Cellular reproduction

EUKARYTOIC CELL CYCLE: Chromosomes

23 PAIRS COMES FROM FATHER AND ONE FROM MOTHER
ALL chromosomes are aligned up
Homologous chromosomes- means the same chromosomes 1 from my dad one from my mom
Sister chromatids- 1 cell that is duplicated (mother and mother together)
Each cell has 23 pairs one from mom and one from dad

Somatic cell vs Germ cells;

Soma/some (means body)

Lysosomes (a body that breaks things down; enzymes breaks things down;)
Diploid means 2
Haploid means half of the chromosomes each has 23 chromosomes

Why is cellular division important?

- Making new people (reproduction) (meiosis)
- Growing those people (growth) (mitosis)
- Getting hurt cells re grow (repair) (mitosis)

Cyto – means cell

Kinesis – means break

Interphase:
G1- period of cell growth before the dna replicates (cells grow, organelle doubles)
S- synthesizes everything duplicates (copy DNA is made)
G2- cells prepare for division

The goal of mitosis is to produce an identical copy of a cell.

(PMAT)

****telophase and prophase are exact opposite****

Cell cycle regulation and cancer:

Check point a is g1 is asking am I big enough do I have everything

Checkpoint b is g2 Is asking if the s did everything correctly
Mitotic check point Is asking didn’t everything happen correctly

Proteins check if everything was done correct

Proteins comes from DNA (GENES)
If proteins aren’t made correct the cell divides and lives on wrong and that’s how cancer
spreads.
Protein continues growing cause protein never knows if its grown wrong.

Meiosis:

Chromosomes separate first one goes right other goes left

Cells will swap