Cement manufacturing parameters formulas

1. Introduction
- This short presentation to introduce the typical cement parameters used in the cement industry.
- In practice, the proportion of the main constituents of the clinker is calculated in the form of ratios, module
indices.
- These modules are the result of studies of many scientists on the Portland clinker formation and reaction me
- Are also known as quality control formulas.
- A small calculator is also available online.

2. Formulas
2.1. Hydraulic module (HM):
- The formula is:

- HM is generally comprised between 1,7 and 2,3.

2.2. Silica Ratio (SR):

- The formula is:

- SR is generally comprised between 1,5 and 5.

2.3. Alumina-Iron Ratio (A/F):

- The formula is:

- AR is generally comprised between 1,5 and 2,5.

2.4. Lime Saturation Factor (LSF):

- This module represents the ratio of the lime present in the mixture and the amount of lime which may be re
in the clinker.
- The formula is:

- LSF is generally comprised between 0,85 and 1.

2.5. Liquid Phase:

- When the clinker is burned at 1450°C, the percent liquid is given by the formula here below.
- The formula is:

2.6. Bogue equations:

- Bogue formulas are used worldwide to calculate the mineralogical composition of the clinker of Portland ce
- Formulas are below.
- Tricalcium Silicate (Alite):
- Dicalcium Silicate (Belite):

Tricalcium Aluminate:

Tetracalcium Aluminoferrite:

- The result is only an approximation.

2.7. Solid Solution (C4AF + C2F):

- The formula is:

2.8. Burnability Index (BI):

- BI gives an idea of the ease for burning a clinker.
- The formula is:

- BI is generally comprised between 2,6 and 4,5.

- Lower is BI and easier is for burning clinker.

2.9. Burnability Factor (BF):

- Another indicator to estimate the ease of burning the clinker.
- The formula is:
- BF is generally comprised between 100 and 130.
- A lower BF is better.

2.10
Na2O-equivalent:
.
- This indicator gives an idea of the Alkalis content in the cement (Na and K).
- The formula is:

- Alkalis in cement ranges between 0,2 to 1,5 % equivalent Na2O.