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Annotated Bibliography

How has global warming and climate change affected how architects design more

environmentally friendly buildings and infrastructure?

Emma Lineberger

Professor Malcolm Campbell

University Writing 1104

March 3, 2018
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EPA. Environmental Protection Agency, 2002, https://www.epa.gov. Accessed 26 Feb. 2018.

The EPA is a website for the government program, the Environmental Protection

Agency. This website gives information on the agency and the laws and regulations that

are set up by them, and a link to different topics that are about the environment. The

audience for this site is probably people working in construction and environmental fields

so the website is geared to give them facts and laws on their respective fields easily. The

link to the environmental topics page gives a wide range of further information and

possible links to topics like green energy, chemicals, health, and air and water. While

going further into these topics there was even more break down and sources that looked

at for information and links. This will be very helpful for getting basic knowledge of the

topics that I will be using in my paper. There is a tab on greener living that looks at

sustainability, home and business, green growth, and transportation. This gives

information about how the EPA suggests what to do to protect the environment in city

growth and development. This will be specifically useful in my essay on sustainable

architecture. These topics are reliable as it is backed by research by a government

program and they are specifically focused on protecting the environment and the built

environment. It also gives information on what is going on in each state and region as

they have differences in how the laws and regulations set by the EPA are implemented.

There is another page that talks about the specific laws and regulations for areas like

chemical waste, water, and toxins. The laws are written out online for viewers to be able

to read and see the history behind them and how they are enforced. This helps to make

this portion of the website reliable as it shows how the laws came about and are enforced,

as well as letting readers see for themselves the laws rather than getting told by word of
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mouth where things can be left out. The website also allows for the viewers to be able to

ask questions, contact the agency, and give feedback on the website. It is regularly

updated to keep the information as reliable and up to date on the topics that are posted

about. I won’t use as much of the law and regulation portion of the website as it doesn’t

really help to give persuasive information for my essay other than what is being enforced.

Hagan, Susannah. “Ecological Urbanism.” The Architectural Review, 16 Mar. 2015,

https://www.architectural-review.com/rethink/viewpoints/ecological-

urbanism/8679977.article. Accessed 21 Feb. 2018.

This is a web article about Ecological Urbanism and what it means for practicing

architects in today’s world. The article begins by discussing what the term Ecological

Urbanism actually means and its usefulness for designers, as it has been debated by many

architects on whether or not it is a good practice when designing for cities. Ecological

Urbanism is the practice of combining green, or sustainable, architecture (like adding

vegetation and building materials good for the environment) with urban planning of

larger cities to create a functional and healthy “ecosystem” which people live in. The

author of this article is very reliable on this subject as she is a practicing architect who

has founded one of the leader groups who look at how to design cities that are functional

and sustainable. The author might be more biased towards the idea that this is a good

practice to have when designing for urban areas. The author continues the article by

touching on a little of the history of this term and how it has been influenced by

ecologists and climate change in the 100 years that it has been used. She also puts in

multiple cities, like HafenCity and Wuppertal, to use as examples for the terms and

arguments she has for Ecological Urbanism. This helps to make the source more reliable
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because there are sources to back up the arguments that she is making. The article then

moves into examining what different forms of Ecological Urbanism can take and how

these models benefit a city. The author takes time to discuss some of the repercussions of

having architects who did not design with making a sustainable city, although it was not

enough to truly become unbiased towards Ecological Urbanism as this was only briefly

mentioned. Finally, the article finishes by discussing a city that has issues with flooding

because of urbanization and how the use of ecological urbanism could help the city

become less dysfunctional and be able to help combine the old ecosystem with the new

city growth. This article was very helpful in expanding my knowledge of Ecological

Urbanism and gave me some good examples to look up and be able to use in my paper. I

can use this to back up my argument for the benefits of green architecture to be more

environmentally friendly.

Huseynov, Emir Fikret oglu. “Planning of sustainable cities in view of green architecture”.

Procedia Engineering, vol. 21, 2011, pp. 534-542, https://www-sciencedirect-

com.librarylink.uncc.edu/science/article/pii/S187770581104882X. Accessed 28 Feb.

2018.

This was a scholarly article about sustainable planning for cities. The author starts out by

discussing how green spaces in urban areas were used for public space and gathering. He

goes on to discuss how this has changed by the beginning of the 20th century and how the

rapid population growth affects city planning and development, as well as the loss of

these green spaces. Following this the author argues that green centers in cities are

beneficial for sustainable growth and planning and uses an example of the city, Baku, to

support his argument. The author gives a history about this city and how it initiated new
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ways of urban planning to create a more sustainable and “green” city. This gives the

source some reliability as the author has examples to back up his claims. There are also

some charts to show how the city has changed and introduced green elements in its

development. Then the article goes on to discuss how urban has changed to take into

account the environment that the city was built on and how to factor that into the

planning of the city’s growth and redevelopment. The author discusses different

strategies that architects can use when creating sustainable buildings and infrastructure in

growing cities that take into account the history, the culture, and the physical

environment. The author uses different strategies to show the benefits of sustainable

architecture in cities to help support his argument and make the source more reliable

since he is not focused on just one way to do it. Finally, the author discusses how

redesign and renovation of older buildings can be used to make the city more sustainable

and work with creating a green environment. I will probably use this scholarly article to

discuss the different strategies used by cities and architecture that are producing green

and sustainable cities.

LEED. US Green Building Council, https://new.usgbc.org. Accessed 1 Mar. 2018.

This website is about the program LEED. This program LEED, Leadership in Energy and

Environmental Design, dictates what makes a building sustainable taking factors like

carbon emission and materials waste into consideration to give a design a “rating” or

level of sustainability. This website has links to let you see how LEED works, how to get

a building certified, and what LEED looks at for its rating. There is also a section that

allows you to look at current projects to see how designers are putting LEED factors into

their design. There is a section of the website that allows the viewer to see how much
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each area like water, materials, location impact, and how innovated thinking are worth in

the points that determine the level of certification. The website lets viewers to learn more

about the reasoning behind what is looked at and how to consider these factors into the

design of the project. It also has links to learn more about the topics themselves. This

helps to make the source more reliable because the reader is able to see how LEED

decides what is important. This information is backed up by sources and charts to show

how a certain topic is important to LEED. There is also a link that shows how creating

sustainable buildings is beneficial outside of being good to the environment. It uses a

study to look at the economic benefits behind using LEED, or even just having

sustainable architecture. This helps to support the LEED initiative as it shows what is

cheaper to create green designs. It also supports the economy by creating jobs for

workers. I probably won’t use much from this website as it is more about how to gain

accreditation for LEED and that would not be useful in my essay. I might use the

Economic Impact Report since it would help to support creating green architecture

through economic benefits rather than just environmental.