Nick Barion' Rock Mass Classification and Tunnel Reinforcement Selection Using the Q-System ‘sing the Q.Syem, hak Canam Spor Eanes Pues ASI STP 38 Ent ial, Eaves Soca Tegal Mati Ps. 9-8 ANSERACT: spe pve ee he pn ncn he pe Megs ina beso ave eots bes sol ecscoeph atten Beogl o fei mite eh aon heptane en ‘Sten whe may eal ay ore ys pny nerf cet Tit ‘ete mel coma wn her cena he vay a i mo canoe KEY WORDS ek uci, mn ck pr she ek tig ‘This ppe provides an nays ofthe yates chrcteroon a mel supper seston 212 cane rote wed in devsoping the Q-em art ol 1978) me ‘iewed in de, so fat applica to ew peo can be eld to the extensive range of Tock mas ues, utes, an ne epost const the Qs dat ase. ‘Ukinay, perl var of clisifictbon matho wi be pera of he vale of rc sem bythe depo whch he en ey fs en he ee eens wed erly the gen metho. Te mst crprebensive da bse ofthe Sven o eet casieaion systems ssw inl ee Gren Ty engi ee cas a previo expences wld w devpa mip ecomienaon. Chsicaton Systm Currey in Use see te ldo ntl. These a: Terk (1945) Rack Load Clacton Tiss ben ad exten in he United States for sre yen Hs wed prima to st tel suport for rock tae Hower ‘mal or me ening thc in which ok ean sale ew. Laser 1958) Stand. Time Clacton Tis oc he cone a8 Uap ‘sonal onmervatve when compu wih present dy fmacng mete,160 ROCK CLASSIFICATION SYSTENS FOR ENGNEEAING PUAPOSES “TABLE LM mas aio ts cnn solbae itn oan Rook ns “er 94) usa ‘wd wie ro Degeet 190) and USA ore ogi. cing st Cnet weinmetaicva) USA ek wi sp aS Sse ut 190) Neva ten ae hanes © See Bora et + Deore a 1957) Rok Quy Designation (RQDI—TRs i a single dstiton of te condiment il ns scolar abet cies “Steno is om fl csr for the econ ie fa and lig ais Say be overiy sense oration effec. Des et 197) uted ROD wo devekp Sport econeneaor or 12. pe unc, ba i ut tht he etal of iin ‘Nethoing nd gundwster shu sso be len ne scone whem sling app Fees ‘Set eons ere zl fn developing tee rcormentos With, Dedman. and Shomer (1972) Rock sure Rang (ASR)—TRis conep ingwdicl sumer ngs tad weightings 0 eae rock mans ay actaon Sinema nd sel app reac The met a inte era tt eds 2 ‘ted mr tegen an iteration tse he RMR and ye. Hono 1873) RMR Govmeckines Clifton Tht vated em sven ester sgteme sod hasnerone ever changes 1974, 175, 1975, an 197) sce ss oon 151973. Te med was evel sed on 49 case et, au dels ofthese eases wih "ir lan fo spot somctns have nt een pies. Resa pation of RMR sys hve een ae mining, wich bv etre the data se conser “Baron Let and Lande (1978) Q-Soxem Ts clases stem was dveloped Indepeenty of he Wick 1972) a hws (197) chs, tes extrsiey {te ROD ruta of Dee a (1987 ngage aol paneer 0 me) he ROD va cen forthe no it sc heroes nda ag he {unto wal, andthe atin alee tes sate height geen, {nisl i shsston rod ad he ited spp ecomimedom wee aed ‘mamas of 12 sue rca Fal Stat of tse ess een [ae 8 POPE (ne far tunnel spprt concept nich shld by mons ee the New Asan “Tumking Mtl NANO, hich wn eloped by Rabe Packer sn Mer kee Ti and Racwir se Packer 197). tacked By Mier Seba) almes even: ‘ning this mend hn ferent coco of an ut conan snl aes Input ger desta the ut of sonfssin preva nhs el Ta NATMs deters. iste uedrtod ht fe eid pill tied nacre pad conde, wich ‘Sul poset hic! and scononae profes fr ling eosBARTONONOSYSTEN 61 ‘The NATAL ies om perrmsnce marine fr petion andesite of md condos Is algo wea aew pret bse ca eves exten The clasetca ‘Sho apd ring inp poe usd on erfomance mont A pra essen {i terete ony aplale o eone cv or which na vlad and mifie,s0 e eso te jets ye et The NATM i ese 4 desi meta in which he ook mass i alowed 0 yi only acugh ize As optinum sagt ilicng li tempry app. Wak core ing ‘tn! supper ths ina king ance i ne fo pve fs f stn. On eso, the doze tallow deomaton wo osu by inang case of Stora mae wah the ‘Secret, an clint ig jh esi os of rd ool sd See are a eon igs nb ay Bate 1982). pring Cae Records Sane of he sage mass eons by te ane clasifcaion meh aque abe interne nn wil net yan ne spp mets hecene re Beneal atle Foe ‘aris, the vlopaet of gh enh but ish duce et Ht feared mics She sa revltonary advice a tus upon. Kean be aple yon ober oer ad fone skp pon ght he tans ace. The ex senshi prod! move he ned Fee mesh crs and hss ery eng fo plc sel Aches as coe unde age geo naling conan Compaion of RMR and Sytem ‘Ths tm casifaon sso that spear be in wie ei tng hat do at ely 28 eormans mong (hgh ty che ed cojuncion it mabring are the RMR SU Q stems. The two sens ae Mle congue in some dt hee ‘Blslavs (97 ees the foowng sx pret is RMR =| nial compmsivesteegh of mk mera Drie guity ROD. Spacing of in Chndien of ois, ‘Gunster contin, ‘renin of ee. comast he stm (Bao et, 1974) she felon six pets np, amber of joa so, Join nes ‘Ses fcr, The cons prance sed ints syste is Dave's ROD. Biss also ines jie spscng and onentatine, wi the Q-tem conifer the monte of jot ses. Onentton ile mpi i the Qt by este te ja ons and aera fey rst nfl ett yn sco dct Binws (1973) appar wo hve fared he mean ring fo spacing and atin fe62. ROCK CLASSEICATION SYSTEMS FOR ENGINEERING PURPOSES ira oe ses sorting 1 te example sen nis paper He a inate (1979) Bt when sat ro oat tae pro th ater sig Wl pve conte ime he ine The very deed testment ft racees a tern, perap he ong tie of she Qs, swt purkuluy ensued io te RMN Geass Cision. Ia ‘igi! vera Blesaval (197) comieed th condo far unr ie despite ‘eats (tig) sept of jos 8 ais 01 min pt 5 ad betty of jit ( rings, nr conan p10 comuus ws gow) In hs 198pubston lilt endned tess tc reo "ctn of jo” which api hal ie ings hr oy ‘spor <1 om no cous pt pen >5 mo, cnr gage 5 wma hi tt ‘bicaiom (197, 1979), Beng ano inde ot rnahnest fh founh parte ihe RM sym, ok es me wed pecially a parameter ugh is ppt hn sling appr meses. nis 1975 pups Bina gives pon earned fr {Thala to 2 apn nw te vera res shold be ee the 30 MP. is 1976 Sern the sme appr comets are given ses for 10 span tines, ih he Ser ses mite 025 MP Tn the Qsjsen de ato (00) (woud crresion Sweatt pega Sees) 1 ‘alae when ening ck sen probe, The cet of papi. stag a ack bu prslens canbe ute mca) pede it ha ek. The Qs}sten ako acoso see ‘aed by sha ones und Cl ad suezig nd swing road. Hone. vey fen se ‘ars cold bei in he gazing ety 0 spr rcemmetos ie es “he Gromschncs Clasifcaton was tse ally on Laufer (986), whch i ow sckovnlegedtobecrositelycosents. Renae ae skrun pod Spar of m in his 1973 veo to 20 (1978 Yrkn) an Sealy Yo Mm 1979 ven Beste ee liter ican, lew’ chat of snip te er uapyr a salen be very ers computed it the Q-y8m, I eles comparion of row dseaton tod, Fin (1979) copa cach rth’ suppress with Cais (190) spp cas Ty sowed at Blas 11976) pec consdeable spp all cases, the Date ta (B85) mtn even ler seus suppat The Qysem peice woop, sme Ces case fomed He bwokton oe metho, Sst dtepnces tes he pone erecta signe lsotis Between ead, South Ac, and be Unie Stes These deen peat Be one sal "The Ensin ol (197) comparison of ech method wih Cols ported css ind shutthe Qs spot recommen ogre wel wth he tal ppt. The Benoni (0976 and Dec 1968) RQD math wee mare conserve ‘One of he most een repos of compares Betwen eek mans casing sem or runing was pin by int (1983) fon work erro he Pare este Stn. 1168 by 1 by 21 m excretion lc 2) 030m lon the rae slit, in Cambie, Masachaste Fs of he cat mats Ine in Ta | ere compared in al Sang ‘evel stags of th poeta several bere “The mands war compe while clsifing ill oe, mapping am inspection shaft on ile un, and whe the ck ws toned inthe fil ecaatn Oxy he Qt sued Tbe alice the wut condone encosted te nin exceaen. Cay 2 spp edie bythe C'ysem, comune a systematic bls m cele, snd 4 to 6 cn of Soc, was pracy Meteo tal spp ed. Cal motoring sing MPOX (nlepe poston bole extensors and conegetes maroc ead maxim {efurmaton of oly 8 m:n thr wor, sable cones wore eal.BARTON ON OSysTEM 63 Deserition othe @Sysem Rationale “The vt majority of te tomas of lors tne coma work wie ener) i ot have the nat of petomance mown. Desir delsins ne neverees reed ‘eh etre and ing comonomer ow many spine ck mechan Hox rogaine leat as ar estore, ig npn Wl come tak th Be ‘leon “eh hl suing, tect hoes, ong jn wih esa bh eam" [Spree we have rely om engnecring dg Fo hse mts. whee Oe sgn shed on precedent, sl te a oo clusifcibe method ll allow vo extaple ‘post digs oir xk mses an iterates and pen of shew. Unerraed ‘Sows on be rp wih ome consdencePemany Becese many ers hae Ben ‘ppore ble hem and ve permed stately Method jor Bstmarin Rok Mass Outs (2) “Thess prt hon tds he sk ms qu () te combined in th lowing = ROD HUH) LISKEY 0 were ROD ~ rock guy designe (Der al, 1967, J, = J Set mabe. 5; = jot rugs ner (of est avr dsontuity oi 50, 27, jin ation mb (ee fvble coi or ot fk war eon fase ane “Te tsp of ros (ROD //J an L/SRP) repels, ia ereck shear stenph, an cv ts, epectely Te ae flame gece pureoees Tes inpertt oobsese ht hls of JJ ite the jm st dict os ‘uely ello fate to it.The pan iene of rent este fo the el is mpc Detlef he ipa ad he numeric ns ae hen nT 2 ‘Te ange of pose Q vais (pesmi 0.0110 100) enempses he whole pecan frock mu qualities rm hey seeing rnd up o sound apne sk Te cse cs ‘lamina fcued (3 genus pen 8 tanh rok pe, a samen ok ‘ype. More tan 0 of he xe eons cay crores Hower commen the Jens wer iid the Jom alls were sald or nly shay rd "The apse mere dete than sy of te other mas a eth foes joi rough (ordre lary), jomalerson (lig) nde orenatnn,Tecleseion ‘fen vel fest” er), an resets oe oth song ear fhe meh Te aho seems 10 bea face hat itll ued te cher easton sche. Fo ‘camp, Bealanak's RM metodo da for all at stand dicots ore “let ely te average ae saps he neering artermore he RMR ts impo spar ary te pe of ot rough nd hs degree lig, ss boy ay ona in pra.64 ROCK CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS FOR ENGINEERING PURPOSES: TABLE 2 fe188 ROCK CLASSIFICATION SYSTENE FOR ENGINEERING PLAOSES we ‘TABLE coma,aaRTON OW OSYSTEM 67 Meta of Selesing Stale Support ‘The Oye ie een 4 weighing pose which te poe and neatine aspect of a rock mis ae anew A se of exper (se sr), nl iy sll use on ee ‘xperec,sechod toh os ape supp ears he gen Aca tnd ck mans ono, The whol sede ts pobabl ot hima he mental ses Whe the sen f most ofthe parameters almteilysijesive te rcs of at ‘elton is organ ad easombyoethe. The tiakantemor amen and reste 1 pramstr rings ces Sate he Svelopme of te sya van aa sepa Tee Sauce el ar saigetv judgment om tp of henley, Th lage be ‘ue ecards mae pou w gents the spr recommendations gite cj gue | wo ht he nl excavation sun wih ad he ek ma ty () athe ‘ecive paneer for placing so excinaon pve sion capa {Hote to 38) However, ee at impor us equa for diferent pes of safety. Te excavation ‘pot rao (ESR), which ess th efesive sun Fa, fects anstactn pcice "Ga he depe of say and sap demand by a excevaion Geers y the purpose, freon of mciry. person ce, The i of ESR alain Tale 3 eloped toa "chs and ero a sce oe themes workable lion he ple vrai Tues sft ca be Sted wl by edge ESR valve eg by ang ESR = 1.3 {on an ingore pemanct mine opening in place of 1.6) Sil, supp foro serge ‘vers colle tice by sing ESR = 1. sed of 3, suming he ocr Sal ses (rom he wall) wee aeenuhe The ue af ESR 1 for powe sao hams {iar ead tunes ensures sgh factor of sf 8 ebiwsy req. ‘Monto the 8 nubere"agprt bones snows in ig cont cise recon The upp sscommendatons fresh Ft th sa otc led iTable Fat et of thes of hve appr resummnendton wr pen by Han, Ln, ed Lape (1975). Root ‘supe, wal appr and temporary stp can ected equ amples of Case Reconds [A comidle dus base for developing th Qe was provi Wy Cai (970), ho sce wamers naling jc in Swe and Norway dine dete etn of the oek te jong. the pe of septa he pura sai? stows tae taps ‘of coo's cen and Table ives the abr desrpcn othe ke ek tts parame tnd desis the supe atl wed. Nite hat he aac descrip hen ake ‘Tbe Scan be choad scl again te sume ter given in Tae 2 Thi comenset, Storthand method eon Be se ring tual mapping. who wing conaoes we efor Examples of Tae Mapping Examples of se tel prt in wich he yt has een aod exes in day ay flon-up maging ie show ie Fie an 36. wl be nde ta the eta of {ris snes nl aj commits shown Figs al 3b oto a hile ‘oe quly of he ck mss been te zor Ges facr devin Between nia “siching” and zoe spo “One of te eps (ep 3) is x tml excavated by fae tne brag chine (TBM, Th wiina dstace cased by TAM exci makes parila impnant Sept clo the atoning fc spose Vor epi jot desc followed By epee(68 ACOK CLASSIFICATION SYSTEuS FOR ENGINEERING PURPOSES Fe eee 'axmTON ow asysTeM 69 [TABLE 1 tana Sip Rat ES for yf nrg ans “Type of Fscantion Exons Eger acura ayant” rmarping fie permanent pyr choi, Tere wil hee improved pons for ‘thcvlg tc characer of a cn being diconintes The leave RQD uf the aoe of tock sounla THM escvsed tune! wil gency be tiger fan tht sun 2 Hated eel ‘Sing he cates st dst of cp! ins and Hee sso "Rae sins Yen el (109mg) swage eaten xr conse rea Oe ‘vine easily an purge, tee mapping al eal were rete thom of he Qoyaem puncte Sport ranveneas were preted on tha ba Dung ‘Srotnton sip dng we as ue yc etd ond. The genera pone inrec conto as the allel cavern dvnce foe sl to the mle ee Slay sft nthe st pres ad spon Mi eiced accor “Tne Qe hata bon inthe aes mine by a cel besa ef by inte limestone mines 5 oS m span ms FS. esac he guy oe Iimesove vr 3 le = 4 3846 — goa) In the grat jr ofthe di the gay was “go” (Q = 18 ~ 38). By comprng te alia wih Ihe porminentyunagped cas (Pip. lack cle) # was pole ‘cent saactry contin forte pet magn’ of he excavations. However eps. Sty appre rer beeper se opens cap (ESR 3-8, Tle 1). ‘hee wer in xt st can th mines hte fle ocd am he pila or wal. A nod mun ilar ino of he mice woe arene a econ, Rock Mas Requremens for Permanent Unsere scans Aa neonate of api forthe Qe ste moana ck mas haces soe fr safe operation of permanedy mapped pines. The elatosip between te Iwinan snsipord spun td the Ql Cory son in Fig. Detaled nay of he {Ralube ene eds ove th flowing regrets70 ROCK CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS FOR ENGINEERING PURPOSES ats or 7 Be cessBARTON ON OSYSTEM 7172 ROCK CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS FOR ENGINEERING PURPOSES, re ee74 ROCK CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS FOR ENGINEERING PURPOSESBARTON ON OSYSTEN 7576 ROCK CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS FOR ENGINEERING PURPOSES. ROCK MASS 3 TEMPORARY RECOMMENDEX SFSERITIN | SUPPERT.— SUPECRT TOTES oa wamiy po TORNEL_APPING — SUPPORT ROCALITY = wriuen, an FRme Ee etn FO. Som of dupa ig se ptm 160 hrc meBARTON ON QeverEM 77 SINAN NOV Rack MASS © TEMPORARY RECOMMEND Description | "SUPPORT "SUPPORT TES, ay ee eo oe ter sen stig (ETE TTURWEL_HAPPING = SUPPORT aa LOCALITY sa.neu ig pe swe OLE) sue Sf st SED SAAT a in aoe cone arn FO. 3b—mmp of ame! maple wine Qe) an TOM ie eae‘7B ROCK CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS FOR ENGINEERING PURPOSES. deere eee ere NOOULAR LIMESTONE AND SHALE 1 ooQUaToooN © tq {RV tn he VE ee a id ‘General requiemens for permanent anspor openings (i ts preferable har L819 10,1, 10.4, = 10, SRE 28 ce Tale 2 Condo euremens for pemanonlyunappered opening: 2. AF RQD «40, aed J, <2 Lady 9 wed, > 1S and RQD > 90 SI, = Loved J. <4 SRE> Teed > 15, SPAN > 10, ace. 9, SPAN © 20m aca, = 4nd SRE = 1 4 ‘The shrand n No.3 gies te feowng recommendations 3. Ace many a the jit ets U, ~ 9) the one ee joint oughness J) a es quien 10 roghpinr of smeath-andubieg J. = 13) and ere ees MOD = 90 (ie ‘cole, iting aunt and man-made openings indict hat very age umppered spars cone safely bat wld he ok asf suey high qi. Our ae records eerie spp man-made esoratons having spn fre 12 9 10 Amal of System Case Records Unity, 2 peal ur ofa closicaon mtd wil be pea o he value of fcr sien by he pe wih be cn ey hs te inte ease ents ed develop fhe steamed. In hs econ the charts 0 he 212 case Reads we aeop (een nmnlp by mem of ogres, Ths cert wr conerloenta Veet ose ‘See itswith he dt taco mht he wold jing of. exeme vale ese, Wh ‘ald inborn wai the iy af soit anpt omens ioprams ofthe pencil prime se cay te 212 eth we ne Qe te nen devloed. The fowing he smary sere he cee Vas and the mes ‘common rales of he various acts aetna nthe ase records ems Suppo Mato The large marty (180) of e212 case records Me upped exctaioes. Only 32 es ete peace Spy ng roe Spt olga 80 Yat ove ot Ses 0 OO) ery ey sand ck bak ince once of 2503 mack, padeARTONON OSYSTEM 79 ‘SPAN OR DIAMETER (i fi 1G. $n of na a ‘nmap ch nd wal ifs. Te peso form of stn te ae eats was wb, trconbiatns oes std hice, often mesh fare Oasnaly- exe contin: {hed forearm varies of spp eg. 9.8 on boson 0.9m ners gether ith ‘hem ong ot on ova 09m ces) nd secede ‘he cases sn rage fom umappone 1.2m wae ple ues unuppned 100 m wide nie caver (Fg), The dominant ane! dinerson (uno amet) were $010 Ins ea 10 18 ce), Excaatin fps ged fra exe ales of 18 1100 sient dy of he arson cae rom asec pots: conse) thee wero ceo re cvers wih pune ange of 1510 30 and al eis Sane ange of 301060, Depts xseaion depts ranged fom $6 2500, though st wee commonly in he rng 9 0 to a80 mThe Seadniin fs sted prederinaty By Cal's (1970) ee reves sen ie fi. 8. Now that tc ther cise eve cone mt of the dats on the dope sued ‘het, ling aero epee R00 “Te “ck qty desgnton” (ROD) ranged in 2 gute unico mse fom Op 1% ory ans Lyin heey poor” calguy (01 29%) and tice (9) ese i the eel cgay (90 100%), Number of Ses) ‘The mero ols 486 met comma the range of oe tps andor) wo septs tndom), Pv G2) eases te lt gp, Rad eae re jot et EXE Coc comited of mae, mjd ck sn completely ers, dered rok.180 ROCK CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS FOR ENGINEERING PURPOSES. EE) ea ‘ej ups aur mot common foun i th 212 case mor were LFS, sich fepeset sty lanu ough planar and soarandlting sites pctv. Estee vale onsite of dct jo in muse ok (1 cae) a ae se sora (17 een spel scm in aed sk wih ly lings The jit strain parameter mont commonly 2m the cme crs ws epee by he unr 1 (onlred or tavesbers), Ove huis! un dee (103) ence we nts ch However, oe tan cy (BD of he case crdenvoed clay mine Hing of Varo Kin thee ined twee (2) seal ocences. Thre (3) cae com eal ons, which ae Covi vey foe Tor SURAT and for Bake lw ‘Th jolt wale rduton ir derbi he degre of water inflow was sol bined io ‘te decton of "dy exons o mr tow (3 Link acl). Ego percent) ‘te cms flint cgay Twenty-four (2) aes adam flonase Of tings” J, = 040) Tose (3) caer wee eld oa inflow in sop root" of “onside oath fj lings," ce “eeeponaly igh inflow decseg wh time" Ge = Deo 039)BARTON ON CsveTEM 81 HO, Tiyan of een at. Sees Roce Fac (SRF) ‘he ses redness 16) las. These at iit fo bo ous {oy weses es causing sein all-out) rock sess pb in cmp) ‘curr (fnr of noms ol) anf sel choi fc ue 10 strap). Sevsayewe (73) nes fel impo mw cin lines ner the ck of bee ‘font. Thr cn be compared wah he sft wish ikon ste we ‘beds tang unt! an hin iayilings” ok lying, sling ly. Incr wor the maj of caus with th eit were lee a “wesw ame ang. Eon (1) eases wor lied as avrg rnd nese opel rk le, wi. anon smpesso eas nag pa stess) fke mere ange of 10 208, whih nitro igh oro ow “Thin (22) ues were se Raving ck es probs gp () with abs of «7, fs than 10. This Susie ssw i Fe. 7. The dts or hc toward trom the ase cords in which esa Seng dat ete species sre. Heer (1) te eases mere ound have snc its of he > 10, “The meat snd exe tls of Ue 9 at plated in Fig. 7c be smi! y te (sou be ted ta several of he cate eer wih se it ga as fe ‘re of hs pant elt 13016290 Pe) The rangs ed he xtone le ‘tos, plot in Pig 7 The acts eves irbing high ss. sings ck Sst poiem samt eny tent 20) Une th etene values oxen thi as ae{82 ROCK CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS FOR ENGNEERNG PURPOSES. ‘ROCK MASS QUALITY (a) aise [aver [ars [aes ralion [roe “Teo | SS" | SS rm | son 43 FO. tina of it fr a 27 en cd Te root rocks tactic the cases with popping, bing, or welturting ves elively sive ok. wih fe jolt ets ander wide Jom saci. Th mean ROD for Thee mes wan 91 (ane 701 TO, an hemes J, ale was 50 (0 Jt tring us anor), Dining ringed fr re wey paced see = 9) o mame it ck Scere oswelinepclems (runs 0 and i were cao in ol ie fe i reco aough 3 of ev eee wee tat ck inning sling cay och ‘nonce ovate ‘The we spectrum of ok mas quis ei bythe ase ead is sow 8 ‘As eapaced he muoiy of cars (70) fl inthe elegy "nen poor” = 0.1 10), "yoot"(Q = D104.“ (Q ~ 41010, and “good” (Q ™ 101 0). The mise pecan of secon zine ym anges gies of 0 extn gure {0 80 sey usted, masse a). ‘he dition of ok types resented nthe case rcs ean be suri a low ‘grcus rck (3 pe), tanec rick (6 gp) an edinetay ask type) Tate & ‘vis colt Pak othe ek pea the mmr of ct recor snes fh type The sates ae dot by rae (8) and pcs (2. However re a "rian mums ose rods inolig shit), a (3), pi 1) and amp (@) Sedimentary rock ar bel pool epee with oly 1 cesBARTONON OSYSTEM 83 TABLE 6 Freie of cen of ne end ae eds pms 1 Menor 1 Senay ‘sey aov cone) eau Giese ey ] aod seoiemce = a = = teat Sree i i Contam 1. Te amg ster of cae recs ized wo dep the Gayton etre tht rele sry trenton ae povided for «very wi ang tue sar. pes of exe, ‘bp anak mass quale. mss primer sch jot rupoes,arston, and Sesestaneh ais. so hat eee ‘ae eases em be ey seed 3 Squecring rans holy la of roles han inaegely ereseia in oil sa bs. Sweing, bing. and ek ting probe are reece saci mer ‘of ee eos for cable deteinatn of spp egies Geel ming Soeions fe crn wall pms, With 10 ete ce ae rng af Qasr. ety pe 0 40 0 'Fity edd ook pes ae represen te ase Ecos. Thr chancterss we unis in ach mane tha te indy ake by any ok type ail the ‘Sy thought topple. Aplin of the Q-sben 0 er ck per han he “rts inthe cae reors cn Be prfoed with sednse, povided tae my spi ‘orate of he now sk fe ae sony peed inh pre. A eke oat would be te sceptaiy waren by expat Wms. The eavonment epee Unde uel ems alnays te etl ens ‘The Quuom har enw for several years conncton with Norrie tol spponed wit ereitcel wicca, soley nr me at ply ‘eplcig lb icrsvemestenacd soteret, Vey po ek qtlies eweRs) eee184 ROCK CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS FOR ENGINEERING PURDOSES ‘as conte ccs re eng sccesil sappne by fie infor Shc ad Fok Dats Updating ofthe Qtr fr we In sours with acess os new Sener an erate ‘spp meh uaderay NG Biography a ef ey ct a es te aR et eget es Tice cape etamrona temaas orate itch Ech Ren Solin py the MSR Sen Bao Lat LR aL Apaon fe 23min Design Dees Conny Ba ees Mees ace renee fees ieee ees ee ee stage hw te i i ES ee a ag es hand ttn ocd suman Cong ck Msn, WR, Dee Cl ala 8p sec 2c emt tt i re mr Gs mu p ig eames cee eee eta Eos Sean ey ree est," “Colin of dk Bot horse Sap an ck Qu Pans a Sse oop tent a PE ae hee en Tega hittticog tO hl A ens ace Dae. UP, eB. 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