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La s t but not the lea s t, inv a s i v e ba c k pai n m a n a g e m e n t is rec o m m e n d e d for tho s e suff e r i n g fro m
chr o n i c pai n or tho s e w h o ha v e ha d seri o u s spi n a l injuri e s. Th e s e co m e in the for m of ste r o i d a l
or an e s t h e t i c inje c ti o n s to the ner v e , joint or epi d u r a l sp a c e , prol o t h e r a p y , im pl a n t a b l e spi n a l
cor d an d peri p h e r a l ner v e sti m u l a t o r s , im pl a n t a b l e opi oi d infu si o n pu m p s , an d ra di o fre q u e n c y
radi o a b l a t i o n .