sTUDY\ ARIOUS PARAMETRS OF CIRCULATOR oBIECT: Study various parameters of circulator EQUPMENT REQUL ‘nuator, slotted Tine, tunable Mticrowave source, Isolators, frequency meter Variable attet sount, VSWR meter, test isolation and circulation and accessories probe. detector m THEORY: @\ — Cireulator: ge magnetic properties) they are non-reciproc § circulator is a ferrite deviee «fernite is a © with usually three ports, The beautiful thing about circulators is that That is, energy into port 1 predominantly eXits Port 9 energy into port 2 exits port 3, and eneriy io port 3 exits port 1. In a reciprocal device vhe same fraction of energy that flows from Por 1 to port 2 would oecur to energy flowing the opposite direction, from port 2 to port 1 2 CIRCULATOR Following are the basic parameters of isolator or study 1. Insertion loss 1 Insertion loss ‘The ratio of power supplied by a source to the input port 10 the power detected by a detector in the coupling arm, je. output arm with other port terminated in the matched load, is defined as insertion loss or forward loss,2. Isolation It is the ratio of power fed to input arm 1° the power detected at not coupled terminated in the matched load port with other port 3. Input VSWR The input VSWR of an isolator oF circulator is the ratio of voltage maximum to voltage the line and minimum of the standing wave existing on the line when one port of it terminates other have matched termination. oe ee oe port is terminated by matched termination it marks as Isolator. (Two port device). aS Fig.1 Setup For Measurement Of Isolation And Insertion Loss Measurement of Insertion Loss and Isolation 1. Remove the probe and isolator from slotted line and connect the detector mount to the slotted section. The output of the detector ‘mount should be connected VSWR meter: 2, Energize the microwave source for maximit output particular frequency of operation. ‘Tune the detector mount for maximum ouput in the VSWR Meter. 3, Set any reference level of power in VSWR meter with the help of variable attenuator and gain control knob of VSWR meter. Let it be PL. 4, Careful remove the detector mount from slotted line without disturbing the position of set up. Insert the isolator between slotted Tine ‘and detector mount. Keeping input port to stout line and detector at its output port. A matched termination should be placed a third port in case of circulator.9% Record the reading in the VSWR meter. If necessary change range -dB switch to high or lower position and 10dB change for one step change of switch position. Let it be P2. Compute insertion loss on PI - P2 in dB. For measurement of isolation, the isolator has to be connected in reverse i.e. output port to slotted line and detector to input port with another port terminated by matched termination after setting a reference level without isolator or circulator in the set up as described in insertion loss measurement. Let same PI level is set. Record the reading of VSWR meter inserting the isolator or circulator as given in step 7. Let it be P3, Compute isolation as PI - P3 in dB. 10. The same experiment can be done for other ports of circulator. 11. Repeat the above experiment for other frequencies if required RESULT: Measured insertion loss = Measured measurement loss= PRECAUTION: 1- Don't make loose connection 2. Keep the cooling fan always ON 3- Don't touch the klystron tube and other microwave component 4 Be Careful while taking readingEXPERIMENT NO: fy” Determine coupling coefficient, insertion loss, directivity and isolation coefficient of any Multi-Hole directional coupler. OBJECTIVE: Determine coupling coefficient, insertion loss, directivity and isolation cuettigignt of my Mule Hole directional coupler. EQUIPMENT: Microwave source (Klystron or Gunn oscillator), [solator. Frequency Meter . Variable attenuator Slotted line, Tunable probe, Detector Mount, Match Termination. MHD Coupler. Waveguie stand, Cable and Accessories ‘THEORY: A directional coupier is a devise with which it is possible to measure the incident & rellecses| wave separately. It consists of two transmission the rats arm au Hhury ais electromagnetically to each other to fig I. The power ent port 2 & 3. And almost no power come out in port 4 power entering in port 2 is divided hetweer ring in the main get pets svile «at port | and port4 The Coupling Factor is define as Coupling (4B) = 10 log 10 {P | /p3] where port 2 is terminated Isolation (dB) = 10 log 10 [p2/p3] where PI is matched469 TUNABLE monowae PROBE MarcHeo TERMINATION | | Facouency | | venwsue siorreo wo ] Pa Ne eau locrer tore sso1ator METER STENUATO uPLER eres oe | | ! leerecr lacus an fo] L TeRnaNneATICNE we Figh: Set Up For The Study Of Multi Hole Directional Coupler With built in termination and power entering at port 1. the directivity of the couplet Hsu ure direct ay Hollows, separation between the incident and reflected wave, Dir. sivity is m Direet:vity 1 (dB) = !-c = 10 log ro [p2/p 1] — Main line VSWR is SWR measured looking it load are placed at all other port. > the main line input terminal wher the metch minal wher ne looking into the out Auxiliary live VSWR is SWR measured in the auxilian the matched load placed on other port the attenuation introduced in the transmission line by insertion of Main line insertion loss define as: coupler. it Insertion loss (4B) = 10 log 1o[P 1 /p2]® Aw ine SWR Measurem 1. Set up the equipment as shown in the fig | > Energize the microwave source for particular frequency of operation as deveribedl int the given in the operation of Klystron tube/Gunn Oscillator. procedure + Follow the procedure as describe for VSWR measurement (low and riedium measurement 4, Repeat the same for other frequencyLock Neca CALCULATIO! Directivity Coupling Factor "| Direetivity RE ESULT: The Coupling Factor is. ‘The Directivit PRE@CUATIONS: @ Dont makeany loose connection 2. Keep the cooling fan always ON 3. Don't touch the klystron tube and any other microwave component. 4. Be very careful while taking reading.