Money-free Into the Great Unknown Private Matters A New Look at Learning Just Animals? More than Machines?understanding text organization A Read the text. Underline the main idea in each paragraph. THE BEST at we most value—love, iignity, good conduct, pride, ‘rust friendship, care—does not come from money. If we were to try to use money to buy any ofthese things, most people would think we were crazy Imagine, for example, asking, “How ‘much do Lowe you for that?” after your first kiss. Those aspects of our lives that we really value are things that eanmot be priced and could not be sold: what makes them so valuable is precisely that they are beyond price. Poets do not weite for stock options. Good relationships do not need ingurance policies. Few people would ceare more for another person if there ‘were a bonus attached. ‘Not surprisingly, most utopias planned to do without money. Yet societies that do without money entirely invariably end up failing. Cities have done without money, but usually only under siege, when gold, ammunition, and, most of all, food becomes the currency. Pol Por’s Cambodia did without money. Closer to home, experiments such as time banks, which seek to use time [INGS IN LIFE ARE fas a currency, and local economic trading schemes are more talked about than used. in itself and what we put a price on are often inextricably linked. My wife and | fell in love over a series of lunches | ‘The trouble is that what we value in London restaurants—yet you will ‘ot find “falling in love" listed on the check, after the desserts, The paid-for meals were a vehicle for the expression of love, which is beyond price. The ‘value something has in itself is often “hidden” behind the entrance ticket ‘we buy to make it possible. The cover | price of a great book never captures its value. ‘The objects in our lives that we really value—the staf we cannot beat to throw away—mark out relationships that we value; a memento from @ vacation, a picture from a weddi toys kept from childhood. That is fone reason we are so fascinated and consumed by homes, because they sustain relationships. It is also why we pay to be part of huge social gatherings—festivals, carnivals sporting events: mass shows of emotion that give us a sense of being caught up in something more than ourselves. Adapted from vaw.newstatesman cs fs 5 3 Read the article in Exercise A again. Circle three examples in each paragraph that support the mai in € Read the article in Exercise A again. Circle T (true) or F (false) for each statement. @ount The author believes that certain things cannot be bought with money. In his opinion, societies should function without money. Ifyou cannot buy something, it becomes more special Love is found at home, but emotion is only found in crowds. cy soo wu cy 7Vocabulary: marketing Incentive monetary tigger. markup oe eo Credit Card Caution bby Jojo on August 7th at 9:35 p.m. Much as I enjoyed your recent article on credit people into serious (2) paying an added (6) Grammar: adverb phrases Match each type of adverb phrase with an oe yao Diving around town (1) . dropping the Kids off at school, or commuting to work costs a fortune, right? Maybe you fel tired, too, 2) 7'So why nat share 2 car? (3) CarPoo!, you can travel with someone! CarPool contacts you 4) whenever people are going places you want to go. And if you post ‘an outing (5) ____, people will pay you forthe ride! CarPoo! operates (6)__, from California to New York. $0 join now. With CarPool life is easy! subsidy dept.) Complete the ad with the words in the box. every now and then tonatifyyou by joining plete the forum comment with the correct form of the words in the box. 2 MoneyForum Dione ME vos Yucca) cards, | beg to differ. The credit card is freely handed out by banks es a(n) (1)_____ to spend money—money people don’t necessarily have. It can lead » which they cannot pay back. This harmlessooking piece of Plastic (3)__________ an |iresponsibie feeling in people. Many consumers do not even view it as ‘an object of (4) Yalue! For others, it serves as a kind of 6) in their mind the card reduces the cost—but it does the opposite. The high interest rates trick people into ‘on items they buy. Give these cards less credit! underlined example. time 2) Inorderto prevent fraud, the sites are often moderated. frequency b) A large amount of bartering is done on Internet sites. place ©) Freecycle™ has become more popular in recent times. manner 4) We use fewer of the Earth’s resources by sharing cars. purpose ©) These days, young people barter on a regular basis. day after day onoursite across the US.) vat Le® Vocabulary: describing used items ‘A Complete the tips for buying used items with the words In the box. up for grabs doesn't matter second-hand in good working condition drop off throw in 1 Ifthe price is too high, ask the seller to something free of charge. 2. Ask the seller to it = at your house if they're passing through your neighborhood. 3 It if you don’t like the color of the furniture. You can always have it repainted later. 4 Always check that the item is__ You can’t complain after the sale. 5 Ifsomething good is call quickly. It may not be available later. 6 Keep an eye out for items that have been used very litle. Watch out! CM throw init, es an added incentive. ¥ san added incentive B Complete the conversation with the phrases in Exercise A. Include it or them where appropriate. Yang: Hi, Joey. I'm calling about the (1) desk. I it still for sale? Joey: Yeah, itis. By the way, if you still want the chair that goes with it, I could (2) too. You know, as an added incentive. Yang: Wow! Thanks, that’s really nice. And another thing, Joey ... Is the desk lamp still @_ 2 Vd like that, too. Is it (4) ? Joey: Yeah, no one bought it. And it works fine. But I'm asking $10 for that, ‘Yang: Oh, Isee. Maybe I'll leave it, then. Joey: It) Someone will buy it. So, you're taking two things, right? Would you like me to (6) at your house? Yang: Oh, Id really appreciate that. I don’t have any transportation yet, you see. ® Communication strategy: making and changing appointments A Decide when we use these phrases. Check the phrases that are only used for changing an existing appointment. Something came up. 4 Ll canwe reschedule? 2 LI What day works best foryour 5 L] Are you free at six? Ym busy all day Sunday. 6 J Sorry for the inconvenience. @ omaComplete the conversations with the phrases from Exercise A. Clare: Hi, Mike, it's Clare. Can we set up a time for me to drop off the second-hand bed? Mike: No problem. (1) Clare: Well, Sunday is probably best for me. @ 2 Mike: No, not then, sorry. But I can make it at seven. Omar: Hi, Alan. I'm sorry, but (ea Senet ee Ican’t make it on Tuesday, either. How about Thursday? That sounds good. Let’s do that. @ Alan. Alan: It doesn’t matter at all. Don’t mention it Alas Omar: Diane: Hey, Hiromi. It's Diane. I'm really sorry, but I can’t make it at seven tonight. Gee EE Hiromi: Sure we can. How about Sunday evening? Are you still free then? Diane: Sorry, but no. (ES See Tcan do any time on Monday, though. Hiromi: Monday's fine. Come over at any time after seven. Grammar: count/noncount nouns with a change in meaning Write C (count) or NC (noncount) for each word in bold. Vegetarians don’t eat meat. 3 Money is made of paper. ____ Id like a sandwich, please. 4 ___ Ifyou buy a pizza, they throw in the second one for free. Check the sentences that are correct. Underline and correct the mistakes. A: [d like a pizza with ham, please. Oh, and water. awater B: Sorry. We don’t have a pizza today. We ran out. A: [forgot to get paper. Do you mind going to the newsstand? B: OK. But then I need to go to that market that sells fish, ‘A: Waiter, I'm sorry. I've just knocked over glass. B: There's a glass everywhere! I hope no one has an accident. A: The markup on soda is crazy. That's no incentive to buy it! B: [know. 've had an experience of selling soft drinks. ‘A: [can’t drop it off now. There’s been change in my plans. B: It doesn’t matter. Do you have a time to do it on Friday? A: Bills trigger fear in people, even when they're notin debt! B; It’s true. I've always had fear of monetary issues.A Read the article. Make inferences. 1. MacDonald had high expectations of achieving his dream. = TF 2. The Internet played a key role in his initial success. 3. He considers his bartering experiment eccent eco 999 Do you, lke me, have a drawer eomewhere at home stuffed full of assorted bits of junk that you've convinced yourself might come in handy some day? If so, the story ‘of Canadian internet entrepreneur Kyle MacDonald may inspite you to take a cioser look at what lurks among the abandoned screvis, lonely rubber bands, and tailends of balls of sting, Last July, the 26-year-old former backpacker embarked on what seemed at the time an absurd and impossioie quest—to trade a single red paver clip for a house Advertising this virtually worthless piece of stationery ton the Internet, he succeeded in swapping it for a succession of bigger and better things until this week— rine months and ten trades later—ne announced that his most recent deal indeed secured him a property, a ‘one-bedroom bungalow in Phoenix, Arizona This is all ne more remarkable given that MacDonald intended the whote thing to be ‘lust a bit offun," The unspectacular nature of his first trade suggested that he might have a long time to wait. His frst offer was a pen in the shape of a fish, which two vegans from Vancouver had discovered on a camping trip. "Being vegans, | guess they wanted very litle to do with a fish, said MacDonald. “I had never traded a paper clip with a vegan before, let alone twa, so | figured, let's do this, The fish-shaped pen was soon traded for a doorknob featuring a smiley face and the doorknob, in turn, for an ‘outdoor stove. Next came a gonarator, and then a party ack of beer plus a keg As news of the Web site spread, MacDonald found himself having to choose from ameng hundreds of offers for each item he advertised, but he says their monetary value was irrelevant. “I only dealt wth people @ toes le T (true) or F (false). POLITICS I've Swapped my Paper Clip for a House ... BUSINESS liked the sound of, or who seemed to genuinely ‘support the idea of the Web site. His dreams of home ownership took a leap forward | when, in exchange for the party pack of beer, @ local radio celebrity offered MacDonald a snowmobile, Then, during an appearance on Canadian national television, he jokingly mentioned that he would ravel anywhere in the world 10 do a deal, except for the unappealing-sounding town of Yahk in British, Columbia. This prompted a viewer to offer him a | trip to Yahk, which he managed to exchange for a truck, which he then traded for 30 hours ina Toronto | recording studio. Next came the final link in the | ‘chain—at least so far. An up-and-coming young singer offered MacDoneld a year's lease on her home | in Phoenix in exchange for the studio time. No one is more surprised by this success than the disarmingly down-to-earth MacDonald himself. "Its ‘extremely unexpected. People might regard it as an ‘eccentric way to spend your time, but remember that before money was invented, people bartered for centuries. Adapted from www:telegraph.co.ukMatch these words from the first paragraph of the article in Exercise A with their meaning. 1 stuffed a) be useful ina particular situation 2 come in handy b) the very last part of something, 3 lurk ©) filled to the point of bursting, 4 tail-end 4) to wait, sometimes hiding, to frighten someone 1¢ GB) Listen to the lecture. Complete the summary below. ‘Counter trading is (1) « new | an old form of carrying out business. It is a simultaneous two-way swap, usually Involving goods and (2) services / money. Counter traders may exchange items that they need, or items that they sean sell (3) on / back later. Two important principles of counter trading are creativity and a“win-win” solution {ic, both parties receive items of equal (4) monetary | perceived value). Specific reasons for counter trading include: making a profit, settling debts, and preserving cash in (5) good / bad economic times. Explain whether MacDonald's trading quest in Exercise A was eccentric or absurd, or whether it was in fact an example of creative counter trading. Use examples from the article in Exercise A and the recording in Exercise C. Summary Ce ‘order to trade from a paperclip to a house, MacDonald By trading items of pereeived equal valve, aking Plus When you were a child, what kinds of things did you swap with your Do you know anyone who swaps things to build up collections? wns @)Complete the podcast with the words and phrases in the box. (2) Gramma A @® Vocabulary: space inomit gravity docked crew shuttle. float) Listen now “This week, Extreme Travel takes 2 look at space tourism, which could be a very real possibility by 2012. At a cost of $4.4 milion each, tourists will soon be able to enjoy a four:nightallnclusive break in a floating space station, James Hancock has been researching this exciting new type of ‘weekend break’ and has more details.” In 2012, space tourism will take off! Tourists will spend four nights in a space station with an experienced (4) of astronauts, They will be transferred to space in a billion-dollar (2) _____, which will then be @ to the space station. While (4) n the tourists will circle the world every 90 minutes and see 15 sunsets daily. Although there is no (5) in space, the tourists won't © They will wear Velero® sults which stick to the: walls oftheir pod rooms. a : future passive For each sentence, write P if the action is possible or D if the action is definite. Then underline the phrases which tell us who will carry out the action, where possible. More people could be accommodated in the floating hotel in the future. __ The plans to launch the first guests in 2012, but critics say it may be delayed. ‘Tourists will be taken to space by an expert team of astronauts. In 15 years, these kinds of trips might be seen as normal by your children. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in parentheses, Space tourists (will/give) a training course. The course (will/hold) on a tropical island. Tourists (willfexpect) to attend for eight weeks. Critics say the launch date (mightichange). Trips (mayloffer) by competitors soon. Ifthis happens, the price _ (couldfbring down). Space travel (may/make) accessible to everyone in the future. In 50 years, space travel (couldsee) as standard.Check the sentences that are correct. Rewrite the incorrect sentences using the future passive. | ‘Tourists could be charge up to $4.4 million for a total of three nights in space! eee eae) Sa | | | | ‘The speed of the orbiting hotel means they will be seen 15 sunsets a day. Tourists will be made to undertake a training course before going to space. If the four-day space trips become popular, the price could reduce eventually The Velcro® suits might replace by more sophisticated spacesuits someday. Vocabulary: negative prefixes in- and im- Complete each word with the negative prefix in- or im-. conceivable 5 ___ capable possible 6 ___probable patient 7 __sufficient finite 8 __credible ‘Complete each sentence with a negative adjective from Exercise A, Astroscientists are ___ of knowing where an asteroid will land while it’s in orbit because they have information. Paying billions of dollars for a shuttle is - It’s such a large sum of money ‘that I can’t even picture how much it is in real terms, think it’s highly that the Earth ill be struck by an asteroid. [ mean, there are an. number of places it could go. jumans have achieved many impressive things, but ere are some things we just can’t do, for example, nin space! It’s totally 3 station provides the shuttle with a place go and the shutlle resupplies the station. s hhow we have ‘organized space exploration! juman beings are so ey re desperate to understand gravity, the solar tem, planets ... But everything will be vealed to us in time.Listen to four people from different places discussing space tourism. Number the places in the order in which you hear them. the US. the UK. Germany Latin America ‘The speaker says that ... a) there are infinite ways to enjoy life on Earth. b) their lifetime dream will soon be achieved. ©) attrip is improbable, but winning the lottery would help. 4) the family watches eclipses and other events from Earth. Listen again and match the main ideas to the correct speakers. Speaker Speaker Speaker Speaker __ ©) the price of a space trip is completely immoral. £) they'll be transported to the hotel by shuttle. Speaker __ Speaker _ ® Gramma ‘A Match to make complete sentences. : conditional conjunctions Astronauts must not be tall a) space exploration will continue. Journalists can be part of a crew, b) you should not even apply for the job! ‘As long as people finance missions, ©) in case an emergency happens in orbit. 4 Unless you can cope with zero-gravi 4) since shuttles have limited space. 5 Astronauts learn to fix malfunctions @) robots are used instead of humans 6 Since much of the work is dangerous, f) provided that they receive proper training. AC Unless you haven't been to space, itis hard to appreciate the beauty of it. v to space, it is hard to appreciate the beauty of it B Read the factsheet about astronauts. eve 999 2 Astronauts 4-2 Inthe 19505, anyone could app to be an astronaut (1) since / provided that they had flight experience and engineering training. But by 1962, astronaut had no hope of applying (2) as long as /unkess they had excellant academic qualifications, too. In fact, (2);n case fas long as you had 2 good educational background, you could apply to be an astronaut without any flying experience, Nowadays, however, candidates have to underao rigorous physical tests, Their eyes are tested, too, (dn case / since they have poor vision, Strict psychological tests are also carried out (5) since / unless working in the confined Space ofa shuttle is considered highly stressful. (6) Unless / Provided that you pass all | ircle the correct answers. qa factshee the tests, you then train for months before joining a mission crow. Information source: nttp://spacetight.nasa.gov(6) Writing: outlining ‘A Write the notes next to the correct paragraph heading in the assignment outline. aspects of being an astronaut Chiléren—and edults—dream of Present some of the positive | becoming astronauts. Mention why. | I believe the effort is worth it. ‘Summarize main reason for my opinion. ‘Analyze some of the less appealing sides of the job, including training, 1S IT WORTH UNDERTAKING YEARS OF TRAINING AND TESTS IN ORDER TO BECOME AN ASTRONAUT? Paragraph 1 Introduction: Paragraph 2 Advantages: Paragraph 3 Paragraph # Conclusion: Write each point below in the correct paragraph in Exercise A. ‘A major drenback is the number of yeers spent undergoing intense training Despite the rigorous tests and training involved, overall | believe ‘The opportunity to explore space and float in zereravty must be incredible. Ask any young child what they want to be when they grow up Since a shuttle has limited space, you would be under psychological stress. Provided that you enjoy 6 challenge, the work would be tremendously exciting. Add one more advantage and one more disadvantage to Paragraphs 2 and 3 in Exercise A.aa Unit 2 AR fead the newspaper article on space exploration. Check the best title. LJ What Led to the Decline of Space? A Up to Mars One Step at aTime i ‘The Catastrophic Effects of Asteroids sun willbe blocked out, and all ama ‘Surely the public will be he spectacular 1969 moon landing | iby Neil Armstrong, "Buz2” Aldrin. and their crew was atrve milestone im tistory, Iwas nde “a small te fr [ah | tite wit ie | fascinated to know more? | ctr iis notte job of space exons isfy the publi’s curiosity. Butitis 4 | | SEAM | ticie aury to understand the future of watched it on television, Over the Mex! | ran, a great leap for mankind.” 10 QB0t® vanmarong—aday which wil eve" DS | ine planets, and asteroids pose a nuge | threat to Planet Barth, After all, asteroids tue considered tobe the reason Fore nore Apolo missions © aetineton of dinosaurs 65 million Yeats ‘as inconceivable asthe first. | ago, Caren, sccastave insu Sally forall he fanfare hat accompa! * trmation about asteroids to predict the feats of 1969-1972, public interest | either their paths oF their impact. Since rahe sanen has waned. The Shut as | TRS ae infnte numberof reasons | vey ca be In orbit fox YS Title is Mn tmee 385 miles in that zion | WAY wate ould explore asteroids | Known about how te calculate precisely | arama plats in rbiaroun eso, | AEE they will an and | One rease orgouen bythe milion of views who three years, the world witnessed fIVE | the moon, cach ‘ince 1972. Allaissons tothe 00m fon hod due to insoicientfundin is will be speat | asteroid ev ‘considered to contain gold, silver Zine. | if astronauts sent ‘up a crew to investigate vind osher valuable types oF metal all | hem, Asteroids are KNOWN so have slight he space ofa few kilometers. Could | gravity els, wich meat that the snvestigation would not aced expensive | dna erate or even sophisticated vvavolves money. THE first | A significant advancement in OM er discovered, 433 Eros, iS | understanding of asteroids could be made hat tle Funding th ‘on Mars. But even missions 10 Mass will for financial be carried out in st reasons. The “great Ie cra has been replaced by a“step-by-sie” | rap for mankind” | int the wealth from asteroids help towards rowed landing on Mars inter funding the approach, shuttles. The erew could carry out this century? | sportantly, they nology and eapability since the tech or a system enabling a crew to land ‘on Mars is eurrently too costly to develop, proponents of the step-Dy we need to | there rot cape our imagination Infact the | as already raised public anerest | the } space explorers have largely fgnored | detated surveys, tm | are anon pmprbcce ies | conld te he ES dneover ow to deflect asco if hey a OF jungerous path. NASA has already “usgested that Inuncing a socket wile | tack the tril ofthe moon or Mars Bat | ze no reason why asteroids should | step approach argue t focus onthe exproration of intermediate steroid is til far away and break media hi destinations closer to home, The most cacao un fun cobinn cL COANE TS | cup in the ar with an ator bomb coud ‘ofan asteroid hitting the Earth, Countless | change its dicection. Clearly advances i ‘including: | asteroid exploration represent 2 Feat probable scenario the exploration of near-Earth asteroids predictions have been made, Does this mean the end of more “Brea yi be struck by 2 irc Tcopetoc maakina”? Novnecesay | WEEATL al, the | Teap for mankind:Read the article in Exercise A again. What are the reasons given for adopting a step-by-step approach to Mars? Circle T (true) or F (false) for each statement. It gives us time to find the money to build a landing system on Mars. The exploration of Mars is not yet supported by the general public. There will be time to find international teams to share the cost of Mars. The necessary technology for Mars is too expensive to develop right now. The article in Exercise A states that “there are excellent reasons to commit astronauts to the exploration of near-Earth asteroids.” Write two reasons in your own words. GB) tisten to the radio interview about aliens. What does the scientist understand by “aliens”? Why might they exist? Take notes. Listen to the end of the interview again. What happened in 1492 when Christopher Columbus wanted to explore the New World? Check the correct answer. People were incapable of funding him, so he paid for the trip himself. People were reluctant to fund him, but eventually someone paid. People were reluctant to fund him, so he was not able to make the trip. Which is more worthy of funding—the exploration of space or the search for extraterrestrial life? Use information from the article in Exercise A and the radio show in Exercise D, as well as your own Ideas, to write your argument. Before you start writing, create an outline of your work. Summary [EB tnacpondont speaking Plus Describe some new discoveries humans have made over the centuries, both on Earth and in space. Which ones were the most important, in your opinion? aD unite Gs)uni 6) ane Readi ® fing: understanding text organization ate Matters A Re ‘ead the article and answer the questions. 1. Who is im Who is invading our privacy? 2. How are they doing this? Is this the death of privacy? privacy decisions | And then he implications for people's online reputations: Ne should iowa Fine in the sand now. Otherwise, as al be complicit in hastening this new vision for the Internet: ORE 19 mevich every embarrassing photo and Beery indisereet remark Cneludin sree ve thought we'd mae PHVA rvong fiends) become permanently Tharing information online Via | that respect mY cocial networks is without dout | permanently. soci ex develope | Remembet ee network that Speier Century. We can interact | uses Gate verses are already oe are with friends a the click of 4 | ee ep” ad sed OMY BS se other | Ian an zee PO at moat ee otf worcses| mine YOU) eo emee soci aes, our privacy on social | ads usefy’, Er Memosraphieally our wakes ceintrng ved: Waly | aged aver the start. IF memati pr bemtodede | weresh 2084 SS emcarel | ately atable. And they"ll Be ‘phar [choose co do with ry PHVate | ofourdatais rable to others, there ‘searchable, 100. information | cee notiting om tose whe want | We A ‘rived at @ point in the er pee ete waver ovvpes If [O00 Ou aout you | reer history where we have upload a private photo and lick “for | decide whether we cate about our {aoa ye lary sean OT | guArING | Prvacy and security or nol. If We friends. But social pevworks repeatedly | ——_— | capitulate now, we ean look Forward: rege their privacy settings. OP | | fer foture in which Out persona | 10 mation, our contact details, and ceeron, they change users previously | oo oeat aetings back 0 public. The a |r is nd er ae ea gah ats oP | red ar ge for camanin fs now available to the world ‘and out | —- | mine for profit and for other Internet ‘decision was disrespected: Sorry. bat oo | users to abuse. Jr's up {0 Us- ‘Adapted from: www.telegraph.co.uk B Read the article in Exercis Pa ae dase aaah cause in the table bs se In paragraphs yelow. iphs 2-4, Then 1 | Introduction: It a = 1S our right (not the ‘our right (not the networ [a2 acs work's) to decide who sees what. | 3 | Effect: is Effect: eee = - - Conclusion: a summary of the main points and a call to action as i ll to acti2) Vocabulary: privacy “ complete the conversation with the correct form of the words and phrases in the box. =~ compile data access to Invade your privacy database suveliance_) i: The police are always (1) these days. You can’t even walk down the street without a (2) ‘camera watching you. latie: Oh, I don’t mind! Cameras make me feel safe. Without (3) the camera footage, the police couldn’t catch criminals. Luigi: ‘rue, but | still don’t like it. The police are probably (4) a detailed profile on us right this minute, and we don’t know about Luigi, potice (5) are for storing information about criminals and suspects. I doubt they have any (6) on you or me! Write the sentences in the correct order. Add commas if necessary. too / personal / us / consider / many / our / secure / information / of at when / virus / me / database / fool / Pieter /a / called / my / destroyed / a When a swe / life / thieves / to / giving / by / data { make / them / access | easy / for We make footage / pickpocket / surveillance / the / proved | from / her / a / camera Footage from She described him an fionest man. She described him Rewrite each sentence using the correct form of the verb in parentheses and a subject + verb + object + adjective/noun structure. Many celebrities feel frustrated when a reporter takes a picture of them unexpectedly. (fina) In fact, they often feel really angry about this. (make) Often, celebrities say that reporters are rude for invading their privacy. (call) Personally, I think this is strange because they choose to be famous. = a 2 (consider) Tbelieve that celebrities are the main problem (ee) Aiter all, they shouldn’t make their lives so public. 3) Grammar: object complements ees (keep) wns @)@ Vocabulary: phrasal verbs ‘A Match the phrasal verbs with expressions they are commonly used with. | | 1 take out a) a debt, a phone bill 2 runup b) a story, a lie |e oe | 4 make up 4) about the burglary, who stole my card 5 hackinto ©) aloan,a mortgage 6 sort out ) a database, a computer account B Complete the story using the phrasal verbs from Exercise A in the correct form. 1 iy FIRST PERSON: IDENT! THEFT HAPPENED TO ME acredie card, cn [frst (1) 4 2 W Tdidie consider safety very important. Once I paid my bill ina restaurant and didnit even notie char the waiter took: amy card to another room. He (2) _________—— rome excuse about having to call the credit card company. A month later, I received a call ftom the bank saying hac! @) ___ a huge debe. But for possible! The bank told me they would o the problem, When I 4 what had happened, Twas 6) fhat had happ shocked. The waiter had made a copy of my card! Nowadays, 1 keep everything safe, and I never pay online for anything, in case someone (6) sy computer ‘Oh, and I never fee my card out of my sight! [es a common trick, you know: ® Grammar: transferred negation and negative short answers ‘A Check the correct negative short answers. More than one answer is possible. 1 a LJ idort feel so. 4 a) LJ raow't hope so. 6) eet not. 1b) thope not. 2 aL] idow't expect so. 8 a) LI tdon't suspect so. by) LI texpect not. LL tsuspect not. 3 a) LJ 1aon't suppose so. 6 a) LJ tdon'tbetieve so. by J t suppose not. pL] relieve not,Read the online conversation. Write sentences with transferred negation or negative short forms using the prompts in parentheses. e Eafier messages: 1 day | Tweck | 2wesks | Tmonth | Smonths | Smonts | Tyear_ |All Drake suvemi0 1288 Do your teenage kids spend a lat of time alone in their ocms, Mo? Mo: swvivenio) 8 ‘Althotme! (1) agin! theres anthing | can do about ft, though Dura: sino No, 2) Wovess, But Usuppase/ne kai) Mo: a sono 308! (h, | thnk they do! Our docter sid teenagers need ter privacy. He sad (4). on otal bofhedaybnn nemo ay eet De om Ea Dura: ‘Hiiianio vas Wel, (6) (hope) my son's pees! (6) eS (Uti Vuderstana a inl thing hoy tak abot Me: . ‘eno 807 ope not, Dura, because that's the point They want privacy Watch outl XC 1 don't suppose they ares | don't suppo: 6) Communication strategy: managing and participating in a group discussion Match the sentence halves. Why don’t we begin by a) anything from Omar on the subject. Sorry to stop you, but maybe ) is whether privacy is a luxury. al Does anyone want to add ©) we should focus on the topic at hand. The next point for discussion 4) discussing the importance of privacy? Idon’t think we've heard. ©) but haven't we just talked about the rich? L apologize for interrupting, anything else before we move on? Write the number of each sentence in Exercise A next to its use. 2___ interrupting politely keeping the discussion moving inviting contributions {BB Listen to three extracts from a group debate. Write another expression from the recording next to each use in Exercise B.A Where do you think ou tink people are more woried : the U.S. or in Europe? Read the article and oe eee neces a Differing attitudes toward privacy in the U.S. and Europe iven the many economic, cultural, and social similarities between Europe and the U.S. it may rote as a surprise to learn that there is a huge cifference between these two places when it comes to the {question of personal data protection nthe US. privacy is simply an economic and consumer issue; for Europeans tis Considered a fundamental right tobe protected and upheld. tm Europa, data protection is controled by a set of principles that both businesses and the government are required to comply wit. Businesses are prevented from buying and selling personal information without the consent ofthe individual. European ctizens tend automatically tobe ‘uepcious ofgving out personal information and will oten ‘want ta know why itis being requested. By contrast, Americans put up much less resistance when ft tomes to companies hancling their personal data although they are mistrust of itending up in the government's hands Data such as tax records and mortgage information are widely available to the public and businesses are free 10 tallect and sell information about ther customers as they swish. there ae ever any debates over data, these tend to telate to individual violations of privacy. if you go into stores in the US. and Europe, the effect of ese dferences is apparent. In some European countries, certain data such as ZIP codes and phone numbers can only be requested if the customer is paying by card, and Information can only be kept ifthere i @ specific reason tO do so, Other European countries require employees who handle personal and very sensitive data to sign 2 strict ‘agreement preventing them from passing it on- Yetin the US, customers seem relaxed about giving UP their persona information in stores and rarely question ‘hat will happen to their data as a result, American ‘companies Keep personal data as a matter of course and routinely make money selling it on to third parties. Itis imteresting to note, however, that despite the strict laws, if companies in Europe do break these rules, they are unlikely to be punished severely Indeed, it appears de if requlators ate almost unable to enforce these laws Businesses that are too free and easy with their customers! ddata tend to be dealt with informally, rather than taken to court and fined, So even with these differences in atiudes, it seems that ‘ne thing is similar between Europe and the US—itis becoming more and more difficult for them to control what is being kept private and what our private data is being used for m : DECEMBER 107How is private data viewed—and handled—in the US. and in Europe? Make notes of the main differences in your notebook. Read the article in Exercise A again. Number these details in the order they appear. ____ Despite the fact that the laws in Europe are strict, they are rarely enforced. ) ___ In parts of Europe, salespeople can only ask their customers for their ZIP codes in certain situations. A set of laws exists in Europe both for companies and the government. Privacy of data in the USS. is discussed on a case-by-case basi In the US, people trust companies with their data more than the government. EB tisten to the conversation. Who argues each of these points? Write A (Amara), Deb (Debbie), J (Jason), or D (Dinh). More than one answer could be possible. Selling data allows companies to target their advertising, No matter what precautions we take, people hack into accounts. A disadvantage of selling data is identity theft. pees, ‘Access to public information empowers the consumer. Profits and commerce are as important as privacy. Profits made from selling other people's data is like stealing. In your opinion, what are the advantages and the disadvantages of the American and the European concept of privacy? Which one do you relate to more? Explain why, using the information from Exercises A and D. Summary [ii independent Speaking Plus How do you feel about the privacy issues below? What other aspects of your life should we keep private? Explain your points of view. ‘Technology that takes pictures of your home at street level b) Identity cards@® Vocabulary: verb collocations ‘A Match each verb with a list of typical collocations. 1 drop out of a) choices/classes/alternatives 2 set b) account/consideration 3 be faced with ©) aclass/a group/college 4 take into 4d) a degreefinto debt/a chance 5 get ©) problems/distractions/peer pressure 6 offera broad range of ) goals/a date/a schedule B Complete the ad with the correct form of phrases from Exercise A. eve ga Now (4) 6). i) And we (@) @ Grammar: reflexive pronouns A Match each reflexive pronoun structure with its meaning. 1_ verb + direct object + (by) + reflexive pronoun, e.g. I like to set goals myself. 2. verb + reflexive pronoun, e.g,, He hurt himself. OR verb + preposition + reflexive pronoun, e.g, She thinks for herself. 3. verb + by + reflexive pronoun, e.g, enjoy spending time by myself @ wns second time, my parents were furious. | don’t blame them. Afterall, they (2) the problem of paying my tuition fees. But | thought | had ruined my chances forever of (3) a college degree until | discovered online learning with Axford College. And it tally works for me! the distractions | had on campus—or large tuition fees! Axford College (6) online classes, so there are options for everyone, The classes 2 college for the my own goals and | not ur different learning styles ___ account, so that they work for you! the chance to talkto a tutor once a week. So, if on-campus college is not for you, try online learning with Axford College. It's great! 9 a) tomean alone »b) to emphasize that someone does something without help ©) toiindicate that an action is done by the same person who receives the actionB Circle the correct option in each sentence. If 'm short of time, Iset a schedule for me / myself Before the examination, we practiced timing us | we / ourselves. Ican‘timagine him / himself | he working in IT, He's not that into computers, Many people convince themselves | them / they that it’s easier to study online. ‘The question is, what kind of future do we want for us / ourselves? eee The best way to keep you | yourself on target isto set goals each day. Complete the e-mail with you, yourself, by yourself, and for yourself. There is more than one possible answer for some blanks. Dear Luis, You asked me about getting a degree aniine. Well, here's my opinion, for what its worth .. Studying conine is a fast-growing trend, but it's not the “easy option,” as many people believe. It works wellif you're good at disciplining (1)___________and setting goals (2)_ Its also great if you can make (3)__________facus en the task without getting easily cistracted. But it can work against (4) I you don't Ike spenging time ©), fr you think you might drop aut because no one is around to set deadlines for (6)__ or keep an eye on (7) then avoid itt all costs, -) Here's my advice to (8) ask (9) honestly— ‘can | cope alone? Ifthe answer is yes. thon go for it! But remember, you have to make this decision (10)___—no one else can make it for you! katy Listening: understanding non-native English speakers as A (BB) Listen to four speakers from different places. Number them in order from 4 (the most dificult to understand) to 4 (the easiest to understand). _— Speaker 1 (German) ___ Speaker 3 (Middle Eastern) ___ Speaker 2(Latin American) Speaker 4 (Brazilian) B Write the number of the two speakers from Exercise A who were the most difficult to understand. Then match to one or more reasons why it was hard to understand them. Speaker a) has a strong native language accent Speaker ) uses unfamiliar pronunciation of certain sounds ©) uses unfamiliar stress and/or intonation pattern 4) speaks very quickly/slowly ¢ i) Listen again to the four speakers from Exercise A. Choose the correct answer. 1. They diseuss changes in higher education only / all levels of education. 2 Some | All ofthe speakers feel that adapting Western education to their own culture is important. 3. Not everyone | Everyone agrees that the changes are working well. vats @)@ Grammar: mixed conditionals A Choose the correct meaning of each sentence, 1 If [had better IT skills, [probably would have gotten a better job. a) Ihave good IT skills, but I didn’t get a very good job. b) Ididn’t get a very good job because I don’t have good IT skills. 2. Iwould be unemployed now if Thadn‘t studied IT. a) Ihave a job now because I studied IT. »b) Idon’t have a job now because I didn't study IT. Watch out! XC IF would have paid more attention in, | would know more now. v ‘more attention in 71 would know more now, B Complete the sentences using would, wouldn't, had, or hadn't. 1 Ifyou taken this job, where would you be working now? 2 If we had studied harder in college, we 3 My English would be better if my teacher have well-paid jobs now. used a better methodology. 4 If Thad studied engineering, I need to take a course in it now. BI be more eligible as a manager if chosen business studies. 6 lfwe _ wasted time in computer class, we would know how to use this computer program. © Read the conversation below. Complete the sentences using mixed conditionals and the verbs in parentheses. Zara: Did you read that article about overseas students? It says they used to like studying in the UK, but now they prefer the U.S. because we're friendlier! Lucho: Well, we are! But we haven't invested in state-of-the-art equipment. Many overseas students prefer Australia now because it has invested in facilites Zara: That's bad. We've lost a lot of overseas students because we don’t invest. Lucho: We overcharge, too! And we haven't promoted ourselves like other places. 1 Ifthe UK had been friendlier, more overseas students (study) there today. 2 Australia wouldn't attract overseas students if it po Sennen etre invest) in facilities. 3. lithe US. didn’t overcharge, it wouldn't (lose) a lot of overseas students. 4 Ifother places (promote) themselves, they wouldn’t be so popular. 5 Ifthe US, had promoted itself, more overseas students (stay). 6 Overseas students __ (prefer) to study in the U.S. if it had invested in equipment. Unit 4® Vocabulary: words related to stand —— ‘Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the words and phrases in the box. where something/someone stands standing stand out _—_ stand back stand chance standard outstanding _it stands to reason Z 1A degree from a college of high used to guarantee you a good job. 2. People who attended poor colleges didn’t of getting a good job. 3 that if you had gone to a good college, you'd be better educated. 4 From companies just a few years ago, a degree was enough to guarantee a graduate job. 5 Nowadays, in hiring have changed. Employers want more. 6 Candidates more if they have writing and management skills. 7 The best—or most candidates—are those with soft skills” 8 Don't in interviews! Be proactive and show those soft skills! Writing: punctuation with connectors —— A Read the public's comments in response to an online article about falling educational standards. Underline two connectors in each post, ese Gd—D 5 The Darly Opinion AID INESS__ TECHNOLOGY SCIENCE AaIS___UFESTIE OPINION Failing standards, failing nation oy dave Lemon: Read article ‘ READERS’ COMMENTS | R. Shaw, Boston, 9:30 a.m, Because the young ee more intrested inte feof Paris Hiton and othe stars they don't care about important ssues enymare. In ation, thelr parents dont care! 11999, Osoka, :41a.m ‘Although you'e right to say students could help themselves more its unfairto blame them since the cost of geting degre is huge. I had giten so expensive, more people woul study. jimmy, Adelaide, 10.07 am, lage with most of your points, however, has it occurred to you that the mecla might also be to blame? | found the punctuation mistakes in your ace, Before you citicae Students’ speling raise your avn standards! mmariemare, Nice, 11:44 a.m, They ay “Today's young are tomorow’ leaders; Therefore it stands o reason thet today’s patents ae the parets of tomorow’ leaders. You blame the young but mayve you should stand back from the situation anc tke a god look et today's parents! _sreaeciamstcioa nt ntnieracaettnrsaeeeenecwaaencimaneteettetnc i ANTE i B Find and correct six punctuation mistakes in Exercise A. Rewrite them below.26 A Read the online blog and answer the question. What is the author's main purpose? a) to tell us about language-learning sites b) to tell us how to study Spanish online ev3o ga Home | News | Science | Technology I Environment | Politics | Sport DENIS TTT eee MoU WET aa oM pacts Te Leelee by LanguageMam6s I stat wth something that catches my aye podcast in Spanish. Within 10 minutes, I've downloaded a podcast about Mexico's greatest artists and 'm listening to my MP3 payer in foreign language with relative eae. When | have a problem, I check the teanscrit that accompanist. Vy useful indeed {Later | iston to it again inthe car an my way home and conclude that this isa perfect way ro improve my listening. 1 can listen to the materials in my own time, at my own pace, and anyu/ere (vel, almost,’ more flexible than in dss and ideal for types ike me, wo want to stn many times over, Upliteby my intial success with the podcast, decide to practice my rusty written Spanish using a mare interactive ype ‘FCM [computer mediated communication] As I ook int the broad rage of CMCs on offer two stand out as interesting: 2 chatroom anda bulletin board, Both are fee of charge and designe fr leamer of Spanish Sadly | don't stand a chance inthe chat oom. The other chatter write so quickly | drop out inno time. | suspect chat coms are better for advanced students, but beginners need mote teacher support. No problem, Neither the computer nor the World Wide ‘Web is designed to replace instructors. Teachers and technology should work in conjunction forbes ests So Ist some problems encountered inthe chatroom and prepare to ask my teacher for help in my next class’ no surprise that “blended laring,” a balance of face-to-face teaching and technology use, has become so prominent in language learning, in act i leamed languages this way in school, maybe | would’ be studying today In contrast tothe speed of the chatroom. the bulletin board is much mare relaxed. | have tne to read other people's comments and formulate my replies before wring them down. There are plenty of interesting tks to discuss with others and, because an online tionary is availabe, | can lookup the words | don't know Later, | return to the page to reac the replies and adé more comments Uke @ social networking sitet develops into a semi-continuous corwesaton, So athough there ae no simutaneous exchanges ike in the cha room, it does provide a sense of genuine communication. Just few mouse cicks away irom the buletn board is a ned page offering a broad range of reacng texts The selection ranges ‘om pre-designed material lite simplified news articles, with special worksheets designed fr diferent levels of language learners, to authentic online text, including short stores and novels. Although the simplified articles might be viewed by some as “cheating, ind it warding to read something aimed at my level ard to complete some comprehension tasks Ether way, It stands to rezson that reading online has te beneit of prouding learners with up-to-date topics If you're not fom the "Net generation, being faced with computer terminology Ike: blogs, podasts, wikis chatrooms online forums bulletin boards e-pals and VLEs [irual Learning Environments) bit challenging. But computes play @ major le in our personal and professional es, so suraly we should use technology o enhance our language leaning? And if silver surfer" lke me can do it so can anyone! eeB Read the blog in Exercise A agai Circle T (true) or F (false) for each statement. The blogger spends very little time in the chat room. T 2 She concludes that the chat room. is not useful to anyone. q 3. She thinks she was taught languages successfully at school. y If the blogger were younger, she would have found computer terminology easier. T Write three advantages of each online learning option mentioned in the blog in Exercise A. podcast: bulletin board: simplified reading texts: DE) Listen to a podcast about languageearning Web sites. Number the order i mentioned (1-4). which these points are __ Online language games can be very enjoyable. — Consider which aspects of the language you want to improve. Some sites offer you the chance to receive help from an expert, Check if you will receive value for your money before you pay. FB) Listen to the podcast in Exercise D again. Make notes of the limitations of online language learning that are mentioned, (SB) More and more language learners expect technology in language learning, But how useful is it really? Write an assessment comparing the benefits and limitations of learning languages online. Use information from the blog in Exercise A and the recording in Exercise D, as well as your own ideas. Summary et fil Independent speaking Plus ‘What aspects of your English would you like to improve using a Web site? Would you prefer to study Using formal tutoring or just fun activities? Why? And what would you be prepared to pay for? vai @)Bi TA Pa Us ® Grammar: indefinite pronouns A Decide if each group of indefinite pronouns takes a verb in the singular or plural form. Write S (singular), P (plural), or SP (singular or plural) in the table. I plenty/a lot/lots others most/some/none few/many/several | |_ everyone /everybody/everything/everywnere I \ each | ope fave) Many people 1) aad thei est aquarium experience as children. But some Q)——————have) unsuceesstl experiences because n0 one C3) 1} (Gtiow) them howto take care of the fish Lots @ (eed) the Fish to often while others (3) Gora feed them. Few (6) nanan an interest in fish. But here in Santa Ana Middle ‘School, the goal is to make sure that each child who ()_________ Goin) the after-school ‘Animal Club has a positive experience. “Everyone 8) (know) how to take care of the fish here,” says Mrs. Harris, the science teacher ‘who suns the popular Animal Club and its aquarium. Cor 1X None of the children is scared of the fish ‘¥ None of the children _ © Complete the text. Circle the correct option. After school we visit the Animal Club, where two children ate cleaning the aquarium. (1) Bork {All are laughing with (2) another / others who is making a bitd-feeder. Then more kids come in. (3) Neither | ‘None of them seem at all embarrassed that this might not be seen as “cool.” On the contrary, (4) all/ each looks very much at ease, “T set up the Animal Club for ‘two reasons.” explains Mrs. Harris, “First, I wanted to give students a chance to enjay nature. Most kids here @ ums live in public housing projects where (5) few / none ever see a bird,” she says, “But there's a psychological reason, t00. (6) Each / Lots of them have difficult home cireumstances and almost (7) all some lack self- ‘esteem. Contact with animals can help a lot” she says. ‘So I'm more than happy to put in may time, as long as (8) all everyone appreciates the Club and has fun.” Ten ‘out of ten, Mrs. Harris!Vocabulary: animal rescue A Fi) Listen and write down the words and phrases you hear. 1 3 5 2 4 6 B Complete the text with words and phrases from Exercise A. eve 292 2 White Rhino The (1) of the northem white thine is in the Congo. This rhino is now extinct inthe (2) + $0 all remaining rhinos live in 2008. To increase the numbers ofthis seriously (3) van attempt ie being made to breed it (4) : in animal refuges. There is no chance of ©) for the newborns, because they are either shot by poachers or captured by (6) Grammar: passive modals A Decide if the passive modals in bold refer to the present (Pr), the future (F), or the past (Pa) 1 ___ Animal refuges ought to be better regulated. 2 ___ Environmental laws will be changed. 3 ___ It might have been possible to save some endangered species. ___ The gates are open! The z00 can’t be closed. 5 ___ That cage is filthy. It should have been cleaned. __ One day 200s may be banned. We'll have sanctuaries instead. Complete the conversation using the correct form of active or passive modals. Dan: Why are white rhinos being kept in refuges in South Africa? They (1) (should! notltake) them away from their natural habitat. Sue: Because they were almost extinct in the Congo, that's why. eee (ought! protect) better in the Congo. They (3)__ (cant notttae) care of very well Sue: Dan, there is a conflict going on! Even humans can’t protect themselves. Dan: Well, at least the newborns (4) (couldtretease) into the wild. They (5) (rust not bring up) in captivity. Sue: ‘They (6) (will/sef) them free one day. But first a safe place yee (chouldifind) for them. Preferably somewhere where they @)________tmigintigive) the chance to repopulate.@ Communication strategy: summarizing a A Read the forum post. Identify four main ideas and write them below, using your own words. eoe ex2 a | Wome | toptcscarcn | Recenrposts | acco ‘Thursday, November 10th 44:56 Wild animals: their home, too Tne wl aimals econ seen New sto Mo Nave Deen sho especialy te female tea dee | ink tha nals shouldbe alowed inside the cy its. tell they re in he ety lng before us! nthe ase ofthe coos sited in Conta Park, tseamstomvhathypoctialof uso assume that we humans can use her haiats irk afte national pas we desy!, uta can" wse our ata. Anja, oes wife make the ya moe atacve plo? Fesaal dt ke ose of arin Est Hale As forthe harbor seals seen of Staten Wand, thea prevoush endangered speces And nw thee back in large bes. S ts bo hapay ta our creer eto hove wore! Ab, theiretumspoo that our nto re lane at st. Sour the animals shoul be welcomed back? PFS Comments Main points: B Number the order (4-4) i which you would present the information in Exercise A. ¢ iB) Listen to the summary. Compare it with your main Ideas in Exercise A. ® Vocabulary: adverb-adjective collocations A Circle the adverb that cannot be used with the adjective in bold. 1 a) highly) poorly) most successful 2 a)least —b) highly) well effective 3 a) over b) least ©) under estimated 4 a) badly —_b) highly ©) poorly done B Complete the sentences with different adverbs from Exercise A, 1 National parks are ___ utilized. Why don’t more people visit them? 2 Weneeda thought-out plan to keep coyotes out of cities. 3. The city is populated with rats, They are everywhere! 4 The publicity campaign was done. No one understood it. 5 Bears should be kept out of our cities. Mity ere © ants dangerous, 6 Theriver clean-up was effective. The fish are back again! 30) unit 5Reading: definitions, explanations, and examples A Read the article. Circle T (true) or F (false) for each statement. ‘The article is about the decline in the quality of life for animals Teer ‘The problem is largely caused by human beings. aE: People are at last beginning to pay attention to the dangers. Conservationists are shocked by the extent of animal desing. According to a recent list compiled bay the International Union for Conservation of Nature, which is an ization dct racking levels of endangerment inanimals, (1) a total of 16,806 species is facing extinction. This figure is up from 16,118 the previous year. ‘The IUCN predicts that 1,147 species of mammals, including the Iberian lynx and the western gol, (2)___ could be lost completely within our Fete. ‘The Tasmanian Devi, 2 kind of large marsupial, (@)___ might also be lost. Julia Marton-Lefevre, Chief of the IUCN, said that these species willbe lost “as a result of our own actions,” by. which she means reckess human activities (4)___ which damage the animals’ natural habitat; for exemple, hunting, harvesting, logging, and oil exploration. (5) _ One example of a mammal affected by imesponsibie human actions is the Fishing Cat, a kind of wild eat, (6)___ which has become highiy endangered due to the draining of land, poltstion, and over-fishing. Another setiously threatened species is the Sumatran Orangutan, Which is in decline due to hunting and loss of habitat When poachers capture orangutans to sell as pets, thoy kill the mother fist, which means that there are barely enough females 19 keep the species alive (7) Dr. Marts Wright, of the WWFUK (which is the US arm of the WWE Network (6) __), said: “The report shows that, with our il-considred management of the Earth and its resources, we are threatening the future of wildife and nature and denying aur children the chanoe to experience what ‘we have experienced.” Dr. Wright aiso points out that the public is getting too used to sesing negative reports about the decline of animals. He worries that we have become “deacenedl” That is to say. we hear so much bad news, we don't pay attention anymore. (9) Indeed, Itle mention is macle of the success stories, such 2s the African elephant and the black-footed ferret, (10) ___ which are recovering after dropping to record lows. And the wild horse, extinct in the: rid a decade ago, now totals 326 in Mongoka, where It was re-introdu news out there. Proof that itSnotal bad Adapted from www.mirtorco.uk B Read the article in Exercise A again. Write Eg (example), Ex (explanation), or D (definition) in the blanks next to the underlined phrases.4 ee 3 \sstudio A Read the article about zoos. Cit 008. Circle the mai idea conveyed in the text. aan 1. Z003 should be closed down completely 2. The role of 200s needs to change radically Zoos can play a role in saving wild animals, Never Mind the Animals Can Our Zoos Save Themselves? January 15th Te seems almost impossible to believe that keeping wild animals Tocked up ‘can do any good. But could zoos play arzolein helping to protect our fragile wilderness and its wild animals in the Disc Century? Zoos have changed from places of entertainment where " gisitors went to gawk at exotic animals to conservation-oriented institutions jntent on breeding and reintroducing animals into the wild and providing #inforainment,” which means an ee Di William Convey, of the Wildlife Conservation Society in New Yorks, said in his address to the World Zoo Organization fast fall: “To _gurvive and fulfill their obligations to society, [z00s] must become proactive conservation organizations, not living museums, and they must do it now.” ‘This is a dramatic shift in social aitirade, meaning thatoos have been forced to embrace conservation ideals (2) __, but can an institution that enslaves animals be any good at setting thera free? One of che most highly publicized conservation goals thatzoas have taken part ini the breeding oF endangered Species and their reintroduction into the wild. The re-elease of golden lion tamarins in Brazil is estimated to have gnitally cost more than $20,000 per ‘animal. *Reinteoduetion programs are in their infancy.” says De. Gipps of London Zoo. “We must not and cannot introduce animals for the eke fit” But if conservation programs are £0 ‘work, then 200s will ave to move out Df the cage and into the field, not only ‘conserving land, bur aso helping local people. Far example, Bristol Zao in fhe U.K.is currently working with the loca of moro Islands in the Indian Ocean to preserve the {ast remaining 400 fruit bats on the jslands, (3) In addition, it is also aligned to the Cameroon Wildlife Aid Fund to try to eaise awareness about ‘the bush meat trade in central Africa Many zoos ange that even if they have no intention of introducing animals back to the wild, itis important for them to continue to breed endangered species. A number of species will ‘Become extinct over the next few years and zoos ean act as “reservoirsy” which, sre reserve pools of animals ( preserved solely in eapdviy but which could then be released. "To fata che breeding of endangered species,z00s have experimented in: activites, specifically freezing eas nd cven fertilizing embryns, ©) __ Dr. Bill Holt, the Acting Director of Science at the Institute of Zoology, says that the institute's research is part ofan ongoing program fand not yet at the stage of a “viable gene bank,” which means they cant yet be used to support practical ‘conservation eflors.(6) __ However sperm from giant pandas will be given to China as part of their endangered species program. The institute has als helped Spain seintroduce the Mohor gazelle to Morocco by providing and storing gazelle sperm. Zoos may not stop the deastic destruction of wild animals, but they could at least help to protect some species from being totally lost. Adapted from varm.independent.co.ukB Read the article in Exercise A again. Check all the functions of a zoo which are discussed. to entertain and educate the public to support conservation projects run by people in other countries LA to act as a bridge between parks and reserves [1] to breed endangered species to give animals refuge until they can __, be reintroduced into the wild (I to become centers of environmental research and literacy © Read the article in Exercise A again. Write Eg (example), Ex (explanation), or D (definition) in the blanks next to the underlined phrases. } Listen to the three speakers. Circle the correct answer. Francisco: Zoos should contain a smaller | Larger selection of animals. All / Some animals should be left in the wild and watched on TV instead of being kept in zoos. Paul: Zoos should act as large-scale local / global breeding centers. Zoos of the future will | could be used to breed all species. Sandy: Attempts at releasing animals into the wild have been well | poorly executed. Reintroducing animals puts them in danger as they can be killed / smuggled. “To survive and fulfill their obligations to society, [z00s] must become proactive conservation organizations.” What new roles should a zoo have and what do you think about them? Use your ‘own ideas and information from the article in Exercise A and the recording in Exercise D. ___ Summary j em ‘ 2 Pa ——_ independent Speaking Plus Describe a zoo or animal reserve you know. How does it provide entert How could the experience of visiting it be made more enjoyable? iment for visitors?@ Grammar: future perfect ‘A Underline the future perfect tense in the sentences. Then rewrite the sentences in the future perfect passive form so that they have the same meaning. In 20 years, machines will have taken over many jobs that humans do now: th 1s do now wil a By the year 2025, robots won’t have replaced human beings in factories. pte PI Robots will have improved the lives of people with disabilities in 10 years. Fifteen years from now, people still won’t have invented robots with feelings. ‘Technological innovation will have significantly enhanced microsurgery. By 2040, we will have developed machines to do most household tasks. B Complete the forum post. Use the future perfect or future perfect passive form of the verbs in parentheses. eve sao Tony23, Good news for the future Good news Fifty yeas from now, robots (1) {invent} to carry out almost every task we currently do for ourselves; humans (2) (replace) toy robots to do all the worst jobs, and surgery (3) (make) huge progress, too! They say that our Ives (4) (improve) by robots so much that we (5) ag — (forget) how we ever lived without them. That's all great news 2s far asm concerned. just hope that my grendhitdren @ (ootilse) the ability to think for themnsehes (2) Vocabulary: phrases with adjective + preposition A Complete the expressions with the prepositions by, of, to, or on. Then match each expression to the correct definition. 1 bealarmed by a) be unable to concentrate on something 2 beoverwhelmed —_ b) be easily influenced or affected by something 3 be focused ___ ©) concentrate on a particular aim 4. be suspicious 4) be frightened or worried 5 besusceptible e) know about a situation or fact 6 beaware f) feel that someone or something cannot be trusted 7 bedistracted g) be unable to deal with a large amount of something @ meB Complete the sentences with the correct form of expressions from Exercise A. 1. Machines are more reliable than humans. They not illnesses. 2 Mostpeople_____ not how their lives are already mechanized. 3. How can you work with music playing? younde soe aa, 4 1_____ scientists’ claims. mean, we have no idea if they’re true. 5 Doctors the number of accidents caused by machines that have been reported in the news. 6 Itshardto my work with all these noisy machines around, ZI so all this work—I’m not sure how I'll get it done in time. @) Listening: infer A [EB] Listen to the conversation. Answer the questions. g opinions 11 Which special award did the movie Terminator 2: Judgment Day win? 2. What did Aisha like about T-1000, the robot in the movie? 3. What prediction does Gary make about CGI? B EJ) Listen to the conversat n again. Check the best paraphrase of the sentences. 1 Aisha:You're asking me, Gary? Why do you want to know? Why do you think I would know? 2 Gary: Come on? Cook? [7 redidn’t think the robot was coot. [J 1 thought the robot was cool. 3. Aisha: Gary, that’s about as clear as mud to me! (7 that's a good explanation. C1 ton’ understand that. 4 Gary: Now thas cool! 1 the technology is cool, not the robot. [_] tt didn’t use to be cool. 5 Aisha: Is it? (CT rthink its amazing. don’t think i's amazing, ¢ [BJ Listen to the conversation again and note which of the following helped you to understand the meaning. Write the correct letter(s) next to the sentences in Exercise B. une @) a) exaggerated emphasis 1b) word choice © tone of voiceiC} Vocabulary: collocations A Unscramble the expressions. 1. gedare watrod 4 meco ot wont 2. nihet glon nur 5. penghil nadh 3 vahearaptotlapy 9 6 lilfteh ehoss fo B Complete the sentences using expressions from Exercise A. I'm alarmed by the news that robots may one day. teachers. ‘The public is suspicious of robots; few think they will lend a Everything will change when robots ;1mean, appear! Robots will in reducing the workload for teachers, By 2050, we will have manufactured more robots teaching large classes. _, we will benefit from having robots as teachers. © Grammar: future perfect progressive a A Write the sentences in the correct order. Add commas, if necessary. 1 we / been / for / 50 years / will / have / using / 2647 / ATM | in / machines tn2012 2 been / time /¥/ teaching / by / will /for / retire / have / the /20 years By the tim: 3. when / for / will | Ieave / the /4/ working / eight hours / have / / office / been When 4 September / house / have / in 17 years / we / in / living ( for / will / this / been tn September Co X When 1 wil have retized, | wil have been working for 80 years. v [will have been working for 50 years. B Complete the sentences using the simple present or future perfect progressive form of the verb in parentheses. v 1 Bythe end of next month,I_(study) robotics for a whole year. 2 By midnight, we (play) this video game for seven hours. 3. When the bank (replace) my lost ATM card, 1 (wait) three weeks. 4 By the time the robot design ___(come) out, he (work) on it fora decade. 5. The factory (use) those machines for just two years when the owner (buy) the new ones. 6 By the end of this century, robots (play) a part in our lives for years. Unit 6© Writing: summarizing an article a en, A Read the article. Underline four main ideas. Circle the information to Include in a summary (title, author, source, date). ( Robot to Expose Hidden Secrets of the Pyramids | By Stuart Fox, Te iter August 12, 2010 11:41. Following in the footsteps of Howard Carter, « specialized robot will penetrate deeper into the Great Pyramid of Giza than ever before. The robot, part of a yearlong | exploration called the Djedi Projed, will explore a shaft inaccessible fo « previous robot, unlocking « room that has remained sealed for 4,500 years The robot explorer, built by researchers at leeds University, England, in collaboration with French company Dassault Systemes and British robotics company Scoutek, will incorporate «a small fiber optic camera for looking around corners, an ulirasonie probe far testing the quality ofthe rock, and a releasable mini-robot that can fit through spaces as small as 0.7 inches in diameter. The robot will ravel down a shaft located in the tomb of the Queen. This is the thd time a robot hos tried te find the end of the Queen’s tomb shaft. The frst expedition found that a giant stone door blocked the tunnel, and the second robot discovered another door behind that one. With its microbot cand dil, the Leeds University eT1E® | researchers designed this new robot specifically to breach these obstacles. + Finance: Business Polis wow echnewsdaily.com From wivw.technewsdaily.com B Complete the summary. Remember to include all the information you circled and underlined in Exercise A, as well as relevant supporting information. Researchers from in collaboration with‘A FB) Listen to a conversation about robots. Make notes of all the negative consequences of robots mentioned by Mike and Jess. B [2d] Listen to the conversation again. Check the best paraphrase of Mike's sentences. 1. Come again, jess? Can you repeat that? [_] Can you come here? 2 Isthat ight, Ms. Einstein? C1 tdon' agree with you. You think you're very smart. 3 Come on, Mike, That's ridiculous. [pera 4 Very fanny. I don’t think it's funny, I think i’s funny. © Read the interview on page 39. Circle the best main idea. a) There are no limits to what robots can achieve, as long as people continue to provide the money for the development of robots. b) Capabilities for robots are improving daily but we are still at the start of a very long journey in the development of robots. ©. Experiments currently being carried out to find new applications for robots are seen as jokes and are misunderstood by the public. D Read the interview on page 39 again. List six professions or groups of people who could benefit from robots. 1 3 5 4 6 l] Robots often take on tasks that human beings could perform for themselves. What are the negative y consequences of this? Use the information you read in the interview on page 39 and heard in the recording in Exercise A to say why you agree or disagree with the statement. 4 Summa | F Ej incependent Speaking Plus What examples of automation do you use or see around you on a daily basis? Which ones are the most useful? 8) Unit 6HONE FCHNOLOGY ENVIRONMENT WEALTH MEDICINE ‘SPACE Robots: Versatile, Capable, and Part of Our Future ‘This month, Julia Langham interviews Dr. Jeremy Barker of RoboTech Worldwide about what tho future holds for robot development. . Robots have become an increasingly familiar sight in recent years, vacuuming and cleaning homes and parking cars. What kind of tasks will the coming generation of robots he able to perform? [A. Provided the funding exists, there is virtually no limit tothe tasks they wil beable to perform, Capabilities are improving by the day, The Robot Corporation, maker ofthe Roomba and Scooba robots, for example, are currently deploying robots in war zones. Knavin as Packt robots, these can be used to dispose of explosive devices without putting human lves at rsk, Robots are proving to be highly effective in locating and defusing bombs, Meanwhile Fido—a sensor that has been integrated onto the PackBot—has ust been tested as a bomb-sniffing device. No doubt, asthe capabilites of 09:53 robots grow, they will beable to offer an even greater helping hand tothe military. ‘October 4th . IMs said that in 10 oF 15 years, significant improvement will have been made inthe fiold of surgery using rabots. Do you agree? FEATURE STORIES Antimater explained ‘A. Yos, Robots currently sort medications, bring medication to nurses, and hep in nursing homes. Bur these applications are just the tip ofthe iceberg. Now we ae in the process of producing genuinely entiing he innovative technologies fr the field of robotic surgery. Personally, | believe that in 10 years the pee ‘greatest headway wil nave been made inthe field of minimally invasive surgery [keyhole surgery). (Climate change: t- ‘No matter hovr focused the surgeon i onthe job, he or she is stil prone to slight movements, which zane ' affects the precsion af the operation. But robots perform more precisely. As robotic technologies aren i improve and become more user-friendly, more surgeons wil attempt operation that they otherwise ‘watld not have triad. This is good news for patients. \ @. What about robots that can perform tricky tasks like cleaning blood vessels? ‘A. Sacly, they won't be developed for along time yet. The same applies to robots which can repair : ‘damaged tissues. The biggest obstacle here is money. . Complaints have been made about the ridiculous nature of some robotic applications, such as the use of robots to water plants. What's your response to that? ‘A. Humans are naturally suspicious of anything se ‘that is new. And they are right to be alarmed by the ‘money spent on a robot that finds te ripest tomatoes, {or example! But itis important to look upon these technological advances as one step towards a wider application that will benefit everyone, In its most simplistic form, a plant in your garden that can call a robot aver and complain that ts sol isnot moist ‘enough i funny. But now transfer that concept to 2 huge agricultural complex. Imagine that there are rilions of tomato plants being grown for export. A robot that can solact te ripest tomatoes and water the ‘ones thal are lacking in moisture isan invaluable tool. . So the innovations we hear about are just in an ‘experimental stage for now? 'A. Yes. But inthe long run they willbe developed so ‘that they have a part to play ina far greater cause. The ELE robot which gets things for you, for example, will hhavea vital part to play in helping old and disabled people achieve independence sont tmstasmseusvesnssananysenare 5 ER