ABSTRACT

THE EFFECT OF CONCENTRATIONS OF CMC-Na ON THE PHYSICAL

QUALITY OF AFRICAN LEAF (Vernonia amygdalina Del ) EXTRACT TABLET
Background: African leaves are one of the plants utilized for medicinal purposes because they have
flavonoid compounds that are effective as an anti-diabetic medication. This study is to discover the
effect of concentrations of CMC-Na as bonding material on the physical quality of the leaf
extract tablet employing wet granulation method.
Objective: This study is aimed at discovering the effect of concentrations of bonding
material called CMC-Na of 1%, 2%, 3% on the physical quality of the leaf extract tablet and
determining the optimum concentrations of CMC-Na that can produce qualified tablets

Method: The extract was produced by using ultrasonic maceration method. The tablet was
produced by employing wet granulation method and using CMC-Na as bonding material. The
examination of the physical quality covered the hardness, friability and disintegration time.
Then, the data were analyzed statistically.

Result: The hardness of the leaf extract tablet with the concentrations of CMC-Na of 1%
(4,83Kg), 2% (5,30Kg), 3%(7,25Kg) had met the hardness requirement. The friability of the
leaf extract tablet with the concentrations of CMC-Na of 1% (0,26%), 2% (0,16%), 3%
(0,05%) had met the friability requirement, <1%. The disintegration time with the
concentrations of CMC-Na of 1% (10,17minutes), 2% (14,83minutes), 3% (19,67minutes)
had met the disintegration time requirement, <15 minutes. The result of statistical analysis
indicated that there was a significant difference on the physical quality of each formula.

Conclusion: The study pointed out that the increase of concentrations would increase the
hardness, decrease the friability and increase the disintegration time. Formula 2 (F2) with the
CMC-Na concentration of 1% was the qualified formula based on the physical quality and the
usage efficiency of CMC-Na as a research material.
Key word: African Leaf Extract, Tablet, CMC-Na, Wet Granulation