### Balance Equation

Chemistry uses equations to describe chemical reactions.

Molecules are written using a funny notation such as:

* Two water molecules are `2 H_2 O`

* One tin dioxide molecule is `Sn O_2`

The notation relies on subscripts instead of superscripts of exponents and letter

casing to allow for implicit multiplication.

Calca doesn't understand this notation, but it's easy enough to rewrite those
molecules using a slightly different notation:

* Two water molecules are `2 (2H + O)`

* One tin dioxide molecule is `(Sn + 2O)`

Let us balance a tin dioxide and hydrogen reaction. We start by writing an

unbalanced equation:

(Sn+2O) + (2H) == (Sn) + (2H+O)

How do we know the equation is unbalanced? Stoichiometry says we merely have to

count up each species of element and make sure the counts are equal between the
reactants and the products:

(Sn+2O) + (2H) => Sn + 2 O + 2 H

(Sn) + (2H+O) => Sn + 2 H + O

We can see that there are too few oxygens in the product. Let's fix that:

(Sn+2O) + (2H) => Sn + 2 O + 2 H

(Sn) + 2(2H+O) => Sn + 4 H + 2 O

Now we have the right number of tin and oxygen, but our hydrogens are now wrong.
Let's try another fix:

(Sn+2O) + 2(2H) => Sn + 2 O + 4 H

(Sn) + 2(2H+O) => Sn + 4 H + 2 O

Great! By adding an additional hydrogen molecule to the reactants, and an

additional water to the products, we were able to balance the equation.