The differential amplifier is an amplifier that amplifies the difference between two voltages and rejects

the average or common mode value of the two voltages. It allows negative feedback which lowers the
amplifier’s distortion from the power amplifier’s output.

The differential amplifier has three modes of operation. The first one is the single-ended mode where one
input is ground, and the signal voltage is applied only to the other input. The second is the double-ended
or differential mode wherein the input signal at each input terminal causes signal to appear to both output
terminals. The last one is the common mode operation where the resultant output signal at each output
terminal would be zero if two in-phase and equal signals are applied.

The common mode rejection ratio indicates the capability of the device to reject a common-mode signal.
It is simply the ratio of the single-ended voltage gain (Avs) over the common mode gain (Avc). In this
experiment, the measured and theoretical values for the common mode rejection ratio was compared.
The measured CMRR was acquired from the ratio of the single-ended voltage gain (Avs) which was
calculated using the ratio of the measured VOUT2 and VIN1 and the common mode voltage gain (Avc)
which was also calculated using the ratio of the measured VOUT2 and VIN2. The theoretical CMRR was
also calculated, only this time using the ratio of single-ended voltage gain (Avs) and common mode voltage
gain (Avc) which are both obtained using the equations discussed.