The Male Body Features, Destinies, Exposures Laurence Goldstein, Editor vn arbor ‘Tar UNWexsrry oF Micican PassLe! eects eaoaaeaes Lt ng Calg eon Dt Terme foe en eps asin “ioe Ban ceo pp) —aN 47-597 fh ct aig ert ek kf er cr 495 “ins 1994 Cl-855 - 2150 Gan CONTENTS leodton ‘Thinees gtr) aurea ‘Alon Sebfy ‘be Terry te Was You ttf Me Margaret Ad Ga) Brad Sel The Dips Rocket ‘ba pie ‘he Sports Compan sry) Laure Clin Consuming Mino’ The Remini fAerca Cle A Pherraplog of he sadtheHeceaionafthe Male Bias boy ad 1000 ‘Chas fnon Michel Kimmel rose Me-Up Dei ery) BodjbulerAmerames Crit Bal Som Pell ay ony) Tho La Chl fein Nella Somer 10 ‘ye Carl Oats (On the Naar of Dest per) Tock coped Pgs Deni ana ha inte Aaland Brace Pred ot © rere (pony) ole La For My Sea Gar Who Must (ne Day Hacome aM, ‘Be Hoot fi) uth Bear We "Wich BomanA Gat Fetecton ‘do Arle The Nae Bay ad ‘Andes Cad sah Cfo sans by on Copel, any Von Goetion Naghime fbskewek, Newey Geman Micelngds Boar Jon ter Wain Mare Caster, dra Sean, Jonathan Boy, dnd Uh Cert nak, ‘ne Rind nd Tan Ges foe ag 178 “Test and Nace (rom nie amon) (ety) ‘Died Soe v9 ny Pies ao Sry Fone o My Bly lp Lopate Mae Nips ost) onde Hin estoy (sty) ain ong, leg oo he trac the dy ener Fara pc ‘abet ly ua (0d Acqutac (ery) ‘or Fd 19 A Togabr Now: The New Seen Pn fd Bees Mongo Morgeweth Callete Tnbstween Ze Lf in Neila (on) Mart We 8 dng tie Wale Body Sion Borde ass LAURENCE GOLDSTEIN INTRODUCTION ‘This anbology of writings, adapted from a specie of Michigan Quarterly Review, i the Inevitable companion volume to fhe Female Boy, published by the Univesity Michigen Poe 2002, Ta my intradction to that coleeon T noted that tare author and collegues had ingaited, smatncs with goed hese, and sometimes no, why had chown ths generac nse oreneg sive commentary, “Why doe aay hae tobe tne fone Bay that’s presented as ext, oer, fscbaing to seatnioreed inn ‘ee2" one woman asked ve. “Why sit never the male body?" Tes * logtiate question for «faint to dee to the ale caer ‘uch a voli, and T tok to heat Even asf pando the cae biity of proc a mate for The Fonale Bldg amexer, «ee of scholars had began to engage the same qostion, The susie a saul, always implied in emis scour, has tow ered from the shadows and become what Margaret Aton elled Soe female body in 1690," hot tone Indeed, tb selfvident that feminist scholarship and feminist poles have este in the sd of plato tating tena hood and ie isory Ie isnot so mich that men want Wanseet be (othe crits of patriarchy, though some besteling books say buve iat intention, a that they have nen promi to seh ‘heir own nature now tht is cotsoqueno: have bos examined by ‘he opposite sex with sick thorughnea in the ast to datas Or athe, the notion that men have an esental“astne” ees ‘pon them by the iron laws of bilogy sow sna Sion e feminine mystique tel It reent writings, inelodng toe Ia th lection, are any indiaton, tha tao of tens tue ito neces from history, aad from erpiially-oburved beheviot isthe rset day, tha sens of coin and vat inl deiton thats ‘many women have embraced ara tears of permnal aad ratersation, Though worwn have reaon tobe supiciows ebout the Perea aml Ascouee, as Hal jst strategy to reawert tettaacal control over the ierature of geet, they aly have Pert welsme lm a ceiprea etarnett that er wie hare Fee caad and thatthe male body, ike the female, wil aever look ‘ite the sae agai, i! al this mention to the Body good thing? Or 8 a some rites have charge, »slindslgeatchronile of asset, rest Se aap fabricated by ttllsctals for one another while Tete he words probs languish in nous? Fay be wef BASSiSH onnelves why the lteratre ofthe body has become 50 Sona and nt jos i the academy. Ty way of exlanation Team A acd refer the read to Tsun ies esay, "A Plea fr $280 Hitory im the Spring 1687 iso of Michigan Quarterly Feclae Mlat sate that hig research for the reenty-published ‘Medea Nemesis had persuaded hi that twenteth-century people fe allowed a medical eablshinent and i subsidiary profit vay agets to elo the human body in unbcalthy ways. In ‘ekiNopir time the body as appreciated as the fre realm of ars mae ad purges cin, a wel es sulrig. The ate Mid STPRE ad eat Ronesance had eooeeve, in thet brightest en that ne Western Saf experienced sf and blood TTA an his “bith of slood endowed Europe with a body of ara uke ay other” Each pod sae as offered the world Read defntdon ofthe bod’ bl, amplifying the oppostun Ue Boroew ientive Following the Enlightenment and the He ic tea, the body as an agent of deste seemed t hav been fully bern, a cbody elect,” as Walt Whitman bopetlly roped sate es various as nature tl ren puta notorioedy suspicious of by fanetions, and cee iie of ways to carb aatre®tmpales, could not retard EASY poet physiol cltre” as sock ea. Miche S. tripe ato see how remarkable Whitzans vision was in 8 aa eatery sbvesed with acaloe vgn of aspexicKind, seid by tfeninacy, “Our sts are populate by weak Paar ote an alarmed Berare McFadden, who published EBES (Sgpod health order to counteract the degeneration be ited ard ln Kisame survey ofthe pala erature of Teed oud to body building und character ulling demon: (her Soe penotentiy aad desperately male Americans have ture tothe exerci apace, te gma, the on ed he wie open peer contr ar uct lat hey ‘Peper Onan, Avwckty spre mayo geared ‘cern tetera a nde tow oatary ith complet of vate hat enges us in the 1000s. ” 7 “he ot ad iprving won han aes ioe of spol a ty bt topes ten may ‘Siege mu ef rang ol mons ny {i tediny in our alt fo soln he pag a Soci titties} pins no mh eat ‘Shs atari oe ep Sa Ss Mec rele tention nny ra leary ples Sd ‘es, and tovard te daly phys ie of ora pop: Tae ‘ely eal be rel om tcp by numer Pere noah predrealyhe eee of let Be Shai ound of harap examin Ashe cote of hs feed cen eeu gon ote osprey bay alti ly trove Idelogeal and cmierll foros mere Tn tn sont chan ay gi rea mee 2Fherebe Whar ma ot ntl lat ane tr ford Site moma thc ows chev a eston ol what ch {iyi uno ntlement ofan gs ‘Gry sear maine tht nn ioe no tine exh te cpg due nthe pect eck Sir, Spelngot he frm Som Fell set hat pormpng op = “ply pstnoarn, whee sans ap Telefe aya we be hang at he ade Mod by olde nao, thn meng» spac funda tral pun ner espel rn fetal pty ed Serpent Srey Fe Mel domentetertce 2UeE came sprinpten ant Al es how ech eprom ine ‘REM und bay fanpage pee cotbossy nang t 8 ‘alin ena abot howto Bove Merl hw come oom nyt en ea i ee oh mega ore sasdaed comunity of fares Only te Dio i th cont oe ai or spor usage gore th geen pt et roland oes cally “enfleshed.” ‘Ai the atv fas of the male adj? They are etalyaggresive, sechle, and excenive im ways that are worn SERS boas are the most dangorowe Cngs on earth” Margaret ‘Reseda the male of the species sens to have hormonal Ane Goward entenvaganc,vskeakng, and latimidation eat bas Sree ena fundamental part of ie distin. Jon Up call TLE ESSvotherng adnan cask” t "ts the Limits” The see cbt power part ofthe arsl enjoyment that costs mas ci, ced ut not only at ork concerts and bodybuiing com. ‘Satins uo poplar noes, But in ovaye both scaly bonding Fe actly dispembeing in every tile. As Updike notes, ‘Uitctuc of power ge the impresion of being exempt fom tine, absent parte the unig rapture ofthe male nist few scar. ‘Dat ne tkes its tell on the young watror, the graceful athlete, ths indeatablelovr Te pathor of dete has always been «par ‘Sitteratare of msc, and this pathos threaten tobe dou Aisles or owe ra when since sd spectacle and~mesle Petra outweigh their former vas for respect and ultra ebony. Margret Morguooth Calle shows how an expotve ‘ie cconnny hes beg to prey upon male anxieties about go ara and lxng tht slf-dctning macho amour. Bocas te ‘ere ale buy “experince el! many through the mes of ‘lens and bests atthe end of this contary “we find owls ntering ene coral staton men and women lio mest js Tee faethe depredatiors of meaning-making eta (eae sinter ahs demonie model of the media pofeson. Tien tbe bo stern of comet gos, pharmacetial com- Taste, fashion designers, snd products ofall ade to rae he sinity level of men, as they have done wo suc for essen Now itt tine, Gullete ants, fo both ses to fight back Forte dgaty and unique pleasures ofthe mie body. "hog of he male body iso coarse the peso the" pala” cont neste speak syebolely. Te designs the male, and Seal tee tables both the enjoyment and corto that El he iiegate ofall ntions Edward Fld speas fr all men when be ‘Ses hs pens aly ara boon companion eseatal for his ‘edie welbsing “Standup, feed, with me,” be urges hope Fee pane porns our that an erection sa gevity-detyng act with seentareal afi tote complsive male movement i acs, Uuiy and heavenly The pene the dsposble rocket,” & nachicl wonder tat ao actual fore of potently uli ed meaning Tn evecday ilom, however, we recognize that its fot nsanlngal enough: being eledwprk” be nota compliment bts ore act Chsles Jas remiss how the lack body hasten serotyped a alto st he needs of» rac sot When by pldertalized he remarks tho hon of the Moris texture tinned” the interaction of pesos i degraded Und the“ nto” people of color anne. The lack ot” I taboo instromest that dows the most depyhidden ral ‘od seas ait in our evlization Tut whatever colori the po emaos & mysterious, even cult ject in or ett. As Stsan Bordo te, has own ‘tore, not le eltacally oaked ove ne The gogely ways i ‘fu tadcated daring the Clarence Thoma Aas Hil bearing ro {ld amusement for the nation. (Having stoi ot altogether {evlous Margaret Atwood rear) But precy bees tthe ‘Symbol of a lerable body, a source of sume as wel ws eth, “pmvnrhal power generally wants out of sight” As Bordo pols cute Femina gay movements have complete the mes {ng ofthe pals ane of genital scaly, probably for all ie. Tardness nd soften etphor fr the male and emale ree {ray hve conrtbutedtoan thor of rae vsene offesive tour ‘posted scaly, "es cesar torn and reson the {haltes of paces asd mpentabiiy he write," in {tem of the ronda meanings: cnotona, tlle, and vocal ‘swell a seul: ‘Wet author depicts the male Body Be ot she constructs mening fort that elaborates cr subverts the reader's own views of {ho mater David Lehman rears nis pes“ the pots fx) ‘he rg, the cachange of body fide a foeton If OF natural ‘Sok inb lel helpless Bathe poets of sex speak in any tongues abd hls mesa are pole Mies Ey Lt pees into lp tans Vicrian romance withthe practice veda by pycoanalys ‘tthe candor of oaralism. fn Joyce Cal Oates sor story the Krius gil who laksa dit pete teed by an abu of ‘tusealine power that proves tbe unforgetable, And Yo Cathy Songs pow “Vesestons the Busan’ “broken se” and ts meer {huge the atingexb ofthe if, refine sexually as seth fev ifrent than the tral hit suamoed bythe ete poetscf sex How different suai loos, oo, when is gan in he (etttony of other wetter to diverse parts ofthe body: the male (Speteeaveted by Brenda Hillman, the weary blue ees coved by Mitch Bernas protagonst the roi injury sured by Nichols Riiata the tomach prabed by Robert Bly fo “atbering the hile of beat Penal testimony in he form of autoerotic al-reqaed the bai act of bor maging, perhaps ofall nareatve, There cam be no USER Secount of general istry hot the invdual profiles ishored by thse who gaze at themselves while Holing up the ‘Mbvor for tht readen, ‘The memols of Leo Braady and Philip pate are exemplary of what dh more dscuive say desrbe: & ‘nine corsets dominated by sexalty but vot confined by aot reduce tof na fin rie toch, Braudy x reclled 2 emia f toeang setul sinsion dering an epiode of midlife ‘Mma at shel etreat in Tay Hs eccount reminds Bow (he tcoage boys depend on cbsoene language and crude frottage ‘Dnplone the terein ef adolesnnt socal and satisfy what Susan Bordo cals “he human aed for targresion, exces, ad exes Ty. Lopate ermine voto pat of hr anatony to emphasize hat ‘emule bodys much morernaningal han commonly skool ‘lged, The tom, the back, tho legs—what a pleasure i to bring ‘eS boy arsine the light of consioates for utalned atten on nts to emphasis thatthe "ale member" ms share pride of place in the whole congregation. Sigrcanty, be conclades By noting the finger thet enable his body to be typed out, Tterbed tnd ereulated to roars of The Sle Body. “Ge prom work by German author Mario Wir ica mach differ. nk Gosament of alls. Tm one ene sa memo, for we hos frm hs other writing thatthe author has ATDS and hat the lsat clic and adalosence fs this work match his ov ‘Sranty: But Wines modernist monologue clecsively distances i bc dat his ow ae of hima Sor fen int the view of ‘thee, ajpatbeic thers, eboe assy toward hi gy ide ip iba intel’ os a nfcion metaphorieally equivalent 0 132 fat ieee, Win remains an “between zone” of itd in lp. He travels iward and backward, covering in his {Uisoott penalty and te ddan of his classmates toward “at Sa Ringle Mi Sense the orgs of his preset cond Tee The ic body emerps san fmanenely completed object in eeeeeseSeeeeeeeCeCeTeSeSeSERTETS ECE CESETSSESe CE teT Ss eSeCe tee eset a Seteeeeeeesetes ie mtaiin,wnerabl to peyhierptre when Bley a Fvcholgy dost hjond he clue a hee Tiled whofe a ae out or change in oder tae can inthe act thet he ae body ke the mal, Ices tring nage pn of ctl tat he ete enry Ceara dato, when W coed the sabe ats The Sie inn eri at ti fered to paode dimishmentrChstann. Balk then In er pom on ne commana a of Midlangs fers David A andrew Campbell and Nathan Git pa oot isan cay onthe pole of stvors te have cared for is Tl, conemporay ati have eeued th practe i igeious sees int ner oe rat dat theDpng Slave ice {inplotoaploe the rt of pun and eter ater male i ht he oe ecg ler conan of coneroporay at reps srt, y nya ctrl sali for cohanclg the oppor of ore ‘Stone eto, of nes ad trae. “Throughout th cyl of inva! and history, ht tion of what t mere to be eal reece th Behn coders ins tke eatin on ber precio so Alan Scinatys pou acm onnnoresbgianing wits aiacnce iad Seu shorty peru a ca hry to tte Le ‘enilly these incon pee on maar in ost histori torent fvo members highschool wring eam shares pst Stvionmes tht ood em ot nly tr alee uta faery Sori after gosto, Bo the ore ued anal” of The to gos om tos fare low hop than i arr doula Won sre ‘apuclns ider of tie body, thank to +l lncloutes tht kept him fom the wholeeartedsdniration of bellow ses, ees bose with scl oqlement for Mranoonent snd doraon tothe profesional wel, Like my econ te prs ope, Sewer ry oie brw tenes [Ext untophed ning Ssh” ma our wero, be Bodies ero xl inoiabl at nda roduc How dw te ml by tgif, a how do terse 2 Thane nat bade quo, nt oor bry rae bak Ine daly paler fy ate ay 6 sum arr of Hey he ig ofthe fue. Ae Sapien Dobe ote in his volume, Body Traffic: eenWhatee is the body up— mae, hewn, os, wha wre gait iy Rt the aed sept ie a — ‘See frm the bodys hope, Bu ie hanger, selfless, desi, ll at eae %o put ne fat in fot of habe, ‘hare to for the hd’ hope, whatever combats that age tole dwn greed, ange, atthe foings kop ging central narrative fal body hors precy this forward a, rane aps nbd at hl ey og {ny ater day tw teva of peat thew ne Whee Shier mae boy in acon sh ners gus tin ‘tiound plata sometime sia the ano teeta ‘When tld end that wat abling mater a hs fn, so snd "wont be exp. ‘The tale by spy tes Icoting athe st hal prolly ‘grove by ho oma, theuge Tuned te emit so A Se was pening, Myra eft ba been fo ger inn dp tnt ema ‘lor fnsnating ad comes tun the feel taht pat Scaling fea fan ao treet ne male ety nw ove na ee 1 Siping cmptio vt or The Fonle Bi Thae ced vin oy option cnc nd fee tat reads wl ier find hat he ol evar he a hes ec pa teat tae wd worn who have a compaling vale I orig whe MARGARET ATWOOD ALIEN TERRITORY He conotves nsf i allen teriory. Not his tus—allen! Listea! ‘The rushing ofthe red eves, the ruling of te fe ese sk, always in the tsk, under tho dark sas andthe wake wsh-wadh.of the hat’ soothing es, which become othe ums of the naive, beating, beating louder, faster, lower owen ‘ro they baste? Who knows, beau thoy te nv He sles and wakes, wakes and lees, ad suddenly als move. ‘ment and suffering and terrov and he cet owt saping for booth into blinding ight und «place thats even tore dace ohne food sear and two eermousgiantssand yuan ove his won Prison, Shout a be ight, rate he bats, aber come olen ut; One ofthe giants ls bests and hairsovered, wits ng sick; the other walks mote oly but has two cnarans bay eo forts which she wiih refuses 9 detach and give away. ae Neither of them lots ‘anything ike isn and tha Ieee Incomprebente, ‘Aller! What ean he do And to mike t wor, they seround hi rth animals—bears, rabble, eat, grafercach ons of tren ssffed and, evden, carried, becaoe although be locks ed Joos al they have at best ital Lhe fateh ahs axe sore fa hm, as well? Where did 1 ome from? he ak, for what wil no be the fist lise. Out of me, the balgy one sup fol, ast he should be Dlewed. Out of where? Out af what He ert his sary sheet‘he untruth, theshame, dhe pulpy hore. ea toe those, ott be borne No wonder tha t tho fst opportunity he climb ot the window nd oi gang of eter explorers, each oo of then aa exe an ‘tmmlgran, ike hile. Together they et out on tha aitay four no ‘What are they sorching for? Their hreland. Their ve coon te. The poe they came fom, which cant posihly be here 2 ‘All men are rete equa, sortone sald who wat ithe very opel or very etiovius. Wat tof encty could have bac svoidd if he'd only pt his mouth sh. ‘Sigaund was wrong sbout the primal one: Mer and Da hey holeveon. ‘That might be upestng tran, bu there another ene Five moe anding old, psig it a rowan, «rv, the undebrsh, pretending ott ok down, Or ay ot cng down: guaog upwards atthe arn, which gives or the xigin of ‘soramy. Anything t0 avid comparisons, which arent so uch Ssioor se tinting Aaa ot oly astronomy: quantum py, engin, ler technology, il amen bonreen mo nd ia, Song tity abc, thn ont yoy = rr fhe sain wih satin al and Ly mse eng ih of te Gren Bratt of ngewe the telat ef vines fh ea mania oenges candanceonhebeztofe nm Anica tony edt sp pron that Ged rs mate atin Nt «pon Both Ree ral Noten eyo Nt os eatbond me tor Ge ie tere plas ‘When youre fening blu, jst kaep on whiting, Just keep on rmensring, Just do look down, ‘Tho history of wari a hiory of ilo bes, That's whit war bods ling other bodies, bodies being ll Some ofthe hiled bode ae those of women ad cildren, ata ‘ide fect you might say. Fallout, sbrapodh, napa, rape and ow ng, ant personnel device. Bit moto the Viled bobes ere So are most of thowe doing the Kling ‘Why do men want tol he bos of other mex? Women dox't Jrant tok the Bois of other women. By end Inge has aoa now Hare ae some traditional reasons: Lack. Teron. Lust foe Power. Hormone Adienaline high Rage, God. Hcg, Hew Nighcou anger Revenge, Oppremion, Slavery. Starvation Dees f one's ite, Love; or, a des toprotet the women aad chen From what? From th bie of other nem ‘What men are mos afraid of not ons, ut sake, the dar, nt women. Not any more, What men are mot seid af she tay ef snoter man, Men's bod ar the most ungeous thing on oath (On the other hand could be argued tat men dont have any Dots at al. Look at the mapas! Magazines for women here More's bodies on the covers, again for men have wrens bois onthe covers. When an appear onthe coven of nape Ss magazin aboot mooey, or about world mews, Invasions roe Jauoches, polite] coups intrest rates, eleeGons, medal Sent throughs. Realty, Not entertainment. Such mapiloes ow oak tho heads, the anamiling head, the talking heat, the cute ‘aking heads, and maybe aie limp, acy Ach oft Hew do wolnow there's body, under al that diane pnsiged taken log? We dot, and maybe tee‘What doe this lead ust suppose? "Tht women ate Bods with und sac, and men ae eae with Dole attached? OF ot, depending ‘You can havea body, though, f youre asockstar, an alts, or 8 gm wold AaT aids cnlrtatnert: Having a body snot atogeher resto sero for word. “The thing et boo are’ dependable, Now dos no it ec forte cam ofthe wil Ara he oe bod, ice ya Hind mao ton of ich Ear Oden en Or ay at rong tomet, Jos 0 Fath thou zd nd he matin ie ltl preted ts nt happening! Your face a ost can be sae Beet have tained dog. which wil do what you Aran tt nin nr eto on he tering me's bodes are etachae, Cos te rn eas ne tutie bis get mle ot ly re or pata rslaton, when cree eat gor ae orients lat, senior bly we an prt ath dd ay, yo bse an ogh od. Tso ne es tte of wand tnoah a tate wou, i lac, Tinagh ng tte leroy Fane ode pode you tae focnd tare ool Ser bay cal mete og ey 7 thon Eat come off Every moming 1 dows on my ats and thank Go for nt coe onan, hans cua ounpredtaby, Aman 0 ene Ge ery af hina A an pre sacs. a8 ‘Wiss weak ea aman, Anan, wo ea ae Inthe gap betwonn dare and enactment, nun and verb, nen tion and infliction, want and have, companion bai Blocbeard ran off with the thi sites, intelligont though bea fulsandsut ber up nis place Beryhing here ours, my dor, etal to her. Just dont open thesnall dor Tl ie youth ey owever Tepe you 9011 we Bellow tor nt th ster wa in love with him, eve hoogh he new he was a sca llr. She roamed over the whole place, ‘orig the joel and the sik draue ad the ple of gold. ote ‘he went though the medicine cabinet andthe itchen drawers, Tosking for clus to his uniqueness. Becanse she loved him, she ‘wanted f9 endertand him. She alo wanted t9 care hen’ She ‘howe she ed the healing touch, But she did find out lot Tne lot thare weet and it and matching shows and ara wee, some golf outs and «toni act an sme jos for shen he want to rake up the eave [Nothing unico, thing Kinky, nothing snr: She had oad to being alle disapointed, She found his previous women quite ely They were nthe nen clout, eal eutup abd ironed lat ab flde,stord in mothballs Std lavender, Bachelors aoule sich domestic sls The women Aidt make much of an impresion on her, exept the one who Footed lt his mother. Tht nese took out wath ruber gloves on thd dipped nto the incneatr in the gern, Maybe wat ie ‘mother, she Hhught f 0, good dence ‘Sho read Urough is large collation of cookbooks, and prepared the der onthe mot thumbed page. At dinner be ae poem Ital, plling ost her chair and offering more wine and leading the ‘convertion around wo tops of th day She sid gently tht sho ‘wihed he woul talk sore about ieling. Hess that if she had Ts felingy, se wouldat want to talk about them ether. ThisIntrigued her. She was now more in love with hm an more curious ‘han ever. Wal, she though, oe td everything i: the smal door oF nothing Anyone gave me the hey. So wlted ut he bad gow ibe diinor wheroer twas be wea! and made stright for the ‘Ral Soor When she oped what shouldbe ise but dead Iie, Asal dod child with ts eyes wide open, és min, be sid coming up bein ox, 1 gave bith to Hf swarmed yous Worn’ you happy with ne? tras the you, hi tng ton ot wing at sola Set the wa ose aay wn eo {Beedon tab lope total her wey ut of She cou fk ABelonesmlag ot of he Harare wa yo ets me, sald sly. Don't be ofa ‘Wher are we gong? se sai, boone twas ting dak, and ‘shee was suddenly no flor: Deeper, bes 1 ‘Thon ones, Why do women lke them? They have nothing to cfr none of the tua thing They have aor stteaon spans, flligapact the ld beat-op cam fan. The ars break down, EAN tyr tof them, and do seed, and ive up. They g9 08 {ag walle from which they forget orturn, Thuy prefer weeds 0 flomere They tll trial ibe ‘They perform clumsy ticks with cathe and gis of sing, hoping émpertely that someone will, {one "They dort put food on the tbls They doo make money. Den, cat, won “They offer nothing. They oer the ret clean veep of nothing, to ucen ly daring blizard, the dark pause betwen eon and ‘Room, They ofe ther poverty, sn pty wooden bow: the bow of ‘Thogaar, whose git is to ask. Loa into look dows deep, where potential coll he stake, and you might hear anything, Nothing Eas yet been said “They have di, however Their Dodie re uli the bad of ‘ther men. Thlr bodes are vetbalind, Mouth, oye, hand, foot, ‘hey say. Tele bodies have welht, and move over the ground sep bbymap Her yourr. Like you they relia dhe hot mud of the slight, ike you they are amazed by moraing lle you they can taste Ui ‘wind, he you they sing. Looe, they say. and at the tine they always roam ta 0 do slo. Thay camry art ae wel, 0 dguat yo ‘wovléne tru them otherwin. Thy sey the wert things you have ‘rer dreamed. They open lecked doors. All diss ven to them for soins. ‘Thay have thee anger, They have thee despair which washes over them ike gray ink, blaaing then ot leaving ham iene, ir metal kichen chain, bode cased windows, looking out at ho bel walls of deserted factories, for yours and yeas. Ye nating sith thet kepe fit with therm, an ram i they bring Dae Hart they say and suenly thle bodios hurt ego, Uk ral ‘ods Death, they say, nang the word sound like the backwash ft wave, Tol bodies die, and waver, and tarn to mt And yet they eam est inte words tone: let in earth or entenby lat, fd here In hs room, when you resay them, in har owe wot, But why do women like tess? Not lke, L mean to say adore (Reaeber, tat depts everthing, despite all Thaw told you, the raed ea th gay wary he ace ey, he ape inom, ois ecane) Because they can say thar own bodies, thoy could say yours also. Because they could say sina if It meat something, ot only to them bute yon. Besa one night whe he sow fling ad "he moon blotted ou, they could put Ser eepty hands, that Tod filed with poverty, dee beggar’ ands, on Your body, and ast ad al you fi made of ight.JOHN UPDIKE ‘THE DISPOSABLE ROCKET brn acount ong Inhablinga male body mech is having bank site heathy, you dont ink tu abut fe Compared to Ua Female body a lommsntnance proption: chow ow and he in nr ey oa at mc eth, ‘hj, shavng-aeapig or Buring sway at your lace eve ‘moming. Byte, in Don Juan, thought the repeated ausane of ‘having blared ot the pelo goa fr fener of cart ‘Women ar, hire tl Condesa to cid, as en for ht ns Hav having to enti’ upon techie, Ay sigue, which nthe gage Stay srtes on the wba wi aration, om the nda of repro, the male ys eli ‘eum arte els tay da treason ryan sab et faling oi of re, ek ‘ht he caring eons hereof th and mote al be ‘the mais sipenan fey dvr gotta Sale ipso risa, bey ue ple ft alt ‘am tome bars nt the gi oh chow rome Th sea of {Ec erin bia te y toe Hatch es ley ‘ee tn in tape dapat nen Mn pt Se Sie tutte myname th ane fom ty. Wee my tenancy of male body wary mew of or oan arat“T tt ap and fal fn forte oy lng eco dont yo ‘eto tings To acces ie ecb Dare Paling fer aly odo yng, eu fbi dare ont won Se eal. My plo bet al eo Rh Windows andthe ecg of cif longs to my boy, ot my ming rich rats th stn call of the chan will ale aph 9 interior srg knocks the wind fom iy Tang and heed ‘rota and ges aay tp to Europe, with ts Age cae see gurgoyed eathnsa ook ier of vigitnne Slee ‘rangey, no longer figures in my dreams at Wolter dal ie ae 4 bey and my subconscious was more hotot with me An eagles that nesry ov tre the earth inp « map a el eee tums aloo ad esi el 1 mara that thet note yy sea wiling to become ft plots. ‘Ay accouming of male-female differences mut include the anal sper reckless,» driv 1 tig, tend deh ne {he darker feminist comonpnies woud haveie bie eth e tose what the trtfiewil bear shina achacrenee es numb of ten wko do ling daneye to thes sang bee e sing: war and ar uciderts side ondary nel ee ei {he approval of pcos andthe ocourgumet of tan cake tak fara tal of sal and knos, We were meds er conte ack nthe possinian, EatAfian ays and te baci a rhshing th betheses, th pinsnoineiag anit res form a euberome and unfashionable bis, ot Hig neha ‘Take your body to the edge, an se ffi, ‘The male sere of space mort difer fom ha of female, who bat sehlnterotog, active, end snfeant nme space Perper tat fntres nen ter, Tey bl high gue Si tee ak spiraling vechoad, the ot Higher ket carey ae ane pozleliving down ts ape al fr sate el >and cering ut beyond stow-rtch, th uncoeas ae ‘grind on dtr rat black wea the hacen the mearea the quasar— ths bring partons withthe and awaken ssn elton wth theives withthe expt.‘ dol aaie ag tending ater tae rogynous subdivide ota specs: Diane the hunts su more Wendy body type mon than languid, verweght Vena, and pelorpncs Pye oe for more underwear ads than Mart. Ralaticin though ean, Dodis, however degunt, are designed for coving tertonn fe moving on. ‘An erection, too, defies gravity, flrs with i prcaously.1o jon uroaKe ‘extends the diagram of outward dizection Into dowaright ‘lachablty objective in the cave ofthe sperm, abject in the ‘su of the toler and pes. Men's bodes, at this unctre, eel ‘nly pty thes demon of sorts hs bees staced to thelr ower ors howe pesformanoe is erat and whove erzands ser, a ‘Sener scuous, Tee ke having a (uch) salir brother toward ‘whom you fel both fond and impatient he 8 you, fe you a ‘into simplified sod ignobe form, This om, ofthe male bey tring two of them, is aktowledgd in verbal love play and ert ‘rrting, where the penis e playful given sown name, a individ- ition ot ven the rarest rapuce grants a vagins, Here, where Tule grthors toa quistasense of tf there can ben inner ty there ean be hiding; for seer nakedaes, sere nthing Ue ‘ hopefl pally, aggresve shape Se inble from ts tender ‘Minne valent. The act of ntercoue, fom the point of view fa consenting female hs an element of mothering of ena ‘ent, of merc concealment, even, The male body fo ths iner- ‘ale tock tof harars way "fo ichabit «mal body, then, tof somewhat detache frm i lis aotan enemy, bat not ently a fend, Onresence sens to Tie ot nels duces bain the trees ur thoughts aad eetions inser on the at, The male body sme We surface of ature’ fzep, whersia. the blood aod pala and mysterious cravings of Sromen poretuate the specie, Partipating lex in nature's pro ‘co than the eal body, the male body gies dhe imprestoa— Tae of boing exert from time Its powers of stuength and reach escend in easly adoesonnc, along with acn and sweaty feet, and Slpat in imperceptible inremets afte thirty orm. Ke supes tne to dover when I rsove my shoes and works, he same paper ‘white has aes at struck pe ar pathetic when T ebsorved them on my father, {ft betrayed when, kn some tumble of touch football twenty year ago I beard my tba sap, and when, Tecwoun two reading engagements n Cleveland, ny append tid to bus and when, tater day ot forthe fist te, there are to my mat ut ny owm boy the musty atte smell my grade father’s body he ‘Anan body done mot tray ts tenant rapidly 82 woman’ Never as fine aod lovely it ha lor dance to fly what ogee ‘bonaty thas wsak-poof. Ie baep ts eapabilty of procreation Sdewatly lng. Unles intense atlouedazanas are made oy he thing serves wel enough sty, which sy ages. Prom bar tn, schon. There ate ordi or ovr es cace tthe tne bdy, bt the prot, that sway lcted ite sues of ‘Sonia hid, shows he steno sa enton with its of ys {lea wplation, ad ll thet ber end potato chpe a up inthe ‘roma ater, Awtr,whowe py! equipment ab it {naa lng get him oh ey th ter, and New Tork City oce i wl cent bute gras this dy pc ‘is oj thw tend and neat es where he ben exudes {rom the sl nd to hs banc which id the pen x top he ‘board His bay has boo, no Hime enact, bat tc pa tele ed baling like mor of rather pale now. Aman and sod at ie ay end the body who bar deers ese and the ue of his ators ear fr the evening. he goes lon, ase the wef ing he goes tefl,MICHAEL S. KIMMEL, CONSUMING MANHOOD: THE FEMINIZATION OF AMERICAN CULTURE AND THE RECREATION OF THE MALE BODY, 1832-1920 i che frm el th tion ai sa prychoanaytie commonplace that what we 1s in rai we seep teary. Tho object, elation, and expense Tere ie cneang, that make fo ll xed secre, are REESS flow os leving us cere, frighened, and drperate Fe Te coral, ganar nour I he creation of « Tee Sia pel hat remind of haw Yost nie, ch sec ee Grcure chant ww canocesonally raid to eres erie omens of lfm tevin men have ben searching forth lost mashood nce «nm of the nec centsy. Plagued by chon aasity est msalty content beng ted, Amesean me have EST ane clare care chs Tor sro bjs that might ree at mankod, At ines oh als at aero Tee Work setrat ear mth times of gender ety dene hes times though, ren have been subject to mere SSSI la wid elity andthe effort to lve tn that symbole fantasy word This coy wl examinesome of oe efforts to ree and retiove nou davoga pivotal moret of istoricl anton ding ‘Tih mmclinty was idly perclvd min ei and In zadieal Were tach onoreon Flt Xvi debe the wasthat a secure OO see of masculinity wat gradually detain im the fit fo ‘ecade ofthe nintecath entry, and deacrbe sme f the mecha: fms that men employed to regrovad Hr erdingsease of man hood. These Included ineeaing Ftlcons on the male body through precrpsows of suai; the exon ofall "other ‘uch aroun, onenative born whites men of color, and later the century, homenerale—feom the ieremngy problematic pubs Me eons and fants of scape, TI alo explore the recovery of the mle body atthe fare of the centary at gendered tating round, x ste uf demonstration of masini, epecaly i coms ‘ert Fanti of pial powers 1. The Terrors of the SeléMade Man At the turn of the ninetentscentury, the term mashood was yn nyo with he tern adltood, the ponte of eidhood. Viet tre cnteroeed to pony, not fri. To be manly wast cpt ah esponsilitesara provider, prodace, and protector of ‘amily. Maninod wat grounded inpropety nrarsip whether of Tend etter ofthe workings ysl body wish wat ito thoy a uw ft Two models of mast prevailed, Tho term “Cente Pattneh” ders the manhood of the lapdod gentry: refined, elegant, and give to eae ensausnes, he was a devoted, Ether who spe his tne on his estate wth ie family Urban era ‘me and shophesgre str eo model of Marae Arts.” who bod the physical rong and republican vite ofthe Jlerso- nan oman ferier and independent artsan. Alo a devoted father, the Hac Artsan taught hs sone is orf ppertng them through ‘tual sppseniechlp to ater tts, a i tier hed cali ‘od him. An economic liberal who chebed hs warkglae ator my, he was democrat, dlighing inthe partspatory demoe toy ofthe owe eating ‘ly the 8S, x new version of masculinity emerged fa the casera citer “Marketplace Maatoed” dsctbay ths "new man” who ‘ovine his dont entiey from saces inthe captlit marie place rom his accumulated wealth, power, and capital. The man Bod of the urban enteprenewr, the hicresenan, as ese, gi tated, devoted too work in the Rocowzcal pubie aren, Ho wa this an aban landlord at home ad an absent father to his chileren, When Henry Cay called America “a nation of well-made ‘nny wat of Mackeplao Man that he was peng. "The ene for aelbntking ayled the historic doom of both ote Ata and Gente Patearhs. ven today, once berle bane fight agains blag arsfored into faceless proletarian, ‘hich monn the lo of workplace autonomy, small town come: Tal polities! power and domestic ptcarhy, while the entity of the old gente ie now rdioled ar the effeninacy of te urban dandy od flops Tho otumpl of maretlace macsiny pused Ose tO eros ofthe old rine into the resins of the non-me or Matietplace Man hina, the paychologia consequences of selbmaking wer srbing, and immediatly endon othe setive (je At uattood beeame dislodged from tational mooring, i ‘Ses thrown Into comtant quetion fn the unstable weld of 00> omic competion, Mescolnity became homosoial enactment, to be proved inthe marketplace, ate of humfiation” according to Fenty Devid Thoreau, No wonder that perxptve French artecrat [lots de Tocqueie id th ony nthe coe of he American temperament ‘An Arica wl shoe which to pas ld age andl ‘bore th ot ony be wl plat agonal ote jie tro are cong into ating be wil dear al nen thers {oreap tbe rer be wl the ups profesional eave tele {p oe plece and sb go ff lee wits Be canging dees, ‘tight toe something storing in his spectacle So any ony a In he eo bance What hcky na, indeed chronically estes, temperamental boos, a an ia constant motion o prove what ulimatlycannct te proved. hat he ea real maa and tat his identity isunthenteed bythe sction of other men, ‘How could Armesicin middle-class me, thee now sit made ‘men, ever find tll from threats efoto prove thei man ‘Dood? Partpents in the snuketplac, whieh promises orderly ‘tonal ecunting inaiy bese pressed ha wor Ineresingly os of conto. Tos young man soaking hs fortune in Such a fee and mobile sole, identty was no longer fired, and ‘here wero i faniilFadatlons to ground a scare sense of Dilla a man, Achieving manhood bere a concern for men; forthe first Amerie history, young men experienced “en tty evi." *Sons had to compete or elusive manhood a the market ‘ater than gow int ncure manhood by replatngfathote, Whee ‘any could never attain the self-made manhood of succes, mile las masculinity pte ogotiem to xtemes of tggrson, call {en control aod unremitng eller. ‘Thase young mea salve this fis “vs of mately” n Ame can history ta varity of ways they went to work, making sr Jeep worn out of the workplace and ene itm a homowreie presve, They went to wer, piting the maatiood ofthe iodusea ‘Workers and heroseartans ofthe north againat tho civ yeo- Iman farmers ofthe south. They alo wen towar spun ther sve, Dittng their many wil and rele agate tbe ring dees and “nim lasts tht this bodes experieneed. And they went wet to Start over, te make tae fortune, to emape the ving consents of domes le represented bythe Victorian women ‘Tosienoed inthe market, the Ametisan midde-cas mac hed to ‘i ain contol over bie sall And by tls incresngly eat is Dbody'vits dais, enetons, Inthe 183s and ISAs spate of stivice manuals coursed thse young men on how todo jut Bat ‘The concern was s widespread, the advice books 0 poplar, sod the link Between economie and Serual behavior 0 eps infact, {hat one modern writer erne the phrase spermato” esebo the fasion of seul and marketplace atti, Simply py ‘he self-control required of merlatplace ccs sqsted the rei ‘antral f= diplined kody, «body controlld bythe wil Conse ‘lon of sperm signified conservation of energy for te depoyeest inthe market Sturdy mathood," one waite lames, low is nergy and bends undo oo Fequentexpandivre of hi important Conforming oth spermatic economy mount ft ofall, gtning conto ver he body, afen imagined inthe ave bool aa well tof carnal dees nd difase energy. Like prematire Provan, ‘vice manal writers ought o cont em aie sod baroes re oar toward productive sett. Young men ese counseed to ‘veld erat beavior and actives ike to el earl appt, ‘ve thelr ore produtive competition. Above al, tase manuals ‘vere fantealy concerned about suastubaton, mhich would sap ‘ens wtalenegir snd enereate them forthe tis head “The American editen of S.A. Tis cle Preach work A Tres on the Diseates Produced by Onant in 1833 catuced Ueble imagiontion and allowed fen to congal onthe soe vice En-conrel, 29 neoneary for sums inthe word of ten, inant sexual control control ver what the body dd and contro oer ‘ppetite fo vie. By the 1850, sveal ace book among thor ‘Wiliam Alotts The Young Man Guide (848), Gaorge Burap's Lecture to Young Men (148), Goorge Packs The Formation of Monly Cheracter (1859, and Timothy Asthu’s Adele to Young Men (1855) addnesed hen’ need for sl-contrl over pasion sd temptation diet, and mstrbaton incre, cccaoeally Ina ‘ded language tht readers no doubt eaderstood. ‘hmong the ot stcesfl thet vio boar wre Syseser Ginna A Lecture fo Young Men (194), and hi Iter Lecturer 04 ‘sence and Human Lie (189) and John Todas The Stadt Man- ‘ot (1835), Toe, « New Eaglandmanster, who Became ove of the Tats foremost esapagets agaist womens ight, and Graham, {health former aed the iventor ofthe cracker that boars i name, ‘wee the pminent experts who addresedChemslvs to the pre Teme of booming and remaining sucessful man ib the id rinetsenth seni. In hie stabiograpieal work, John Todd, The Sony of he Life, Told Moly By His! (180), Tod lame to have been “an pan, sates, pele” ar 2 oy was, tere fore, «pine erample ofthe wafanade ran, (With one smal tcecydon it was all ie Todd bon rae by bi thor and fo ate afer hater ded) The Student Manual rocks nerve ‘song American youth; by 185 had gone rough 2 ets (Graham laid oot an elaborate plan fr dctary and behavior reforms that would allow mento live scare, happy, and secs lives Concsed thatthe inser “ital economy of the body wa ‘becoming env and invearebooaan of sexual aces, vic, end tastutbation, Grab offered set of bodily d's and dont « [prscription of etary sad vera emperen” All re, Grain rte itt stad sod all he fetions ofthe sytem.” To bat des, Graham advorated a dit of farnaceus foods, rop- ‘aly prpate lke “ood bread, madeef couraly ground, osted ‘wheat or ye esh st may made of eracked wheat, oF 96, Tdi corn Young men shoal sold fll ant Lnge supper, and ‘ould etn atime! meat whatever nce he war eonvibaed that fone more suscepti to sn of hel fone eats anata ech, ‘vine for which Crahaim was ties attacked by Boron bateers He advocated strenuous exarse, the avoidance of "every Kind of stimolating and baatingsustanon” and sping on shard wood bad snc feather beds would wrap th leper in ndoest lary and thereby enervat im. Graham warned tht soclleng boys ‘bad Rebs of lanuy,indolenee voluptuousnes aad sensay (cany of the quale once peated among, Gontel Patra), ‘would lead them fo surrender their “sblenes, dignity, not, and ‘ankiond” and become ‘he wetehedassgremr whose into aisle ty, and finaly bacomes» onfrod se degraded it, hoe dy sunken and vast los) eye, and lid sno coustennes ‘odorous, tobi pms od fed ely a lee roe ‘ica, ad emaciated and darshan cooked bd a lest Ia ec coverod pape with sypparating bers aa un ning sores depo a prematare a ae lighted body-and ‘ulm sos Such dive warnings iadicate that, for Gratz, these demon hat bated young men was the Space of male eal die Male Serualty was, by dofinton, predatory, lua, and amoral the hil obstacle 0 public order Snuaity ia all Torn must be upped and coczlled. Serva relations between husband: aed ‘wives pened (0 be roglated abd thelr freqoncy curtailed Graham suggsted no more than onot atone let a vaiety of ‘lnenes eal the stand * Even somal fantasies Ise tus dey-dreams and amorous revere which ares common anon tho, nd the olptuos, and the sentry andthe wervour inst be appre, Grabam angie, est the daydreamer succumb {0 debility, elfeminay,dordeed funtion, abd permanent de fave, and even premature death, without the atu sure o he nial orga” Seemingly hares seal fants lad fo dee bd motivation, a biod-bolng ast that mst ind an ote, ler frith a wornan or by omsel There were many Ober member of this enti vie squad age to sot sella men in he ert at sllconel De ‘Augustis Kinpley Carder advised parents that even i their ch dren aterpt to hie thts practo of th stay le, sane of Inter the “hysteria, epee, spinel ination, and’ ta of {pts woud giveth away to watefu eye. Another writer ‘ound parents to employ mera inoovative treater seal Imvmperanc and espaially masturbation, inudling a sighJacket, to hlp boy kep char hands to thanseles, and ting the Feat 0 thatthe high would renin separate. thse dda work, hcontved “cork cushion” which coal be placod nie the hight to pry them apart, anda "genital age” «metal rao aver tn fn which the toys penis and seat were paced ad held by ‘pring. (Several patents for thee devices, ‘nealing one thet ‘funded an elects alarm ine vet ofa eration, sere sued St the turn ofthe century, a competion inthe war again venery eated wp.) RJ. Calverwellinveted a chaethatsered ac bind of cherie or the srl tempted. An atschair wat ited wth, ‘an open seat, Danath which pan of eld water, or "modieted ‘eérgprant ld would be placad. By mea of s pomp, a young ‘man coal ret ths old water to he genial, Sas “colng” he Seiual orm, and making himelf more capable of seif-contol." “This obseivereprason ofall hngy saa ndester more than serial prises or ptanialrpresion. I soenly a neeaing Dreoecpation with he body and e corespandingy deereasng ite nthe pal. That body was aero body, a body of dae of dangerous ud, of Bind panton This prevespaten with eat ‘ality fle by fens of lou of conto, Ted to extraordinary et fares fo reassert contrl. If the Young man want to become 8 ‘couufal Marketplace Maa, bo would have to contol Ms body 0 ‘ara tint a terspered intrament tat he could by hi wll, deploy In an unertain sea of foraoe, coaftdent tht Ie war able with- ‘and fel store and sl remain alos. “The sowul panie had serious comequeneet, ac only for the young men ivelved, but alo for women, and for pon-whit, Immigrant men~ tise sree again which white, native-born ‘American mn contacted tha ientisie, These "seprened middle ‘las eral energies were then channeled ino a xenophabie tly toward the migrant and te blac, then projected foto feta, Incorporating the eaviable and fllyexpremed semality of thet alien groups 25 well a projected onto women, who wereea sol {anol a sedvetve tempteses, brimming with earn dese, thoy were unable to conta, or pls, seal engl or whom he ‘metet enton of te bod) aod ts dee, would case the (0 fintstralghtawey. Socal anxnes projected oto Black, women, snd immigrant prompted mento devin oil, como, plea, Sd ideological contra, to Koop others out ofthe way, lasing he flld for white, native-born me, 2. The Celis of Masculinity atthe Turn ofthe Centary By the last few decdes ofthe cetary, the realm of production had been to tanforned that en could no longer anchor Uae ‘ent in their potion fp the market. Now, ne shnbols were treated, the contamption of which vended wen of that sare st, bcfore identity eles, befor eles of maselinity. Manhood fad escher meant eooomle autenomy contol over ons own abot, ooperative contol ovr the labor proces, otwsenip ofthe ‘predict of on abor. Thad mean pola petlaehy~ the co fro of domes ae pelea life by tativebora white men whose ‘omnis and republloan vrs war respected sallow Ties An it had reat the freedom mbelized by th wost— vast, ‘inclined, primitive — where men could tat and prove thelr man food away from the evilengfnflence of women. When the frenoer af demontating manhood, were niddely cowed, it touched of « widespread cultirl enters A storian Fit J. Gorn vite Where woul sen of mane ome fom fr the worker who Sat ats dell dy? How aul one be nly witost indepen eoce? Whe oe ety to be found a eens fess [Rrenersce? How might ele orrleeen fl asain doing “womeaie wend? What beame of red Indias Sade Inteavelyvothnaized corporation? How could «tao be a ‘putas wh hob kap hm away om Mone for ms fs And so men bgun to earch for ways to econstate gender Ken si, to recreate ways to fel scare and oafident as men. Some Sought wo rt to tone carer year, by prdaiming the Hera ‘Anlisan 2 working alas boro, by eacudiag women, tacky and Inamigrant, or by glbalising the frontier trough imperial expe ‘Son, Bat the most ring efforts had to do with he Bod both ln fevewed efforts to control the dorderiy body, andthe fantany ‘Sots tole the bay in the ccouzenente of awd and raged, ‘rimidveenselity, "Ar men fl heir own sean of ase ‘ding, they turned to fantasies that embodied hero physica ‘Sian, seading novels ofthe Wild West nd chesing tho eplts of ‘esta! end fotoall players" IF menbood could ao longer beproduce, then it could be consumed, by the appropriation of sym Bois end pops tht sigaied carer forms of tub istorans have long noted the trn of the oonty a an era of transition fom a “eltureof proton” to x “eater of ons ton.” Identy was bso les on what one id and mote pon how ‘ne lve. In his clas study The Lonely Crowd, sce David Fiesmam dicerned the sh i dente and ele, botwoen he inser dete” nioeeenth-centary man, a mano strong charac animated by an inner senso of morality, aod the wemth-centiry “other crete” man, esenive personaly animated by a ed 2 fits, tobe led. Tone directed en weat their own way. ould stand alone, tuned to the bum of at interoal grosope: ther ‘Urata mer san a mental rade sete for lactantios in public ‘opinion. For theater erected man, having good personality was the way to win friends and fafluence poop The now man was perety sited forthe emerging cular of consump. Thee new valves were relnfcce i ew fastatons ‘uch asthe department ore, vadevile sage, basealldirnond, tnd the advertising inty They alo underssred the each fora few foundation upon which to ground manhood for the coming entary Suh a search invalid a wooing eniqu ofthe feat, ‘ation of American euler. Ar the tation se for meso ‘were eroding, Americus ba athe hay tus of rege mai ‘es an were Beoming sf, ete, earvatd, To sine, tls was Symptom ofa widespread culture] degeneration, of ace mixing, the “ution of mative bod stock, To cers, api adulation ad ‘rbaniaton had crested a cas of abe workers and ee cas tf bran workers” men who lt at deal ay and never ptaly ter themselves. Othors were preseupid with the fenilation of young boy: since the separation of spores sequted that men Be {vey from heme al ay, tho scialzaton of young boys ha bos cumple taken over by woman as mothe, teacher, tn So ‘ay Schoo! fasructor. To rconstte American manor ert ‘erally to seu bye from the feminzing cathe of walt women fr to restate male ety nthe real of consumption roguitod sev pyeholopeal and cultural averstns of earlier ‘ways to danonstate manhood, Ealyninsteenth-cetry capitalism required adventurss prodacor, men wiling to take rk fn the ‘marketplace. Lat nineteeth-centuy indus eapitalisn, by oom tra, rqurs advent comer nd cation, nid and obe- Sie works. A istrian Sepa Conte poste problem ‘Aran personal wok and pltel arr gnred me's ini {a vale sl, an reputation, masculty ltitegan con Section ith work and pts, 0 material base ‘The Jos of pportes or middle ess mn to sucmedtoelepoynet ‘hd the owing sbordaatin of died works to anagenent ‘cttradiced tadional Gnas of taal: The ales {ner now ce work nial Ame wee leat en tow etc, tumor, the ably to sop rston, New ‘tions of sascelinty hed to be emsoucta tat did not ‘erv lety fom the workplace. [New definition, for emmple, thet indented histor ait ia language from marood, the ier dscted autonomous Aree an producer to mascliy, tho set of qualites that denoted the sequstion of gender identity. While "manhood" had historically bow contrasted ith “hood” to sugast that manhood meant ‘being fly aol, respon, and astonomeou, the new epi of ‘masculiity” wa feria" tails ad aces asoalated with women, ot eilden. Manood wa an expion of Incr charac {ers mescllaty was constantly in eed of valdation, of demonstra. Ne, of poo. TY arin patter of consumption, Insure, and recreation that ‘Aercan man found the danger, adventure, and ds-taking thet toed to be ter erperience in tse wortng fives, Now they four the excitement atthe bascbal park, at the gymnasium, or sting ‘own to read Taran or @ good western povl.Sudeay, book tppaared about the urban “Junge” or "wilderness that men ‘ould experence monly rik and excitement witout ever eving te ‘ty bonks Hie Upton Sinclar lass machraking exp of the Chicago meat packing industry, The Jengle (1902), or Robert Woods work on setterneat houses, The Clty Widens (1888), Or hey coal ip through the page of Ntinal Geographic o exer: tee the pimiive other” ‘One could replace the inner experience of manhood — sense of scutty that rasinted outward fom the tor sl into a tordy tied muealr frame that ad taken shape from years of kasd phys fal norand transform Ie to set of piel characteristics ‘tne by hard wosk in the gymnast. The ea of the vel‘made man gradually used inresingly phyla connotations 0 Uhat by the IS7Ds, the kl of "nner eng” wa replaed by 8 Aowrie of physealty and the body. By te tara of the century, ‘nase, nationwide hel and chloe crane was a fll sag ‘men compulsively attempted to develop many physiques a Way Of demonstesting that they the vitae of manhood. The selfmade man of the 26(08 “éhaped hima by ating upon the ‘material world and [sting] hse in the rub of ompettion by cantry nd, he war making over he pilgue to appeds power: fal physically prhapr to replaethe lot el power he once elt the body revealed the vitae of the man, then working on the body ‘nul demonstrate the poses of vets at one wat Bolger ‘tan one pote 8. The Feminization of Ameicen Culture 1 his popular novel The Bostonians (1885), Henry James con fronted the feminization of American calre. After pursing the young feminist visionary Veena Tarra fr what soeme lie 29 ‘teri, Basil Ransome explodes in rhetorial trent “Thewhole eration woman the maxis an pasing utof the werd 8 fenisine, savour, hatering, ‘ating age, an agoflow phaser sod fale delcy sod ag ‘rated situs and coded snd, which fe dont Shon Tok ost, wil wh in the rea fmt, of the feclast fn fst and mnt peentins hat hs wor ben, Th sas Ine charter the sat to dare ad endure, tokaow snd yt fear cel oak She wold nthe face aed take for wt that what T wan to pres, other rose, and inet 9ou tat ¥ dot inthe leat care what bone fy Ud whe Lake the tempt -Heze wat the ertique of the feminization of American cltre in condensed fos. Something had happened to American soit tht Ia ed to alow of ealtural vitality. of satinal vy ‘Some writers beloved that cltural feminaation wa he natural consequence ofthe invasion of estiral outder the “lhe” ‘whose manhood wa sunect o begin with, Fete of cultusal degen ‘aton were fulad bythe enty cf aupposealy weaker snd ls aces and ethnicities into th growing northern india ety To ‘trea the ity el that bed feniation, wth conform Iie mes sourrying to workin loge bureauerte office, sping fate masslne vitality ia the service of the corporation, “OUr de ate populated by weakling” wrote health reformer Beraart MacPadden in lotr to Present Theodore Result a 107 A few yours eacir, Prank Lloyd Wright bad hare sees of expe tives at thecity evidence of his dda for it enerating qualities ‘plug for banking a position and nt much ee fesimeoferimes avast pehon . Ulungh of toe berdnstoet futon and overgrown. ic geste mouth nthe Word Imani preying upon hamanty = areun---perate fisoar tumor" pipe incongruous mantra of mons Almensone-_ Enorenty deourn manhond, cons pes SSiy by fotation finaly Ur heme ANSE? The Malo that nove no God but ne Mazy blieve tha femineation of Amerian culture wae synony sous with th enleaton of American boyhood, the elo he dominance of wore in theives of young boys--a mothers eft Blooe tome with his young sons, and as teachers In both l= fnentary and Sunday scone, The torn ofthe century teed 8 {ada feminioation of publ schol teaching Tm 1870, about wor ‘birds of ll teacher a publi and private school wer ema by 1000, early three fourths were women, and aloe 80% by 1910 The preponderance of women’ influence fn our public schools ‘warmed ai Solomon Sekineler fn 189, wea eminizing ur boys {vat horde of female teaches” were teaching boys how to become ten, added peyebologt J- MeKecn Catal A 190 report of Ent roup set tothe United Sat to observe Areroen soca tion and bead ofa slg problem In Dian sonaladed that the preponderaneof women teachers meant that "Whe boy in Aseria ot being Broogh up to purch another boys oad oto stand Raving his own punched In an heslthy snd proper manner” {although the report ld at spety the proper manner fr having, ‘ne head pane)” ‘Observes were alarmed abou the fect of pdagogia fomini- tion on young bys, One wir pond two unpleasant ovteomes: he fcnoate baby boy” andthe bad bo,” and suggested thet masculine lnfluenco “Ie nesesary for the proper development” of eSyoung boys. Another water in The Educational Review in 194 fevnplained that woren teacher: had eested "fini man hood, emotional, logis, aon combative egint public vl” This poyhic violence tomas ature” he argue wat begining Warp the payaso or bys and young men into fina. "To others, the problem wast women but the demands ofthe culture ioelf dt made mes "weak, eleminate, decaying and Slmost ead to expire fron sherexhatston snd decrepit” ata fatorial ts the North Carling Prebytrcn pat Hn 1867. The ‘domands ofthe workplace, the rap pe of urban Ie, the cang Jing osrng, churning energy of sory diiven by marketplaes ‘mascalieityrlentlonly on ho-g,ansiows and eager to susced ad singly worm men ot by the end of the century. Over ivlzation bad made men “oversophisicned snd fete” helt ‘egies hil Boe spent, not sad hee manhood diated into ‘undo economic and sca drctios. Suddenly new words such 5" pusyfoot” and “tld shirt” were common parlance, sen Sought to domareatetemaahve from tow who hed fal ita 0 ‘moral and gendered litte, Wome “pty weak’y men” 0-8 Fowler warned, they lve and dite thew re ed faced, aot white livre, right hearty food, not aly, spi nok toting: more muscular than exgube, and powerful han een ate, in mind and bey” Mos tevin omen, and mst dete ofthis ear of ultra feninizatin, was the specter ofthe sy The tern sy wat io ‘and nthe last dacedo ofthe ents, and came to onespult ll the qualities that men were not. Above al, he sary was outwardly feminine in demeancr,comportmeat, and affect. Uf aad is defined by asic, courage, gneroty, modesty, gay, wrote Rak. ford Pyk la his 108 ati against ser n Cosmopolitan aga ine, then the sy was "aby, fe, maw” “chicken heated old and fear.” He was va slender youth figure, smooth faced, Isle vacaoas inthe exresion of ie countenance, ‘wth ight ir and rater ple eyes Ile wide apart: «vice not necesary weak, bat lacing Ube, raonaoee, carrying power” De. Alfred Stile) president of the American Modal Asocaton, ‘voighod in wit lam that "a mar with feminine rat of charac ter, or with the frame and earage a female i spd by bath the ser be tently belong to ad that of which he fe at nce « ‘rcsture anal ‘The emergence ofa vitle gay male subculture in many large America ees a the turn of the century gave an even eater ‘nora urgeny to mens hystefal flight fom the perestion of Tring ai. Here svre real ve gender vers, men acting ke ‘women ad therefore ary maser of Behavior or acon that Was ‘eohent of thse inverts night be mans using To be soe a ‘Sahay wr the worst thing imaginable it meant being evenebing it aman aon, And overything thst «wom (and therfore gu tmso) war Thur did masclety baname a set of atts, tals, {In characteris that ware defined by ther opption to eminin. 4, tothe realm of women. Men were fanatical in thelr raolute ‘dance of ll emotions or behaviors son as even ema) fem Tine. This eonctrn with thesia of Amerean manhood wat {rpeonouseed ty the ir ofthe censty that men sous to deme ‘Sate theron rom women by ay mean at Wee dpa. Beards Sd mouacher perience a cultural raval, a8 men sought Yo Sharpen te incon in manner, appearance, and yl between ‘he esas a Way of mung the increasing saris of everyday lf, and thus mask men’ neeasing gender anny To hes 208 ‘curd with feminization, American manhood was seen a iste, eles, ndarpe Iebocdd a quick pleksme-up ot of energy, & ‘tality boetr. American maghood needd opp op 4, Men's Bodies, Mens Selves And pump up men dain droves Tho tun ofthe century wit resod a nationwide heal erzs as Uxousnds of American men ought to aoquire manly physiqus, shove up flagging energy, of develop masaline harness as ways of eounteing the pereved ‘mint of eltue. The health craze varia othe perpet tion ofa vine pation laied ous contemporary cheer Cymasioms, stl lbs, cutdor gts nd metods f ex: ‘Gio and ote aril meta of cottng to and cononing thorns vigor and vr o the race ake the pace of he ard ‘ipsa labor th ear pred, orth lovect iy sn enn, ‘hen pla development eng ace, veo tas promplngof inline and expen, and the mora ies of Ecos hae Begun fe work of devon and deo:‘This preceupaton withthe phys body fitted the easton from Inner directed men, who expressed thal fer selves in the workplace and at home tht is in their “real” lives to eter ‘iced men, conoemed with aoqirng the ealturaly define trap ping thet denoted manhood, The facressinginnportance of the Fry of phat, meant that men's bods arid diferent ort cof wight than expressing the man within. The body id nat eons the man; it wae the mat “Tue ofthe century men lacked to aes who preeribed tone ‘and cits guarantee to put hair on their chets nd ef their Step, Mea lke Rus Trl, funder ofthe New York Hydropathic tnd Physiologial School, who procatmed. che virtue of hydropathythe famed "Water eure™ which Savaled seam: Indico sweats or plunges ini water. Or Robert Ed, who sme Impure hiding everywhere inthe feminized ouscold and aed ‘gas wallppey, reper, carps and Euopeanized fart (Or Horace Fietchez, whose propel that we mastoate each bi of food 1,000 times before swallowing was prodiaimed a a way € recover balh and challange tho "gobble, gulp, and go” eble man eof marketplace masala. Or Borsa MacFaddon, the cle. brated founda of Physical Cultuo, who promoted anew muscular ‘manhood tbe bil frm puted bd, dovp neathing eerie, igorous workouts with babel, and large dose of bis breakfast (real, Stengto. (McFadden wae alo the proud inventor of “pericope, cylindrical gl tube with ruber bose at ons ead sttached to a vaewom pump, designed to enlarge the male organ.) ‘And men consumed vast quant of thse manly concoctions. Like Syvetor Graham's erackers erin the cen, or ©. W. Posts new Grape Nuts (101) promoted a brain food for the bur. rong whitecllar clas Bocese "brain workers must hav fer. {it fod than ay laborers” Or. H. Kelloggs rola ake of whole om, which wore Buta prt of is total oath rien. In 1000 one firm publshot a lst of 65 inpovted and 42 domestic botled waters forsale, complete with the gographc source ofeach water, and ‘bef mote alerting potential purchass to tele pole wedinel properties. And men bought enormous nurbers of the advoe man tale and gode boks to find out how to become and remain manly inthe faco of constant threats —bacs such a Willan Hulk lows {0 Get Strong end How to Stay So (ST), and MacPadden's om Superb Monhood were turn into bestsellers, the fit sall-blp books ofthe aw centr ‘Ascaler inthe ceatary, when the word Is exprieoa! as ot of conto one remedy to gain control over the body Many tora of the ceary health reformers continued thei predesasor? merbid Fascination with controling male sexually, apctally the body’ ‘ais, way to gun contro the forse that were sepping meas ‘ere, A recurting somone metaphor marke many post ball “dhe books, men were enesuraged to sve, conserve, and invert ‘hel ood, theft ofr productive bods and to avoid une tury expenditure or profligate waste ‘Crusader against masturbation were divided about de inne tells ofthe satay view To sme, coed inthe mediate ‘net of teva eprevty-comortng with protitues, unbridled Int thatthe young man ould no longo cota, and ultimately, lexi end caly dent Masturbation sass cro that “blancs the cea, that Sake the nerous stom nto rln, ha clouds he Intl, that braks down the integety of tho wl, that launch fsoasculated in nto arya of Hopeless iat, collapsing In premature death” wrote G, Douglas 1000, To others, mastba {on woud 0 drains practioner that he would have no ardor eft ‘ove for seal etviy. Wind Halls advice bok, From Youth 0 Manhood, poised by the YMCA in 100, clave that sine mas turbaton i assatural, i "more depleting tha is normal seta Interne’ Thay, a io compensation, nator would exact revenge, "removing, sp by step, hs wanhood."= ‘One could counteract thee tendencies trough phyla and die tary teginant Eating Cor Flakes for breaifst, for example, ‘ised by JH. Kellogg ar masive anaphvoditac to temper and ‘tenuily reduce sexal ardor in American men. Kellogg wes pet haps the most cretive and hysteria turn of te cunury health Tetormer. Kellogts boos, lke Man the Materpice (888) and Plan Fats or Your ond Old (1855), were bestsellers of poplar teltimprovemest, providing gulde for young en and thet pr. (ots about son acd beat ving, Kellogg wae fanatical a bis pul of masculioe purty. Hs gon ‘cl beth rime inched1. Kneading and pounding onthe abdomen ech day to promete ‘racaton befor sleep and ar sveiing tating cong 2% Dring ot water ott let las « dy (ene end in ‘3. Urnatig several nes ach nigh (meen in view). 4 Avoiding set tebneo, aed tea bona hey stimulated Ieeberot hough {5 Tang old eae and ot se bate each dy. 1. Wearing a wet gle t bd each igh Bt i che concern wat masturbation, In Pain Facts for Old nd Young (888), Kellogg provided anni parents with fightew ingly temati isto hity-ice sgn of tnastrbation, intoding pisical and behavisral changer Soch lst could provoke sity In vitally every parent What ould they do about ths plague la 2 chapter called “Treatment fo Sel Abuse and It Eft” Kelloge Tada eof eiling home remedial ation to bandaging th sgt, and covering the organs with cage, ad tying the han Kellogy so recommends cearocion, “without administering st ‘nacht as th bie pln attending the operation wl have fslotary effet upon the nd, especially iit be connected with the {a of punishment.” Parents of dar bays may’ be forced to have ster slurs placed over the fren of her nn pesto prevent ‘oston. “The prepuce, or frei, i drawn forvart over the fla, and the meee to which the wie attach pase through Irom on sdeto the other, After drawing the wir through, the nde ate twist together, and et off clo ts now impose for a8 ‘rection to acer, and tho slight imitation thar prodosed acest ‘nos powerfl means of overeong the portion to ert to the race” (Alough the stent to which Kellog adic sag tone were followed by tered part simp to kom ‘an only erage at the ponibiy that any di) By dhe 1010, mach of hiss! pani gan osu, in part boctus ofthe popularization of Freudian prychotalys, Lena cle, Froud was a Slr oppoaent of sexual purftsnism, and the “daly f the spermatic esnony. To Freud the seca nti wes {us that, a stn, nerfed ad nono. "Sesl Morality ad Modern Nervouses” (1808), Freud argued thatthe ation ofp cal deplion had it backward war conten not expend of semen, that was isjurlous to men The only azz om mastbe ton wat the gat tht wadtenally attended "Masturbation sa Tale des not such hare beyond that whieh we bale ft be ‘rong was bow one phyla put ear lve a ne ex me © atroginio or ore acouratey, «cultural edaiogy of disease. "ot no sooner wa the fo of depletion rough mastarbation ered ot aes proble for men Un problems with malesexaaliy Found anther tw, of, raber, avery ol, case Dr. William Robinson's Sem! Impotance {i913} war an enortouly popalat tueatrent of mal eal problems, gong tough ttc eitons. obiwon arp that der datos had exaggerated thes asoa ted with aturbalon i certainly war not he cause of impotence, Tinfact, ten were not to be blamed for impotence; women were, tine I wae womens lack of espensivenet to male sel sd ‘which cuscesbeted and sometime even oaaed impotence. The Pres was, a be coined the ter, “riety” in wemen, which ‘a no cll ut he rey” Once agaln, ale sexually was wom ‘Dy the end ofthe century, pyelatits and prychologts were baming sndern soley or many of mens pachalogsal problems Some rlormers euggested that two the pac of wc tht exc Imes problems-the rash ofthe modern, the clanking Barrage of Simul the peodntve frenzy. Men simply wore hemsaver out ‘mentally well physeally: Dr. Edwaré Jarvis, speaking before the Amarian inetttone forthe san a 851, pated hs Finge lt mobility and indian ‘Nownismcenaiy confined tobe work... of father. fit ae ope al are nied to ln he stele. They ate ruling FA Ghat whch they extn each Shae mental Dower ate said t Une tat terion, The inde Joga. thy are pele wah the arty of osirmourable ‘Sule had thy ae thao with he oefectea labor And, Peter Beye ad ofthe Alsbama Inne Hepa, found in 1872 that metal ese was moe common among pe atthe most fev tie of If” agp 35 to 40. “Habe aterperanee, seul ‘icose,evestain i balay Sat all thos habits which fend to keep up too rapid eoreral actin, are supposed to induce this Form of dae Ie le eserially «dsc of ot if, ane at bosons in eee oten™®‘No one understood the psyeholglal and sat fos of mo xncivaationbuter than George Beard and De 5, Wet Mitchel Beards American Nersuanes (861) and Sexuel Nrurathena (1864; vevied 1902) tntodaced 8 new pychologlal lay at “Amecican if: zasrahani, oa quickly bees nowt fhe Popular pes, “brain sprain” Neaarthens, Beard cleimed, as he ‘eal of ovecliaton”~-chnge such steam pow, th pert oli pres, the telegraph, the scenes The outeome tsa hot of ‘ymptoms, iacudinginsomaia,eyspepaa, Ietera,hypochonsa ‘thie, headache sin zsi, bay fev, bales, ine, bok Asis, cold flash, nervous exhaustion, brain sllape.“Mdern ervousnas is tho cry of Ue tem strugallng Wit sent Michi! agzeed. tn his bast sling Weor and Tear; Hine forthe Overcorhed (801), Mitchell sbcrved thet the "row of re maladies has bon ordinate” boca the nervous tern of cor tain clases of American being worlyoverarod" The ese wes ser ie {he cruel competition for shed, the new and exacting babs Of bine the racing speed whch the telegraph nad allay hav intredaced ito conser fe, the men valve which et fortunes have comet poses 8¢ mets tower soll advan ‘ment and tho breredacton and trerstaning of oa yong people ‘sn resultof this "wear and ta," the incest cares of overwork, of Basins ante” Americans were slfering fom -ayopeps, oom. ‘tumption, and meladin ofthe heat "Nove before had acura! Sgn read ina more gndered prescription and cure. Nearathenln tended to lover gendered Fealth, mscliniing women and ferlisng men, Sp neurathende ‘women were therefore tobe coined othetr bs, to remain com ltl Sle sd unstimulated; thoy had to reiveat Ur femininity For erample, Chaltt Pekin Clan wat diagnosed having ‘urate in 1885, whon she war 35, by none oter thew Di ‘Mitchell, “Live as deat life pond” heudved er “Hare our child with you allthe time, Lie down an hor afer each ea. Have but two hours nella if a day. Ane nover tues pon, brah, oF penal as long as yu lve” Gilman was obedient she “went home, followed those dretion rig fr ont, and ume perlouly closet leng my mind" she wrote fe her ary. er ‘Bort story “The Yellow Wallpaper” offers a ciling dsexiton of her experienc, and what might have happened had se nt had the strength to got out of bed.) Men, by contrat, were pushed out 10 tween dade ranches fake ithe macuincng freshness of the ute dao Men, afr al, had wo relaven hele maealiny, Bi {ng the range, resting the fies county ai, and xeting the boy and resting the mind were curative fr men and in the last 0 ecades ofthe century large umber of weak end puny easter ty ‘en—lte Theodore Rowevat, Owen Winer, Frederie Remigton {End Thomas Eakina—all went weet fo Enda cre fr thelr ttf tent manhood. Tat each returned doors! convert, temps. Ingen ae othe teu par otto bow 5, creating Manod in the Ost-Doors ‘The effort to recreate American manhood went outside the home ox the bedroom, cusdethe factory othe entpration nt leisre Sod recreation, Include the reducovery ofthe tone ase of Who wildrnen Tenages, colo student, aod young male clarks filled dialer with an endew lit of thelr outdoor activites serything from boxing to hiking, for ie skating t football a bball: One physician proposed that w eartain cue for hay fever was a "uso ffm work” not bucase contact with te allergen ‘wool cae the malady, bat beets o'door work wold ear vr {ly anything. “Get your clare int the enn one rol eats Sdvertioment for Witmington, Delaware, urged potetial bayer 1005. "The cites murder dlden. The hot pavements, the dst, the ‘oe, ae fatal is many cass and harmful lays. Tho history of ‘ceafal men nearly way the history of cant boy” And i ‘otto pcan, a lest to ret or vk "Thousand of rd, ere ‘hake, over-cllzed poop are bginnng to ind cut tht going 0 ‘he mounts I going home; that wildeoes «bees wrote John Muir Ard George vans adviee Wane hit ction fal ih bing ‘eres, The wderes wil tab bl on ou Twi sv ou {eed ve lod, wl tare you rs weakling nt an.Peshaps, but for many wilder explores or vistors to newly minted “dude rancher” which were often nothing nore than aed ‘ale rances reopened ar consi heath spas~the wet had been nsformed ito’ gigantic theme perk, sally unthreateaing, ‘how natural beauty Was protected en an art nut. The hese ‘moa who so grephically memoralind the premodern west hovelse Oven Wit, pater Predere Remington, aad natalit President Theodore Roozevlt were all effet eaten intelotels ‘who spent ne on Shae ced western ranches ad eediscovee hair manhood-—and pent thereto hit adult lve shang wes sf thee conversion ™ Hunting experienced a renaisance a the usm of the ety Jost 4s modern metiods of sapeing bee had ben developed, tn the hun was no longer a material none fr survival, eine ss rotetion and fantary inthe proving of manhood. Teodore ooutelt organized the Boone and Costett Clu taencburag big: ‘game hunting. "Hunting big game inthe wilderes,” he and 00. Found George Bird Grincll wrote In 180," spot fora vigor ‘ous and masterful people" Wiliam Kent, « Celina congrestan oncerad about the degeneration ofthe roe since the duper ‘nce of tho cave man, rejoiced in the svagery of he but. Aer Til une declared, "you area barbarian, and you've gad of Is (god tobe a barbarian -. and you know that you are «bab fin, you ao at any rates man” Some commentator dt care hw the meat was cbained, as long asf ar conse. May health reformer, including Graham, had chonnod restating, ‘aiving that lt ected the system and stilated eal pasion ‘To the masuliast health relormers, mest eating wat ¢ pon aner to fominlzd manhood some claimed that «dt deed of ‘ed meat would preveat the baling of fll manly power, Ge ge ‘eard dsebod his encounter witha vegetarian a gendered ters, the hikers “pale and feriaice festa tinged with an uneatal flus” repelled Bear. Following popular sedi! bali, Wood ‘Hitehinu claimed that one needs bod t make blood, move to ‘make masse, and thatthe way to health was thoxgh consmption fare quantities of barely cooked bea. Hutchinon tsonted ge ‘asians for bing replld by "Moat Rese mest, d-rippng with blood, rareckng ofthe shambles." By eating rd meat, men wee erally coneimingmaatood 6. Sports Crazy Tn helat intent century, Ameri went "sports ean." the ‘natlonwitnesed a biyee cere, drama ncreas tenis, gl boyling, meting, and boxing, now extern over fotal sd racing, hae interet in basketball, and the spectacle of beball Sports were heralds! as characte balding beat teformers promived that alec activity would make young men Feather ad intl meal vrtare. Sports vere a central elem the fight against feminization; sports made boys ito men, Sport ‘were neers, according toD. A. Sargon, to“coustecut tho ene. ‘alg tendons ofthe times and to improve the health, strength, nd vigor of opr oth ios they provide the Best Bi Foner Cercle fr the body, and develop cosrage, mannan, and ‘ntl’ Spor aided youth fn "he struggle for malin” wrote Co Walter Fiske to Boy Life and Selj-Government. Maniiod required proof sports were i conta ting ground, whero mea proved they were men, and not women or homeseuals. One English newspaper chaponed ales for sabstituting the “ots of man forthe Trak ofthe fop hardiness for effemioacy, snd ‘eset for aioe indlonce More than physeal manhood, ports were celebrated for itiling moral vine mt wll Here, peal, the masulinst response to (he eras of masculinity resonated withthe ant-urbea senuiments of ‘hose who fared modern dustrial seit. Sprt developed “cour ge, steadinas of neve,” “reoureflnes, snowlege, sll ellanc," "tbe ably to work with etbr” and "readines osabor- Aigate slic Impalas, personal ders, and Individual erat toa ‘omen end elimed Frances Waker, present of MT, ah ‘nde to tho Phi Bota Kappa t Harvard ia 1680. The Wedeyas Univesity Blin eserved in 1595 that tho end of the cetary "is ere of smpant atest, Bat thes contest lay Weir past In ‘aking sturdy eltens and aling men in tho lvelable qualities (loyalty, ssc, obedonce, and temperance” Sports could ‘ese American boys rem the “haunts of disipaton” that seduced them in tho ite the taverns, gambling parm, snd brothel, cording to the Brooklyn Fale. Youth news recreation, the New ork Herald ais, nd i thoy ca et healthy and morally, ‘hey wl wk if unbealhly and immoral at ight, india saoonsorth galing tabs, nd fe ha pao i of aed te eta ey Sm of tt eng gn. Theft ee waa nD re ot bean 1 Te ‘eronn Bowling Cages was fetal i ee ‘les tne abo Sort ctrl emer ie pene cst tty cel han ow Thre WSkatinte eno feta Ca, wing ‘iesnnord wie gad ete a which the prone of ran populations was eel” Nowbere we Seer tan nga heap ant ta bot an say sd pate rs Tees ee ene ‘Stl mechan hh aay wrest ke ‘Sint beryl chery ase ee ‘Ny td iti Get were ora toga ea ‘otig pt mma tne eke cay an Se Sethe epee teat ons Mr vba one ong fn wet 288% “Ti vated ag ssa tag tick of a hed ee ot Sie Scie ses detec artes ref enna peace es eran Wis; ating was iereasagy popular tthe tur ofthe century AS ‘te yg let woe tee ‘omantinc cf most, cy ot bong es Sowthan nr mati brn oe asohot sane ae at An wm here No ent Noe in ‘Stuy Spying, tpesns cere heed Witionstn wv rnd ean se ees ‘incu gine mesa eae ‘in asin “vopan sce on weeny Sard naga tn rks wear eae teagan roe, ov tisorn ete he SGP yl ey ghar, Th fanting ty fre cl poe ing in Amer, ‘The Manly At, hn Gorn dare wy that wean Tecra tgs teat a ey ne So lnpy of ed oe a Seca bas ‘hate fi intsen had dure enon a ‘and crused aris autonomy, hosing revved in a fonied Tantary of vielen. Eosing wat a "proton and boners were “rained” vasoas sooo” of fighting, Newspapers repcted that the combatants “went to work,” ee ope "made food work” of his ‘pponent,Adiisers spe of the way that parr fights “pied tha trade or understood the ars and misters ofthe pups meter, Word ke art"-ience” and “eal” were tosod about ‘ten sein unioree Borer ested prletaranzation; they com Utlled ther own labor and were foe of work dipline and ther {ty relations, Hore was "manly at ohich iste ae expresed ‘olen massline power snd egured craftsmankhe sl a artis Ue dete Boxers gmbolized autonomous artisanal manhood at the very momen of ts dsuppearance™ "so one symbolized the eat of “sercntal vty” better than Joh ts Salva, a walling embodiment of the remascalnization of ‘America, perhap the “gests Amoscan hero ofthe lat 10th cen {uy With his aay swagger and wellwaaed moustache this ih ghter vealed wt er of artisanal hoot, “the rowing desire torsmash through the off ofboargeots gently und the tangle of ocprate eanarements sche Heobbing heat of life” And wo one (Sala syeliee the deme ofthis rlomphant ture of atsnal ‘Ranhont than te energance of Jak Joheson, the frst black hey ‘weit boxing champion, Flamboyant and poweefl, Johnson wis The Hack specter that hasated white worksgmen's ese of mane hood ine antellm daps~the specter that waked fee blacks ‘would ump over sled white sorkes tn the workplace, the Tatroom, ad nw, i the sporting wld they bl dears in het srisinal burt the boxing ring” Bascal, to, enespulats how sports wore wed to recreate a threatened manod athe tur ofthe entry. Thoadore Rooeelt listed beseball ini st of "he ewe spor fora manly race” Jat a ome rc hd ule nbeter hore breading, Edward Masball ‘ined 1010, 20 basball “rolled In improvement in man treding™ "No by can grow to prlectly normal manhood today ‘without the beef ofa lout saa amount of baseball experi Thee and practice” wrote Willan McKeen is popular advice fanaa Poting the Boy (1012), Perbape novelist Zane Grey sald it ‘ast, Al boys lve ancl” wrote “If hey do the'e ot real boys ‘And they've not real Americans, for escball was herald aspromoting civic, as wollasgondere, vst. AJ. Spalding enue ‘td, allteratively, In his Ameria’ Natlonal Game (191) American Courage. Confdenen. Cambativnen American Das, ‘Daspline, Determination; Ace Energy Bape Ent: siasm: Amedean' Fuck, Paster, Peformance Amen Shit Sega Stee Ararfan Vin, Vig, Vy Such American values were Crit vals, replacing the dee Cred ioral fa Ste ie with the Healthy ily of ‘Aercan mano areody for he aay ei eng em Ue Inmoralasocations bys and young nen of or ter are ap Socom conned wit sd therefore drag the codes heey slergyan in he country Barba wg fort Tdi and ol, imperatine forthe Bet and mora fiber of Indy socal rom ppt and advice aml the vit of bse Sal wer sounded These wits sed the rrface,estnomy and aussie fedependoce ttc smulanoaly enon obedient, sel Scere, dinping. and rgd rach. Wile sort "Bre « Product of eae feet and canning” a reabilation of he Cary barbara enorme Thoin Veblen pt stra tog regimen aio “wonder to soonmis secab” Spor ‘eprodced thr character walt equred by inti expan, tnd paricaton by working la joatht wa ald ot mecha: ‘am of vung sedis asthonty and acaptane of leer. ‘ly. Banal von of asl Bow at wh coral) dg: the mst esd he basal eld wa ener. fn ect eompstive, ly gare soy con tele ad ody arena, coy mpl by power adsl As ‘ch, the macy seinem te basal fil abo fac teal Sosy and scence fo auth that would save ho Itntenene of he emerging nda capital onde ‘Bascal wa tn, andi wu sn, sty ave, ow {og the leno pou agpresion Sn a hat clay cept ale way. "One thing in ccninon aah ne wre tie ev. Foland D, Sanger in 1908, -we ub shuld hgh and low, we ‘pask witht wating fr an trodntons wo fone everythng lanih al the pty convertion Sing ald ede” Novel ‘nd former miot league ballslayer Zane Grey echoed thes st ee i oe pace where ce kat. Ragamuine and vet. Frente, wit soared bos stand nha equal which ugar trl forthe fur ofthe sas and i: Day ater ae 20 br tothe game if tae owner fat afd to sol em. wae not jst masculinity” that was constitute through sports, ota partealar Kad of masculinity whitoand mide as. Base ball perpetted rary even st seamed to challenge By the uf the sezond decade o the oontry, ome of the inoence of {his lsory souton was lt. I 1010, he world was shaken dato, ‘he World Serie seanda that iovolved the ifamous Clcego Bock Sen” who had appareaty fied the sre. The canal expvted ‘Amerioan toe. Comrie had “come to dominate the poring, ‘Quality of spor heroes were venal and he pristine pastoral was ‘Speed es cont, pat ofthe emergent corporate ort, and not he alternative to hat people hal agin But by then wa too later the corporate order would fae lew and lew organined ‘Spponiton ftom 4 mobbed snd ified working elas. Th econ toed mately tha ra encouraged by baal had epeond traditional definitions of matali) and was fully cocommedated tothe new capitalist onde Thegengrapi rote wae replaced by the ontild fence, workplace atonomy by watching 2 soLlAry fiche and bate square of agai one another From the bedeoom to the baal! dazond, from health bas to ‘pcb, fn te ceasing sanitarlin to the neighborhood rene ‘Se, Ainerloan men woot searching foe a seve of manhood that had omc ben lst The tor of the cuts found en ooking, is wehave aleaslooke for acensing coutel over out Boe, 48 Indication that we had mastered ap untuly self, and wore able to tre ourave ito productive machines. How ioniothat ou fers to vet bung tne Into machines in the arena of production had ts torn ourselves Into machines of consumption: Ue solar body tres va tecple han template ofthe bratty, elconrled sed Therefor self pomeed san. Alonge thee incresngl desperate ‘fos to contr the body and is dere ad appatte, American ‘hin retested fo masculine fantasy eamgs, the untamed outdoor ‘Beball damoad a dude ranch, to eperone vias the ri {gel manhood that we imagined of our mythic anes “Tada, of coun, the body remains no les + ste of masculine root ultimate testing rox for tet ia world in whichcollective solutions to the problem of Went ses ll bt diced ‘ted, If manhoodavcharacter dow not emanate fon ini to be ‘presedthaugh the body, perhaps marly pesonality can beupplied tothe body, os evidene of at inner experienc ere it "Sabsone If we donot eserone that manfond the workplace, ‘ve metaportaly create the workplae in the resin of conn, ion ape" work out oF at we experience "performance amity ‘hat oe "ol" wil nat perform adequately 0g the fb done ‘hid an acti that wa once considered pleasure, Or We head of te corporate “jangle” replete with signifies of ease raged fanhood~ devin Jorp Chere, eating power te, Timber: “and shoes, Stetson or Chaps cologne, before We head af o bond ‘with oer men forthe woskend ata Raber ly eset, Now, a ‘then, what we Toe in reality we rereate i fats. soi haar Sone hoc Toa Se” uM bY Con Lawes, en te i en a 0 er sees Sein yr a ‘ss tt ve rel arty yong cee ud th way wc eat Spee ra ea deteeenn el pe eeu ditnen megane ara meer EMIS oben tenon Ear and To Ii 178. “Man wor presen the Ss ss SS a aremrociens i per hwo be rere cong 2 oc (Sak 5 oe fee min tn hay hypchondia yates, olen of al the sea, ton, Sone ie te bance lo ‘eos, seeker epunipeeThanyssryast Gan waned cae enka age Sires batter Sie aie ioe ee ste gtr nes eS en Sein arc aren a eet eee eee ers ESL rere nese sc Higa Wr of Women sd ee Rint Cay aa py fon Rm wee rae fa se ah eh et ne ee enc a abn ee SE cam tog ro pial ee trace "eran an Pn (a: Uren in ra ‘hss Henne os ee te "Spee etc a he 1 Rea atae eae hoa ee A aan mee eens ry eee reteset Pees sete Reza. iaee ee gno tee {ew tesa Ut Pre 1 21 The Br mgr» meted Scie ements ‘eg # erony td, 816 LB ; Peis we int hn So mn San he a ee soI aja ny, Moyo Chien Hao Fai. Sa Stn, fi ed Me. fone, Wi spate ala fa ay ti Nr de aes SS Nea * ‘oo ken, Cte Pha! de 3 ‘on ary Ge, Ff Aria eth, Fe rad Aes Sy ascent Rag Ss "San Coe Ca at "zoe bt 8 enraged oe sul emote int sac egg ‘eran eae ncn nats aa sccm ace 2 Dong, “Stl yn fa Roper te Chon ‘ase acetate Wii ooh Md Se bemceeeens ‘pr ovt and walk arvand the Bock blare breaks” (58 ™ Topi paemeernee 4 betettay pus ns ‘ig rt Fes ode to roel yond Hie Fara ale eel ee eae, iene tien Ra sea rea epee erp et oe ees Seaesetteeant erie mare octet ere tn ee ee eee RoE e ramet: mana ee ira era ee ane Sos ec ae ee eee “Lipptncont, 1881), 28,8, 67. meh sg on tot ari ton Pe es gee sopnnagayian at ne eee sei ed ec a eat aad ted FT Conon ihe Wiss sro ey uses a : ced A Nash, Wilders andthe Ameren Nid (Now Haves Ya Univeraty Prom 1307, 189, “nea oy oie SSS Seems a EERE ieee ree, ee aa ii ite Onn ica 88, See nin ae sei emieraa ae tah Soe aan ete ctee Se aes Pe ee nt rh Ste Sve rt Shon mt som Pears Se sme eet tino ce riers ite nae ete Sa ce Ss ones ne tno aa Cm rt Sing settee taro ht pe rip i age ce sane 3B Be Coy aoe te le, Heth Se Rl Ameren iter Te bee hie vay eaSAM FUSSELL BODYBUILDER AMERICANUS ee tty wich fo 1 Seng the Sta ur fin de see ts ooking dine inde tle. Floppy beret, feltteen jackets and ies are out but i thee placer tps, teape and dle Maca are the att props ofthe dandy. The mod fra tae would no more lee bis cond without is sorte than the elghtrst-eontury rake would willingly prt with peruke, beast spot and whiteface (Opens magazine. Tura on the talevison, You cant Mame Grad for wiping hs gases It doe ook asi eveyone har lowed an alr. From the gargantean contestants on crash te ion shows like American Glaictor to Presdens Beage, Bush fad Cliston prod in photo-ps to “pur a litle ron," every were, Curent etna put the figure et twenty aillon Amer ‘ate who doit, end it you doubt, grab a ie table tcoektal hour fd wine the ght starapode rom Ue offset the gym! Take out eet tothe tarsi al watch th world bighe-pld movie ‘as, Stallone and Schwarzoneggr, lx no Fight, chop and charm. Catch the Cavin Klin modal lthing magasine, everyone of vnhom pots Charles Alar to shame. Noto tho Bank line, and the Trstomer before you, another selfgled wide guy, whose shaved {bd shaped chat lols Uke the burnished oman brectplate ofa ‘iy eenturon. Males, Not een year ago the symbol of dev Se thi form i ow the norm ‘Of cour, there's nothing new about caviar dsteton. Thikof tho Chinese and boun fet or Vicorion maton squteing thie ‘hares into the cont. Or, tn ou ova day, the Ubangesporig IP land ear spool these of hubeap, the Bsa Padang seating oops rt chin fo vist create gate els, tla earl cation, ofthe wasp-walss ofthe New Grinesn Tete. what “precedente itis pic exterior tpl, ti soporte oF ‘muslor. And fa uigulytweslthcetury a liking neon How sport parts Lath bodvers ck Tela of pore ‘lator sels for the majority whe he confoes:“If yo sk ny, the whelebodyballng subeulture& ikea ek show a ies" ‘Whe Dicobuls has is dens, and Davi hr sling, the sean ues of the bodyblier are nothing but hi Diy-Clo posing, trunks, hs bot tamin-e-minate, scat tae of posing, 1s gtasey his wtitider ‘That und his muse, whic men > ‘atte. Dsgutad, the sporrtr dope te bodybuilder in me bins the profesional weer, And why oot If sports are ‘lua! performance of mock com, bodybuilding ant pro wre thing take one sop further, They are an ara & an abrae, ‘Whi thai mac hallgranloquenn, they parody pred Tt dxper than sport. spectacle. Ad Its rots relly ze the Big Top. Tt was Ziegiid who promoied the world fit body bhulde, Eugene Sandow, in Ue 1800 Under the masts dec tin, Sandow toured the US in a gaan las bl! a, wearing nothing but aig ea snd ase. Modern ay body spy ‘ontinue the tradton. Ar pro bodybuilder Aaron Baker puts I ‘Thats what We: shock vale, Tthinkitsupto wa perorers > ‘entertain the crowd. Thi show basins Schwarzenegger sa tho same: "Pong pure theater Tundortand that end 1 lve ft” “My body hae always been dramatic" Tt the Greatest Show on Earth The bodybuilder comes complete with everything but ve set restruning rope and eastors To ths da, "eay” the highest omplinent ove Dodybulder en pay sneer. Bat the bodybuilder [lesin the todtlon of the crew song man than the bearded Ws unnerving beau Is deply androgynous. Tes semebow simultaneously Bally end sy, butch and femme, 3 Come Back othe Bench Agi, Arold Honey! Steroids or not «natural bodybuilder i an cxyenoron Body Toulding ofa what olga to paper. It erally "warped “That’sthe trick. The ok ea carefully alivatd, a painting paved soa bons tee, And theres noting natural about "While the wiser atl he bly shave oot down on drag, on alr or water ositanee, the bodybalider shaves to mabe sure MS ody i sen without obsraction. Hie performance las in being oked at ogld,appriod. For thse modern-day exam, ne the theatsality ofthe zeta their backdrop, the sare he ‘lsinate ward, Wen reveral of orroles, with he baller aking trditonallyfomale role body ns object To be "bull" or “alfed™ neane Hterlly polished oot like people but furniture, Not for thing © the Bodybuilder tania bate known ar “brome” Every movement ofthe bodybuilder i wltconsiows presentation fd aiplay. Take the sisintve and dramatic walk ofthe body bracers that weirs wade of muscles on pared. With he ‘Shows held wide fom the bod, thighs spread far par, th wal ‘Suan, ae prooning a» model flounee down the rena. Quintesentally urban, bodybuilding i ncrticably itortvinad wth homorensl eam. Susan Satag remark: "The whole plat of inp tte dethroce the ssous™ By making a Inbor of leeure, 2 ‘onaion of recreation, bodybuilders nmpoon rage lave snd nina Tonlvers, Hi fs perversion of partis, and uitastnisn. re ‘Ses se isa to a ger, but orl eyebrows They teat once fanctionles, yet highly futon Gam ntodunesu er sander artifice san Sa, deat ty? my Sotag. Every body's goal st cove “ho Apollo ha Tea’ in which he enbdinpfct symmetry. The cso lhe by esng pulleys and babel to ines evtainbodypart nd dere lies unt at lng la, the neck measures these I ‘Sreunfernce athe am so the calves, whe he cst mesures ‘ios one hi "The exenceof camp t love ofthe unpaturel of atic and exaggeration” Thome who actully work wth ther bodes don ook ‘ecotly li Rodybullder, whether ibe dh vllage sth oF farmers under thet John Deere caps. In fc, the worlds omg tmon Gch ss Rest Vs Ale) lok ie Jacke Clason. Bat {Brough dumbbells and eale rete that teporaayDallooa the ‘ude, and stringent dtng that sins the ats, tho body baller bhauks on arifee to give him the appearance of spostacular muse Innit. Camp "The curved lin, tho extravagant gesture” 1s the revenge ofthe hip on the square rte stright am his erally {he curvedontourofabadybuldorr body, every mace ball, ae4n dnt contest tothe right angle and level eg that fran “he stright” Hiss the ody pli, hs muscles are a raging cream of isent Like the tansveto, today’ muslefop wrap hime op 0 clamal drapery. Hie males are what Mihi clls the ortifce tone of syle ‘Bodybuilders blur the ditinetion between He-men and City sis He shares her obsason withthe scala: (Oh my Coal I'm Tetaning wate!” their mutual lament). Both sav food with "oral properties; for him, high n protla "gp" high i fat “ads for her al fond Sad. Hie etoteroe tes ood ages archer hormonal mood swings af PMS. His joy incloavge, ae ‘ed bythe tanto, which sa estat to his bouneng breasts Toke ke nothing 20 mach aa male halts, i ry i cleanse sccentuatod bythe pusl-ep bustier. Both bor ae testament Dysel pasion, made mores, ta cach ess, by shaving the loge od the underarms The bodybuilder corns Dav with Cait, ‘Beauty with the eat. At this pint, leather flue I gender ending as amusing aid confusing ae Carol Channing (a woman playing a man playing « woman). ‘Whether it be beet or cheecake, i stillcak, I's n0 wonder ‘hatin this word Heeman Micky Harytay met and arsed Gia ‘el Jayne Mara tat, im anther ace of blr meeting bulges, Mae Wast of Myra Breckenier fries amonet a gaging saae of bodybudrs in that posing trunks. The only wonder is that Acoold Schwarzenegger dent marty Doly Paton “Thate women are not meant to lok re” sy decor Candide Royale, speaking of porn actrees, With thelr bostung Ue and ‘dy Gdiva golden tease, heaving scone hooters sod sinc log pasion pink are fingeraaly “They are ot epreetatins. ‘Thay arefantayor distortion made caer, nade ates $0 to, the bodybuilder, sth hs halle of energy. He sybolion force exsing through sheer wil He symbols. the dynamo, dood ois purest form, hesymbolzs the penis He glonifis hs ‘own lands, just as Jean Genes muscular Areand, from The ‘They’ Journal, defn is “immodes atte” "Wore walk swith thar tit Bulging, don't they? They parade them dont they? Wel, 1¥e got ight to let my balls sick out pople can soe thet, land event offer them on later" he mascleman i, quits erally, the cock ofthe walk, Me hoes tis hard boty (to be soft Is anathema) forthe boardwalbs an the ‘dieu. Fhemecdera boulverier i targd himsall, coursing Wh vias, contanly at attention, ready t explode. Bodybuilder and thor Yulia Michie took prapie light fn his workouts He ‘ould barely contain is enter at what he cll "Theswaling of Tus encased ina sole sen This atoreroin a Fethise ‘form, Dont doabe Schwarzenegger when he sys “Seelng new ‘hangs n my body, ating them, toed moon Th seneaton i mastubatery, but the roots ere bomose ast and prea The grandparent of Jou Welders Mvcle Pina ae bit mt Gods sel Young Psi, the guy pom of sds, fetaring rtd odybders hanging out In G-tzings, cat fresh i the flach of phyelity. Today’+ muscle mageiner come wrapped is plat, with fldcut centeflde of your favorite oxing body. Bide. The homoserul ndeosrrent some to he srface a He ‘Safed that end each ice “Chor Men of America Unite, read {Be fine pent of Mwclomag. Finally «ab “for molar mon ts pe wont Tn fact, the parallel world to “Iron Pompei "Vacuum Punp- " inen who shave tel sertam and the base of te peal to Nigh to organ and ete ts length through daly seshing through s custo ordered masified vacuum tube. Many of than ‘umber of seu ealle BIG (which worships naculin size all Ite valan forms big beep, big boot, bg gas, ig motocyles, tte) thar cub magarne is clled Dimension. Suc sae goons Sond werky “pumping parte," where ey rx and mingle, all ‘he while admiring the extended wares ofthe pamper. Maselinity? Male hamoverulity is ze maeaiiy;” David Kopay bas wsten and ne cane what ho meanein the biker ins (of Renath Anger othe parnographle pumped up exrtoone of To ‘tPiland. Nast igna, Love and eather aro the wafer, but he Slots ae oaly a ssondalin to the pumpad-p fle. Skee, « butch bar in Washington D.C. adver “I youre man enough Charles Lads recone the send-p pombe in exer ‘nuetlinty and egulaly incorporated boeybades nto tac is Ridialow Theter Company nthe Vlg “The companion plese to Pumping Iron sat tho war eple Tobruk othe spots yl The Endl Summer. es Parity Barong. 10 ‘hl catpng and jotching den mother prin and peopare tel ‘ogodlng, sll charge forthe gitering pra of competion. “Theatany-2yedespiantyoane for "ile" (he Me-Olynpie row ‘or Mis Spanish Harem ar}, and, by imran, bitPts by Ralph Dela (© 1560. ST ito he Lite ‘To lv thr activity gy, po bodybuilders come an go al ing of Michalangoo, but they Shemale are something Miche Tengo cou cook up only om teal, let ee ina oor witha tarda rowel, an lr crear emo, ad an egg ner. Were Miche Sngelos Most to don posing brief and tal to today’ tage, be ‘wold behooted merely and hokod shorty thereafter, The ace Fe noble bit th bodys ust aot muscular enonigh for todays pros Jets Crit of The Last udgmont would resive Bron cher for is poor shoulder (arrow) twa (wide) ratio and his aby id section To become a self-willed grotesque is no mean fst; The dit i beyond the drab (how don eal fen og white dt skinless chicken Breasts grab you). No milk yi, or chs may past, thai lips (airy "souds your sis). The water they drink spring ot rom the tap, but fom he bot, to ema low od level Here you are the sort sas dye ick Valet, and being you ts fallin jab what with ce daly ein, meals per ay (at a quotidian agree 7,00 calories), kfteraoon tap ing, commit with th corp, ed op git that Sow ‘well tumble Rhamacpatas, he Myson’ Dot Reo. dy remade, ot on, they sr ya ia th i ing Fa ten ary fe ea ofthe chan.‘ haan, too eos ado day wen, he mdr fu dye per or, for eg a ya hee tpi lng thy jt 50 pound Senda enh peer Sons the wir ale gery nt en sceneries Ean degenerate ats, cod ofthe ive, bypeerson ear doce, and ho robles esate wih longs Gren imp thr performance athe gym, body take 0 ray tnten Honky vince, ure rr, HGH sult, td sore of etinon= oro petn, thy oa aad ctor ity Senter yn nd eras grow honsone ra fom he pay ito cade) Tot a eh, hey play with the dango ae. Aer months of hrd ining to frfetng they pod he Ha Yelk saris thom yao aio ok by te Sh compen Thats the sin tan he Sean rep, the tly und un tip sed and rd of al ft Boe ing fei onnph Scag tsb in des tl era ‘Sin wil papoe ev ecco an cis softs Sn td tl wag as bt e isbn Toys {fp con La Huey and Vier Ren ne Scones {2 We cig fet nate te naw Sut tying © wasn fe fos mot wou cot. Aste smo Coupe tel my ty comp, bd the red tn iuied brow fom tho ake tan ef th ompetor) ined and ning, soning ed sing backers doe Tho» tated Kan he clad the ae ted, Ba Song ot cep he tt of your dn and er ie Sent ou dot win bop foe estate Yur es bt foe Your ode hl Butts th dre, the ris are wth he ews big bre ensund waning rope of ou teybalag pur Te bingy ‘Sd Muro Woe" meno cn eat te an ‘Sree of gy wh bce something oe Boyde Ste oom tot los ang the Bnd of vy soc{heir own envelope, dhe nan frame, peeing the cling and po paling omward nto th theriaed ur abe othe geat beyond The ‘danger the alle, How mush are you wing to ralferoachene your alms? Like roce-fel- powered drag tacts, slo silos and Ipeal aie, they ri a fine line between bravery and bravado, (aren ad fly. “And there seal danger. Drawn aod dyed, Rene Janvier spent the hous after pre jadgng at the 1088 NPC USA Champion. ships hook to an IV before fe weat on to win the evening show On the Grand Pris cic, in 1083, depleted Albert Bock cl lapse, convlsed, and esny croaked on the part at body beg bangutt before parameter brought ha back ie cn the bate abi “Theres al death. For profesional badybuildt Stove Michalik, his fantasy onstage warto reach the nale wit sation, then hit his most muscular pa, and ~God miling-spontanen com tnt leaving his widens showered i la of his own flesh sd od. Alas, for Michalek, he coulda gate seach hs dream. Try ashe night he aver actualy blew up. But when deat comes for the bodybuilder, it comes sn We form of implasio, nt expen Looking. the perfect pleture of Beale, twenty-three year-akd ‘Aue Horo dropped dea nb competition brid at he 190] ‘Buiush Amateur Bodybuilding Champlonsipe, In 1002, tity three yestald Mobammad Benuisa won the 1FBB Dutch Grand Pris ia Rotterdam. Seven hour late, he isd of het fare ‘None of dst newt heay-ty nse fans, The myth ofthe outa liv, The Peneer opr survive, Take one taste mngarine ‘trllr celebrating bodyBullder Jun Qutan “What eth a rca ‘eral stition rich a eo-terones ft Nass dun world o cats dictating boman expeson, we are mo lenge allowed fo take Ife to its. Jem Quinn, on the other bend, i” unter S. Thompson's Hell's Angels ask, "Whaddeyou mean by ‘that word ‘ight? The oaly thi wee concern about f whats "ght fr us We got our own definition ofright™ Liew, bul ‘rsanswer to no ons. And that inlet US, goverament: Tobe 8 profesional bodsbulder, where terid ei 100%, eo be, by ‘Adiniton, an ontaw, That lung sterols for now medical ve ‘ons is auet the Anabole Sterol Control Act of 1901 To the ‘medical community fave renegade pica), crug we coustute, stbase. But tothe slat eatery of pro bodybuilders, tying the {overnment en mast, Ure Is we and neceity and moral cig ion, Thea set desoibed “Dianabol Dasperadoa” forged the flesh fn ravous venues Heb, Amerie’ Gym on Long een, webich Featured on the walls ot pte of bodybeiling press bet clase: pe of dripping Jee ero. syenges beeing the legend, "Up {he Dosage ‘ity the bodybuilding bureaucrat, charged ase i with perpetual dea conte, Han Welder dow sb, bleating "Boban ‘ot body destruction. Quote me batt most definitly Masel ‘Bow because they arestresed, The ebuding (Ie bodys recton {othe ses) erent lange iste Ts iene inthe ae. Taring ‘eh into fantasy fe gato, and a dangoout on, But to thee players, Its the oly game In town. 4, Takin’ ito the bs ‘Bat wat, How could this bet Snatched from ies mari, he todybutder, that grotesiene, fins hitsdl’ beamed fom the Ting tothe fatale Are moves fom the al of he Po Off to the lla of Ties Square, iam eels aig Or it somehow dspeseon? Sloe Ms ee, trys muses tar iat todays eo bat. ten oar {GiiEs Gym hae oor om cn at oo 410 francine Both ‘and sony tay’ gyn ro some mire a on or the soe to mon and mile longs» atey of exote exercise machines and bar feetorng protein las, Everyons din the mute ste, even dupay window mannequ, who boat ‘Eistutsad big ten Phe New York Timer, which banks on Temtng i clan by prombing“A Crest Workout tread ("For your body of knowledge” thea eas, "Toe daly with The Naw York Tir” Pow ally ek wo ttaly ci, eed a sly oe dead org fora moment hat the average workd-as bodjbldr so hot that when he saruns th postion on the pot is tools ort reach he floor (Momo Benin, ..P. sood areal 3) Fre the fact he hk ke made, bth ivaably tals Ho Mle Meuse. Forget tat Dr. Bary Bremer profesor of edie at Harvard Medial Schoo, eimaeshe average ie pan of «pro todybulder at 552° Who bot a bodybuilder 8 blmade maa? "With power back n fos, were latrieated byte ton, by tivallareof igo might es he daw of The He Man Materof the Univer Life Action dl the pl of ou highs grosing ‘movns Superman, Teenage Matnt nj Tu, Ramo Bat tnan, Dick Tracy. Terminator I end, ad Robocop. Te oso Stacied, pumped p male body promis cont cantilever your very mule fiber. conta ver your immediate envionment, The irony ofthe aon that at his ox powetl ooresperer, the Dede vitally power Fling stage ot tel of seeming vty, he's pumped o ful of teri that bes Healy impotent Bat na aly whe so an ths oment of may, et actully more of «woman. Faced with lod of splat tons he body eck by tenors ding ts test (oth roulteot sperm count dep) abd releasing an estrogen cunterba tne, reiting, regain» bulbous eveling unde the nips owe ws zymosan of “itch ‘Bat hy sweat the dai? Ad if bdsbalding i another tn Jong line of sppropation fom gay sbeuture, well wat of i? ‘Dow your gandns, Beir than a Holstein, rally want to know why de bought ths blak eather pants the mall? Bets ju seo fever, urban cowboys, XTC pars, the Tamberck lok leather ings, endvoging sl ond hi le rm he gy sab Culture tothe eterseoal matte, Ken mo rain tse hic the treditona travel of he avant-garde, And bodybulces, Snow for forty yar inthe guy gto sx "ough trade ae no aowpion. Who the Gas Gyn pretty bt gy pst: boy Mr. Gea ‘with is bald pate, arog wie Tahle and bung cept “Toth otal, every ing is bit of «queen, Schvarsenegge with seed hal and bulging brea, his shaved ig tly le the Jats in atime honored tation. Tn the Joe Namath made 4 ‘ot morlng pete natal Ta He waste ft ‘pore feme nite low-opr inthe batl NF. word of atch lack ghtope Mubammed Aik the Louie Lip sola hs ek ome the cumpy wrong lgend Corgous Gene Stoking hs check, ‘rouge camer, Al othe, "Ane prety? And sing Shoring wih ltl dangling om hs white ot ets, “Soldiers and women, thts how the world I” says Jeanette Wineron. “Any ther roe temporary. Any oer rls ge lure"" Bue Bodybuilder Areas clay 2 ito bth, tnd Stee the sens, thing el eth eteplay between ftch tne Femme erste, the 0, n which was de igure rodonmle to plays fray gol ackace in is open le het, Droridng the chest beneath twas sulficenty hairy Orth 0,0 ‘which Don Johason and George Michael populatized pastel sts ‘soa hipshuggng Leto go with the thre da tole. Or now the l,i which todays maa emt top dalle avison athletes by sporting mules longi hs posal and equi earings ‘at Hefore jorkwear wat rokvesr, andi wckes who bude the gep between the ental snd atta wvuntgude andthe youth Ivho incorporate ea hee own sbversive spe, Rock madi {nd thee Rapanal alr are ike bodsbuéer and thelr eure ‘Alongside thor aversion to sraights” ey share dealt of endrog ‘ny andthe image of debaschery chink of Bowie and Boy George, the New York Dols and the minlng Jaga). Subversive?” Keith Richard ase, "Ol couse we're eobeesve." "And thats what rock fd ol ee sy, van atid" And oi bodybng. With the cet out, the elbows held as high asthe shoulders, the legs Highly bent, ae postr hall the performance ut not for long, Sar Rolling Stone ainch booms elevator smuzak, taki’ tothe ‘bibs leaves the product defanged snd Dis rele, and bodybulding no exepion. Atsuburbuntes heros. ‘lo and tame the freaky Took, adopting it for hansalves fr the ‘comfort of fashion, for sacl cachet, bodybulding moves from ‘tie to ests. The ido frm revolutionary to reactionary ise ‘Sat oowhere more than in today's drug ealtare. How fr Timothy Lea's 00s drug mantra of "Tune in, Tur on, Drop oat” ie from “Disipline, Dedication, Determination.” te gung-ho muse man ‘a of te Be The socalled "thoes Do gympes ae nt the ‘hal el ye they are o the lp ofthe one milion plas Arsericn tnales who've ted sterols They could agree more with thir shabolic avatar, Stvarzeneger, wher esas, "My relationship to Power and authority that Fn all or A085 NCAA stad of Follegethetesfousd sterokd-users more comervative pola, ‘ote ily to remain ome a ght, a more ely fo eur more, ‘money after elope than on sir. Another oll, conducted bythe Department of Health and Homan Servos, fund that 85% of ‘tous hoot ap for “personal appearance ‘But the corume of te adem Amerie mae not complete without te other tapping of ihe nes Not ja the avy seater ‘melting belt, whic a woken wen as orareeat a fash Ten acoso ath booer, but hs ear ehlce as wl. Note tho four ‘tel drive Joep Ghercacs andthe Ford Explorers (o navigate thefit terran from carer condo to supermarket, note the rsur gence in popularity ofthe Haley Dvidoon ele note te satsieal ‘let that pitbulls have clipe poodle as th pt of ehcie forthe ‘Amoican anu. [a sig ofthe ties, nth general swing t the Fight, tat Brooks Brothers has finaly tele apd now offer, ‘mong the racks end vow of power alts, the letters Jacket Were back to the Big Manon Cem, in ier end lok. Even his deodorant tls the tal, be Brute Power Sick Ifthe Ames an tation of grandetanding-as American, in fy at Pal Donyan or Wild Pecs Bl Thee oversned heroes wt hl fom val alr and stretchers are thease century procure to ‘he want centry tenn Sopermn, I sues abet an, then 2 work as God and ealonine the ples and plots of your owe ‘emer. Become your wa Armes, with purple mountany me sty and dep abdominal plans,” Know yourself fem terre feugait o tera firma. Franco Columb cal the slit etoen bis Upper and lower pa "The Grand Canyon” Sehwarnangges Hees bir blcpe to "mnoutai™ In this weld “deny” b actualy « complet. Tho muscle magazios sl MASS FUEL. and POWER MASS, industrial rome of anabolic mnscebiling Frm for hard gainer intent om cresting noe contaess Not sce We Vietran age, where copulence was viewed as = sign of masculine presperisy, have mens fled emule. Cis dling protein drinks and saw eggs, they are tying to fl cut the frame” to phoialy fl the masclipe template; Not this ie sound, to lok like bloated barons of Sout, but to lok like Iehore, Not epoiter, bt exploited, Hee, the masala retruc turing of tema body ia form of Bear wep. st the areca, msced rock sages serech into the microphone, sccentng their honesty by eluting the eotch, Whoter is rose 6 ke Spingtewn or rappers Cool} std Riardoon MV, fr Marky Mak (0 Walberg sporting Calin Klis, hi sit Tesnes intended as snsery, ee exponed marly a ty Inabor. Barings presumably to come dan, but st when the body, plied tnd phche and pumped, i andther form of dem Unwittingly thle power as teat taller, at modera-day bard 42 sive of the low-down” i negated by the by. "fs actualy bourgeois othe os. rateriliam incarnate, wt rules replacing sboney as uercal gradation, ar Inctemental Uusof swore, To keep up with the Joos mine aeamalating bjs, fa Ua ez amaengbodyparts— tap, ab ac pc. In this le of geting and spending, your bank sooant i pli and ‘ible Te as Ameren ar coneplouous conmumpton, wih tt he (al, cary the motivation. Beth art Richard Henson expres thi in is collage, Just Wht Ir It Tht Makes Todays Homes So Diftrens, So Appeling? Our bubberbubbe host De snsceman and Ici lady greet us inh gadget lle home, They've got the Inet the tevin, theca nil, the tape reorder, the Hover (larg, ft than thelr mac), ho canned ham, the pewspee. Hi mde areas canta for tipo ownership as her rai desing bobs, Boh husband and wif display Uhr iy goods with ‘hae ant female secs pes, Tn ear world of advert, m0 ‘wonder why bodybuilding meouded whore powering and Oly ihard Haron, Just Wh That Makes Td Homes So ifr, S0Aopaling? 106, Calla Kuta, Thing.le weighing dirt. 1 the atoms ug, te sppearanon of ston ‘Stoo Important than the applition of stents Not for nothing does the verb, to mise, seat to fatimiate, Tn the behavioral snk of the city, the mseage feo back of, buses, dont mex with ms. Say you mean busine with your shi, your body, or both. So sidewalk sellers haw Thies reading “Urban Tingle Gy,” o tank top bearing guerilla logan ke "Bodicated to Survival of th Fitese™ In this mblimaton of wary ans are ealled goss, "BIG GUNS; Winning the Arms Race With Mausive ‘hiss the tie of one howto al inthe nh magazines © ‘Ln Haney’ instructional video on biwp-bliing i called “Gans ‘Armed snd Dangerous! ‘Now that Road Warior che plays in Porta, aggreson down righ fahionble. f the language of Realoltic No acldet that Reagan increased his popularity by sping Eastrood (Go ahead Make my Dey) or thet Bush llowed sult Read Lips) “The threat’ tho thing, Bven more important than the ht ied the pistol waved, whethar in the take-nprivners frm of Lo ‘Angles Ralderwear (Real Men Wear Bact), othe current ma Stability of gets Foy (By Any Mente Neoaay” Wthelatet rae. Literally “RAGE,” a socalled sce intensity pack, isthe name of «produc soldi the bodybuilding magazine, Though nt yelling sas and furious aX caps, give tne, The “Wy Power tothe People has bene Power to the Peron, Te 7s May th Frcs be with You har become Inthe fore, Nowy he "Woe, pro athite Chris Muli is ie sone exomeut model he [ike FORCE line of athletic appa. ‘In place of wa, boybullngaflon aste of pasa. Your oa, body ithe batdegound, your dled a vicious campaign egal Indelenco, your aba tibet Gelli sid tin, How perecty postmodern, whore surace ie sabsbee and larger tha li ie {ibe Corolanus and his batdescar, you too an scr pola in public by dplaying your symbols of salen. Every see sa purple Feat combat boos and eamouflage pants a tank top ad the updated armor of muscle the bodytilder revels in alitary amma, Ifthe tap of Barges emg Fr reve Word ‘War 1 and Korea and Vietnam, becatoe i thee and te Sumer ‘of Love a musmalar lat with 9 buzsatand « name ike Seba ‘2zncgae cout gt elated dogcatcher inthe U. 8 of A ‘But the new Ansriean Adam hae no nesony. That teatro tion, Hols tho innocent, snburdened by conence, doubly ot sani fame. In the traiion of Cooper's Natty Bumppo, of Rous ‘eas Nolo Sevage, be eos Samtl Johnsons tum that "He ‘Sho ake at fhe gets ofthe pin of beng = man™ ‘Conan the Barbarian im hs los cloth and bncehigh Later log ‘Sng, the “Barberan then" detica twin bodybuleing bebe Froth with leone Sason mans, both pay on the nobility of ‘vary, Soobe mule tructionl book ied Savage Sel So Uhebulder Lee Haney's gym in Atlant i ealed “Tho Anal Kingdom.” Pre bodsbuéer Mike Chistian & billed s “The Tron arson” and the muscle magazine sll This baying “Under Ths Shist Lit The Anical™ "The laoging tit. Is primordial etrato the ine when strength and sex were sytor)mots for survival ofthe specs C3 the mantic easton of pr lapeacan, natal man, sotramaled by thought, by knowledge of god unde by, i Tat, knowledge. Ines bd tobe fee, emetic and supece. Batter ‘blanks, clean snd wapalite, than a lod ld sts with ‘ecllation and moral quandary. Ramo is a bimbo i a Gymbo ‘Sota ype flack tot gyn one and al seking the mth ‘ofthe font, With the personal sine ear, they fallow blae Plats for biop, all he we ein boils of self-ellance and fstdetermination. Through pracibed des and motbedical exer ‘ive routines proin power, amin al trode, sod fake tan to highlights henex, the Gynbo ture Rinwel nto madera Drmive, Ie case of mas ng arfie to appear authortialy ata. "ts paint-by-mamters dest hase by many a baby:-boomer at swell a thityetnathings fade to graying forhwemethings. Not for The the image of savory, but something ely for at time ck ‘elntely on the one hing hey cat ay with hes Bowes and their aw pate and their double posable Income Is youth. The Imusular body, tht picture of eeraladolsomnee «tha dom ‘unt dren andthe gym le nightly Inching pd. "i the ldanate end of te Me generation. “The old alebemiel dream,” according to Tom Well, "war changing bas metals ito tld The new alchemical dean Se changing one's personality eng, remodeling elevating, ad polshing one's ery elf fd oberving, tung, and doting ont (MED, Bat writing a 176, Wolfe dda know the bal of #. How could anyone have Known thatthe bby omens would take bodybalding and make t otal, That hee 7s peronality renovation rgimene of Stentology, Symanen, Primal Sor, eit and Eilon, would shortly combine With the Os exer explosion of sing, tes un ogying tocreate thelr BOs and now Bie cid bdytullng 15 not a big jam fam the thers couch to the pertonal lean’ bench, and rom both ome tht choral repens Um really sting Into myself” Recreation comer fron the Latin. Tot, Fecreare, maaing to recrete. Throogh re-creation, obe Angelo Sino took up dumb and changed hi name to Chars Als, ‘Tho gym 6 the late fnshng or night schoa, where, with the asthe ofa autrtenie and a personal trainer, you ray app Yourself eligonl to "get aba” ard rach your ul potenti Tis Feqeneration is sl dseovary through sweat. Like et the cle Inakeoveris another form of breaking dowa and rgang. ofr, praca tecnique for paral transformation, Every yn mer Ber "a work n progres” Bay bung sll-stous (which wll work ony ar long the mila look fashionable), nthe language of therapy personal growth he goal, wherein tho name of seésctalzation” Clislde very litle man is big ‘man busta’ to get ot), every trang eon & an empowerment sworihop. “Acwusad” by postive thinking, what ought proper ligament” wheter spntal (rough the modiom of the New Ag gur,astrolopst or channde) or phaial rough the lest ‘clatifle aman, the chiropractor, Relfer or personal tne) “That expla the rig ofthe exci andthe wide ye ana cian of the ipl, The boy Bower ofthe brethen with ated. ‘nt fundamentalstfevor (Tm iting hay tay Tm working om foundation the engage bora, Ls the early tent century radon ofthe mselat Chay, bi red ward Not toward Chitin chanty bur tward do defn. "The body mey be the amp ofthe ord, bt the gym the pace of worship, and inthis church forthe sel, one ay experience Senmunion 0s] together), xslaton (the pup), cont mation themiron, benediction (he airs od, reuretion (he prom tbe of a eve, puter body), ablation (the port wortout shower), redemption he expation of sin and gull through physical frenzy), tnd even divine sdesion(geneter~sncnted by God). Ae meh teligian, doubt and sheptsten, the ari ass rete dies But cating the body to eis year's fashions does’ ed atthe ‘gym. It nd at th hota, wher the surgeons of Slicone Valley (Got sculptor but splat) accommedate thow seeking "ele nro” wah aloo restr ats wt sone leauge), af Implant, pasion (escusming fat Othe his ‘8a thighs, with 8 soupedup Hooves). To thse whe doubt Sttan Bordo, who call everybody both "acuta for” anda co ‘ive el srg sgentatlon fnew ered “oerecion "The pateats pursue with the phic (mabe Cat beter) the uke ite patter ofthe ressastractd body. They'e allowing Gress codo in flesh. Bat rms, a later and Levis, ke the tlt wif aw of individual Fascism sexy Scat Tender he faividua facls. His urge to merge a bala, 10 ‘Bentify himelf a2 member ofa taboo coleatve. After ll the ttsonoe of ashi is tha thee nace tha ay bung the look Sn playing the vole. Thre salvation shen By adopting the slogans (Tengh Tims Dont Last. Tough Pople Do") the vcsbslary C'm pomped), by miikiog the manner. ‘sn of the sbeltere by physically fling the mol, bell be, for ‘one shining nomen stv. Ts the erlfalend of rex wil. There's ‘wed ot iy occ ota ment ere an Thad, buy Bodybuilding Lifetln or Shape, become a Walking, talkingsctunl, psynching cliché. Beane a releant Ad the thie De of gnpeak (Dacipling, Doieetin, Determina tow)» fouth, Despitation, NOTES Rit Ran, The Mande Yr He oY: Sa hee Sdorarmoeger ae Dot, ue Malo Beil nore Snore, 8, 3 "Ste a ro Wi Pe, 1, 15. ‘hen Saran al Deg ls rot The enon Bai sl So Stee ‘Sun ng," Can AS Sng ae New Yk Far Se coma ine Yk Meir, en nd Sid (ces Care Pr 36, ‘Mat Ree pag eS Oar, 8 "jm Cant The Tg rad as Go Ps 8 1 ‘adeneen dA ‘Sone amin ay 1, 38,psd er eon Yong T Did py Sry Se sks at 1 a maa "hn, “Fo Mad Mat Ven”, Mer 0, 24, in Sgn es 8 Sin ne Co Sy De, ‘lena Mat, Eing of ie Aig he Fig ch, Joe Cael Ont seme tt Sp le Sh, ‘Tle tA, Jy Sh Rs cot eu as net re pn ity on dd: eas pene, gee ig mn nt ee hon tenn i Yh iran ta pros ng, apn Sma apo a EM NA 38a ayy 8 nt ‘Thame ii a an tng 2 leona Mogae, Js I, hi Remy, a, Sesto deviates dc 8m ee sionals der arate ht ara to AS De fr ra reno sh Ro ie eS ads Th New Yak Tm, Sper LC JOYCE CAROL. OATES ‘THE LOST CHILD (hur iveso trey, a hire, “he sorts never tobe tert, to aula. ven ater 0 long @ asage of time we've become sds ourcve. Here someting” one of a and snatched wp. Beneath the rotng pier, atthe end of the pit of land elled For Point, amid rudy sand apd beach del, the torn snapshot, color Paar, lay partly baled Teva Jenn tweve you oi the olde among us, who'd found the sapuot sd ran ot from Beneath the per wth Wt nto da light ose eter ‘Tere wat no sun, the sky was mot with early Incandesseot loud. Acrow Lake Ontario waver were sd, ‘hoppy, ange looking, capped with fot aad thre wa hat seal ‘at came sith wind fom the north sharp ad ry, ike wet ‘tnd, doaying fe. Wat it? Lets se" sesiog the exprsion on Joa face we rome around het, but Joan backed of, tary at What se bald in her band, “What hat Jean was a tal stocky gil whine parents were dvoroed and whose mother wore ina plastic fectoy He face redened esl, ‘Showing every esotion, Whatever the Polo was, sured ed intrigued her, he stared att with lok of credulity, ad alana, fd extreme embarratanent. "Something nase,” Joan mubled, Folding the soupsot out reach," over mind” Her ced wero ody asi thy lan lapped ier oye were damp and narod “he were signa to be wry with Joa, she was bi, suong gi, swith aque temper, the kd wo lsh ut with an bow ora st if {you go too clave when abe ddet wat you coe “Another gil, Bole, insisted upon looking, a reluctantly Jean showed i fo her, and Bobbie sorted wih dial, “Jeu” and Stood Hack el. “What they doing?—dyou koow who ti"@ yorcrcaotoanss ‘Bobble and Jean began to gape, wildly. There was nothing mith ful in ther galing which hada sarp, burl Sound, ke pebble flung at the under ofthe abandoned ple. “The vst of ws, thee oe fur of, cading Jon's nio-yer-ld| brother Mickey, mores to sou, to, but were rebufed, a Bobbie snd Jean pused the Polaroid beeen them, now sseking with Inugiter, not wanting tobe in possesion of the snapshot But ot ‘wanting to surrender tow, eter, and this went on for «while the wind was up ad asl fain in hei lte Acs jst bere Labor Day when toro was quckened sre of urgency ang ut ‘sifwe kaew, bat how cold we have known, tht this wa the ast ‘Summer we would be cide together ute ike ths, and Farber ‘Up tho beach, where the borawval began, there wee yoang moth cs with babls in strollars, thor wero oder kids famiar fe, tz waste ik —but of era this was part, no ofthe gate ‘hatsomoune would take note of wf Jean and Dobie malig sich ‘commatio, and come down, and demand ts, to. Finally, another il, Brenda, was allow tose, or Brenda was Jeon! trend, edhaiedfeeklod git with liable pact {or surpin, and Bronda too stared, and stared, "ho ie oh God," snd T pushed forward impetintly, taking to match the Polo rom the, Bends cved, no in meunoas but easton, one stricken with alarm, "Don't lt Junie sel” and so they ‘buffed me anather tie, and my eyes Hooded with teas of Tea that the thee of them would share a sere forever, and 1 woul be one of ths, ik nine year-old Micky, ike Sharon Seat ‘who was litle ew, relegated to not Knowing. Bante tool licluded. ‘A flame pssod over my brat, a terbl feverish ned. Yt Tcould ot bog, "Hey cmon plas, plese Jean c1non” ae Pd so often ‘one nthe pat, for alongs could remember Tena that this ‘was different fo my rotation somehow, at Mickey might be p= tected, and Sharon Sout, who was atl slow, but quik to tur, sight be protected, and this tarling perepton of mil a a at Unerpetedmeror o reflesing sre, war iting, oo, fot ‘was June the qlcks and lovers of ar rend? dia he ge, sSemingy without effort, the hight grads in ebool? "Af her, om the bse thls windy late summer day, theses oleoidsnepaot hidden Grom me, school mattered in the lights. Sometime on the Boardwalk, down behind the grimy stucco changing root for men and women, older boys might callout ‘tention © word scrawled on walls, weld be urged tose what bd ‘hon done overnight to aster, fr fstanee the matted breasts of toning gi ine cowboy Bayo” had the carving pam of rmoke sing fem ber taut been turned nto something tabula and {old both omic and thestning, and, t me, mysterious though ‘Salway, a In Jon's mumbled word, someting nasty. Inthe older boy prec, T id nt want to know. When the boy laughed in tat ected tggring ay, Td nat want to ow my Something nasty. ‘Which was ow he bay uted hee power over arth throat cf embarrassment, shane, ‘Withny gl fend Jean, Bobbie, Brenda, it was diferent. My od to know wasnt jt eu but srething ronger Tso Tot have named. I hate ou, and can't eat not fo be on of you. 1 ‘iched at ern, who had the Polaold again, and Lsoatched tot of Fre fing, ad rao along the Dea ith ta they sboutad afer fhe ad wea Taw they were allowing me I stopped to examine It pring ar atone of thasepurlsnte cldens magne Jack ond Jl, wher, Spy hidden si ne-rswings 0 flings and ‘oud wert fen, burma figures, even animale, Whet wash "The snapabot had hows toro folded, out nthe wet, did ae ‘bled byte sun te Pouce olor ad faded an eager were Dlured asin adieu But M showed, 9 strange, to my eye ‘oud, «feightened ie gil of perhaps four the gp of a tanya adked won, preeed agaist is belly and getn, and what Sarthe bing fort tod, her jaws fered open, her chels wet ‘rth tear sold otc, T saw but could not Somprehend, staring ny eyes to filled with mole, shooked, yet puro, more ‘ual at fine than shocked, bees inredalus, What 0 Eat ot for my fren to sr Only the naked torn, ball and (on ofthe man towed, ad his foro are, hs bead was cu off 20 ‘Remight have bon anyone, aay mam bere FoxPotst, aman with {fay sacl Hlly oer in dack peng has Uke Fr, nusalar Foren ike ur father? covered to in thick dar hie. tle ffl who was a stranger wore any, tor undershirt and no panties, Ar shn war dad of lotr bythe Plaoi's ash, nd alles. Her face was arly hidden by the man's belly and hands big4 Jorcecanot ones knuckle hands, signet sag on one ofthe fingers piping her Jinsand the back of her houd Her pale air waz matiod and so ‘led and her eyes narrowed in soch pa and terror Terempled the Ssnapot in my band, and looked away bllakig, blind, oats he Jake. Choppy white-= ects and targetrich consamer group: a moment when, as we have ‘oan, rock masculinity draws leet “femininity” and “Blacknes” tlhe whe vemaing hotly or at least preeminertly dint from each 'Nor ae thae elements the oly ones at his great leap back: ‘ward: for there iy ater ally th effect ofthe leap elt take ito {cost as wall. At a mament i the Reagan ls characterized by ‘he adie a tradsonal manufacturing sectors and the le of ma fatusing jolt, Bruce's rocontroction of the rocker ar organic ‘ite working clas hero might on the sear, ar were & Potentially volatile ad energetic figure capable of condensing and Tellecting, Af ot actualy galvanizing. 2 progrestve clas tue poled wil Yet a all bit Bruce's not indeatigaleSootrs have telnowledged, Brace bas been “ead” a 4 proprenive liberal figure mainly if not exlasvly by intelectual andlor profesional buby-boomes who've retaod some vgs of adiealizn frm the "Ws. Otherwise, he as proved notrilyexjoyable, not only but ‘specaly in hs most explicitly proltacian poos i, Born inthe USA, by prodomingaty Reagante generation of mile-dass iehite youth, ané even appropriable, in the 8 campaign, by Reagan hint” "How then to expan this ack of dangor or heat n Brus’ white workings image, expecially pen the orgie" kage (Jat Cala bebreen tht image andthe deortents he ange expats ‘ame? For sarter, I want to sy it has something to do with the ‘eer overdeerninod “pastes” ot “elated” eT vfered filer ofthe workings smage coructe In Spring’ ‘musi and words. So many of tho songs themselves "Alante (Gity"“Clory Daya” and "hy Homtowa,” to ame only afew —as ‘wall asthe video clips thet accompany them, speak of intial Working las fe and tsenertsinments the pas tee, a 18 were “Thos thos of dixppearane and stenuaton, moreover, are bh complicated and, at leat partially, capelled ut when put slong ‘de soupy Me “The River” tht balladian the frustrations of ‘workings life with «ob, or "Bor to Ren,” which dreams of ‘espe fom that fe But the confusion we might fs a to wate binocular white workng-las fe and mascalinty are worth a ings whathor we should inour or elebrate tel pacing ave tdviated oth by the settling ratges we have spoken of ove and bythe canting "bart fatra” jump back over tho ir Springsacn’s rok malas in tems of the ions i most ‘monly draws fom. The way Springsteen works nthe ni Ss {hus the opposite of how Harris Freiberg list Elis aed Chas [Berry worked inthe 1050s Tn their eas the pli and ene) and provenance of the muse idm, combloed with the sight of he ker, bid ad overcame the consreative containment static: ‘enbodded inthe song lye; inthe ese of Be, thanks to both the whiteness andthe beltenes ofthe misao iavaved t Inthe oter way around Bruce, thon, could bo masively enjoyed as working lass hero pachaly icfar a the working as ife he portrayed came ares tr aethtclly and Ritoially datanced from the les of those taking him in ar an authenac arifac. Even the nickname "The oa afltad oh at that moment of is grates soos, bepeals thi eon of tan nslor ar endereath obvi implant that Spriptoen le tho stampion of rock & roll is the plesant reminder hie sar image offer audience of an eave moment In Industrial caltare wen there were, deli above your head o- De bose owning aod runing the plant; only that moments frpean fuzzy tata white guy dese sort of Uke a worker srt mas yo thik of that. By tho same token, Brace’ claim o be tougher Tan the Rest" in he song the ee (wheres messing 1 bekally, more capable fw matere, epee, bstor elation ship) cam even take on a vagiely progesive hue for thove with Ural gender ples without ute oing ha piqiant yet reds [ron of white worKinglas swagger and fut areal a ‘what set ofthat swagger can regarles of they be fold ato the esctionaryFagwaving on which so meny Reaganks battened, young and old. For that matter, moreover, the Bruce ody hat Showed up in M—that serffywhiskered, sdeburaed,ehily Isle barearmed one fn oa jacket or a ecvlas Tor both {ho fed into the climate of Reagan eacton sly by appearing ‘on the album cover, in concer, and on MTV, again: the back. [round ofthe fg. Por ar Cornell reminds we, such images re ‘ready conjoined in putrarcal ration, lsat es "working lass tla that expe pyscal toughest” have lng since come Futon witia the industalized wold a a soul ally of ale ‘Sominance inthe appar sche ofthe exo aad the State. "et nom ern ros al hee historia and dtormnatios to thar parodia paradigm of the heavy-duty whito mele worker, this body become superstar, Stine to note oe final espe in which the meanings of Springteen virtually all the mange, rescton ty aswel progrentve= ar eld i by that oxy’ pevormaive Teavioe,by the etnt fo whieh thi Broce’ singing and mevement {pel of energies confined. Horo agin, te loc elacun x prob thiy the conor footage from “Born in the U.S.A." though oer ‘capes rm the ame period arent hard to ind Watch the ay Ie delivers dhe ong, starting withthe wa’ his head and shoulders foltin tne wit the shot squeals keeping up the hard Bet. “The carorn givers monk of Bs singing fs elom up =e intent cliect, remember? ye there i something special and spel ‘Shout the rigid quivering of that face as ft shouts out the rcs ‘Shout the ght with hich he eer are clamped hut at ead Tends down andthe right arm ifn in clenched ft alte. Or ‘think how, inthe videoclip of bis cover of Edwin Star's "War (coimeldntly probably the "Blackest song in is eprtoire, the ‘bard-working beep bulging bod in black vest over a levels ed ‘Tis over and over so heavy taken bythe “woahaah-oah cai" oF tho choruses that they bunch him up and bend in eve ke «zn ‘with some seriou abdominal pan. And otherwise in bth ip the ‘ou basicly tye ail and si no wlgling or thrsting are fom tide dow es, naling more than the hammer ho of the ight boot clamping tthe best. Forme at leat, nthe contr of all ruc’ oer meaning fects sad in conjunction with his whit worker nnge, sch rock x rll Dahevior imines with resonance. For starter Insts that he ‘it anywbore closet beng Blac: which topetbr with ew ni aly stright alo appear, help aot to blanc ofr mtgate tho ‘fect of having an tual Black oan up thee to play of of and Sometimes even twit, onthe Gomt of he age” Moreover, he ower ofthe bury white workng-las tier atone and the ‘Same tine made avallable o young and yuppie Reagnite econo Fesctonaie and gender ogee" (Kyo pardon the pre) {hd safe Jor both groups by the vale boing up and aained ontainmant ots potetialy alarming fore fr la toblzaion Sodlor oppresion of women, good and/or. The consoctd sal tiding of rock exergy tn "the Bont performance thus bexpeals ther aggresion or rbelln, but resentment i ts case [istascean ne, a impotnt hated, ene, epresed fel roveage, the Inability to at oat antagonist pele In open 6- isa the dae to which that pin and anger and ther energy arebeldi, squared off, botlod up vac s much, we might 3, {es by fe lt pis pact end pared of the way, in oer ‘octs of Brucés mae and beyond a ceetaln Kind of white ‘worksnglas masculinity asctted with Fordst regimes of mas Production and capital acurlatin, ke blag rendered arfactl Bruce's woskers body cen 1984-88 pine down and estas all the other meanings in Me mare by becming, finaly, an objet of tly, a selal notion stably defined for us by the guest ‘America seals poet Thomas MeGrath a “fale dynamite “With the appearance ofl Row, though and in accordance with changing tine ae well a¢ mudeal Idan, the mythic narrative ‘Spars few howe reasurag continue with whieh the story of Springsteen's “ahentty” ir fverted. What veal about Aa oonded ot in contin bt a bea, a both anes ofthe tem ot being pod crowd-pleasing boy even ia rebalon, lke Brace, ‘et being offensive ven or espetlly secs "To understand the viability of An paola Kind of tory andIndy, hough, requ ws to svlew the paar dyoanie of thet at ry and dy mt engage As al Mel at ‘bert or olig Stone, the base 0 of the Cans Raed tri ihard rock «bho han be Stone were vane {Kraath, Drv Line ype tl andthe ormulton og Glcumlottony ian soar ove Th erm Ram's ern of GiviYsodomine pactoe was scandy of coer heney Soul nated oft "lr oe, so we cdf tr fo whee {ated come, rene what boy tage elo Sh clo ad wha al that hs edd Borel 0 mean Hoty ma ret eal kup tac of the mmment Braces mae lene ots wth he ck fhe ate ox ot arly ad nally rvs aac” © py ‘Bedale ecko the tet and the whe boomer based ou: culture tnt clined tat mae we iow Bande eT J Sends Expr, Big Brest Heing Compa nd prbap ro nlectly, Crem wed aban pode y Back Fire spally the ladle, elacaled “Chicge” ssnd of Muy Wate, Wile Daon and BB. King os lnming yd for ver ore ete e-orm pas inproiatonn, snd sy ‘pase he trannies quale of ho vls ove Sucaing: blodalivering copay. Lod Zeppelin, wily Sneed prior ny net Band, warn he arly Oxo ST the ft nit ssf heva™recton ty ng 4 frkeckap dram it and baw Grunts arcaled "botom {Sun nt athe lode, od more wecy-ocking imps of ‘ona gutrslnnding lov-pehed bie fig ce oth menotonow and menacing, Liewi, exendad gut solo ‘came yet more aggreely chroma pln of maximum Inca ceatog ve eom ma tos tent tere bath {bequests ality and dxp cmon, ja wt ara moe Smet of the sng rca fester canto ull rou ot Iasi steams sggeed equal astery aff to Sl hots of lave a ssw to te sary chs of ange fad Sch masta developments coincide and, for most commentators, are crated ith te ager a an cla it ft teats sted tne part of ior. Ath white youth nents of he Ws founders en thrown cotradisos, {de couercuure broke nea satin of Mesa optans sd fas, heavy mal became the homeboy ound, fn Daa Wels Stein's words, where lower mide clase aed working clae white were more lilly tobe found. inthe lange cts ofthe Areca, Midwest as wel sn medieszed ides and buecallarsu tthe dod so nfected the gandor end generations connotations of “Woraoc with es acento neersinty and rage. Metal ade problem, Weinstein argue, ia fneton of the dowasrard mobity Sowa whit lower cla andlor working as mea have suffered in {he Nv and Sys thee sens of aca sd gender superiority, ven land perhaps especially soidhin what was let of 0s youth caltere, ar come nder amauit by women, Black and other nonwhite people secing power, justice nnd redraws, a the same ne es thelr ‘sonoma paspet, atthe wad of the Fort era of mass production fn nthe age of Reagan, have dried wp and How sea: "Ths the compliatd rele of pli and plata avelved in finding thie mae val” and wing to authenticate spd legitimate your ow Kf. Take what Wlrtetn calle" ental ent tea? [ethery metal” —"power, exprised sheer volume” gather with the regular shythmie forward snapping of bend Choadberging) tnd upraed an that are the clas metalheadautien eons {otha power eiiton alive performance, Ono common enous ‘eading of ach babavors would have edt the metals scion Constste a nesrtraightorrard potas Wentfaton wih ‘rhe male power ia mat naked vec and visit forms, Bot ‘urdy Os sto uivalent and reductive, More iy, uch Lent. fatons are only one moment of a much mere mebiie espns, a ‘whlch the snk power ofthe mui erates among vious guises, tnd affective relationships to the meal fn a oppaitoaal osu ersve power wit which the ratatead Went as hegemonic ithorand power aginst which hi responses beat their oppo {onal te: as an overweining ife force eons, and na inex bly dertrctve, apocalyptic fay he th welcomes an ears, tame only the shal slteratve pout, OF course tal ters thatthe members ofthe band puting out thet denening sound 1 seated inn equally enormous spectacle of smoke ad light Sr the same sor and colo a Youre, wear the same regalia tnd ‘port the same long hate, fr that rate, Ihe Aloe Cooper oF Xs, two ofthe lange running and most suc look and act ‘ven snore socially eutof than you sre, and elebrate th fc. ‘Otherwie, though the fons pone to performance and eee a‘mulform and multivalent asi any enjoying subjects dazed and ‘lay decoding ofan experienae ox foremost ffs snp 10 coverteln any eperenc, tat af the mantis subline ‘Along wih this multivalnse toward sully defined power, moreover, te enre of metal aa tof rock ero pate fet redaction to reception aback har onde to nl onan eal Afntiv set of exchioas and ngations. Women aa grou tad ‘be marginalized by the deliberately aggrcive andor ugly fd sound of metal, and ate evoked i metal songs mainly a ether ttralghforward x objec "blche” or some combination af both ‘Ad the portent Starm und Drang Into which metal conver bites figurations sfan and Beaches the Blackness oat of them, ‘hus belping to prodoce heavy metal a, neff, the equlvalent of zap for dwnsrle young white inet Fallin spite of the very long end ate exe har, snd what Welateln dct ae the SKM paraphernalia of opments ofthe gaysbealre” or perhaps Jun at weoraely, became of tthe pace of meal hardly com ‘ends any softening oF femainization apart of the alternate “ia marcolinity mal, such hae any Maing o breakdown in the borderline separating guy fom staght. Such distinguishing actos Sem daigned instead ty noroen end wma the i faoce of mot muse, bands, end fas from the valet wold, lille enforcing what Eve Sadgwic has taught ust ala sey “homoseial”fenterity of cfint, soctally and plitalyincorect rojo for whom the soil stigmatination of bing “ou of” altar tly, economically, aod poieally har boon rendered via metal Teri, even tantendeat fate ‘Now, though, before these goneraeatinseongeal any further ‘hey ouht to be quickeaed witha mre detled seme of metal history. Fit, ts impor to note what wry atalhead Knows snd prctlaly every metal bater doce, ic that al etal bees te not and havo never bon the same. Nor ave the differences Tetween, ay, Aeoomith, Motley Crow and Metallica merely sonic andlor mesial inate (oven though they are alway al thas thoreare ao, within the general outline and destin, important dstinetions in temperament snd emphase Aerosmith Band sone Stones into the standard tal ix at onlin ere ofits eat bright and polshod sound or the visual bomage Steve Tle’ Ice, clffre and wardrobe render to Mick, but ith band's ongnng precrupaton -erprened in video clipe and interviews ar wea of cour, the songs themssves—with specifically seal (hough “ways terre) forms of naughtine snd rangreion. Motley ‘Gr, colfed in teas hat and semni-lthed in lack leather gies ‘sa rougher, more clascally metal sound, and trades in asquardy ‘omventonalzed language of veil tansprason and spony: ‘his oe of ts signature songs, "Dr. Feelgood” tadks away all tllsions to good ex endfor Blackoos ta genesal and Arca in Partcoarf favor of joering veal and a manic driving ene. [hod Metalic combines ne ofthe thickest bettors sd ost spuvally vocal fn all tal with an atte Sompounded of equal arto tort romantialydxpirngvelfealtation ad the prise (pled anschitsupcon seoited with morecaturaly upscale ‘oan, hardcore Moreover, as metal’ audience has growa inthe" and metal have forth: dvenfied ax wel, Thank ino small part to the inflence of MTV, which the fit part of he decade pave i very txtecive coverage, One of metals edge as sfened i ound sd Teak and moved toward the msinaream and a more female aud nce (2g, Jn Bon Jot) while another, rapue to this ton, bar hardened sound, quckened i tempor and borrowed fom hardcore to come up with an altogeder more hate and miisie fai (sg, Anthrax or Suicidal Fendi, Twaed the end of the ean, thes, within and acras tis diversified Heid, Cons N Roses ‘wl besome apes in eres of both range aad peaumpion, Tho Sand range extends from the "power ballad of so-called “Ite ctl,” dfined by Weimtta a songs with ut enough tal sound ((hebas)tobeheard armel, but not soc ha they il be ‘etre by thooe who ae tired off by traditional hey meta ‘musie™ (GN eit "Voterdayy isa good example here) all the way ‘ut to the distended Moody-Blarstyle hock of "November Rain Tikewie along mata’ harder shore they oan hfe fm the clase hysteria of "Welcome tothe Junge” and parancia of “Oat ta Get Me" on the band’s debat albu Appetite or Destruction (1987), to the manie thas shythane and energie of “So Fine” on Use Tour Mlsion Tt (101), And ther level of preurpton is slveady sug gtd by Al choice of “hard roo" rather than “beavy tal” 10 Akscribe this range, a retrial powerplay whose implicit im sto redefine the broader fla of rok on terms favorable wo delaing GN Hoseyweight Champion of (bet recently completed— — World Ter, and one of Use Your Muon’ tack, itled “Get in Be Ring) ‘But thi sgl over the sgiier of rock shard the lini, even the most dees instance, of NES aude, which ao (tends to the speed and manne jn which they bree these, nd were Broken, as atonal” ti the it place. The dee Diving component of mos rook mythologies has waditonally been ‘more sternly egulted inthe posine of petal Shan in an oer {ae of rock, ven the stigmetiaed outsider status ofthe laste ‘Rall fan. Yet fr from toorng for year to bil ere and 8 following, Gung NW’ Rows wat signed to Geffen Records in 1388 a mere nie months os after fy formation, by a guy who'd boon brought in from Fleer expres to bring Celle i ow version of Motley Crue. The following yer the band's fie LP, Appel for ‘Destruction, was reasd, and called up steady but nt eathshak- ingssls took ton months to creck Bilboord's Top 100), antl such te asthe vido clip for“ Welcome to the Jungle” was released ued played extensively om MTV. And the met a hey sy, ls hstory todsy, at some 1? milion sales worldwide, Appetite the bat seling debut elbue ofall ine, wile Geffen as let tbe knows ‘hat pat ofits stategy for mzheting the Jobe alls Ue Your “lavon 1 aod 1, intends to teh out sels of gle rom tho album over a thre yar period, 100-04 "The all ecm of such anarative fom Uhat conventionally reqiste to metal-band sicostles, moreover, tot jst In thse kas theres but Sn ther iseminatin as part of the CNR niyatiqua® The mitre anonymous crowds of ONT ft full Teng ive peocmance video, "Parades City” are there to make 2 ont virtually the oppose ofthat made ia the footage of Bruce Altng “Rorlta here itr not abot the moment of itaate ‘oglonal renown, but about what monster band thay ee ight of {he gun. Such fey confeed mack state dovetail icly ‘rhtend singer Ax! Ros nabbed interest in snaking mony ad ‘evn sommerial moses ae inthe it of if interviews in Felling Stone, th one tenant onthe answaysacose of Appt In whith he counsels "any id in high schol” no mater “what oe oot gona do” totale busine leven and pry arts that in the making of Appette, “Everything was drected at tying 1 schioe the snes without sacritiing the eedbiy of our mae. ‘There zea couple of important pints to make about how such an avowedly complet husie get square! with—end thereby ‘celine the cacdnal rock & rl value of autho, both of them relevant tothe way we a ia Aas body a the meanings we take out-of But om our way to thom i wort pang to wot « fertadiion around Broce’ bodimage and its exchange-valoe ‘Sefulnasovhich stands in diet oppotin to Aus tae. TR entradeton i mggeted by a psubly aporyphal br of Spring oni: the story goes Sata spokesman for lyase whether ‘he company had tried to engage Springsteen's serves for ts ads, rege that he could no imagine bow Bras could hap them 2) Inore than be aren wasrThaoks to he ineanignt reac ‘compromise or asi is suthentally bly working as asc Iiigy in other words, ii rth Brace a wit the alors andlor longthoremen onthe tage attach to chose Dockers pants marked to move! profesional managera-dass boomers lke mye. Ia ‘has imager, drawn and olred in nether spe forte nos talge ofthe thing, the working mani variably depicted an ‘Ber whose strapping shape and proletarian syle draw the etc fice ofthe swanky well dese woman tng drawn past hin 05 {he doch or atthe tin sation by tho oblivious donated upper ‘st man to whose tan she Is atached. Obvioayenaugh, te llr ofthe workman for the woman athe stration, and fers, i inextrleable front the party and unbeidgoabllty of his dtance from her, from as, ad from the sjstem of gars to which he i ‘onetlest key jt a tht relay of gaze, She womans exposed nd ours Bidden, cess tho space ofa now daze fer, anda new ‘inition ofan intermediary masculinity tn between the suf Cnthodony of te empowered normative ruling clas male td he Speed roughews worker the space of the seatve Jet tl Sorabsough guy oho buys and weare Dockers and appreciates Bruce Tho very tae the Bruce nage sto tk from commerce and commodification tus only serve to render ft more serviceable to both, tho complletydsplajed by Adland GN'R flows out a perverse countering whereby ove exactly as noch “in” "ut of [nd the only mesning ef for aunty Savlvesflaanting just how unapologetically dit you are Sach repostiong sad such Shocking pleasure are infact exety what happone and etter the vide lp of Weleome tothe Jngle,” widely considered to have