe, Avté Oa jin0- povoe va emrevylei we anooTohf tov dtavdopatos IV pe Kpurtoypd~pnon ECB. Evac déyos ct “my mpootucia tov diuvOowaros IV civan o eéfc: Av KémoINg avtindros Kacpéper var eEamTATHGEL Tov xapadirey Gate va ypnoyionoryast jie Siapoperc} TIL ya. 70 Suiwoayia LV, 6te o aveina Rog 8a pwopet va avricrpéyer ta emheysiéva bit aRoKWVTIG TO APGTO TRH apzAKod KeYLévoD. Tuava yiver mo avednaré ants, oxegreite ta mapa: C= Ex (IV@R) R=W@D«(C)2.4 — TPOMO! AEITOYPFIAE KQAIKONOIHTON TMHMATON 7 Xpévos=1 Xpav w 4 fy ig <—afkoumorpaonen) °° * t q ce (@) Kpurroypdonan, Gq GQ &k—plAcoxpurwrpioncn| kp Azoxpuaroxpagnen)* * w—> ? G Pp (B) Anoxpurzoypaenon Erxbva 2.9 MéSod0s advoidaric xpomtoypa—nang tunLarov. Tapa ypnoworonjore tm onpcioypaoia ott to XL] Sndo X-Téte 1 to bit j mg Ayes mocorHTUS ALA= ILS Dy (CUI Em ovvézeia, yonowmonowdvras tis wuttEs tow reheat XOR, pnopodue va Roope Ott AL] =I ®@ D(C 6x00 10 Gip,Bodo tov TvoU (') SyLOvet cypRAAPap bit. AvtS onjaiver Ott, av évac extE1BE- hovoc pinopei va adAdLet we mpoPréyipo tpdx0 ta bit tov diavvowatos LV, uoposy va. adAti- Eowv ta avrictorya bit ms Aa Pavousyys ts Tov F. H pé0o80g CBC yonoytozoreizar evpéing oe epappoyés aoodrcias, dxug Ga SovWe oto SebtepO LEpos tov PiPRiov.78 KE@AAAIO 2 / EYMMETPIKH KPYTITOTPADHZH KAI ATOPPHTO MHNYMATON Mé060¢ avédpaong Kpuntoypagnpatoy Mnopei kavel va petaxpéyer onotovéijnote KoSiKoMON|T} TLNéTaV Ge KMBiKOMONTH Pots ypNpororGvrac m pé0oSo avéspacns xpwatoypagnpdto (cipher feedback mode, CFB). O KodikomoMtiis por eEaAsiget my avéryn cvuRMPOGNS Tov UNVOLAToS tot ote va. yopite- Tat oe axépato apOn6 tynLatav. Mropei exions va Rettovpyet oe mpayyanKs ypdvo. Etot, av netadidercn ina por yepaKTApav, o KBE xopaKTAPUS jAOpE! Va KpUNTOYPaKE!THL KaI va pea diSerar dpeou pe ypr|aN Evo KodiKOMON|T poris ToD civat TpocavaTOMopEvos GE ypaKTHpES. Mio emOvynri idmrTa a tovs KodiKoRoUtés ports civar Sti to Kpumtoypagnpa Aa. é- yet i610 péyeBos Le To apyiK6 Keipevo. “Eto1, av petadidovran yapaxtpec tov 8 bit, kde ya- paxtipuc mpéxet va xpumtoypagnfel pe 8 bit. Av zpnaioromBowy nepicadtepa and 8 bit, yiveran onaréhn ms xoPHTIKoMTUS TOD dvETipaToS HETdSOoNS, H Evxdva 2.10 xapovordter 11 Sopi CFB. Emy etxva vroridera én. n woviida exxo- pune Get prixog s bit” pi covnPiopévn Tp ivan s = 8. Omag Kan He tH E0050 CBC, ot Ho- vades tov apyAKod KeyLévon avvsovtmL advarduré HeTAED TOvs, érot Hote to KpuRToyPAoN- Jia onotavéijrote Hovddav apyAKOd KeIpEvon va eivar GuvapTnGN Ghov TOV UpAIKOD KEYLEVOU nov éyet zponyneet. Ac etetdooune Katapyfy Ty Kpuntoypdpnon. H eicoSog ms cvvdpmons Kputoypé- onong efvar évas KatayapnTiis OMiodnoNG Tov 64 bit nov xaipver apyREC TINES WE KéTOLO dravvopa apyxdy tyxdv (initialization vector, TV). Ta s aptatepétepa (Smdadi tas 10 on hayrikd) ynota ms c&65on ms covdpmans Kpumtoypsgnans cvvvdovtat He aTOKAEGTICH diaCengy pe TY apdry poviida apyKod Keyévow P, éror Hote va napayOei n APA povada Kpuxtoypaghuatoc C,, 1 onoia om ovvézeta exnéuneta. Emxpoodera, ta mepiexoeva tov Kazazoprn ohiodnans ohalkrivouy xpos tat apiotepé KaTG s, Katto C, toroBercita ota s SefrStepa (Ken Axyotapo oTaTIKG) Noi Tov KataxopnT. Avti n diadiKacia cuveyiCerar pézpLva KpumToypagndody dhec ot povédes apyiKod Keyévod. Emv axoxpuatoypaonon zmoyorowirar 1 ia Sop, pe tT Suapopé du to Kpumtoypa- QNLG nov apAARGeNKE ovvévétera pe amoxherotiKi SidCevén we THY éEo50 ts gvvaptn- ng Kpumtoypaynjons mpoxewevov va mupayOei n povada tov apyrcod Kemévov. Enpierdote 601 ctvan n covaprysn xpoatoypdwnans at Tov ypno\oToLsKtaL, KaL Gxt 1 CoVapTON axO- xpuntoypagnons. Avté umopsi va cEnynOei evxoha. Ac opicovpe to $,(X) ws tas mo on- pavricd ynoia tov X. Tére FS (EUV) ‘Ero P=C,89,(EUY)) H i8ta emyerpnuatodoyia tober kot yo. ta exdpeva Piwata THs Stadia79 TPOMO! AEITOYPTIAE KOAIKONOIHTON TMHMATON. 24 Wy ig $ 311 awapriudnddoauads Suondgnan SogogaW OT'z MA Lstibpdioaxadnoxy (g) lowopdionsndy (0) 280 KE@AAAIO 2/ EYMMETPIKH KPYITTOTPA@HEH KAI ATOPPHTO MHNYMATON KPYNTOPPA®HEHE H mio toxopn, Kon tawtdzpova mo cuvnOiGHEVN, NéBoboc avTETGMans axcLdY omY Eo—é- dara Suerbov elvan m KpuATOyPaonon. Dia va epappscovpE KPyAToYpmNEN, RpémEr Ya ano~ oacicoupe tt Oa Kpurtoypaoroovpe Kut nod Ga tonoHerBek o LnZavIoNds KpURToyPdONONS. Yrapyouv 50 Bucixés evadLaxuxés Jaboric: 1 Kpurtoypagnan cwvSéspon (link encryption) Kai 1) KpURtoypa~pr}ON aX6 dxpo GE Gxpo (end-to-end encryption). Emy Exkova 2.11 mapov- cuaCovton avis o1 evaddaxrixée Svvaromtes 98 YpH}on oe éva SixTVo HeTayUh|s RaKETeN. Me Thy Kpurtoypdgnan cuvdécuon ( xpumToypdgnen Gebsns) Kab evxaBe MAR! KowaviaKds cbvéespioc eomaiCerar ps pia. cvaxevh KpuRToypagnens Kat ota So AKpa tov. ‘Brot diacwaaiLoveat disc ot HETUddcEIS oF avTés TI THLEMKoWoVIaKEs CabEsIG. AV kat ota cya Sixroa vrs axaitei ZOAAES cVOKELE. KpURTOYpAINaNE, Rpoapéper exions vyT).6 exinodo aopadaas, Eva pe1ovextnpa avtiis mE mpooeyyion¢ eivat dt. to RaKéto xpéner va onoxpurtoypageira xdBe ops ov eiospyeta oz Eva weTHYwYEN maxéteov (packet switch) avr eivar anupairnro exeidt o petayoyéac mpéner va. Stapdset tm Steb0vven (apiOps exKovi- Kod KvKAOpUTOG, Virtual circuit number) omy KepaMdBa tov maKéTOD APOKEULEVOD va. To Bpo- Hodoyijoet. Exot to xjvopa sivar evaadés oe Shove tous wetayaryeis. AV avtd ivan éva y- Loo dixTWo pETayaryiic maKXéto, 0 ypHoTNE bev éyet KavEvay éheyyo wg mpos TY ao~pérere tov xoupov perayoytis aaKitoy ()= seen srermindonmnss TON = Klip sb Etxéva 2.11 Kpunroypépnon karé prixog evds Suctoou wetayanyyic maxézoy.2.6 AIANOMH KAEIAION 81 Me my xpurtoypdonon and dxpo oe dxpo 1 dtudtkaoia exreheita ota compara TOV dbo axpov. O unodoyicnic vmnpeciag (host), # to tepHaTIKs, KpUAToyPaosi ta SodonévE omy mpoéevon, Em ouvéyen ta SeSopéve peradiSoveat xopic tpoomorfsers Eso Tov S- KTHOD Ge KPURTOYPUMNHEéN HOPOH, Le KatesOuVEn toy vmoAOyIGT UANpEdiug H to TepHarI- K6 Zpoopisyos. O xpooptoyss, xov poipéetat Us My xpoéhevon Eva KoWWS KREIBL, LeOpel Va axoxpuntoypagnoet ta Sedopéva, Avni n dtadixacia paivera va SiacpahiCe my pEré5oon and em@éoeig orig emkowuwaxés Ledgers H oTOVS LeTayery onusio. Ocopiiote my aKdiov0n Katéotaan: Evag x6 Pos ovvdéerar pe éva dikTVO HETayaryTS aaxétow X.25, eycaPiotd eve exxovixd KOKA[G ple KAROLOV GAAOV KOUBO, KL EtOIRECeTOL VO Tov etaddoat ta Sedonsve ypnowWonodvtas xpurtoypa—non and GKPO cE GKpo. Ee eve zérolo dixtvo ta SsSojLével jstadidoveat ie Tm LOPoH RaKétov, ta onoia axorehobvrat and bio Keponiba Kar Kénoun Ss50péva ypiorn, Mow tpjWata tov xaKétov Ba KpuAToypagHice! o K6uBos; Ag vROBEsoULE Ot KPUTTOYpAgE: OAGKANPO TO RaKETO, cOUREPIAGUPavONEVIE Kat amg Kepahibus, Avt6 dev Ga hettoupyrice eneidh, dnas Oa Ovudats, U6vO 0 GidLos KOUBos Haopei va extehéoa my axoKpurtoypdonon, Or xouBor petayarhs RaKétav tov Suxriov Oa mupadéBovv to xpuxtoypapnpévo naxéto Kat dev Ba URopoby va Siafécowy my KcoUAiBa. ‘Exot bev 8a propody va Spouchoyijsowy to xuKéto. 'Etot to cULRépacus etvean StL o Koupo: Oc mpénet va KpuRtoyparoe Sve to tpi Sedonévav ypA}oT™ axb to RaKETO, aofvovtas THY Keganida dmac sivat état ate va jiRopel va StaBactei and to Bixtvo. “Ero, dtav ypnoworoteitm n Kpuatoypdonon axé axpo ce dxpo, ta 3eSoxéva tov ypr- om given aspAAH. Aat6a0 to HoTIBo mE KivnONe dev civat aapArEc, agOd o1 KEpAAISES TOV naxétov petadisovra "as éyouv". Mia thy enitevén ueyakvtepns aopdsiac anatteitar 1 TaVtSypovn KPURTOYPAONGN GUVSésHOD xe KpUATOYpagna and éxpo az KPO, éxas gai zou omy Etxéva 2.11. Tia va avaxepakadoouite, Stay ypnowionoobvea Kat ta 30 utd oyuaTa, 0 vxORO- yatic vmpesius Kpumtoypagei to tf Sedopévov yphjory tov maxétov YnoILoROLavEUS Eva. K2e18i KpurToypdgnonc and AKpo oe Akpo. To cuvoAIK6 maKéro Kpuatoypageitar cm ovvéyeta us éva. KAeISi Kpumtoypdonanc cwvdéapon. Kas to naxéto SiaoxiGet to SiKTvO, © KG0e Wexayoyéus axoKpumtoypugei to RUKétO ypHO\WoKoudvTaG to KAEIBL KPUATOYPGONC! cvvdéouov yia va StaBaoer Ty KegariSa, Kon om ovvexeta KpUATOypavE: Kat TAMA TO RUKETO Via va To mpowPiset. Tapa OAbKANpO to naKEro elvan aaoaAEs — exrdc and to ypoveRd Sté- oma xard to onoio pfoxeta om UvAUN TOD wetayayEa RaKéroY, oto oxoi0 N KeoaAiSa siven exteBeévn s. Yatpyer duns éva adivato nv TAL i‘ AIANOMH KA Ta va Lerroupyjoet 1 oppetpre xpuntoypagnon, ta 860 wépn 8a npéner va. avrahhazovv ue acodhet t0 {810 Kei, oto onoio Sev Ba mpéxer va éxouv mdoPacn dddOL. Emzhéov, civer owviiPos emOvumrd va éxoune awxvéc adAayés «heiSt00, Exot dore va mepiopioTei n To- adrnta Sedouévov nov Ba extePosy av o EmiriO{Levog WBE TO KREIS. ExopEvO< 7 10yg5c 0-82 KE@AAAIO 2 / 2YMMETPIKH KPYMTOFPA@HEH KAI ANOPPHTO MHNYMATON oLovdyirote KpurToypagrKod cvoTHpLaTos eaprictan and THY TexVIKH Stavopiig TO KAeIIOD (key distribution) — évag opog nov avagépetar ote péou petagopdg KAEWidv petaés tov 360 wepGv ta onoia embvuody va avtadAdZovy Sebonéva, yopic va empénetar oe dAQovg va Eyovv Won tov KAEL6IOd. H dtavoyt Tov KAeIBIOb pxopel va exrtevzAet le Srépopoug Tps- xovs, Pua 500 wépr A Kat B: 1. Eva KXetdi pxopei va emAeyet and tov A xon va napadobet te pvaIK6 tpbz0 ctov B. 2. Eva tpito péhos pnopei va emhéer to Khe Kai va to napabGoet pe QVOIKE tpéKo otovg A xa B. 3. Avo A Karo B gyovv fan yonalozonjast xpdagata Kéxo10 KAet6I, KénoI0 and ta S50 Léhn Oc propobae va otethEl oto GAAO uéhos to veo KAEIBI, xpuMTOypUgT|HEVO HE TO MA Dad KREWE. 4. Avo A xai o B gyovy ja xportoypapnpvn civien pe éva tpito whos I, o F 0a. pxo- potoe va napadicet éva KReI6i soo tov KPURTOYPAONHEVaY avVdédLOV ToD Ls TOUS A xa B. Ot emrroyés 1 xar 2 avagépovtar ory pn avtopatonompemn xapddoon Kedibv. Fa xpurtoypaenon cvvééopov auth civar ut edhoyn axaimon, aged KABe cucKELi KpuMTO- ypaononc avtaddéooe Sedopéva pdvo Le MY avtiotoR GUaKELH Gto GAL GKpo Tov ovv- déopov (CebENG). Qordo0, wa KpuATOYPEUPHON ANS dKpO GE éxpo n LN cvTopCTOROMLEVN napédoon civat Séoypnotn. Ee éva xatavepnpévo cdompa, o KA0E unOAONLOTIS H TepHATIKS umopei va ypevdCeran va eumaxei oe covadAayés He nodove GAovg vaoAoytarés Kat TepHO- und [le TY Rdpobo Tov ypdvov. Exar Ke cvaxen} zperiCerm évay aprons amd Kredit te onoia Oa xapéyovear Sovayuxd. To mpOPAnuer evar wiaitepa Bbaxoho oe Eva Evpsos Katave- npévo obompA. H emoyr 3 amotehet ja mBav4 dion eite ya KpuRtoypéonon Gvvééopov eite ya Kpv- RroypagnoN aNd GKPO Ge axpo, HAAG av Evag EmMBELEVOS KatagEper KGmOWG GOpG va aTO- xcijoe xpdofaan ce Kénowo KAEISi tore Ou anoKadinroven dha ta endpever KReIDid. AKdpa xan ay yivovtar ougvéc adAayés ota KAei6td kputoypéonans ovvdéopov, avrés Oa mpéxeL va yivoveat "yeipoxivnta”, Pia my napoy} KheidiGy Kpuntoypdgnons and dKpo GE KPO GoVi- ordrm 7 emoyy 4. H Eixéva 2.12 napovordcer pia vaomoinon nov wxavoroei THY emhoyi 4 yia Kputoypa- non axé dKpo ce dxpo. Emy exéva mapaBhénetar n Kpurtoypéonon svvséopov" avTh uunopet va mpootedet # dx avéAoya pe Tig amaTioe. Ma avt6 to oxi xpocdiopiCovra Bho eidn Khatubv: «© Kjstbi mepisbou epyaciag (session key): Otay 860 variate dixpay (onokoytatés Y- mpeoiac, vepuanixé K.Ax.) emBuyosy va emkowvavicovy eyKadtatoby ute AoyiRH COV- Beon (ay, Eva erxovind KiKAOpa). Kart ty dépKera avrg ms Aoyuas aivdeons Sha ta BeSopéva tov xonotay Kpuntoypaodvrat ue eva KEI! mepiodov epyacias pias yprtons. Exo téhos ms nepiddov epyasias f ms wbvdeons to KRet6i avtd xatastpégerat.83 2.8 AIANOMH KAEIAION ‘oyyongrody gnazgano 39 agigiays lioame Lagriluoxormioaey — ZFZ BAQMITT smiagieniani ogo oxsilasnligoun a. -y Squordoyoun agg $0020 vox Smonkda aogordax sores 02 vab34M10 DAM A," Smyonids aoggrday ors (4 02 ICM 02 9210 AU) KN oxpinu 01 paidoooda panda Smireybon nyosdlica 14 °Z “o19990 Soaarigoatn oxyam waep20 SUao1/0 (030 O°84 KE@AAAIO 2 / EYMMETPIKH KPYTITOFPA@HEH KAI ATOPPHTO MHNYMATON © Movipo Kietdé (permanent key): To novo whetdi aivan éva KaIBt nov ypnoyonoreicar netaZo tov ovronijrov ya tH Stavop tow KheWSuay Reptoson epyactas. H dtap6pqacy aon} axotehsizon and ta axdhov8a ctoryeia: © Kévtpo diavoniis Khetéuby (key distribution center, KDC): To xévtpo dtavoniis Kote Sudv xadopiter row cvoripara Exupénerat va emiKoWavjoDy Leas) Tove. Otay So8ei 1 déeta eykaréotaans cbvBeons oe 840 cvoTHATE, to KévtpO Stavouns Khetdioy napé- yet To pias ypijonc KALI mEpLddoU epyaciag yia Tm GdvBeon CUT © Movéda vanpeoudy asgdisac (security service module, SSM): Avti 1 Rettoupyuct hovada, 1 onoia propel va mepH.cpBéver heroupyiomta ce éva exinedo mpOTOKdAROv, oxtehei THY KpoRToyps@NEN axS AKPO oe GKpo Kan RayiPiver ta Kedté mEpL6BOD Epya- ciag ya Aoyapiagué tay ypnotoy. Ta Biwara nov zeprapBavovear amy eyKatdotaon pia obvBecns oaivovtan omy Et- x6va 2,12. Orav Kémowos unohoniaviis vmnpasiag emOvpel va Snovpyfoet pia coven NE Kénowoy G2ov, exnéunes Eva naxéto aimon¢ cbvSean¢ (connection-request packet, Bra. 1). H povada SSM anodnxeber avrd to maxéro Kat mpayyatozorei oto Kévepo KDC tua aémon id dBc eykardotacne aivdeons (BiNa 2). H cbvdeon petazs tov SSM Kat tov KDC xpv- ncoypageita ws éva KOpwo Ke18i nov To popacovra y6vo to SSM Kat to KDC. Av to KDC eyxpivet to aimmua obvSeons, Sntoupyei Eve Kheibi nepwddov epyaciag Kat to xapadider ora Sho Katédnha SSM, ypnomonoGvtac éva povadtxd poviso xhetdi ya xGBe SSM (BhyG 3). Ta SSM nov siqay Kaver tic armosts jtxopoby tépa va. anehevOepdcovv to naKéto aimons covéeons, Kar eyKaBiépbera jua civdeo peta tov 640 ovatyHEtwv (PruG 4). Oda ca SeSouéva toy YHETaV nov avtaAicaoven WETCEd Tov S90 «UTdV ovotmLGTOY KpUATO- ‘ypaposvra axé ta avtictoiza SSM pe to pias yprons Kei meprddou epyaciac H aposéyyton Ms avtonatonompévns Suavopiic Khewibv xapéyer my ehactikSTyta Kat ta Swvauied yapaKTpLotiKG nov anaiouvtaL mpoKEWVvoD va [nopobv xoRAoi tepLatiKot yprores va cuvdéoveat ce vnOAoyIctés Umnpecias Kai va avtaAAdooouy Sedopéva Ye rove. Mia @2n mpooéyyion ya ty Stavopi we K2a15100, 1] onoLa meprypawera oto Keira 3 0 W yonowororel KpUAToypuoNGN SyUsGLOD ATA KAI TETOLEAIAEZ Ta Géyara avtov tov xepadaion Kakbmrovta Kentopepéotepa oto [STALO3]. Tia thy Kéioym Aepdtov KpumtoypacrKdy adyopi8uwv. to [SCHN96] sive ja opaveixtaty epyacia avapo- pic: nepv.cyiBaver neprypagéc ya oxed6v Shovg tous KpurToypagrKods a-y6pwH}iong Kat zparTd- xohAa nov éxoov Snpoosutat ta teheveafa 15 ypOvia. Mua. G22 onpavruci Kan hemroephc peng tm sivat to [MENE97]. Mia mo Padi avryrerdimion tov Pguaros, He aveTMpr HoBNLaTIKH avé- Javon, eivan to [STINO2}2.8 BAZIKOI OPO!, EPOTHEEIE ANAZKOMHEHE, KAI TIPOBAHMATA 85 MENE97 Menezes, A., Oorshcot, P., and Vanstone, S. Handbook of Applied Cryptography. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 1997. SCHN96 Schneider, B. Applied Cryptography. New York, 1996. STAL06a Stallings, W. Cryptography and Network Security: Principles and Practice, Fourth Edition, Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2006. STINO6 Stinson, D. Cryptography: Theory and Practice. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2006. J | © Api wto0e)i8a tov AES: H iotogehiba tov NIST y1a to AES, Tepréyet to xpérvro pati he xémow dha covey Keipeva. T1potewopeves totooedtdec: «AES Lounge: Mepiéyet extevh BiBiioypagia ue Keiveva Kar Snnoctedors oyeTIKG Ue tO AES, Je mpdoBacn ce ndextpovixé cevtitona. ‘* Block Cipher Modes of Operati tporovs hattovpyiag : H ochiéa tov NIST pe noW.és 7 évous ax6 to NIST. popopies niver o& Pe BAZIKOI OPOI, EPOTHZEIZ ANAZKOTIHZHE, KAI TTPOBAHMATA Baouxoi épor cre) Kizi6i nepiddov epyasiag | Kodikonomtiig tunadtov Tpinis DES (3DES) Kpurravévon Méodoe Atwoiborie Anoxpuatoypionon Kpvatoypaonua Kpurtoypagnons ; = Tympdcen (CBC) Apyixd keipevo Kpvatoypaonon = | Méfodog Avédpacns Auavoyti Kietuav Kpurtoypdonan cwvSécuov z a Kpvrtoypagnpétoy E&ehaypévo Hpétuxo (xportoypdignan Ceben6) | Tpétuxo Kpumtoypéenans | Kporroypdignons (AES) | Kpvatoypdqnon ané éxpo ae ‘Asboubeny (DES) EniGcon efavthymys | &xpo. Sadcsaih cpieoiniione avatimons xhediev Koéixonomris Feistel see aI ee Yroxhetdi Hhextpovind Buf Kadixov (ECB) Koodtxonomnic pore |86 KE@AAAIO 2/ EYMMETPIKH KPYIITOrPA@HEH KAI ATOPPHTO MHNYMATON Eporijozic avackérnons 2.1 Tow eivan ta Baoikd zapaxmpiotixd evés ovperptKod KoSikoTONTH; 2.2 Totes sivan or 800 Bacikés Aertoupyies nov YpHSWLoToWbvTEL Grove aiypiB}OVS, purtoypaunonc: 2.3 Tdoa xrewie anartovvtar xpoKeipévon va emxowoviisow dio dvOparor pésw eves ovppeTpIKOS xwdwxomomeT; 2.4 Tow eivan n Sapopé pstaki vic KodixonoMTH THNHGTOY KaL Evd¢ KOdIKOROIN|TH PO- i 2.5 Tours eivan ot dbo yevixée mpoceyyicsis emBcons o€ Kanotov KwdiKOMOMTTH: 2.6 Trati wepikés néB0d0r Ketrovpyiac tov KodixonoMtéy THNBETaV ypReyLoROIObV jpovO xpuntoypdenan, evd Kéxoies dies ypnoWomoIody xpurtoypaywnon Kut axOKpURTO~ ypagnen: 2.7 Tretvan n tpixhi xpuntoypéipnon; 2.8 Tiari to pecaio Bua tov 3DES eivan n amoxpunroypagnan Kat Sy 1 KpuRroypaONON: 2.9 Tlowa civar n Siapopé petagd Kpuntoypéenons cvvEspov Kar Kpuntoypapnans and ‘xpo ce dxpo; 2.10 Avagépere tpénovs ue tovs onoiov< Linopobv va StavennBobv ta wwoTIKG KAsIBLE ot, 860 emxowovoiyta pépn. 2.11 Tov eivar n diagopa petaks evdg xheidios aepidSon epyaciac Kat evs Kbptov Kher Bio; 2.12 Treivar to Kévtpo Suavouiie KhetBuby; TIpopijpata 24 Asiére 6 n anoKpurtoypéonon Feistel eivar avriGer aad my xpuacoypdonon Feistel. 2.2 Pe zor tyr KLewI0d RC4 to S Oa aupapeiver aperaPAto Kath TY and $ooy apy Kev Tidy; Me dha Rona, werd THY apr avadiérazn tov S, ta mepiexouevs tov Aa eivan o1 tis and 0 téypt 255 oe abEovoa cepa. 2.3 0 ahyépipoc RC4 éye1 pia Kpvr eowtepiRf) xaréotacn, 1 omoia eivat évac ovveva- ouds Shay tay dvvardy TyLdy ToD diavdoparos § Kat TOV S60 Sencrdy i KoA j. a. Xpnowororiote ia axkt néB080 yia va axobyKeboets MY ecorepIK KaTéoTA- on, Tléca bit 8 zonotpozonoiv; B. Acite 10 Oéua and thy mhcvpa me RoGSTHTAs AinpogopIdy nov avanapiotéverat axé aur my Katdctaon. OLLovpe va APOGdtopicovpe NOEs Siayoperixés Kata ordcers vRGpyovy, Kat Katox ypnaworordvtac LoyaprOpiKy KijaKa je Buon tO 2 va Bposuc xéca bit xnpopopidy avanuprordvovrat. Me avril tH hoy}, x6ou bit da ypetactobv pia va avanapuotabe’ auti 1 KardotAN; 2.4 Me m™ pé0o80 ECB, ov vndpyer Kérow codpe ce Eva ax6 wo qUiWaTa TOD exneyTd- uevou Kpvaroypaghnaros empedera jsvo tO avtiotorZo TUhHG apyAKOd KeyLévoD.2.8 — BAEIKO! OPO), EPOTHEEIZ ANAZKONHZHE, KAl MPOBAHMATA. 87 Hh 2.6 27 28 29 2.10 Qor600, om péBo5o CBC avt6 to opadpa dtadidern. Ma napaderyya, éva opahua oto exneyindpievo C, (Erxéver 2.9) xpooavins xaractpéper ta PF, xan P,. a. Emnpedera xa xiao d220 tupe pera to P,: B. Yno0éore On undpyer éva DavBacpévo bit omy éxdooy tov P; omy xpoéleven,. Ee nou tphwara Kpurtoypaghpatos SiadiSerat aves to apdpa; Mdg emnpediCer avté tov nupairm; To CBC-pad eivan évac tpéx0g Lerroupyiac tov KmdtKomoITH THNMdtOY RCS, anda umnopet va ypnowonombet oe onoiovirinote KodtonomTh tnpiditmv. To CBC-pad yet- picera apziKd Keipevo onnovdiinote weyéboug. To KodwwonoMpévo Kelyevo eivat to nok) Kord. éva TufLe weyadtrepo and To apyAKd. Xpyowonoreitar cvpxdApesn (pad- ding) yia va efaogadorei 6 to apyaKd Keiyevo civa axépaio ToMaMLéc0 Tov 1 Ovs TOV TpA|Uotos (block). YnoBErovpe dri to péyeBoc tov apziKod Kewpévou civat é- vas axépaios apt0yids and byte. To apyixd Keisievo avpninpdverat oto téh0¢ tov Katte 1 60g bb bytes, dnov bb eivan to yéye8os tov tpHWaTac, Ta byte xov xpHOYonoNFOn- Kay 7a to Gvpmhiipoua Srowv dha thy TysH Rov eivar tO AAiOOc toUs, Fa xapaderyua, av ypedotnKaV 8 byte, KaDEva and avté &er TY THM 00001000. Pact Sev exrrpéno- viat byte pe undeviar cysh oto cupAApaLO; Me dda Abpea, av to appx Keipevo et vat axépaio rodhardécto tov weyélovg tov tpfwatos, art va nv axogéyouLE TH SUpAAT PACH; H ovprhsipoon (padding) dev efven ndvtu n KaréAAni HEd0S0c. Pa xapaberypa, io kdro1os va Oé.01 va anoOnKEdae Te KpUATOYpagnHEVE SedouéVa oTHY ‘Sta nepLoy Lviung nov Bptoxétav to apyrxé Keipevo. Ee ave} my xepixtwon to KpyAtoypagntia 8a mpéner va Eyer i810 wéyeBos we to apyKS Ketpievo, Pia to aKond autdv UmdpyEt 0 aponos ettoupyiag CTS (ciphertext stealing, kom xpumtoypaphpatos). H Euova 2.13q deigver uta vAonoiNSN avTig THC LeLtoupyiac. a, Benmore ads herroupyet. B. Tleprypayte my axoxpurtoypdgnon tov C;.1 Kat TOV Cy. H Bikéva 2.138 Seigver ia evadorrixt ué0080 @¢ pos to CTS sna my napayoryr KpUmtoypaghpatos foov LeyE0ous pe To apyIKE Kei\tevo, Stay to Bebrepo Sev elvan a- Képaio nodaMMeo ton pa}KOUS TH ATOS a. Eapyiote tov ahyép iB. B. Eényijote ytati vo CTS eiven mporrétepo and tm péBodo nov paivera omy Erx6- va 2.13f, Ay apoiiyer opéiua of xémowo bit Kevé m perddoon evde yapaxtiipa xpumtoypagy- patos om 160080 CEB tov 8 bit, néco waxpré Suadidetar avt6 to cpdauas Ta ovorfwaca dtavopiis KAziSidy nov ypnotHomoIoty Eva KévtpO ehéyyou TpdaBacns Tian Eva Kévtpo Siuvowiic KReWudy Exovv KevepwKd GnLEia moD eivar evra ce ExiBe- on, Tepiypayre tic ovvénsiec evde tét01ov avyKEVTpUTICHOD OS Pos THY acoERZIa, Yaodéere 6 Kéinow0g mpoteiver tov aapaKéto tpéno na va emPlePaudoer Suv éxere KaL ot 560 OMY KATO, Gag To {S10 pruoTIKd KeIbi. otic Snmovpyeire éva tuyaio ahpa- prOunrixd an6 bit ot [éyeB0¢ TOV KAeIBIOd, to ovvSvaCere je amoKherotiny BraCevey88 KE@AAAIO 2 / EYMMETPIKH KPYNTOTPAGHEH KAI ATOPPHTO MHNYMATON (KOR) pe to KAat8i, Kan otédvere to onotéLeoya [Eso Tov Kavahiod, O ovvepyaene ons epappdger axokhaotuch SidCevén tov ciaspydevon tufaTOs UE to KAzI6I (to o- noio mpéret va eivat x0 {610 pe v0 51Kd Gag KAsIdI) KOI Gus TO OxéAveL TiGw. Eoeic 10 eRéypEte aL, cv avt Tov RapahéBare civ to apZKS TryCIo GaoapOANEKd, Exere e- miPeBardoer 6c. o ovvepydims cag éyet 10 {S10 paTIKG KeIdi, yopig Kaveis and tov dbo va get Noté exméuyer to KAetbi. Yadpyer kéxO ferovértHp os avtd to GboTH- a; Vv By ee Bere) Py [00. = Cys —> ee ee T i ¥ Kya ep [Rover — kh ror, Khoi > pone) v Gi Cua Cay (@) Tpén0g Lextovpyias Khomiis Kpuntoypaghpatos Py Pra Py Py wv @bbie) oie, viv, oir leteecaerls pa] Kyvato. [reenon|, | [reéonon| (ob bit) (6b bit) git) (8) Evad2.axruc 1200605 Eux6va 2.13 Tpdxot hettovpyins kodikoxomri TuNLétav ya apyAKd Keiuevo nov Sev eivan cexépaio nodAarhico tov pi}Kovs tuATOS