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This document illustrates several features of the Pdf995 Suite of Products,NAML
VIRTUAL REALITY MODELING LANGUAGE
Wintroduction
The Virtual Reality Modeling Langnage (VRML) is « language for describing mulli-
participant interactive simulations -- virtual worlds networked via the global Intemet and
hhypetlinked with the World Wide Web. All aspects of virtual worlé display, interaction
and inte-uewworking can be specified usitg VRML. tis the intention of its designers chat
VRMI. become the standard language for interactive simulation within the World Wide
Web.
The first version of VRML zllows for the creation of virtual worlds with Jimited
interactive behevior. These worlds can contain objeats wkich have hyper'inks to other
worlds. HIML documents or otacr velid MIME types. When the user selects an object
with z hyperlink, the appropriate MIME viewer is launched. When the user selects a link
to a VRMI. document from within a correctly configured WWW browser, < VRML_
viewer is launched. Thus VRML viewers ate the perfect companion applications to
standard WWW browsers for navigating and visualizing the Web. Future versions of
VIRML will alow for richer behaviors, including animations, motion physics and real-
me iwulti-user interaction.
This document specifies the features and syntax of Version 1.0 of VRML.
®VRML Mission Statement
The history of the development of the Internct kas had three distinct phases: first, che
developuient of the TCP/IP infrastructure which allowed documents and data to be stored
ina proximally independent way, that is, Internet provided a layer of abstraction between
data sets and the hosts which manipulated chem. While this abstraction was use“ul, it was
also confusing: without any clear sense of "what went where", access to Trternet was
restricted to the class of sysops/net surfers who could maintain internal cognitive mups of
the data spacer
Next, Tirn Berners Lee’s work a: CERN, where he developed the hypermedia system
known as World Wide Web, added cnother leyer of abstraction to the existing struc‘ure.
This abscraction provided an “addressing” scheme, a urique identifier (che Universal
Resource Locator), which coulé tell anyone “where to go and how to get there" for any
piece of dita within the Web. While uscful, it lacked dimensionality; there's ao chere
there within the web, and the only type of navigation permissible (other than surfing) is
by direct reference. In other words, [ean only tell you how to get to the VRML Forum
home page by saying, “attp://www,wired.com/". which is noc human-centered data. InNAML
VIRTUAL REALITY MODELING LANGUAGE
fact, Inced to make an effort to comember it at all. So, while the World Wide Web
provides a retrieval mechanism to complement the existing storage mechanism, it leaves
a lotto be desired, particularly for tuman beings.
Finally, we move to "perceptnalized” Inteme:works, where the data has been sensualized,
that is, rendered seasually. If something is represented sensually, it is possible to make
sense of it. VMI. is an attempt (how successful, ouly titne and effor: will tell) to place
humans at the center of the Internet, ordering its universe to out whims, In order to do
hat, the most important sirgle element is a standard thet defies the particularities of
perception. Virtual Reclity Modeling Language is tha: standard, designed to be a
universal description language for multi participant simulations.
‘These three phases, storage, retrieval, and perceptualization ase analogous to the human
process of consciousness, as expressed in lernis of semantics and cognitive science.
Tents occur and are recorded (memory), inZerenoes are drawn from merory
(associations), and from sets of related events, maps of the universe are created (cognitive
perception). Whct is itnportant (o remember is that the map is not the territory. and we
should avoid becoming trapped in any single representation or world-view. Although: we
need to design (o avoid disorientation, we should always push the envelope in the kinds
of experience we can bring into manifestation!
‘This document is the living proof of the sucess of a process that was committed to being
‘open and flexible, responsive to the needs of a growing Web community. Rather than rc~
invent ‘he wheel, we have ackap(ed an existing specification (Open Inven‘or) as the basis
feom which our own work can grow, saving years of design work and perhaps many
mistakes. Now our real work can begin; thet of rendering our noospher'c space.
@History
VIRML was conceived in che spring of 1994 at the first annul World Wide Web
Conference in Geneva, Switzerland. Tim Bemcets-Lee and Dave Raggett organized a
Rirds-of a.Koather (BOF) session (o discuss Virtual Reality interfaces to the World Wide
Web. Several BOF attendees described projects already underwy to build three
dimensional graphical visualization tools which interoperate with the Web. Auendees.
agreed on the need for these tools to have a common language for specifying 3D scene.
description and WWW hyperlinks --2n analog of ITTML for virtual reality. The term
Virtual Reality Markup Lenguage (VRML) was coined, and the group resolved to begin
specification work after the conference. The Word Markup’ was later changed to
Modeling’ to reflect the graphical nature of VRML.NAML
VIRTUAL REALITY MODELING LANGUAGE
Shortly after the Geneva BOF session, the wew-veml mailing list was created to discuss
the Gevelopment of a specification for the first version of VRML. The response to the list
invitation was overwheliving: within a week, there were over a thousand members. After
a initiel settling in period, list moderator Mark Pesce of Labyrinth Group announced his
intention to have a draft version of the specification ready by the WWW Fall 1994
conference, a more five months avay. There was general agreement on the list that, while
this schedule was aggressive, i, was achievable provided that the requirements for the
first version were not too arnbitious aud that VRML. could be adapted ‘rom an existing
solution. ‘The List quickly agreed upon a set of requirements for the first version, and
began a search for tecl.nologies which could e adayied to fi. the needs of VRML
The secrch for existing technologies tumed up a several worthwhile candidates. After
much deliberation the list carse to a consensus: the Open Inventor ASCH File Format
from Silicon Graphics, Inc. The Invertor File Format supports complete cescriptions of
3D scenes with polygoually rendered objects, lighting, enaterials, ambient properties and
realism effects. A subset of the laventor File Format, with extensions to support
networking, Zoms the basis of VRML. Gavin Bell of Silicon Graphics has adapted the
Inventor File Format for VRMIL. wits design input from the mailing list. $GI bas publicly
stated that the tile format is available for use in the open market, and have contributed a
file format parser into the public domain to boo'strap VRML viewer developmentNAML
VIRTUAL REALITY MODELING LANGUAGE
A Graphical Rep’esertation of verse VRML Uptake
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