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    Binomial Theorem

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    5 views27 pages

    Binomial

    Uploaded by

    Rawaha Bin Khalid
    Binomial Theorem

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    NCERT Solutions for Class 11th Maths: Chapter 8 — Binomial Theorem Get here Class 11 Maths NCERT Textbook Answers of Chapter 8, NCERT Solutions Class XI Maths includes answers of all the questions of Binomial Theorem provided in NCERT Text Book which is prescribed for class 11 in schools. National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) Book Solutions for class 11th Subject: Maths Chapter: Chapter 8 - Binomial Theorem NCERT Solutions for Class 11th Maths Chapter 8 — Binomial Theorem Class 11th Maths Chapter 8 Binomial Theorem NCERT Solution is given below. Exercise 8.1 Question 1 Expand the expression (1 2x)* Answer By using Binomial Theorem, the expression (1~- 2x)* can be expanded as (I-2x)° (YG A' P+ °C. 07 Cx CA ay CL sy ~"C.C =1-5(2x) +10(4x2) -10(88"} + 5(164) (328°) =1-10x-+40x7 - 80x" + 80x! = 328° Question 2: Expand the expression answer “G}G)es Tah! 5 asthe sR Question 3: Expand the expression (2x ~ 3)* answer By using Binomial Theorem, the expression (2x ~ 3)* can be expanded as (2x=3)° = *C, 2x)" = °C, (2x) 3) + °C. 2x BY = °C. 29) 3)" + °C, (2x) (3° — °C, (2x)(3)' +*C, (8) = 64x" ~ (328° )(3) +15(Lox")(9) -20(88’)(27) 418 (ax! )(81) —6(22)(243) +729 = 64a" — 3765" + 21G(x* — 43202 + 4860x" - 29160 +729 Question 4: xl } cqoesromppaanl Answer apg hairy Gs) i i GH) e6(8) ala) (t vola}G}ve mele “ ale ). “i (s)ofse)o€e sed “33 e127 9x aK (ws) Expand sau xt) By using Binomial Theorem, the expression ( %/ can be expanded as st taser + ‘oo (2) + “oy () +°C, (x) =~} Jone Jr) 61 doped cag eS x! Ont HSN? + 204 x Question 6: Using Binomial Theorem, evaluate (96)? Answer 96 can be expressed as the sum or difference of two numbers whose powers are easier to calculate and then, binomial theorem can be applied It can be written that, 96 = 100 - 4 =-(96)' =(100~4)° =*C, (100) ~ *e, (100) (4) *C.(100)(4)" ~ °c, (4)" 100)° ~3(100)'(4)-+3(100)(4)" —(4y’ = 1000000 ~120000+ 4800-64 = 884736 Question 7: Using Binomial Theorem, evaluate (102)" answer 102 can be expressed as the sum or dlfference af two numbers whose pawers are easier to calculate and then, Binomial Theorem can be apolied, It can be written that, 102 = 100 + 2 ».(192)' = (1002) =*C, (Loop + °C, (Ivo (2)+ °c. + °C, (100)(2)' + °C. (2)" = (100)' +5 (100) (2)+10(100)' (29° +10 (100) (2)° + 5(100)(2)' +(2)° = 18000000000 + 1000000000 + 400000004 800000 + 8000 + 32 = 11040808032 (1o0y (2) + = (100) (2) Question 8: Using Binomial Theorem, evaluate (101)* answer 101 can be expressed as the sum or difference of two numbers whose pawers are easier to calaulate and then, Binomial Theoren can be applied, It can be written that, 101 = 100 + 1 (otf = (10041) ='C,{1009' + '€, (100)' (1) + *C, (100) (1)° + *C,(100)(1)" + 'C, (I) =(100)' +4(100)'+ 6(100)' +4(100)+(1)" = 180000000 + 4000000-+ 60000 + 400+ 1 = 104060401 Question 9: Using Binomial Theorem, evaluate (99)* answer 99 can be written as the sum or difference of two numbers whose powers are easler to caleulate and then, Binomial Theorem can be applied It can be written that, 99 = 100 ~ 1 woo *¢, (100)'—*6,(100)'(1)+°C, (100)'(1)°—"e, (100) (1)" 7, (00 }(1)' —7E,0) 109)’ —5(100)* +10(190)'—10(L00)* = (100) —1 = 101K190041000 —$100K]00000 + 19000000 ~ 100000 + $0—1 = 1910000500 500100001 309900499 ny Question 10: Using Binomial Theorem, indleate which number Is larger (4.1}° or 1900, answer By splitting 1.1 and then applying Binomial Theorem, the first few terms of (1.1)? can be obtained as ay (+0) =" ¢, + !C, (1.1) +Other positive tems = 1410000 1.1-+Orher positive terms = 1411000 + Other positive tems > 1000 Henee, (1.1)""" > 1000 Question 11 rind (a+ b= (9 by, Hence, evaluate W5*¥7) ~(V5-9) ananee Using Binomial Theorem, the expressions, (a + b)* and (a ~ b)*, can be expanded as (ath)! = (Gale Carbs Carb? + Cah? +4C,b! (a-b)'= (a+b)'-(a-b) = ‘C,a" + 'Cja*b+ ‘C,a°b’ + "Cab" + Cb" -[!c iat ‘cab Cath! Cab! + Cb] =2{!Gab+ *C.ab!) =2(4a"b+ dab") =8ab(a" +b") 'Cia’b+*C,a?h? "Cah! +*C,b* By putting a= V3 and b= ¥2, we obtain (552) (5-2) 9(8)(42) (8) +2) =8(¥6){3+2} = a0v6 Question 12: Find (x +18 6 =49, Hence or aerwiseevauate(¥2 +1) +(V2-1) Answer Using Binomial Theorem, the expressions, (x + 1)* and ( ~ 1)$, can be expanded as [tour's text ene °C, a[x'stsx!+15x! +1] By putting ¥= V2, we obtain (ven) ov af =2[ (vay v15( vay’ +15(v2) a] =2(8+15<4+415%2+1) =2(8+60+30+1) =2(99) = 198 Question 13: Show that 9”""-81~9is divisible by 64, whenever n is @ positive integer. answer In order to show that 9" ~8n-9is divisible by 64, It has to be proved that, om Sn = G4, where kis some natural number By Binomial Theorem, (Leay" = MC, HMC ae MC at Ho MCA Fora =8andm =n +1, we obtain +06, (84, (8) 4.4 =l+(n+1)(8)+8'[ "C+ Cy xB! ‘oot (8) So =948as64 C= MC 82.24 (8) ] “| 9" —8n-9= 64K, where k ="! MC 84+ MC, (8) isa natural number Thus, 9°" -8n~9is divisible by 64, whenever n is a positive integer. Question 143 5 3'C. a4 answer By Binomial Theorem, +b)" By putting b = 3 anda = 1 in the above equation, we obtain Dew "ay <3) atre, Hence, proved. * Question 1 Find the coefficient of x* in (x + 3)° Answer Its known that (r + 1)* term, (Tras), in the binomial expansion of (a +b)" Is given by Ty=tOartbr Assuming thet x* occurs in the (r + 1)" term of the expansion (x + 3)*, we obtain a 8-7-6-51 wore) x3 -3'=1512 nh, weremaoramreerse ny OO) “Heal 2.51 Question 2: Find the coefficient of 2°” in (@ ~ 26)" answer It isknown that (7 +1) term, (Tres), in the binomial expansion of (a + 6)" is given by Rani Catb ‘Assuming tht a’ occurs in the (r + 1)* term of the expansion (a ~ 2b)*#, we obtain (26) = "6, C2y (a) "(by Comparing the indices of @ and in a* b” and in 7, 43, we obtain re7 ‘Thus, the coefficient of a°6? Is 12-11-10.9.8.71 7151 5-43-27! T= "Cay Beeay = Question 3: Write the general term in the expansion of (x? - y)* answer It is known that the general term Tr+s {which is the (r + 1)" term} in the binomial Cab! expansion of (@ + by" is given by Tu ‘Thus, the general term in the expansion of (x? - y*) Is Ta "C(8) Cx) =) Cay" Question 4: Write the general term in the expansion of (x? - yx)##, x # 0 answer It is known that the general term 7,44 {which Is the (r+ 1)" term} in the binomial Carb! expansion of (a + by" Is given by Tt ‘Thus, the general term in the expansion oft? ~ yx)! Is Cyto. Hy Peat yx! Question 5: Find the 4* term in the expansion of (x ~ 2y)* answer It isknown that (7 +1) term, (Tres), in the binomial expansion of (a + 6)" is given by T Canty ‘Thus, the 4 term In the expansion of (x ~ 2y)* Is ILO Gy gry! = 176089" Ce) 2x) Question 6: (ox Find the 13" term in the expansion of Answer It isknown that (r + 1)* term, (Tr), in the binomial expansion of (@ + 6)" is given by Kaa tCaht ISAPHOASTGAZIE (1) of 1) =Snega se S452 3 x) Question 7: answer It Is known that in the expansion of (a + 6), ifn Is odd, then there are two middle wee sony, (OF) sam an Fs 4 ‘Therefore, the middle terms in the expansion of ( (- 6 “Thus the mle terms inthe expension of Question 8 4 (Fey ) Find the middle terms in the expansions of 43 é newer Ber) It isknown that in the expansion (a + 6)", ifn is even, then the middle term is ( 2 term, Is 61236 x°V°. Question 9: In the expansion of (1 + a)"*", prove that coefficients of a” and a” are equal answer It isknown that (7 + 1)® term, (Tees), in the binomial expansion of (a + 6)" is given by Ty ="C ab! Assuming that 2” occurs in tha (r + 1)** term of the expansion (1 + 4)"**, we obtain Tey =P, (ay =O Cat Comparing the indices of @ in a” and in T.+4, we obtain, ‘Therefore, the coefficient of a” is (msn)!__ (m+n): imi(m+n—m)! min! (I ‘Assuming that a occurs in the (k + 1)""term of the expansion (1+ a)", we obtain Taser C(I (alt a" G, (al! Comparing the indices of ain a? and in Ty... we obtain ken ‘Therefore, the coefficient of a” is (ment _ (men)! ni(mn—n)) ‘Thus, from (1) and (2), It can be observed that the coefficlents of a” and a” in the expansion of (1 + a)"** are equal Question 10: ‘The coeificients of the (7 1), r and (r + 1) terms in the expansion of (3 + 1)" are in the ratio 1:3:5. Find n andr answer It isknown that (k + 1)" term, (Tiss), in the binomial expansion of (a + bJ" is given by Tas "Garbt ‘Therefore, (7-1)! term in the expansion of (x + 1)" Is T, “ctx Uy et 1 term in the expansion of ( + 1)" Is Tago (8) (Y= Ca (7 + 1)" term in the expansion of (x + 1)" is ‘Therefore, the coefficients of the (r- 1)", "Chas Cay and "C and (r + 1)" terms in the expansion of (x +ifare 1:3:5, we obtain "respectively. Since these coefficients are in the ratio (ney) (2a et a (r-2)(a=r+2)(n—r= DE rt ard ll) (e=1)u(n=e}! ab (Doria (2) Multiplying (1) by 3 and subtracting it from (2), we obtain 4-12=0 ere3 Putting the value of in (1), we obtain n-1245 sn=7 Thus,=7 andr =3 Question 11 Prove that the coefficient of x" in the expansion of (1. + x)* is twice the coefficient of x" in the expansion of (1 +39" answer It isknawn that (7 + 1)® term, (Tras), in the binomial expansion of (a + b)" Is given by Ty=tCatb! Assuring that x’ occurs in the (r + 1) term of the expansion of (1 +x)", we obtain Ta SME (Fa) Ca) Comparing the Indices of « in x? and In Tr+a, we obtain Therefore, the coefficient of x” in the expansion of (1 +x)" Is 2m): 2n)! ni(@n=n)! nla! (nip () Assuming that x” occurs in the (k +1)" term of the expansion (1 +x)"~*, we obtain Ts SPC Pay CO Comparing the Indices of x in." end Ti +, we obtsin ken ‘Therefore, the coefficient of in the expansion of (1 + x)**"*is Banl(n=)l Zant! 1a @ From (1) and (2), itis observed that ‘Therefore, the coefficient of x" In the expansion of (1 + x)*" Is twice the coefficient of x" In the expansion of (1 +x). Hence, proved. Question 12: Find a positive value of m for which the coefficient of x* in the expansion. Gtx 66. answer It isknown that (7 + 1)® term, (Te), in the binomial expansion of (a + b)" is given by Ty ="C ab Assuming that x? occurs in the (r + 1)" term of the expansion (1 +x)", we obtain Ta © ("xy =" CY Comparing the Indices of « in # and In T;+1, we obtain ra2 ‘Therefore, the coefficient of x? is "C2 It Is given that the coefficient of x? In the expansion (1 + x)" Is 6. =— 2-2}! —, mm=1)(m=2)! 2x(m—2)! =m(m-1)=12 =m'-m-12=0 =m —4m+3m=12=0 = m(m=4)+3(m-4)=0 = (m—a)lin43} = (m—4)=008 =em=4orm m+3)=0 “Thus, the positive value of m, for which the coefficient of x? in the expansion (+207 86, 154 NCERT Miscellaneous Solutions Question 1 Find 2, b andr in the expansion of (a + 6)" If the first thrae terms of the expansion are 728, 7290 and 30375, respectively, answer It isknown that (7 + 1)* term, (Tres), in the binomial expansion of (a + b)" is given by Ca™b ‘The first three terms of the expansion are given as 729, 7290, and 30375 respectively, ‘Therefore, we obtain Dividing (3) by (2), we obtain 2mab 7290 _, (ob _ 30375 2a” 7290 (n-I)b 303752 _ 25 = EE 8512 2S a T2903 =n=6 Substituting n = 6 in equation (2), we obtain 29 V7 =3 From (5), we obtain bls 33 Thus, a= 3, b= 5, ondn=6. =eb=5 Question 2: Find a If the coefficients of x? and x? in the expansion of (3 + ax)? are equal Answer Itis known that (r+ 1)® term, (jax), in the binomial expansion of (a + b)" is given by Ty ="C arb, ‘Assuming thet x? occurs in the (r + 1)!" term in the expansion of (3 + ax)", we obtain T, °C, 8)" (ax) ="C, 8) a's" Comparing the indices of x in x? and in T+, we obtain re2 ‘Thus, the coefficient of x Is c (sats! Comparing the indices of x in x? and in Tiya, we obtain k-a Thus, the coefficient of x? Is “6, (3a! = FG) a" = 8463)? 9 ‘Thus, the required value of 2 is 7 Question 3: Find the coefficient of x* in the product (1 + 2x) (1 — x)? using binomial theorem. Answer Using Binomial Theorem, the expressions, (1 + 2x)* and (1 - x)’, can be expanded as (I+ 2x)? =*C, + °C, (25) +°C, (2a) + °C, (24)' + °C, (28) + °C, (2x) +40, 2x)" = 14 6(2s)415(2s) +20(2x)! +15(2x)' +6(2x)' + (22) = 14 12r+ Olly? + 160x* + 2402" +192" + Ox" (V7 27,7094 7C, OF —7C, 04) +7, (07° ~7Cs(2) +7C, (x) - C0) IAT 4 21? 380 4350421 Ta 2 (142xf (lex = (1412846047 41608" 42405441920 4643] (1= 75421" =355°435x'=21s° 47s" 2") ‘The complete multiplication of the two brackets is nat required to be carried out. Only those terms, which involve x5, are required. ‘The terms containing x¢ are 1(-2N" ) + (12x )( 35x") + (607) (-35x" + (Lo0x" )( 210? )4-( 2402" (7) + (1920 J) aid ‘Thus, the coefficient of < in the given product is 171 Question 4 Ifa and 6 are distinct integers, prove that a - b is a factor of a" - b", whenever n is a positive integer. (Hint: write a” = (2-6 +b)" and expand) answer In order to prove that (a ~ b) isa factor of (a" - b"), ithas to be proved thet abt Itcan be written that, a= a-b +b (@~b), where k is some natural number of =(a-b+ by =[(a-b)+6} C,(a—BY °C, (ab) Be "CL (a -BYB 4 "CB by +" C,(0-A) be. °C, (0 A)w! +b" ~b =(a-A)| (a6 “°C, (a) BHF Cb | =a" =k(a-b) where, t= (a= BY 4 C, (aA) be CP ‘] is a natural number > ‘This shows that (3 ~ b) isa factor of (a" - b"), where n is a positive integer. evatuate V5 4F) -(8-¥3) — Fiesty, the expression (a +6)¢~(@ 5) simpli by using Binomial Theeram ‘This can be done as (a+b) “at + "Cab +*C,0'b? +°C,a'b! + C07! + "Clb! + *C,b° V" +6a°b +15a'b* + 20a"! +15a"b! +6ab* +b’ (a-b)" = *Cya' - "Cab + *C.a'b? —"Ca'b? + “Cad = "Cab + "C,b° ‘éa'b+15a°b" la’b! +15 —6ab? >be (a+b) =(a-b)' =2[6a'b+202'b! +6a"] Putting a= v3 and b= v2. (is vif (5s) af of v8) (v3) -20( 8) (v2) +6( (2) ] =2[5W6+120v6+24V6] =20108N6 =3966 ‘we obtain Question 6: +(e)" ava Fr he veo ate Psy the expend G+ 9+ 0 eld by ung Bona Teer. Thi canbe dona (oy stGxt tex’ =x ede y 6x2) edeyt ey! (x-9)'= "Gxt = 'ox'y4'C. xicds'y t6x'y? any" ty! =2(s! s6x'y44y') (xesy Hxey Putting x =a? and y= a1. we obtain (ova aif «(0 ve =i} =2{(@y + =a[st Gat — 6 +0! =a 2a + 12a" 10a" —da* +2 Question 7: Find an approximation of (0.98) using the first three terms of its expansion. answer 0.99= 1-001 -.(0.99)' =(1-001) ="C,(l) °C, (1)' (0.01) +"C, (1) (0.01) (Approximately) =1=5(0.01)+10(0.01 =1-0.08-+0,001 1001-005 =0951 ‘Thus, the value of (0.99)? Is approximately 0.951, Question 8: Find ny if the ratio of the fifth term from the beginning to the fith term from the end in Ly sw npmaen ot (a) ee (avy = + Cah b+ "Cx oot Cy jab 80, bt In the expansion, Fifth term from the beginning =“C.a"™“®* 5 tb Fifth term from the end = ‘Therefore, It Is evident that in the expansion of the fifth term from the enna te TL) stim teman NC) “

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