 Velocity or Celerity of Pressure

𝑝
 Density, 𝜌 = 𝑀⁄𝑉 = ⁄𝑅𝑇 (𝑃𝑎⁄ 𝐽 ) 𝐸𝐵⁄ 1
𝑘𝑔°𝐾
∙ °𝐾 𝑐=√ 𝑝 = √ ⁄𝛽𝑝
𝐽 𝑝1 𝑉1 𝑝 𝑉
𝑅 = 287  ⁄𝑇 = 2 2⁄𝑇
𝑘𝑔°𝐾
1 2
𝑙𝑏 − 𝑓𝑡 *Isothermal Condition – Constant T*
𝑅 = 1,716 ⁄𝑠𝑙𝑢𝑔°𝑅
 Adiabatic or Isentropic Condition
𝑝1 𝑉1𝑘 = 𝑝2 𝑉2𝑘
°𝐾 = ℃ + 273 𝑘−1
⁄𝑘
°𝑅 = ℉ + 460 𝑇2 𝑃
⁄𝑇 = ( 2⁄𝑃 )
9 1 1
℉ = 5 ℃ + 32 _____________
Fluid 𝜌 (𝑘𝑔⁄𝑚3  Pressure, 𝑝 = 𝐹⁄𝐴
Air (STP) 1.29
 1 atm = 2,166lb/ft2 = 14.7psi = 29.9 inHg
Air (21°F, 1
1.20 = 760 mmHg = 101.325 kPa
atm)
 pabs = pgage + patm
Alcohol 760
Ammonia 602  𝑝2 = 𝑝1 − 𝛾ℎ
Gasolin 720  𝑝𝑏𝑜𝑡𝑡𝑜𝑚 = ∑ 𝛾ℎ + 𝑝
𝑝
Glycerine 1,260  Pressure Head, ℎ = ⁄𝛾
Mercury 13,600 𝑆
 ℎ𝐵 = ℎ𝐴 ( 𝐴⁄𝑆 )
Water 1,000 𝐵

_____________
 Specific Volume, 𝑉𝑠 = 1⁄𝜌
 𝐹 = 𝑝𝐴 = 𝛾ℎ̅𝐴 = 𝑝𝑐𝑔 ∙ 𝐴
 Unit Weight, 𝛾 = 𝑊⁄𝑉 = 𝜌𝑔 𝐼
 𝑦𝑝 = 𝑔⁄𝐴𝑦̅ = 𝑦̅ + 𝑒
 Specific Gravity
𝛾 𝜌 𝐼
𝑆 = 𝐹𝑙𝑢𝑖𝑑⁄𝛾𝑊𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 = 𝐺𝑎𝑠⁄𝜌𝐴𝑖𝑟  𝑒 = 𝑔⁄𝐴𝑦̅
 Viscosity, 𝜇 = 𝜏⁄ ⁄
𝑑𝑉 𝑑𝑦 = 𝜏⁄𝑈⁄𝑌
𝜇
 Kinematic Viscosity, 𝑣 = ⁄𝜌
1 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑠𝑒 = 1𝑑𝑦𝑛𝑒 ∙ 𝑠/𝑐𝑚2
1 𝑑𝑦𝑛𝑒 = 10−5 𝑁
2
1 𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑘𝑒 = 0.0001 𝑚 ⁄𝑠

𝑝𝑑
 Surface Tension, 𝜎 = ⁄4
 Capillarity, ℎ = 4𝜎𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃⁄𝛾𝑑
Material θ
Mercury-Glass 140
Water-Paraffin 107
Water-Silver 90
Kerosene-Glass 26
Glycerine-Glass 19
Water-Glass 0
Ethyl Alcohol-
0
Glass

⁄
 Compressibility,𝛽 = −𝑑𝑉 𝑉⁄𝑑𝑝 = 1⁄𝐸
𝐵
𝑑𝑝
 Bulk Modulus of Elasticity, 𝐸𝐵 = ⁄𝑑𝑉 ⁄𝑉