Summary of procedure wind loads based on EC1-4

1. Determine Vb (generally 20m/s in Singapore)

2. Check orography is not significant (generally co(z) = 1)
3. Look up zo and zmin from table NA.1
4. Determine kr
kr = terrain factor depending on the roughness length zo calculated using

where:
zo,II = 0.05m (terrain category II, table 4.1)
zmin is the minimum height defined in table 4.1
zo is the roughness length
zmax is taken to be 200m

5. Determine cr(z)

6. Determine vm(z)

7. Determine lv(z)

8. Determine qp(z)

9. Determine = cs cd (generally =1)

10 Determine pressure cofficients
a. External pressure
- Vertical wall of rectangular plan building clause 7.2.2
- Flat roofs clause clause 7.23
- Monopitch roofs clause 7.24
- Duopitch roof clause 7.2.5
- Hipped roof clause 7.2.6
- Multispan clause 7.2.7
- Vaulted roofs and domes clause 7.2.8
b. Internal pressure

The internal pressure coefficient depends on the size and distribution of the openings in the building envelope
When is not possible to estimate the permeability and opening ratio of the building, cpi should be taken as
the most onerous of +0.2 and -0.3.

11. Calculate internal and external pressures (unless using a net pressure coefficient)

12. Determine overal pressure (consider assymetric loading)